U.S. patent application number 09/808340 was filed with the patent office on 2001-08-16 for chemical linker compositions.
This patent application is currently assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company. Invention is credited to Broze, Guy, Cao, Hoai-Chau, Connors, Thomas, Davister, Michele, Durbut, Patrick, Labows, John.
Application Number | 20010014654 09/808340 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46257604 |
Filed Date | 2001-08-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010014654 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Davister, Michele ; et
al. |
August 16, 2001 |
Chemical linker compositions
Abstract
A composition comprising: an organic chemical having a chemical
group having a dipole moment of at least about 1.5 Debyes and a
chemical linker selected from the group consisting of carboxylic
acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, an ethoxylated polyhydric
alcohol, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a polyethylene glycol having a
molecular weight of about 600 to about 10,000, wherein the molar
ratio of organic chemical to chemical linker is about 4:1 to
1:4.
Inventors: |
Davister, Michele;
(Villers-Le-Bouillet, BE) ; Broze, Guy;
(Grace-Hollogne, BE) ; Durbut, Patrick; (Verviers,
BE) ; Cao, Hoai-Chau; (Liege, BE) ; Connors,
Thomas; (Piscataway, NJ) ; Labows, John;
(Horsham, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
PATENT DEPARTMENT
COLGATE-PALMOLIVE COMPANY
P.O. BOX 1343
PISCATAWAY
NJ
08855-1343
US
|
Assignee: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company
|
Family ID: |
46257604 |
Appl. No.: |
09/808340 |
Filed: |
March 14, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09808340 |
Mar 14, 2001 |
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09566286 |
May 5, 2000 |
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09566286 |
May 5, 2000 |
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09441907 |
Nov 17, 1999 |
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6172032 |
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09441907 |
Nov 17, 1999 |
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09335347 |
Jun 17, 1999 |
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6020301 |
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09335347 |
Jun 17, 1999 |
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09164471 |
Oct 1, 1998 |
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5955407 |
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09164471 |
Oct 1, 1998 |
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08764342 |
Dec 12, 1996 |
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5854194 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/130 ;
510/159; 510/428 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 1/12 20130101; C11D
3/3719 20130101; A61K 2800/57 20130101; A61K 2800/596 20130101;
C11D 3/2068 20130101; A61K 8/8176 20130101; C11D 3/364 20130101;
C11D 1/667 20130101; A61K 8/463 20130101; C11D 1/143 20130101; C11D
1/94 20130101; A61Q 19/10 20130101; C11D 3/042 20130101; C11D 1/74
20130101; C11D 3/2072 20130101; C11D 3/2079 20130101; A01N 2300/00
20130101; A61K 8/39 20130101; C11D 3/24 20130101; C11D 17/0021
20130101; C11D 1/523 20130101; A61K 8/42 20130101; C11D 1/88
20130101; C11D 3/38 20130101; A01N 37/18 20130101; A61K 8/86
20130101; A61Q 17/02 20130101; C11D 3/3776 20130101; A61K 8/466
20130101; C11D 1/146 20130101; C11D 3/2093 20130101; C11D 3/50
20130101; C11D 3/48 20130101; A01N 25/18 20130101; A01N 37/18
20130101; C11D 1/14 20130101; C11D 1/75 20130101; C11D 1/04
20130101; C11D 3/2003 20130101; C11D 3/386 20130101; C11D 3/3707
20130101; C11D 1/90 20130101; C11D 1/83 20130101; C11D 1/72
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/130 ;
510/159; 510/428 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/50; A61K
007/48 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A body cleaning composition comprises approximately by weight:
(a) 6% to 30% of an ethoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.16 alkyl ether
sulfate; (b) 2% to 16% of a C.sub.8-C.sub.16 alkyl sulfate or a
C.sub.8-C.sub.16 alkyl benzene sulfonate; (c) 1 % to 8% of a
zwitterionic surfactant being complexed with said sulfate and said
sulfonate surfactant; (d) 1% to 8% of a C.sub.12-16 alkyl diethanol
amide; (e) 0.1% to 2% of a perfume; (f) 0.5% to 6% of a chemical
linker; (g) 0 to 8%, more preferably 0.1% to 7% of an ethoxylated
or ethoxylated/propoxylated non ionic surfactant; and (h) the
balance being water.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation in part application of
U.S. Ser. No. 9/566,286 filed May 5, 2000 which in turn is a
continuation in part application of U.S. Ser. No. 9/441,907 filed
Nov. 1, 1999 which in turn is a continuation in part application of
U.S. Ser. No. 9/335,347 filed Jun. 17, 1999 which in turn is a
continuation in part application of U.S. Ser. No. 9/164,471 filed
Oct. 1, 1998 which in turn is a continuation in part application of
U.S. Ser. No. 8/764,342 filed Dec. 12, 1996.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a chemical linkers that can
be added to an organic chemical such as a perfume, insect
repellent, antibacterial agent, and/or an allergen agent in order
to reduce the rate of vaporization of the chemical additive from
the surface to which it has been applied.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] A major problem is how long a chemical additive such as a
perfume, fabric softener, sunscreen agent, insect repellent,
antibacterial agent and/or allergen agent will be effective on a
surface on which the chemical has been deposited. For example, if
the lasting effect of a perfume deposited on the human skin could
be increased the necessity for repeat application of the perfume
would be reduced. Alternatively, if the concentration of the
perfume in a solution could be reduced while maintaining its
effectiveness substantial cost savings could be achieved. The
present invention relates to chemical linkers which can be added to
the organic chemical whereby the chemical linker by chemical
association links the organic chemical to the surface on which the
organic chemical has been deposited thereby decreasing the rate of
vaporization of the organic chemical. The requirement of the
chemical linker is that when the chemical linker is added to a
organic chemical that an exothermic interaction occurs between the
chemical linker and the organic chemical which causes a reduction
in the active vapor pressure of the organic chemical.
