U.S. patent application number 09/757923 was filed with the patent office on 2001-06-07 for use of isoparafin extenders for clear gel cosmetic compositions.
Invention is credited to Kowalik, Ralph M., Kuo, Karen K., Merchant, Philip JR..
Application Number | 20010002997 09/757923 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26797359 |
Filed Date | 2001-06-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010002997 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kowalik, Ralph M. ; et
al. |
June 7, 2001 |
Use of isoparafin extenders for clear gel cosmetic compositions
Abstract
A clear cosmetic gel composition comprising: (a) an aqueous
phase comprising: (i) water, and (ii) at least one cosmetically
active ingredient; (b) a coupling agent; (c) an oil phase
comprising: (i) a silicone-containing solvent, and (ii) an
isoparaffin solvent having a boiling range between about 100 to
340.degree. C., wherein the isoparaffin constitutes between about 1
to 75% by weight, of the total of the oil phase; and (d)
silicone-containing surfactant.
Inventors: |
Kowalik, Ralph M.;
(Kingwood, TX) ; Kuo, Karen K.; (Seabrook, TX)
; Merchant, Philip JR.; (Katy, TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Exxon Chemical Company
P.O. Box 2149
Baytown
TX
77522
US
|
Family ID: |
26797359 |
Appl. No.: |
09/757923 |
Filed: |
January 10, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09757923 |
Jan 10, 2001 |
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09395904 |
Sep 14, 1999 |
|
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60100608 |
Sep 16, 1998 |
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60116705 |
Jan 22, 1999 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/401 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/585 20130101;
A61Q 15/00 20130101; A61K 2800/262 20130101; A61Q 17/02 20130101;
A61K 8/894 20130101; A61Q 17/04 20130101; A61K 8/042 20130101; A61K
8/31 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/401 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A clear cosmetic gel composition comprising: (a) an aqueous
phase comprising: (i) water, and (ii) at least one cosmetically
active ingredient; (b) a coupling agent; (c) an oil phase
comprising: (i) a silicone-containing solvent, and (ii) an
isoparaffin solvent having a boiling range between about 100 to
340.degree. C., wherein said isoparaffin constitutes between about
1 to 75% by weight, of the total of said oil phase; and (d)
silicone-containing surfactant.
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said
silicone-containing surfactant is an alkoxylated, alkyl substituted
siloxane surface active agent.
3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein said
silicone-containing surfactant is dimethicone copolyol or a mixture
of dimethicone copolyol and cyclomethicone.
4. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said
silicone-containing surfactant is present in an amount between
about 0.2 to 2% by weight, of the total weight of said
composition.
5. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said coupling agent
is present in an amount between about 10 to 30% by weight, of the
total weight of said composition.
6. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said water is
present in an amount between about 20 to 70% by weight, of the
total weight of said composition.
7. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said
silicone-containing solvent comprises a volatile silicone fluid and
a non-volatile silicone fluid.
8. The composition according to claim 7 wherein said volatile
silicone fluid is cyclomethicone.
9. The composition according to claim 7 wherein said non-volatile
silicone fluid is dimethicone.
10. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the mixture of
said oil phase and said silicone-containing surfactant comprises
between about 10 to 30% by weight, of the total weight of said
composition, and the mixture of said aqueous phase and said
coupling agent comprises between about 70 to 90% by weight, of the
total weight of said composition.
11. The composition according to claim 9 wherein said isoparaffin
replaces at least a portion of said dimethicone such that said
dimethicone and isoparaffin solvents have a viscosity in the range
between about 10 to 100 cps at a temperature between about 20 to
25.degree. C.
12. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said isoparaffin
solvent is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing at least
one side chain, and wherein the total carbon atoms are in the range
between about 8 to 20.
13. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said isoparaffin
constitutes between about 25 to 50% by weight, of the total of said
oil phase.
14. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the vapor pressure
of said isoparaffin solvent is not greater than 2 mm Hg at
20.degree. C.
15. The composition according to claim 1 further comprising at
least one additional additive selected from the group consisting
of: emollients, humectants, antiseptics, antioxidants, chelating
agents, ultraviolet absorbers, colorants, fragrances and
preservatives.
16. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said isoparaffin
solvent has a flash point between about -10 to 150.degree. C.
17. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said composition
is a deodorant, antiperspirant, sunscreen, insect repellent or
anti-fungal agent.
18. A process for preparing a clear cosmetic gel composition
comprising mixing the following: an aqueous phase comprising: (i)
water, and (ii) at least one cosmetically active ingredient; a
coupling agent; an oil phase comprising: (i) a silicone-containing
solvent, and (ii) an isoparaffin solvent having a boiling range
between about 100 to 340.degree. C., wherein said isoparaffin
constitutes between about 1 to 75% by weight, of the total of said
oil phase; and silicone-containing surfactant.
