U.S. patent application number 09/780898 was filed with the patent office on 2001-10-18 for deodorant with small particle zinc oxide.
This patent application is currently assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company. Invention is credited to Brahms, John Carl-Frederick, Gale, Anne Elisabeth Vickery, Hall-Puzio, Patricia Ann.
Application Number | 20010031248 09/780898 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26879319 |
Filed Date | 2001-10-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010031248 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hall-Puzio, Patricia Ann ;
et al. |
October 18, 2001 |
Deodorant with small particle zinc oxide
Abstract
This invention comprises a one-phase cosmetic composition which
can be made as a stick, gel or cream and which has low residue, low
tack and improved fragrance substantivity. The cosmetic
compositions are formed by (a) from 0.5-50 weight percent of a
dimethicone copolyol ester compound soluble in propylene glycol;
(b) from 50-98 weight percent of a gellant/solvent system which
comprises a mixture of; (i) 0.5-4.0 weight percent dibenzylidene
sorbitol; (ii) 0.05-1.0 weight percent of a co-gellant or
structural integrity enhancer; (iii) 0.1-80 weight percent of a
polyhydric alcohol solvent; (c) 0.5-10% of a small particle size
zinc oxide having a particle size in the range of 20 nanometers-200
microns; and (d) 0.1-3.0% fragrance.
Inventors: |
Hall-Puzio, Patricia Ann;
(Succasunna, NJ) ; Gale, Anne Elisabeth Vickery;
(Landing, NJ) ; Brahms, John Carl-Frederick;
(Piscataway, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company
909 River Road
P.O. Box 1343
Piscataway
NJ
08855-1343
US
|
Assignee: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company
|
Family ID: |
26879319 |
Appl. No.: |
09/780898 |
Filed: |
February 9, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60183594 |
Feb 18, 2000 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/65 ; 424/400;
424/401; 424/67 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/27 20130101; B82Y
5/00 20130101; A61K 8/894 20130101; A61Q 15/00 20130101; A61K
8/0229 20130101; A61K 8/042 20130101; A61K 8/498 20130101; A61K
2800/413 20130101; A61K 8/0241 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/65 ; 424/67;
424/400; 424/401 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/32; A61K
007/36; A61K 007/00 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A clear one-phase cosmetic composition formed by combining: (a)
0.5-50 weight percent of a dimethicone copolyol ester compound
soluble in propylene glycol; (b) 50-98 weight percent of a
gellant/solvent system which comprises a mixture of: (i) 0.5-4.0
weight percent dibenzylidene sorbitol; (ii) 0.05-1.0 weight percent
of a co-gellant or structural integrity enhancer; (iii) 0.1-80
weight percent of a solvent selected from the group consisting of
polyhydric alcohols, optionally including up to 50 percent of other
solvents selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate,
diisopropyl sebacate, methyl pyrrolidone, and ethyl alcohol as a
substitute for a portion of the polyhydric alcohol portion; (c)
0.5-10% of a small particle size zinc oxide having a particle size
in the range of 20 nanometers-200 microns; and (d) 0.1-3.0%
fragrance.
2. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 wherein the
dimethicone copolyol esters are those of Formula I: 2wherein each
of R.sup.1-R.sup.9 may be the same or different and are each
independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4
straight chain alkyls, phenyl, and substituted phenyl groups
wherein the substitution is a member selected from the group
consisting of methyl and ethyl; R.sup.10 is selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.20 linear and branched chain alkyls
with or without unsaturations; a is a number in the range of 0-500;
b is a number in the range of 1-100; and x, y and z are each
independently selected to be a number in the range of 0-20,
provided that at least one of x, y, and z is not equal to zero.
3. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, each of R.sup.1-R.sup.9
is methyl.
4. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, R.sup.10 is selected from
the group consisting of C.sub.4-C.sub.18 alkyls.
5. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, R.sup.10 is C.sub.11.
6. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, a is a number in the
range of 0-100.
7. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, a is a number in the
range of 1-20.
8. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, b is a number in the
range of 1-50.
9. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, b is a number in the
range of 1-20.
10. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein for the
dimethicone copolyol esters of Formula I, x, y and z are each
independently selected to be a number in the range of 0-7.
11. A cosmetic composition according to claim 2 wherein the
dimethicone copolyol ester of Formula I is a member of the group
consisting of those esters of Formula I defined as: (a) linear
polydimethylsiloxane where a=10, b=4, x=7, y=z=0,
R.sup.10=C.sub.11; (b) linear polydimethylsiloxane where a=10, b=4,
x=3, y=2, z=4, and R.sup.10=C.sub.11; (c) linear
polydimethylsiloxane where a=10, b=4, x=4, y=2, z=3,
R.sup.10=C.sub.11; (d) linear polydimethylsiloxane where a=25,
b=10, x=z=0, y=6, and R.sup.10=C.sub.11-17; (e) mixtures of the
particular compounds described in parts (a)-(d), and (f) two
component mixtures of the particular compounds described in parts
(a)-(d) wherein one component is 0.1-99.9% of the composition and
the other component is the remainder to 100%.
12. A cosmetic composition according to claim 11 wherein each of
R.sup.1-R.sup.9 is methyl.
13. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 wherein the
co-gellant or structural integrity enhancer is selected from the
group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose, alkyl ester
thickeners, fumed silica, and an hydroxy C.sub.3-C.sub.4 alkyl guar
having a level of hydroxyalkylation of 0.4-1.5 molar
substitution.
14. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 wherein the small
particle size zinc oxide is either treated or untreated.
15. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 wherein the small
particle size zinc oxide is selected from the group consisting of
non-hydrophobically treated zinc oxides.
16. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 wherein the small
particle size zinc oxide has an average particle size in the range
of 0.01-200 microns.
17. A cosmetic composition according to claim 16 wherein the small
particle size zinc oxide has an average particle size in the range
of 0.01-100 microns.
18. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 wherein the small
particle size zinc oxide has an average particle size in the range
of 40-80 nanometers.
19. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 wherein the
polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of
propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,
tetrapropylene glycol, PPG-10 butane diol, 1,3-butane diol, PEG-6,
PPG-425, 2-methyl-1,3-propane diol, and mixtures of the
foregoing.
20. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 which is made by
combining in percent by weight based on the total weight of the
composition: (a) 0.5-10% of at least one dimethicone copolyol
ester; (b) 25-70% of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group
consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene
glycol, tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof; (c) 1.5-4%
dibenzylidene sorbitol; (d) 2.5-7% zinc oxide with a particle size
of 40-60 nanometers; (e) 1-2% fragrance; and (f) 0.5-10% of an
emollient component.
21. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 which is made by
combining in percent by weight based on the total weight of the
composition: (a) 1.0-8% of at least one dimethicone copolyol ester;
(b) 25-70% of a polyhydric alcohol component comprised of at least
two polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of
propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,
tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof; (c) 1.5-3%
dibenzylidene sorbitol; (d) 2.5-3.0% zinc oxide with a particle
size of 40-60 nanometers; (e) 1-2% fragrance; and (f) 0.5-10% of an
emollient component.
22. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 which is made by
combining in percent by weight based on the total weight of the
composition: (a) 1-20% of at least one dimethicone copolyol ester;
(b) 40-80% of a polyhydric alcohol component comprised of at least
two polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of
propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,
tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof; (c) 1.5-3%
dibenzylidene sorbitol; (d) 2.5-7% zinc oxide with a particle size
of 40-60 nanometers; (e) 1-2% fragrance; and (f) 0.5-10% of an
emollient component.
23. A cosmetic composition according to claim 1 which is made by
combining in percent by weight based on the total weight of the
composition: (a) 0.5-5% of at lest one dimethicone copolyol ester;
(b) 40-80% of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group
consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene
glycol, tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof; (c) 1.5-4%
dibenzylidene sorbitol; (d) 2.5-7% zinc oxide with a particle size
of 40-60 nanometers; (e) 1-2% fragrance; and (f) 0.5-10% of an
emollient component.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to low residue deodorants in the form
of solid sticks or gels, which are based on dibenzilidene sorbitol
(DBS) as a gellant and a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene
glycol (PG) as a solvent in combination with a selected dimethicone
copolyol ester soluble in propylene glycol (PG). This invention
relates to the use of these materials as anti-tack agents in
combination with micronized zinc oxide and fragrance in deodorants
formulations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Dibenzylidene sorbitol (also called dibenzaldehyde
monosorbitol acetal, or dibenzyl monosorbitol acetal or
dibenzylidene monosorbitol acetal) and derivatives thereof (such as
those which are substituted on one or both of the aromatic rings
with a fluorine or methoxy group and those which have the sorbitol
portion replaced with other reduced sugars such as xylitol or
ribitol as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,609,855 assigned to Procter
& Gamble) (collectively referred to as dibenzylidene sorbitol
or "DBS") may be used in various food and cosmetic applications.
For cosmetic uses the more interesting ones are those focused on
obtaining a translucent or clear product. While dibenzylidene
sorbitol is stable in alkaline or neutral media, such compounds are
not stable in acidic media. In an acidic environment, such as in
the presence of acidic antiperspirant materials, and in the
presence of even small amounts of water, the dibenzylidene sorbitol
deteriorates and breaks down. Also, the use of DBS sometimes causes
problems in the aesthetics of cosmetic products or problems with
structural properties. Accordingly, there is a need to find a way
to form products containing DBS which are stable and which have
acceptable aesthetics.
[0003] The use of DBS in an antiperspirant formulation requires the
inclusion of polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol as a
solvent if a clear, transparent product is desired. The high
propylene glycol content, when combined with aluminum salts which
are included in antiperspirant compositions for wetness control,
contribute to undesirable tackiness or a sticky feel for these
products when applied to the axilla region of the body. Clear
antiperspirant sticks were first formulated with DBS in the late
1970's. Since then there have been continued technical efforts to
reduce the negative sensory attributes. Some of these efforts have
focused on alternative solvents to replace a portion of the
propylene glycol with organic esters known in the art as
emollients. This creates a further problem since many of these
emollients are either unsafe for personal care products or do not
achieve acceptable aesthetics.
[0004] For formulating personal care products the incorporation of
silicone fluids is known in the art. Silicone fluids such as
cyclosiloxanes (for example, DOW CORNING.RTM. 244 and 245 Fluids)
are used in some major commercial products. Silicone fluids are
used because of their low tackiness, superior glide and skin-feel
properties. However, silicone fluids are difficult to introduce
into DBS based cosmetic stick products such as antiperspirants
because they are not good solvents for DBS and they are not readily
compatible with propylene glycol and many organic esters or
emollients.
