U.S. patent application number 09/756214 was filed with the patent office on 2001-09-27 for method for inducing immunosuppressive cells and a culture device to be used therefor.
Invention is credited to Fukuchi, Takeshi, Nishino, Tomoko, Yamashita, Kenji.
Application Number | 20010024822 09/756214 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 16953228 |
Filed Date | 2001-09-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010024822 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yamashita, Kenji ; et
al. |
September 27, 2001 |
Method for inducing immunosuppressive cells and a culture device to
be used therefor
Abstract
The present invention provides a method for inducing
immunosuppressive cells by cultivating human cells with the use of
a culture device having an affinity for protein and the culture
device to be used therefor. According to the present invention,
immunosuppressive cells can be efficiently induced by using a solid
culture and can provide an efficient therapeutic system for
diseases caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system with less
side effect.
Inventors: |
Yamashita, Kenji;
(Takasago-shi, JP) ; Fukuchi, Takeshi;
(Akashi-shi, JP) ; Nishino, Tomoko; (Himeji-shi,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SUGHRUE, MION, ZINN, MACPEAK & SEAS, PLLC
2100 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON
DC
20037-3213
US
|
Family ID: |
16953228 |
Appl. No.: |
09/756214 |
Filed: |
January 9, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
09756214 |
Jan 9, 2001 |
|
|
|
09254170 |
Mar 2, 1999 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
435/325 ;
435/299.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 2501/515 20130101;
C12N 5/0636 20130101; C12N 2501/23 20130101; A61K 2035/122
20130101; C12N 2501/599 20130101; C12M 25/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
435/325 ;
435/299.1 |
International
Class: |
C12N 005/06; C12N
005/08; C12M 001/14; C12M 003/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 3, 1996 |
JP |
233316/1996 |
Claims
1. A method for inducing immunosuppressive cells, which comprises
culturing human cells with the use of a culture device having an
affinity for protein.
2. The inducing method of claim 1, wherein the culture device is
previously coated with one or more cytokines or antibodies against
surface antigens.
3. The inducing method of claim 1, wherein the culture device is
previously coated with two or more antibodies against surface
antigens, each of said antibodies recognizing different
epitope.
4. The inducing method of claim 1, wherein human cells and one or
more cytokines or antibodies against surface antigens are
mixed.
5. The inducing method of claim 1, wherein human cells and two or
more antibodies against surface antigens, each of said antibodies
recognizing different epitope, are mixed.
6. The inducing method of claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the antibody
against surface antigens is an anti-CD2 antibody or an anti-CD3
antibody.
7. The inducing method of claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the
antibody against surface antigens is an anti-CD2 antibody, said
anti-CD2 antibody binding to a site of CD2 that participates in the
binding of LFA-3 to CD2.
8. The inducing method of claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the
antibody against surface antigens is an anti-CD2 antibody, said
anti-CD2 antibody binding to a site of CD2 other than a site of CD2
which participates in the binding of LFA-3 to CD2.
9. The inducing method of claim 3 or 5, wherein two or more
antibodies against surface antigens are anti-CD2 antibodies
comprising a combination of one or more antibodies which bind to a
site of CD2 that participates in the binding of LFA-3 to CD2 and
one or more antibodies which bind to a site of CD2 other than the
site of CD2 which participates in the binding of LFA-3 to CD2.
10. The inducing method of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein one
antibody against surface antigens is the anti-CD2 antibody
TS2/18.
11. The inducing method of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein one
antibody against surface antigens is the F(ab)2 fragment of the
anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18.
12. The inducing method of claim 2 or 4, wherein the cytokine is
IL-2 or GM-CSF.
13. The inducing method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
or 12, wherein 0.5 to 10% by volume of serum based on a culture
medium is mixed in the culture.
14. The inducing method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
or 12, wherein no serum is mixed with the culture medium in the
culture.
15. The inducing method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13 or 14, wherein a term of the culture ranges between 1 and 7
days.
16. The inducing method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14 or 15, wherein the culture device is made of material
having an affinity for protein.
17. The inducing method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15 or 16, wherein the culture device is made of plastic
material.
18. The inducing method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15 or 16, wherein the culture device is made of glass
material.
19. The inducing method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, wherein the culture device is a
closed plane plate vessel or a closed vessel charged with spherical
fine-particles.
20. A culture device having an affinity for protein, which is used
for inducing immunosuppressive cells by culturing human cells.
21. The culture device of claim 20, wherein the device is
previously coated with one or more cytokines or antibodies against
surface antigens.
22. The culture device of claim 20, wherein the device is
previously coated with two or more antibodies against surface
antigens, each of said antibodies recognizing different
epitope.
23. The culture device of claim 21 or 22, wherein the antibody
against surface antigens is anti-CD2 antibody or anti-CD3
antibody.