[0004] The instant invention further relates to the use of the
chemical linkers and the organic chemical in a surfactant based
cleaning compositions.
[0005] For example, Methylneodecanamide (MNDA) is an insect
repellent agent which can be added to a hard surface cleaning
composition. This is necessary to deposit 10 micrograms of MNDA per
cm2 to have one day efficacy. It is more than 500 molecular layers.
To deliver this amount requires almost neat usage and is not
compatible with consumers habits and practice. Unfortunately, one
may not increase the MNDA concentration. It is desirable to
increase the repellency duration without increase MNDA
quantity.
[0006] On the other hand, it would be desirable to have more
formulation flexibility with high oil uptake capacity perfumes. The
increase of the substantivity of these perfumes ingredients would
make possible to either increase performance of the perfume, or
deliver the same cleaning and olfacting results with less perfume.
This invention teaches that chemical linkers are a way to deliver
more efficiently actives such as MNDA or perfumes to a surface to
which it has been applied.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention relates to chemical compositions which
comprises a complex of:
[0008] (a) an organic chemical having a chemical group with a
dipole moment of at least about 1.5 selected from the group
consisting of a chemical compound containing an amide linkage such
as an insect repellents, antibacterial agents containing a
carbon-halogen bond such as triclosan, allergen agents, fabric
softener or sunscreen agent containing an ester group or enzymes
containing acid groups and a chemical compound containing an
aldehyde group or alcohol group such as those type of compounds
present in perfumes and mixtures thereof; and
[0009] (b) a chemical linker which undergoes an exothermic reaction
with the organic chemical, wherein the chemical linker can be a
polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer, an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol,
carboxylic acid having about 4 to about 6 carbon atoms and a
polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 600 to about
10,000, preferably about 1,000 to about 8,000, wherein the mole
ratio of the organic chemical to the chemical linker is about 4:1
to about 1:4.
[0010] The complex of the organic chemical and chemical linker can
be applied neat to the surface which is being treated, wherein the
chemical linker functions to bind the organic chemical to the
treated surface. Alternatively, the complex of the organic chemical
and the chemical linker can be dissolved at a concentration of
about 0.1 wt. % to about 99.9 wt. % in a solvent which dissolves
both the chemical linker and organic chemical. Alternatively, the
complex of the chemical linker and the organic chemical can be
incorporated into a cleaning composition such as a body cleansing
formulation, a fabric softening composition, a body lotion, a
shampoo, an oral cleaning composition, a light duty liquid
composition, an all purpose or microemulsion hard surface cleaning
composition and a fabric care cleaning composition.
[0011] The instant invention also relates to complexes of a
chemical linker, an organic chemical having a dipole moment of at
least about 1.5 Debyes and an anionic sulfonate, carboxylate or
sulfate containing surfactant which can be optionally mixed with a
zwitterionic surfactant and an amine oxide and mixtures
thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The present invention relates to a complex of:
[0013] (a) an organic chemical having a chemical group having a
dipole moment of at least about 1.5 Debyes, more preferably at
least about 1.6 Debyes; and
[0014] (b) a chemical linker selected from the group consisting of
carboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, polyethylene glycols
having a molecular weight of about 600 to about 10,000, an
ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymer
wherein the mole ratio of the organic chemical to chemical linker
is about 4:1 to about 1:4. The present invention also relates to a
solution of 0.25 wt. % to 99.75 wt. % of the complex of the organic
chemical and chemical linker in a solvent which can solubilize the
complex of the organic chemical and chemical linker.
[0015] The present invention further relates to a composition which
comprises approximately by weight:
[0016] (a) 0.1 to 10% of an organic chemical having a chemical
group with dipole moment of at least about 1.5 Debyes, more
preferably at least about 1.6 Debyes;
[0017] (b) 0 to 30% of at least one anionic surfactant having a
carboxylate, sulfate or sulfonate group;
[0018] (c) 0.1 to 20% of a chemical linker compound selected from
the group consisting of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, a
polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer, a polyethylene glycol having a
molecular weight of about 600 to 10,000 and a carboxylic acid
having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, wherein the
chemical linker complexes both with the anionic surfactant and the
additive;
[0019] (d) 0 to 15% of a second surfactant selected from the group
consisting of an amine oxide surfactant and a zwitterionic
surfactant and mixtures thereof, wherein the anionic surfactant
complexes with the amine oxide or zwitterionic surfactant;
[0020] (e) 0 to 20% of a cosurfactant; and
[0021] (f) 5 to 99.8% of water.
