U.S. patent application number 09/767506 was filed with the patent office on 2001-08-09 for non-aqueous electrolyte cells and electric double layer capacitors.
Invention is credited to Sakai, Tsugio, Watanabe, Shunji.
Application Number | 20010012193 09/767506 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 18553262 |
Filed Date | 2001-08-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010012193 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Watanabe, Shunji ; et
al. |
August 9, 2001 |
Non-aqueous electrolyte cells and electric double layer
capacitors
Abstract
An electric double layer capacitor affords cost reduction and
miniaturization. In a non-aqueous electrolyte cell and an electric
double layer capacitor, which are composed of active materials used
as a cathode and an anode, and a container for receiving the
materials and an electrolyte, the storage container is composed of
a concave-shaped container 101 and a sealing plate 102, and first
and second collectors disposed in the container are electrically
connected to joining terminals A103, B104 disposed on an outer
bottom surface and/or sides of the container, the joining terminals
A103, B104 being made integral with the storage container.
Inventors: |
Watanabe, Shunji;
(Chiba-shi, JP) ; Sakai, Tsugio; (Chiba-shi,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
ADAMS & WILKS
31st FLOOR
50 BROADWAY
NEW YORK
NY
10004
US
|
Family ID: |
18553262 |
Appl. No.: |
09/767506 |
Filed: |
January 23, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
361/502 ;
429/161; 429/162; 429/176; 429/185 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01G 11/80 20130101;
H01G 11/04 20130101; H01G 11/56 20130101; Y02P 70/50 20151101; H01M
50/121 20210101; H01M 50/117 20210101; H01M 50/116 20210101; H01M
50/1243 20210101; H01G 11/82 20130101; H01G 9/155 20130101; Y02E
60/10 20130101; H01G 11/74 20130101; Y02E 60/13 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
361/502 ;
429/176; 429/161; 429/185; 429/162 |
International
Class: |
H01M 002/02; H01M
002/26; H01M 002/28; H01G 009/00; H01M 002/08 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 4, 2000 |
JP |
2000-027730 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A non-aqueous electrolyte cell having active materials used as a
cathode and an anode, and a container for receiving the materials
and an electrolyte, comprising the container is composed of a
concave-shaped container and a sealing plate, and the
concave-shaped container is provided on an inner bottom surface
thereof with a first collector, which is electrically connected to
a joining terminal A disposed on an outer bottom surface and/or
sides of the concave-shaped container, the sealing plate being
provided on a surface inside the cell with a second collector,
which is electrically connected to a joining terminal B disposed on
an outer bottom surface and/or sides of the concave-shaped
container.
2. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell according to claim 1, wherein
the concave-shaped container of the receiving container is selected
from heat resisting resins, glass, ceramics or ceramic glass, and
the first collector is provided on the inner bottom surface of the
concave-shaped container and electrically connected to a joining
terminal A disposed on the outer bottom surface of the
concave-shaped container, the concave-shaped container being formed
on an edge thereof with a metallic layer, which is electrically
connected to a joining terminal B disposed on the outer bottom
surface of the concave-shaped container, and wherein a sealing
surface on a top of the concave-shaped container is sealed by the
sealing plate, which has a metallic portion serving as the second
collector and the joining terminal.
3. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell and an electric double layer
capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first collector and the
joining terminals disposed on the concave-shaped container of the
receiving container and the metallic layer on the edge of the
container are composed of a material having a main component which
is a metal selected from tungsten, nickel, silver, platinum or
gold.
4. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell according to claim 1, wherein
surfaces on those portions of the joining terminals, which are
exposed outside the receiving container, are provided with nickel,
gold or solder.
5. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell according to claim 2 wherein
the concave-shaped container and the sealing plate are sealed by
interposing a brazing material or a solder material between the
concave-shaped container and the sealing plate and heating
them.
6. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell according to claim 1, wherein
the electrolyte is solid or gel.