19. The process according to claim 18 wherein said
silicone-containing solvent comprises a volatile silicone fluid and
a non-volatile silicone fluid.
20. The process according to claim 19 wherein said volatile
silicone fluid is cyclomethicone.
21. The process according to claim 19 wherein said non-volatile
silicone fluid is dimethicone.
22. The process according to claim 18 wherein said isoparaffin
solvent is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing at least
one side chain, and wherein the total carbon atoms are in the range
between about 8 to 20.
23. The process according to claim 18 wherein said isoparaffin
constitutes between about 25 to 50% by weight, of the total of said
oil phase.
24. The process according to claim 18 wherein the vapor pressure of
said isoparaffin solvent is not greater than 2 mm Hg at 20.degree.
C.
25. The process according to claim 18 further comprising mixing at
least one additional additive selected from the group consisting
of: emollients, humectants, antiseptics, antioxidants, chelating
agents, ultraviolet absorbers, colorants, fragrances and
preservatives.
26. The process according to claim 18 wherein said composition is a
deodorant, antiperspirant, sunscreen, insect repellent or
anti-fungal agent.
27. A clear cosmetic gel composition comprising: (a) an aqueous
phase comprising: (i) water, and (ii) at least one cosmetically
active ingredient; (b) a coupling agent; (c) an oil phase
comprising: a silicone-containing solvent comprising a volatile
silicone fluid and a non-volatile silicone fluid, and wherein at
least a portion of said non-volatile silicone fluid is replaced
with an isoparaffin solvent having a boiling range between about
200 to 340.degree. C., wherein the viscosity of said isoparaffin
and non-volatile silicone fluid is in the range between about 10 to
100 cps at a temperature between about 20 to 25.degree. C.; and (d)
silicone-containing surfactant.
28. The composition according to claim 27 wherein said volatile
silicone fluid is cyclomethicone.
29. The composition according to claim 27 wherein said non-volatile
silicone fluid is dimethicone.
30. The composition according to claim 27 wherein said isoparaffin
solvent is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing at least
one side chain, and wherein the total carbon atoms are in the range
between about 8 to 20.
31. The composition according to claim 27 wherein said isoparaffin
constitutes between about 25 to 50% by weight, of the total of said
oil phase.
32. The composition according to claim 27 wherein the vapor
pressure of said isoparaffin solvent is not greater than 2 mm Hg at
20.degree. C.
33. The composition according to claim 27 further comprising mixing
at least one additional additive selected from the group consisting
of: emollients, humectants, antiseptics, antioxidants, chelating
agents, ultraviolet absorbers, colorants, fragrances and
preservatives.
34. The composition according to claim 27 wherein said composition
is a deodorant, antiperspirant, sunscreen, insect repellent or
anti-fungal agent.
35. The composition according to claim 27 wherein said isoparaffin
has a flash point in the range between about 60 to 150.degree. C.
and said non-volatile silicone fluid has a viscosity of no greater
than 10,000 cSt.
Description
[0001] This is a formal U.S. patent application based on U.S.
Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 60/100608, filed Sep. 16,
1998 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 60/116705,
filed Jan. 22, 1999.
[0002] The present invention generally relates to the use of
isoparaffin solvents with silicone surfactants in the preparation
of a clear gel antiperspirant or other cosmetic cream compositions.
In particular, the present invention is directed to the replacement
of 1 to 75%, preferably 25 to 50%, of the silicone solvent used in
water-in-oil emulsion cosmetic compositions with an isoparaffin
solvent. In particular, the present invention is directed to a
liquid or semi-solid (for example, a gel or cream) cosmetic
composition containing at least one active cosmetic material (e.g.,
deodorant active materials, antiperspirant active materials,
sunscreen materials, insect repellents and anti-fungal agents),
which leaves substantially no visible residue on the skin and which
has good cosmetic properties.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Antiperspirant and deodorant products are well-known in the
cosmetic art. They are generally used by rubbing an area of the
body such as the underarm to apply a layer of the composition to
the skin which reduces odor and/or perspiration. It is desirable
that such products have aesthetic characteristics of non-crumbling,
smoothness, non-oiliness and non-tackiness. Clarity of such
products is a long-sought desirable aesthetic characteristic.
Another desirable characteristic is that no readily visible residue
as, e.g., a white layer, be left on the skin after the deodorant or
antiperspirant is applied.
[0004] Antiperspirant and deodorant products have appeared in the
marketplace in various dosage forms, such as sticks, gels,
roll-ons, aerosols and creams. Generally, these dosage forms
include a solution of the active ingredient in a suitable solvent,
a suspension of the active ingredient in a non-solvent, or a
multiphase dispersion or emulsion in which a solution of the active
ingredient is dispersed in some continuous phase or in which the
solubilized active ingredient constitutes the continuous phase.
