U.S. patent application number 09/800356 was filed with the patent office on 2001-08-30 for silicone gel containing salicylic acid.
Invention is credited to Collins, Carol J., Singleton, Laura C., Woodin, Frederick W. JR..
Application Number | 20010018432 09/800356 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23255266 |
Filed Date | 2001-08-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010018432 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Singleton, Laura C. ; et
al. |
August 30, 2001 |
Silicone gel containing salicylic acid
Abstract
The present invention relates to a silicone gel comprising a
volatile liquid, a silicone polymer, and salicylic acid;
compositions comprising the silicone gel; and methods of using such
gel and composition for the prevention and treatment of acne or
seborrhea.
Inventors: |
Singleton, Laura C.; (Los
Angeles, CA) ; Collins, Carol J.; (Granada Hills,
CA) ; Woodin, Frederick W. JR.; (Pacific Palisades,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
AUDLEY A. CIAMPORCERO JR.
JOHNSON & JOHNSON
ONE JOHNSON & JOHNSON PLAZA
NEW BRUNSWICK
NJ
08933-7003
US
|
Family ID: |
23255266 |
Appl. No.: |
09/800356 |
Filed: |
March 6, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09800356 |
Mar 6, 2001 |
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09322525 |
May 28, 1999 |
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6200964 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/159 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C08L 83/04 20130101;
C08L 2666/54 20130101; C08L 83/00 20130101; C08L 2666/34 20130101;
A61Q 1/02 20130101; A61K 8/0279 20130101; C08L 83/04 20130101; A61K
2800/412 20130101; C08G 77/045 20130101; A61Q 19/008 20130101; A61Q
19/00 20130101; A61K 8/368 20130101; A61K 8/891 20130101; A61K
8/585 20130101; A61P 17/10 20180101; A61K 8/895 20130101; C08K 3/36
20130101; C08G 77/20 20130101; C08L 83/04 20130101; C08K 3/36
20130101; A61K 8/25 20130101; A61K 8/042 20130101; C08G 77/12
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/159 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/60 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A silicone gel comprising a volatile liquid, a silicone polymer,
and salicylic acid.
2. A silicone gel of claim 1, wherein said silicone polymer is
polysilicone-11.
3. A silicone gel of claim 1, wherein said volatile liquid is a
silicone.
4. A silicone gel of claim 3, wherein said volatile liquid is
cyclomethicone.
5. A silicone gel of claim 2, wherein said volatile liquid is
cyclomethicone.
6. A silicone gel of claim 5, wherein said gel further comprises
porous silica.
7. A silicone gel of claim 6, wherein said silicone gel further
comprises dimethicone.
8. A silicone gel of claim 7, wherein said gel further comprises a
non-aqueous solvent of salicylic acid.
9. A silicone gel of claim 8, wherein said solvent is neopentyl
glycol dioctanoate/diisostearate.
10. A silicone gel of claim 1, wherein said silicone gel comprises
by weight: (a) about 1% to about 99% of a volatile liquid; (b)
about 1% to about 90% of a silicone polymer; and (c) about 0.001%
to about 50% of salicylic acid.
11. A silicone gel of claim 1, wherein said silicone gel comprises
by weight: (a) about 1% to about 99% of cyclomethicone; (b) about
1% to about 90% of polysilicone-11; and (c) about 0.001% to about
50% of said salicylic acid.
12. A silicone gel of claim 11, wherein said silicone gel further
comprises by weight: (d) about 0.001% to about 50% of dimethicone
(e) about 0.001% to about 50% of neopentyl glycol
dioctanoate/diisostearate; and (f) about 0.001% to about 50% of
porous silica.
13. A composition comprising: (a) a silicone gel of claim 1; and
(b) a cosmetically acceptable carrier.
14. A composition of claim 12, wherein said cosmetically acceptable
carrier comprises one or more of the members selected from the
group consisting of acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, aerosol
propellants, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, buffering agents,
chelating agents, coloring additives, dermatologically active
agents, dispersing agents, emollients, emulsifying agents,
humectants, fragrances, preservatives, sugars, sunscreen agents,
surfactants, suspending agents, thickening agents, and
vehicles.
15. A composition of claim 14, wherein said silicone gel comprises
by weight: (a) about 1% to about 99% of a volatile liquid; (b)
about 1% to about 90% of a silicone polymer; and (c) about 0.001%
to about 50% of salicylic acid.
16. A composition of claim 15, wherein said silicone gel comprises
by weight: (a) about 1% to about 99% of cyclomethicone; (b) about
1% to about 90% of polysilicone-11; and (c) about 0.001% to about
30% of salicylic acid.
17. A composition of claim 15, wherein said silicone comprises by
weight: (a) about 1% to about 99% of cyclomethicone; (b) about
0.001% to about 50% of dimethicone; (c) about 1% to about 90% of
polysilicone-11; and (d) about 0.001% to about 50% of salicylic
acid.
18. A composition of claim 16, wherein said composition is a
silicone-in-water emulsion comprising by weight: (a) about 0.001%
to about 90% of a silicone gel; (b) about 0.001% to about 50% of a
liquid silicone; and (c) water.