[0022] The present invention relates to a body cleaning composition
comprising approximately by weight:
[0023] (a) 6% to 30% of an ethoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.16 alkyl ether
sulfate;
[0024] (b) 2% to 16% of a C.sub.8-C.sub.16 alkyl sulfate or a
C.sub.8-C.sub.16 alkyl benzene sulfonate;
[0025] (c) 1% to 8% of a zwitterionic surfactant or amine oxide
surfactant being complexed with said sulfate and said sulfonate
surfactant;
[0026] (d) 1% to 8% of a C.sub.12-16 alkyl diethanol amide;
[0027] (e) 0.1% to 2% of a perfume;
[0028] (f) 0.5% to 6% of a chemical linker;
[0029] (g) 0.1 % to 8%, more preferably 0.2% to 8 7% of an
ethoxylated or ethoxylated/propoxylated nonionic surfactant;
and
[0030] (h) the balance being water.
[0031] The instant compositions do not contain an organic compound
containing ester groups, an anionic polycarboxylate polymer, an
alkylamine, cyclomethicone, propylene glycol or an alcohol.
Excluded from the instant compositions are linear molecularly
dehydrated polyphosphate salts, a linear anionic polycarboxylate,
N-alkyl aldonamides and alkylene carbonates.
[0032] Also excluded from the instant compositions are
cosurfactants selected from the group consisting of water-soluble
C.sub.3-C.sub.4 alkanols, polypropylene glycol of the formula
HO(CH.sub.3CHCH.sub.2O).sub- .nH wherein n is a number from 2 to 18
and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and mono
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl ethers and esters of ethylene glycol and
propylene glycol having the structural formulas R(X).sub.nOH and
R.sub.1(X).sub.nOH wherein R is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sub.1 is
C.sub.2-C.sub.4 acyl group, X is (OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2) or
(OCH.sub.2(CH.sub.3)CH) and n is a number from 1 to 4; aliphatic
mono- and di-carboxylic acids containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms,
preferably 3 to 6 carbons in the molecule; and triethyl
phosphate.
[0033] When the mono- and di-carboxylic acid (Class 2)
cosurfactants are employed in the instant microemulsion
compositions at a concentration of 2 to 10 wt. %, the microemulsion
compositions can be used as a cleaner for bathtubs and other hard
surfaced items, which are acid resistant thereby removing lime
scale, soap scum and greasy soil from the surfaces of such items
damaging such surfaces. If these surfaces are zirconium white
enamel, they can be damaged by these compositions.
[0034] An aminoalkylene phophoric acid at a concentration of 0.01
to 0.2 wt. % can be optionally used in conjunction with the mono-
and di-carboxylic acids, wherein the aminoalkylene phosphoric acid
helps prevent damage to zirconium white enamel surfaces.
Additionally, 0.05 to 1 % of phosphoric acid can be used in the
composition.
[0035] Representative members of the polypropylene glycol include
dipropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol having a molecular
weight of 200 to 1000, e.g., polypropylene glycol 400. Other
satisfactory glycol ethers are ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
(butyl cellosolve), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl
carbitol), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol
monobutyl ether, mono, di, tri propylene glycol monobutyl ether,
tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol tertiary
butyl ether, ethylene glycol monoacetate and dipropylene glycol
propionate.
[0036] Representative members of the aliphatic carboxylic acids
include C.sub.3-C.sub.6 alkyl and alkenyl monobasic acids such as
acrylic acid and propionic acid and dibasic acids such as glutaric
acid and mixtures of glutaric acid with adipic acid and succinic
acid, as well as mixtures of the foregoing acids.
[0037] While all of the aforementioned glycol ether compounds and
acid compounds provide the described stability, the most preferred
cosurfactant compounds of each type, on the basis of cost and
cosmetic appearance (particularly odor), are diethylene glycol
monobutyl ether and a mixture of adipic, glutaric and succinic
acids, respectively. The ratio of acids in the foregoing mixture is
not particularly critical and can be modified to provide the
desired odor. Generally, to maximize water solubility of the acid
mixture glutaric acid, the most water-soluble of these three
saturated aliphatic dibasic acids, will be used as the major
component.
[0038] Generally, weight ratios of adipic acid:glutaric
acid:succinic acid is 1-3:1-8:1-5, preferably 1-2:1-6:1-3, such as
1:1:1, 1:2:1, 2:2:1, 1:2:1.5, 1:2:2, 2:3:2, etc. can be used with
equally good results.
[0039] Still other classes of cosurfactant compounds providing
stable microemulsion compositions at low and elevated temperatures
are the mono-, di- and triethyl esters of phosphoric acid such as
triethyl phosphate.
[0040] The amount of cosurfactant which might be required to
stabilize the microemulsion compositions will, of course, depend on
such factors as the surface tension characteristics of the
cosurfactant, the type and amounds of the analephotropic complex
and perfumes, and the type and amounts of any other additional
ingredients which may be present in the composition and which have
an influence on the thermodynamic factors enumerated above.
