U.S. patent application number 09/332346 was filed with the patent office on 2001-10-25 for system and method for collecting vehicle information.
Invention is credited to DENSMORE, OWEN M., MARTIN, GUY W., RAZAVI, BEHFAR.
Application Number | 20010033225 09/332346 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23297827 |
Filed Date | 2001-10-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010033225 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
RAZAVI, BEHFAR ; et
al. |
October 25, 2001 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING VEHICLE INFORMATION
Abstract
A system and method for collecting information from a vehicle
wherein the vehicle incorporates an internal network having a
device coupled thereto for collecting or generating the vehicle
information and a communication device coupled thereto for
transmitting the vehicle information to an external receiver. In
one embodiment, the devices coupled to the network are addressable
using corresponding IP addresses. In another embodiment, the
devices are addressable using object terminology which references
their respective services. The vehicle information may include
location, traffic, diagnostic or other types of information The
vehicle information may be transmitted to the external receiver
automatically or the transmission may be initiated by a network
user within the vehicle.
Inventors: |
RAZAVI, BEHFAR; (SAN JOSE,
CA) ; DENSMORE, OWEN M.; (PALO ALTO, CA) ;
MARTIN, GUY W.; (SAN JOSE, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
B. NOEL KIVLIN
CONLEY ROSE & TAYON PC
P O BOX 398
AUSTIN
TX
78767-0398
US
|
Family ID: |
23297827 |
Appl. No.: |
09/332346 |
Filed: |
June 14, 1999 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/425.5 ;
340/531; 340/539.13; 340/988; 701/117; 701/31.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01C 21/26 20130101;
H04W 8/26 20130101; H04W 80/04 20130101; H04W 84/005 20130101; H04L
67/12 20130101; H04L 9/40 20220501; H04L 67/34 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
340/425.5 ;
340/988; 340/531; 340/539; 701/29; 701/117 |
International
Class: |
G08G 001/09 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for collecting vehicle information comprising:
providing a network internal to the vehicle, wherein said network
comprises a first device configured to produce vehicle information
and a communication device; establishing a communications link
between said communication device and a receiver external to said
network; and transmitting vehicle information from said network to
said receiver.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein transmitting vehicle information
from said network to said receiver comprises transmitting said
vehicle information from said first device to said communication
device and then transmitting said vehicle information from said
communication device to said receiver.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein transmitting said vehicle
information from said first device to said communication device
comprises addressing said vehicle information to an IP address
corresponding to said communication device.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein transmitting said vehicle
information from said first device to said communication device
comprises said first device requesting transmission service from
said communication device using object terminology.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising said communication
device registering a transmission service with a lookup server on
said network, wherein said transmitting vehicle information from
said network to said receiver comprises said first device looking
up said transmission service on said lookup server and transmitting
said vehicle information via said transmission service of said
communication device.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising a transmitter external
to said network requesting said vehicle information, wherein said
vehicle information is transmitted from said network to said
receiver in response to said requesting said vehicle
information.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said transmitter requests vehicle
location information and wherein said first device comprises a GPS
system which transmits said vehicle location information to said
receiver in response to said request.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said transmitter requests vehicle
diagnostic information and wherein said first device comprises an
onboard diagnostic system which transmits said vehicle diagnostic
information to said receiver in response to said request.
9. A system for collecting vehicle information comprising: a
vehicle; a network transmission medium installed in said vehicle; a
vehicle information source coupled to said network transmission
medium; a communication device coupled to said network transmission
medium. wherein said vehicle information source is configured to
transmit said vehicle information to said communication device and
wherein said communication device is configured to transmit said
vehicle information.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein said vehicle information source
is configured to transmit said vehicle information to said
communication device in response to a query from said communication
device.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein said query is received by said
communication device from an external source and transmitted to
said vehicle information source.
12. The system of claim 9 wherein said vehicle information source
is configured to periodically transmit said vehicle information to
said communication device.
13. The system of claim 9 wherein said vehicle information source
and said communication device are IP-addressable.
14. The system of claim 9 wherein said vehicle information source
and said communication device are addressable using object
terminology.
15. The system of claim 9 wherein said vehicle information source
is configured to transmit vehicle diagnostic information.
16. The system of claim 9 wherein said vehicle information source
is configured to transmit vehicle location information.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates generally to the field of
computerized systems for automobiles and other vehicles and more
particularly to a vehicle component architecture in which vehicle
components are network devices coupled to an in-vehicle
network.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] Automobiles play an important role in the lives of millions
of people. They provide a mode of transportation which allows
people to cover great distances quickly and easily and are a
convenience which many people could not do without. For example,
many people commute to and from work every day in their automobiles
and some may spend an hour or more in traffic each way.
[0005] Despite the freedom with which automobiles allow people to
move about, the substantial amount of time which people spend in
their automobiles may also be an inconvenience. For instance, a
person who commutes an hour each way to and from work typically
cannot make productive use of that time. That is, time which is
spent in the automobile might have instead been spent working,
playing or in some other useful manner. Although some people may be
able to make use of cellular phones to conduct business from their
automobiles, they make up a relatively small percentage of the
driving population. Time spent in an automobile is more typically
an interruption of the driver's normal activities. The
inconvenience and anxiety resulting from this interruption may be
magnified by problems such as traffic jams, vehicle malfunctions
and driver confusion.
[0006] Automobile designers may attempt to lessen the inconvenience
of time spent in automobile by making it as comfortable as possible
and by providing certain services to the occupants of the vehicle.