24. The culture device of claim 22 or 23, wherein one or more
antibodies that recognize different epitope are the anti-CD2
antibody TS2/18.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for inducing
immunosuppressive cells and a culture device to be used therefor.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for
inducing immunosuppressive cells by culturing human cells with the
use of a culture device having an affinity for protein, and the
culture device to be used therefor.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Autoimmune diseases and rejection in transplantation are
caused by the following: host cells recognize self-cells or an
organ transplanted as a foreign body, and destroy the self-cells or
the organ transplanted. Some cases of those diseases show that they
are caused by abnormality of immunosuppressive cells in quantity or
quality (see Macintosh and Drachman, Science vol.232, p.401(1986)).
Balashov et al. report that MS (multiple sclerosis) patients show
remarkable decrease in efficiency for inducing immunosuppressive T
cells due to an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and such
phenomenon is a cause of an attack of the MS disease (see Balashov
et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.95, p.2711(1995)).
Accordingly, it is considered that the recovery of the
immunosuppressive cells of such patients may be effective in a
therapeutic method for such patients. Thus for several examples of
inducing immunosuppressive T cells in a system using animals such
as mice are reported by, for example, Fresno et al. (see Fresno et
al., Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.163, p.1246 (1980)).
Further, as an example of inducing the immunosuppressive cells in
human, there is a method with utilizing the autologous mixed
lymphocyte reaction described in the above reference which has
recently reported. However, this method requires the addition of a
culture medium of human cells treated with PHA, Con A or anti-CD3
antibody, or plural of cytokines to culture. Thus, the method is
complicated in operation. Moreover, since the above-mentioned
method is suspension culture system, foreign bodies such as lectins
(PHA or ConA) used in treatment adhere to the cells. Since those
foreign bodies can not be removed completely from the cells by
washing, the above-mentioned method still has the possibility of
foreign bodies contamination. Accordingly, the method never be
considered to be desirable and then, can not be utilized in
treatment that targets induction of immunosuppressive cells outside
of the body of a patient. The present invention provides an
efficient therapeutic system for autoimmune diseases which includes
the steps of: taking blood cells out from a patient; effectively
inducing immunosuppressive cells, especially immunosuppressive T
cells using an immobilized-protein system; and returning the
resulting blood cells to the patient.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present inventors have studied to improve a technique
for preparing cells which selectively suppress hypersensitivity of
the immune system which causes autoimmune diseases such as the
mentioned above, especially immunosuppressive T cells and have
completed the present invention.
[0004] The present invention provides a method for inducing
immunosuppressive cells by culturing human cells with the use of
(1) a culture device having an affinity for protein, being
previously coated with a protein such as an antibody or a cytokine,
or without any coating, or (2) an culture device having an affinity
for protein, placing a protein such as the antibody or the cytokine
in the device together with the human cells; and the culture device
to be used therefor.
[0005] That is, the present invention relates to a method for
inducing immunosuppressive cells, which comprises culturing human
cells with the use of a culture device having an affinity for
protein (claim 1).
[0006] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, wherein the culture device is previously coated
with one or more cytokines or antibodies against surface antigens
(claim 2).
[0007] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, wherein the culture device is previously coated
with two or more antibodies against surface antigens, each of said
antibodies recognizing different epitope (claim 3).
[0008] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, wherein human cells and one or more cytokines or
antibodies against surface antigens are mixed (claim 4).
[0009] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, wherein human cells and two or more antibodies
against surface antigens, each of said antibodies recognizing
different epitope, are mixed (claim 5).
[0010] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the antibody against surface
antigens is an anti-CD2 antibody or an anti-CD3 antibody (claim
6).
[0011] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the antibody
against surface antigens is an anti-CD2 antibody, said anti-CD2
antibody binding to a site of CD2 that participates in the binding
of LFA-3 to CD2 (claim 7).
[0012] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the antibody against
surface antigens is an anti-CD2 antibody, said anti-CD2 antibody
binding to a site of CD2 other than a site of CD2 which
participates in the binding of LFA-3 to CD2 (claim 8).
[0013] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 3 or 5, wherein two or more antibodies against
surface antigens are anti-CD2 antibodies comprising a combination
of one or more antibodies which bind to a site of CD2 that
participates in the binding to LFA-3 to CD2 and one or more
antibodies which bind to a site of CD2 other than the site of CD2
which participates in the binding of LFA-3 to CD2 (claim 9).
[0014] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein one antibody against
surface antigens is the anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18 (claim 10).
[0015] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein one antibody against
surface antigens is the F(ab).sub.2 fragment of the anti-CD2
antibody TS2/18 (claim 11).
[0016] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 2 or 4, wherein the cytokine is IL-2 or GM-CSF
(claim 12).
[0017] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, wherein
0.5 to 10% by volume of serum based on a culture medium is mixed in
the culture (claim 13).
[0018] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, wherein no
serum is mixed with the culture medium in the culture (claim
14).
[0019] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14,
wherein a term of the culture ranges between 1 and 7 days (claim
15).
[0020] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or
15, wherein the culture device is made of material having an
affinity for protein (claim 16).