Generally, amounts of cosurfactant in the range of from 0 to 50 wt.
%, preferably from 0.1 wt. % to 25 wt. %, especially preferably
from 0.5 wt. % to 15 wt. %, by weight provide such stable
microemulsions for the above-described levels of primary
surfactants and perfume and any other additional ingredients as
described below.
[0041] As will be appreciated by the practitioner, the pH of the
final microemulsion will be dependent upon the identify of the
cosurfactant compound, with the choice of the cosurfactant being
effected by cost and cosmetic properties, particularly odor. For
example, microemulsion compositions which have a pH in the range of
1 to 10 may employ either the class 1 or the class 4 cosurfactant
as the sole cosurfactant, but the pH range is reduced to 1 to 8.5
when the polyvalent metal salt is present. On the other hand, the
class 2 cosurfactant can only be used as the sole cosurfactant
where the product pH is below 3.2. However, where the acidic
cosurfactants are employed in admixture with a glycol ether
cosurfactant, compositions can be formulated at a substantially
neutral pH (e.g., pH 7+-1.5, preferably 7+-0.2).
[0042] The ability to formulate neutral and acidic products without
builders which have grease removal capacities is a feature of the
present invention because the prior art microemulsion formulations
most usually are highly alkaline or highly built or both.
[0043] The final essential ingredient in the hard surface cleaning
compositions having improved interfacial tension properties is
water. The proportion of water in the hard surface cleaning
compositions generally is in the range of 20 wt. % to 97 wt. %,
preferably 70 wt. % to 97 wt. % of the usual diluted o/w
microemulsion composition.
[0044] The present invention also relates to a stable concentrated
microemulsion or acidic microemulsion composition comprising
approximately by weight:
[0045] (a) 3 to 40$ of an analephotropic negatively charged complex
as previously herein defined;
[0046] (b) 0 to 2.5% of a fatty acid;
[0047] (c) 2 to 30% of a cosurfactant;
[0048] (d) 0.4% to 10% of a water insoluble hydrocarbon or
perfume;
[0049] (e) 0 to 18% of at least one dicarboxylic acid;
[0050] (f) 0 to 1% of phosphoric acid;
[0051] (g) 0 to 0.2% of an aminoalkylene phosphoric acid;
[0052] (h) 0 to 15% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate;
[0053] (i) 0.5% to 10% of a Lewis base, neutral polymer; and
[0054] (j) the balance being water.
[0055] The instant compositions excluded the use of ethoxylated
nonionic surfactants formed for the condensation product of primary
or secondary alkanols and ethylene oxide or propylene oxides
because the use of these ethoxylated nonionic would cause a
weakening of the chemical association between the chemical linker
and Lewis base and/or anionic surfactant.
[0056] The complex of the organic chemical and chemical linker can
be made by simple mixing with or without heat, if the chemical
linker is a liquid. If the chemical linker is a solid, the chemical
linker must be heat above its melting point and the organic
chemical mixed into the melted chemical linker.
[0057] The organic chemicals used in the instant invention have a
chemical group having dipole moments of at least about 1.5 Debyes,
more preferably at least one about 1.6 Debyes such as halogens
affixed to a carbon atom, alcohol groups, aldehyde groups, ester
groups, carboxylic acid groups, amine groups and amide groups.
Typical chemical additives containing groups with high dipole
moments are perfumes containing alcohol and aldehyde compounds, an
insect repellent such as an N-lower alkyl neoalkanoamide wherein
the alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the neodalkanoyl moiety
has 7 to 14 carbon atoms, antibacterial agents such as triclosan,
enzymes, proteins and an allergen such as benzyl benzoate.
[0058] As used herein and in the appended claims one of the organic
chemicals is a perfume which is used in its ordinary sense to refer
to and include any non-water soluble fragrant substance or mixture
of substances including natural (i.e., obtained by extraction of
flower, herb, blossom or plant), artificial (i.e., mixture of
natural oils or oil constituents) and synthetically produced
substance) odoriferous substances. Typically, perfumes are complex
mixtures of blends of various organic compounds such as alcohols,
aldehydes, ethers, aromatic compounds and varying amounts of
essential oils (e.g., terpenes) such as from 0% to 80%, usually
from 10% to 70% by weight. The essential oils themselves are
volatile odoriferous compounds and also serve to dissolve the other
components of the perfume.
[0059] The analephotropic negatively charged anionic complex which
can be contained in the instant cleaning compositions such as a
fabric cleaning composition, a light duty liquid composition, an
all purpose or microemulsion composition, a body cleaning
composition or a shampoo comprises a complex of:
[0060] (a) at least one anionic surfactant which is an alkali metal
salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfonate or sulfate
surfactant; and
[0061] (b) an amine oxide or zwitterionic surfactant wherein the
ratio of the anionic surfactant to the amine oxide surfactantr
zwitterionic surfactant is 7:1 to 0.2:1, more preferably 2:1 to
0.4:1. The instant composition contains about 3 to about 40 wt. %,
more preferably about 5 to about 20 wt. %, of the analephotropic
negatively charged complex.