19. A composition of claim 18, wherein said composition further
comprises by weight: (d) about 0.001% to about 50% of a humectant;
and (e) about 0.001% to about 50% of a sunscreen.
20. A composition of claim 19, wherein: said liquid silicone is a
member selected from the group consisting of cyclomethicone,
dimethicone, and mixtures thereof; said humectant is dipropylene
glycol; and said sunscreen is titanium dioxide.
21. A method of treating or preventing acne, said method comprising
applying to the skin of a subject an effective amount of the
silicone gel of claim 1.
22. A method of treating or preventing acne or seborrhea, said
method comprising applying to the skin of a subject an effective
amount of the silicone gel of claim 12.
23. A method of treating or preventing acne or seborrhea, said
method comprising applying to the skin of a subject an effective
amount of the composition of claim 13.
24. A method of treating or preventing acne or seborrhea, said
method comprising applying to the skin of a subject an effective
amount of the composition of claim 20.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Acne is a condition of the human skin characterized by the
excess flow of sebum from sebaceous glands. Excess sebum (e.g.,
skin oil) on the person's skin inhibits the flow of sebum from hair
follicles, causing it to thicken and form a solid plug within the
follicle known as a comedone. The formation of comedones stimulates
hyperkeratinization, resulting in a closing of the follicle
opening. The closed follicle usually results in either a papule, a
pustule, or a cyst that becomes infected with bacteria such a
p-acnes. This infection is known as acne, or in lesser severity,
seborrhea.
[0002] Salicylic acid is a known keratolytic agent that has the
ability to both penetrate and dissolved comedones as well as kill
bacteria (e.g., p. acnes). Salicylic acid, however, has very
limited solubility in water and, thus, has typically been
formulated in oil-in-water pigmented cosmetic formulations. The use
of the oil-in-water formulations, however, does not assist in the
absorption of oil from the skin but, rather, just adds more oil to
the person's skin.
[0003] The present invention relates a topical silicone gel or a
topical composition containing the gel (e.g., a water-in-silicone
cosmetic foundation). The gel comprises salicylic acid for the
treatment of acne and seborrhea. The gel also provides the
additional benefit of oil absorbing properties. The oil absorbing
properties both assist in the treatment of acne and seborrhea by
absorbing excess sebum. In addition, the gel produces a desirable
smooth matte finish on the skin treatment area.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In one aspect, the invention features a silicone gel
comprising a volatile liquid, a silicone polymer, and salicylic
acid. In one embodiment, the silicone polymer is polysilicone-11.
In one embodiment, the volatile liquid is a silicone fluid (e.g.,
cyclomethicone). In one embodiment, the silicone gel further
comprises a second liquid (e.g., dimethicone or a solvent of
salicylic acid). In one embodiment, the solvent is a non-alcohol
solvent such as ester, e.g., neopentyl glycol
dioctanoate/diisostearate, octyl salicylate, and octyl
methoxycinnamate). In one embodiment, the silicone gel further
comprises a porous silica (e.g., having a pore volume of 0.1 to
about 1 ml/g, a particle diameter of between 1-20 microns, and/or
an oil absorbence of between 10-500 ml/100 g). In one embodiment,
the gel further comprises petrolatum. In one embodiment, the gel
further comprises additional dermatologically active agents such as
the anti-acne agents (e.g., benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, sulfur,
sodium borate, thymol, a retinoid, zinc sulfide, or zinc oxide),
.alpha.-, .beta.-, and poly-hydroxy acids (e.g., lactic, glycolic,
malic, tartaric, and citric acids) and/or anti-microbial or
anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., alpha-bisabolol).
[0005] In one embodiment, the silicone gel comprises by weight: (a)
about 1% to about 99% (e.g., about 10% to about 80%) of the
volatile liquid (e.g., cyclomethicone); (b) about 1% to about 90%
(e.g., about 10% to about 50%) of the silicone polymer (e.g.,
polysilicone-11); and (c) about 0.001% to about 50% (e.g., about 1%
and about 30%) of the salicylic acid. In a further embodiment, the
silicone gel further comprises by weight: (d) about 0.001% to about
50% (e.g., about 0.001% to about 30%) of dimethicone; (e) about
0.001% to about 50% (e.g., about 0.001% to about 30%) of neopentyl
glycol dioctanoate/diisostearate; (f) about 0.001% to about 50%
(e.g., about 0.001% to about 30%) of porous silica; and/or (g)
about 0.001% to about 20% (e.g., about 0.001% to about 5%) of
alpha-bisabolol.
[0006] In another aspect, the present invention features a
composition comprising: (a) the above described silicone gel; and
(b) a cosmetically acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, the
cosmetically acceptable carrier comprises one or more of the
members selected from the group consisting of acidifying agents,
alkalizing agents, aerosol propellants, antimicrobial agents,
antioxidants, buffering agents, chelating agents, coloring
additives, dermotologically active agents, dispersing agents,
emollients, emulsifying agents, humectants, fragrances,
preservatives, sugars, sunscreen agents, surfactants, suspending
agents, thickening agents, and vehicles.