[0021] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
or 16, wherein culture device is made of plastic material (claim
17).
[0022] Further, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
or 16, wherein the culture device is made of glass material (claim
18).
[0023] Moreover, the present invention relates to the inducing
method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17 or 18, wherein the culture device is a closed plane plate
vessel or a closed vessel charged with spherical fine-particles
(claim 19);
[0024] Further, the present invention relates to culture device
having an affinity for protein, which is used for inducing
immunosuppressive cells by culturing human cells (claim 20).
[0025] Moreover, the present invention relates to the culture
device of claim 20, wherein the device is previously coated with
one or more cytokines or antibodies against surface antigens (claim
21).
[0026] Further, the present invention relates to the culture device
of claim 20, wherein the device is previously coated with two or
more antibodies against surface antigens, each of said antibodies
recognizing different epitope (claim 22).
[0027] Moreover, the present invention relates to the culture
device of claim 21 or 22) wherein the antibody against surface
antigens is anti-CD2 antibody or anti-CD3 antibody (claim 23).
[0028] Further, the present invention relates to the culture device
of claim 22 or 23, wherein one or more antibodies that recognize
different epitope are the anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18 (claim 24).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of one embodiment of the
culture device of the present invention; (a) being a sectional
explanatory view of the device when human cells are placed in the
device; (b) being a sectional explanatory view of the device (a)
being rotated in 90 degrees; and (c) being a top explanatory view
of (b).
[0030] FIG. 2 is a sectional explanatory, view of another
embodiment of the culture device of the present invention.
[0031] FIG. 3 is a graph that shows the immunosuppressive effect of
immunosuppressive cells obtained by the present invention ((a) of
EXAMPLE 1) on T cell activation reaction.
[0032] FIG. 4 is a graph that shows the immunosuppressive effect of
immunosuppressive cells obtained by the present invention ((b) of
EXAMPLE 1) on T cell activation reaction.
[0033] FIG. 5 is a graph that shows the immunosuppressive effect of
immunosuppressive cells obtained by the present invention ((c) of
EXAMPLE 1) on T cell activation reaction.
[0034] FIG. 6 is a graph that shows the immunosuppressive effect of
immunosuppressive cells obtained by the present invention ((d) to
(f) of EXAMPLE 1) on T cell activation reaction.
[0035] FIG. 7 is a graph that shows the immunosuppressive effect of
immunosuppressive cells obtained by the present invention (EXAMPLE
2) on T cell activation reaction.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0036] The expression "having an affinity for protein" means having
the property that a protein can be immobilized by a bond such as
hydrophobic bond, covalent bond or ionic bond.
[0037] The culture device of the present invention may be material
having an affinity for protein, being non-cytotoxic and being
sterilizable. Preferably the device is made of material having an
affinity for protein and the material is preferably plastic
material or glass material. Plastic material means thermosetting
resin or thermoplastic resin. Polymer is more preferable because of
its good moldability. Polystyrene is particularly preferable
because polystyrene has high affinity for protein and is colorless
and transparent. Glass material means silicate, borate, phosphate
and the like which solidify without forming crystals
(vitrification). Silicate glass is more preferable because of a
strong vitrification tendency. Crystallized glass which is formed
by heat treatment of silicate glass is particularly preferable
because it has a good moldability and good impact resistance. In
order to confer an affinity for protein on the culture device, the
material may be treated for increasing adsorbability of protein.
The usual culture device is coated with protein such as collagen so
that the adsorbability of protein is decreased. This is not
preferable for the device of the present invention. In the culture
device of the present invention, the shape of the material to which
cells directly attach is preferably plane shape or spherical shape,
because it is necessary to immobilize protein uniformly and further
it is necessary that the cells can uniformly and efficiently adsorb
thereto. More preferably the culture device is a closed plane plate
vessel or a closed vessel charged with spherical fine-particles. As
the plane vessel, a usual culture flask, a culture dish, a vessel
with a culture plate-like shape, or multistage plate as shown in
FIG. 1(a) to 1(c) can be used.
[0038] The multistage plate as shown in FIG. 1 is an embodiment of
the culture device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1(a),
a cell suspension (2) containing human cells (1) is placed in the
plate from the direction indicated by the arrow. As shown in FIG.
1(b), in the culture the device of FIG. 1(a) is rotated in
90-degrees. During culture, 5% CO.sub.2 is passed through the
breathable filter (3). The immunosuppressive cells induced can be
released by somewhat strongly shaking of the vessel and recovered
from the cell recovery opening (4). The FIG. 1(c) is a top view of
FIG. 1(b). When such multistage plate is employed, it has the
advantages that it can treat many cells at the same time and it can
induce plural types of cells having different functions at the same
time. For example, by changing the antibody employed for coating,
both immunosuppressive cells and cells with ability for activating
an immunosuppressive mechanism can be simultaneously induced. When
the material of the device is spherical, fine-particles (small
spherical beads) can be used in a vessel as shown in FIG. 2.