[0062] Suitable water-soluble non-soap, anionic surfactants include
those surface-active or detergent compounds which contain an
organic hydrophobic group containing generally 8 to 26 carbon atoms
and preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms in their molecular structure
and at least one water-solubilizing group selected from the group
of sulfonate, sulfate and carboxylate so as to form a water-soluble
detergent. Usually, the hydrophobic group will include or comprise
a C.sub.8-C.sub.22 alkyl, alkyl or acyl group. Such surfactants are
employed in the form of water-soluble salts and, the salt-forming
cation usually is selected from the group consisting of sodium,
potassium, or magnesium, with the sodium and magnesium cations
again being preferred.
[0063] Examples of suitable sulfonated anionic surfactants are the
well known higher alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates such as the
higher alkyl benzene sulfonates containing from 10 to 16 carbon
atoms in the higher alkyl group in a straight or branched chain,
C.sub.8-C.sub.15 alkyl toluene sulfonates and C.sub.8-C.sub.15
alkyl phenol sulfonates.
[0064] A preferred sulfonate is linear alkyl benzene sulfonate
having a high content of 3- (or higher) phenyl isomers and a
correspondingly low content (well below 50%) of 2-(or lower) phenyl
isomers, that is, wherein the benzene ring is preferably attached
in large part at the 3 or higher (for example, 4, 5, 6 or 7)
position of the alkyl group and the content of the isomers in which
the benzene ring is attached in the 2 or 1 position is
correspondingly low. Particularly preferred materials are set forth
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,320,174.
[0065] Other suitable anionic surfactants are the olefin
sulfonates, including long-chain alkene sulfonates, long-chain
hydroxyalkane sulfonates or mixtures of alkene sulfonates and
hydroxyalkane sulfonates. These olefin sulfonate detergents may be
prepared in a known manner by the reaction of sulfur trioxide
(SO.sub.3) with long-chain olefins containing 8 to 25, preferably
12 to 21 carbon atoms, and having the formula RCH=CHR.sub.1 where R
is a higher alkyl group of 6 to 23 carbons and R.sub.1 is an alkyl
group of 1 to 17 carbons or hydrogen to form a mixture of sultones
and alkene sulfonic acids which is then treated to convert the
sultones to sulfonates. Preferred olefin sulfonates contain from 14
to 16 carbon atoms in the R alkyl group and are obtained by
sulfonating an a-olefin.
[0066] Other examples of suitable anionic sulfonate surfactants are
the paraffin sulfonates containing 10 to 20, preferably 13 to 17,
carbon atoms. Primary paraffin sulfonates are made by reacting
long-chain alpha olefins and bisulfites and paraffin sulfonates
having the sulfonate group distributed along the paraffin chain are
shown in U.S. Pat. Nos.. 2,503,280; 2,507,088; 3,260,744;
3,372,188; and German Patent 735,096.
[0067] Examples of satisfactory anionic sulfate surfactants are the
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl sulfate salts and the ethoxylated
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl ether sulfate salts having the formula
R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.n OSO.sub.3M wherein n is 1 to 12,
preferably 1 to 5, and M is a metal cation selected from the group
consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and mono-, di-
and triethanol ammonium ions. The alkyl sulfates may be obtained by
sulfating the alcohols obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut
oil or tallow or mixtures thereof and neutralizing the resultant
product.
[0068] On the other hand, the ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfates are
obtained by sulfating the condensation product of ethylene oxide
with a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkanol and neutralizing the resultant
product. The alkyl sulfates may be obtained by sulfating the
alcohols obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut oil or tallow
or mixtures thereof and neutralizing the resultant product. The
ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfates differ from one another in the
number of moles of ethylene oxide reacted with one mole of alkanol.
Preferred alkyl sulfates and preferred ethoxylated alkyl ether
sulfates contain 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
[0069] The ethoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.12 alkylphenyl ether sulfates
containing from 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide in the molecule also
are suitable for use in the inventive compositions. These
surfactants can be prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol with 2 to 6
moles of ethylene oxide and sulfating and neutralizing the
resultant ethoxylated alkylphenol.
[0070] Other suitable anionic surfactants are the C.sub.9-C.sub.15
alkyl ether polyethenoxyl carboxylates having the structural
formula R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.nOX COOH wherein n is a number from
4 to 12, preferably 5 to 10 and X is selected from the group
consisting of CH.sub.2, (C(O)R.sub.1 and 1
[0071] wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene group.
Preferred compounds include C.sub.9-C.sub.11 alkyl ether
polyethenoxy (7-9) C(O) CH.sub.2CH.sub.2COOH, C.sub.13-C.sub.15
alkyl ether polyethenoxy (7-9) 2
[0072] and C.sub.10-C.sub.12 alkyl ether polyethenoxy (5-7)
CH.sub.2COOH. These compounds may be prepared by reacting ethylene
oxide with appropriate alkanol and reacting this reaction product
with chloracetic acid to make the ether carboxylic acids as shown
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,741,911 or with succinic anhydride or phthalic
anhydride. Obviously, these anionic surfactants will be present
either in acid form or salt form depending upon the pH of the final
composition, with salt forming cation being the same as for the
other anionic surfactants.