[0007] In one embodiment, the composition is a water-in-silicone
emulsion comprising by weight: (a) about 0.001% to about 90% (e.g.,
about 1% to about 50%) of the silicone gel; (b) about 0.001% to
about 50% (e.g., about 5% to about 50%) of liquid silicone (e.g.,
cyclomethicone, dimethicone, or mixtures thereof); and (c) water,
e.g., q.s. to 100%, by weight, once all the other ingredients have
been added. In a further embodiment, the composition further
comprises by weight: (d) about 0.001% to about 50% (e.g., about
0.001% to about 20%) of a humectant (e.g., dipropylene glycol); and
(e) about 0.001% to about 50% (e.g., about 0.001% to about 20%) of
sunscreen (e.g., titanium dioxide).
[0008] In another aspect, the present invention features method of
treating (e.g., reducing or eliminating) or preventing acne and
seborrhea (e.g., on the skin of a human), the method comprising
applying to the skin of a subject an effective amount of the above
mentioned silicone gel or composition. In one embodiment, the gel
or composition is applied to the skin one to three times daily.
When used in treating acne, the composition may be applied until
the acne has been successfully treated (e.g., eliminated). When
used as a prophylactic for acne, the composition may be applied
daily until the risk of acne has subsided. The gel and composition
may also be used to treat wrinkles, psoriasis, and
hyperpigmentation, smooth skin, reduce skin lines, improve skin
clarity and tone, and treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis
(e.g., in a scalp cream, shampoo, or hair conditioner).
[0009] Other features and advantages of the present invention will
be apparent from the detailed description of the invention and from
the claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] It is believed that one skilled in the art can, based upon
the description herein, utilize the present invention to its
fullest extent. The following specific embodiments are to be
construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the
remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
[0011] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Also, all
publications, patent applications, patents, and other references
mentioned herein are incorporated by reference.
[0012] The present invention relates to a novel silicone gel that
both delivers salicylic acid while simultaneously possessing
oil-absorbing properties. The present invention also features a
cosmetic composition containing the gel (e.g., the gel is dispersed
throughout the composition). The silicone gel is made, in one
embodiment, by dispersing oil swellable silicone polymer (e.g.,
polysilicone-11) in a volatile liquid (e.g., silicone fluid such as
cyclomethicone) or a volatile liquid mixed with other ingredients
(e.g., dimethicone). Salicylic acid is then dispersed in the
silicone gel, e.g., by either (i) adding salicylic acid powder to
the silicone gel and milling the mixture to ensure homogeneous
distribution of the salicylic acid in the gel or (ii) dissolving
the salicylic acid in a solvent (e.g., an ester such as neopentyl
glycol dioctanoate/diisostearate ) and then uniformly dispersing
the salicylic acid solution in the silicone gel. Salicylic acid is
available from a number of commercial sources such as Spectrum
Chemical, Gardena, Calif.
[0013] Upon spreading on skin (e.g., facial skin), the silicone gel
releases the volatile liquid, delivers salicylic acid to the skin,
and absorbs non-volatile excess skin oil present on the skin (e.g.,
the oil is absorbed by the oil-swellable silicone polymer and, if
present, porous silica). The composition's ability to absorb sebum
helps the skin maintain an environment that is less conducive to
clogged pores, thereby, inhibiting the formation of comedones. The
silicone gel may also contain porous silica that further enhances
the oil-absorbing properties of the gel. The gel additionally has
the ability to scatter incoming rays of light in all directions. By
diminishing reflected light, the skin, thus, has a smooth matte
appearance.
[0014] As used herein, the term "volatile" refers to those liquids
that have a measurable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
Examples of volatile liquids include branched or straight chained
hydrocarbons (e.g., C3-C20 hydrocarbons such as isoparaffins,
isoeicosane, isohexadecane and isododecane) and silicone fluids.
Examples of volatile silicone fluids include the following: cyclic
and linear polydimethylsiloxanes containing from about 3 to about 9
(e.g., from about 4 to about 5) silicone atoms such as
cyclomethicones; Dow Corning 200, Dow Coring 344, and Dow Corning
345 (manufactured by Dow Corning, Midland, Mich.); Silicone 7158
and 7207 (manufactured by Union Carbide, Houston, Tex.); SF 1202
(manufactured by General Electric); and SWS-03314 (manufactured by
SWS Silicones, Inc.). As used herein, the term cyclomethicone
refers to cyclotrisiloxane, cyclotetrasiloxane, cyclopentasiloxane,
cyclohexasilxane, or mixtures thereof.
[0015] The silicone polymers of the present invention may have an
average molecular weight in excess of 10,000 (e.g., between about
10,000 and 10,000,000). Examples of silicone polymers include
crosslinked siloxane (e.g., dimethicone or dimethicone derivatives)
copolymers such as stearyl methyl-dimethyl siloxane copolymer
(Gransil SR-CYC, available from Grant Industries, Elmwood Park,
N.J.); Polysilicone-11 (i.e., a crosslinked silicone rubber formed
by the reaction of vinyl terminated silicone and
methylhydrodimethyl siloxane in the presence of cyclomethicone),
cetearyl dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer (i.e., a
copolymer of cetearyl dimethicone crosslinked wit vinyl dimethyl
polysiloxane), dimethicone/phenyl vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer
(i.e., copolymer of dimethylpolysiloxane crosslinked with phenyl
vinyl dimethylsiloxane), and dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone
crosspolymer (i.e., copolymer of dimethylpolysiloxane crosslinked
with vinyl dimethylsiloxane).