[0005] The stick form has become the dominant antiperspirant dosage
form in the United States market, constituting more than 50% of
total antiperspirant sales, and is popular to varying degrees
globally. Cosmetically acceptable antiperspirant sticks typically
consist of a suspension of spray-dried active antiperspirant
material in vehicles such as cyclomethicone, with a waxy substance
such as stearyl alcohol, alone or in combination with castor wax,
gelling or thickening the suspension sufficiently to create a
suitable stick.
[0006] The stick form can be distinguished from a gel or a paste in
that in a stick, the formulated product can maintain its shape for
extended time periods outside the package, the product not losing
its shape significantly (allowing for some shrinkage due to solvent
evaporation).
[0007] The hard stick dosage form, although widely accepted by the
consumer, suffers from leaving a white residue on skin after
application, and can cause staining of fabric, which is considered
to be undesirable, particularly by female consumers. The gel dosage
form can be formulated to reduce and/or eliminate the white
residue.
[0008] One such clear gel antiperspirant is set forth in
International Patent Application No. WO 92/05767, published on Apr.
16, 1992 (The Gillette Company), which is incorporated herein by
reference. This patent application pertains generally to a clear
gel-type cosmetic product which includes an emulsion with an oil
phase and a water phase that includes an incorporated active
ingredient. The oil phase preferably makes up about 10 to 25% of
the product and includes an emulsifier which when properly mixed
with the water phase components yields a water-in-oil emulsion. The
oil phase is typically a blend of liquids and includes a
polyorganosiloxane (e.g., dimethicone) and a silicone emulsifying
agent. A particularly suitable emulsifying agent is a polyether
substituted silicone of cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyol.
This emulsifier is useful for preparing stable water-in-oil
silicone emulsions where silicone makes up a large portion of the
oil phase, and is a dispersion of a silicone surfactant (i.e.,
dimethicone copolyol), i.e., 10% silicone surfactant in
cyclomethicone (i.e., a silicone solvent). The water phase includes
one or more polar species such as water, propylene glycol, sorbitol
and ethanol. The water phase includes, in solution, a deodorant
and/or antiperspirant active ingredient such a triclosan,
benzethonium chloride and/or an astringent salt of aluminum or
zirconium, such as aluminum chlorohydrate or aluminum zirconium
tetrachlorohydrex-glycine. The gel can also contain additional
cosmetic ingredients such as emollients, colorants, fragrances, and
preservatives.
[0009] Some examples of conventional gel antiperspirants and
deodorants are set forth below:
1 Antiperspirant Water Phase Water 37.01% Aluminum Chlorohydrate
30.00% Ethanol 10.00% Propylene Glycol 4.99% Oil Phase Dimethicone
9.85% Cyclomethicone & Dimethicone Copolyol 8.00% Fragrance
Fragrance 0.15% Deodorant Water Phase Water 33.25% Sorbitol 14.00%
Ethanol 12.00% Propylene Glycol 22.50% Triclosan 0.25% Sodium
Hydroxide 0.02% Oil Phase Dimethicone 9.70% Cyclomethicone &
Dimethicone Copolyol 8.00% Fragrance Fragrance 0.30%
[0010] International Patent Application No. WO 97/06777, which is
incorporated herein by reference, also discloses a clear cosmetic
gel composition which includes: (1) an aqueous phase containing
water and at least one cosmetically active ingredient, (2) an oil
phase containing a high refractive index material, (3) at least one
coupling agent to bring the aqueous phase and the oil phase into a
homogeneous composition, and (4) an alkoxylated, alkyl substituted
siloxane surface active agent in an amount sufficient to form the
composition into a water-in-oil emulsion. The oil phase includes a
volatile silicone fluid, a non-volatile silicone fluid and an
emollient. The emollient is preferably phenyl trimethicone.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,542 (Parrotta, Jr., et al.), which
issued on Feb. 13, 1990 and which is incorporated herein by
reference, discloses a process for preparing uniform, clear,
microcrystalline emulsion antiperspirant compositions of gel-like
consistency comprising: mixing the antiperspirant active material
with water, charging the aqueous phase into an oil-alcohol phase
containing a volatile silicone, a silicone emulsifier, a
non-volatile emollient and a coupling agent, heating the resultant
mixture with agitation until a uniform mixture is obtained,
homogenizing the mixture and passing the homogenized mixture to a
holding tank or directly to a filter.
