U.S. patent application number 09/833310 was filed with the patent office on 2001-09-27 for alternator with regulation of multiple voltage outputs.
This patent application is currently assigned to C.E. Niehoff & Co.. Invention is credited to Jabaji, Issam.
Application Number | 20010024107 09/833310 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23845790 |
Filed Date | 2001-09-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010024107 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Jabaji, Issam |
September 27, 2001 |
Alternator with regulation of multiple voltage outputs
Abstract
An alternator generates output power at two or more independent
voltages. The alternator has two independent output windings
configured to generate the power needed for each output. Each
output voltage is sensed by a regulator that controls switching
rectifiers to supply the current needed to satisfy the electric
power demand of the loads connected to each output. After both
output load demands are satisfied, the regulator switches off the
alternator field. When power demand from either load rises, the
alternator field is switched on along with the respective switching
rectifier to satisfy the power demand. The output voltage grounds
and control signals may be electrically isolated from each
other.
Inventors: |
Jabaji, Issam; (Morton
Grove, IL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
William A. Webb
BRINKS HOFER GILSON & LIONE
P.O. BOX 10395
CHICAGO
IL
60610
US
|
Assignee: |
C.E. Niehoff & Co.
|
Family ID: |
23845790 |
Appl. No.: |
09/833310 |
Filed: |
April 11, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
09833310 |
Apr 11, 2001 |
|
|
|
09464919 |
Dec 16, 1999 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
322/46 ;
322/59 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02P 2101/45 20150115;
H02K 19/34 20130101; H02P 9/307 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
322/46 ;
322/59 |
International
Class: |
H02P 009/14; H02P
009/10 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A multiple voltage electrical generator comprising: a field
source; first and second switched rectifiers; a first power
generating winding coupled with a first output via the first
switched rectifier; and a second power generating winding coupled
with a second output via the second switched rectifier; wherein
said first and second outputs each comprise a respective pair of
conductors, and wherein the first output and the first power
generating winding are electrically isolated from the second output
and the second power generating winding.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein the first and second switched
rectifiers comprise respective first and second control terminals
responsive to respective first and second control signals, and
wherein the first and second control terminals are electrically
isolated from one another.
3. The invention of claim 1 wherein the first power generating
winding is disposed on a first side of the field source, and
wherein the second power generating winding is disposed on a second
side of the field source, opposed to the first side.
4. The invention of claim 1 further comprising: a rotor comprising
a first portion on a first side of the field source and a second
portion on a second side of the field source opposed to the first
side, said first portion having a greater effect than the second
portion on magnetic coupling between the field source and the first
power generating winding, said second portion having a greater
effect than the first portion on magnetic coupling between the
field source and the second power generating winding.
5. The invention of claim 1 wherein the field source comprises a
field winding.
6. The invention of claim 1 wherein the field source comprises a
permanent magnet.
7. A multiple voltage electrical generator comprising: a field
source comprising opposed first and second sides separated axially
along a drive shaft; first and second switched rectifiers; a first
power generating winding disposed on the first side of the field
source, wherein said first power generating winding is coupled with
a first output via the first switched rectifier; and a second power
generating winding disposed on the second side of the field source,
wherein said second power generating winding is coupled with a
second output via the second switched rectifier; wherein said first
and second outputs each comprise a respective pair of conductors,
and wherein the first output and the first power generating winding
are electrically isolated from the second output and the second
power generating winding.
8. The invention of claim 7 further comprising: a rotor comprising
a first portion on the first side of the field source and a second
portion on the second side of the field source, said first portion
having a greater effect than the second portion on magnetic
coupling between the field source and the first power generating
winding, said second portion having a greater effect than the first
portion on magnetic coupling between the field source and the
second power generating winding.
9. The invention of claim 7 wherein the field source comprises a
field winding.
10. A multiple voltage electrical generator comprising: a field
source comprising first and second sides spaced along an axis;
first and second switched rectifiers; a first power generating
winding having a center of mass disposed nearer the first side than
the second side of the field source, wherein said first power
generating winding is coupled with a first output via the first
switched rectifier; and a second power generating winding having a
center of mass disposed nearer the second side than the first side
of the field source, wherein said second power generating winding
is coupled with a second output via the second switched rectifier;
wherein said first and second outputs each comprise a respective
pair of conductors, and wherein the first output and the first
power generating winding are electrically isolated from the second
output and the second power generating winding.
11. The invention of claim 10 further comprising: a rotor
comprising a first portion on the first side of the field source
and a second portion on the second side of the field source, said
first portion having a greater effect than the second portion on
magnetic coupling between the field source and the first power
generating winding, said second portion having a greater effect
than the first portion on magnetic coupling between the field
source and the second power generating winding.
12. The invention of claim 10 wherein the field source comprises a
field winding.
13. A method for regulating an electrical generator comprising a
field source and first and second power generating windings to
supply current at first and second outputs, respectively, said
method comprising: (a) conducting current between the first power
generating winding and the first output when the first output
voltage falls below a first threshold; (b) conducting current
between the second power generating winding and the second output
when the second output voltage falls below a second threshold; and
(c) increasing current through the field source when either one of
the first and second output voltages falls below the respective
threshold.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first and second outputs
each comprise a respective pair of conductors, wherein the first
and second outputs are electrically isolated from one another, and
wherein (a) and (b) comprise conducting DC currents between the
respective power generating winding and the respective output.
15. The method of claim 13 further comprising: (d) decreasing
current through the field source when (1) the first output voltage
exceeds the first threshold and (2) the second output voltage
exceeds the second threshold.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising: (e) interrupting
current between the first power generating winding and the first
output when the first output voltage exceeds the first threshold;
and (f) interrupting current between the second power generating
winding and the second output when the second output voltage
exceeds the second threshold.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein the field source comprises a
field winding.
18. A method for regulating an electrical generator comprising a
field source and first and second power generating windings to
supply current at first and second outputs, respectively, said
method comprising: (a) conducting current between the first power
generating winding and the first output when the first output
voltage falls below a first threshold; (b) conducting current
between the second power generating winding and the second output
when the second output voltage falls below a second threshold; and
(c) decreasing current through the field source when (1) the first
output voltage exceeds the first threshold and (2) the second
output voltage exceeds the second threshold.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the first and second outputs
each comprise a respective pair of conductors, wherein the first
and second outputs are electrically isolated from one another, and
wherein (a) and (b) comprise conducting DC currents between the
respective power generating winding and the respective output.
20. The method of claim 18 further comprising: (d) interrupting
current between the first power generating winding and the first
output when the first output voltage exceeds the first threshold;
and (e) interrupting current between the second power generating
winding and the second output when the second output voltage
exceeds the second threshold.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein the field source comprises a
field winding.
22. A multiple voltage electrical generator comprising: a field
source; first and second power generating windings to supply
current at respective first and second outputs; a voltage regulator
comprising: first means for conducting current between the first
power generating winding and the first output when the first output
voltage falls below a first threshold; second means for conducting
current between the second power generating winding and the second
output when the second output voltage falls below a second
threshold; and means for increasing current through the field
source when either one of the first and second output voltages
falls below the respective threshold and for decreasing current
through the field source when both of the first and second output
voltages exceed the respective threshold.
23. The invention of claim 22 wherein the field source comprises a
field winding.
Description
REFERENCE TO APPENDIX
[0001] This specification includes an appendix A (pages i-xxxiii),
which includes a listing of a computer program included in the
preferred embodiment described below, and a schematic diagram
useful in applying this listing. This Appendix includes copyrighted
subject matter, and the assignee of the present invention retains
all copyright rights, other than the right to reproduce the
Appendix as a portion of the attached specification.
BACKGROUND
[0002] This invention relates to an electrical generator such as an
alternator that is capable of providing current at two separate
voltages.
[0003] A modern vehicle uses an alternator to power the vehicle's
electrical system and to recharge a battery that provides standby
electric power whenever the vehicle engine is not operating or when
insufficient electric power is available from the alternator. The
alternator includes a field winding, stator windings, and a
rotating shaft that is driven through some arrangement by an
engine. Rectifiers are used to convert the alternating current
generated by the stator windings into direct current for battery
charging and other electric loads. A voltage regulator senses the
alternator output voltage and controls the field coil current to
maintain a constant voltage according to the regulator's internal
voltage reference as external electric loads are added and removed,
within the limits of the alternator output power capacity. This is
generally achieved by causing current to flow through the field
winding whenever output voltage drops below the reference voltage,
and stopping the flow of current through the field winding whenever
the output voltage rises above the reference voltage.
[0004] The appropriate regulator reference voltage is determined by
the battery charging voltage needed for the particular application,
and the vehicle electrical system typically is designed to operate
at this voltage. The reference voltage is often designed with
temperature compensation because it is desirable for battery
charging that the charging voltage decrease as battery temperature
increases. Alternator output current is produced in the stator
windings when the field winding is conducting current and the
alternator shaft is turning.
[0005] Some vehicles that employ traction motors to drive the
vehicle also use conventional automotive electrical systems for
lighting and electronic systems that operate at either 14 volts or
28 volts. The electric power for the traction motors is typically
derived from a main generator driven by an internal combustion
engine.
[0006] Battery power at 84 volts is typically used to crank the
internal combustion engine and to activate the main generator
field. During normal operation, electric power at either 14 volts
or 28 volts is needed to power the automotive electrical system,
and electric power at 84 volts is needed to keep the
engine-cranking batteries fully charged.
[0007] Prior art dual voltage alternators often provide 14 volt and
28 volt output, because these two voltages are most commonly found
in automotive electrical systems. These systems typically employ a
common stator powered by a field coil to generate the output power
for two voltages that share a common ground. As an example of a
typical arrangement, the field coil is controlled in response to
the 28 volt output only, with no rectifier control on the 28 volt
supply, and the 14 volt supply is controlled via a switched
rectifier such as a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR).
[0008] A potential disadvantage of this common stator arrangement
is that output power at the higher voltage output (e.g. 28 volts)
may not be available at low shaft speeds. This output power
disparity at low shaft speeds may be acceptable if there is not a
significant difference between the two output voltages, and if
output power at both voltages is available at the lowest normal
operating shaft speed. However, as the two output voltages diverge
and the difference between them increases in magnitude (e.g. 28
volts-14 volts=14 volts, while 84 volts-28 volts=56 volts), output
at the higher voltage may not be available except at a high
alternator shaft speed. For example, an engine-driven common stator
alternator operating at engine idle speed may have some 28 volt
output current, but no 84 volt output current, unless the engine
speed is significantly increased.
[0009] It is not apparent that anyone has addressed all of the
above problems in an alternator or voltage regulator design.
However, various systems have been proposed which touch upon some
aspects of the above problems. For example, Mashino, et al., U.S.
Pat. No. 4,788,486, proposes a vehicular power supply system that
includes a field winding that generates a rotating magnetic field
to induce alternating current (AC) voltages in a pair of sets of
armature windings sharing a common ground. The AC voltages of the
armature windings are converted by two groups of rectifiers to
respective DC voltages that in turn charge a pair of batteries in
series. A first voltage regulator controls the current of the field
winding to regulate the first battery voltage. A second voltage
regulator regulates the second battery voltage by connecting and
disconnecting the second battery from a group of rectifiers.
Mashino does not disclose independent switching or control of the
groups of rectifiers. Neither the second voltage regulator nor the
second battery appears to have any effect on the field winding,
which is initially excited and is thereafter self-excited and
modulated according to the value of the first battery.
[0010] Abukawa, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,565, proposes a
generator that generates two voltage outputs. A field winding,
responsive to a predetermined exciting current supplied from a
voltage regulator, induces three-phase AC voltages in a pair of
armature windings. First and second DC voltages are generated at a
pair of output terminals from the AC voltages by two groups of
rectifiers. Abukawa, et al., does not consider voltage regulation
schemes beyond supplying a predetermined exciting current. Neither
group of rectifiers is controlled by the voltage regulator, which
is not illustrated. The armature windings are shown to be in
mechanically close proximity around a drive shaft in FIG. 2 of
Abukawa, and appear to be of the common ground variety. The DC
output voltages appear to be commonly grounded in all pictorial
embodiments of the generator.
[0011] Baumgartner, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,565, proposes a
generator that employs a pair of identically designed stators wound
in mechanically close proximity to attempt to generate two
identical voltage outputs. A field winding supplies the alternator
field. A generally conventional voltage regulator maintains the
proper excitation voltage across the field winding at engine speed
above low idle for AC outputs from the stators that will provide DC
outputs that are as equivalent to each other as possible in
response to balance and unbalanced loads. It appears to be a design
goal that the DC voltage outputs be maintained essentially
identical in magnitude, and that the stators be identical in size
and function. The voltage regulator controls neither group of
rectifiers.