[0073] Of the foregoing non-soap anionic surfactants used in
forming the analephotropic complex, the preferred surfactants are
the sodium or magnesium salts of the C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl
sulfates such as magnesium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate
and mixtures thereof.
[0074] Generally, the proportion of the nonsoap-anionic surfactant
will be in the range of 0 to 30%, preferably from 1% to 15%, by
weight of the cleaning composition.
[0075] The instant composition contains as part of the
analephotropic negatively charged complex about 3% to about 30%,
preferably about 4% to about 15% of an amine oxide, or zwitterionic
surfactant.
[0076] The amine oxides used in forming the analephotropic complex
are depicted by the formula 3
[0077] wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.10-C.sub.18 a linear or branched
chain alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.16 linear alkyl group
and R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.16 linear alkyl group.
[0078] The zwitterionic surfactant used in forming the
analephotropic complex is a water soluble betaine having the
general formula: 4
[0079] wherein X.sup.- is selected from the group consisting of
COO.sup.- and SO.sub.3- and R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 10 to
about 20 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, or the
amido radical: 5
[0080] wherein R is an alkyl group having about 9 to 19 carbon
atoms and a is the integer 1 to 4: R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each
alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons and preferably 1 carbon; R.sub.4
is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon
atoms and, optionally, one hydroxyl group. Typical alkyldimethyl
betaines include decyl dimethyl betaine or 2-(N-decyl-N,
N-dimethyl-ammonia) acetate, coco dimethyl betaine or 2-(N-coco N,
N-dimethylammonia) acetate, myristyl dimethyl betaine, palmityl
dimethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine,
stearyl dimethyl betaine, etc. The amidobetaines similarly include
cocoamidoethylbetaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine and the like. A
preferred betaine is coco (C.sub.8-C.sub.18) amidopropyl dimethyl
betaine. Three preferred betaine surfactants are GENAGEN CAB.TM.
and REWOTERIC AMB 13198 and GOLMSCHMIDT BETAINE L7.TM..
[0081] The instant compositions contain about 0.5 wt. % to about 10
wt. %, more preferably about 1 wt. % to about 7.0 wt. %, of a
chemical linker which can be a carboxylic acid having 4 to 6 carbon
atoms, a Lewis base, neutral polymer which is soluble in water and
has either a nitrogen or oxygen atom with a pair of free electrons
such that the Lewis base, neutral polymer can electronically
associate with the anionic surfactant and an active organic
chemical having a dipole moment of at least about 1.5 Debyes such
as an enzyme, protein, allergen agent, a perfume or an
antimicrobial agent such as triclosan or an insect repellent such
as MNDA wherein the Lewis base, neutral polymer is deposit and
anchors onto the surface of the surface being treated thereby
holding the organic chemical in close proximity to the surface
thereby ensuring that the properties being parted by the organic
chemical last longer. The chemical linker can also link with the
anionic surfactant to hold the anionic surfactant in close
proximity to the surface being cleaned.
[0082] The Lewis base, neutral polymers are selected from the group
consisting of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, a polyvinyl
pyrrolidone polymer and a polyethylene glycol.
[0083] The ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol is depicted by the
following formula: 6
[0084] wherein w equals one to four and x, y and z have a value
between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z)
equals about 2 to about 100, preferably about 4 to about 24, and
most preferably about 4 to about 19, and wherein R' is either
hydrogen atom or methyl group. A preferred ethoxylated polyhydric
alcohol is glycerol 6EO.
[0085] The polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer is depicted by the
formula: 7
[0086] wherein m is about 20 to about 350, more preferably about 70
to about 110.
[0087] The polyethylene glycol is depicted by the formula
HO--(CH.sub.2-CH.sub.2O-).sub.nH
[0088] wherein n is about 8 to about 225, more preferably about 10
to about 100,000, wherein PEG1000 is preferred which is a
polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000.
[0089] The ethoxylated nonionic surfactant is present in amounts of
about 0.1% to 8%, preferably 0.2 to 7% by weight of the composition
and provides superior performance in the removal of oily soil and
mildness to human skin.
[0090] The water soluble nonionic surfactants utilized in this
invention are commercially well known and include the primary
aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, secondary aliphatic alcohol
ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates and ethylene-oxide-propylene
oxide condensates on primary alkanols, such a Plurafacs (BASF) and
condensates of ethylene oxide with sorbitan fatty acid esters such
as the Tweens (ICI). The nonionic synthetic organic detergents
generally are the condensation products of an organic aliphatic or
alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound and hydrophilic ethylene oxide
groups. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a carboxy,
hydroxy, amido, or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to the
nitrogen can be condensed with ethylene oxide or with the
polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol, to form a
water-soluble nonionic detergent. Further, the length of the
polyethenoxy chain can be adjusted to achieve the desired balance
between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements.