7. An electric double layer capacitor having active materials used
as a cathode and an anode, and a container for receiving the
materials and an electrolyte, comprising the container is composed
of a concave-shaped container and a sealing plate, and the
concave-shaped container is provided on an inner bottom surface
thereof with a first collector, which is electrically connected to
a joining terminal A disposed on an outer bottom surface and/or
sides of the concave-shaped container, the sealing plate being
provided on a surface inside the cell with a second collector,
which is electrically connected to a joining terminal B disposed on
an outer bottom surface and/or sides of the concave-shaped
container.
8. The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1,
wherein the concave-shaped container of the receiving container is
selected from heat resisting resins, glass, ceramics or ceramic
glass, and the first collector is provided on the inner bottom
surface of the concave-shaped container and electrically connected
to a joining terminal A disposed on the outer bottom surface of the
concave-shaped container, the concave-shaped container being formed
on an edge thereof with a metallic layer, which is electrically
connected to a joining terminal B disposed on the outer bottom
surface of the concave-shaped container, and wherein a sealing
surface on a top of the concave-shaped container is sealed by the
sealing plate, which has a metallic portion serving as the second
collector and the joining terminal.
9. The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1,
wherein the first collector and the joining terminals disposed on
the concave-shaped container of the receiving container and the
metallic layer on the edge of the container are composed of a
material having a main component which is a metal selected from
tungsten, nickel, silver, platinum or gold.
10. The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1,
wherein surfaces on those portions of the joining terminals, which
are exposed outside the receiving container, are provided with
nickel, gold or solder.
11. The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 2
wherein the concave-shaped container and the sealing plate are
sealed by interposing a brazing material or a solder material
between the concave-shaped container and the sealing plate and
heating them.
12. The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1,
wherein the electrolyte is solid or gel.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte cell
capable of being mounted on a surface and an electric double layer
capacitor making use of electric double layer theory.
[0002] Non-aqueous electrolyte cells and electric double layer
capacitors have been conventionally used as backup power sources
for clock function, backup power sources for memories of
semiconductors, standby power sources for electronic devices such
as microcomputers, IC memories and the like, cells for solar
watches, and electric power sources for driving of motors, and have
been investigated as electric power sources for electric
automobiles and auxiliary power storage units of energy
transformation and storage systems in recent years.
[0003] For backup power sources, high capacity and electric current
for driving of semiconductors have been hitherto needed. In recent
years, however, semiconductor memories have been put into use,
which have no need of backup power sources owing to improvements in
the technology of nonvolatile memory. Also, low power consumption
has been promoted in elements with clock function. Accordingly,
there has been reduced the need for non-aqueous electrolyte cells
and electric double layer capacitors, which require substantially
large capacity and electric current.
[0004] A non-aqueous electrolyte cell or an electric double layer
capacitor is constructed as shown in FIG. 2. A positive active
material 201 is bonded to a positive electrode case 202 with an
electrode collector 202 and negative active material 204 is bonded
to a negative electrode case 205 with another electrode collector
202. The negative electrode case 205 is inserted into the groove
for the gasket 207. With the electorolyte 206 added, the negative
electrode case 205 and positive electrode case 203 are combined
together and the case 203 is crimped for sealing.
[0005] The need for non-aqueous electrolyte cells and electric
double layer capacitors, which require substantially large capacity
and electric current, has been reduced due to the fact that
nonvolatile memories have prevailed and low power consumption has
been promoted in elements with clock function. Rather, with respect
to non-aqueous electrolyte cells and electric double layer
capacitors, the demand has been increased for thinning of them and
reflow soldering (a method of soldering, comprising beforehand
applying a soldering cream or the like on those portions on a
printed circuit board, which are to be subjected to soldering to
place parts on the portions, or after such placing of parts,
supplying small soldering balls (soldering bumps) to portions being
subjected to soldering, and passing the printed circuit board with
parts thereon through a furnace under high temperature atmosphere
set so that portions being subjected to soldering become above the
melting point of solder, for example, 200 to 230.degree. C., to
thereby melt solder).