[0012] The clear gel antiperspirants and deodorants described above
are based on water-in-oil emulsions which are stabilized with a
silicone surfactant. The silicone surfactant is commercially
available as a 10 wt. % solution in a volatile silicone solvent,
such as cyclomethicone (also known as decamethycyclopentasiloxane
and/or octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane)- . The present inventors have
unexpectedly discovered that by diluting a concentrated version of
the silicone surfactant with an isoparaffin solvent, clear gel
antiperspirants or deodorants can be formed having the same
appearance (i.e., clarity and viscosity) at substantially lower
cost and at higher indices or refraction.
[0013] Furthermore, the present inventors have discovered that
viscous, non-volatile silicone fluids, e.g., dimethicone, can be
partially replaced with isoparaffins and maintain the viscosity of
the gel's oil phase, while also reducing the cost of the overall
composition.
[0014] The present invention also provides many additional
advantages which shall become apparent as described below.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] A clear cosmetic gel composition comprising: (a) an aqueous
phase comprising: (i) water, and (ii) at least one cosmetically
active ingredient; (b) a coupling agent; (c) an oil phase
comprising: (i) a silicone-containing solvent, and (ii) an
isoparaffin solvent having a boiling range between about 100 to
340.degree. C., wherein the isoparaffin constitutes between about 1
to 75 % by weight, of the total of the oil phase; and (d)
silicone-containing surfactant.
[0016] The silicone-containing surfactant is preferably an
alkoxylated, alkyl substituted siloxane surface active agent, e.g.,
dimethicone copolyol or a mixture of dimethicone copolyol and
cyclomethicone. This silicone-containing surfactant is present in
an amount between about 0.2 to 2% by weight, of the total weight of
the composition. The coupling agent is present in an amount between
about 10 to 30% by weight, of the total weight of the
composition.
[0017] The aqueous phase comprises water in an amount between about
20 to 70% by weight, of the total weight of the composition. The
oil phase comprises a silicone-containing solvent which includes a
volatile silicone fluid and a non-volatile silicone fluid. The
volatile silicone fluid is preferably a cyclomethicone and the
non-volatile silicone fluid is preferably dimethicone. The
preferred mixture of the oil phase and the silicone-containing
surfactant comprises between about 10 to 30% by weight, of the
total weight of the composition, and the mixture of the aqueous
phase and the coupling agent comprises between about 70 to 90% by
weight, of the total weight of the composition.
[0018] Optionally, the isoparaffin can replace at least a portion
of the dimethicone such that the oil phase has essentially the same
viscosity as the original oil phase. The molecular weight of the
dimethicone may need to be simultaneously increased to achieve this
viscosity.
[0019] By isoparaffin is meant a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
whose molecules have at least one carbon atom bonded to at least
three other carbon atoms or at least one side chain (i.e., a
molecule having one or more tertiary or quaternary carbon atoms),
and preferably wherein the total number of carbon atoms per
molecule is in the range between about 8 to 20, more preferably 10
to 20. Various isomers of each carbon number will typically be
present in the solvent. The isoparaffins may also include
cycloparaffins with branched side chains, generally as a minor
component of the isoparaffin solvent. The isoparaffin solvent may
contain molecules have a carbon number (e.g., a narrow cut such as
isomers having a range between about C.sub.10 to C.sub.12, or a
wide cut such as isomers having between about C.sub.11 to
C.sub.18). The vapor pressure of the isoparaffin is also preferably
not greater than 2 mm Hg at 20.degree. C. for antiperspirant and
deodorant products. Preferably, the isoparaffin constitutes between
about 25 to 50% by weight, of the total of the oil phase.
[0020] The clear cosmetic gel composition of the present invention
may further comprise at least one additional additive selected from
the group consisting of: emollients, humectants, antiseptics,
antioxidants, chelating agents, ultraviolet absorbers, colorants,
fragrances and preservatives. This composition is preferably either
a deodorant, antiperspirant, sunscreen, insect repellent or
anti-fungal agent.
[0021] The present invention also pertains to a process for
preparing a clear cosmetic gel composition comprising mixing the
following: an aqueous phase comprising: (i) water, and (ii) at
least one cosmetically active ingredient; a coupling agent; an oil
phase comprising: (i) a silicone-containing solvent, and (ii) an
isoparaffin solvent having a boiling range between about 100 to
340.degree. C., wherein the isoparaffin constitutes between about 1
to 75% by weight, of the total of the oil phase; and
silicone-containing surfactant.
[0022] Another embodiment of the present invention includes a clear
cosmetic gel composition comprising: (a) an aqueous phase
comprising: (i) water, and (ii) at least one cosmetically active
ingredient; (b) a coupling agent; (c) an oil phase comprising: a
silicone-containing solvent comprising a volatile silicone fluid
and a non-volatile silicone fluid, and wherein at least a portion
of the non-volatile silicone fluid is replaced with an isoparaffin
solvent having a boiling range between about 200 to 340.degree. C.,
wherein the viscosity of the non-volatile silicone-isoparaffin
solution is in the range between about 10 to 100 cps at a
temperature between about 20 to 25.degree. C.; and (d)
silicone-containing surfactant. Preferably, the volatile silicone
fluid is cyclomethicone and the non-volatile silicone fluid is
dimethicone. Optionally, the isoparaffin has a flash point in the
range between about 60 to 150.degree. C. and the non-volatile
silicone fluid has a viscosity of no greater than 10,000 cSt.