For example, the ergonomics of the automobile are studied to ensure
that it provides both a physically comfortable environment and a
user-friendly interface to the automobile's functions. The
designers may also incorporate into the vehicle the delivery of
services that may assist the driver, thereby reducing the driver's
workload and anxiety level. Such services may include providing
computerized maps, navigation aids and emergency assistance
signaling.
[0007] One of the difficulties faced by designers, however, is that
the designs for automobiles must be finalized long before the
vehicles themselves actually go into production. The designers must
therefore anticipate needs which drivers will have several years in
the future. Since a typical design cycle for an automobile is four
years long, the designers must create an automobile design which is
four years ahead of its time. Then, after the automobile is in
production, even services which designers may have accurately
anticipated may quickly become outdated or obsolete. Because a
person may own an automobile for ten years or more, it is not at
all unusual for the design of an automobile to be outdated for a
substantial portion of its useful is life.
[0008] While it may be desirable to upgrade the components of
automobiles, they are often difficult, if not impossible, to
upgrade. The components typically have unique physical and
functional characteristics, including their size, shape and
interface to the automobile, which prevent them from being replaced
with similar, but not identical parts. Further, the replacement of
the components can be very labor-intensive, and it is not unusual
for the cost of the labor to install the components to be on the
same order as the cost of the components themselves. There is
therefore no practical way in the prior art for an automobile which
is already in production to be upgraded to maintain
state-of-the-art components and/or functionality.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] One or more of the problems described above may be solved by
the various embodiments of the invention. Broadly speaking, the
invention comprises a system for integrating components into a
vehicle wherein the components comprise devices coupled to an
in-car network and wherein the network provides for easy
re-configuration and upgrading of the vehicle, as well as improved
communication of information between the vehicle's systems and
integration of the vehicle network into external networks.
[0010] One embodiment of the invention comprises a vehicle which
has a network installed therein. The network includes one or more
devices which are addressable using IP addresses or object
terminology. The devices may include various servers and clients,
such as microphones, cameras, GPS receivers, interfaces to on-board
diagnostic systems, communication devices, displays, CD players,
radios, speakers, security devices and LANs (local are networks,)
to name only a few. Devices may easily be connected or disconnected
to upgrade or reconfigure the vehicle's systems, and software and
services can easily be provided to the various devices through the
network. The network can enable the interaction of various network
devices to increase the capabilities or utility of devices which
may otherwise be limited. The system therefore provides an easy and
inexpensive means to improve or otherwise modify the functionality
of the vehicle.
[0011] In one embodiment, the in-vehicle network comprises an
ethernet, although other embodiments can be implemented in any
other type of network. Communication devices such as wireless
modems and wireless ethernet allow communications with devices and
networks external to the in-vehicle network so that data, software,
services and other information can be downloaded from or uploaded
to these external sources. The in-vehicle network can also be
coupled to an external network through these communication devices
so that it can function as a device (a sub-network) on the external
network.
[0012] In one embodiment, some traditional vehicle components maybe
replaced by network devices, thereby providing extended
functionality to the driver. For example, the vehicle's dashboard
maybe replaced by a monitor which displays images of dashboard
instruments, vehicle data and other information to the driver.
Graphics generated by a server on the network may be designed to
emulate digital or analog gauges which are normally found on a
dashboard. The graphics may be varied to suit the preferences of
different drivers, or the driver may be able to select different
information to be displayed (for example, tabbing from vehicle data
to location information, to a radio display, and so on.)
[0013] Additional embodiments are described below
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Other objects and advantages of the invention will become
apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0015] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an in-car sub-network in one
embodiment of the invention.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of an in-car sub-network
in one embodiment of the invention
[0017] FIG. 3 is a diagram of the operating environment of the
server in one embodiment of the invention.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of an in-car
sub-network in conjunction with a land-based proxy server and
external networks in one embodiment of the invention.
[0019] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by
way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in
detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and
detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the
invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary,
the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and
alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present
invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0020] One embodiment of the invention will be described in detail
below. It should be noted that many modifications of the described
embodiment are possible and will be obvious to a person of ordinary
skill upon reading this disclosure. While some of these
modifications will also be described below, all of the various
embodiments of the invention are intended to be encompassed by this
disclosure and the appended claims.
[0021] One embodiment of the invention comprises an automobile
which incorporates its own network. A group of components within
the automobile comprise network devices which are coupled to the
in-car network. Thus, rather than being directly and independently
coupled to the automobile, these components are citizens of the
in-car network and may be installed, disconnected, upgraded or
replaced with different devices. They may increase or decrease the
functionality of the automobile, or they may function cooperatively
with other network devices. Thus, the components are not limited by
outdated designs or the constraints of proprietary buses or
connections.
[0022] As used herein, "network" refers to a group of computers or
other devices (e.g., servers, displays, modems, etc.) which are
interconnected by a transmission medium, and which are addressable
using IP addresses or object terminology. A network may be one of
many different types, several of which are defined in the standards
of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE.)