SUMMARY
[0012] A need presently exists for an electrical generator system
(such as an alternator) that is capable of generating electrical
output at two independently controlled output voltages. Preferably,
this generator is capable of independently controlling output
voltages that are significantly different in magnitude. Preferably,
the generator provides the independently controlled output voltages
over a wide range of alternator shaft speeds, over a wide range of
electrical loads, and over a wide range of ambient temperature.
Preferably, the generator communicates with other systems to share
status information and to take action needed to meet the
application operating requirements. Preferably, a more complete
diagnostic indication of the state of the generator is
provided.
[0013] In one aspect, a multiple voltage electrical generator
includes a field source, first and second switched rectifiers, a
first power generating winding, and a second power generating
winding. The first power generating winding is coupled with a first
output via the first switched rectifier. The second power
generating winding is coupled with a second output via the second
switched rectifier. The first output and the first power generating
winding are electrically isolated from the second output and the
second power generating winding.
[0014] In another aspect, a multiple voltage electrical generator
includes a field source, first and second switched rectifiers, a
first power generating winding, and a second power generating
winding. The field source includes opposed first and second sides
separated axially along a drive shaft. The first power generating
winding is disposed on the first side of the field source, and is
coupled with a first output via the first switched rectifier. The
second power generating winding is disposed on the second side of
the field source, and is coupled with a second output via the
second switched rectifier. The first output and the first power
generating winding are electrically isolated from the second output
and the second power generating winding.
[0015] In another aspect, a multiple voltage electrical generator
includes a field source, first and second switched rectifiers, a
first power generating winding, and a second power generating
winding. The field source includes first and second sides spaced
along an axis. The first power generating winding has a center of
mass disposed nearer the first side than the second side of the
field source. The first power generating winding is coupled with a
first output via the first switched rectifier. The second power
generating winding has a center of mass disposed nearer the second
side than the first side of the field source. The second power
generating winding is coupled with a second output via the second
switched rectifier. The first output and the first power generating
winding are electrically isolated from the second output and the
second power generating winding.
[0016] In another aspect, a method for regulating an electrical
generator is presented. The electrical generator includes a field
source and first and second power generating windings. The first
and second power generating windings supply current at first and
second outputs, respectively. Current is conducted between the
first power generating winding and the first output when the first
output voltage falls below a first threshold. Current is conducted
between the second power generating winding and the second output
when the second output voltage falls below a second threshold.
Current is increased through the field source when either one of
the first and second output voltages falls below the respective
threshold.
[0017] In another aspect, a method for regulating an electrical
generator is presented. The electrical generator includes a field
source and first and second power generating windings. The first
and second power generating windings supply current at first and
second outputs, respectively. Current is conducted between the
first power generating winding and the first output when the first
output voltage falls below a first threshold. Current is conducted
between the second power generating winding and the second output
when the second output voltage falls below a second threshold.
Current is decreased through the field source when (1) the first
output voltage exceeds the first threshold and (2) the second
output voltage exceeds the second threshold.
[0018] In another aspect, a multiple voltage electrical generator
includes a field source, first and second power generating
windings, and a voltage regulator. The first and second power
generating windings supply current at respective first and second
outputs. The voltage regulator includes a first means for
conducting current between the first power generating winding and
the first output when the first output voltage falls below a first
threshold. The voltage regulator further includes a second means
for conducting current between the second power generating winding
and the second output when the second output voltage falls below a
second threshold. The voltage regulator also includes a means for
increasing current through the field source when either one of the
first and second output voltages falls below the respective
threshold and for decreasing current through the field source when
both of the first and second output voltages exceed the respective
threshold.
[0019] The foregoing paragraphs have been provided by way of
introduction, and are not intended to limit the scope of the
following claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The accompanying drawings constitute part of this
specification and serve to explain further selected embodiments of
this invention.
[0021] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrical generator such as
an alternator according to a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0022] FIG. 2 is cross-sectional view of an exemplary alternator
embodiment;
[0023] FIG. 3 is a simplified three-dimensional view of several
elements of the embodiment of FIG. 2;
[0024] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 2;
[0025] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a
regulator suitable for use in the alternator of FIG. 4;
[0026] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of software routines executed by the
micro-controller of FIG. 5; and
[0027] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of software routines expanding on a
routine of FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0028] Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an
alternator 100 that operates in accordance with this invention. The
alternator 100 supplies output power to a first electrical system
102 operating at a first voltage V.sub.A and to a second electrical
system 104 operating at a second voltage V.sub.B. Preferably, the
second electrical system 104 is electrically isolated from the
first electrical system 102, and the voltage V.sub.A does not share
a common ground with the voltage V.sub.B. The alternator 100
includes a regulator 106 that is coupled with and preferably
controls a field source 108. In a preferred embodiment, the
regulator 106 is mounted separately from the alternator 100. A
first power generating winding 110 and a second power generating
winding 112 are located in sufficient proximity to the field source
108 such that the field source 108 is capable of inducing voltages
at the first and second power generating windings 110, 112 under
regular performance conditions of the alternator 100. Preferably,
the respective voltages induced at the first and second power
generating windings 110, 112 are fed back to the regulator 106. The
first power generating winding 110 is coupled to a first rectifier
circuit 114, and the second power generating winding 112 is coupled
to a second rectifier circuit 116.
[0029] Preferably, the first rectifier circuit 114 includes a pair
of first output terminals (representing a first output 126 of the
alternator 100) that is coupled to the first electrical system 102,
such that the first power generating winding 110 is coupled to the
pair of output terminals (the first output 126) via the first
rectifier circuit 114. Preferably, the second rectifier circuit 116
includes a pair of second output terminals (representing a second
output 128 of the alternator 100) that is coupled to the second
electrical system 104, such that the second power generating
winding 112 is coupled to the pair of output terminals (the second
output 128) via the second rectifier circuit 116. In other
embodiments, the first rectifier circuit 114 and the second
rectifier circuit 116 can be connected and disconnected to the
respective first and second electrical systems 102, 104 by
respective switches (not shown) external to the regulator 106.
Preferably, the first and second outputs 126, 128 are electrically
isolated from one another and do not share a common ground.
[0030] The regulator 106 is preferably coupled to and preferably
controls the first rectifier circuit 114 via one or more control
lines that feed into one or more respective control terminals
included at the first rectifier circuit 114. The regulator 106 is
preferably coupled to and preferably controls the second rectifier
circuit 116 via one or more control lines that feed into one or
more respective control terminals included at the second rectifier
circuit 116. Preferably, the first and second control terminals are
electrically isolated from one another. In a presently preferred
embodiment, each control terminal is coupled with the trigger input
of a respective silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR).
[0031] The regulator 106 controls the supply of output power to the
first and second electrical systems 102, 104. Preferably, the
regulator 106 controls the supply of output power in order to
regulate and maintain the voltages V.sub.A and V.sub.B at stable
values. Preferably, the regulator 106 includes first and second
internal voltage references or thresholds V.sub.AREF and
V.sub.BREF. Preferably, the voltage V.sub.A is fed back to the
regulator 106 and is compared with the internal voltage reference
V.sub.AREF. In a preferred embodiment, the regulator 106 modulates
a control signal to control the first rectifier circuit 114
according to the result of the comparison with the internal voltage
reference V.sub.AREF. Preferably, the voltage V.sub.B is fed back
to the regulator 106 and is compared with the internal voltage
reference V.sub.BREF. In a preferred embodiment, the regulator 106
modulates a control signal to control the second rectifier circuit
116 according to the result of the comparison with the internal
voltage reference V.sub.BREF.
[0032] Preferably, the first and second rectifier circuits 114, 116
operate as switched rectifier circuits. Preferably, the first and
second rectifier circuits 114, 116 respectively include one or more
switched rectifiers that are responsive to one or more control
signals from the regulator 106. In this way, the regulator 106 can
independently control the respective output current and thus
independently regulate each voltage V.sub.A and V.sub.B.
Preferably, SCRs are utilized in the first and second rectifier
circuits 114, 116 to perform switched rectification of AC
voltages.
[0033] Preferably, the field source 108 is excited by the regulator
106 and generates a magnetic field. The term excite is used broadly
to encompass any method for passing current through the field
source 108, which may be a field winding or a field coil, for
example. In a preferred embodiment, an end of the field source 108
receives an applied voltage to energize the field source 108, while
the regulator 106 is coupled to another end of the field source 108
and controls the current through the field source 108, thus
exciting the field source 108. In a presently preferred embodiment,
the regulator 106 controls the excitation of the field source 108
by modulating a control signal. Preferably, the field source 108
may be turned on or off by the regulator 106 to aid in controlling
the output power of the alternator 100. In other embodiments, the
field source 108 remains on at all times when the alternator 100 is
turned on, and the regulator 106 uses other approaches or
mechanisms, such as controlling the first and second rectifier
circuits 114, 116 to control the output power of the alternator
100. In other embodiments, the field source 108 can be self-excited
once initially energized.
[0034] Generally, the purpose of the field source 108 is to produce
magnetic flux to induce voltages in the first and second power
generating windings 110, 112. The field source 108 can be
implemented in a myriad of ways to accomplish this purpose. The
field source 108 can be implemented in coiled or wound embodiments.
In a preferred embodiment, the field source 108 is a field winding.
The field source 108 can be formed as a bobbin winding, for
example. The field source 108 may also include a winding with
wave-shaped turns. Also, the field source 108 is not limited to a
field winding or a field coil. For example, in another embodiment,
a permanent magnet is utilized as the field source 108 to produce
magnetic flux.
[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the field source 108 includes a
stationary field winding that does not spin or rotate. However, in
other embodiments, the field source 108 includes a field winding
that rotates with a drive shaft to generate a rotating magnetic
field. Most broadly, the field source 108 can remain stationary,
rotate about an axis including its own center of mass, or spin or
rotate around another axis, as appropriate for the application.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the first and second power
generating windings 110 and 112 are each implemented as a group of
stator windings. Preferably, each respective group of stator
windings is implemented as a three-phase winding known to those
skilled in the art as the Wye configuration, although other
configurations or phases are possible, such as the three-phase
Delta configuration. Preferably, the first power generating winding
110 is electrically isolated from the second power generating
winding 112. Preferably, the first power generating winding 110
does not share a common ground with the second power generating
winding 112.
[0037] The power generating windings 110, 112 such as stator
windings preferably remain stationary relative to the drive shaft.
However, it should be understood that the embodiments contemplated
are not limited to stationary windings. In other electrical
generator embodiments the windings can be mounted for rotation.
[0038] Each group of stator windings may be wound on metal
laminations and be used in combination with one or more rotors. As
is known to those skilled in the art, a rotor is the rotating part
of an electrical generator. Preferably, each group of stator
windings has its own associated rotor.
[0039] Although in a presently preferred embodiment, the first and
second power generating windings 110, 112 are implemented as stator
windings with induced voltages from a field winding 108, other
implementations exist. In an exemplary permanent magnet embodiment,
the field source 108 is implemented as a permanent magnet and acts
as a magnetic field source. When utilizing a permanent magnet as
the field source 108 for the first and second windings 110, 112,
shielding may be used. Preferably, a shield is utilized to isolate
the first and second windings 110, 112 from each other to reduce or
eliminate cross-coupling. A non-magnetic material can also be
utilized to reduce or eliminate cross-coupling. The first and
second power generating windings 110, 112 can be implemented on a
single rotor or a separate rotor can be utilized for each of the
first and second windings 110, 112.
[0040] The magnetic field generated by the field source 108
preferably induces voltages at the first and second power
generating windings 110, 112. The induced voltages at the first and
second windings 110, 112 will in general be AC voltage signals. In
the case of stator windings, the relative magnitude of the induced
voltages at the first power generating windings 110, 112 will in
general depend on the relative number of turns of the windings in
the first and second power generating windings 110, 112. The output
power derived from the groups of stator windings is generally
dependent on the wire gauge that is utilized, the number of turns,
and the materials used to form the stator (typically iron, copper,
and steel). Utilizing electrically and physically independent
groups of stator windings allows individual optimization of each
stator with regard to the output power generation desired in
particular applications. This individual optimization of the
stators includes designing for the optimal wire gauge, number of
turns, physical size, lamination and rotor relationship, and
increasing or decreasing the relative amounts of materials utilized
in forming the stator.
[0041] Physical independence of the stators has implications for
the physical placement of the stators relative to each other. In a
preferred embodiment, the stators do not overlap each other. In
this way cross-coupling is reduced. In a presently preferred
embodiment, the stators are physically separated along the axis
defined by the drive shaft of the alternator 100. More broadly,
axial separation of the stators is broadly intended to refer to any
arrangement of the stators that avoids complete overlap of the
stators. Most broadly, the first and second power generating
windings 110, 112 are implemented such that magnetic coupling,
cross coupling, or other mutual coupling effects between the
windings 110, 112 are avoided or reduced to the extent tolerated in
a given application.