[0006] Since conventional non-aqueous electrolyte cells and
electric double layer capacitors have a cross section shown in FIG.
2 to be circular like coins and buttons, reflow soldering entails
the need of beforehand welding terminals or the like to a casing,
with the result that the cost goes up in terms of an increase in
the number of parts and in manufacturing manhour. Also, it is
necessary to provide on the board a space for terminals, and so
limitation is imposed on making the cells and capacitors small in
size.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In a non-aqueous electrolyte cell and an electric double
layer capacitor, which are composed of active materials used as a
cathode and an anode, and a container for receiving the materials
and an electrolyte, the container is composed of a concave-shaped
container and a sealing plate.
[0008] The concave-shaped container of the receiving container is
made of a good heat-resistant material such as heat resisting
resins, glass, ceramics or ceramic glass, and a metallic layer is
formed on the inner bottom surface of the concave-shaped container
to make a first collector to be electrically connected to a joining
terminal A disposed on the outer bottom surface of the
concave-shaped container.
[0009] Also, a metallic layer is formed on an edge of the
concave-shaped container to be electrically connected to a joining
terminal B disposed on the outer bottom surface of the
concave-shaped container. A cathode active-material, a separator,
and an anode active-material, which are made to be sheet-shaped,
are stackingly inserted in the concave-shaped container.
[0010] Joining terminals A, B are formed on either the outer bottom
surface and sides of the concave-shaped container or either of the
outer bottom surface and sides in such a manner to eliminate
short-circuiting.
[0011] Subsequently, a bonding material, such as a brazing material
or a solder material, having a configuration substantially
identical to that of the edge of the concave-shaped container is
placed on the edge of the concave-shaped container to be interposed
between it and the sealing plate. The sealing plate may be formed
of a metal or a good heat-resistant material such as a
heat-resistant resin with a metallic layer, glass, ceramics or
ceramic glass or the like.
[0012] The sealing plate is heated to above the melting point of
the bonding material, such as a brazing material or a solder
material, and pressurized for sealing.
[0013] Since the joining terminals are made integral with the
receiving container and disposed on a lower portion of the
receiving container, it becomes possible to decrease space in the
form of a sheet.
[0014] Thus, the invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte cell
and an electric double layer capacitor, which are composed of
active materials used as a cathode and an anode, and a container
for receiving the materials and an electrolyte, and in which the
container is composed of a concave-shaped container and a sealing
plate, and the concave-shaped container is provided on an inner
bottom surface thereof with a first collector, which is
electrically connected to a joining terminal A disposed on an outer
bottom surface and/or sides of the concave-shaped container, the
sealing plate being provided on a surface inside the cell with a
second collector, which is electrically connected to a joining
terminal B disposed on an outer bottom surface and/or sides of the
concave-shaped container. In this case, the sealing plate on the
second collector is electrically connected to a joining terminal B
through the metallic layer on the edge of the concave-shaped
container and bonding material.
[0015] Also, the first collector and the joining terminals disposed
on the concave-shaped container of the receiving container and the
metallic layer on the edge of the container are composed of a
material having a main component which is a metal selected from
tungsten, nickel, silver, platinum or gold.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing a non-aqueous
electrolyte cell and an electric double layer capacitor according
to the invention.
[0017] FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing a non-aqueous
electrolyte cell and an electric double layer capacitor according
to the prior art.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0018] A typical construction according to the invention will be
described with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is across sectional view
showing a non-aqueous electrolyte cell or an electric double layer
capacitor according to the invention. A concave-shaped container
101 of alumina is formed by applying tungsten printing on a green
sheet to bake the same, and then applying wiring of a metallic
layer of nickel or gold plating on the same. The container is
manufactured by the same method as that for general ceramic
packages for crystal oscillators. A metallic layer 109 serving as a
first collector is provided on an entire inner bottom surface, and
the metallic layer 109 extends through a wall surface of the
concave-shaped container 101 to be electrically connected to a
joining terminal A103 on an outer bottom surface of the
concave-shaped container 101 via an outer side surface of the
container. A similar metallic layer 110 is provided on an edge of a
top surface of the concave-shaped container 101 to extend on a left
side surface of the concave-shaped container shown in FIG. 1 to be
electrically connected to a joining terminal B104 on the outer
bottom surface of the concave-shaped container.