For example, one embodiment of the invention employs an ethernet
(as defined IEEE 802.3.) Because network types such as ethernet,
token ring and others are well known and understood in the art of
the invention, they will not be explained in detail here. Suitable
transmission media (e.g., twisted pairs of wires, coaxial cables,
optical fibers, free space or even the connections between devices
and their peripherals) can be selected according to the selected
network architecture. A wide variety of network devices can be
coupled to a network and the network can typically be dynamically
reconfigured through connection and/or disconnection of these
devices
[0023] IP (Internet Protocol) is a protocol which is typically used
in conjunction with TCP (Transport Control Protocol) as a protocol
suite for passing data from applications to networks and then from
the networks to other applications. The IP portion of the protocol
suite is used in transporting packets from the transmitting device
to the receiving device. IP addresses are, of course, the means by
which the packets are directed to the target device. Because IP
addresses are well-known in the data-processing arts, they will not
be explained in further detail here. It is sufficient to note that
IP addressing allows data to be directed to devices which are not
part of a predetermined, hard-wired design. "Object terminology,"
as used in this disclosure, refers to software language which
handles devices in an object-oriented manner. That is, the devices
and their functions can be used in a manner which is not dependent
upon the specific implementation of the device, but instead upon
the type and functions of the device. For instance, as will be
explained below in regard to Jini software, a device which joins a
network may register its services with a lookup server so that
other devices which need these services can request them without
regard to the specific device that provides them. In contrast,
prior art on-board diagnostic buses have specific, predetermined
devices which provide specific, predetermined services and which
transmit/receive data over a specific, predetermined path. By using
IP addressing and object terminology to provide communication
between devices on the network, the invention eliminates the
constraints which are inherent in bus systems. (Communication, as
used here, includes data transfer and any other interaction between
the devices.)
[0024] For the purposes of this disclosure, a network is distinct
from the various buses which may monitor the functions of an
automobile and provide diagnostic information, but which can be
coupled only to specific monitoring devices. These buses may be
referred to as "on-board diagnostic" (OBD) systems. Because the
Environmental Protection Agency has adopted standards for such
systems from the standards of the society of automotive engineers
(SAE), most of the diagnostic buses use command sets and protocols
defined by SAE standards (e.g. SAE J2979 and SAE J. 2850 VPW/PWM.)
OBD systems do not provide IP addressability. Consequently, they do
not, in the absence of the invention, support the wide variety of
devices that can be coupled to a network. The utility of OBD system
buses is limited to specific diagnostic functions which are
designed into the automobile. It is contemplated, however, that
embodiments of the invention may be implemented by adding an IP
layer on top of the OBD buses. Thus, while the proprietary buses
are distinct from the networks described herein, these buses may be
converted to network uses, or they may be coupled to the networks
through appropriate interfaces (i.e., the buses themselves can
function as devices on the networks.)
[0025] In another embodiment of the invention, an automobile having
an in-car network may be coupled to an external network That is,
the in-car network may appear to the external network to have a
single IP address. (In this context, the in-car network may be
referred to as a "sub-network," while they external network may be
referred to as the "primary" network.) The automobile sub-network
may include a variety of communication devices through which it may
be coupled to the primary network. These devices may include a
wireless modem, a cellular packet data (CDPD) modem, a pager or
other communication devices. The in-car sub-network operates in
cooperation with a land-based proxy server. Because the in-car
sub-network uses several different communication devices, it has
several different IP addresses (one for each of the communications
devices.) These addresses may be dynamically assigned by a service
provider. The in-car sub-network communicates to the land-based
proxy server of the IP address of the currently-used communication
device. Packets which originate on the primary network and which
are addressed to the in-car sub-network are directed to the
land-based proxy server, which then directs the packets to the
in-car sub-network at the appropriate IP address. The land-based
proxy server additionally acts as a buffer when the in-car
sub-network is disconnected from the primary network. The
land-based proxy server forwards packets which are destined for the
disconnected in-car sub-network and delivers the packets when the
in-car sub-network is reconnected to the primary network.
[0026] The goals of the system can be grouped into three broad
categories: hardware independence; service delivery; and software
upgradability. The hardware independence of the system is related
to the interchangeability of the components of the automobile's
sub-network. If, for example, the sub-network includes a graphical
display, this display should be replaceable with several different
displays, each having unique characteristics. The several displays
only need to be able to interface with the sub-network in order to
be exchanged. The goal of service delivery relates to the ability
to provide new and different services to the vehicle through the
sub-network. Although automobiles in the prior art may provide one
or two services to the driver, e.g. driver assistance via automatic
telephone communications, the equipment for providing these
services are dedicated to their respective services and cannot
provide distinctly different services. The present system, on the
other hand, allows new components or new software to be added to
the automobile sub-network and thereby enables new services to be
provided to the driver. Finally, software upgradeability relates to
the ease with which software systems in the automobile may be
upgraded via the automobile sub-network. Rather than manually
replacing memory modules or CDs (e.g. containing map data,) the
automobile sub-network enables the downloading of new applications
or data, as well as the uploading of vehicle diagnostic data or
other information, through the network communication devices.
[0027] This disclosure is directed generally to sub-network
implementations within vehicles. "Vehicles" may include
automobiles, boats, airplanes, trailers, buses, trains and the
like. For the sake of brevity, the detailed description herein
describes an implementation in an automobile. The scope of the
invention, however, is intended to encompass any type of vehicle,
and references to automobiles or cars apply equally to other
vehicles. Additionally, at least portions of the system are also
applicable to land-based implementations of sub-networks, rather
than being limited to vehicle-based implementations.