[0042] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a presently preferred
dual-voltage embodiment of the alternator 100 that operates in
accordance with this invention. FIG. 3 is a simplified
three-dimensional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2. The alternator
100 includes the drive shaft 146, the first and second rectifier
circuits 114, 116 within a housing 148, first and second rotors
150, 152, first and second stator windings 110, 112, a field
winding 108, four output studs 156 (one of which is shown in FIG.
2) and the regulator 106. In FIG. 2, the regulator 106 is mounted
separately from the alternator 100. The field winding 108 is looped
circumferentially around the drive shaft 146 and is mounted such
that the field winding 108 is stationary during normal operation.
As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first and second stator
windings 110, 112 do not overlap and are axially separated along
the drive shaft 146. The first and second stator windings 110, 112
are disposed or positioned on either side of the field winding 108.
In this embodiment, the field winding 108 and the first and second
stator windings 110, 112 are stationary, while the first and second
rotors 150, 152 rotate or spin with the drive shaft 146 when the
drive shaft 146 is turning. Preferably, the stator windings 110 and
112 are electrically isolated and do not share a common ground.
[0043] In FIG. 3, the drive shaft 146 is illustrated as parallel to
an axis 154. The field winding 108 has opposing first and second
sides 196, 198 separated axially along the drive shaft 146. The
first and second stator windings 110, 112 have respective centers
of mass 192, 194 shown in FIG. 3. For simplicity of illustration,
the first and second stator windings 110, 112 are of uniform volume
and mass and are perfectly radially aligned along the drive shaft
146 and the axis 154. Thus, the centers of mass 192, 194 are
located on the axis 154 at the centers of the first and second
stator windings 110, 112, respectively. In preferred embodiments of
the alternator 100, the center of mass 192 of the stator winding
110 is disposed nearer the first side 196 than the second side 198
of the field winding 108. The first stator winding 110 can also be
disposed entirely on the first side 196 of the field winding 108.
In preferred embodiments of the alternator 100, the center of mass
194 of the second stator winding 112 is disposed nearer the second
side 198 than the first side 196 of the field winding 108. The
second stator winding 112 can also be disposed entirely on the
second side 198 of the field winding 108, opposed to the first side
196.
[0044] The alternator 100 preferably includes the rotors 150, 152.
However, in other embodiments, a single rotor 151 (part of an
exemplary rotor is illustrated with dashed lines in FIG. 3) may be
used. Preferably, the rotor 151 includes a first portion 153 on the
first side 196 of the field winding 108 and a second portion 155 on
the second side 198 of the field winding 108 opposed to the first
side 196. Preferably, the first portion 153 has a greater effect
than the second portion 155 on magnetic coupling between the field
winding 108 and the first stator winding 110. Preferably, the
second portion 155 has a greater effect than the first portion 153
on magnetic coupling between the field winding 108 and the second
power generating winding 112. It should be understood that in some
embodiments the first and second portions 153, 155 of the rotor 151
can refer to two physically distinct and separate rotors, while in
other embodiments one rotor is utilized.
[0045] Generally, an element such as a winding is said to be on one
side of another element such as a winding whether the two elements
are radially aligned or radially offset with respect to the
longitudinal axis.
[0046] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a more detailed embodiment of
the alternator 100 that operates in accordance with this invention.
The alternator 100 includes the regulator 106, a presently
preferred version of which is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 5
and is described in more detail below. In a preferred embodiment,
the regulator 106 is mounted separately from the alternator 100.
The alternator 100 of FIG. 4 further includes a field winding 108,
first and second stator windings 110, 111, and first and second
rectifier circuits 114, 116, all preferably coupled to the
regulator 106 at pins FF through SS.
[0047] The first rectifier circuit 114 includes a pair of first
output terminals (representing a first output 126 of the alternator
100) that is coupled to a first electrical system 102. The second
rectifier circuit 114 includes a pair of second output terminals
(representing a second output 128 of the alternator 100) that is
coupled to a second electrical system 102. Preferably, the first
and second outputs 126, 128 are electrically isolated from one
another and do not share a common ground.
[0048] The first and second electrical systems 102, 104 are
illustrated as external to the alternator 100, but in other
embodiments part or all of the first or second electrical systems
102, 104 can be included in the alternator 100. The first and
second electrical systems 102, 104 of FIG. 4 include respective
first and second direct current electric power busses or batteries
118, 120 and can include respective first and second switched
electrical loads 122, 124. The first and second batteries 118, 120
preferably provide power to the first and second switched loads
122, 124 (or other loads, not shown), respectively, when the
switches are closed. The first and second batteries 118, 120 have
respective DC output voltages of V.sub.A and V.sub.B.
[0049] In a presently preferred embodiment, the first battery 118
has a nominal charging value of around +28 volts (i.e. V.sub.A=+28
volts), while the second battery 120 has a nominal charging value
of around +84 volts (i.e. V.sub.B=+84 volts).
[0050] Although the first and second batteries 118, 120 may be
referred to in this and other areas of the specification as having
respective nominal values of +28 V and +84 V, the voltages V.sub.A
and V.sub.B are not limited to these values and other voltages, or
other batteries, may be used. It should also be understood that the
value of the first and second batteries 118, 120 voltages will
generally vary as loads are added or removed or as the batteries
118, 120 are overcharged or undercharged. Preferably, one purpose
of the regulator 106 is to maintain the respective voltages V.sub.A
and V.sub.B at relatively stable values.
[0051] During normal operation, the alternator 100 of FIG. 4 is
controlled by the regulator 106. The regulator 106 preferably
controls the current through the field winding 108 via a first
internally generated control signal 162 (shown in FIG. 5) to
produce a magnetic field to induce AC voltages on the first and
second stator windings 110, 112. The first control signal 162 can
be either an analog or a digital control signal, depending on the
embodiment of regulator 106 that is employed. Preferably, the first
and second stator windings 110, 112 are each implemented in a
three-phase Wye configuration as illustrated in FIG. 4. Preferably,
the first and second stator windings 110, 112 do not share a common
ground and are electrically as well as physically isolated from one
another to avoid cross-coupling or similar mutual effects.
[0052] The AC phase voltages of the second stator windings 112 are
input to the regulator 106 at respective pins KK, LL, and MM. The
AC phase voltage outputs of the second stator windings 112 are also
each coupled to a respective switched rectifier of the second
rectifier circuit 116. The second rectifier circuit 116 includes
three SCRs 174, 176, 178 and three diodes 186, 188, 190. The SCRs
174, 176, 178 are configured to receive respective trigger signals
from the regulator 106. The trigger signal preferably switches the
SCR on and off, thus controlling conduction of the SCR and
rectification of the AC phase voltage of the second stator windings
112. In this way, the regulator 106 controls the current to the
second battery 120 and thus the output voltage V.sub.B of the
second battery 120. The regulator 106 preferably controls the
trigger signals at pins QQ, RR, and SS to the SCRs 174, 176, 178 of
the second rectifier circuit 116 via a second internally generated
control signal 164 (shown in FIG. 5). The second control signal 164
can be either an analog or a digital control signal, depending on
the embodiment of regulator 106 that is employed.
[0053] Each of the AC phase voltages of the first stator windings
110 are input to the regulator 106 at respective pins HH, II, and
JJ. The AC phase voltage outputs of the first stator windings 110
are also each coupled to a respective switched rectifier of the
first rectifier circuit 114. The first rectifier circuit 114
includes three SCRs 168, 170, 172 and three diodes 180, 182, 184.
The SCRs 168, 170, 172 are configured to receive respective trigger
signals from the regulator 106. The trigger signal preferably
switches the SCR on and off, thus controlling conduction of the SCR
and rectification of the AC phase voltage of the first stator
windings 110. In this way, the regulator 106 controls the current
to the first battery 118 and thus the output voltage V.sub.A of the
first battery 118. The regulator 106 preferably controls the
trigger signals at pins NN, OO, and PP to the SCRs 168, 170, 172 of
the rectifier circuit 114 via a third internally generated control
signal 166 (shown in FIG. 5). The third control signal 166 can be
either an analog or a digital control signal, depending on the
embodiment of regulator 106 that is employed.
[0054] FIG. 5 provides a block diagram of a presently preferred
embodiment of the regulator 106 that operates in accordance with
this invention. The regulator 106 includes a micro-controller 160,
a field driver transistors circuit 130, a first SCR control and AC
voltage sense circuit 134, a second SCR control and AC voltage
sense circuit 132, a temperature sense circuit 138, a V.sub.A
voltage sense circuit 140, a voltage supply V.sub.DD regulation
circuit 142, a V.sub.B regulation and voltage sense circuit 136,
and a diagnostic light emitting diode (LED) circuit 144.
[0055] The micro-controller 160 of regulator 106 executes a set of
software routines at a rate determined by a clock signal generated
by a clock. The micro-controller 160 includes a digital signal
processor, an analog-to-digital converter, and suitable memories. A
variety of micro-controllers may be used. For example, the
micro-controller offered by Motorola as Part No. MC 68HC11 has been
found suitable.
[0056] The regulator 106 as depicted in FIG. 5 has been adapted for
use with the alternator 100 shown in FIG. 4. The connector pins are
designated AA through SS. There are therefore nineteen input or
output pins illustrated on the regulator 106, the same as depicted
in FIG. 4. Three of the nineteen signals are essentially derived
from the same signal during normal operation so that the regulator
106 is preferably implemented with seventeen input or output pins.
The nineteen signals and the nineteen pins as well as the circuits
of the regulator 106 are described as follows:
[0057] AA (Eng-in) represents the energize signal, which is
operated to bring the regulator 106 into operation and to
initialize and supply power to the micro-controller 160. The
energize signal is preferably derived from the first battery 118
and passes through a variety of control switches (illustrated as an
open switch in FIG. 4) before it arrives at the designated
regulator pin. In a presently preferred embodiment, the first
battery 118 has a nominal value of 28 volts. Of course, the first
battery 118 is not limited to this value and other voltages may be
used. The state of the energize signal may selected by an ignition
switch (IGNITION in FIG. 4) or a power switch controlled by an
operator. Of course, in other embodiments the energize signal can
originate from the second battery 120 or from a power source
distinct from the first and second batteries 118, 120. In some
applications alternator operation is self-energized and the
energize signal is generated after the alternator shaft begins
turning. In such cases this signal is internal to the alternator
and the regulator 106, and no external signal is supplied.
[0058] GG (Field-Pos) represents the side of the field winding 108
that is initially supplied with power by the energize signal. In
FIGS. 4 and 5 GG is illustrated as a pin 10 on the regulator 106.
In other embodiments, the regulator 106 does not have a pin GG and
the field winding 108 is connected directly to the node of the
energize signal (at pin AA) externally to the regulator 106.
[0059] BB (Apos-in) represents the voltage of the first battery 118
as measured at this pin. This signal is also called V.sub.A voltage
sense. In a presently preferred embodiment, the first battery 118
has a nominal value of 28 volts. This signal is identical to the
energize signal, except that this signal is preferably connected
directly to the first battery 118 with no intervening control
switches.
[0060] CC (Aneg-in) represents the ground reference of the first
battery 118. This signal is widely used throughout the regulator
106 as a ground reference for voltage measurements (V.sub.SS in
FIG. 4). The voltage from the pin BB to the pin CC is the first
battery 118 voltage V.sub.A.
[0061] DD (Bpos-in) represents the voltage of the second battery
120 as measured at this pin. This signal is also called V.sub.B
voltage sense. In a presently preferred embodiment, the second
battery 120 has a nominal value of 84 volts.
[0062] EE (Bneg-in) represents the ground reference of the second
battery 120. The voltage from the pin DD to the pin EE is the
second battery 120 voltage V.sub.B. This signal is preferably
utilized in the V.sub.B regulation and voltage sense circuit 136 as
one ground reference for the V.sub.B regulation. Preferably, this
signal is electrically isolated from the signal V.sub.SS (Aneg-in)
at pin CC. In a presently preferred embodiment, optoisolators or
optocouplers are utilized to isolate the ground of voltage V.sub.B
at pin EE from the ground of voltage V.sub.A (V.sub.SS) and to
interface the V.sub.B regulation and voltage sense circuit 136 with
other circuits of the regulator 106. As is known to those skilled
in the art, optoisolators couple electrical circuits without making
direct wiring connections. Rather, a photodetector on one side of
the device is responsive to light from a light source on the other
side of the device. A typical limit on the isolation provided by an
optoisolator is 1500 V peak (1060 V rms).
[0063] FF (Field-neg) represents the switched side of the field
winding 108 that is controlled by the regulator 106 via the first
control signal 162 and the field driver transistors circuit 130 to
excite the field winding 108.
[0064] HH, II, JJ (Phase voltages A) represent the three AC phase
voltages of the first stator windings 110. These signals are input
to the first SCR control and AC voltage sense circuit 134. In some
embodiments of the regulator 106, the AC phase voltages of the
first stator windings 110 are utilized to infer the speed of the
drive shaft of the alternator 100.
