U.S. patent application number 09/865503 was filed with the patent office on 2001-11-01 for optical disk and optical disk reproduction apparatus.
This patent application is currently assigned to Hitachi, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Hirabayashi, Masayuki, Nagai, Yutaka, Nakamura, Masafumi, Suzuki, Hideaki, Takeuchi, Toshifumi.
Application Number | 20010036139 09/865503 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27289107 |
Filed Date | 2001-11-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010036139 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hirabayashi, Masayuki ; et
al. |
November 1, 2001 |
Optical disk and optical disk reproduction apparatus
Abstract
An optical disk recording thereon compressed moving picture data
and an optical disk reproduction apparatus each capable of easily
effecting trick play such as high speed reproduction and a
retrieval operation at a high speed. Additional information
necessary for trick play is recorded in an arbitrary area of an
optical disk such as a TOC (Table of Contents) or a leading sector
(sector 0) of the disk, and a sector address is added to each
sector. To conduct trick play, an I picture, a P picture and a B
picture contained in a GOP layer inside a bit stream of compressed
image data are extracted and reproduced in accordance with a
reproduction speed by looking up a trick play table.
Inventors: |
Hirabayashi, Masayuki;
(Yokohama-shi, JP) ; Suzuki, Hideaki;
(Yokohama-shi, JP) ; Nakamura, Masafumi;
(Yokohama-shi, JP) ; Nagai, Yutaka; (Yokohama-shi,
JP) ; Takeuchi, Toshifumi; (Yokohama-shi,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CROWELL & MORING LLP
P.O. Box 14300
Washington
DC
20044-4300
US
|
Assignee: |
Hitachi, Ltd.
|
Family ID: |
27289107 |
Appl. No.: |
09/865503 |
Filed: |
May 29, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09865503 |
May 29, 2001 |
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09429040 |
Oct 29, 1999 |
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09429040 |
Oct 29, 1999 |
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09172254 |
Oct 14, 1998 |
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6002834 |
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09172254 |
Oct 14, 1998 |
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08932585 |
Sep 17, 1997 |
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6009237 |
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08932585 |
Sep 17, 1997 |
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08595789 |
Feb 2, 1996 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
369/59.25 ;
369/275.3; 386/248; 386/E9.013; G9B/20.029; G9B/27.002; G9B/27.019;
G9B/27.033; G9B/27.05 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 27/005 20130101;
H04N 9/8042 20130101; G11B 2020/1232 20130101; G11B 27/329
20130101; G11B 7/00745 20130101; G11B 27/105 20130101; G11B 20/1251
20130101; H04N 5/85 20130101; H04N 5/783 20130101; G11B 2220/20
20130101; G11B 27/3027 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
369/59.25 ;
369/275.3; 386/82; 386/112; 386/70 |
International
Class: |
G11B 007/24; G11B
007/085; H04N 005/76; H04N 005/91 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 24, 1995 |
JP |
07-036461 |
Feb 24, 1995 |
JP |
07-036461 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An optical disk recording thereon a main information divided by
a predetermined unit and identification information in said
division unit, characterized in that said main information contains
at least a compressed image data, additional information necessary
for selectively reproducing said image data is recorded in a
specific area of said optical disk before said main information is
reproduced, and said image data can be selectively reproduced on
the basis of said identification information by reading said
additional information.
2. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined
unit is a sector on a recording format of said optical disk, and
said identification information is the address of said sector.
3. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein said additional
information is the one that represents correspondence between the
sector address on a recording format of said optical disk and a
chapter of said image data.
4. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein said additional
information is the one that represents correspondence between the
sector address on a recording format of said optical disk and time
information of said image data.
5. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein said additional
information is the one that represents correspondence between the
sector address on a recording format of said optical disk and
information representing the contents of said main information.
6. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein said additional
information is the one that represents a table of sector addresses
of a specific kind of image information.
7. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein said additional
information is the one that represents correspondence between a
sequence header added to the leading part of a GOP (Group of
Picture) stipulated by the MPEG standard and the sector
addresses.
8. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein said additional
information is the one that represents correspondence between an I
picture stipulated by the MPEG standard and the sector address of
the start or end of said I picture.