[0016] The silicone gels may also be purchased from commercial
suppliers such as Grant Industries. Examples of such gels include
cyclomethicone (and) polysilicone-11 (Gransil GCM5),
cyclotetrasiloxane(D4) (and) petrolatum (and) polysilicone-11
(Gransil PS-4), cyclopentasiloxane(D5) (and) petrolatum (and)
polysilicone-11 (Gransil PS-5), cyclopentasiloxane(D5) (and)
dimethicone (and) polysilicone-11 (Gransil DMCM-5),
cyclotetrasiloxane(D4) (and) dimethicone (and)
polysilicone-11(Gransil DMCM-4), polysilicone-11 (and) isododecane
(Gransil IDS), and cyclomethicone (and) polysilicone-11 (and)
petrolatum (and) phytosphingosine (Gransil SPH). Examples of such
gels available from General Electric include cyclopentasiloxane
(and) dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crossploymer (SFE839).
[0017] The invention features a cosmetic composition for
application to the skin, e.g., the face, of a subject comprising a
cosmetically acceptable carrier. The individual components of the
carrier are numerous and varied, but are also well known to one
skilled in the art. In one aspect, the carrier comprises one or
more of the members selected from the group consisting of
acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, aerosol propellants,
antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, buffering agents, chelating
agents, coloring additives, dermotologically active agents,
dispersing agents, emollients, emulsifying agents, humectants,
fragrances, masking agents, preservatives, sugars, sunscreen
agents, surfactants, suspending agents, thickening agents, an
vehicles. These ingredients are discussed below. Examples of these
agents are listed below as well as in the International Cosmetic
Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, eds. Wenninger and McEwen (The
Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Assoc., Washington, D.C.,
7.sup.th Edition, 1997) (hereinafter "ICT Handbook").
[0018] Acidifying and alkalizing agents are added to obtain the
desired pH of the composition. Examples of acidifying agents
included acetic acid, citric acid, glacial acetic acid, malic acid,
and proprionic acid. Examples of alkalizing agent include edetol,
potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium borate, sodium
carbonate, and sodium hydroxide. Other acidifying and alkalizing
agents are listed on page 1653 of the ICT Handbook.
[0019] Aerosol propellants are used when the composition is to be
administered as an aerosol under pressure. Examples of aerosol
propellants include halogenated hydrocarbons such as
dichlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and
trichloromonofluoromethane, nitrogen, and volatile hydrocarbons
such as butane, propane, isobutane, or mixtures thereof. Other
propellants are listed on page 1655 of the ICT Handbook.
[0020] Anti-microbial agents are used when the area that the
composition is to be applied is prone to microbial infection, e.g.,
by bacteria, fungal, or protozoa. Examples of such agents include
benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric
acetate, potassium sorbate, and sorbic acid, benzoic acid, butyl
paraben, ethyl paraben, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and sodium
benzoate. Other anti-microbial agents are listed on page 1612 of
the ICT Handbook.
[0021] Antioxidants are used to protect ingredients of the
composition from oxidizing agents that are included within or come
in contact with the composition. Examples of antioxidants include
water soluble antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, sodium sulfite,
metabisulfite, sodium miosulfite, sodium formaldehyde, sulfoxylate,
isoascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride,
1,4-diazobicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane- , and mixtures thereof. Examples
of oil-soluble antioxidants include ascorbyl palmitate, butytlated
hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, potassium propyl gallate,
octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, phenyl-.alpha.-napthyl-amine, and
tocopherols such as .alpha.-tocopherol. Other antioxidants are
listed on pages 1612-13 of the ICT Handbook.
[0022] Buffering agents are used to maintain an established pH of
the composition. Examples of buffering agents included sodium
citrate, calcium acetate, potassium metaphosphate, potassium
phosphate monobasic, and tartaric acid. Other buffering agents are
listed on page 1653 of the ICT Handbook.
[0023] Chelating agents are used to maintain the ionic strength of
the composition and/or bind to destructive compounds and metals
that are included within or come in contact with the composition.
Examples of chelating agents included dihydroxy ethyl glycine,
citric acid, tartaric acid, edatate dipotassium, edetate disodium,
edetic acid, and ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) and its
salts (e.g., tetrasodium EDTA). Other chelating agents are listed
on page 1626 of the ICT Handbook.
[0024] Coloring additives are used to add color to the composition.
Examples of such coloring additives include titanium dioxide,
yellow iron oxide, red iron oxide, black iron oxide, caramel,
carmine, fluorescein derivatives, methoxsalen, trioxsalen, carbon
black, azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, blue azulenes, guajazulene,
chamuzulene, erythrosin, bengal rose, phloxin, cyanosin, daphinin,
eosin G, cosin 10B, and Acid Red 51. Other coloring agents are
listed on pages 1628-30 of the ICT Handbook.