[0065] KK, LL, MM (Phase voltages B) represent the three AC phase
voltages of the second stator windings 112. These signals are input
to the second SCR control and AC voltage sense circuit 132. In some
embodiments of the regulator 106, the AC phase voltages of the
second stator windings 110 are utilized to infer the speed of the
drive shaft of the alternator 100.
[0066] NN, OO, PP (Control/Trigger Signal to SCRs) represent the
three control or trigger signals output from the first SCR control
circuit 134 to the control or trigger inputs of respective SCRs
168, 170, 172. The control signals are controlled by the regulator
106 via the third control signal 166 and the first SCR control
circuit 134 and are preferably electrically isolated from the
control or trigger signals at pins QQ, RR, and SS.
[0067] QQ, RR, SS (Control/Trigger Signal to SCRs ) represent the
three control or trigger signals output from the second SCR control
circuit 132 to the control or trigger inputs of respective SCRs
174, 176, 178. The control signals are controlled by the regulator
106 via the second control signal 164 and the first SCR control
circuit 134 and are preferably electrically isolated from the
control or trigger signals at pins NN, OO, and PP.
[0068] Diagnostic LED circuit 144
[0069] A tri-color, diagnostic, light emitting diode (LED) mounted
on the regulator 106 and coupled to the micro-controller 160
receives commands from the micro-controller 160 that correspond to
block 270 of the flow chart in FIG. 6. The operation of the
diagnostic LED circuit 144 is explained in more detail below with
reference to the FIG. 6.
[0070] Temperature Sense circuit 138
[0071] This circuit 138 generates an analog voltage proportional to
the ambient temperature as measured by a temperature sensor
included for the sake of convenience within the regulator 106
enclosure. Any appropriate temperature responsive device may be
mounted remotely if wiring is provided for the temperature signal.
Other embodiments of the regulator 106 include temperature sensors
for other parameters, such as stator winding temperature, field
coil temperature, and bearing temperature.
[0072] Field Driver Transistors circuit 130
[0073] The micro-controller 160 generates a first control signal
162 for the field driver transistors circuit 130 that controls the
current flowing through the field winding 108 of FIG. 4. In a
presently preferred embodiment, the first control signal 162
switches a buffer stage of MOSFETs that in turn switches a field
stage of MOSFETs to control the current through the field winding
108 at pin FF. Of course, other implementations are possible and
the field driver transistor circuit 130 is not limited to this
preferred embodiment.
[0074] Voltage Supply V.sub.DD Regulation circuit 142
[0075] The energize signal (preferably at V.sub.A volts) that is
preferably responsive to the ignition switch (shown in FIG. 4)
controlled by an operator enters the circuit 142 after buffering
and generates a supply voltage V.sub.DD to power the
micro-controller 160 and the regulator 106. Preferably, the supply
voltage V.sub.DD is five (5) volts, but is not limited to this
value. The value of V.sub.DD will in general depend on the supply
voltage required by the micro-controller 160. In addition, the
circuit 142 preferably provides a RESET input to the
micro-controller 160 that acts as a safety signal to provide
voltage to turn off the micro-controller 160.
[0076] First SCR Control and AC Voltage Sense circuit 134
[0077] The micro-controller 160 generates a third control signal
166 for the first SCR control circuit 134 that controls the control
or trigger signals to the SCRs 168, 170, 172 of the first rectifier
circuit 114 of FIG. 4. In a presently preferred embodiment, this is
accomplished by applying the third control signal 166 to the base
of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). As the BJT is turned on and
off responsively to the third control signal 166, the BJT
effectively toggles the control or trigger inputs of each of the
three SCRs of the first rectifier circuit 114 of FIG. 4 via three
respective optoisolators. The optoisolators serve to electrically
isolate portions of the regulator 106 circuitry from the AC phase
voltages and the output voltages and indirectly the output voltages
V.sub.A and V.sub.B from one another.
[0078] Second SCR Control and AC Voltage Sense circuit 132
[0079] The micro-controller 160 generates a second control signal
164 for the second SCR control 132 that controls the control or
trigger signals to the SCRs 174, 176, 178 of the second rectifier
circuit 116 of FIG. 4. In a presently preferred embodiment, this is
accomplished by applying the second control signal 164 to the base
of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). As the BJT is turned on and
off responsively to the second control signal 164, the BJT
effectively toggles the control or trigger inputs of each of the
three SCRs of the second rectifier circuit 116 of FIG. 4 via three
respective optoisolators. The optoisolators serve to electrically
isolate portions of the regulator 106 circuitry from the AC phase
voltages and the output voltages and indirectly the output voltages
V.sub.A and V.sub.B from one another.
[0080] V.sub.A Voltage Sense circuit 140
[0081] During normal operation, the first battery 118 voltage
V.sub.A appears as the V.sub.A voltage sense signal at pin BB,
which is buffered by capacitors and resistors and a Zener diode at
the V.sub.A voltage sense circuit 140 to protect the regulator 106
from high transient voltages. Depending on the result of a
comparison of the V.sub.A voltage sense signal with the threshold
voltage V.sub.AREF, the micro-controller 160 provides the third
control signal 166 to the first SCR control circuit 134.
[0082] V.sub.B Regulation and Voltage Sense circuit 136
[0083] The V.sub.B regulation and voltage sense circuit 136
operates as a voltage sensor and monitor for the voltage V.sub.B
that is separate from the micro-controller 160. Preferably, the
micro-controller 160 does respond directly to value of the V.sub.B
voltage, but instead responds to a proxy signal that serves as an
indirect indication that the voltage V.sub.B exceeds or is below
the threshold voltage V.sub.BREF. In a presently preferred
embodiment, optoisolators are used to isolate the circuit 136 from
other circuits in the regulator 106, and provide electrical
isolation of outputs V.sub.A and V.sub.B. The energize signal turns
on or enables the V.sub.B regulator circuit 136 via an
optoisolator. A Zener diode is used as the voltage reference for
the voltage V.sub.B and a comparator generates the proxy signal via
another optoisolator. The micro-controller 160 reads the proxy
signal which preferably has a value of either V.sub.DD (preferably
five volts) or V.sub.SS (preferably zero volts). The proxy signal
indicates whether the voltage V.sub.B read at pin DD and ground
referenced to pin EE exceeds the threshold voltage V.sub.BREF that
is internal to the V.sub.B regulation and voltage sense circuit
136. Of course, the proxy signal can be assigned other values, and
other mechanisms can be utilized to read the voltage V.sub.B and
compare the voltage V.sub.B to the reference or threshold voltage
V.sub.BREF either directly or indirectly with respect to
micro-controller 160.
[0084] The V.sub.B monitoring function of the V.sub.B regulation
and voltage sense circuit 136 preferably includes a dead band. If
the measured voltage V.sub.B is above some value X (85 volts and
above, for example), then the proxy signal indicates to the
micro-controller 160 that the voltage V.sub.B is high. If the
measured voltage V.sub.B is below some value Y (83 volts and below,
for example), then the proxy signal indicates to the
micro-controller 160 that the voltage V.sub.B is low. These
boundary values provide a desired hysteresis. Since the voltage
V.sub.B may be relatively large (84 volts in a presently preferred
embodiment), plus or minus one volt (for example) may not be an
unacceptable amount for the regulated voltage V.sub.B to vary from
the reference or threshold value V.sub.BREF. Of course, it should
be understood that these values are exemplary, and the dead band is
not limited to these boundary values. The boundary values will
generally vary from these exemplary values depending on what amount
of variation in the regulated voltage V.sub.B is tolerated in a
given application.
[0085] FIG. 6 is a flow chart 200 of the overall program software
for the micro-controller micro-controller 160 (shown in FIG. 4) of
the regulator 106 of FIGS. 4 and 5. The normal operating sequence
begins with the appearance of the energize signal at pin AA of the
regulator 106 (represented by block 202), which causes the
initialization subroutine of block 204 to be executed. A
calibration decision point in block 206 is active only during a
factory setup calibration procedure, so in normal operation blocks
208 and 210 are not executed and the routine proceeds to block 212.
In block 212, the energize counter maintains a count of the total
number of times the regulator 106 has been energized. The bank
pointer addresses an internal memory of the micro-controller 160 in
block 214 that is used to store the maximum temperature measured by
the regulator 106 during the respective energizing.
[0086] In block 216, the temperature is read from the temperature
sense circuit 138 and a compensation factor is computed that is
applied in block 218 as a temperature compensation to stored
limits. Preferably, temperature compensation is applied to the
reference voltage V.sub.AREF. Another aspect of temperature
compensation is to adjust for bias between the actual device
temperature and the location at which the temperature transducer is
located for those circumstances where direct measurement is not
practical.
[0087] In the presently preferred embodiment, the voltage reference
V.sub.BREF is not temperature compensated by the micro-controller
160 or by control logic, since the micro-controller 160 does not
receive or monitor the value of the voltage reference V.sub.BREF
directly. The V.sub.B regulation and voltage sense circuit 136 does
provide some degree of negative temperature compensation arising
from the use of a Zener diode, and temperature of the voltage
reference can be controlled on a discrete component basis.
Similarly, other components can be used or calibrations can be
applied to adjust and compensate the voltage reference V.sub.BREF
for temperature. In other embodiments, direct temperature
compensation of the voltage reference V.sub.BREF occurs externally
to the micro-controller 160. In other embodiments, both voltage
references V.sub.ABREF and V.sub.BREF are read, monitored, or
controlled directly by the micro-controller 160 and can thus be
temperature compensated in a similar fashion.
[0088] In block 220, the proxy signal described above is read from
the V.sub.B regulation and voltage sense circuit 136. The proxy
signal indicates whether the voltage V.sub.B read between pin DD
and ground reference pin EE exceeds the threshold voltage
V.sub.BREF that is internal to the V.sub.B regulation and voltage
sense circuit 136. Of course, the proxy signal can be assigned
other values, and other mechanisms can be utilized to read the
voltage V.sub.B and compare the voltage V.sub.B to the reference or
threshold voltage V.sub.BREF either directly or indirectly with
respect to micro-controller 160.
[0089] In block 222, the V.sub.A voltage sense input that appears
at pin BB is read after buffering by the V.sub.A voltage sense
circuit 140.
[0090] Next, a subroutine block 230 is executed to compare the
voltage V.sub.A read in block 222 to the programmed,
temperature-compensated voltage regulation setting V.sub.AREF and
to process the proxy signal read in from the V.sub.B regulation and
voltage sense circuit 136 in block 220, and to turn the following
three signals on or off:
[0091] 1. The first control signal 162 from the micro-controller
160 to the field driver transistors circuit 130 to control the
field winding 108;
[0092] 2. The second control signal 164 from the micro-controller
160 to the second SCR control circuit 132 to control the SCRs 174,
176, 178; and
[0093] 3. The third control signal 166 from the micro-controller
160 to the first SCR control circuit 134 to control the SCRs 168,
170, 172.
[0094] The subroutine block 230 is described in more detail below
with reference to FIG. 7.
[0095] In block 260, a handshake operation is performed to check
the operation of the field winding 108 of FIG. 4. If the field
winding 108 is on when it is supposed to be off, or vice versa, the
information is presented to the diagnostic LED circuit 144 by the
micro-controller 160.
[0096] Block 270 controls a tri-color, diagnostic, light emitting
diode (LED) included in the diagnostic LED circuit 144. During
normal operation the alternator 100 uses two signals to increase
the respective voltage V.sub.B or V.sub.A. The first control signal
162 will be sent to the field winding 108 and respective second or
third control signal 164, 166 will be sent to the appropriate SCRs
of the first and second rectifier circuits 114, 116. In the event
of a fault such as a shorted field transistor or a shorted SCR, the
respective voltage V.sub.A or V.sub.B may increase without control.
For this reason the micro-controller 160 program preferably
includes logic to protect the alternator 100 from over-voltage.
[0097] In a presently preferred embodiment, if the micro-controller
160 measures a steady high voltage at V.sub.A (for example 31 volts
relative to a reference value of 28 volts) for more than 3 seconds,
the micro-controller 160 will turn off the first, second, and third
control signals 162, 164, 166 and maintain this logic state until
the energize signal is recycled.
[0098] In a presently preferred embodiment, if the micro-controller
160 attempts to turn off the SCRs of the second rectifier circuit
116 by producing an off signal at the second control signal 164 for
more than 3 seconds, the micro-controller 160 will turn off the
first, second, and third control signals 162, 164, 166 and maintain
this logic state until the energize signal is recycled.
[0099] The tri-color, diagnostic, LED analyzes the performance of
the alternator 100 according to the following presently preferred
indicator modes:
[0100] Blinking green: Both voltages V.sub.A and V.sub.B are at
their respective regulated settings or thresholds and operation is
under control.