[0005] Some of the efforts to overcome these problems are described
as follows. For example, some efforts have focused on the stability
of DBS. United Kingdom Pat. No. GB 2 280 111 assigned to Union Camp
Corporation, describes a gel stick composition comprising a
dihydric alcohol as a primary solvent, a co-solvent such as low
molecular weight polyethylene glycol, water and/or glycerine, a
buffering agent and DBS as a gelling agent.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 4,720,381 to Schamper et al notes stability
problems with this approach and itself describes the use of
solvents having less reactive hydroxy groups or alcohols with
selected chain lengths in a DBS composition.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,261 to Luebbe et al describes stable
deodorant gel stick compositions comprising DBS with a polar
solvent and a coupling agent such as polypropylene glycol ethers of
fatty alcohols.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,602 to Sabatelli teaches the use of
dimethicone copolyols and volatile silicones in clear DBS-based
sticks.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,405,605 to Shin teaches anhydrous clear
antiperspirant sticks substantially free of lower monohydroxy
alcohols which sticks contain dibenzilidene monosorbitol with weak
basic organic nitrogen containing compounds as a stabilizing
agent.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 4,518,582 to Schamper, et al discloses an
antiperspirant stick composition containing dibenzyl monosorbitol
acetal in the presence of acidic antiperspirant-active salts, which
composition is stable for extended periods of time at elevated
temperatures. The composition contains at least a reactive solvent
(such as water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, ethylene glycol,
1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, etc.), dibenzyl
monosorbitol acetal, an antiperspirant-active compound, and a gel
stabilizer such as magnesium sulfate, zinc acetate and mixtures
thereof. This patent discloses that the stabilizer prevents or
retards deterioration of the gelled sticks, especially when exposed
to elevated temperatures.
[0011] Another patent disclosing stabilizers for solid gel
antiperspirant sticks containing an acidic antiperspirant-active
compound in the presence of dibenzyl monosorbitol acetal is U.S.
Pat. No. 4,719,102 to Randhawa, et al. This patent discloses that
the sticks include a solvent which is a small, polar organic
compound such as cyclic esters, amides, amines, ketones, ureas,
carbamates, sulfoxides and sulfones, and their open chain analogs;
a cosolvent such as primary or low molecular weight alcohols and/or
glycols; dibenzyl monosorbitol acetal; an antiperspirant-active
compound; and a gel stabilizer such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl) fatty
(C.sub.8-C.sub.20) acid amides, magnesium sulfate, zinc acetate,
acetamide monoethanol amine and hexamethylenetetramine, and
mixtures thereof.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,835 to Schamper, et al discloses
antiperspirant gel stick compositions gelled with dibenzyl
monosorbitol acetal and containing an acidic antiperspirant
compound as well as a stabilizer such as 1% or less of zinc oxide
for the gel. This patent teaches that the compositions include a
solvent which is a small, polar organic compound, as discussed
previously in connection with U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,102; dibenzyl
monosorbitol acetal; an antiperspirant-active compound; and a gel
stabilizer such as zinc oxide, calcium acetate, magnesium oxide,
calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, sodium
carbonate, zinc carbonate and potassium carbonate. The basic
metallic salt gel stabilizers are said to stabilize the gel, even
at high temperatures. U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,291 to Park et al also
teaches low levels of zinc oxide as a stabilizer for DBS systems.
The use of zinc oxide as a stabilizer is believed to be needed
because of the presence of the antiperspirant active.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 5,490,979 to Kasat et al describes a clear DBS
stick comprising guanidine carbonate as the buffer and which is
made by a unique processing method.
[0014] Other patent documents also disclose antiperspirant sticks
gelled with dibenzylidene sorbitol and include stabilizers for the
gel. EP Application No. 451 002 A2 discloses a stable,
substantially anhydrous and substantially lower monohydric alcohol
free, transparent, gelled, antiperspirant composition gelled by
dibenzylidene monosorbitol acetal, containing acidic
antiperspirants, and utilizing dihydric alcohols containing 3 to 6
carbon atoms as solvents, with the acetal being stabilized against
hydrolysis and the formation of benzaldehyde by the presence of a
stabilizing amount of a selected organic base, the organic base
being a weakly basic, nitrogen-containing, organic compound. EP
Application No. 512 770 A1 l discloses a stable, substantially
anhydrous and substantially lower aliphatic monohydroxy alcohol
free cosmetic composition gelled by dibenzylidene monosorbitol
acetal, and containing acidic antiperspirant compounds and
utilizing dihydroxy aliphatic alcohols containing 3-6 carbon atoms
as solvents, wherein the dibenzylidene monosorbitol acetal gelling
agent is stabilized against hydrolysis and the formation of
benzaldehyde by the presence of a stabilizing amount of a selected
inorganic base, the inorganic base including alkali and alkaline
earth metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates, and
trivalent metallic hydroxides. PCT No. WO 92/19221 discloses solid
antiperspirant compositions in gel stick form, having an acid pH,
and including (1) an antiperspirant active; (2) a gelling agent
selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted
dibenzylidene alditols; (3) a solvent for the gelling agent,
preferably including a solvent material selected from the group
consisting of monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, and mixtures
thereof; and (4) a gelling agent stabilizer, the stabilizer being a
basic metallic salt of an acid having a pKa of from about 3.8 to
about 6.5 at 25 degrees C., the salt being at least partially
soluble in the composition and being selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.4-C.sub.6 dicarboxylate salts, C.sub.6-C.sub.8
monocarboxylate salts, and substituted or unsubstituted benzoate
salts, and mixtures thereof, the gelling agent stabilizer not
containing amino or amido functionalities. It is stated that for
clear or translucent sticks, the gelling agent stabilizer present
in the composition should be fully soluble in the composition, in
order to minimize refraction of light.