[0039] The vessel shown in FIG. 2 is another embodiment of the
present invention. In FIG. 2, 5% CO.sub.2 can be fed to the cell
suspension (22) including human cells through the breathable filter
(23). The spherical fine-particles (25) are present in the cell
suspension (22) and adsorb the human cells. The immunosuppressive
cells induced are recovered in the adsorbing form on the spherical
fine-particles by opening the cock (26). The number (27) shows a
side wall. And then, the cells induced can be recovered from the
fine-particles by washing the fine-particles with, for example,
saline.
[0040] In the present invention, a plane plastic plate that is
mainly used in ELISA reactions is particularly preferably employed
as the device.
[0041] The term "human cells" means cells that constitute the human
body and cells derived from such cells. As the human cells of the
invention, there can be employed, for instance, human peripheral
blood cells, human peritoneal cells, human thymocytes, human bone
marrow cells, human established T cells and the like. In case that
a patient is actually treated by a method wherein cells are entered
into the patient, it is most preferable to use the patient's cells
in view of immunological rejection or immunosuppression effect.
Among the patient's cells, human peripheral blood cells of the
patient are preferable because they are easily collected. Human
peripheral blood cells can be prepared from the following: venous
blood collected from human is layered on Ficoll (Ficoll-paque, made
by Pharmacia Biotech) in a 50 ml polystyrene tube and centrifuged
for 20 minutes at 1500 revolutions per minute, and then, a
lymphocyte faction and a monocyte fraction that are formed in a
boundary surface are recovered and are washed with RPMI-1640 medium
in 3 times (Ficoll centrifugation method). The resulting human
peripheral blood cells are inoculated into a culture medium and
cultured overnight, and suspension cells are collected to give T
cells.
[0042] The term "antibody against surface antigens" means an
antibody against a protein that mediates intercellular adhesion; an
antibody against a protein that, in adhesion, secondarily
participates in binding to a molecule on the other cell; and an
antibody against a receptor for various cytokines. As the antibody,
there can be employed, for instance, an antibody against the
immunoglobulin superfamily, an antibody against the integrin
superfamily, an antibody against cadherin or an antibody against
IL-2 receptor. Among them, the antibody against the immunoglobulin
superfamily is preferable, and an antibody having an affinity for
CD2 antigen or CD3 antigen of the human T cells or analog thereof
is particularly preferable.
[0043] The expression "two or more antibodies against surface
antigens, each of the antibodies recognizing different epitope"
means two or more antibodies that recognize each different site of
a surface antigen molecule as an antigen and bind to each different
site. The kind of antibodies is preferably two. As a concrete
examples of the antibodies, there can be preferably employed, for
instance, two antibodies which recognize CD2 molecule and recognize
different epitope. A combination of the anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18
and an antibody which is produced from the hybridoma S33H2NO10 can
more preferably be used (see the following REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2,
EXAMPLE 2 and TEST EXAMPLE 2). The ratio of the combination of
those antibodies is preferably 1:9 to 9:1 (ratio by weight),
particularly preferably 1:1 (equivalent weight).
[0044] As the "antibody against CD2 antigen (anti-CD2 antibody)",
there can be employed, for instance, a monoclonal antibody against
each of various epitopes of CD2 or a polyclonal antibody against
CD2 molecule or the like. A F(ab).sub.2 fragment of such antibody
can also be employed. Among them, the anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18 and
the F(ab).sub.2 fragment thereof are more preferable because they
have a strong affinity for CD2.
[0045] The "anti-CD2 antibody that can bind to a site of CD2 that
participates in the binding of LFA-3 to CD2", which is a preferable
antibody against surface antigens, means an anti-CD2 antibody with
ability for inhibiting the binding of LFA-3 molecule to CD2
molecule. Concretely this type of antibody is judged by measuring
as to whether the binding of sheep erythrocyte to a human T cell
strain (rosette formation reaction; see Current Protocols in
Immunology, vol.1, section 7.2.1 (1991)) such as human peripheral
blood T cells or Jurkat cells (see U. Schnider et al., Int. J.
Cancer, vol.19, p.621 (1977)), is inhibited.
[0046] The "anti-CD2 antibody that binds to a site of CD2 other
than a site of CD2 which participates in binding of LFA-3 to CD2",
which is a preferable antibody against surface antigens, means an
antibody that does not have the ability for inhibiting rosette
formation.
[0047] As the "antibody against CD3 antigen (anti-CD3 antibody)",
there can be employed, for instance, a monoclonal antibody, a
polyclonal antibody or a F(ab).sub.2 fragment thereof that can
recognize CD3 molecule. Among them, the anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) is
more preferable because it has a strong affinity for CD3 and T
cell-activating ability.