[0101] Blinking Yellow: Either the voltage V.sub.A or the voltage
V.sub.B is below its respective regulated setting or threshold. The
alternator 100 is either not producing power or the circuit is
overloaded.
[0102] Blinking Red: Either the voltage V.sub.A or the voltage
V.sub.B is above its respective regulated setting or threshold.
This situation may occur intermittently with high voltage
transients or a system fault.
[0103] Steady Yellow: The alternator 100 is shut down and is not
producing power at either voltage V.sub.A or V.sub.B due to
persistent over-voltage detected at V.sub.A (the V.sub.A
over-voltage protection described above). The regulator 106 will
remain in this mode until the energize signal is recycled.
[0104] Steady Red: The alternator 100 is shut down and is not
producing power at either voltage V.sub.A or V.sub.B due to
persistent over-voltage detected at V.sub.B (the V.sub.B
over-voltage protection described above). This may occur, for
example, if the second battery 120 at V.sub.B is disconnected. The
regulator 106 will remain in this mode until the energize signal is
recycled.
[0105] Fast Blinking Yellow: In this mode, redundant control by the
regulator 106 is lost. The alternator 100 should be serviced as
soon as possible for fault in the system, the regulator 106 or in
system wiring. The voltage V.sub.B will continue to be charged, but
the voltage V.sub.A will default to a lower regulated voltage (such
as 26 volts if V.sub.A is nominally 28 V) to alert an operator to a
control malfunction. The regulator 106 will remain in this mode
until the energize signal is recycled.
[0106] Fast Blinking Red: In this mode, control of the alternator
100 by the regulator 106 is lost, and the voltage V.sub.A or
V.sub.B may rise uncontrollably. The output power leads of the
alternator 100 should be disconnected immediately.
[0107] Block 290 applies when a communication port (not shown) is
active to convey information from the alternator 100 to either a
monitoring or systems control module. The communication port may
send and receive status, or it may send and receive commands to
change a parameter being monitored. Typical status information
preferably includes output voltage, output current, shaft speed,
temperature, efficiency, input power, and output power being
produced as a percent of maximum rated output power at given shaft
speed. An external controller can use this information to regulate
shaft speed or to control applied electrical loads that affect the
alternator power demand. Communication input signals can be used to
change programmed limits. For example, shaft speed information can
be used as part of a speed governor circuit in an auxiliary power
unit that couples the alternator to a dedicated engine, and the
governed speed will be dependent on the model alternator and type
engine used. Programmed limits are tailored to specific alternator
models. Regulated voltage settings are precisely set for each
individual alternator during calibration.
[0108] FIG. 7 describes in detail the operation of the subroutine
performed in block 230 of FIG. 6. Block 232 represents the
beginning of block 230. Block 234 is a decision point that
determines whether the value of V.sub.B is high relative to the
reference voltage V.sub.BREF. If the voltage V.sub.B is high, block
236 is executed. Block 236 is a decision point that determines
whether the value of V.sub.A is high relative to the reference
voltage V.sub.AREF. If the voltage V.sub.A is high, block 238 is
executed. Block 238 is a command to turn off the field winding 108
and to turn off the SCRs 174, 176, 178 of the second rectifier
circuit 116. Block 240 is a delay that follows execution of the
command at block 238. In a presently preferred embodiment, the
delay of block 240 is four milliseconds (ms) in length. Of course,
the delay can be set at other values.
[0109] Returning to the decision point at block 236, if the voltage
V.sub.B is high and the voltage V.sub.A is not high, block 244 is
executed. Block 244 is a command to turn off the SCRs 174, 176, 178
of the second rectifier circuit 116. Block 240 is the delay that
follows execution of the command at block 244.
[0110] Returning to the decision point at block 234, if the voltage
V.sub.B is not high, block 242 is executed. Block 242 is a command
to turn on the field winding 108 and to turn on the SCRs 174, 176,
178 of the second rectifier circuit 116. Block 240 is the delay
that follows execution of the command at block 242.
[0111] Following the delay at block 240, block 246 is a decision
point that determines whether the value of V.sub.A is high relative
to the reference voltage V.sub.AREF. If the voltage V.sub.A is
high, block 248 is executed. Block 248 is a decision point that
determines whether the value of V.sub.B is high relative to the
reference voltage V.sub.BREF. If the voltage V.sub.B is high, block
250 is executed. Block 250 is a command to turn off the field
winding 108 and to turn off the SCRs 168, 170, 172 of the first
rectifier circuit 114. Block 252 is a delay that follows execution
of the command at block 250. In a presently preferred embodiment,
the delay of block 252 is four milliseconds (ms) in length. Of
course, the delay can be set at other values than this exemplary
value. Although in this example, the delay of block 252 is
equivalent to the delay of block 240, this need not be the case and
the delay times can differ from each other as desired in other
implementations of the subroutine performed in block 230.
[0112] Returning to the decision point at block 248, if the voltage
V.sub.A is high and the voltage V.sub.B is not high, block 258 is
executed. Block 258 is a command to turn off the SCRs 168, 170, 172
of the first rectifier circuit 114. Block 252 is the delay that
follows execution of the command at block 258.
[0113] Returning to the decision point at block 246, if the voltage
V.sub.A is not high, block 256 is executed. Block 256 is a command
to turn on the field winding 108 and to turn on the SCRs 168, 170,
172 of the first rectifier circuit 114. Block 252 is the delay that
follows execution of the command at block 256.
[0114] As described above, the field winding 108 is controlled with
the first control signal 162 (from the micro-controller 160) that
is input to the field driver transistors 130 block of FIG. 4. The
SCRs 168, 170, 172 of the first rectifier circuit 114 are
controlled with the third control signal 166 that is input to the
first SCR control circuit 134 of FIG. 4. The SCRs 174, 176, 178 of
the second rectifier circuit 116 are controlled with the second
control signal 164 that is input to the second SCR control circuit
132 of FIG. 4.
[0115] The rationale behind the delay time in blocks 240 and 252 is
to delay the actual switching of the field winding 108. With no
delay, the subroutine block 230 would be executed quite fast and
the entire flow chart loop would cycle very fast. The subroutine
block 230 may execute in less than one millisecond, for example.
This may result in a fast on-off switching of the field winding
108, which is undesirable because components such as the switched
transistors of the field driver transistors circuit 130 of the
regulator 106 may heat up and threaten performance of the regulator
106 and the field winding 108. More generally, some regulator 106
components would be unnecessarily overworked. Delaying the actual
switching of the field winding 108 by inserting delays in the
subroutine block 230 effectively delays the execution of the entire
flow chart. Preferably, the delay times are selected so as to not
affect regulator 106 control of the output voltages V.sub.A and
V.sub.B and the field winding 108 while limiting overuse of the
switching components of the regulator 106. Although any delay times
can be used consistent with balancing these objectives, combined
times for the delay blocks together of around six to twenty
milliseconds (ms) have been found suitable. In the presently
preferred embodiment, each delay block 240 and 252 has been
assigned a delay time value of four milliseconds (ms). As an
alternative, an interrupt driven system can be used instead of the
disclosed delays.
[0116] Of course, it should be understood that the field winding
108 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 can be controlled in a variety of ways.
The first control signal 162 of FIG. 4 generally turns the current
through the field winding 108 on or off. However, in other
embodiments the excitation of the field winding 108 current can be
incrementally increased or decreased. In a presently preferred
embodiment, the field winding 108 is controlled by the subroutine
block 230 of FIGS. 6 and 7 and checked for proper operation in
block 260. In this way, the field winding 108 can be changed each
time the control loop of FIG. 6 is executed. In other embodiments,
an interrupt driven system can be utilized to check the value of
the current and thereupon introduce a command to control the
current through the field winding 108. In another embodiment, the
field winding 108 is turned on responsively to an ignition switch
and remains on indefinitely.
[0117] It may be advantageous for other purposes to vary the field
winding 108 current in a differing but complementary fashion to the
procedure outlined in subroutine block 230. For example, a field
winding 108 current having a prescribed duty cycle may be utilized
in certain applications. In one embodiment, the field current is
switched ON, OFF, or ON via the field driver transistors circuit
130 for a fixed interval depending upon the result of two separate
comparisons that are used for regulation purposes:
[0118] 1. a comparison of a current output voltage as it relates to
a voltage regulation setting (as in the subroutine of block
230;
[0119] 2. a comparison of the current output current as it relates
to a programmed current limit. An average field switching circuit
(not shown in FIG. 5 can be included in the regulator 106 to
produce a voltage proportional to the time within a period that the
field winding 108 is conducting current (e.g. duty cycle).
[0120] A presently preferred method for regulating the alternator
100 includes the following:
[0121] The regulator 106 increases the current through the field
source 108 when either one of the first and second output voltages
V.sub.A, V.sub.B falls below the respective threshold V.sub.AREF,
V.sub.BREF.
[0122] The regulator 106 decreases the current through the field
source 108 when (1) the first output voltage V.sub.A exceeds the
first threshold V.sub.AREF and (2) the second output voltage
V.sub.B exceeds the second threshold V.sub.BREF. That is, when both
of the first and second output voltages V.sub.A, V.sub.B exceed the
respective threshold V.sub.AREF, V.sub.BREF, the regulator 106
decreases the current through the field source 108.
[0123] The regulator 106 controls the first rectifier circuit 114
to conduct current between the first power generating winding 110
and the first output 126 when the first output voltage V.sub.A
falls below the first threshold V.sub.AREF.
[0124] The regulator 106 controls the second rectifier circuit 116
to conduct current between the second power generating winding 112
and the second output 128 when the second output voltage V.sub.B
falls below the second threshold V.sub.BREF.
[0125] The regulator 106 interrupts the current between the first
power generating winding 110 and the first output 126 when the
first output voltage V.sub.A exceeds the first threshold
V.sub.AREF.
[0126] The regulator 106 interrupts the current between the second
power generating winding 112 and the second output 128 when the
second output voltage V.sub.B exceeds the second threshold
V.sub.BREF.
[0127] The alternator 100 described above provides a number of
important advantages. The regulator 106 controls power at multiple
outputs by way of controlling a field source such as a field
winding and by switched rectification at each output. Also, the
alternator outputs and power generating windings are electrically
independent and isolated from one another. The physical layout and
the structural configuration of the elements of the alternator 100
such as the stator windings, the field winding, and the rotors
relative to each other and to the drive shaft have implications as
well. For example, axially separate and electrically isolated
stator windings that do not share a common ground can be
individually optimized for power at various operating speeds and
voltages while reducing undesirable coupling effects. It should be
understood that any function or structure described above, as well
as any advantages provided by any function or structure described
above, can be utilized, practiced, or implemented separately in a
wide variety of embodiments. For example, the regulation methods
and functions can control outputs or elements such as windings that
are not electrically isolated, that share a common ground, or are
not independent of each other at all times. As another example, a
permanent magnet can be utilized as the field source 108 and can be
turned on at all times during normal operation. The output voltages
can be regulated without regular switching on or off of the
permanent magnet, but rather by controlling only switched
rectifiers.
[0128] U.S. application Ser. No. 09/338,320, filed Jun. 22, 1999
and herein incorporated by reference, describes an embodiment of a
single voltage alternator regulator that controls both
output-voltage and output current, limits input drive power and
torque, and maintains output power within a prescribed range while
operating over a wide ambient temperature range and shaft speed
range. Voltage, shaft speed and temperature signals are monitored,
and the results are processed to determine the output current and
to control the output power without exceeding the programmed limits
for output voltage, output current, temperature, output power,
drive power, torque, and shaft speed. The embodiment provides a
predictable output power characteristic for the alternator, and it
eliminates high input drive power and torque excursions that occur
at low temperature and certain shaft speeds. If programmed limits
are exceeded over a specified interval, and the alternator does not
respond to the control changes imposed by the regulator, the
regulator will turn off the alternator's field current, activate an
alarm circuit, and set a fault code. The regulator is also capable
of communicating with other control systems to provide status,
specify needs, and respond to requests.
[0129] In other embodiments, the regulator can also store
programmed limits for temperature, output power, efficiency,
percent of rated output capacity, and shaft speed. Such variations
can include controllers for controlling the alternator field
current to maintain alternator operation within these program
limits for one or more of these additional parameters, either alone
or in combination with the parameters used to regulate field
current in the preferred embodiment described in the U.S.
application Ser. No. 09/338,320.
[0130] The regulator 106 can include a generalized extension of the
single voltage alternator regulator embodiments of the U.S.
application Ser. No. 09/338,320, filed Jun. 22, 1999 and can
perform the functions listed above, including controlling both
output voltages and currents, limiting input drive power and
torque, and maintaining output power within a prescribed range
while operating over a wide ambient temperature range and shaft
speed range. In other embodiments, the regulator 106 is also
capable of measuring and providing a signal indicative of the
average field coil current by measuring the field winding duty
cycle and by providing a voltage proportional to the field winding
duty cycle.