[0015] The foregoing patent documents also disclose methods for
forming the disclosed antiperspirant stick compositions containing
the antiperspirant materials and gelling agent. In particular,
attention is directed to U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,102 and No. 4,722,835.
Each of these patents discloses processes of forming the stick
compositions, including dissolving the antiperspirant active in one
phase and the dibenzyl monosorbitol acetal gellant in another
phase. The two phases are then combined and poured into a mold or
into the final package. The other components are added to either of
the two phases depending on the compatibility of the component with
the phases. More phases can be utilized, if desired, by forming a
separate solution of some of the components, with the separate
phases then being added to either of the two main phases; or all of
the phases could be poured together at the end, as, for example,
with a multi-stream filling head or an in-line mixer.
[0016] There have also been efforts to develop DBS compositions to
improve the aesthetics and/or mechanical properties while not
sacrificing stability. U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,097 to Roehl discloses a
solid translucent gelled antiperspirant composition comprising DBS
with an oleaginous compound (such as selected siloxanes, selected
esters with an aliphatic character and branched chain hydrocarbons)
to reduce stickiness. U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,846 to Vu et al describes
a clear gel cosmetic stick which includes a liquid vehicle, an
antiperspirant salt dissolved in the liquid vehicle, DBS and one or
both of hydroxypropyl cellulose and a chelating agent. The
hydroxypropyl cellulose maintains the hardness of the stick. U.S.
Pat. No. 5,895,644 to Albanese et al describes a clear gel cosmetic
stick which includes a liquid vehicle, an antiperspirant salt
dissolved in the liquid vehicle, DBS and the use of selected
guars.
[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,721 to Beck et al describes the use of
particulate cellulose ether polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose
in antiperspirant compositions which are substantially free of
polar solvents.
[0018] European Patent 0 260 030 B1 assigned to Unilever N.V.
describes a transparent deodorant stick containing DBS and a
thickening agent such as a chemically modified cellulose,
polyacrylic acid, and/or polyacrylic acid copolymers and mixtures
of the foregoing.
[0019] U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,602 to Sabatelli describes cosmetic
compositions such as deodorant and antiperspirant sticks comprising
(a) water-soluble active; (b) dimethicone copolyol; (c) volatile
silicone oil; (d) propylene glycol; (e) C2-C4 monohydric alcohol;
(f) water; (g) solidifying agent (such as soap type gel forming
agents and DBS); and (h) coupling agent (such as C6-C22 fatty
alcohols and propylene glycol ethers of C4-C22 fatty alcohols).
[0020] U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,430 teaches a clear or translucent
cosmetic stick containing an acidic material (such as
antiperspirant salts) and a reactive solvent (for example, various
propylene glycols) using DBS as the gelling agent and an
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide as the stabilizing agent.
[0021] U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,382 to Kasprzak describes a method of
making stable emulsified personal care products which includes the
steps of (i) forming an anhydrous silicone mixture having a
silicone oil or silicone gum with two silicone oxyalkylene
copolymers; (ii) forming an aqueous based pre-emulsified personal
care product; and (iii) adding the anhydrous silicone mixture
directly to the pre-emulsified personal care product without
further emulsification.
[0022] U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,519 to Wolf et al describes a
cosmetically acceptable composition with keratolytic activity which
composition includes a carrier molecule having at least one
hydroxyl or amino group.
[0023] U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,986 to Shevade et al describes a low
residue antiperspirant solid stick containing an antiperspirant
active, volatile and nonvolatile silicone materials, dimethicone
copolyol and high-melting point and low-melting point waxes.
[0024] As described above, it is well known in the art that
silicone containing compounds impart good aesthetic characteristics
to personal care products. These characteristics include lubricity
(glide), conditioning, dry feel and low tack. The addition of a
silicone material to a DBS/PG formulation is not easy because of
the insolubility of the usual silicone ingredients (for example,
cyclomethicone or dimethicone) in propylene glycol.
[0025] A recent attempt to incorporate silicone has been published
in U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,720 to Albanese et al, where a
functionalized silicone was found to provide the good
characteristics mentioned above. This technology involves two
phases since the silanol used is not soluble in PG. Also, in order
to be clear the two phases need to have the same or closely matched
refractive indices (RI).
[0026] Other references of interest include U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,835
to Schamper et al; Zombeck, A., "Novel Formulations Based on
Nonaqueous Emulsions of Polyols in Silicones" (Paper presented at
the 19.sup.th IFSCC Congress, Sydney, Oct. 22-25, 1996); and
Schamper, T., et al, "Acid Stable Dibenzylidene Sorbitol Gelled
Clear Antiperspirant Systems", J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem.,
[0027] Vol. 37, pages 225-231 (July/August 1986); Smith, J. M., et
al, J. Mater. Chem., 5(11): 1899-1903 (1995).
[0028] With reference to zinc oxide, two PCT cases, WO 99/59538 and
99/59539 to The Boots Company PLC, describe compositions having
high surface area zinc oxide having a particle size of 0.1-200
microns, which compositions can be used for absorbing sweat and
other body liquids or bad breath and body odor, respectively. U.S.
Pat. No. 5,122,418 to Shiseido Company Ltd. Teaches a composite
powder made with a resin and a coating of, for example, zinc oxide
having a particle size of 0.01-1 micron. These powders can be used
in deodorants. An example of a hydrophobically treated zinc oxide
that is not useful in this invention is described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,486,631 to Siltech, Inc. In view of these references, it is
surprising that the fragrance substantivity of the compositions of
the present invention is enhanced with the use of formulations that
contain the zinc oxide component described below.