[0019] The joining terminals A, B may be provided on the outer
bottom surface of the concave-shaped container 101, or extend on
the side surface from an end on the bottom surface side of the
concave-shaped container 101, and get wet on solder to be able to
be soldered to a board.
[0020] A cathode active-material 106, a separator 105, and an anode
active-material 107 are stackingly arranged and inserted on a top
surface of the metallic layer 109, which defines a first collector
on the inner bottom surface of the concave-shaped container 101,
within the concave-shaped container 101, and a bonding material 108
is placed on the metallic layer 110 disposed on an edge of a top
surface of the concave-shaped container 101. A sealing plate 102 of
nickel is placed on the bonding material, and is pressurized and
heated to melt the bonding material 108 for sealing.
[0021] The concave-shaped container 101 is preferably made of a
heat resisting material such as heat resisting resins, glass,
ceramics or ceramic glass or the like. A method of manufacturing
the container can comprise using conductor printing to apply wiring
on glass of low melting point and glass ceramics, and laminating
and baking at low temperatures. Such wiring forms the joining
terminal A103, the joining terminal B104, the metallic layer 109,
which defines a first collector, and the metallic layer 110
disposed on the edge of the top surface of the concave-shaped
container. A method of manufacturing that portion of the metallic
layer 109, which extends through a wall surface of the
concave-shaped container 101, is not limited to the above-mentioned
method, but may comprise, for example, forming a board, which will
make a bottom surface, and a frame-shaped member, which will make
side surfaces of the concave-shaped container 101, forming the
metallic layer 109 on the board, then stacking the board and the
frame-shaped member on one another to bake them for uniting them,
thus forming the concave-shaped container, whereby the portion of
the metallic layer can extend through the container in gas-tight
condition. Also, it is possible to perform wiring, stacking and
baking with the use of conductor printing and a green sheet. In the
case where the container is of a resin, the metallic terminals and
the like can be formed by insert molding.
[0022] Also, that of the metallic layer 109, which makes a first
collector of the wiring, is preferably of tungsten, silver and
gold, which have good corrosion resistance and afford formation in
the thick-film method. It is better to provide a layer of nickel,
gold and solder on the joining terminals A103, B104 for soldering
with the board. It is preferable to provide a layer of nickel, gold
and the like, which are favorably compatible with the bonding
material 108, on the metallic layer 110 on the edge of the
concave-shaped container 101. Methods of forming such layers
include plating, a gas phase method such as vapor deposition and
the like.
[0023] The sealing plate 102 serves as a second collector and can
be formed of a relatively many metals such as nickel, copper,
brass, zinc, tin, gold, stainless steel, tungsten, aluminum and so
on. This is because application of electric potential on a
reduction side makes the metal hard to solve. On the other hand,
since the metal must be made to solve when the sealing plate is
used as a positive electrode, it is necessary that the material for
the sealing plate be selected from a good anti-corrosion metal such
as gold, platinum, stainless steel (SUS444, SUS239J4L, SUS317J4L,
or the like) tungsten, aluminum and so on. In the case where a
sealing plate is used which is formed of an insulating body such as
heat resisting resins, glass, ceramics or ceramic glass or the
like, it is necessary to provide a metallic layer, which will make
a second collector, on an inner surface of the concave-shaped
container 101. The material for the metallic layer can be of the
same as that of the metallic sealing plate. Methods of forming the
metallic layer include plating, a gas phase method such as vapor
deposition, a printing method and the like.