[0028] Referring to FIG. 1, an in-car sub-network 10 in one
embodiment of the invention is shown. In-car sub-network 10
comprises a utility box 11, network devices 13 and 14,
communication device 15 and network cabling 12. These components
are installed in vehicle 18. Utility box 11 and network devices 13
and 14 are coupled to cabling 12. Communication device 15 is
connected to utility box 11. Each of these devices is addressable
on network 10. Although communication device 15 is not directly
connected to cabling 12, utility box 11 is configured to recognize
packets on the network which are addressed to communication device
15 and to forward these packets to the device. Network 10 can be
coupled to an external network through internet service provider
17. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, communication device 15
is a wireless device and is coupled to internet service provider 17
by wireless transmissions 16.
[0029] In one embodiment, the in-car sub-network is installed in a
General Motors EV1. The EV1 is an electric car which General Motors
markets through its Saturn dealerships. The EV1 was selected for
this embodiment in part because of the energy requirements of the
devices connected to the in-car sub-network. Although many vehicles
can provide sufficient power to run the devices, the EV1 has large
batteries for providing energy to the car's original equipment.
These batteries can power the devices of the in-car sub-network for
a longer period of time than the smaller batteries which are found
in most vehicles. Thus, the in-car sub-network can be installed in
essentially any type of vehicle.
[0030] Referring to FIG. 2, a more detailed block diagram of in-car
sub-network 20 is shown. FIG. 2 illustrates some of the components
that may be coupled to the network. In-car sub-network 20 is built
around an on-board compute platform 22. Compute platform 22
consists of a SparcStation UPN server (a prototype Sparc 5-based
system.) All of the components of the incar sub-network are either
directly plugged into the compute platform or coupled to do it via
an ethernet connection.
[0031] Compute platform 22 includes some type of readable/writeable
storage media 25, such as a hard disk or flash memory. As mentioned
above, the manufacturer's on-board diagnostic system bus 23 can be
coupled to the in-car sub-network. On-board diagnostic system bus
23 is connected to compute platform 22 via an RS-232 connector. The
in-car sub-network can also be coupled to an in-car ethernet LAN 24
via the ethernet itself. The in-car sub-network can also be
connected to external networks via a set of communication devices.
These communication devices include wireless modem 26, CDPD modem
27, cellular phone 29 and wireless ethernet 28. Depending upon the
circumstances in which the in-car sub-network is operating, the
external network connection may be provided by any one of these
communication devices. The in-car sub-network is configured to
select one of the devices according to the prevailing operating
conditions.
[0032] The communication devices identified above (i.e., wireless
modems and ethernet transceivers) are typical for network
communications. In addition to these devices, however, the in-car
sub-network may utilize devices that provide "last-hop" service.
Communications from a node on a first network to a node on a second
network are typically routed through a number of intermediate
networks. Packets may "hop" from the first network to an
intermediate network, and then to another network before arriving
at the second network. Last hop service is the service that
transmits the packets over the last segment of this data path.
Because any one of the communication devices of the in-car
sub-network may lose communications with the ISP (or other external
device,) it is advantageous to have as many possible means for
communicating as possible. The in-car sub-network may therefore
employ last hop service comprising paging or similar types of
communications. These services will typically be used by
transmitting packets to a last hop service transmitter, which will
convert the packet data as necessary to make the last hop (e.g.,
convert the data to text for an alphanumeric pager,) then transmit
the data to the in-car sub-network.
[0033] In-car sub-network 20 can also communicate with external
systems such as global positioning systems (GPS) and traffic
information systems. A GPS receiver 30 is coupled to in-car
sub-network 20 for providing automobile location information. GPS
receiver 30 is capable of collecting information from GPS
satellites to determine the position of the automobile. This
information is converted to a format appropriate for other uses
within the in-car sub-network, such as map retrieval for the area
around the automobile. A Cue traffic information receiver 31 is
also coupled to in-car sub-network 20. Receiver 31 obtains traffic
information (e.g., information on traffic jams) which can be used,
for example, by navigation systems running on in-car sub-network 20
to determine the best route for the automobile to take. Both GPS
receiver 30 and traffic information receiver 31 are connected to
compute platform 22 by RS-232 connectors.
[0034] In one embodiment, in-car sub-network 20 includes video
camera 32. Video camera 32 provides visual information from the
automobile's surroundings to in-car sub-network 20. Video camera 32
provides a good example of the utility of a network device. Because
video camera 32 is a network device, other devices on the in-car
sub-network, or even devices on external networks which are coupled
to the in-car sub-network, can request this visual information. For
example, the video produced by video camera 32 may be displayed by
LCD panel 35 or by a web browser coupled to the in-car sub-network
through PDA dock 33. A person browsing the internet on an external
network could also request images from video camera 32.
[0035] In one embodiment, in-car sub-network 20 also includes PDA
(personal digital assistant) dock 33, Java Ring reader 34, LCD
panel 35, microphone 36 and speakers 37. PDA dock 33 provides a
means for passengers in the automobile to connect a PDA to the
in-car sub-network. Other embodiments of the invention may include
a dock for a laptop computer instead of, or in addition to, PDA
dock 33. Java Ring reader 34 is coupled to in-car sub-network 20 to
provide a means for controlling access to the network and the
functions of the automobile itself. Java Ring reader 34 essentially
performs a password function. That is, it identifies a user of the
in-car sub-network and provides a particular level of access to
network components according to the privilege level of the user.