[0023] Other and further objects, advantages and features of the
present invention will be understood by reference to the following
specification in conjunction with the annexed drawings, wherein
like parts have been given like numbers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0024] The following C.sub.8 to C.sub.20 isoparaffins are useful as
solvent extenders in the present application. Table I below sets
forth a series of commercially available isoparaffin solvents and
their associated physical properties which can be used in this
case.
2 TABLE 1 Flash Point Distillation TCC Specific Composition, Wt. %
Isoparaffin Range (.degree. C.) (.degree. C.) Gravity* Saturates
Aromatic Isopar .RTM. E 117-136 7 0.72 100 <0.01 Isopar .RTM. G
161-176 41 0.75 100 <0.01 Isopar .RTM. H 178-188 54 0.76 100
<0.01 Isopar .RTM. K 179-196 55 0.76 100 <0.01 Isopar .RTM. L
188-207 62 0.77 100 <0.01 Isopar .RTM. M 223-254 92 0.79 99.9
0.01 Isopar .RTM. V 272-311 130 0.82 99.9 <0.1 *Specific gravity
as measured @ 15.6/15.6.degree. C.
[0025] Throughout the present disclosure, the present invention is
described primarily in connection with a clear soft gel
antiperspirant composition. However, the present invention is not
limited to soft gel compositions or to antiperspirant compositions.
For example, compositions according to the present invention can be
clear deodorant compositions. Moreover, depending on additional or
other active ingredients included in the composition, the
composition can also be an emollient composition, an analgesic
(methyl salicylate) composition, a sunscreen composition, etc.
Various active materials incorporated in cosmetic compositions are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,400 to Yuhas, the contents of
which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0026] Throughout the present specification, "active
antiperspirant" and "active deodorant" materials are discussed.
Both types of materials contribute to reduction of body malodor. By
reduction of body malodor, we mean that, generally, there is less
body malodor after application of a composition to the person's
skin as compared to the person's body malodor without application
of the composition. Such reduction can be due to a masking of the
malodor, absorption and/or chemical reaction of the malodorous
material, reduction of levels of the bacteria producing the
malodorous material, e.g., from perspiration, reduction of
perspiration, etc. The antiperspirant active materials, when
utilized in an antiperspirant effective amount in the composition,
act to reduce body malodor by reducing production of perspiration;
however, these antiperspirant active materials can also have a
deodorant function, e.g., as an antimicrobial agent. The deodorant
active materials do not substantially reduce the production of
perspiration, but reduce malodor in other ways, e.g., as fragrances
masking the malodor or reducing the malodor intensity, as odor
absorbents, as antimicrobial agents, as agents chemically reacted
with malodorous materials, etc.
[0027] A desired feature of the present invention is that a clear,
or transparent, cosmetic gel composition (e.g., clear or
transparent deodorant or antiperspirant gel composition) can be
provided. The term clear or transparent (that is clarity),
according to the present invention, is intended to connote its
usual dictionary definition; thus, a clear, e.g., cosmetic gel
composition at the present invention allows ready viewing of
objects behind it. By contrast, a translucent composition allows
light to pass through, but causes the light to be so scattered that
it will be impossible to see clearly objects behind the translucent
composition.
[0028] The present invention contemplates a clear cosmetic gel
composition which is a water-in-oil emulsion. The aqueous phase of
this emulsion contains water and at least one cosmetically active
ingredient, with the cosmetically active ingredient being in the
composition in an amount so as to have a cosmetic effect. The oil
phase of the emulsion includes a high refractive index material (a
material having a refractive index in the range of 1.40-1.50) and
desirably also includes silicone surfactants, and preferably
contains both volatile and non-volatile silicone solvents.
Optionally, the compositions according to the present invention
also include at least one coupling agent to bring the aqueous phase
and the oil phase into a homogeneous composition. Moreover, the
clear cosmetic gel composition of the present invention, which is
in the form of a macro-emulsion as contrasted to a micro-emulsion,
does not need to contain wax or gelling agents such as soaps,
cellulosic materials or algenites.
[0029] The gel emulsions according to the present invention are
stable and optically clear, are cosmetically elegant, and are
capable of being delivered from a suitable applicator package. They
are easily applied to the skin and have a smooth, silky feel and a
cool sensation, yet are fast-drying and non-tacky. These
compositions of the present invention may be prepared by a batch
process, or a continuous or semi-continuous process, and the
processes yield compositions which are stable, highly efficacious
and possess excellent aesthetic qualities.