[0048] As the "cytokine", there can be employed, for instance,
IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-8 receptor
family, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, GM-CSF, G-CSF,
TGF-.beta., TNF-.alpha., TNF-.beta., IFN-.alpha., IFN-.beta.,
IFN-.gamma., a macrophage activating factor, a macrophage migration
inhibition factor or the like. Especially, IL-2 and GM-CSF are
preferable because they are effective in growth of T cells and
production of cytokines. Those cytokines can be used alone or in
combination thereof. IL-2 and GM-CSF may be isolated from
peripheral blood or prepared from a gene recombination method.
[0049] The term "immunosuppressive cells" means cells that have the
ability to inhibit immune reaction. The measurement of the ability
to inhibit immune reaction can be carried out by using a reaction
system in which peripheral blood cells prepared from two or more
different individuals are mixed (MLR) or a reaction system in which
peripheral blood cells from an individual who has T cells (memory T
cells) being responsive to a certain antigen, and the antigen are
mixed and the like. As explained in the following TEST EXAMPLES 1
and 2, in vitro, cells probably having immunosuppressive activity
are mixed with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hereinafter also
referred to as PBL) that is newly obtained from the same person.
With the resulting mixture, is mixed PPD (Purified protein
derivative; made by Japan B.C.G. Seizo Co.,Ltd.) and cultured under
the condition at 37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2, for several days,
followed by mixing of [.sup.3H]-thymidine. After culture at
37.degree. C. for an additional 5 to 16 hours, the radioactivity in
the cells is counted with a scintillation counter, thereby
measuring the ability for inhibiting immune reaction.
[0050] Immunosuppressive cells can be obtained by culturing human
cells in the culture device or in the culture device to which the
antibody against surface antigens and/or the cytokine is
immobilized or not immobilized; or immunosuppressive cells can be
obtained by culturing human cells in a system where the antibody
against surface antigens and/or the cytokine is mixed with the
culture medium at the same time, or before or after. In case that
human cells are placed in the device at first, a short time for the
mixing of the antibody and/or the cytokine (within 3 days) is
preferable. More preferably, human cells are placed later (within
one day) or at the same time. Particularly preferably, the human
cells are placed at the same time. The amount of those protein to
be immobilized or placed depends on the protein to be used, and
therefore, there is no limitation in particular. The preferable
amount ranges between 0.1 and 10 .mu.g/ml against the culture
medium. When the amount is too little, induction of
immunosuppressive activity may not occur and when the amount is in
excess, the cells may be damaged.
[0051] As the culture medium, there can be employed, for instance,
a culture medium for animal cells, D-MEM or RPMI-1640. Serum may
not be mixed or may be mixed with the medium. When serum is mixed,
autologous serum is preferably employed. Autologous serum means a
serum obtained from the same individual from which the human cells
to be cultured are prepared. Autologous serum is the most
preferable because cell growth rate is good and non-specific
immunoreaction is hardly occurred when autologous serum is used.
The amount of serum to be mixed is not limited in particular.
Generally, the amount ranges between 0.5 and 10% by volume (V/V %).
Immunosuppressive cells can be obtained by culturing human cells in
the above-mentioned culture medium, usually under the condition at
37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2, preferably for 1 to 7 days, more
preferably for 1 to 5 days, most preferably for 1 to 3 days.
[0052] Since the immunosuppressive cells are induced in the
immobilized system, the immunosuppressive cells can be released and
recovered by the usual method; for example, by somewhat strongly
shaking the culture device.
[0053] There is no limitation as to a dosage route for the
immunosuppressive cells induced by the method of the present
invention; systematic or local administration using medical device
such as a catheter is preferable.
[0054] The amount of cells to be administered depends on purposes
of administration such as the kind of disease and an extent of
symptoms of the patient to be administered. They are administered
from 10.sup.6 to 5.times.10.sup.8 cells for an adult in a daily
dose, preferably from 10.sup.6 to 10.sup.8 cells, most preferably
from 10.sup.6 cells.
[0055] The present invention provides a simple and efficient method
for inducing immunosuppressive cells and also provides a
therapeutic method for treating various autoimmune diseases and for
suppression of rejection to an organ transplanted.
[0056] The present invention will be more specifically described
and explained by means of the following EXAMPLES. The present
invention is not limited to EXAMPLES.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1
[0057] Preparation of F(ab).sub.2 Fragments of the Anti-CD2
Antibody TS2/18
[0058] One ml of the antibody solution including 10 mg/ml (PBS) of
TS2/18 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC): HB195) was
dialyzed against 200 ml of 20 mM acetate buffer, pH4.5, overnight.
After the dialysis, the antibody sample was mixed with 0.25 ml of
pepsin-immobilized carrier (made by Pierce) previously equilibrated
with 20 mM acetate buffer, followed by incubation with strongly
shaking at 37.degree. C. for 4 hours. The reaction was stopped by
mixing 1.5 ml of 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.5. The resulting F(ab).sub.2
fragments were isolated using a gel filtration column (Column:
Sephacryl S-200, Pharmacia Biotech; Solvent: PBS, Flow Rate: 0.6
ml/min).