[0025] Dermatologically active agents include agents for treating
wound healing, inflammation, acne, psoriasis, cutaneous aging, skin
cancer, impetigo, herpes, chickenpox, dermatitis, pain, itching,
and skin irritation. Examples of such dermatologically active
agents include hydrocortisone, dexamethesone, panthenol, phenol,
tetracycline hydrochloride, yeast, hexylresorcinol, lamin, kinetin,
betamethasone, triamcinolone, fluocinolone, methylprednisolone,
retinoids such as retinol and retinoic acid, dapsone,
sulfasalazine, resorcinol, salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide,
erythromycin-benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin, clindamycin,
mupirocin, griseofulvin, azoles such as miconazole, econazole,
itraconazole, fluconazole, and ketoconazole, ciclopirox,
allylamines such as naftifine and terfinafine, acyclovir,
famciclovir, valacyclovir, benzocaine, lidocaine, dibucaine,
pramoxine hydrochloride, methyl salicylate, camphor, menthol,
resocinol, and vitamins such as tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate,
pentothenic acid, ascorbic acid, biotin, and retinoids such as
retinol, retinoic acid, retinal, retinyl acetate, and retinyl
palmitate, .alpha.-hydroxy acid, a .beta.-hydroxy acid, or
poly-hydroxy acid such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid,
malic acid, and azaleic acid, and sunless tanning agents such as
1,3-dihydroxyacetone and 1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-butanone
(erythulose).
[0026] Examples of dispersing and suspending agents include
quarternium-18 hectorite, polyhydroxy stearic acid, poligeenan and
silicon dioxide. Other dispersing and suspending agents are listed
on page 1690-91 of the ICT Handbook.
[0027] Emollients are agents that soften and smooth the skin.
Examples of emollients include hydrocarbon oils and waxes (e.g.,
natural and synthetic waxes) such as mineral oil, petrolatum,
microcrystaline wax, polyethylene, triglyceride esters such as
those of castor oil, cocoa butter, safflower oil, cottonseed oil,
corn oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm
oil, sesame oil, squalene, and soybean oil, acetylated
monoglycerides, ethoxylated glycerides, fatty acids, alkyl esters
of fatty acids, alkenyl esters of fatty acids, fatty alcohols,
fatty alcohol ethers, ether-esters, lanolin and derivatives of
lanolin, polyhydric alcohol esters, wax esters such as beeswax,
vegetable waxes, phospholidds, and sterols. Other emollients are
listed on pages 1656-61 of the ICT Handbook.
[0028] Emulsifying agents are used for preparing emulsions of the
present invention. Examples of emulsifying agents used for
preparing water-in-oil emulsions include cyclomethicone (and)
dimethicone copolyol, dimethicone copolyol, cetyl dimethicone
copolyol, PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate, and PEG-40 sorbitan
peroleate. Examples of emulsifying agents used for preparing
oil-in-water emulsions of the present invention include glyceryl
stearate, PEG-100 stearate, methyl gluceth sesquisterate, fatty
alcohols, and alkyl phenols condensed with ethylene oxide. Other
emulsifiers are listed on pages 1679-87 of the ICT Handbook.
Emulsion stabilizers are listed on pages 1634-35 of the ICT
Handbook.
[0029] Humectants are agents that promote the retention of
moisture, e.g., moisturizers. Examples of humectants include
sorbitol, matricaria extract, aloe barbadensis gel, glycerin,
glycereth 5 lactate, glycereth 7 triacetate, glycereth 7
diisononoate, hexanetriol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol,
dipropylene glycol, alkoxylated glucose, D-panthenol,
1-2-pantandiol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and derivatives thereof,
and hyaluronic acid. Other humectants are listed on pages 1661-62
of the ICT Handbook.
[0030] Examples of fragrances include peppermint, rose oil, rose
water, aloe vera, clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, and
other plant extracts. Certain fragrances may require a solubilizer,
e.g., PPG-5-ceteareth-20. To eliminate certain odors from
compositions, masking agents may be used. An example of a masking
agent includes ethylene brassylate. Other fragrances and masking
agents are listed on pages 1639-40 of the ICT Handbook.
[0031] Preservatives are used to protect the composition from
degradation. Examples of preservatives include liquipar oil,
phenoxyethanol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben,
isopropyl paraben, isobutyl paraben, diazolidinyl urea,
imidazolidinyl urea, diazolindyl urea, benzalkonium chloride,
benzethonium chloride, phenol, and mixtures thereof (e.g., liquipar
oil). Other preservatives are listed on pages 1654-55 of the ICT
Handbook.
[0032] Examples of sugars include monosaccharides, disaccharides,
and polysccharides such as glucose, xylose, fructose, reose,
ribose, pentose, arabinose, allose, tallose, altrose, mannose,
galactose, lactose, sucrose, erythrose, glyceraldehyde, or any
combination thereof.