[0030] Where the composition is an antiperspirant gel composition,
any of the known antiperspirant active materials can be utilized in
the composition at the present invention. Suitable materials which
may be mentioned by way of example include aluminum chlorohydrate,
aluminum chloride, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium
hydroxychlorides, complexes or adducts of the above-mentioned
active ingredients with glycol, such as propylene glycol, and
combinations thereof. Known aluminum-zirconium salts in combination
with neutral amino acids, such as glycine (e.g., aluminum-zirconium
tetrachlorohydroxy) can also be used. Generally, any of the
Category I active antiperspirant ingredients, listed in the Food
and Drug Administration's Monograph on Antiperspirant Drug Products
for overall-the-counter human use (Oct. 10, 1973) can be used. In
addition, any new ingredient, not listed in the Monograph, such as
aluminum nitrohydrate and its combination with zirconyl
hydroxychlorides and nitrates, or aluminum-stannous chlorohydrates,
can be incorporated as an antiperspirant active ingredient in
antiperspirant compositions according to the present invention.
[0031] The preferred antiperspirant materials include aluminum
zirconium tetrachlorohydrate and aluminum chlorohydrate.
[0032] The amount of active component that can be used will vary
with the particular active ingredient incorporated. As a general
rule, an antiperspirant product should contain an active
antiperspirant material in an amount anywhere from about 10% to
about 35% by weight, of the total weight of the composition, more
preferably from about 20% to about 30% by weight, of the total
weight of the composition. The active antiperspirant material
utilized in the compositions of the present invention can be
pre-dissolved in water or in another solvent (for example, in
propylene glycol) or can be in powdered form, and may be buffered
or unbuffered. Preferably, the antiperspirant materials are present
in solution in a solvent therefor.
[0033] Where a deodorant active material is utilized, any deodorant
active material which can be dissolved in the aqueous phase can be
utilized. Illustratively, the deodorant active material can be
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (triclosan), and/or
benzethonium chloride. Where the deodorant ingredient is used in
place of the antiperspirant active ingredient, a deodorant gel
composition (rather than an antiperspirant gel composition) would
be provided.
[0034] Amounts of cosmetically active ingredients incorporated are
those sufficient to have a cosmetic effect. For example, where a
deodorant active ingredient such as triclosan is incorporated,
amounts thereof as conventionally used in the art can be
incorporated in the composition according to the present
invention.
[0035] The aqueous phase includes one or a combination of various
polar species, and includes at least water (refractive index of
1.3333). Other polar species include polyhydric alcohols and
derivatives thereof (e.g., esters and ethers thereof).
Illustratively, water can be included in the composition in an
amount in the range of 20% to 70% by weight, of the total weight of
the composition.
[0036] At least one coupling agent is included in the composition
of the present invention. Such coupling agent is illustratively
(but not limited to) the following:
3 Coupling Agents Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
2-ethylhexanol Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ethylene carbonate
Propoxylated oleyl alcohol N-methylglucamine Butyl stearate Linear
ethoxylated polymer of Butyl myristate methanol Isopropyl alcohol
SD-40 alcohol PPG-(2-5) lanolate PPG (2-8) myristyl ether PPG-(2-8)
isostearate PPG (2-8) lauryl ether Propylene glycol (2) methyl
ether Dipropylene glycol PPG-(2-3) methyl ether PPG (2-10) cetyl
ether PPG-14 butyl ether PEG-6 diisopropyl adipate Ethoxylated
(2-20 moles) glucose Methoxy PEG-22 dodecyl-glycol Propoxylated
(2-20 moles) glucose copolymer PPG-15 Stearyl ether PEG-30 Glyceryl
monoacetate PPG-(5-20) methyl glucose ether Sorbitol Isoprene
glycol PEG-3 oleyl ether phosphate Propylene carbonate PEG-(2-5)
oleyl ether Glycerine
[0037] This coupling agent acts to stabilize the emulsion and also
acts as a clarifying agent. Moreover, various of these coupling
agents, such as SD-40 alcohol, aid in drying and has a cooling
effect, providing advantageous aesthetic properties for the
composition.
[0038] The coupling agent is preferably a low molecular weight
alcohol such as, but not limited to, an alcohol having from about 2
to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 4 carbon
atoms; or a glycol such as, but not limited to, propylene glycol,
ethylene glycol, isoprene glycol and dipropylene glycol; glycerine,
sorbitol and/or propylene carbonate. The coupling agent can be one
compound or a mixture of compounds.
[0039] Illustratively, the coupling agent is present in an amount
of from about 10% to about 30% by weight, preferably from about 14%
to about 25% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.