[0091] The nonionic detergent class includes the condensation
products of a higher alcohol (e.g., an alkanol containing 8 to 18
carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain configuration)
condensed with 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, for example, lauryl
or myristyl alcohol condensed with 16 moles of ethylene oxide (EO),
tridecanol condensed with 6 to moles of EO, myristyl alcohol
condensed with about 10 moles of EO per mole of myristyl alcohol,
the condensation product of EO with a cut of coconut fatty alcohol
containing a mixture of fatty alcohols with alkyl chains varying
from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in length and wherein the condensate
contains either 6 moles of EO per mole of total alcohol or 9 moles
of EO per mole of alcohol and tallow alcohol ethoxylates containing
6 EO to 11 EO per mole of alcohol.
[0092] A preferred group of the foregoing nonionic surfactants are
the Neodol ethoxylates (Shell Co.), which are higher aliphatic,
primary alcohols containing about 9-15 carbon atoms, such as
C.sub.9-C.sub.11 alkanol condensed with 8 moles of ethylene oxide
(Neodol 91-8), C.sub.12-13 alkanol condensed with 6.5 moles
ethylene oxide (Neodol 23-6.5), C.sub.12-15 alkanol condensed with
12 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 25-12), C.sub.14-15 alkanol
condensed with 13 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 45-13), and the
like. Such ethoxamers have an HLB (hydrophobic lipophilic balance)
value of 8-15 and give good/W emulsification, whereas ethoxamers
with HLB values below 8 contain less than 5 ethyleneoxy groups and
tend to be poor emulsifiers and poor detergents.
[0093] Additional satisfactory water soluble alcohol ethylene oxide
condensates are the condensation products of a secondary aliphatic
alcohol containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in a straight or branched
chain configuration condensed with 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide.
Examples of commercially available nonionic detergents of the
foregoing type are C.sub.11-C.sub.15 secondary alkanol condensed
with either 9 EO (Tergitol 15-S-9) or 12 EO (Tergitol 15-S-12)
marketed by Union Carbide.
[0094] Other suitable nonionic detergents include the polyethylene
oxide condensates of one mole of alkyl phenol containing from 8 to
18 carbon atoms in a straight- or branched chain alkyl group with 5
to 30 moles of ethylene oxide. Specific examples of alkyl phenol
ethoxylates include nonyl condensed with 9.5 moles of EO per mole
of nonyl phenol, dinonyl phenol condensed with 12 moles of EO per
mole of phenol, dinonyl phenol condensed with 15 moles of EO per
mole of phenol and di-isoctylphenol condensed with 15 moles of EO
per mole of phenol. Commercially available nonionic surfactants of
this type include Igepal CO-630 (nonyl phenol ethoxylate) marketed
by GAF Corporation.
[0095] Also among the satisfactory nonionic detergents are the
water-soluble condensation products of a C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkanol
with a heteric mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide
wherein the weight ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide is
from 2.5:1 to 4:1, preferably 2.8:1-3.3:1, with the total of the
ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (including the terminal ethanol
or propanol group) being from 60-85%, preferably 70-80%, by weight.
Such detergents are commercially available from BASF-Wyandotte and
a particularly preferred detergent is a C.sub.10-C.sub.16 alkanol
condensate with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the weight
ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide being 3:1 and the total
alkoxy content being 75% by weight.
[0096] Other suitable water-soluble nonionic detergents which are
less preferred are marketed under the trade name "Pluronics." The
compounds are formed by condensing ethylene oxide with a
hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with
propylene glycol. The molecular weight of the hydrophobic portion
of the molecule is of the order of 950 to 4000 and preferably 200
to 2,500. The addition of polyoxyethylene radicals to the
hydrophobic portion tends to increase the solubility of the
molecule as a whole so as to make the surfactant water-soluble. The
molecular weight of the block polymers varies from 1,000 to 15,000
and the polyethylene oxide content may comprise 20% to 80% by
weight. Preferably, these surfactants will be in liquid form and
satisfactory surfactants are available as grades L62 and L64.
[0097] The liquid body cleaning compositions of this invention may,
if desired, also contain other components either to provide
additional effect or to make the product more attractive to the
consumer. The following are mentioned by way of example: Colors or
dyes in amounts up to 0.5% by weight; bactericides in amounts up to
1% by weight; preservatives or antioxidizing agents, such as
formalin, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothaliazolin-3-one,
2,6-di-tert.butyl-p-cresol, etc., in amounts up to 2% by weight;
and pH adjusting agents, such as sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide,
as needed. Furthermore, if opaque compositions are desired, up to
4% by weight of an opacifier may be added.
[0098] The body cleaning compositions are directly ready for use or
can be diluted as desired and in either case no or only minimal
rinsing is required and substantially no residue or streaks are
left behind. When intended for use in the neat form, the liquid
compositions can be packaged under pressure in an aerosol container
or in a pump-type sprayer for the so-called spray-and-wipe type of
application.
[0099] Because the body cleaning compositions as prepared are
aqueous liquid formulations and since no particular mixing is
required to form the all purpose cleaning or microemulsion
composition, the compositions are easily prepared simply by
combining all the ingredients in a suitable vessel or container.