[0033] Sunscreen agents are agents used to block or reduce the
amount of ultraviolet radiation impinging on the skin (e.g., by
absorption, scattering, and reflection of the ultraviolet
radiation). Segarin, et al., Cosmetics Science and Technology,
Chapter VIII, pages 189, et seq. discloses numerous examples of
sunscreen agents. Examples of sunscreen agents include both organic
compounds and their salts such as octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl
salicylate, benzophenone-3 homosalate, octocrylate, avobenzone, and
menthyl anthranilate, as well as inorganic particulate materials
such as zinc oxide, silica, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and
2-ethyl-hexyl-p-methoxycinnamate. Other sunscreen agents are listed
on page 1672 of the ICT Handbook. Generally, the composition will
contain from about 1% to about 30%, by weight, of sunscreen
agent(s). The exact amounts will vary depending on the sunscreen
used and the desired sun-protection factor (SPF).
[0034] Surfactants are agents used to stabilize multi-component
compositions, e.g., used as wetting agents, antifoam agents,
emulsifiers, dispersing agents, and penetrants. Examples of
surfactants include methyl gluceth 20, decyl polyglucoside,
lapyrium chloride, laureth 4, laureth 9, monoethanolamine,
nonoxynol 4, nonoxynol 9, nonoxynol 10, nonoxynol 15, nonoxynol 30,
poloxalene, polyoxyl 8, 40, and 50 stearate, polysorbate 20,
polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, and
polysorbate 85, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbitan and its
derivatives. Other surfactants are listed on page 1672-90 of the
ICT Handbook.
[0035] Vehicles are often referred to as the base for the
cosmetically acceptable carrier, e.g., a fluid that is capable of
delivering the other components of the composition to the skin with
acceptable absorption of those components into the skin. Examples
of vehicles include water, e.g., deionized water, saline (e.g.,
sodium chloride dissolved in deionized water), oil-in-water
emulsions (e.g., where the continuous water phase contains the
water soluble agents and the discontinuous oil phase contains the
oil soluble agents), and water-in-oil emulsions (e.g., where the
continuous oil phase contains the oil soluble agents and the
discontinuous water phase contains the water soluble agents). The
oil phase may be established by the addition of hydrocarbon and/or
silicone fluids, e.g., cyclomethicone and dimethicone, together
with various suitable emulsifying agents. In order to reduce
applying additional oil to the skin of the subject, hydrocarbon
oils should be avoided.
[0036] The cosmetically acceptable carrier that may be in a number
of different delivery forms, e.g., a spray, mist, aerosol, shampoo,
hair conditioner, mousse, semi-solid cream, liquid such as a
solution, emulsion, or suspension, lotion, gel, solid such as a
powder, adherent stick, flexible mask, self-hardening liquid or
gel, or other suitable forms intended to be applied to the skin of
a subject (e.g., a human). Water-in-oil emulsions (e.g., ratio of
about 2:1 to about 1:100 such as about 1:1 to about 1:10) and
oil-in-water emulsions (e.g., ratio of about 2:1 to about 1:100
such as about 1:1 to about 1:10) are typically used in preparing
lotions and creams. The actual ratio of the two phases will depend
on the consistency of the desired final product.
[0037] The viscosity of the compositions of the present invention
may be different dependent upon the type of formulation being
prepared, e.g., a liquid formulation will have a lower viscosity
than a gel or cream formulation. Typically, the viscosity of liquid
formulations of the present invention will range from 5,000 to
25,000 cps. Bulking agents may be used to increase the viscosity of
the composition. An example of a bulking agent is talc. Other
bulking agents are listed on page 1625-26 of the ICT Handbook.
Other viscosity increasing agents are listed on pages 1693-97 of
the ICT Handbook. Viscosity decreasing agents are listed on pages
1692-92 of the ICT Handbook.
[0038] The compositions of the present invention may be prepared
using methodology that is well known by an artisan of ordinary
skill (e.g., by using well-known mixing and blending procedures).
For examples, for emulsion compositions of the present invention,
each phase of the emulsion may be separately prepared with all of
the components contained in their appropriate phases. The emulsion
is then formed by adding one phase to the other phase with
agitation.
[0039] The gel or compositions of the present invention may be
packaged in a container that is well known by an artisan of
ordinary skill, e.g., the silicone gel may be packaged in a low
density polyethylene tube with a dispensing tip head and the
cosmetic foundation of the present invention may be packaged in a
glass or plastic bottle.
[0040] The following is a description of the manufacture of
specific gels and compositions of the present invention. Other gels
and compositions of the invention can be prepared in an analogous
manner by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
EXAMPLE 1
Topical Silicone Gel
[0041] The ingredients and their respective weight percentages with
respect to the total composition for the cosmetic product of
Example 1 are recited below in Table 1.
1 TABLE 1 INGREDIENT WEIGHT (%) Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) (and)
Dimethicone 85.81 (and) Polysilicone-11 (30:30:40) Neopentyl Glycol
Dioactonate/Diisostearate 5.50 Salicylic Acid 0.55 Alpha-bisabolol
0.10 Fragrance 0.04 Porous Silica 8.00 100.00
[0042] The cyclopentasiloxane (D5) (and) dimethicone(and)
polysilicone-11 gel (Gransil DMCM-5, Grant Industries) was added to
a main beaker. The neopentyl glycol dioctnoate/diisosteaate (Minno
21, Bernel Co., Elmwood, N.J.) and the salicylic acid were then
added to a second beaker, mixed, and heated to between
50.degree.-60.degree. C. until the salicylic acid completely
dissolved in the ether. The solution was allowed to cool to room
temperature. Alpha-bisabolol and the fragrance were then added to
the solution in the second beaker and mixed until homogenous. The
ingredients of the second beaker were then added to the main beaker
and mixed until homogenous. Lastly, silica was slowly added to the
main beaker while mixing until uniform. The resulting gel had a
viscosity of between 200,00 and 400,000 cps.