[0040] The oil phase according to the present invention is
desirably, a silicone oil/isoparaffin solution, so as to provide a
water-in-oil emulsion. The total of oil phase and siloxane surface
active agent preferably makes up from about 8% to about 30% by
weight, of the total weight of the composition. This surface active
agent is an emulsifier which, when properly mixed with the aqueous
phase components, oil phase components and coupling agents, yields
a water-in-oil emulsion. The oil phase is desirably a blend of
liquids.
[0041] The oil phase can include, illustratively, a volatile
silicone solvent such as cyclomethicone and a non-volatile silicone
fluid such as dimethicone; however, the composition of the present
invention need not include both the volatile and non-volatile
silicone fluids. Where the composition includes the volatile
silicone it is preferred that such volatile silicone be a
polydimethylcyclosiloxane, present in an amount up to about 18% by
weight, of the total weight of the composition, preferably from
about 4% to about 12% by weight, of the total weight of the
composition. Preferred polydimethylcyclosiloxanes are those named
cyclomethicones. Preferred cyclosiloxanes are
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxan- e, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and
blends of tetramer and pentamer cyclomethicones. Commercial
cyclosiloxanes which can be utilized as part of the composition of
the present invention include, illustratively Dow Corning 244
Fluid, Dow Corning 245 Fluid, Dow Corning 344 Fluid and Dow Corning
345 Fluid (from Dow Corning Corp.), and SF1202, SF1204 and SF1173
(from General Electric Company).
[0042] The oil phase preferably is a mixture of a volatile silicone
fluid (such as cyclomethicone), a non-volatile silicone fluid (such
as dimethicone), and an isoparaffin. The relatively higher indices
of refraction (i.e., 1.402-1.450) of the isoparaffin of the present
invention relative to cyclomethicone and dimethicone may permit a
reduction or elimination of very expensive high index of refraction
silicone oils such as phenyl trimethicone.
[0043] The alkoxylated, alkyl substituted siloxane surface active
agent is preferably, but not limited to, a dimethicone copolyol. An
illustrative alkoxylated silicone-containing surfactant utilizable
according to the present invention is cetyl dimethicone copolyol,
referred to in U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,378 to Guthauser.
Illustratively, the alkoxylated, alkyl substituted siloxane surface
active agent is included in the composition in an amount of 0.2% to
2% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.
[0044] A specific cyclomethicone-dimethicone copolyol fluid which
can be utilized to provide the alkoxylated silicone containing
surface active agent is a mixture of cyclomethicone and dimethicone
copolyol designated as DC3225C from Dow Corning Corp or SF1328 from
General Electric Company. This is a polyether substituted silicone
of cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyol (refractive index
(RI)=1.3994). This DC3225C, which is an emulsifying agent, is
useful for preparing stable water-in-oil emulsions where a silicone
makes up a large portion of the oil phase, and is a dispersion of a
silicone surfactant (dimethicone copolyol) (10% by wt.) in
cyclomethicone (Dow Corning 344 Fluid) (90% by wt.).
[0045] The mixture of cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyol fluid
is present in the composition, illustratively, in an amount of from
about 4% to about 20% by weight, of the total weight of the
composition. The unique aspect according to the present invention
is that between 25-50% of the cyclomethicone in the dimethicone
copolyol dispersion is replaced with at least one isoparaffin
without any concomitant loss of properties, but with the added cost
benefits associated with the use of much cheaper isoparaffins.
[0046] Various materials which can be incorporated in the
water-based phase and in the oil-based phase are listed in
International Patent Application Publication No. WO 97/06777, which
is incorporated herein by reference, for example, emollients,
humectants, antiseptics, preservatives, antioxidants, chelating
agents, and U.V. absorbers.
[0047] While not limiting, in preferred embodiments the mixture of
oil phase and alkoxylated, alkyl substituted siloxane surface
active agent comprises from about 10% to about 30% by weight, of
the total weight of the composition, and the combination of aqueous
phase and coupling agents make up from about 70% to about 90% by
weight, of the total weight of the composition.
EXAMPLE 1
[0048] Samples 1 and 2 are comparative samples of the prior art and
Samples 3-6 are samples according to the present invention.