[0029] There still remains a need, however, to develop cosmetic
products made with DBS which are translucent, made as a one phase
system, and which provide reduced tack and enhanced fragrance
substantivity in the final cosmetic product. Thus, it is an object
of the present invention to provide a cosmetic composition which
comprises DBS and which provides reduced tack when applied to the
skin. It is a further object of the invention to provide cosmetic
compositions containing DBS which can be used to form deodorants
which are translucent, one phase systems with a silicone compound
soluble in propylene glycol. It is yet another object of the
invention to provide cosmetic compositions, which enhance the
compatibility of DBS in propylene glycol systems that also contain
silicone compounds. These and other objects of the invention will
be apparent from the following description of the invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0030] This invention comprises a one-phase cosmetic composition,
especially a deodorant, which is a stick, gel or cream and which
has low tack, low residue and improved fragrance substantivity. The
cosmetic compositions are formed by combining the components
described below to form a one phase system. These components, all
listed in weight percent based on the total weight of the
composition, are:
[0031] (a) 0.5-50 weight percent of a dimethicone copolyol ester
compound soluble in propylene glycol;
[0032] (b) 50-98 weight percent of a gellant/solvent system which
comprises a mixture of:
[0033] (i) 0.5-4.0 weight percent dibenzylidene sorbitol;
[0034] (ii) 0.05-1.0 weight percent of a co-gellant or structural
integrity enhancer;
[0035] (iii) 0.1-80 weight percent of a solvent selected from the
group consisting of polyhydric alcohols for example, propylene
glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and tetrapropylene
glycol, PPG-10 butane diol, 1,3-butane diol, PEG-6, PPG-425,
2-methyl-1,3-propane diol ("MP Diol") and mixtures thereof,
optionally including up to 50 percent of other solvents selected
from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, diisopropyl
sebacate, methyl pyrrolidone, and ethyl alcohol as a substitute for
a portion of the polyhydric alcohol component;
[0036] (c) 0.5-10% (particularly 0.5-7.0, and more particularly
0.5-5.0%) of a small particle size zinc oxide, particularly a
micronized zinc oxide or a nanoparticle size zinc oxide having a
particle size in the range of 20 nanometers-200 microns;
[0037] (d) 0.1-3.0% fragrance; and
[0038] (e) optionally one or more members selected from the group
consisting of at least one additional member selected from the
group consisting of silicone material; emollients, bacteriostats,
coloring agents, etc.
[0039] The compositions of this invention are made by combining the
components described above in a one phase system to form a gelled
composition which may be in the form of a stick, cream or gel. In
accordance with the present invention these sticks, creams and gels
can be made by combining the materials listed above using
conventional mixing techniques.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0040] The following and more particular description of the
invention more fully explains the cosmetic compositions that can be
made.
[0041] The dimethicone copolyol esters useful in this invention are
those of Formula I: 1
[0042] wherein each of R.sup.1-R.sup.9 may be the same or different
and are each independently selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight chain alkyls (especially methyl) phenyl,
and substituted phenyl groups wherein the substitution is a member
selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl;
[0043] R.sup.10 is selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 linear and branched chain alkyls particularly
C.sub.4-C.sub.18 alkyls, more particularly C.sub.8-C.sub.16 alkyls
and especially linear C.sub.11 (laurate), all with or without
unsaturations;
[0044] a is a number in the range of 0-500, particularly 0-100,
more particularly 1-20, and even more particularly 5-15;
[0045] b is a number in the range of 1-100, particularly 1 -50,
more particularly 1 -20, and even more particularly 2-6;
[0046] x, y and z are each independently selected to be a number in
the range of 0-20, with particular values of x, y, z each being in
the range of 0-7, provided that at least one of x, y, and z is not
equal to zero. It is to be recognized that a, b, x, y and z are
average values (including whole numbers and fractions) and mixtures
of compounds with each compound having different values for a, b,
R.sup.1-R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 may also be used.
[0047] In one particular set of compounds of Formula I, none of x,
y, or z have a value of zero and each value of x, y, and z has an
average value independently selected from the values 2, 3, and
4.
[0048] Specific examples of compounds of Formula I include:
[0049] (a) linear polydimethylsiloxane where a=10, b=4, x=7, y=z=0,
R.sup.10=C.sub.11;
[0050] (b) linear polydimethylsiloxane where a=10, b=4, x=3, y=2,
z=4, and R.sup.10=C.sub.11;
[0051] (c) linear polydimethylsiloxane where a=10, b=4, x=4, y=2,
z=3, R.sup.10=C.sub.11;
[0052] (d) linear polydimethylsiloxane where a=25, b=10, x=z=0,
y=6, and R.sup.10=C.sub.11-17;
[0053] (e) mixtures of the particular compounds described in parts
(a)-(d), and (f) two component mixtures of the particular compounds
described in parts (a)-(d) wherein one component is 0.1-99.9% of
the composition and the other component is the remainder to
100%.
[0054] For each of the groups listed as (a)-(d) above, particular
examples of the compounds are when each of the R groups
(R.sup.1-R.sup.9) is selected to be methyl.
[0055] For any of the groups (a)-(d), one or more additional
silicone fluids may be added, for example in amounts of 0.1-50%.
Such additional fluids may be selected from the group consisting of
(1) polyalkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxanes (for example,
products sold under the designations SILWET L-7600, SILWET L-7605,
SILWET L-7657); (2) dimethicone copolyols (for example, products
sold under the designations SILWET L-7200, SILWET L-7644); and (3)
dimethicone copolyol methyl ether (for example, a product sold
under the designation SILWET L-7087), where such SILWET products
are available from Witco, located in West Virginia.
[0056] For the compounds of Formula I to be used with this
invention, some of the compounds of Formula I may be obtained from
commercial sources and others are described in the literature. A
description of selected dimethicone copolyol esters and methods of
making such esters used in this invention may be found in the
literature, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,136,063 assigned to
Siltech Inc., which is incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety. While this family of compounds is generally named
dimethicone copolyol esters, other names for these compounds are
silicone fatty esters, silicone waxes. Trade names for such
compounds of Formula I include the SILWAX WSL series and are
commercially available from Lambent Inc., Norcross, Ga. As noted
above, compounds of Formula I can be used with or without
additional silicone compounds.
[0057] The co-gellant or structural integrity enhancer is selected
from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose, alkyl ester
thickeners (for example, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate
called CROTHIX.RTM. from Croda Chemicals, Parsippany, N.J.), fumed
silica (for example, Cab-O-Sil.RTM., from Cabot, Flemington, N.J.
Aerosil.RTM. from DeGussa, Ridgefield Park, N.J.), waxes such as
alkyl methylsiloxanes (for example, AMS-30 (C30-C45 alkyl methicone
available from DOW CORNING CORPORATION, Midland, Mich.), selected
guars such as an hydroxy C.sub.3-C.sub.4 alkyl guar having a level
of hydroxyalkylation of 0.4-1.5 molar substitution as described in
U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,644. Hydroxypropyl cellulose may be used in an
amount of 0.05-1.0% by weight based on the total weight of the
composition. Other co-gellants may be used in similar amounts, that
is, in the range of 0.05-2.0% by weight based on the entire weight
of the composition.
[0058] Various types of zinc oxide which have small particle sizes
can be used in this invention, including treated and non-treated
zinc oxide, especially non-hydrophobically treated zinc oxides can
be used. One type of zinc oxide is denominated "micronized" and may
have a particle size in the range of 0.01-200 microns, especially
in the range of 0.01-100 microns. Another type of zinc oxide is
characterized as being in the "nanoparticle range" with an example
being NANOX.TM. nano-sized zinc oxide (untreated) from Rheox Inc.
(Hightstown, N.J.) and Elementis Specialties (Gent, Belgium). This
product has an average particle size of about 60 nanometers with
more expansive range being 40-60 or 40-80 nanometers. If treated
zinc oxides are used, a pre-mix with a suitable compatibilizing
agent should be formed such as using SILWAX materials with a
hydrophobically treated zinc oxide.
[0059] Known antimicrobials and bacteriostats include
bacteriostatic quaternary ammonium compounds such as
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide,
cetyl pyridinium chloride, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether
(Triclosan), N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea
(Triclocarban) and various zinc salts (for example, zinc
ricinoleate). The antimicrobial or bacteriostat can,
illustratively, be included in the composition in an amount of
0.01-1.0% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.
Triclosan, can illustratively be included in an amount of from
0.01% to about 0.5% by weight, of the total weight of the
composition.
[0060] Other components used to make the compositions of the
invention is the remainder and portion comprising one or more of
the following optional ingredients: water, ethanol, emollients,
fragrances, and coloring agents.
[0061] Emollients useful in this invention (also denominated as
"emollient component" here to include a single emollient as well as
a mixture of emollients) may be selected from the group consisting
of emollient oils such as a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons which
are liquids at ambient temperatures (such as petroleum distillates
and light mineral oils), mineral oil, peanut oil, sesame oil,
avocado oil, coconut oil, cocoa butter, almond oil, safflower oil,
corn oil, cotton seed oil, castor oil, olive oil, jojoba oil,
paraffin oil, cod liver oil, palm oil, soybean oil, wheat germ oil,
linseed oil, and sunflower seed oil; fatty acid esters such as
isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate,
isopropyl isostearate, butyl stearate, octyl stearate, hexyl
laurate, cetyl stearate, diisopropyl adipate, isodecyl oleate,
diisopropyl sebacate, isostearyl lactate and lauryl lactate; fatty
acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic,
and behenic, acid; fatty alcohols such as lauryl, myristyl, cetyl,
isocetyl, stearyl, isostearyl, oleyl, ricinoleyl, erucyl, and
2-octyl dodecanol, alcohols; lanolin and its derivatives such as
lanolin, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, lanolin alcohols, lanolin fatty
acids, isopropyl lanolate, ethoxylated lanolin, and acetylated
lanolin alcohols such as ACETULAN.RTM., a trademark and product of
Amerchol Corporation, Edison, N.J.; and hydrocarbons such as
petrolatum and squalene.
[0062] Particular emollients or emollient component may be selected
to reduce wetness. Such emollients may be used to replace all or
part of the normally used polyalkylene glycol monobutyl ether.
These additional emollients include one or more members from the
group consisting of di-n-heptanoylneopentalene glycol ("DNPG"),
diisopropyl adipate (also known as bis(1-methylethyl)
hexanedioate); dimethicone copolyol wax (for example Dow Coming DC
2501, from Dow Coming Corporation, Midland, Mich.); tetradecyl
2,2-dimethyl propanoate (also called myristyl neopentanoate (for
example, DERMOL 145 from Alzo International Inc., Sayreville,
N.J.); polyoxypropylene-3-myristyl ether (Promyristyl PM3);
polyalkylene glycol monobutyl ether (UCON lubricant 50 HB 100); and
(bis(1-methylethyl) hexanedioate (DERMOL DIA). A particular
combination of emollients includes polyoxypropylene-3-myristyl
ether (Promyristyl PM3); polyalkylene glycol monobutyl ether (UCON
lubricant 50 HB 100); and (bis(1-methylethyl) hexanedioate (DERMOL
DIA). These emollients may be used in amounts of 0.1-5% to give a
total emollient (also referred to as emollient component) addition
level of 0.5-10% (total emollient being the polyalkylene glycol
monobutyl ether and this additional emollient component, which
itself may be one or more of the additional emollients listed
here).