9. An optical disk according to claim 1, which further includes a
plurality of said additional information, and an identification
code is added to each of said additional information so that said
additional information can be identified.
10. An optical disk according to claim 2, wherein said sector is
further divided into blocks, a sync signal is annexed to the
leading part of each of said blocks and the address of said sector
is recorded, and the address of said sector is the same for each
block inside said block.
11. An optical disk according to claim 2, wherein said sector is
further divided into blocks, a plurality of kinds of sync signals
are annexed to the leading part of each of said blocks and the
address of said sector is recorded, and the address of said sector
is completed in a plurality of blocks inside said sector.
12. An optical disk reproduction apparatus for reproducing an
optical disk recording thereon a main information divided by a
predetermined unit and identification information in said division
unit, characterized in that said main information contains at least
a compressed image data, additional information necessary for
selectively reproducing said image data is recorded in a specific
area of said optical disk read out before said main information is
reproduced, and said image data can be selectively reproduced on
the basis of said identification information by reading out said
additional information and looking up said additional
information.
13. An optical disk reproduction apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein said image data is compressed by a compression system
stipulated by the MPEG standard, and image data information of at
least as I picture stipulated by the MPEG standard is extracted and
reproduced by looking up said additional information.
14. An optical disk reproduction apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein said selective reproduction of the image data is a trick
play including at least one of variable speed reproduction and
reverse reproduction.
15. An optical disk recording thereon a compressed image data and
data obtained by dividing image data by a predetermined unit and
adding an address to each of said division unit, characterized in
that additional information corresponding to said address is
recorded as a pair with said address as information necessary for
selectively reproducing said image data in a specific area of said
optical disk, and specific one of said image data in said
predetermined unit can be extracted and reproduced by looking up
information necessary for selectively reproducing said image data.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to an optical disk recording thereon
compressed data of an image, and to an optical disk reproduction
apparatus for reproducing the image data from the optical disk.
[0002] A so-called "CD-ROM" is a typical example of those systems
which reproduce digital data by using an optical disk. The CD-ROM
records data for a computer on an optical disk having the same
physical format as CDs for audio use, and has the data format to be
next described. A data string recorded on the optical disk
comprises the smallest unit referred to as a "frame", and each
frame contains digital data such as sync data, subcode, main
information and an error correction code.
[0003] Further, the CD-ROM employs the sector structure in which 98
frames (2,352 bytes) are gathered into 1 sector, and each sector
comprises a 12-byte sync data, a 4-byte header data representing an
address and a mode, a 2,048-byte digital data and a 288-byte error
detection/correction code.
[0004] On the other hand, a system comprising the combination of an
inter-frame prediction with orthogonal transform, quantitization
and variable-length encoding is well known as an encoding system of
moving picture, and an MPEG system of the ISO (International
Organization of Standardization) is also based on this system. In
the case of MPEG2, for example, the bit stream of the encoded image
data is divided into six hierarchical layers, i.e. a sequence
layer, a GOP (Group of Pictures) layer, a picture layer, a slice
layer, a macro-block layer and a block layer. Among them, the GOP
layer contains three kinds of data, that is, an I picture encoded
from the information alone without using inter-frame prediction, a
P picture generated by executing prediction from the I picture or P
picture and a B picture generated by bidirectional prediction. The
sequence layer comprises a GOP containing image data starting from
the I picture and obtained by gathering the I picture, the P
picture and B picture into one group, and an SH (Sequence Header)
added to the leading part of the GOP.
[0005] When moving picture are converted to compressed image data
by high efficiency encoding, there is known a system which encodes
the signal by reducing a compression ratio for scenes having
vigorous motion, or in other words, at a high transfer rate, and by
increasing the compression ratio for scenes having small motion, or
in other words, at a low transfer rate. The variable transfer rate
compressed image data so encoded can reduce image deterioration due
to compression in comparison with compressed image data of a fixed
transfer rate obtained by fixing the compression ratio at a mean
value.
[0006] An apparatus for recording the compressed image data having
the variable transfer rate or the fixed transfer rate into the
optical disk such as the CD-ROM and reproducing the data has been
announced already.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The prior art technology described above does not
particularly consider so-called "trick play" such as n-time speed
variable speed reproduction with respect to standard speed
reproduction or reverse reproduction of the image data recorded on
the optical disk. In reproduction of the image data, for example,
n-time speed variable speed reproduction or reverse reproduction is
generally required besides continuous reproduction of a standard
speed, and a reproduction apparatus which satisfies these
requirements becomes necessary. High speed retrieval is also
required for the retrieval operation.