[0024] The sealing plate 102 is connected to the joining terminal
B104 through the bonding material 108, the metallic layer 110 and
the like to serve as a second collector and a part of joining
terminal. In the case of using the sealing plate of an insulating
body, the metallic layer provided on the surface serves as a second
collector and a part of the joining terminal.
[0025] That portion of the sealing plate 102, which contacts with
the bonding material 108, is preferably provided with a layer such
as nickel, gold which is well compatible with the bonding material
108.
[0026] The bonding material 108 includes brazing materials such as
gold solder, silver solder or the like, and a solder material. In
selecting the bonding material 108, it should take account of a
material of the metallic layer 110 on the edge of the
concave-shaped container 101, compatibility of the bonding material
with a material of portions, through which the bonding material is
joined to the sealing plate 102, and the reflow temperature. For
example, in the case where the non-aqueous electrolyte cells and
electric double layer capacitors according to the invention are
mounted to the substrate at 240.degree. C. by means of reflow, it
is preferable to use a solder material, which melts at 300.degree.
C.
[0027] A way to seal the concave-shaped container 101 and the
sealing plate 102 can make use of a technique such as thermo
compression bonding, ultrasonic welding, resistance welding and so
on, and is no particularly limitative. It is sufficient to select
the best technique depending upon the materials of the
concave-shaped container 101 and the sealing plate 102. In the case
where resins are joined to each other or a resin and ceramics or
metal are joined to each other, it is possible to make use of
thermal melting and ultrasonic welding. In the case where ceramics
are joined to each other or ceramics and metal are joined to each
other, it is possible to perform thermal melting and ultrasonic
welding with a resin interposed between the joining members or to
make use of a bonding agent. To dip the joining members in a
thermosetting resin after the sealing is effective in enhancing
reliability.
[0028] In the case where the non-aqueous electrolyte cells and
electric double layer capacitors according to the invention should
be made small-sized, it is effective to form solder bumps on
portions which make collectors serving as joining terminals. That
is, it is effective to form them on the metallic layers on portions
of the joining terminals A, B and the side surfaces of the
container. Methods of forming solder bumps include plating, a gas
phase method such as vapor deposition, a printing method, a
micropressing method a ball bonding method and the like.
[0029] An insulating film having a large ion permeability and a
predetermined mechanical strength is used to form the separator
105. In reflow soldering, it is possible to most stably use glass
fiber and also to use a resin, such as polyphenylene sulfide,
polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyimide and so on, having
the thermal deformation temperature of 230.degree. C. or higher.
Bore diameter and thickness of the separator are not specifically
limitative, but are a matter of design determined on the basis of
current value of a device, in which the non-aqueous electrolyte
cells and electric double layer capacitors according to the
invention are used, and the capacitor internal resistance. Also, it
is possible to use porous ceramic bodies.
[0030] The electrolyte is not specifically limitative, and is a
nonaqueous solvent used for conventional electric double layer
capacitors and non-aqueous secondary batteries. The above-mentioned
nonaqueous solvent includes cyclic ester kinds, linear ester kinds,
cyclic ether kinds, linear ether kinds, and so on.
[0031] In the case where the electric double layer capacitors
according to the invention are used for reflow soldering, a
nonaqueous solvent having a boiling point of 200.degree. C. or
higher under normal pressure is stable as the electrolyte. The
reflow temperature is in some cases as high as around 250.degree.
C., which is believed to be due to an increase in pressure within
the battery at that temperature, and rupture of the battery did not
occur even in the case where .gamma.-butyrolactone (.gamma.BL)
having a boiling point of 204.degree. C. under normal pressure was
used. It was favorable to use propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene
carbonate (EC), .gamma.-butyrolactone (.gamma.BL) separately or in
composite.