EXAMPLE 1
[0059] Preparation of Immunosuppressive Cells by Culturing Human
Peripheral Blood Cells Using the Culture Device Made of Plastic
Plate
[0060] Using RPMI-1640 (made by Sigma) including 10% (v/v)
(hereinafter referred to as 10%) autologous serum
1.5.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml of a normal human peripheral blood cell
suspension was prepared from peripheral blood collected from a
normal human. Each of 100 .mu.l of the cell suspension was seeded
to a total 20 wells in a 96-wells ELISA plate (made by Corning
Inc.) and the culture was started (a). Each of 20 wells in 96-wells
ELISA plates was previously coated with GM-CSF (made by RD Systems)
and IL-2 (made by Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems) in a
concentration of 10 ng/ml (PBS) and 20 U/ml (PBS), respectively
(b); coated with 10 .mu.g/ml (PBS) of F(ab).sub.2 fragments of the
antiCD2 antibody TS2/18 prepared in REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 (c); coated
with 10 .mu.g/ml (PBS) of the anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) (made by
Orth Diagnostic System Inc.) alone (d); coated with 10 .mu.g/ml
(PBS) of the anti-CD3 antibody and 10 .mu.g/ml (PBS) of the
anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18 (ATCC:HB195)(e); and coated with a mixture
10.mu.g/ml (PBS) of the anti-CD3 antibody and 10 .mu.g/ml (PBS) of
F(ab).sub.2 fragment of the anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18 at the same
time (4.degree. C., overnight)(f). The resulting plates were washed
with PBS and therein was placed each of 100 .mu.l of
1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (less than the above mentioned cell
number) of the normal human peripheral blood cell suspension and
the culture was started. After the plates were subjected to culture
at 37.degree. C. for 7 days in the 5% CO.sub.2 incubator, cells
were recovered by pipetting and washed 3 times with PBS, and then
the cells were suspended into RPMI-1640 including 10% autologous
serum to a final concentration of 3.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
[0061] Coating with Cytokines and Antibodies on Usual Culture
Devices and Culture
[0062] The culture devices were coated in the same manner as
EXAMPLE 1 except that the usual 96-wells culture plates (made by
Corning Inc.) were used. The cytokines and antibodies used in
coating were washed out.
[0063] The human cells were seeded in the same manner as (a) of
EXAMPLE 1 into non-coated 20 wells to give cell suspensions.
TEST EXAMPLE 1
[0064] Suppression of Activation of an Antigen (PPD)-Specific T
Cell by Immunosuppressive Cells Obtained from Human Peripheral
Blood Cells
[0065] Using RPMI-1640 (made by Sigma) including 10% autologous
serum, 1.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml of a normal human peripheral blood
cell suspension was prepared from peripheral blood collected from
the normal human. Each of 100 .mu.l of the cell suspension was
pipetted into a 96-wells round-bottom plate (made by Corning Inc.).
PPD (made by Japan B.C.G Seizo Co., Ltd.) was placed in each well
to a final concentration of 1 .mu.g/ml. Simultaneausly, each cells
obtained in EXAMPLE 1 (a) to (f) were suspended in RPMI-1640
including 10% autologous serum, and each 30 .mu.l of the cell
suspensions including 0.25.times.10.sup.5 cells/well and/or
0.5.times.10.sup.5 cells/well was placed in each wells and cultured
for 5 days (in the 5% CO.sub.2 incubator, at 37.degree. C.). After
mixing 1.mu. Ci of [.sup.3H] thymidine to each well and culturing
for 15 hours, the cells were harvested using a cell harvester (LABO
MASH; made by LABO SCIENCE). The radioactivity of .sup.3H
incorporated in the cells was measured using the scintillation
counter LSC-700 (made by Aloka). As a positive control, in wells
was placed each 30 .mu.l of RPMI-1640 including 10% autologous
serum instead of the cells of EXAMPLE 1 and subjected to
measurement.
[0066] The results are shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. When the cells
treated in EXAMPLE 1(a) were mixed with one fourth or half of the
number of the human cells applied to a PPD-T cell activating
system, about 30% suppression was observed (FIG. 3). In case the
cells treated in the presence of cytokines in EXAMPLE 1 (b) were
used, about 55% suppression was observed (FIG. 4). The suppression
was about 20% when cells of treated in EXAMPLE 1(c) were used (FIG.
5), and when each of the cells treated in EXAMPLE 1(d), (e) and (f)
was used, about 50%, 67% and 78% suppressions were observed,
respectively (FIG. 6).
[0067] The cells obtained in COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 were suspended
in the culture medium in the same manner as mentioned above and
each of 30 .mu.l of the cell suspension including
1.0.times.10.sup.5 cells/well or 0.5.times.10.sup.5 cells/well was
placed in each wells and cultured as described above.
[0068] The result showed about -50% and about -30% suppressions,
respectively. That is, when the human cells are cultured in the
usual culture device, immunosuppressive cells were not induced, but
rather the immunoreaction increased.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2
[0069] Preparation of Anti-human CD2 Antibodies
[0070] Anti-human CD2 antibodies can be prepared by the following:
(a) preparing CD2 protein from the human T cell line: Jurkat cell
(ATCC TIB (Tumor Immunology Bank) 152); (b) immunizing mice with
the resulting CD2 protein to give hybridomas; and (c) screening
hybridoma that can produce anti-CD2 antibodies by ELISA using the
CD2 protein. The procedures thereof are as follows:
[0071] (a) Preparation of the CD2 Protein from a Jurkat Cells
[0072] The Jurkat cell clones 5.8.times.10.sup.8 cells were
cultured in 2500 ml of RPMI-1640 (made by Sigma) including 10% FCS
(Fetal Calf Serum) at 37.degree. C., in the 5% CO.sub.2 incubator
to a concentration of 7.times.10.sup.5 cells/ml and
1.75.times.10.sup.9 cells of the clones were subjected to
purification. The clones were suspended in 40 ml of lysis buffer
(0.01 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.15 M NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 1 mM
iodeacetoamide (made by Sigma), 1 mM PMSF), and treated with the
mini disk rotor (made by Biocraft) at 4.degree. C. for 1 hour.
Then, after centrifugation at 3615 G at room temperature for 15
minutes, NaDOC (Sodium deoxycholate: made by Sigma) was mixed to a
final concentration of 0.5% NaDOC and supernatant was recovered by
ultracentrifugation (at 158,000 G, 4.degree. C. , for 60 minutes).
The resulting sample was subjected to purification using the
antibody column as a Jurkat-purified supernatant.
[0073] The antibody column was prepared using Affi-Gel 10 (made by
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.) as a carrier by immobilizing the
anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18 (ATCC HB195) on the carrier (1 mg/ml gel).
Econo-column(.phi.:1 cm, Height:10 cm, made by BioRad Laboratories,
Inc.) was charged with 5 ml of immobilized gel. The sample was
loaded (1 ml/min), washed with 50 ml of PBS, followed by elution
using 100 ml of elution buffer (0.1 M trisodium citrate (pH3)). The
sample eluted was brought to neutral pH by using the neutralization
buffer (1 M Tris-HCl (pH11)).
[0074] The elution buffer was replaced by PBS with the dialysis
cassette (made by Pierce), and the protein content in the sample
was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that about 150 .mu.g of
CD2 protein was obtained. Further, as the antigen for immnunization
the angigen purified with PEG 20,000 (made by Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) was employed.
[0075] (b) Immunization of Mice by CD2 Protein and Isolation of
Hybridomas
[0076] The purified human CD2 obtained in the above (a) was mixed
with a complete adjuvant Titer MAX (made by CytRX Corporation). The
resulting mixture was peritoneally injected into 5-weeks age of
Balb/c mice (purchased by Japan SLC Co., Ltd.) a total of 4 times
at an interval of a week (25 .mu.g/time/mouse). Antibodies raised
in the mice immunized were subjected to titer confirmation by ELISA
using the plate coated with CD2 protein (confirmation as to whether
sufficient titer of antibodies were obtained), and the spleens were
removed from the mice. A fifteen ml of spleen cell suspension was
prepared with IMDM (made by Sigma)/10% FCS culture medium. Then,
the suspension was centrifuged at room temperature at 1000 rpm for
10 minutes and cells were recovered. Ten ml of 0.17 M NH.sub.4Cl
was mixed with the cells for hemolysis. Again the suspension was
centrifuged in the same manner as described above, and suspended
into 10 ml of IMDM/10% FCS culture medium to prepare a solution
including 1.times.10.sup.8 cells of the spleen cells.
[0077] To prepare the hybridomas, the spleen cells and mouse
myeloma cells SP2/O-Ag14 (ATCC CRL (Cell Repository Lines)1581)
were used. The cells were washed with IMDM culture medium and
prepared to a final concentration of 2.times.10.sup.7 to
3.times.10.sup.7 cells.
[0078] The cells were fused by mixing the spleen cells and the
myeloma cells at a ratio of 5:1 (spleen cells: 1.times.10.sup.8
cells and myeloma cells: 2.times.10.sup.7 cells), and the resulting
fused cells were centrifuged at room remperature at 1000 rpm for 5
minutes, and then, recovere. After the cells were washed with 30 ml
of IMDM culture medium 2 ml of 50% PEG 1500 (made by Boehringer
Mannheim GmbH) was slowly mixed therewith, and with strongly
shaking for 1 minute, 4 ml of IMDM culture medium was slowly mixed
therewith for 2 minutes. Another 16 ml of IMDM culture medium was
mixed therewith for 2 to 3 minutes, and again centrifuged in the
same manner as mentioned above, and cells were recovered. Next, the
resulting cells were suspended in 5% briclone (made by Dainippon
Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.)-HAT (made by GIBCO BRL)-IMDM/10% FCS
culture medium to give a suspension of 3.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml.
The cells were seeded in a 96-wells flat-bottom plate (made by
IWAKI GLASS) at 100 .mu.l/well. After 7 days culture at 37.degree.