[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide an
optical disk and an optical disk reproduction apparatus each of
which can conduct various kinds of trick play of the optical disk
recording thereon compressed image data, and can make a retrieval
operation at a high speed.
[0009] To accomplish the object described above, the optical disk
according to the present invention records specific information
necessary for trick play into an arbitrary area such as a TOC
(Table of Contents) or a leading sector (sector 0) of the optical
disk, and adds a sector address to each sector.
[0010] The optical disk reproduction apparatus according to the
present invention includes means for extracting and reproducing an
I picture, a P picture and a B picture contained in a GOP layer
inside a bit stream of compressed image data by looking up a trick
play table.
[0011] After the optical disk is loaded to the optical disk
reproduction apparatus, a system microcomputer first reads the
trick play table recorded on the optical disk and stores it into a
work area. When trick play is effected, the address of the sector
to be read out is determined by looking up the necessary trick play
table, and the address is retrieved on the optical disk so as to
reproduce an image.
[0012] Because the address of the sector to be read out is
determined by looking up the trick play table during trick play
other than normal reproduction, trick play can be easily executed,
and a retrieved reproduction image can be quickly obtained in the
retrieval operation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of an optical
disk according to the present invention;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the
optical disk according to the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the
optical disk according to the present invention;
[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the
optical disk according to the present invention;
[0017] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the
optical disk according to the present invention;
[0018] FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams each showing a sixth embodiment
of the optical disk according to the present invention;
[0019] FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a data format of the
optical disk according to the seventh embodiment of the present
invention;
[0020] FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the data format of the
optical disk according to the eighth embodiment of the present
invention;
[0021] FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the data format of the
optical disk according to the ninth embodiment of the present
invention;
[0022] FIG. 10 is a schematic view of tracks on an optical disk
according to the present invention; and
[0023] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an operation at the time of trick
play.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0024] Hereinafter, some preferred embodiments of the present
invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying
drawings. First, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be
explained.
[0025] FIG. 1 shows an optical disk according to the first
embodiment of the present invention. The diagram shows a table for
trick play on the optical disk. This trick play table records the
numbers of pieces of music and movements (indices) and
corresponding sector addresses for all the pieces and movements
recorded on the optical disk, for example. Sector addresses are
added to each sector of the optical disk, and this trick play table
is recorded in an area such as a TOC (Table of Contents) or a
leading sector (sector 0) of the disk.
[0026] When this optical disk is loaded to an optical disk
reproduction apparatus, a system microcomputer first reads the
trick play table and stores it in a work area. When trick play is
effected, the address of the sector to be read out is determined by
looking up this trick play table and is then retrieved on the
optical disk so as to reproduce an image.
[0027] Because the address of the sector to be read out is
determined by looking up the trick play table, retrieval can be
carried out at a high speed.
[0028] FIG. 2 shows the optical disk according to the second
embodiment of the present invention. The drawing shows the trick
play table on the optical disk. The trick play table records all
the sector addresses of the data recorded on the optical disk and
the corresponding time codes. This trick play table is recorded in
an area such as the TOC (Table of Contents) or the leading sector
(sector 0) of the disk.
[0029] When this optical disk is loaded to the optical disk
reproduction apparatus, the system microcomputer first reads the
trick play table and stores it in the work area. When trick play is
effected, the address of the sector to be read out is determined by
looking up this trick play table, and the address is retrieved on
the optical disk so as to reproduce the image.
[0030] Because the address of the sector to be read out is
determined by looking up the trick play table during trick play
other than normal reproduction, trick play can be easily conducted,
and retrieval can be made at a high speed.
[0031] When compressed image data of a variable transfer rate is
reproduced, the sector address cannot be determined from the time
code because the sector-address and the time code do not have a
proportional relationship, and correct retrieval cannot be made.
However, the corresponding sector address can be obtained by
looking up the trick play table of this embodiment, and retrieval
can be correctly made.
[0032] FIG. 3 shows the optical disk according to the third
embodiment of the present invention. The drawing shows the trick
play table on the optical disk. The trick play table records all
the sector addresses of the data recorded on the optical disk and
their contents. This trick play table is recorded in an area such
as the TOC (Table of Contents) or the leading sector (sector 0) of
the disk.
[0033] When the optical disk is loaded to the optical disk
reproduction apparatus, the system microcomputer first reads the
trick play table and stores it into the work area. When retrieval
is effected, the address of the sector to be read out is determined
by looking up the trick play table, and this address is retrieved
on the optical disk so as to reproduce the image.
[0034] Because the address of the sector to be read out is
determined by looking up the trick play table during trick play
other than normal reproduction, trick play can be easily conducted
and retrieval can be made at a high speed.
[0035] FIG. 4 shows the optical disk according to the fourth
embodiment of the present invention. The drawing shows the trick
play table on the optical disk. The trick play table records an SH
(Sequence Header) added to the leading part of a GOP recorded on
the optical disk and its sector address. This trick play table is
recorded in an area such as the TOC (Table of Contents) or the
leading sector (sector 0) of the disk.
[0036] When the optical disk is loaded to the optical disk
reproduction apparatus, the system microcomputer first reads the
trick play table and stores it in the work area. When retrieval is
conducted, the address of the sector to be read out is determined
by looking up the trick play table, and the address is retrieved on
the optical disk so as to reproduce the image.
[0037] Because the address of the sector to be read out is
determined by looking up the trick play table during trick play
other than normal reproduction, trick play can be easily conducted
and retrieval can be made at a high speed.
[0038] FIG. 5 shows the optical disk according to the fifth
embodiment of the present invention. The drawing shows the trick
play table on the optical disk. The trick play table records the
sector addresses of the start and the end of an I picture recorded
on the optical disk. This trick play table is recorded in an area
such as the TOC (Table of Contents) or the leading sector (sector
0) of the disk.
[0039] When the optical disk is loaded to-the optical disk
reproduction apparatus, the system microcomputer first reads the
trick play table and stores it into the work area. When retrieval
is conducted, the address of the sector to be read out is
determined by looking up this trick play table, and the address is
retrieved on the optical disk so as to reproduce the image.
[0040] Because the sector address of the I picture is determined by
looking up the trick play table during trick play other than normal
reproduction, trick play can be made by extracting only the I
picture. The sector addresses of a B picture and a P picture can be
recorded in the trick play table, and trick play can be carried out
smoothly.
[0041] FIGS. 6A and 6B show the optical disk according to the sixth
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6A schematically shows
the tracks on the optical disk. The tracks are spirally formed on
the optical disk. FIG. 6B schematically shows a plurality of trick
play tables 1, 2, 3 recorded in the tracks and their identification
codes T1, T2, T3. When the optical disk is loaded to the optical
disk reproducing apparatus, the system microcomputer reads the
trick play tables recorded in the optical disk and stores them into
the work area. In this instance, the system microcomputer can
identify each trick play table by its identification code and can
store it to a predetermined address of the work area. Therefore,
even when any kinds of trick play tables exist, the system
microcomputer can identify each table and can store it into the
work table. In other words, the system microcomputer can determine
the address of the sector by looking up a necessary trick play
table during trick play and can easily effect trick play and at the
same time, retrieval can be made at a high speed.
[0042] FIG. 7 shows the optical disk according to the seventh
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 schematically shows the
data format recorded in the track on the optical disk. Each sector
is further divided into blocks. The blocks contain a sync signal
(Sync), a sector address (SA), a block address (BA), a parity (P),
digital data (Data) and an error correction code (ECC). The same
address is recorded for each block for the sector address.
[0043] FIG. 8 shows the optical disk according to the eighth
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 schematically shows the
data format recorded in the tracks on the optical disk, and each
sector is further divided into blocks. The blocks contain the sync
signals (S0, S1), the sector address (SA), the block address (BA),
the parity (P), the digital data (Data) and the error correction
code (ECC). The sector address is recorded in two blocks and SA1
and SA2 together represent one address. Therefore, in comparison
with the seventh embodiment wherein the same address is written for
each block, the sector address may be written into every two
blocks, and redundancy of the address is smaller and the address
area can be made smaller than in the seventh embodiment.
[0044] FIG. 9 shows the optical disk-according to the ninth
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 schematically show the
data format recorded in the tacks on the optical disk. Each sector
is further divided into blocks. The blocks contain the sync signals
(S0, S1, S2), the sector address (SA), the block address (BA), the
parity (P), the digital data (Data) and the error correction code
(ECC). The sector address is recorded into two blocks, and SA1, SA2
and SA3 together represent one address. Therefore, the same block
address may be written into every two blocks. Accordingly,
redundancy of the address is smaller and the address area can be
made smaller than in the seventh and eighth embodiments.
[0045] FIG. 10 schematically shows the tracks on the optical disk,
and the spiral track is formed on the optical disk. Symbols (x-1),
x, (x+1), . . . , (x+n) and (x+n+1) represent sectors,
respectively, and the data are reproduced in this sequence during
normal reproduction.
[0046] Hereinafter, the trick play operation will be explained
about the operation at the time of reproduction at an n-time
reproduction speed. It will be assumed that a command of
reproduction at an n-time is inputted while the sector x is being
reproduced in FIG. 10. First, after the data of the sector x is
read out, (x+n) as the next target sector is retrieved by track
jump, or the like. The distance n from the initial position to the
target sector is calculated by the system microcomputer in
accordance with at which multiple speed the reproduction is to be
made. After retrieval is so made, the data of the sector (x+n) is
read out and (x+2n) as the next target sector is again retrieved.
Therefore, this operation is repeatedly carried out.
[0047] When the optical disk is loaded to the optical disk
reproduction apparatus, the system microcomputer first reads the
trick play table recorded on the optical disk and stores it into
the work area. When trick play is conducted, the address of the
sector to be read out is determined by looking up the necessary
trick play table, and its address is retrieved on the optical disk
so as to reproduce the image.
[0048] FIG. 11 shows the flowchart of the operation during the
n-time speed reproduction described above. Here, symbol m
represents a frame (field) interval of the I picture. When the
command of n-time speed reproduction is inputted from an external
input device such as a remote controller, whether the relation m=n
is first judged. When the result is m=n, only the I picture is
retrieved by the trick play table and reproduction is carried out.
When the result is m<n, the I picture is skippingly retrieved
and reproduced by the trick play table. When the result is 2m=n,
3m=n, and so forth, only the I picture is retrieved and reproduced.
When the P picture is further retrieved and reproduced skippingly
in addition to the I picture at this time, various speed
reproduction can be made smoothly. When the result is m>n, the P
picture is skippingly retrieved and reproduced by the trick play
table in addition to the I picture. When the B picture is further
retrieved and reproduced skippingly in addition to the I picture
and the P picture at this time, various speed reproduction can be
smoothly made. Thereafter, the operation described above is
repeated if the n-time speed reproduction continues.
[0049] Though the explanation given above deals with the n-time
speed reproduction operation, the present invention can be easily
applied to reproduction in the reverse direction when n in the
n-time speed reproduction is negative (-). Further, slow
reproduction can be made when .vertline.n.vertline.<1.
[0050] As described above, when retrieval is made by looking up the
trick play table, image reproduction of the GOP unit can be easily
made in the image data encoded by the MPEG system, for example.
Therefore, besides the normal speed continuous reproduction
operation, operations trick play such as slow reproduction, high
speed reproduction, reproduction in the reverse direction, and the
high speed retrieval operation become possible.
[0051] The present invention is not particularly limited to the
foregoing embodiments but can be changed or modified in various
ways without departing from the scope thereof.
[0052] In the optical disk according to the present invention,
information necessary for trick play is recorded in an arbitrary
area such as the TOC (Table of Contents) or the leading sector
(sector 0) of the disk, and the sector address is added to each
sector. The optical disk reproduction apparatus looks up the trick
play table, and extracts and reproduces the I picture, P picture
and B picture contained in the GOP layer inside the bit stream of
the compressed image data. Accordingly, the present invention can
easily execute trick play such as slow reproduction, high speed
reproduction, reproduction in the reverse direction and the
retrieval operation. It is obvious in the explanation given above
that the image data may be the moving picture or the still picture.
It is further obvious that the present invention can be similarly
applied to the audio data or control data carried by the image
data.
* * * * *