EXAMPLE 2
Water-in-silicone Cosmetic Skin Foundation Containing Silicone
Gel
[0043] The ingredients and their respective weight percentages with
respect to the total composition for the cosmetic product of
Example 2 are recited below in Table 2.
2TABLE 2 INGREDIENT WEIGHT (%) Phase A Deionized Water 32.95 Sodium
Chloride 0.50 Matricaria Extract 1.00 Aloe Barbadensis Gel 0.01
Diazolindyl Urea 0.20 Phase B Dipropylene Glycol 4.00 Methyl
paraben 0.15 Phase C Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate (and) PEG-8 Propylene
2.00 Glycol Cocoate (80:20) Cyclomethicone (and) Dimethicone
Copolyol 13.00 (90:10) Propyl paraben 0.20 Cyclomethicone (and)
Quarternium 18 (and) 1.50 Hectorite (and) Propylene Carbonate
(35:60:5) Ethylene Brassylate 0.20 Synthetic Wax 1.20 C12-15 Alkyl
Benzoate (and) Titanium Dioxide 8.00 (and) Alumina (and)
Polyhydroxystearic Acid (and) Silica (60:30:5:2.5:2.5) Phase D
Cyclomethicone 9.69 Phase E Talc 6.40 Silica Silyate 0.50
Polymethyl Methacrylate (and) tocopheryl 0.10 acetate (and)
pantothenic acid (and) ascorbic acid (and) retinyl palmitate
(90:7:1:1:1) Titanium Dioxide 7.71 Yellow Iron Oxide 0.49 Red Iron
Oxide 0.15 Black Iron Oxide 0.05 Phase F Cyclomethicone (and)
Salicylic acid (and) 10.00 Polysilicone-11 (87.5:5.5:7) 100.00
[0044] The suppliers of the above listed ingredients are the
following: matricaria extract (Active Oraganics; Lewisville, Tex.),
polyglyceryl-4 oleate (and) PEG-8 Propylene Cocoate (Henkel,
Dusseldorf, Germany); cyclomethicone (and) dimethicone copolyol
(Dow Corning, Midland, Mich.); cyclomethicone (and) quarternium-18
(and) hectorite (and) propylene carbonate (Rheox, Philadelphia,
Pa.); synthetic wax (Presperse, Piscataway, N.J.); C12-15 alkyl
benzoate (and) titanium dioxide (and) polyhydroxystearic acid (and)
silica (Tioveil, Durham, England); polymethyl methacrylate (and)
tocopheryl acetate (and) pantothenic acid (and) ascorbic acid (and)
retinyl palmitate (Brooks Industries; South Plainfield, N.J.); iron
oxides (U.S. Cosmetic Corporation, Dayville, Conn.); and
Cyclomethicone (and) polysilicone-11 (Grancil GCM5; Grant
Industries, Elmwood Park, N.J.). The Cyclomethicone (and)
polysilicone-11 (and) salicylic acid is manufactured by adding
solid salicylic acid powder to the silicone gel and milling the
mixture to ensure homogeneous distribution of the salicylic acid in
the silicone gel. The cyclomethicone used the silicone gel was
cyclopentasiloxane, but other cyclomethicones may be used (e.g.,
cyclotetrasiloxane).
[0045] The Phase C ingredients were added, in the order listed,
into a stainless steel jacketed oil-phase kettle equipped with
variable speed propeller agitation. The agitation was begun at a
temperature of 20-30.degree. C. as soon as the propeller was
covered sufficiently to mix the ingredients without splashing
("Phase C Mixture"). Cold water should be used in the jacket as
necessary to remove any heat generated from mixing and milling.
[0046] A W750 Colloid Mill (Greerco/Chemineer, North Andover,
Mass.) was connected to the oil-phase kettle containing the Phase C
Mixture and was set up to recirculate. A drop-in homogenizer was
also placed in the oil-phase kettle. The propeller mixer in the
oil-phase kettle was adjusted to create a vortex in the Phase C
Mixture, and the ingredients of Phase E were added. After all the
pigments had been added, the propeller speed was reduced so that
air was not whipped into the mixture. The homogenizer and the
colloid mill were then turned on. The gap set of the mill was
initially set at "40," but it was immediately closed to between
"4"-"6" ("Phase CE Mixture").
[0047] 50-80% of the cyclomethicone in Phase D was added to the
Phase CE Mixture to adjust the viscosity of the slurry so that it
was a suitable viscosity to colloid mill properly. The batch was
homogenized and milled (e.g., for at least 2 hours) until the
dispersion was free of color spots when checked between two glass
slides ("Phase CED Mixture").
[0048] The Gransil CGM5-SA of Phase F was then added to the Phase
CED Mixture. Milling was continued for 20 minutes to insure that
the Gransil CGM %-SA was uniformly dispersed. The gap set of the
mill was opened to 40, and the colloid mill was turned off. The
colloid mill was used to transfer the mixture to the main kettle.
All of the remaining cyclomethicone from Phase D was used to rinse
the bottom of the oil-phase kettle and the mill and added to the
main kettle. The mill was attached to the main kettle and set up to
recirculate ("Phase CEDF Mixture").
[0049] The Phase A ingredients were added, in the order listed,
into a stainless steel jacketed water-phase kettle equipped with
variable speed propeller agitation. The agitation was begun as soon
as the propeller was covered sufficiently to mix without splashing
("Phase A Mixture"). The Phase B dipropylene glycol was placed into
a suitable vessel, and the methyl paraben of Phase B was added the
vessel and mixed until completely dissolved ("Phase B Mixture").
The Phase B Mixture was added to the water-phase kettle, and the
resulting mixture was mixed with medium propeller agitation for a
minimum of ten minutes or until clear ("Phase AB Mixture").
[0050] The Phase AB Mixture in the oil-phase kettle was added to
the Silicone/Color Phase in the main kettle, i.e., Phase CEDF
Mixture, in the following manner. A pump was connected to the
water-phase kettle. The flow rate of the pump was checked by
measuring the weight and time it takes to fill a 5-gallon pail
about 1/2-3/4 full. The Phase AB Mixture addition rate should be
between 2 and 4 kg per minute. The Phase AB Mixture was added at a
rate so that water did not pool on the surface of the main kettle.
If water began to pool on the surface, the transfer pump was shut
off, and the pooled water was allowed to be incorporated before
continuing. The sweep and propeller mixers were activated during
the water phase addition. As the level of the batch rose, the speed
of the mixers were adjusted to maintain good mixing without
splashing.
[0051] After the water phase addition was complete, the colloid
mill (gap open at "40") was run for 15 seconds to flush out the
bottom of the tank. The propeller and sweep mixers were allowed to
mix the batch for 15 minutes. Upon completion of matching the shade
and color of the composition, the viscosity of the batch was set by
using the colloid mill to impart high sheer on the mixture in a
single pass as it was removed from the main kettle. The gap on the
colloid mill was set between "4" and "6" and the main kettle was
drained.
[0052] The resulting composition comprised 0.55% of salicylic acid
and had a viscosity of 14,000 cps. Other shades of this foundation
can be obtained by varying the ratios of the iron oxide
colorants.
EXAMPLE 3
Skin Foundation Containing Silicone Gel
[0053] The ingredients and their respective weight percentages with
respect to the total composition for the cosmetic product of
Example 3 are recited below in Table 3. The composition was
manufactured following the protocol set forth in Example 1 except
that Example 2's Phase F silicone gel ingredient was replaced with
the new silicone gel cyclomethicone (and) dimethicone (and)
polysilicone-11 (Grancil DMCM5; Grant Industries, Elmwood Park,
N.J.). The cyclomethicone (and) dimethicone (and) polysilicone-11
(and) salicylic acid is manufactured by adding salicylic acid
powder to the silicone gel and milling the mixture to ensure
homogeneous distribution of the salicylic acid in the silicone gel.
The cyclomethicone used the silicone gel was cyclopentasiloxane,
but other cyclomethicones may be used (e.g.,
cyclotetrasiloxane).
3 TABLE 3 INGREDIENT WEIGHT (%) Phase A Deionized Water 31.50
Sodium Chloride 0.50 Panthenol 1.00 Milibiose 0.25 Matricaria
Extract 1.00 Aloe Barbadensis Gel 0.01 Diazolindyl Urea 0.20 Phase
B Dipropylene Glycol 4.00 Methyl paraben 0.15 Phase C Tocopheryl
Acetate 0.01 Retinyl Palmitate 0.01 Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate (and)
PEG-8 2.00 Propylene Glycol Cocoate (80:20) Cyclomethicone (and)
Dimethicone Copolyol 13.00 (90:10) Propyl paraben 0.20
Cyclomethicone (and) Quarternium 18 (and) 1.50 Hectorite (and)
Propylene Carbonate (35:60:5) Ethylene Brassylate 0.20 Synthetic
Wax 1.20 Cyclomethicone (and) Dimethicone (and) 8.80 Salicylic acid
(and) Polysilicone-11 (31.5:31.5:31.5:5.5) Phase D Cyclomethicone
10.89 Phase E Talc 6.00 Silica Silyate 0.50 C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate
(and) Titanium 8.00 Dioxide (and) Alumina (and) Polyhydroxystearic
Acid (and) Silica (60:30:5:2.5:2.5) Polymethyl Methacrylate (and)
tocopheryl 0.10 acetate (and) pantothenic acid (and) ascorbic acid
(and) retinyl palmitate (90:7:1:1:1) Titanium Dioxide 7.36 Iron
Oxides 0.49 100.00
[0054] The resulting composition comprised 0.55% of salicylic acid
and had a viscosity of 12,000 cps.
[0055] It is understood that while the invention has been described
in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, that the
foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the
scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the
appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are
within the claims.
* * * * *