C. in the 5% CO.sub.2 incubator, the culture medium was exchanged
to HT(made by GIBCO BRL)-IMDM/10% FCS. The culture medium was
changed every 3 days to isolate the hybridomas.
[0079] (c) Selection of Anti-CD2 Antibody-producing Hybridomas
[0080] A 50 .mu.l of human CD2 solution (5 .mu.g/ml PBS) prepared
in the above-mentioned method (a) was placed in each of wells and
the 96-wells ELISA plate (made by Corning Inc.) was coated with the
solution at 4.degree. C. overnight. After washing with PBS/0.05%
Tween 20, a bloking treatment was performed using 4-times diluted
Blockace (made by Nakalai Tesque) for 2 hours at room temperature.
After washing with PBS/0.05% Tween 20, each 50 .mu.l of supernatant
of the hybridomas was placed in each of wells and left for 1 hour
at room temperature. After washing with PBS/0.05% Tween 20,
1000-times diluted anti-mouse IgG antibody labeled with HRP (Horse
Radish Peroxidase)(made by Cappel) was mixed therewith, let stand
for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS/0.05% Tween 20, and
100 .mu.l of chromophore liquid (10 mg of O-phenylenediamine tablet
(made by Sigma) and 10 .mu.l of H.sub.2O.sub.2 dissolved in
citrate-phosphate buffer) was mixed therewith and reacted for 10
minutes. The colored clones were selected as the anti-CD2
antibody-producing hybridoma.
EXAMPLE 2
[0081] Preparation of Human Peripheral Blood Cells Cultured with
Antibody-immobilized Plastic Plate
[0082] Among the hybridomas obtained in REFRENCE EXAMPLE 2, seven
clones with high reactivity in ELISA were selected. The clones were
cultured in serum-free medium at 37.degree. C., in the 5% CO.sub.2
incubator for 4 days and thus culture media including each
antibodies were obtained. Then, each of those antibody-including
media and anti-CD2 antibody TS2/18 were coated on each of 20 wells
of a 96-wells ELISA plates (made by Corning Inc.) (10 .mu.l of the
culture medium of each clones and 0.5 .mu.g of TS2/18 were placed
in each wells and left at 4.degree. C. overnight). After washing
with PBS, each 100 .mu.l of normal human peripheral blood cell
suspension adjusted to a concentration of 1.0.times.10.sup.6
cells/ml using RPMI-1640 (made by Sigma) including 10% autologous
serum were seeded to each wells. Similarly each 100 .mu.l of the
same cell suspension was seeded into 20 wells coated with 0.5 .mu.g
of TS2/18 alone and into 20 wells without coating. After incubation
at 37.degree. C. in the 5% CO.sub.2 incubator for 7 days, each of
cells in each 20-wells was recovered and washed with PBS 3 times.
Then, the cells were suspended in RPMI-1640 culture medium (made by
Sigma) including 10% autologous serum to a final concentration of
3.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml.
TEST EXAMPLE 2
[0083] Evaluation of the suppression ability of the cells treated
with the immobilized antibody on antigen (PPD)-specific T cell
activation reaction
[0084] Into a 96-wells round-bottom plate (made by Corning Inc.)
each 100 .mu.l of normal human peripheral blood cell suspension
adjusted to 1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml using RPMI-1640 (made by
Sigma) including 10% autologous serum was poured. PPD (made by
Japan B.C.G. Seizo Co.,Ltd.) was placed in each of wells to a final
concentration of 1 .mu.g/ml. Simultaneously, each 30 .mu.l of cell
suspensions including 10.sup.5 cells/well of the cells prepared in
EXAMPLE 2 was placed in the wells and cultured for 5 days (in the
5% CO.sub.2 incubator, at 37.degree. C.). Then, 1.mu. Ci of
[.sup.3H] thymidine was placed in each wells, cultured for 15
hours, and the cells were harvested using a cell harvester (LABO
MASH, made by LABO SCIENCE). The radioactivity of .sup.3H
incorporated in the cells was measured using the scintillation
counter LSC-700 (made by Aloka).
[0085] As shown in FIG. 7, 4 clones (S31A2NO1, S32D7NO9, S33H2NO10
and L12A9NO22) out of 7 clones were found to significantly suppress
the PPD-T cell activation reaction when combined with TS2/18. The
suppression rates thereof were S31A2NO1 (47%), S32D7N09(29%),
S33H2NO10(74%) and L12A9NO22(34%), respectively. Especially, the
system employing the clone S33H2NO10 was observed to induce
strongly immunosuppressive cells. The present experiment was
performed in n=2, and the value in the Figures are averages of the
experiments.
Industrial Applicability
[0086] According to the present invention, immunosuppressive cells
can be induced efficiently by the immobilized culture. Therefore,
the present invention can provide an efficient therapeutic system
with fewer side-effects by which diseases with hypersensitivity of
the immune system can be efficiently treated.
* * * * *