The order of mixing the ingredients is not particularly important
and generally the various ingredients can be added sequentially or
all at once or in the form of aqueous solutions of each or all of
the primary detergents can be separately prepared and combined with
each other and with the perfume.
[0100] The following examples illustrate the complexes of additives
and chemical linker and liquid cleaning compositions containing
complexes of the chemical linker with the additive and/or
surfactant invention. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages
are by weight. The exemplified compositions are illustrative only
and do not limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise
specified, the proportions in the examples and elsewhere in the
specification are by weight.
EXAMPLE I
[0101] The following complexes of chemical additive and chemical
linker were made:
[0102] Tests were run with a microcalorimeter CALVET. A cell
contains 0.5 g of the chemical additive and 0.5 g of a chemical
linker such as polyethylene glycol in two separated parts. A semi
circular cup disposed with in the cell allows the mixing of the two
components in the cell. The heat flow generated by the mixing is
measured. If the components interact together, their mixing
releases heat. The table hereafter gives the components of the
mixture, the time and the microwatt value to the maximum of the
exothermic peak.
1 A B C D E F G H I J Chemical additives Quat ester 0.5 Benzyl
benzoate 0.5 Dihydromyrcenol - Perfume 0.5 Aldehyde C9 - Perfume
0.5 0.5 Triclosan 0.5 MNDA 0.5 1.5 n-dimethyl para-amine octyl
benzoate 0.5 BSA - Protein 0.5 PEG 200 0.5 PEG 600 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
PEG 6000 0.5 0.5 0.5 Exothermic reaction Microwatte to exothermic
energy peak 1070 3240 115 55500 327 171 98 700 39700 1934 Time
(seconds) to energy peak 80 130 30 40 120 130 140 820 380 670
LEVENOL F200 .TM. 0.5 Isobutyric Acid 0.3
EXAMPLE II
[0103] The following formulas were made by simple mixing at
25.degree. C. and tested for roach repelling.
2 Weight Percent A B C D E Deionized Water 82.2260 83.2260 82.9260
84.9260 83.9260 MgSO4.Yen.7H2O 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
C.sub.14-17 Paraffin Sulfonate 60% No P 6.6700 6.6700 6.6700 6.6700
6.6700 C.sub.13-15 Fatty Alcohol EO 7:1/PO 4:1 3.0000 3.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 Esterified Polyethoxyether Levanol F200 0.0000 0.0000
2.3000 2.3000 2.3000 PEG-600 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 3.5000 2.5000 3.5000 2.5000
2.5000 Sodium Hydroxide (38% Na2O) 0.0500 0.0500 0.0500 0.0500
0.0500 Dist. Coco Fatty Acid 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000
Stabilisant B 30% 0.1540 0.1540 0.1540 0.1540 0.1540 FD&C Green
3 Cl42053 0.0700 0.0700 0.0700 0.0700 0.0700 FD&C Yellow 10 Cl
47005 0.0300 0.0300 0.0300 0.0300 0.0300 Repellent Perfume - Mizqui
0.8000 0.8000 0.8000 0.8000 0.8000 Methyl Neodecanamide 2.0000
1.0000 2.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Days Roach Repellency, Probit 90%
7.1000 1.7000 10.9000 8.8000 7.3000
[0104] The testing for roach repellency was done by a tile cup test
procedure which was as follows:
[0105] German cockroaches (Blattella germancia) were maintained at
27.degree. C. on a 12 hour light/12 hour dark photo period. Vinyl
floors were cleaned and cut into 3.times.3 inch squares (58.1
cm.sup.2) with an electric saw. A 1.5 cm square notch was cut out
of half of the resulting squares to provide the roaches access to
the shelter. The tiles were washed with water before treatment.
Each of six cut tiles (two with access openings) were treated with
0.62 ml of test product (Formula L) diluted 4:1. Similarly six
control tiles were treated with 0.62 ml of an identical formulation
which did not contain MNDA (Formula M) diluted 4:1. The tiles were
allowed to dry 4-6 hours before the cup, a six sided cube was
assembled. The cut tiles were held together firmly with strips of
clear tape on the outside edges, except the floor of the shelter
was left unattached. The control and product treated shelter were
placed in the cage and the bioassay started. Forty-eight hours
prior to initiation of the assay, 50 male German cockroaches were
allowed to acclimate to the plastic test cages
(51.times.28.times.20 cm) with food and water available in the
center, outside of the cups. A thin film of Teflon emulsion on the
sides of the cages restricted the insects to the floor of the
cage.
[0106] The number of insects resting on the inner walls of each cup
were recorded in the middle of the photophase daily for 14 days or
until equal numbers were found in treated and control cups. After
counting, all roaches were removed from each cup. The position of
the cups were reversed each day.
[0107] Repellency was calculated as: 1 Repellency = 100 N t N t + N
c
[0108] where N.sub.t is the number of insects on the treated
surface and N.sub.c is the number on the control surface. Any
insect found outside of either shelter was not counted. Generally,
less than 5 of the 50 insects were found outside of the
shelters.
* * * * *