[0032] As support salt, it is possible to use one or more of
lithium salts such as (C.sub.2H.sub.5) .sub.4PBF.sub.4,
(C.sub.3H.sub.7) .sub.4PBF.sub.4, (CH.sub.3) (C.sub.2H.sub.5)
.sub.3NBF.sub.4, (C.sub.2H.sub.5 ) .sub.4NBF.sub.4, (C.sub.2H.sub.5
) .sub.4PPF.sub.6, (C.sub.2H.sub.5) .sub.4PCF.sub.3SO.sub.4,
(C.sub.2H.sub.5) .sub.4NPF.sub.4, lithium perchlorate
(LiClO.sub.4), lithium phosphate hexafluoride (LiPF.sub.6), lithium
fluoroborate (LiBF.sub.4), lithium arsenium hexafluoride
(LiAsF.sub.6), trifluoromethane sulfonic acid lithium
(LiCF.sub.3SO.sub.2), bistrifluoromethyl sulphonyl imide lithium
[LiN(CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2], thiocyanic salt, aluminum fluoride
salt and so on.
[0033] In particular, it was effective to use polyethylene oxide
derivatives or polymers containing the polyethylene oxide
derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives or polymers containing
the polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate ester polymers, PVDF
or the like in combination with the above-mentioned nonaqueous
solvent and the support salt in a gel state or solid state. While a
large amount of the above-mentioned generated in some cases to
interfere with sealing in the case where heat was applied in
sealing the concave-shaped container 101 and the sealing plate 102
and in the case where a liquid electrolyte was used, sealing has
been able to be simply carried out by the use of a gel or solid
electrolyte.
[0034] Also, sealing is made further simple when an inorganic solid
electrolyte of Li.sub.2S/SiS.sub.2/Li.sub.4SiO.sub.4 is used.
[0035] Since the use of a gel or solid electrolyte can prevent
inner short-circuiting due to lithium dendrite even when a lithium
metal serves as a negative electrode, a lithium metal having a
large capacity can be used as the anode active-material.
[0036] The non-aqueous electrolyte cells and electric double layer
capacitors according to the invention are fundamentally free in
configuration. A conventional electric double layer capacitor, in
which sealing is achieved by caulking, as shown in FIG. 2 is
limited to a substantially circular configuration. Therefore, when
such conventional electric double layer capacitors are attempted to
be arranged on the same substrate as that where other electronic
parts, most of which are rectangular in configuration, are
arranged, dead spaces are inevitably produced, resulting in spatial
waste. The electric double layer capacitor according to the
invention affords design in rectangular configuration, whereby it
can be efficiently arranged on the substrate because of no lugs
such as terminals and the like.
Embodiment 1
[0037] An electric double layer capacitor was manufactures by the
use of a similar container to that shown in FIG. 1. The
concave-shaped container 101 was made of alumina to have a size of
5.times.5.times.1 mm. A concave-shaped recess was 0.6 mm in depth
and 5.times.5 mm in size. Wiring such as the joining terminal A103,
joining terminal B104, the metallic layer 109, which made first
collector, and the metallic layer 110 on the edge of the top
surface of the concave-shaped container were provided by applying
gold plating on tungsten. The concave-shaped container was prepared
by using a nickel plate of 0.15 mm in thickness.
[0038] The active material was prepared by adding to 45 parts of a
commercially available activated carbon (of 2260 m.sup.2/g of
specific surface area) 65 parts of carbon black as a conductive
material, 40 parts of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a gelling agent,
4 parts of (CH.sub.3) (C.sub.2H.sub.5) .sub.3NBF.sub.4 as an
electrolyte, and further 50 parts of a solution, which was obtained
by dissolving 1 mol/L of (CH.sub.3)(C.sub.2H.sub.5) .sub.3NBF.sub.4
into PC, and kneading them at 100.degree. C. with a kneader
(two-axle kneader). The material thus kneaded was milled with a
rolling press to provide a sheet of 0.22 mm in thickness. Further,
the sheet was dried at 100.degree. C. until it was reduced by 15%
in weight. The resulting sheet was cut into pieces of 3.6.times.3.6
mm to provide the cathode active-material 106 and the anode
active-material 107.
[0039] Subsequently, 30 parts of a solution, which was obtained by
dissolving 1 mol/L of (CH.sub.3)(C.sub.2H.sub.5) .sub.3NBF.sub.4
into PC, was added to 10 parts of PEO to be kneaded at 100.degree.
C. with a kneader (two-axle kneader). The material thus kneaded was
interposed between nonwoven PPS clothes of 30 .mu.m in thickness
and milled with a rolling press to provide a sheet of 0.2 mm in
thickness. The resulting sheet was cut into pieces of 4.times.4
.mu.m to provide the separator 105.
[0040] The cathode active-material 106, the separator 105 and the
anode active-material 107 were inserted in this order into the
concave-shaped container 101, and an Au-based solder sheet of 80
.mu.m in thickness, 5.times.5 mm in size and 0.5 mm in peripheral
width, having the melting point of 320.degree. C. was placed as the
bonding material 108 on the edge of the concave-shaped container
101. Further, the sealing plate 102 of nickel was placed on the
resulting product and pressurized by a flat copper plate having
been heated to 340.degree. C. for sealing.
[0041] Subsequently, a creamed solder was applied to portions on
the substrate where the joining terminals were actually positioned,
and the electric double layer capacitor thus manufactured was
subjected to reflow soldering. The reflow soldering was carried out
under the condition of preheating at 180.degree. C. during 10
minutes and heating at 240.degree. C. during 1 minute, with the
result that there was caused no rupture or the like.
Embodiment 2
[0042] A non-aqueous electrolyte cell was manufactured by using the
same concave-shaped container 101 as that in the embodiment 1.
[0043] A cathode active-material was prepared by adding to 50 parts
of a commercially available MoO.sub.3 35 parts of carbon black as a
conductive material, 40 parts of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a
gelling agent, 4 parts of LiBF.sub.4 as an electrolyte, and further
20 parts of a solution, which was obtained by dissolving 1 mol/L of
LiBF.sub.4 into .gamma.-BL/EC (1:1), and kneading them at normal
temperature with a kneader (two-axle kneader). The material thus
kneaded was milled with a rolling press to provide a sheet of 0.21
mm in thickness. Further, the sheet was dried at 100.degree. C.
until it was reduced by 5% in weight. The resulting sheet was cut
into pieces of 3.6.times.3.6 mm to provide the cathode
active-material 106.
[0044] The anode active-material 107 was prepared by cutting a
lithium sheet of 0.2 mm in thickness into pieces of 3.6.times.3.6
mm.
[0045] Subsequently, 30 parts of a solution, which was obtained by
dissolving 1 mol/L of LiBF.sub.4 into .gamma.-BL/EC (1:1), was
added to 10 parts of PEO to be kneaded at normal temperature with a
kneader (two-axle kneader). The material thus kneaded was
interposed between nonwoven PPS clothes of 30 .mu.m in thickness
and milled with a rolling press to provide a sheet of 0.2 mm in
thickness. The resulting sheet was cut into pieces of 4.times.4 to
provide the separator 105.
[0046] The cathode active-material 106, the separator 105 and the
anode active-material 107 were inserted in this order into the
concave-shaped container 101, and an Au-based solder sheet of 80
.mu.m in thickness, 5.times.5 mm in size and 0.5 mm in peripheral
width, having the melting point of 320.degree. C. was placed as the
bonding material 108 on the edge of the concave-shaped container
101. Further, the sealing plate 102 of nickel was placed on the
resulting product and pressurized by a flat copper plate having
been heated to 340.degree. C. for sealing.
[0047] Subsequently, a creamed solder was applied to portions on
the substrate where the joining terminals were actually positioned,
and the non-aqueous electrolyte cell thus manufactured was
subjected to reflow soldering. The reflow soldering was carried out
under the condition of preheating at 180.degree. C. during 10
minutes and heating at 240.degree. C. during 1 minute, with the
result that there was caused no rupture or the like.