For example, the owner of the automobile may be allowed to access
substantially all of the components and functions of the in-car
sub-network except for detailed vehicle diagnostic information. A
mechanic, on the other hand, may be allowed to access this detailed
diagnostic information, but may only be allowed to drive the
automobile a limited distance. This mechanism may also be used to
personalize the operation of the automobile, adjusting seat
positions, radio stations and the like according to the preferences
of different drivers. The extent to which this mechanism controls
the various functions of the automobile depends, of course, upon
the coupling of the related automobile components to the in-car
sub-network.
[0036] Microphone 36 and speakers 37 are coupled to in-car
sub-network 20 in order to provide, among other things, a mechanism
for speech communications between the driver and the network, In
one embodiment, compute platform 22 includes a speech engine for
converting speech to text or commands. The driver of the automobile
may therefore control various functions of the network and/or the
automobile using spoken commands. For example, the driver may
simply recite the appropriate command for determining the location
of the automobile, whereupon compute platform 22 might query GPS
receiver 30 for location information, then retrieve a map from a
web site and display the map to the driver. Compute platform 22 may
also include a text-to-speech engine for use in delivering
information to the driver. For example, the in-car sub-network may
retrieve the driver's email or other documents, convert the text to
speech and then "read" the document to the driver.
[0037] It is contemplated that the vehicle's OBD (on-board
diagnostic) system (e.g., item 23 in FIG. 2) will be connected to
in-car sub-network 20. The OBD system, as indicated above, is
typically of a proprietary design which was not originally intended
to be connected to a network. The OBD system may therefore be
connected to the network by an interface which is designed as a
network device. With the OBD system coupled to the network via the
interface device, other devices on the network can query the OBD
system for diagnostic information and/or provide information to the
OBD system.
[0038] Although the in-car sub-network depicted in FIG. 2 includes
the particular network devices described above, the enumerated
devices are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting. In
other embodiments, the network may include printers, compact disk
(CD) drives, storage devices, digital video disk (DVD) players,
video games, monitors or other devices. The network may include any
type of network devices that may be installed in the automobile or
remotely connected to the network through its communication
devices. Because the network supports any network device,
components which were not designed, nor even conceived, when the
network itself was installed can be easily coupled to the network
and operated cooperatively with the remainder of the network
devices
[0039] As indicated above, compute platform 22 is at the center of
in-car sub-network 20. In one embodiment, compute platform 22 is a
Java platform. (Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.) In
other words, compute platform 22 uses the Java programming language
to provide an environment in which Java applications can be
executed. The use of a Java environment in compute platform 22
allows the software that will be executed on the compute platform
to be hardware independent.
[0040] The organization of the operating environment of compute
platform 22 is shown in FIG. 3. At the lowest level of the diagram
shown in FIG. 3 is hardware 41. Hardware 41 comprises the physical
server (or other processor) on which the software is executed.
Hardware 41 may comprise a SparcStation as in the above-described
embodiment, or any other suitable computer, such as a StrongARM,
PowerPC, Intel, MIPS or Mitsubishi system. Hardware 41 executes an
operating system 42 which provides the basic functionality of the
compute platform. The particular operating system selected to be
used with hardware 41 will depend upon the type of processor upon
which hardware 41 is built, and may also depend upon the network's
requirements, if more than one operating system is available for
the chosen hardware. A few of the operating systems which may be
available are VxWorks, PSOS, OS9, Chorus and Linux. Operating
system 42 supports Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) 43. Each of the devices connected to the in-car
sub-network can therefore be addressable as a network device.
[0041] Compute platform 22 runs Java virtual machine 44. Java
virtual machine 44 is a software application that executes in the
environment of the native operating system and provides a common
environment for applications written in the Java programming
language. In other words, Java virtual machine 44 provides a layer
of abstraction between an operating system and an executable
program, essentially providing a Java-to-operating system interface
so that programs written in the Java programming language can be
executed on a platform running an operating system which would not
otherwise support execution of the program. Because Java virtual
machines exist for many different compute platforms, the same Java
language program can be executed on each of these different
platforms. In this manner, the hardware/operating system portion of
the system is made a commodity. As a result, the remainder of the
system is no longer tied to the original hardware, the original
operating system, or the original supplier thereof.
[0042] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, compute platform 22
executes Personal Java 45 on Java virtual machine 44. (Personal
Java 45 also interfaces to some extent with operating system 42.)
Personal Java is an application environment which was specifically
designed for consumer devices such as PDAs, set-top boxes, smart
phones and other mobile, hand-held devices. These consumer devices
differ from desktop computers in that they typically use different
interface technologies, they have much smaller memories, they use
embedded processors and they have tight constraints on power
consumption, among other things. Personal Java is designed to
provide an environment which eliminates these constraints and which
facilitates the use of network-connectable applications for these
consumer devices. Personal Java is therefore well-suited to operate
within the constraints of the in-car sub-network. Personal Java
includes a subset of core Java application programming interfaces
(APIs) and a set of APIs which are directed specifically to
features required by consumer applications in resource-limited
environments (Personal Java implementations often include a Java
virtual machine, so Java virtual machine 44 may therefore be
considered part of Personal Java 45.)
[0043] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, several APIs are
made available in the environment provided by Personal Java 45.
These APIs include Java card 46, Java telephony 47, Java media 48,
Java communications 49, Java speech 50, Java automotive 51, Jini 52
and Java embedded server 53. These applications are exemplary of
the applications and applets that can be employed and many others
can be used with, or instead of, these applications. Applications
46-51 will be described in more detail below in connection with the
operation of the system. A virtual dashboard application 54
operates cooperatively with these applications and provides an
interface between the applications and the vehicle's driver.