[0131] An alternator according to this invention is described
above. However, the embodiments are not limited to an alternator
and can be applied to a variety of devices, for example an
electrical generator. As used herein, the term generator (or
electrical generator) is intended broadly to encompass the widest
range of devices for generating electrical current when a generator
shaft is rotated, including devices such as alternators. Thus, the
term generator encompasses generating devices in which one of the
field source and the first and second power generating windings is
mounted to rotate with the generator shaft, and rotation of the
shaft therefore modifies the electromagnetic interaction between
the field source and the power generating windings. The term
generator also encompasses devices in which both the field source
and the power generating windings are mounted separately from the
generator shaft, and the generator shaft rotates an element that
modifies the electromagnetic interaction between the field source
and the power generating windings.
[0132] As used herein, the term output is intended broadly to refer
to a pair of conductors or output terminals, or to a conductor that
is coupled with an output terminal, with or without intervening
electrical components. The pair of conductors can include a pair of
output terminals, for example. In addition, a conductor can be any
output of the alternator 100 (e.g. an output terminal or a pair of
output terminals).
[0133] As used herein, the term alternator is intended broadly to
encompass embodiments that may or may not incorporate a regulator.
The regulator may be mounted separately from the alternator, or may
be incorporated within the alternator, for example. In a preferred
embodiment of the alternator 100, the regulator is mounted
separately from the alternator 100. However, in other embodiments
the regulator is incorporated within the alternator 100.
[0134] Although two voltages V.sub.A and V.sub.B are illustrated in
FIGS. 1 and 4, in other embodiments the alternator 100 can supply
output power to more than two electrical systems operating at
respective voltages. Preferably, these electrical systems are
electrically isolated from one another and the respective operating
voltages do not share common grounds with each other.
[0135] Preferably, the first electrical system 102 includes a first
battery, with a nominal value of V.sub.A. Preferably, the second
electrical system 104 includes a second battery, with a nominal
value of V.sub.B. Supplying output power to the first electrical
system 102 preferably includes charging the first battery.
Supplying output power to the second electrical system 104
preferably includes charging the second battery. In another
embodiment, the first and second electrical systems 102, 104
include only the first and second batteries, respectively, and the
first and second electrical systems 102, 104 in turn supply voltage
to other, external electrical systems.
[0136] Preferably, the first electrical system 102 includes one or
more loads that receive power from the first battery. Preferably,
the electrical system 104 includes one or more loads that receive
power from the second battery. The loads may be connected or
disconnected to the respective battery as power is needed.
[0137] A reference or threshold voltage such as V.sub.AREF or
V.sub.BREF can be set at a fixed value, or the threshold can be
varied during operation. The threshold may be compensated to
account for operating conditions, including temperature. In
general, a threshold is said to be crossed when the magnitude of
the voltage exceeds the magnitude of the threshold or vice versa.
The threshold can be crossed in either direction, either from below
or from above the threshold. In some embodiments, crossing the
threshold involves hysteresis, so that the threshold is crossed
from below and from above at different values. A threshold is
exceeded when the absolute magnitude of the threshold is exceeded.
For example, a value of --13 volts exceeds a -12 volt threshold.
Similarly, and in this context only, a value is high when it
exceeds a threshold in absolute magnitude, and a value is low when
it falls below a threshold in absolute magnitude.
[0138] In a presently preferred embodiment, the first and second
output voltages V.sub.A and V.sub.B are DC voltages. Of course, it
should be understood that the alternator 100 is not limited to DC
power output, and other embodiments provide an AC power output. In
AC power output embodiments, triacs can be used in place of the
first and second rectifier circuits 114, 116 to provide AC output
current from the respective first and second power generating
windings 110, 112.
[0139] A challenge in designing for one or more AC outputs is
maintaining a stable output frequency. The speed of the drive shaft
of an electrical generator such as an alternator will in general
modulate the output frequency of an AC output. The generation of an
AC output with a stable and reliable output frequency may be
obtained with a fixed speed alternator.
[0140] It should be understood that while the use of SCRs in the
first and second rectifier circuits 114, 116 is preferred, other
elements can be used. The switched rectifier can include a metal
oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), for example.
Of course, more than one device can be used to perform the
rectification, or to perform the switched rectification. In other
embodiments the switched rectifier can be one element, or two or
more elements utilized together as a switched rectifier. For
example, a MOSFET and a diode can be utilized in series to perform
a switched rectification function. More generally, a diode
rectifier can be used in series with a switch, for example.
[0141] Either the negative side or the positive side of a switched
rectifier can be coupled to an AC voltage output. For example, in
FIG. 4, each one of the AC phase voltage outputs of the first and
second stator windings 110, 112 is connected to an SCR on the
positive side and to a diode on the negative side. Other
implementations are possible, however, and the Alternator 100 is
not limited to this preferred embodiment. In another embodiment,
the situation is reversed, and each one of the AC phase voltage
outputs is connected to an SCR on the negative side and to a diode
on the positive side.
[0142] It should be understood that, as used herein, the term
control signal refers broadly to an analog or a digital signal and
encompasses both types of signals.
[0143] The Appendix that forms part of this application includes a
computer listing and a schematic diagram for a presently preferred
embodiment of this invention. This Appendix has been provided to
ensure that one of ordinary skill in the art is able to make and
use the best mode of this invention without undue experimentation,
but is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. In the event
of any inconsistency between the disclosure of the Appendix and the
foregoing detailed description, it is the Appendix that is to
control.
[0144] It should be understood that the steps of the methods
recited herein can be performed in any order consistent with the
recited acts.
[0145] The foregoing detailed description has described only a few
of the many forms that this invention can take. This detailed
description is therefore intended only by way of illustration, and
not limitation. It is only the following claims, including all
equivalents, that are intended to define the scope of this
invention.
1APPENDIX A ;;*************************************-
********************** ;;**Program Name
F:.backslash.S418A.backslas- h.ad20.ASM***********DATE: 10/11/99***
REGBASE EQU $1000 CALBASE EQU $B600 PORTB EQU $04 PORTC EQU $03
PORTD EQU $08 ADCTL EQU $30 ADR1 EQU $31 ADR2 EQU $32 ADR3 EQU $33
ADR4 EQU $34 COPREST EQU $3A DDRC EQU $07 DDRD EQU $09 OPTION EQU
$39 PPROG EQU $3B COPRST EQU $3A BPROT EQU $35 CONFIG EQU $3F TCTL2
EQU $21 TFLG1 EQU $23 TIC3 EQU $14 TMSK1 EQU $22 TMSK2 EQU $24 BAUD
EQU $2B SCCR2 EQU $2D SCDR EQU $2F SCSR2 EQU $2E SCCR1 EQU $2C
AVGREDL EQU $0001 READ1 EQU $0002 ; READ1L EQU $0003 ; READ2 EQU
$0004 READ2L EQU $0005 READ3 EQU $0006 ; READ3L EQU $0007 ; READ4
EQU $0008 ; READ4L EQU $0009 ; AVGRED EQU $000A DELAYN EQU $000B
COUBA EQU $000C PWMT EQU $000D PWMS EQU $000E COPWM EQU $000F
DELAYN2 EQU $0010 DIFFHL EQU $0011 AVGAC EQU $0012 AVGTMP EQU $0013
SOVCOH EQU $0014 OVCOFH EQU $0015 TOVCOH EQU $0016 SETPTH EQU $0017
SETPTL EQU $0018 SETPTH1 EQU $0019 BATFLAG EQU $001A SOVCOL EQU
$001B OVCOFL EQU $001C TOVCOL EQU $001D SETPTL1 EQU $001E SETPTH2
EQU $001F SETPTL2 EQU $0020 SETPTL3 EQU $0021 ; TEMP EQU $0022 ;
AVGREDL1 EQU $0023 CALTMP EQU $0024 ; VAR EQU $0025 CNLOW EQU $0026
; CNHIGH EQU $0027 ; MAXBAN EQU $0028 ; WFLAG EQU $0029 WFLAG2 EQU
$002A SCRSOFF EQU $002B EDGE1 EQU $002C EDGE2 EQU $002D PERIOD EQU
$002E ; PERIODH EQU $002F ; CONRPM EQU $0030 ; NONOBAT EQU $0031 ;
OLDVOL1 EQU $0032 ; OLDVOL EQU $0033 ; PWMTIME EQU $0034 ; IDENT
EQU $0035 ; SENDF EQU $0036 ; OLDINF EQU $0037 ; VARRCOM EQU $0038
; TRNCT EQU $0039 ; TRNCT1 EQU $003A ; CALCOM EQU $003B ; DATA_EE
EQU $003C ; ADD_EE EQU $003D ; ADD_FS EQU $003E ; TMP_OV EQU $003F
; COUNT_1 EQU $0040 ;; COUNT_2 EQU $0041 ;; STDBAT EQU $0042 ;
SETPTL4 EQU $0043 SETPTH3 EQU $0044 FLAG_1 EQU $0045 COUNT_3 EQU
$0046 ;;;; COUNT_4 EQU $0047 ;;;; BLINK EQU $0048 AVG_FLD EQU $0049
; ADD_TL4 EQU $004A FLAG_2 EQU $004B DATA_D EQU $0060 DATA_Y EQU
$0061 DATA_M EQU $0062 ; SN_1 EQU $0063 ; REQ_POT EQU $0065 PRG_V
EQU $0066 REG_C EQU $0067 org $FFD6 ; fdb SCICOM org $FFD8 ; fdb
main org $FFDA ; fdb main org $FFDC ; fdb main org $FFDE ; fdb main
org $FFE0 ; fdb main org $FFE2 ; fdb main org $FFE4 ; fdb main org
$FFE6 ; fdb main org $FFE8 ; fdb main org $FFEA ; fdb main org
$FFEC ; fdb main org $FFEE ; fdb main org $FFF0 ; fdb main org
$FFF2 ; fdb main org $FFF4 ; fdb main org $FFF6 ; fdb main org
$FFF8 ; fdb main org $FFFA ; fdb main org $FFFC ; fdb main org
$FFFE ; fdb main ORG $D000 main LDS #$00FF ; LDX #REGBASE ; LDAB
#$00 ; STAB BPROT,X ; BSET OPTION,X,#$0B LDAB #$02 STAB TMSK2,X CLR
PORTB,X ; LDAA #$55 ; STAA COPRST,X LDY #$004B ; CLEAR CLR 0,Y DEY
BNE CLEAR LDAB #$FF STAB DDRC,X ; STAB DDRD,X STAB PORTC,X STAB
PORTD,X STAB OLDVOL LDAB #01 STAB PWMT ;INITIAL ON DELAY LDAB #$01
STAB COUBA LDAB #$15 ; STAB SOVCOH LDAB #$16 ; STAB SOVCOL LDAB
#$09 STAB PWMS ; STAB AVGTMP ; LDAB #$30 STAB MAXBAN ; LDAA #$AA
STAA COPRST,X LDAA #$8B STAA OPTION,X ; LDAA #$28 DELAY2 DECA ; BNE
DELAY2 JSR SYSVOL ; JSR SYSVOL2 ; JSR SYSTEMP ; JSR SYSCAL ; LDAB
$B62E CMPB #$BB BEQ CONT_P ; LDAB #$11 STAB BPROT,X ; CONT_P JSR
ENCOUNT ; JSR CHK_C ; JSR LOW_REC ; CLR PORTB,X ; LDAB #$FF STAB
PORTC,X CLR PWMTIME LDAA #$30 STAA BAUD,X ; LDAA #$2C ; STAA
SCCR2,X LDAA #00 STAA SCCR1,X LDAB $B609 ; STAB VARRCOM CLI REP
LDAA #$55 ; STAA COPRST,X JSR STTEMP ; JSR SYSTEMP JSR SSVOLL ; JSR
SYSVOL ; JSR SYSVOL2 ; JSR DUALOUT JSR LIGHTS JSR STMAX ; JSR XMIT
; LDAA #$AA ; STAA COPRST,X JSR ST_UP BRA REP SYSCAL LDAA #$00 ;
STAA ADCTL,X AGIN BRCLR ADCTL,X,#$80,AGIN ; LDD ADR1,X ; STAA
READ1L STAB READ2L LDD ADR3,X ; STAA READ3L STAB READ4L CLRA CLRB
ADDD READ1 ; ADDD READ2 ADDD READ3 ADDD READ4 LSRD LSRD CMPB #$90
BHI CONTCAL LDAB $B62F CMPB #$AA BEQ CONTCAL ; RTS CONTCAL LDAB
#$55 STAB COPRST,X LDY #$B5F0 CLR VAR AAAGN LDAB #$AA STAB COPRST,X
LDAB #$10 ABY LDAA #$0E ; STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y LDAA #$0F STAA
PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$55 STAB COPRST,X INC VAR
LDAB VAR CMPB #$14 BHI DDDON BRA AAAGN DDDON LDAB #$AA STAB
COPRST,X LDY #$B61F CLR VAR AAGN INY LDAB #$00 LDAA #$02 STAA
PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; DAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X
INC VAR LDAB VAR CMPB #6 BHI DDON BRA AAGN DDON LDAB #$55 STAB
COPRST,X LDY #$B63F CLR VAR AAGN1 INY LDAB #$AA STAB COPRST,X LDAB
MAXBAN LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X
JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$55 STAB COPRST,X INC VAR LDAB VAR
CMPB #254 RHI DOON BRA AAGN1 DOON LDAB #$AA STAB COPRST,X LDAB
AVGREDL ADDB #09 ; LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B600 ; LDAA #$03 ;
STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB AVGREDL SUBB #09 ; LDAA
#$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B605 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88
CLR PPROG,X LDAB SOVCOH ADDB AVGREDL CMPB #$AA BHI OVC_LO LDAB #$FF
OVC_LO LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B602 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X
JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$55 STAB COPRST,X LDAB #$44 LDAA #$02
STAA PPROG,X STAB $B62E ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X LDAB #$00 LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B630 ; LDAA #$03 ;
STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$AA STAB COPRST,X LDAB
#$00 LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B631 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X
JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB DATA_Y LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB
$B60F ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB
DATA_D LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B60E ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X
JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB DATA_M LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB
$B60D ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$55
STAB COPRST,X LDAB SN_2 LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B60C ; LDAA
#$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB SN_1 LDAA #$02
STAA PPROG,X STAB $B60B ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X LDAB REQ_POT LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B606 ; LDAA #$03
; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB PRG_V LDAA #$02 STAA
PPROG,X STAB $B607 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X LDAB #$AA STAB COPRST,X LDAB REG_C LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X
STAB $B608 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB
CALTMP LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B604 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X
JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$FB LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB
CONFIG,X ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB
#$00 LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B609 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X
JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$55 STAB COPRST,X LDAB CALTMP LDAA
#$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B627 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88
CLR PPROG,X LDAB MAXBAN LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B62A ; LDAA
#$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAA #$30 STAA BAUD,X ;
LDAA #$2C ; STAA SCCR2,X LDAA #00 STAA SCCR1,X CLR PORTB,X ; CLI
CAL1 LDAB #$AA STAB COPRST,X JSR DELAY88 JSR DELAY88 LDAB #$55 STAB
COPRST,X JSR DBLAY88 JSR DELAY88 BSET PORTB,X,#$84 LDAB #$AA STAB
COPRST,X JSR DELAY88 JSR DELAY88 LDAB #$55 STAB COPRST,X JSR
DELAY88 JSR DELAY88 BCLR PORTB,X,#$84 LDAB IDENT CMPB #$43 BEQ
CEN_XGO ; BRA CAL1 CEN_XGO JSR DELAY88 JSR DELAY88 LDAB CALCOM CMPB
#$46 ; BEQ OLDIN11 CMPB #$47 ; BEQ OLDIN21 CMPB #$48 ; BEQ OLDIN31
CMPB #$4A ; BEQ OLDIN41 CMPB #$4B ; BEQ OLDIN51 CMPB #$4C ; BEQ
OLDIN61 CLR CALCOM BRA CAL1 OLDIN11 LDAA #$01 STAA OLDINF ; BRA
CONVAL1 OLDIN21 LDAA #$02 STAA OLDINF ; BRA CONVAL1 OLDIN31 LDAA
#$03 STAA OLDINF BRA CONVAL1 OLDIN41 LDAA #$04 STAA OLDINF ; BRA
CONVAL1 OLDIN51 LDAA #$05 STAA OLDINF ; BRA CONVAL1 OLDIN61 LDAA
#$06 ; STAA OLDINF CONVAL1 CLR CALCOM JSR DELAY88 JSR DELAY88 JSR
DELAY88 JSR CEN_X JMP CAL1 ; RTS DELAY88 LDD #2860 ; LOO7 subd #1
bne LOO7 RTS ENCOUNT LDY #$B620 CLR VAR SSSS LDAA 0,Y INY LDAB 0,Y
CLC ADDA #$01 STAA CNLOW ADCB #$00 STAB CNHIGH DEY ;; DELETE THE
DATA POINTS TWO ADDRESS LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17
STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X INY LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X
STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X DEY LDAB
#$AA STAB COPRST,X LDAB CNLOW LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ;
LDAA #$03 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X INY LDAB CNHIGH LDAA
#$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X INY INC VAR LDAA VAR CMPA #$02 BHI FINIS BRA SSSS FINIS LDY
#$B626 CLR VAR LDAA 0,Y INCA CMPA #$FE BLO SSS1 LDAA #$01 SSS1 STAA
VAR LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR
DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB VAR LDAA #02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA
#$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X
;.sub.--------------------------------------------------------------------
--- ;------------------------check if the temp is
below--------------------------------- LOW_REC LDY #$B627 LDAA 0,Y
CMPA CALTMP BHI LOWER RTS LOWER LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ;
LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB CALTMP LDAA
#$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88
CLR PPROG,X INY ;;;;;;;; LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA
#$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB $B622 LDAA #$02 STAA
PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X
INY LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR
DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB $B623 LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ;
LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X RTS
;;------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ ;;PROCEDURE THAT WILL CHECK IF THE COUNTERS ARE
OK ;;AND WILL REPLACE THE DAMAGED COUNTERS . CLX_Y_Z LDAB #$03 STAB
VAR X_Y_Z LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 ; STAA
PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB #$00 LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X
STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X INY INY
DEC VAR BEQ RERERE BRA X_Y_Z RERERE RTS CHK_C LDAA $B620 CMPA $B622
BEQ SEC_CMP CMPA $B624 BEQ RP_Y_Z LDAB $B622 CMPB $B624 BEQ RP_X_Z
LDY #$B620 BRA CLX_Y_Z RP_X_Z LDY #$B620 BRA REPLACE RP_Y_Z LDY
#$B622 REPLACE LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 ; STAA
PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X ;; WRITE DATA POINTS TO ADDRESS
$B620 OR $B622 0,Y LDAB $B624 LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ;
LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X BRA SEC_SEC
SEC_CMP CMPA $B624 BEQ SEC_SEC LDY #$B624 LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X
STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X ;;
WRITE DATA POINTS TO ADDRESS $B624 0,Y LDAB $B622 LDAA #$02 STAA
PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X
SEC_SEC LDAA $B621 CMPA $B623 BEQ EC_CMP CMPA $B625 BEQ P_Y_Z LDAB
$B623 CMPB $B625 BEQ P_X_Z LDY #$B621 JSR CLX_Y_Z P_X_Z LDY #$B621
BRA EPLACE P_Y_Z LDY #$B623 EPLACE LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y
; LDAA #$17 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X ;; WRITE DATA
POINTS TO ADDRESS $B620 OR $B622 0,Y LDAB $B625 LDAA #$02 STAA
PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X
RTS EC_CMP CMPA $B625 BEQ EC_EC LDY #$B625 LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X
STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X ;;
WRITE DATA POINTS TO ADDRESS $B624 0,Y LDAB $B623 LDAA #$02 STAA
PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X
EC_EC RTS ;;------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------ ;;PROCEDURE THAT WILL
LOAD MEMORY BANK HIGHEST ;;TEMPERATURE NUMBER STTEMP CLC LDY #$B63F
LDAB $B626 ABY LDAA WFLAG CMPA #$16 BEQ RTT LDAA CALTMP CMPA 0,Y
BHI WRITT LDAA #$87 CMPA 0,Y BLO WRITT RTS WRITT LDAA #$16 ; STAA
WFLAG STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88
CLR PPROG,X RTS RTT LDAB CALTMP ; LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ;
LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X CLR WFLAG RTS
;;--------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------- ;;PROCEDURE THAT WILL LOAD
MEMORY $B62A HIGHEST ;;TEMPERATURE NUMBER AND LOADS ENERGIZE
COUNTER ;;$B62C, $B62B WITH NUMBERS STMAX CLC LDY #$B62A LDAA
WFLAG2 CMPA #$16 BEQ RTT2 LDAA CALTMP CMPA 0,Y BHI WRITT2 LDAA #$87
CMPA 0,Y BLO WRITT2 RTS WRITT2 LDY #$B62A LDAA #$16 ; STAA WFLAG2
STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X LDAB CALTMP ; LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ;
STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X RTS RTT2 LDY #$B62B LDAA #$16
; STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X LDAB $B622 ; LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ;
STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X INY LDAA #$16 ;ERASE ONE BYTE
OF ;MEMORY STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR
DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB $B623 ; LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ;
LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X CLR WFLAG2 RTS
;*******************************************************- *****
;******** THE TRANSMIT PROCEDURE FOR DATA ************* XMIT LDAA
SENDF CMPA #$0F BEQ XMIT_C RTS XMIT_C LDAB TRNCT INCB STAB TRNCT
BEQ XMIT_DD RTS XMIT_DD LDAB TRNCT1 CMPB #01 BEQ XMIT_D INCB STAB
TRNCT1 RTS XMIT_D CLR SENDF CLR TRNCT1 LDAA IDENT CMPA #$43 BEQ
CEN_X RTS XXMT1 LDY #$B600 BRA XXXT XXMT2 LDY #$B660 BRA XXXT XXMT3
LDY #$B6C0 BRA XXXT XXMT4 LDY #$B720 BRA XXXT XXMT5 LDY #$B780 BRA
XXXT XXMT6 LDY #$B7A0 BRA XXXT XXXT LDAB #$60 XMT1 LDAA SCSR2,X
LDAA 0,Y ; STAA SCDR,X XMC1 BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMC1 INY DECB BEQ
RETER BRA XMT1 RETER CLR OLDINF RTS CEN_X CLR SENDF CLR IDENT LDAB
SCSR2,X ; LDAA #$43 STAA SCDR,X XMIT1C BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT1C
LDAA OLDINF CMPA #$01 BEQ XXMT1 CMPA #$02 BEQ XXMT2 CMPA #$03 BEQ
XXMT3 CMPA #$04 BEQ XXMT4 CMPA #$05 BEQ XXMT5 CMPA #$06 BEQ XXMT6
CLR OLDINF LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA $B601 ; STAA SCDR,X XMIT2C BRCLR
SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT2C LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA AVGREDL ; STAA SCDR,X XMIT3C
BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT3C LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA CALTMP ; STAA SCDR,X
XMIT4C BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT4C LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA $B600 ; STAA