[0063] A desired feature of the present invention is that a
translucent cosmetic composition can be provided. The term
"translucent composition", although allowing light to pass through,
causes the light to be scattered so that it will be impossible to
see clearly objects behind the translucent composition. An opaque
composition does not allow light to pass through. Within the
context of the present invention, a gel, cream or stick is deemed
to be translucent if the maximum transmittance of such light
through the sample is between 2% and less than 35%. A gel, cream or
stick is deemed opaque if the maximum transmittance of light is
less than 2%. The transmittance can be measured by placing a sample
of the aforementioned thickness into a light beam of a
spectro-photometer whose working range includes the visible
spectrum, such as a Bausch & Lomb Spectronic 88
Spectrophotometer. As to this definition of clear, see European
Patent Application No. 291 334 A2. Thus, according to the present
invention, there are differences between transparent (clear),
translucent and opaque compositions.
[0064] Particular embodiments of the invention which may be used
are sticks having formulations which are at least translucent.
[0065] Because of the chemical instability of DBS in the presence
of water in low pH media, it is preferred that formulations be
essentially anhydrous and contain sufficient buffering agents to
keep the pH in the range of 4.0-5.0, however, this is not required
and the composition can contain up to 20% water.
[0066] Particular compositions according to the present invention
include those made by combining in percent by weight based on the
total weight of the composition:
[0067] (a) 0.5-10% (for example, 0.5-2%) of the dimethicone
copolyol esters;
[0068] (b) 25-70% of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group
consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene
glycol, tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof;
[0069] (c) 1.5-4% (for example 1.65-3%) dibenzylidene sorbitol;
[0070] (d) 2.5-7% zinc oxide with a particle size of 40-60
nanometers;
[0071] (e) 1-2% fragrance; and
[0072] (f) 0.5-10% of an emollient component (one or more
emollients).
[0073] A second particular embodiment includes:
[0074] (a) 1.0-8% (for example 1-3%) of the dimethicone copolyol
esters;
[0075] (b) 25-70% of a polyhydric alcohol component comprised of at
least two polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of
propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,
tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof;
[0076] (c) 1.5-3% (for example 1.65-1.9%) dibenzylidene
sorbitol;
[0077] (d) 2.5-3.0% zinc oxide with a particle size of 40-60
nanometers;
[0078] (e) 1-2% fragrance; and
[0079] (f) 0.5-10% of an emollient component (one or more
emollients).
[0080] A third particular embodiment includes:
[0081] (a) 1-20% (for example, 1-15%) of the dimethicone copolyol
esters;
[0082] (b) 40-80% of a polyhydric alcohol component comprised of at
least two polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of
propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,
tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof;
[0083] (c) 1.5-3% (for example 1.65-1.9%) dibenzylidene
sorbitol;
[0084] (d) 2.5-7% (for example 2.5-5.0%) zinc oxide with a particle
size of 40-60 nanometers;
[0085] (e) 1-2% fragrance; and
[0086] (f) 0.5-10% of an emollient component (one or more
emollients).
[0087] A fourth particular embodiment includes:
[0088] (a) 0.5-5% of the dimethicone copolyol esters;
[0089] (b) 40-80% of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group
consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene
glycol, tetrapropylene glycol and mixtures thereof;
[0090] (c) 1.5-4% (for example, 1.65-3%) dibenzylidene
sorbitol;
[0091] (d) 2.5-7% (for example 2.5-5.0%) zinc oxide with a particle
size of 40-60 nanometers;
[0092] (e) 1-2% fragrance; and
[0093] (f) 0.5-10% of an emollient component (one or more
emollients).
[0094] Any of the foregoing formulations can also be made with
1.65-1.9% by weight dibenzylidene sorbitol.
[0095] Particular compositions can also be made with any of the
foregoing formulations wherein the zinc oxide is selected from:
[0096] (a) zinc oxide having a particle size in the range of 40-80
nanometers;
[0097] (b) zinc oxide having a particle size in the range of 1-70
microns;
[0098] (c) zinc oxide having a particle size in the range of 80-100
nanometers;
[0099] (d) zinc oxide having a particle size in the range of
100-1,000 nanometers.
[0100] The ingredients described for the invention can be combined
by conventional techniques, it being understood that gels use lower
amounts of gelling agents than sticks. If a cream is desired, the
processing is the same as with a stick or gel but without the
heating.
[0101] Throughout the present specification, where compositions are
described as including or comprising specific components or
materials, or where methods are described as including or
comprising specific steps, it is contemplated by the inventors that
the compositions of the present invention also consist essentially
of, or consist of, the recited components or materials, and also
consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited steps.
Accordingly, throughout the present disclosure any described
composition of the present invention can consist essentially of, or
consist of, the recited components or materials, and any described
method of the present invention can consist essentially of, or
consist of, the recited steps.
[0102] As noted above, the compositions of the present invention
have less tack than conventional cosmetic sticks. Tack can be
evaluated by various techniques including the Forearm Flex
Test.
[0103] Forearm Flex Test--In this test the administrator first
over-wraps the test products to hide their identity from the
panelists and then gives each sample a code number to hide their
identity from the statistician who will analyze the data. These
precautions are done to avoid bias of the panelists and the test
evaluators. Next, one of two products is applied to one arm at the
crease of the elbow and the second product is applied to the same
area of the other arm. The two products are applied in a similar
manner. Product application is done by either counting the number
of strokes or by weighing the products to be tested before and
after. Products are applied in random fashion to eliminate
left-handed or right-handed biases. The ambient room temperature
and humidity are recorded. Using the same control product for every
test allows for a comparison between test results for various
experimental formulations. The panelists evaluate the tested
products for several aesthetic attributes including, but not
limited to, wetness, oily/greasy feel, glide, and, most
importantly, tackiness/stickiness. The panelists evaluate initial
tackiness immediately after a product application and repeatedly at
predetermined time intervals for an overall time of 90 minutes. The
assessment of tack is made by flexing the arm and judging the
adherent forces between contacted skin surfaces. A scale of 1 to 7
is used by each panelist with 1=Not Tacky and 7=Extremely Tacky.
The collected data is used to generate a "Tack Profile" which is a
plot of Tackiness versus Time. Data analysis using a statistical
software package called JMP from SAS Institute (Cary, N.C.) permits
identification of products, which are significantly different from
the Control sample. The Control is selected to be a competitive
benchmark currently in the marketplace, which represents what is
believed to be the best commercially available standard. In
addition to an analysis of product performance at specific time
periods, the performance of the tested sample throughout the 90
minute test period can be made by calculating the area under each
curve in the Tack Profile graph and comparing the differences.
[0104] The following Examples are given as illustrative of the
invention but other modifications may be made by those skilled in
the art which are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise noted all amounts are in weight percents. All
chemical symbols and scientific abbreviations have their usual and
customary meanings and all temperatures are in degrees C. It will
also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that preheating of
ingredients was done as needed to ensure good mixing.
EXAMPLE 1
[0105] As a general procedure for making deodorant sticks, the
following procedure can be used. Propylene glycol is weighed out
into a main container. Hydroxypropyl cellulose is weighed out and
sprinkled into the main container with mixing at room temperature.
Mixing is continued for 10 minutes with high speed stirring but no
splashing. Tripropylene glycol and a dimethicone copolyol ester
(SILWAX WSL) are each weighed out and each added to the main
mixture. The DBS is weighed out and gradually added to the mixture
with mixing. Mixing is continued at room temperature for 10 minutes
with high speed stirring but no splashing. The mixture is heated to
a temperature of 110-115 degrees C. with continued mixing until the
solution is clear and bright. A suspension of the zinc oxide
propylene glycol is made as a separate pre-mix. The zinc oxide
pre-mix is heated to a temperature of at least 90 degrees C.
Stearyl alcohol is weighed out and added to the main mixture once
the mixture is clear. Note that if DC 2501 is used as an emollient,
preheating of this material is done to melt it first before
addition to the mixture. Mixing is continued until the solution is
again clear. The emollient is weighed out, added to the main batch,
and mixing is continued until the solution is clear. The batch is
cooled to 100 degrees C. The zinc oxide pre-mix is slowly added to
the batch and mixed until the mixture is uniform. Fragrance is
added to the main batch and the mixture is quickly cooled to 90-92
degrees C. The mixture is then quickly poured into the appropriate
containers, for example, containers having dimensions of 3 cm
(width at widest part of oval).times.6 cm (length of base).times.10
cm (height). If an emollient is added to the main batch shortly
after the stearyl alcohol addition, the temperature drops close to
100 degrees C., so a slight adjustment may be needed to maintain
the temperature at 105 degrees C.
EXAMPLE 2
[0106] As a general procedure for making deodorant creams, the
following procedure can be used. Propylene glycol is weighed out
into a main container. Hydroxypropyl cellulose is weighed out and
sprinkled into the main container with high shear mixing at room
temperature. Tripropylene glycol and a dimethicone copolyol ester
(SILWAX WSL) are each weighed out and each added to the main
mixture. The DBS is weighed out and gradually added to the mixture
with high shear mixing. Mixing is continued at room temperature for
10 minutes with high shear stirring but no splashing. A suspension
of the zinc oxide propylene glycol is made as a separate pre-mix.
Note that if DC 2501 is used as an emollient, preheating of this
material is done to melt it first before addition to the mixture.
Mixing is continued until the solution is homogeneous. The
emollient is weighed out, added to the main batch, and mixing is
continued until the solution is homogeneous. The zinc oxide pre-mix
is slowly added to the batch and mixed until the mixture is
uniform. Fragrance is added to the main batch. The mixture is then
quickly transferred into the appropriate containers, for example,
jars or squeezable tubes.
EXAMPLE 3
[0107] The method of Example 1 can be used to make a stick with the
following ingredients: 56.75% propylene glycol; 2.0% DBS; 10.00%
dimethicone copolyol ester (SILWAX WSL (L7382A); 5% zinc oxide with
an average particle size of 60 nanometers (NANOX.TM.) with q.s.
propylene glycol; and 1.25% fragrance.
EXAMPLE 4
[0108] The method of Example 1 can be used to make a stick with 1%
of the dimethicone copolyol ester; 3% zinc oxide (NANOX.TM. zinc
oxide); 51% propylene glycol; 6.25% dipropylene glycol; and 3.75%
tripropylene glycol; 2.5% DBS; and 1% fragrance.
* * * * *