[0048] It has been found that the constitution according to the
invention can be subjected to reflow soldering in either
non-aqueous electrolyte cells or electric double layer capacitors
without any problem.
Embodiment 3
[0049] A non-aqueous electrolyte cell was manufactured by using an
inorganic solid electrolyte for the separator 105 with the same
constitution as that in the embodiment 2.
[0050] As the inorganic solid electrolyte, a lithium-ion
conductive, crystallized glass was used which contained
Li.sub.2S/SiS.sub.2/Li.sub.4S- iO.sub.4 and presented
10.sup.-3Scm.sup.-1 of ion conductivity. The glass was of
4.times.4.times.0.2 mm in size.
[0051] The cathode active-material 106, the solid electrolyte and
the anode active-material 107 were inserted in this order into the
concave-shaped container 101, and an Au-based solder sheet of 80
.mu.m in thickness, 5.times.5 mm in size and 0.5 mm in peripheral
width, having the melting point of 320.degree. C. was placed as the
bonding material 108 on the edge of the concave-shaped container
101. Further, the sealing plate 102 of nickel was placed on the
resulting product and pressurized by a flat copper plate having
been heated to 340.degree. C. for sealing.
[0052] A creamed solder was applied to portions on the substrate
where the joining terminals were actually positioned, and the
non-aqueous electrolyte cell thus manufactured was subjected to
reflow soldering. The reflow soldering was carried out under the
condition of preheating at 180.degree. C. during 10 minutes and
heating at 240.degree. C. during 1 minute, with the result that
there was caused no rupture or the like.
[0053] Since the use of the inorganic solid electrolyte for the
separator 105 eliminates short-circuiting, in which lithium
dendrite generates on the negative electrode side lithium,
reliability in cyclic life is markedly improved.
Embodiment 4
[0054] A non-aqueous electrolyte cell was manufactured by using
Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12 for the cathode active-material with the
same constitution as that in the embodiment 3.
[0055] A cathode active-material was prepared by adding to 50 parts
of a commercially available Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12 35 parts of
carbon black as a conductive material, 40 parts of polyethylene
oxide (PEO) as a gelling agent, 4 parts of LiBF.sub.4 as an
electrolyte, and further 20 parts of a solution, which was obtained
by dissolving 1 mol/L of LiBF4 into .gamma.-BL/EC (1:1), and
kneading them at normal temperature with a kneader (two-axle
kneader). The material thus kneaded was milled with a rolling press
to provide a sheet of 0.21 mm in thickness. Further, the sheet was
dried at 100.degree. C. until it was reduced by 5% in weight. The
resulting sheet was cut into pieces of 3.6.times.3.6 mm to provide
the cathode active-material 106.
[0056] The cathode active-material 106, the solid electrolyte and
the anode active-material 107 were inserted in this order into the
concave-shaped container 101, and an Au-based solder sheet of 80
.mu.m in thickness, 5.times.5 mm in size and 0.5 mm in peripheral
width, having the melting point of 320.degree. C. was placed on the
edge of the concave-shaped container 101. Further, the sealing
plate 102 of nickel was placed on the resulting product and
pressurized by a flat copper plate having been heated to
340.degree. C. for sealing.
[0057] The non-aqueous electrolyte cells thus manufactured involved
no problem in reflow soldering. Since Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12 was
used as the cathode active-material 106, a cell resistant to
overdischarge could be manufactured.
[0058] In the non-aqueous electrolyte cells and electric double
layer capacitors according to the invention, reduction in a
substrate-shaped space can be achieved since the joining terminals
are made integral with the storage container and disposed in the
lower portion of the container. Also, the non-aqueous electrolyte
cells and electric double layer capacitors are made up of
heat-resistant members to thereby afford reflow soldering.
* * * * *