SCDR,X XMIT44C BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT44C LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA AVGRED
; STAA SCDR,X XMTT5C BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT5C LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA
VARRCOM ; STAA SCDR,X XMIT6C BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT6C LDAB SCSR2,X
LDAA $B606 ; STAA SCDR,X XMTT7C BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT7C LDAB
SCSR2,X LDAA $B607 ; STAA SCDR,X XMIT8C BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT8C
LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA $B608 ; STAA SCDR,X XMIT9C BRCLR
SCSR2,X,#$80,XMIT9C RTS ;*********************************-
*************************** ;******** RECEIVE INTERRUPT PROCEDURE
************ ;****************************************************-
******** SCICOM LDX #REGBASE LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA IDENT
CMPA #$43 ; BEQ CENCOM RTI CENCOM LDAB SCSR2,X ; REX_11 BRCLR
SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_11 LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA CALCOM CMPA #$43
; BEQ REX_1BJ CMPA #$50 ; BEQ REX_1A CMPA #$52 ; BEQ REX_1C CMPA
#$45 ; BEQ REX_1E LDAA #$0F STAA SENDF RTI REX_1BJ JMP REX_1B
REX_1C CLRA TAP BRA REX_1C STOP RTI REX_1E LDY #$B62E ; LDAA #$16
STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ; LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X ;; PROGRAM $B62E WITH 187 TO PROGRAM EEPROM LDAB #$BB LDAA
#$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y LDAA #$03 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X RTI REX_1A LDAB SCSR2,X REX_1 BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_1 LDAB
SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA ADD_FS REX_2 BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_2 LDAB
SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA ADD_EE REX_3 BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_3 LDAB
SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA DATA_EE LDAB ADD_FS CMPB #$06 BEQ ADD_6
CMPB #$07 BEQ ADD_7 RTI ADD_6 LDY #$B600 BRA ADD_6C ADD_7 LDY
#$B700 ADD_6C LDAB ADD_EE ABY ; LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ;
LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X ; LDAB DATA_EE LDAA
#$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88
CLR PPROG,X RTI REX_1B LDAB SCSR2,X REX_2B BRCLR
SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_2B LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA SN_1 ; REX_3B
BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_3B ; LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA SN_2
REX_4B BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_4B LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA
DATA_M ; REX_5B BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_5B LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X
STAA DATA_D ; REX_6B BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_6B LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA
SCDR,X STAA DATA_Y ; REX_7B BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_7B LDAB SCSR2,X
LDAA SCDR,X STAA REQ_POT REX_8B BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_8B LDAB
SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA PRG_V ; REX_9B BRCLR SCSR2,X,#$20,REX_9B
LDAB SCSR2,X LDAA SCDR,X STAA REG_C ; LDY #$B62F ; LDAA #$16 STAA
PPROG,X STAA 0,Y ;S LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X
; LDAB #$AA LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA
PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X JMP main RTI
;************************************************************ ;A
PROCEDURE THAT MEASURES THE temperature AND STORS IT ;IN AVGTEMP
SYSTEMP LDAA #$05 ; STAA ADCTL,X GAIN2 BRCLR ADCTL,X,#$80,GAIN2 ;
LDD ADR1,X ; STAA READ1L STAB READ2L LDD ADR3,X ; STAA READ3L STAB
READ4L CLRA CLRB ADDD READ1 ; ADDD READ2 ADDD READ3 ADDD READ4 LSRD
; LSRD ; STAB CALTMP ; LSRB LSRB ; STAB AVGTMP ; RTS
;;*********************************************************- ** ;;A
PROCEDURE THAT INITIALIZES THE SYSTEM VOLTAGES SSVOLL LDAB CALCOM
CMPB #$49 BEQ ININCR CMPB #$44 BEQ DEDECR CMPB #$53 BEQ STSTOR CMPB
#$46 ; BEQ OLDIN1 CMPB #$47 ; BEQ OLDIN2 CMPB #$48 ; BEQ OLDIN3
CMPB #$4A ; BEQ OLDIN4 CMPB #$4B ; BEQ OLDIN5 CMPB #$4C ; BEQ
OLDIN6 CLR CALCOM BRA CONVAL OLDIN1 LDAA #$01 STAA OLDINF ; CLR
CALCOM BRA CONVAL OLDIN2 LDAA #$02 STAA OLDINF ; CLR CALCOM BRA
CONVAL OLDIN3 LDAA #$03 STAA OLDINF CLR CALCOM ; BRA CONVAL OLDIN4
LDAA #$04 STAA OLDINF ; CLR CALCOM BRA CONVAL OLDIN5 LDAA #$05 STAA
OLDINF ; CLR CALCOM BRA CONVAL OLDIN6 LDAA #$06 STAA OLDINF CLR
CALCOM ; BRA CONVAL ININCR LDAA VARRCOM INCA STAA VARRCOM BRA
CONVAL DEDECR LDAA VARRCOM DECA STAA VARRCOM BRA CONVAL ;; PROGRAM
$B609 WITH COMPUTER VALUE SETPOINT STSTOR LDAA #$16 ; STAA PPROG,X
STAA $B609 LDAA #$17 ; STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAB
VARRCOM LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB $B609 ; LDAA #$03 ; STAA
PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X CONVAL CLR CALCOM LDAB $B600 ; LDAA
ADD_TL4 CMPA #10 BLO FLA_OFF SUBB #23 ; BRA LIMITFI FLA_OFF ADDB
VARRCOM ; SUBB AVGTMP ; LDAA $B605 STAA TEMP CMPB TEMP ; BHS INLIMT
; LDAB $B605 BRA LIMITFI INLIMT CMPB #$E5 BLO LIMITFI LDAB #$D6
LIMITFI STAB SETPTL ; INCB STAB SETPTH ; INCB STAB SETPTH1 ; INCB
INCB ADDB ADD_TL4 STAB SETPTH3 SUBB ADD_TL4 ADDB #$05 STAB SETPTH2
; SUBB #$10 ; STAB SETPTL3 ; ADDB #$02 ; STAB SETPTL2 ; ADDB #$04
STAB SETPTL1 SUBB #$0B ADDB ADD_TL4 STAB SETPTL4 DONN2 RTS
;;----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------- ;A PROCEDURE THAT MEASURES THE 84V SIDE AND
STORS IT ;IN AVGRED SYSVOL LDAA #$07 ; STAA ADCTL,X AGAIN BRCLR
ADCTL,X,#$80,AGAIN ; LDD ADR1,X ; STAA READ1L STAB READ2L LDD
ADR3,X ; STAA READ3L STAB READ4L CLRA CLRB ADDD READ1 ; ADDD READ2
ADDD READ3 ADDD READ4 LSRD ; LSRD ; STAB AVGRED ; RTS
;------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
;;------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ ;A PROCEDURE THAT MEASURES THE 28.0V SIDE AND
STORS IT ;IN AVGREDL SYSVOL2 LDAA #$03 ;SINGLE CHANNEL & ;SCAN
AN3 STAA ADCTL,X GAIN BRCLR ADCTL,X,#$80,GAIN ; LDD ADR1,X ; STAA
READ1L STAB READ2L LDD ADR3,X ; STAA READ3L STAB READ4L CLRA CLRB
ADDD READ1 ; ADDD READ2 ADDD READ3 ADDD READ4 LSRD ; LSRD ; STAB
AVGREDL ; ; ADDB $B601 ; CMPB #60 ; ; BHI GGGG ; ; LDAB #$FC ; GGGG
STAB AVGREDL1 RTS ;.sub.-----------------------
------------------------------------------------
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ LIGHTS LDAA ADD_TL4 CMPA #10 BLO FIN_IS LDAA
BLINK ADDA #10 STAA BLINK FIN_IS LDAA BLINK INCA STAA BLINK CMPA
#$80 BLO LITON BCLR PORTB,X,#$82 ; RTS LITON LDAA AVGREDL1 CMPA
SETPTH3 BHI YELLOW1 CMPA SETPTL4 BHI YE_N5 BSET PORTB,X,#$82 BSET
PORTB,X,#$40 ; YE_N5 LDAA ADD_TL4 CMPA #10 BLO YE_N7 BSET
PORTB,X,#$82 YE_N7 LDAA FLAG_1 BEQ DONE_1 CLC LDAA COUNT_1 ADDA
#$01 STAA COUNT_1 LDAA COUNT_2 ADCA #$00 STAA COUNT_2 CMPA #0 BHI
RED_ON BRA DONE_2 DONE_1 CLR COUNT_2 CLR COUNT_1 DONE_2 LDAA
ADD_TL4 CMPA #10 BLO YE_N1 RTS YE_N1 LDAA AVGREDL1 CMPA SETPTL4 BHI
YE_NOO RTS YELLOW1 JMP YEL_GO YE_NOO BSET PORTB,X,#$02 ; BCLR
PORTB,X,#$80 ; BCLR PORTB,X,#$40 ; RTS RED_ON BSET PORTB,X,#$80
BCLR PORTB,X,#$02 BSET PORTB,X,#$40 LDAA COUNT_2 CMPA #$02 BHI
RED_ON2 RTS RED_ON2 LDAB $B631 ; INCB STAB TMP_OV ; LDY #$B631 LDAA
#$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR
PPROG,X LDY #$B631 LDAB TMP_OV LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X STAB 0,Y LDAA
#$03 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X RED_ON3 LDAA #$55 ; STAA
COPRST,X LDAA #$C0 ; STAA PORTB,X LDAA ADD_TL4 CMPA #10 BLO YE_N6
LDD #5920 ; oop1 subd #1 bne oop1 LDAA #$AA ; STAA COPRST,X LDD
#5920 ; oop2 subd #1 bne oop2 LDAA #$55 ; STAA COPRST,X LDAA #$40
STAA PORTB,X LDD #5920 ; oop4 subd #1 bne oop4 LDAA #$AA ; STAA
COPRST,X LDD #5920 ; oop5 subd #1 bne oop5 LDAA #$55 ; STAA
COPRST,X YE_N6 LDAA #$AA ; STAA COPRST,X BRA RED_ON3 YEL_GO BSET
PORTB,X,#$80 ; BSET PORTB,X,#$40 LDAA AVGREDL1 CMPA $B602 BLO
RES_OV CLC LDAA COUNT_3 ADDA #$01 STAA COUNT_3 LDAA COUNT_4 ADCA
#$00 STAA COUNT_4 CMPA #$00 ; BHI L_V_BAD ; RTS RES_OV CLR COUNT_4
; CLR COUNT_3 RTS L_V_BAD LDAB $B630 ; INCB STAB TMP_OV LDY #$B630
; LDAA #$16 STAA PPROG,X STAA 0,Y LDAA #$17 STAA PPROG,X JSR
DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDY #$B630 LDAB TMP_OV LDAA #$02 STAA PPROG,X
STAB 0,Y LDAA #$03 STAA PPROG,X JSR DELAY88 CLR PPROG,X LDAA
ADD_TL4 CMPA #10 BHI YE_N6 ; L_V_B LDAA #$55 ; STAA COPRST,X LDAA
#$82 ; STAA PORTB,X LDAA #$AA ; STAA COPRST,X BSET PORTB,X,#$40 BRA
L_V_B RTS ;;-------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------- ;; OUTPUT SIGNAL TO
SCR'S AND FIELD TO BOOST ;; THE OUTPUT ;; ;;DUALOUT LDAA STDBAT ;;
CMPA #00 ; ;; BEQ DUALSTD DUALOUT LDAA AVGRED ; CMPA #125 BHI
U_F_OFF BSET PORTB,X,#$24 ; CLR FLAG_1 BRA CHK_LOW U_F_OFF LDAA
#$55 STAA FLAG_1 BCLR PORTB,X,#$20 ; LDAA AVGREDL1 CMPA SETPTL BLO
CHK_LOW BCLR PORTB,X,#$04 ; JSR DELAY3M JSR CHK_FLD BRA CHK_LO
CHK_LOW JSR DELAY3M CHK_LO LDAA AVGREDL1 CMPA SETPTL BHS L_F_OFF
BSET PORTB,X,#$0C ; JSR DELAY3M RTS L_F_OFF BCLR PORTB,X,#$08 ;
LDAA AVGRED CMPA #125 BLO U_F_OF2 BCLR PORTB,X,#$04 ; JSR DELAY3M
JSR CHK_FLD RTS U_F_OF2 JSR DELAY3M RTS DELAY3M LDD #500 ; LLO8
SUBD #1 BNE LLO8 RTS ;DUALSTD LDAA AVGRED ; ; SUBA AVGREDL1 ; CMPA
#00 ; BLT VLL1 ; CMPA #00 ; BGT VLL1 ;C_VH_S LDAA AVGRED ; CMPA
SETPTL ; BHI ALLOFF ;FSU_ON BSET PORTB,X,#$44 ; ; BCLR PORTB,X,#$08
; ; JSR DELAY4M ; RTS ;VLL1 LDAA AVGREDL1 ; CMPA SETPTL ; BHI
ALLOFF ;FSL_ON BSET PORTB,X,#$0C ; ; BCLR PORTE,X,#$40 ; ; JSR
DELAY4M ; RTS ;VLH1 LDAA AVGREDL1 ; CMPA SETPTL ; BLO FSU_ON ; CMPA
SETPTH1 ; BLO C_V_HS ;ALLOFF BCLR PORTB,X,#$4C ; ; JSR DELAY4M ;
RTS ;DELAY4M LDD #400 ; ;LLO7 SUBD #1 ; BNE LLO7 ; RTS
;.sub.--------------------------------------------------------------------
--- ST_UP LDAA COUBA BEQ RRTSS INCA STAA COUBA BCLR PORTB,X,#$2C
JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M LDAA
COUBA CMPA #180 BHI RRTSS JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M LDAA
COUBA CMPA #75 BHI RRTSS JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M JSR DELAY3M RRTSS
RTS ;;----------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ;; CHECK THE FIELD COIL
OPERATION CHK_FLD LDAA #$02 ; STAA ADCTL,X AIN BRCLR
ADCTL,X,#$80,AIN ; LDD ADR1,X ; STAA READ1L STAB READ2L LDD ADR3,X
STAA READ3L STAB READ4L CLRA CLRB ADDD READ1 ADDD READ2 ADDD READ3
ADDD READ4 LSRD LSRD CMPB #100 BLO BAD_TR RTS BAD_TR LDAA #18 STAA
ADD_TL4 BSET PORTB,X,#$40 RTS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;TIME DELAY
SUBROUTINES;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;FIVE SECONDS
DELAY AFTER START UP STARTUP PSHX PSHY LDX #1400 LOST2 LDD #700
LOST1 SUBD #1 BNE LOST1 DEX BNE LOST2 PULY PULX RTS
;;------------------FUNCTION TO DELAY THE TURN ON OR OFF DELAY LDAB
#$00 LDAA DELAYN ; loop1 subd #1 bne loop1 RTS
;;------------------FUNCTION TO DELAY THE OFF START UP
DELAY3 LDAB #00 ; LDAA DELAYN2 loop3 subd #1 bne loop3 RTS
;;------------------FUNCTION TO DELAY THE TURN ON OR OFF THE ;;SCRS
DELAY6 LDAB #80 LDAA #00 loop7 subd #1 bne loop7 RTS
;;------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ END
* * * * *