Virtual dashboard 54 may also interface directly with Personal Java
51 and with native code 55. Native code 55 may include native
(rather than Java) equivalents of applications 46-51.
[0044] The embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 3
incorporates Jini software 52. Jini is a technology developed by
Sun Microsystems to allow devices to form impromptu communities on
networks. (Jini is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.) In other
words, the devices can become aware of each other and share each
other's services even though they do not have any prior knowledge
of each other. Jini software 52 is an application which implements
the Jini technology. Using Jini technology, devices can
spontaneously form network communities through a discovery-and-join
protocol. When a device using a discovery-and-join protocol is
plugged into a network, the device polls the network for a Jini
lookup service. The device then registers itself with the lookup
service. Once the device has registered itself with the lookup
service, any other device on the network may query the network
server to determine whether desired services are available. Because
this process is automatic, users need not perform complicated
installation procedures to couple Jini-enabled devices to the
network and enable the devices to function cooperatively with other
devices on network. Jini technology also employs a concept known as
"leasing." Whenever a device registers with a lookup server, the
device can be thought of as having a "lease" which must be
periodically renewed. If the "lease" is not renewed within a
predetermined period, the lookup server assumes that the device has
been disconnected and removes the information associated with the
device. Disconnection of devices is therefore also automatic, so
that the user is not required to perform any de-installation
procedures.
[0045] Although Jini technology is used in the embodiment described
above, other embodiments may not include a Jini application.
Embodiments which do not implement Jini technology may, if desired,
implement similar functionality (e.g., a discover-and-join
protocol) through other means. For example, a device may include an
on-board memory which contains information on the services it
provides or the services it needs to be able to perform all of its
functions. The memory may also contain a web address at which this
type of information may be found. The network server may then look
up the information on the device using this web address. The device
and/or its services may thereby be registered in a manner similar
to that of a Jini network.
[0046] The embodiment of FIG. 3 uses Java embedded server 53 to
provide services to the in-car sub-network. Java embedded server 53
is a "small footprint" server which requires only a limited amount
of memory. Java embedded server 53 includes a set of APIs for
management of "plug and play" services and applications, and a set
of services which are managed, such as HTTP, SNMP, logging, thread
management, remote administration and servlet support. (A "servlet"
is an applet designed to provide a service to the network.) More
complex services such as email and facsimile can be built on top of
the embedded server's services. Because of the small footprint of
Java embedded server 53, it is well-suited for use in the in-car
sub-network. Java embedded server 53 allows the services which are
provided to be upgraded or otherwise modified, whereas services
provided by many embedded servers are "hard wired" into them,
thereby limiting their capabilities and their upgradability.
[0047] Java speech module 50 (and possibly native code 55) provide
a speech interface between the user and the in-car sub-network.
Because the user may also be the driver of the vehicle, it may be
important to focus the user's attention on driving rather than
providing input to one or more network devices. Providing this
input through speech is both safe and convenient. The user's spoken
input can be converted to textual (or equivalent) input by speech
engines in either module 50 or native code 55. Similarly, output of
one more network devices may be converted to speech so that the
user can hear the output rather than having to look at a display
device. The in-car sub-network may also be configured to provide
information to the user as a combination of speech and other types
of information (e.g., graphics.)
[0048] Virtual dashboard application 54 is an application that
generates a graphical display similar to a conventional automobile
dashboard. Virtual dashboard application 54 is used in conjunction
with a monitor which is coupled to the in-car sub-network (e.g.,
LCD panel 35 shown in FIG. 2.) The monitor and associated software
may be referred to as a "virtual dashboard" or a "software
dashboard." In one embodiment, the monitor of the virtual dashboard
is mounted directly in front of the vehicle's driver (i.e., where
the speedometer would normally be located.) The graphics generated
by virtual dashboard application 54 may include images of a
speedometer, odometer, fuel gauge and/or other instrumentation. It
should be noted that the graphics generated by virtual dashboard
application 54 define the manner in which the information is
presented (e.g., analog vs. digital readouts, color schemes, etc.)
rather than simply generating a value (e.g., speed) which is then
displayed in a predetermined manner (e.g., two-digit speedometer
display.) The virtual dashboard is therefore distinct from prior
art digital displays.
[0049] Because these graphics are generated by virtual dashboard
application 54, they may be customized in a number of ways. They
may display a particular subset of available information or they
may display the information according to a particular style to
match the vehicle's interior. The graphics generated by virtual
dashboard application 54 may also be customized for different users
so that, when a first person is driving, the information is
displayed in a first arrangement and, when a second person is
driving, the information is displayed in a second arrangement.
These different display modes (corresponding to the different sets
of information or the different styles) can be user-selectable. The
user can select one of the modes using voice commands or by
manually selecting a mode (e.g., by using a touch-sensitive
screen.)
[0050] In other embodiments, similar software applications and
monitors can be used to generate graphics for other equipment such
as console displays, radio controls, air conditioning controls and
the like. Other embodiments may also utilize independent processors
and memories to generate graphics for the monitors rather than
having the graphics generated by an application executing on the
server.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 4, the operation of the in-car sub-network
in connection with a primary network is illustrated. In-car
sub-network 60 is in communication with both land-based proxy
server 61 and internet service provider (ISP) 64. ISP 64 is in turn
connected to the internet and, consequently, all networks connected
thereto (which will be collectively referred to herein as primary
network 62.) Communications between in-car sub-network 60 and
primary network 62 may be routed directly between the two networks
(via ISP 64,) or they may be routed through land-based proxy server
61, depending on the circumstances surrounding the communications.
(It should be noted that, although the proxy server in this
embodiment is land-based, this is not a requirement of the system.
The proxy server is intended provide a communications link to the
primary network which is less likely to be disconnected than the
communication devices of the in-car sub-network.)
[0052] As described above, in-car sub-network 60 may include
several different devices (e.g., a wireless modem) for
communications external to the in-car sub-network. In-car
sub-network 60 can switch between these devices as necessary to
maintain communications. That is, the network is configured to
establish communications using one of the devices and, if at some
point communications using this device are no longer possible, to
switch to another one of the devices and attempt to re-establish
communications using the new device. Because each of these
communication devices has a different IP address associated with
it, some action must be taken to allow devices in the primary
network to properly address packets which are targeted for the
incar sub-network. This can be handled in several different
ways.
[0053] If communications are expected to take place quickly, the
in-car sub-network can operate in a first mode in which it can
communicate directly to the primary network, and the primary
network can respond directly to the in-car sub-network. In other
words, packets originating at the in-car sub-network can be
addressed using the IP address of the target node on the primary
network, and packets originating at the primary network can be
addressed using the IP address of the in-car sub-network (i.e., the
IP address of the currently-used communication device.) Just as
with a typical, land-based network connection, the transmissions
between the in-car sub-network and the primary network are routed
to the internet through the ISP. These direct communications should
be sufficient because, over the short term, the communication
device which is currently being used by the in-car sub-network is
not expected to lose contact with the primary network. Over the
long term, however, it is expected that communications will
occasionally be lost, and that they will subsequently have to be
re-established.
[0054] As an example of a long-term situation, it may be desirable
for the in-car sub-network to have a single email address. Because
of the fact that the in-car sub-network may use several different
IP addresses (each corresponding to a different communication
device,) that email address cannot be associated with an IP address
corresponding to one of the in-car sub-network's communication
devices. In this situation, the system operates in a second mode in
which communications from the primary network to the in-car
sub-network are routed through the land-based proxy server, which
has a single IP address that can be associated with the email
address. The land-based proxy server, which keeps track of the
current IP address of the in-car sub-network, can buffer email
messages (if necessary) and forward them to the in-car sub-network
when the land-based proxy server is in communication with it.
[0055] There may also be situations in which it is desirable to use
a hybrid scheme to communicate between the in-car sub-network and
the primary network. For example, when a device on the in-car
sub-network is retrieving web pages, the communications are
relatively short-term and may proceed directly between the in-car
sub-network and the web site. It may be desirable, however, to
employ some means for transforming the communicated data (e.g., web
pages) to make more efficient use of the bandwidth of the in-car
sub-network (e.g., by removing advertisements or images from some
of the pages.) This function can be performed by the land-based
proxy server. Thus, in a hybrid mode of operation, some of the
communications are direct while others are routed through the
land-based proxy server.
[0056] Whenever the in-car sub-network establishes communications
with the ISP or land-based proxy server, it identifies the IP
address of the currently-used communication device to the landbased
proxy server. When the in-car sub-network becomes disconnected from
the external network (e.g., when the currently-used communication
device loses service,) the land-based proxy server becomes aware of
the fact that the in-car sub-network is disconnected and cannot
receive packets. The land-based proxy server maintains an awareness
of whether the in-car sub-network is connected through periodic
communications between the two. The in-car subnetwork periodically
sends messages to the land-based proxy server in the same manner
that devices renew their "leases" on a Jini-enabled network. It is
further contemplated that the land-based proxy server may
periodically query the in-car sub-network. As explained above, when
the in-car sub-network is not in communication with the land-based
proxy server and primary network, the land-based proxy server may
act as a buffer and store the packets targeted for the in-car
sub-network for later delivery. When the in-car sub-network is able
to re-establish communications through one of its communication
devices, the land-based proxy server identifies the IP address of
the device with which communications were re-established and
delivers the stored packets to the in-car sub-network using this
address.
[0057] It should also be noted that the in-car sub-network can
operate in a third mode in which it can communicate with the
land-based proxy server directly rather than through the ISP. As
indicated above, one embodiment of invention includes a wireless
ethernet communication device. When the in-car sub-network is
within range of the land-based proxy server, a wireless ethernet
connection may be established between the two. When it joins the
land-based proxy server's LAN, the in-car sub-network can
communicate directly to the land-based proxy server on the LAN, or
it can communicate with other networks through the LAN's connection
to the internet. As will be explained in more detail below, the
in-car sub-network can join other networks as well using the
wireless ethernet device.
[0058] In order to make full use of the devices connected to the
in-car sub-network, they must be able to communicate with devices
on other networks. The in-car sub-network's devices must therefore
have IP addresses to which the other devices can send packets.
Several factors, however, make it impractical to assign an IP
address to each device that is connected to the in-car sub-network.
First, there is a large number of devices which may be connected to
the in-car sub-network (it is contemplated that virtually all of a
vehicle's components may in time be configured as network devices,)
and this number must be multiplied by the number of vehicles in
which in-car sub-networks may be installed. Further, as indicated
above, one device which may be connected to an in-car sub-network
is another sub-network (see FIG. 2, item 24.) Thus, the in-car
sub-network, which is a sub-network relative to the primary
network, may in turn have sub-networks connected to it so that
there are networks within networks, within networks (and so on.)
These nested networks are sometimes referred to as fractal networks
because a device on a network may, upon closer examination, itself
be a network (and so on.)
[0059] It is therefore useful to employ a technique known as
network address translation. In network address translation, one
device on a first network serves as a proxy through which devices
on the first network communicate with other networks. To the other
networks, the first network therefore appears to be a single device
(the proxy device.) Relative to the other networks, only one IP
address is needed for the first network because it appears to be a
single device. Although devices on the first network have IP
addresses within the network, packets which are directed outside
the first network are conveyed to the proxy device, which wraps
them in another packet having the IP address which is represented
to the other networks. The first-network IP addresses are
translated to port numbers which are used in the externally
represented IP address. Just as the networks themselves can be
nested within each other, network address translation can be used
recursively to wrap IP addresses within IP addresses (and so
on.)
[0060] As indicated above, the configuration of the vehicle
components as network devices on an in-car sub-network simplifies
installation and removal of the devices, hence re-configuration of
the vehicle. This system thereby makes it possible to remove
outdated components and replace them with new components, even
though the new components may have different features or require
different data or other signals from the vehicle or its components.
Similarly, components which execute associated software, display
data or provide services can be upgraded by downloading new
software, data or services ("upgrade data") to the components
through the in-car sub-network. This software may be quickly and
easily retrieved from sources external to the in-car sub-network,
such as web pages or LANs which can be accessed through the
communication devices on the in-car sub-network. The software can
be retrieved by one device (e.g., a wireless modem,) conveyed
through the network and installed in a second device (e.g., a GPS
locator) as easily as downloading a web page. The system thereby
provides a great deal of flexibility in the hardware and software
configurations of the vehicle. In contrast, prior art systems for
providing in-car services are tightly coupled to the car
manufacturer's choice of hardware and operating system. Changes to
the hardware require substantial time, labor and expense. Changes
to the software require the original software supplier to provide
modified code. The use of Personal Java in the in-car sub-network
provides platform independence and also eliminates a substantial
portion of the labor, time and costs involved in replacing and
upgrading the vehicle's components and functionality.
[0061] In addition to increasing the upgradability of the vehicle,
the in-car sub-network extends the capabilities of individual
components coupled to the network. While network devices are often
configured with their own processors, the in-car sub-network can
eliminate the need for these processors and thereby reduce the cost
of the individual components. Further, devices which may only be
capable of accepting information and displaying that information
may be coupled to the in-car sub-network and allowed to utilize the
processing power of other components on the network. Still further,
devices which are not IP-addressable (or
object-terminology-addressable) in a stand-alone configuration can
appear to be IP-addressable (or object-terminology-addr- essable)
to other devices or networks. (It should be noted that, for the
purposes of this disclosure, devices which appear to be
IP-addressable or object-terminology-addressable are considered to
actually be IP-addressable or object-terminology-addressable,
respectively.)
[0062] As an example, a simple digital display may be configured to
receive a signal defining a value (e.g., the speed of the vehicle)
and to display the digits corresponding to that value. Although
this display may not be capable of querying the vehicle for the
value to be displayed or recognizing packets on the in-car
sub-network which contain the information, a piece of software may
be executed on a server's processor to perform this function. The
software may cause of the server to recognize packets which contain
the appropriate information and redirect this information to the
display, which only needs to receive and display the
information.
[0063] It is contemplated that a component that utilizes the
capabilities of other devices on the network (such as the display)
could include a memory which stores the software which enables the
component to function in this manner and passes it on to the server
when the component is coupled to the network. The memory may
alternately store a location, such as a web site, from which the
server may retrieve the software. The component, which utilizes the
processing power of the server, is enabled to function as a
stand-alone component with its own processor, and is addressed in
the same manner in this the other devices coupled to the in-car
sub-network. The system thereby allows inexpensive components to be
used in place of components which incorporate their own processors
and may be considered prohibitively expensive.
[0064] The operation of the in-car sub-network as a component in an
external network can be illustrated in several examples. In one
scenario, an automobile having an in-car sub-network is driven to a
particular city. In the city, a LAN or MAN (metropolitan area
network) is set up to establish a wireless connection to a
communication device such as a wireless ethernet device. When the
automobile drives within range of the LAN/MAN, a connection is
established between the in-car sub-network and the LAN/MAN. The
in-car sub-network functions as a single IP device coupled to the
LAN/MAN and can retrieve information about the city or otherwise
interact with devices on the LAN/MAN. Although the in-car
sub-network appears to the LAN/MAN as a single device, nodes on the
LAN/MAN can exchange packets with devices within the in-car
sub-network as a result of network address translation which is
being performed within the in-car sub-network.
[0065] In another scenario, a service station may have a wireless
LAN so that a vehicle equipped with a network and wireless
communication device can establish a connection with the LAN as the
vehicle pulls into the station. Once the connection is established,
the in-car sub-network and LAN can function as a single network.
The service station may be configured to request the service
records of the vehicle so that any necessary service may be
performed. If a software maintenance update is required by one of
the components in the vehicle, a server on the LAN may
automatically download this information to the appropriate
component. Alternately, the user of the vehicle may request
information or services. For example, the user may request that
music (e.g., in MP3 format) or videos (e.g., in MPEG-2 format) be
downloaded for the passengers entertainment. The user may also have
information he or she wishes to have printed, in which case the
information could be transmitted to a printer on the service
station's LAN, where it could be picked up by the user.
* * * * *