4 Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water Phase (wt. %) Rezal 36 48.22 45.07 42.86
48.18 43.17 (45% solids) Renzal 36GP 21.48 (100% Solids) DI Water
12.10 11.17 10.63 11.94 10.84 35.46 Propylene 6.03 7.89 5.36 8.03
15.18 15.49 Glycol Tripropylene 7.53 11.46 17.95 7.53 6.82 7.10
Glycol SD Alcohol 8.04 7.51 7.14 6.02 5.47 2.46 Oil Phase (wt. %)
Dimethicone 9.04 -- -- -- -- 9.00 Copolyol* Dimethicone -- 8.45 --
-- -- -- Copolyol** Dimethicone -- -- 2.01 2.26 2.25 -- Copolyol***
Cyclo- -- -- 2.441 4.75 2.7 -- methicone Isopar .RTM. L -- -- 3.62
2.26 4.05 -- Isopar .RTM. M -- -- -- -- -- 2.90 Dimethicone 7.28
6.81 6.47 7.28 7.24 -- (DC 200:50 cSt) Dimethicone 4.35 (GE 96-200)
Phenyl 1.76 1.64 1.56 1.76 1.75 1.75 trimethicone Total (wt. %) 100
100 100 100 100 100 % of Silicone 0 0 50 25 50 40 Fluid Replaced by
Isoparaffin n (oil phase) 1.4055 1.4049 1.4138 1.4103 1.4135 1.4106
n (water phase) 1.4061 1.4048 1.4143 1.4103 1.4133 1.4107 .DELTA. n
(oil-H.sub.2O) -0.0005 0.0001 -0.0005 0 0.0002 -0.0001 Relative
clarity 2 1 3 0 1 1 (0 best) Relative Med. Med. High Low High High
viscosity Oil/Water by 0.221 0.203 0.191 0.224 0.219 0.220 wt.
*Dimethicone Copolyol (DC 3225C) **Dimethicone Copolyol (GE SF
1328) ***Dimethicone Copolyol (GE 407-2517)
[0049] Table 1 above includes example 6 with Isopar.RTM. M plus a
higher molecular weight/viscosity dimethicone (GE 96-200, 200 cSt)
substituted for a lower molecular weight/viscosity dimethicone (DC
200: 50 cSt) such as that used in control sample 1. In all examples
1 through 6, the ingredients of the oil and water phases are first
mixed separately, and then emulsified using a high-speed paint
mixer. Indices of refraction of the oil and water phases have been
matched to form relatively clear gels. The results show improved
visual clarity as the difference between oil and water phase
indices of refraction (.DELTA.n) becomes smaller.
[0050] The first embodiment according to the present invention set
forth above is directed to the economic advantages associated with
partially replacing or extending volatile silicone fluids such as
cyclomethicone with isoparaffin solvents in clear gel
antiperspirants. The second embodiment more clearly set forth below
relates to the use of isoparaffins as lower cost extenders for less
volatile silicone fluids that are used in personal care products
generally. These silicone fluids are typically
polydimethylsiloxanes (i.e., dimethicones) of various molecular
weights and viscosities. The present inventors have discovered that
by replacing part of the dimethicone with an isoparaffin solvent
and, if necessary, by increasing the molecular weight of the
dimethicone, the extended dimethicone solution can have properties
similar to the original dimethicone fluid by itself.
[0051] The present invention pertains to a multitude of other
combinations of isoparaffins and dimethicones in which the choice
of component concentrations and viscosities provide properties that
match specific application needs. One important consideration of
the present invention is to minimize the skin irritation potential
of the isoparaffins. In this regard, higher boiling isoparaffin
materials such as Isopar.RTM. V (sold by Exxon Chemical Company)
are preferred based on their extremely low skin irritation
potential. When less volatile isoparaffins are used, their
concentrations should be appropriately limited to avoid potential
skin irritation.
[0052] Another important aspect in the selection of
isoparaffin/dimethicone blends is the miscibility of the two
fluids. Isoparaffins having boiling ranges between about 115 and
310.degree. C. (i.e., Isopar.RTM. E to Isopar.RTM. V, both sold by
Exxon Chemical Company) have been found to be fully miscible with
dimethicones having viscosities up to 10,000 cSt. Combinations of
higher molecular weight dimethicones and/or higher boiling
isoparaffins may not be miscible.
EXAMPLE 2
[0053] Replacing volatile silicone fluids with isoparaffins is
shown herebelow, wherein a portion of a low viscosity (10 cSt)
dimethicone (e.g., Dow Corning's DC-225 Fluid) with Isopar.RTM. V
(14.8 cSt). This would be a direct substitution of an isoparaffin
for part of a dimethicone.
EXAMPLE 3
[0054] Another example of the present invention would be to replace
a 350 cSt viscosity dimethicone (e.g., SF96-350, sold by General
Electric) with a solution containing 55 wt. % Isopar.RTM. M (sold
by the Exxon Chemical Company) and 45 wt. % Viscasil.RTM. 10,000
having a viscosity of 10,000 cSt (sold by General Electric
Company). This solution has about the same viscosity as the
original SF96-350 fluid as measured with a bubble tube
viscometer.
[0055] While we have shown and described several embodiments in
accordance with our invention, it is to be clearly understood that
the same are susceptible to numerous changes apparent to one
skilled in the art. Therefore, we do not wish to be limited to the
details shown and described but intend to show all changes and
modifications which come within the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *