| Patent | Date |
|---|
Table-top Utra Supercontinuum And Higher Harmonic Generation Source For Microscopy
App 20220166177 - ALFANO; ROBERT R. ; et al. | 2022-05-26 |
Compact Optical Virus Detection Analyzer Of Nano- And Micro- Size Bio Particles Using Light Scattering And Fluorescence
App 20220120656 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2022-04-21 |
Method for imaging biological tissue using polarized Majorana photons
Grant 10,733,729 - Alfano , et al. | 2020-08-04 |
Method For Imaging Biological Tissue Using Polarized Majorana Photons
App 20200090329 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2020-03-19 |
Method For Altering Light Interactions With Complex Structured Light
App 20190324171 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2019-10-24 |
Continuous diode laser stimulated Raman gain/loss vibrational microscope
Grant 10,433,731 - Alfano , et al. O | 2019-10-08 |
Resonance Raman spectroscopy analyzer instrument for biomolecules in tissues and cells
Grant 10,426,349 - Alfano , et al. October 1, 2 | 2019-10-01 |
Method of deep tissue imaging using multi-photon excitation of a fluorophore
Grant 10,420,471 - Alfano , et al. Sept | 2019-09-24 |
Near infrared photonic prostatoscopy analyzer
Grant 10,362,983 - Alfano , et al. | 2019-07-30 |
Deep optical imaging of tissue with less scattering in the second, third and fourth NIR spectral windows using supercontinuum and other laser coherent light sources
Grant 10,123,705 - Alfano , et al. November 13, 2 | 2018-11-13 |
All-optical mode division demultiplexing
Grant 10,027,416 - Alfano , et al. July 17, 2 | 2018-07-17 |
Spatial frequency spectrometer for and method of detection of spatial structures in materials
Grant 9,804,088 - Alfano , et al. October 31, 2 | 2017-10-31 |
All-optical Mode Division Demultiplexing
App 20170214466 - Alfano; Robert R ; et al. | 2017-07-27 |
Method For Altering Light Interactions With Complex Structured Light
App 20170139079 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2017-05-18 |
Continuous Diode Laser Stimulated Raman Gain/loss Vibrational Microscope
App 20170127947 - ALFANO; ROBERT ; et al. | 2017-05-11 |
Compact electromagnetic-radiation antenna
Grant 9,620,858 - Alfano , et al. April 11, 2 | 2017-04-11 |
Label-Free Single and Multi-Photon Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Detect Brain Disorders and Diseases: Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Autism From Brain Tissue, Cells, Spinal Fluid, and Body Fluids
App 20170082640 - ALFANO; ROBERT R. ; et al. | 2017-03-23 |
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Analyzer Instrument For Biomolecules In Tissues And Cells
App 20170049327 - ALFANO; ROBERT ; et al. | 2017-02-23 |
Raman And Resonant Raman Detection Of Vulnerable Plaque Optical Analyzer And Imager
App 20170049328 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2017-02-23 |
Second, Third And Fourth Near-infrared Spectral Windows For Deep Optical Imaging Of Tissue With Less Scattering
App 20170049326 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2017-02-23 |
Method of using supercontinuum light for medical and biological applications
Grant 9,561,077 - Alfano February 7, 2 | 2017-02-07 |
Method and apparatus for producing supercontinuum light for medical and biological applications
Grant 9,414,887 - Alfano August 16, 2 | 2016-08-16 |
Method Of Using Supercontinuum Light For Medical And Biological Applications
App 20160128775 - Alfano; Robert R. | 2016-05-12 |
Method and apparatus for detecting degree of spoilage of food
Grant 9,322,769 - Alfano , et al. April 26, 2 | 2016-04-26 |
Near Infrared Photonic Prostatoscopy Analyzer
App 20150320319 - ALFANO; ROBERT R. ; et al. | 2015-11-12 |
Compact Electromagnetic-radiation Antenna
App 20150077302 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2015-03-19 |
Tryptophan As The Fingerprint For Distinguishing Agressiveness Among Cancer Cell Lines Using Native Fluorescence Spectroscopy
App 20150072376 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2015-03-12 |
Method for picosecond and femtosecond laser tissue welding
Grant 8,974,444 - Alfano , et al. March 10, 2 | 2015-03-10 |
Superimposing optical transmission modes
Grant 8,965,217 - Nolan , et al. February 24, 2 | 2015-02-24 |
Method Of Deep Tissue Imaging Using Multi-photon Excitation Of A Fluorophore
App 20140371582 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2014-12-18 |
Method And Apparatus For Detecting Degree Of Spoilage Of Food
App 20140300891 - ALFANO; ROBERT R. ; et al. | 2014-10-09 |
Superimposing Optical Transmission Modes
App 20140161439 - Nolan; Daniel A. ; et al. | 2014-06-12 |
Method For Picosecond And Femtosecond Laser Tissue Welding
App 20130245616 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2013-09-19 |
Changing skin-color perception using quantum and optical principles in cosmetic preparations
Grant 8,518,445 - Alfano , et al. August 27, 2 | 2013-08-27 |
Cylindrical Vector Beam Generation From A Multicore Optical Fiber
App 20130177273 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2013-07-11 |
P-element Doped Laser Medium Apparatus And Method
App 20130167595 - ALFANO; Robert R. ; et al. | 2013-07-04 |
P-element doped laser medium apparatus and method
Grant 8,385,375 - Alfano , et al. February 26, 2 | 2013-02-26 |
+cylindrical polarization beams
Grant 8,111,957 - Alfano , et al. February 7, 2 | 2012-02-07 |
Micro-scale compact device for in vivo medical diagnosis combining optical imaging and point fluorescence spectroscopy
Grant 8,082,024 - Alfano , et al. December 20, 2 | 2011-12-20 |
P-element Doped Laser Medium Apparatus And Method
App 20110206078 - ALFANO; Robert R. ; et al. | 2011-08-25 |
Phosphorescence and fluorescence spectroscopy for detection of cancer and pre-cancer from normal/benign regions
Grant 7,986,989 - Alfano , et al. July 26, 2 | 2011-07-26 |
Detection Of Vulnerable Plaques By Raman Spectroscopy
App 20100317974 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2010-12-16 |
Optical tomography using independent component analysis for detection and localization of targets in turbid media
Grant 7,826,878 - Alfano , et al. November 2, 2 | 2010-11-02 |
Method And Apparatus For Producing Supercontinuum Light For Medical And Biological Applications
App 20100234837 - ALFANO; Robert R. | 2010-09-16 |
+Cylindrical Polarization Beams
App 20100142890 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2010-06-10 |
Detecting human cancer through spectral optical imaging using key water absorption wavelengths
Grant 7,706,862 - Alfano , et al. April 27, 2 | 2010-04-27 |
Imaging systems and methods to improve backscattering imaging using circular polarization memory
Grant 7,515,265 - Alfano , et al. April 7, 2 | 2009-04-07 |
Cr.sup.3+-doped laser materials and lasers and methods of making and using
Grant 7,460,574 - Alfano , et al. December 2, 2 | 2008-12-02 |
Tetravalent chromium doped laser materials and NIR tunable lasers
Grant 7,440,480 - Alfano , et al. October 21, 2 | 2008-10-21 |
Optical tomography using independent component analysis for detection and localization of targets in turbid media
App 20080146897 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2008-06-19 |
Spectral polarizing tomographic dermatoscope
App 20080132794 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2008-06-05 |
Cr.sup.4+-doped mixed alloy laser materials and lasers and methods using the materials
Grant 7,359,415 - Alfano , et al. April 15, 2 | 2008-04-15 |
Cr4+doped Mixed Alloy Laser Materials And Lasers And Methods Using The Materials
App 20080083905 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2008-04-10 |
Detection of biological molecules using THz absorption spectroscopy
App 20080014580 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2008-01-17 |
Methods and systems for detection of ice formation on surfaces
Grant 7,312,713 - Alfano , et al. December 25, 2 | 2007-12-25 |
Changing skin-color perception using quantum and optical principles in cosmetic preparations
App 20070274938 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2007-11-29 |
Methods And Systems For Detection Of Ice Formation On Surfaces
App 20070216536 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2007-09-20 |
Method and apparatus for producing a multiple optical channel source from a supercontinuum generator for WDM communication
Grant 7,245,805 - Alfano , et al. July 17, 2 | 2007-07-17 |
Hybrid-dual-fourier tomographic algorithm for a fast three-dimensionial optical image reconstruction in turbid media
Grant 7,218,959 - Alfano , et al. May 15, 2 | 2007-05-15 |
Phosphorescence and fluorescence spectroscopy for detection of cancer and pre-cancer from normal/benign regions
App 20070083122 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2007-04-12 |
Stokes shift emission spectroscopy for detection of disease and physiological state of specimen
Grant 7,192,783 - Alfano , et al. March 20, 2 | 2007-03-20 |
Cr3+-doped laser materials and lasers and methods of making and using
App 20070045597 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2007-03-01 |
Imaging systems and methods to improve backscattering imaging using circular polarization memory
App 20070016080 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2007-01-18 |
Optical scanning zoom microscope with high magnification and a large field of view
App 20060291042 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2006-12-28 |
Systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface
Grant 7,145,148 - Alfano , et al. December 5, 2 | 2006-12-05 |
Photodetectors and optically pumped emitters based on III-nitride multiple-quantum-well structures
App 20060263923 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2006-11-23 |
Photodetectors and optically pumped emitters based on III-nitride multiple-quantum-well structures
Grant 7,119,359 - Alfano , et al. October 10, 2 | 2006-10-10 |
Methods of improving line of sight wireless optical communication through adverse environmental conditions
Grant 7,106,972 - Alfano , et al. September 12, 2 | 2006-09-12 |
Tetravalent chromium doped laser materials and NIR tunable lasers
App 20060193358 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2006-08-31 |
Detecting human cancer through spectral optical imaging using key water absorption wavelengths
App 20060173355 - Alfano; Robert R. ; et al. | 2006-08-03 |
Systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface
Grant 7,038,208 - Alfano , et al. May 2, 2 | 2006-05-02 |
Gelatin based on Power-gel.TM. as solders for Cr.sup.4+laser tissue welding and sealing of lung air leak and fistulas in organs
Grant 7,033,348 - Alfano , et al. April 25, 2 | 2006-04-25 |
Detecting human cancer through spectral optical imaging using key water absorption wavelengths
App 20050240107 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2005-10-27 |
Method and apparatus for producing a multiple optical channel source from a supercontinuum generator for WDM communication
App 20050226577 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2005-10-13 |
Systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface
App 20050098728 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2005-05-12 |
Systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface
Grant 6,853,926 - Alfano , et al. February 8, 2 | 2005-02-08 |
System and methods for laser treatment of ocular tissue
App 20040176752 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2004-09-09 |
Stokes shift emission spectroscopy for detection of disease and physiological state of specimen
App 20040152203 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2004-08-05 |
Photodetectors and optically pumped emitters based on III-nitride multiple-quantum-well structures
App 20040135222 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2004-07-15 |
System and method for performing selected optical measurements utilizing a position changeable aperture
Grant 6,762,839 - Zeylikovich , et al. July 13, 2 | 2004-07-13 |
Systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface
App 20040119018 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2004-06-24 |
Spectral polarizing tomographic dermatoscope
App 20040111031 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2004-06-10 |
Hybrid-dual-Fourier tomographic algorithm for a fast three-dimensional optical image reconstruction in turbid media
App 20040030255 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2004-02-12 |
Method and apparatus for examining a tissue using the spectral wing emission therefrom induced by visible to infrared photoexcitation
Grant 6,665,556 - Alfano , et al. December 16, 2 | 2003-12-16 |
Sprectroscopic and time-resolved optical methods and apparatus for imaging objects in turbed media
Grant 6,665,557 - Alfano , et al. December 16, 2 | 2003-12-16 |
Systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface
App 20030229458 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2003-12-11 |
System and method of fluorescence spectroscopic imaging for characterization and monitoring of tissue damage
Grant 6,631,289 - Alfano , et al. October 7, 2 | 2003-10-07 |
Technique for examining biological materials using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and the kubelka-munk function
Grant 6,615,068 - Alfano , et al. September 2, 2 | 2003-09-02 |
Spectral polarizing tomographic dermatoscope
Grant 6,587,711 - Alfano , et al. July 1, 2 | 2003-07-01 |
System and method for performing selected optical measurements
App 20030090674 - Zeylikovich, Iosif ; et al. | 2003-05-15 |
Method and system for examining biological materials using low power CW excitation Raman spectroscopy
Grant 6,560,478 - Alfano , et al. May 6, 2 | 2003-05-06 |
Methods of improving line of sight wireless optical communication through adverse environmental conditions
App 20030048499 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2003-03-13 |
Gelatin based and Power-gelTM as solders for Cr4+ laser tissue welding and sealing of lung air leak and fistulas in organs
App 20020198517 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2002-12-26 |
Sub-surface imaging under paints and coatings using early light spectroscopy
Grant 6,495,833 - Alfano , et al. December 17, 2 | 2002-12-17 |
Performing selected optical measurements with optical coherence domain reflectometry
Grant 6,437,867 - Zeylikovich , et al. August 20, 2 | 2002-08-20 |
Method and system for detection by raman measurements of bimolecular markers in the vitreous humor
App 20020095257 - Rosen, Richard B. ; et al. | 2002-07-18 |
Photon-mediated introduction of biological materials into cells and/or cellular components
Grant 6,346,101 - Alfano , et al. February 12, 2 | 2002-02-12 |
System and method of fluorescence spectroscopic imaging for characterization and monitoring of tissue damage
App 20020002337 - Alfano, Robert R. ; et al. | 2002-01-03 |
System and method for performing selected optical measurements utilizing an optical coherence domain reflectometer
App 20010046054 - Zeylikovich, Iosif ; et al. | 2001-11-29 |
Apparatus for enhancing the visibility of a luminous object inside tissue and methods for same
Grant 6,280,386 - Alfano , et al. August 28, 2 | 2001-08-28 |
Remote-controllable, micro-scale device for use in in vivo medical diagnosis and/or treatment
Grant 6,240,312 - Alfano , et al. May 29, 2 | 2001-05-29 |
Microscope imaging inside highly scattering media
Grant 6,215,587 - Alfano , et al. April 10, 2 | 2001-04-10 |
Non-linear optical tomography of turbid media
Grant 6,208,886 - Alfano , et al. March 27, 2 | 2001-03-27 |
Method and system for examining biological materials using low power CW excitation raman spectroscopy
Grant 6,151,522 - Alfano , et al. November 21, 2 | 2000-11-21 |
Time-resolved diffusion tomographic 2D and 3D imaging in highly scattering turbid media
Grant 6,108,576 - Alfano , et al. August 22, 2 | 2000-08-22 |
Imaging of objects in turbid media based upon the preservation of polarized luminescence emitted from contrast agents
Grant 6,091,983 - Alfano , et al. July 18, 2 | 2000-07-18 |
Detection of cancer and precancerous conditions in tissues and/or cells using native fluorescence excitation spectroscopy
Grant 6,091,985 - Alfano , et al. July 18, 2 | 2000-07-18 |
Photonic paper product dispenser
Grant 6,069,354 - Alfano , et al. May 30, 2 | 2000-05-30 |
Baseball training bat with colored transferable bands
Grant 6,045,465 - Alfano , et al. April 4, 2 | 2000-04-04 |
Fiberoptic assembly useful in optical spectroscopy
Grant 6,006,001 - Alfano , et al. December 21, 1 | 1999-12-21 |
Method and apparatus for in vivo examination of subcutaneous tissues inside an organ of a body using optical spectroscopy
Grant 5,983,125 - Alfano , et al. November 9, 1 | 1999-11-09 |
Technique for imaging an object in or behind a scattering medium
Grant 5,949,077 - Alfano , et al. September 7, 1 | 1999-09-07 |
System and method for performing selected optical measurements on a sample using a diffraction grating
Grant 5,943,133 - Zeylikovich , et al. August 24, 1 | 1999-08-24 |
Time-resolved diffusion tomographic 2D and 3D imaging in highly scattering turbid media
Grant 5,931,789 - Alfano , et al. August 3, 1 | 1999-08-03 |
Imaging of objects based upon the polarization or depolarization of light
Grant 5,929,443 - Alfano , et al. July 27, 1 | 1999-07-27 |
Imaging of objects based upon the polarization or depolarization of light
Grant 5,847,394 - Alfano , et al. December 8, 1 | 1998-12-08 |
Time-resolved diffusion tomographic imaging in highly scattering turbid media
Grant 5,813,988 - Alfano , et al. September 29, 1 | 1998-09-29 |
Optical imaging of breast tissues to enable the detection therein of calcification regions suggestive of cancer
Grant 5,799,656 - Alfano , et al. September 1, 1 | 1998-09-01 |
Method for detecting cancerous tissue using optical spectroscopy and fourier analysis
Grant 5,769,081 - Alfano , et al. June 23, 1 | 1998-06-23 |
Imaging and characterization of tissue based upon the preservation of polarized light transmitted therethrough
Grant 5,719,399 - Alfano , et al. February 17, 1 | 1998-02-17 |
Method for amplifying laser signals and an amplifier for use in said method
Grant 5,717,517 - Alfano , et al. February 10, 1 | 1998-02-10 |
Ultrafast optical imaging of objects in or behind scattering media
Grant 5,710,429 - Alfano , et al. January 20, 1 | 1998-01-20 |
Method and apparatus for evaluating the composition of an oil sample
Grant 5,656,810 - Alfano , et al. August 12, 1 | 1997-08-12 |
2-dimensional imaging of translucent objects in turbid media
Grant 5,644,429 - Alfano , et al. July 1, 1 | 1997-07-01 |
Technique for determining whether a cell is malignant as opposed to non-malignant using extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy
Grant 5,635,402 - Alfano , et al. June 3, 1 | 1997-06-03 |
Method and system for imaging objects in turbid media using diffusive fermat photons
Grant 5,625,458 - Alfano , et al. April 29, 1 | 1997-04-29 |
Method and device for detecting biological molecules and/or microorganisms within a desired area or space
Grant 5,474,910 - Alfano December 12, 1 | 1995-12-12 |
Method for determining if tissue is malignant as opposed to non-malignant using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
Grant 5,467,767 - Alfano , et al. November 21, 1 | 1995-11-21 |
Method and apparatus for mapping a tissue sample for and distinguishing different regions thereof based on luminescence measurements of cancer-indicative native fluorophor
Grant 5,413,108 - Alfano May 9, 1 | 1995-05-09 |
Ultrafast optical imaging of objects in a scattering medium
Grant 5,371,368 - Alfano , et al. December 6, 1 | 1994-12-06 |
Noninvasive method and apparatus for characterizing biological materials
Grant 5,369,496 - Alfano , et al. November 29, 1 | 1994-11-29 |
Method for determining if tissue is malignant as opposed to non-malignant using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
Grant 5,348,018 - Alfano , et al. September 20, 1 | 1994-09-20 |
Method and system for compressing and amplifying ultrashort laser pulses
Grant 5,323,260 - Alfano , et al. June 21, 1 | 1994-06-21 |
Protective device for selectively reflecting high-intensity light over a broad spectral bandwidth
Grant 5,315,437 - Alfano , et al. May 24, 1 | 1994-05-24 |
Method for distinguishing between calcified atherosclerotic tissue and fibrous atherosclerotic tissue or normal cardiovascular tissue using Raman spectroscopy
Grant 5,293,872 - Alfano , et al. March 15, 1 | 1994-03-15 |
Method for determining if a tissue is a malignant tumor tissue, a benign tumor tissue, or a normal or benign tissue using Raman spectroscopy
Grant 5,261,410 - Alfano , et al. November 16, 1 | 1993-11-16 |
Multiple-stage optical Kerr gate system
Grant 5,227,912 - Ho , et al. July 13, 1 | 1993-07-13 |
Three-dimensional optical imaging of semi-transparent and opaque objects using ultrashort light pulses, a streak camera and a coherent fiber bundle
Grant 5,142,372 - Alfano , et al. August 25, 1 | 1992-08-25 |
Method and apparatus for improving the signal to noise ratio of an image formed of an object hidden in or behind a semi-opaque random media
Grant 5,140,463 - Yoo , et al. August 18, 1 | 1992-08-18 |
Method and apparatus for distinguishing cancerous tissue from benign tumor tissue, benign tissue or normal tissue using native fluorescence
Grant 5,131,398 - Alfano , et al. July 21, 1 | 1992-07-21 |
Method and apparatus for creating transient optical elements and circuits
Grant 5,126,874 - Alfano , et al. June 30, 1 | 1992-06-30 |
Optical method and apparatus for diagnosing human spermatozoa
Grant 5,061,075 - Alfano , et al. October 29, 1 | 1991-10-29 |
Method and apparatus for detecting cancerous tissue using luminescence excitation spectra
Grant 5,042,494 - Alfano August 27, 1 | 1991-08-27 |
Apparatus and method for measuring the time evolution of carriers propogating within submicron and micron electronic devices
Grant 5,034,903 - Alfano , et al. July 23, 1 | 1991-07-23 |
Tetravalent chromium (Cr.sub.4+) as a laser-active ion for tunabale solid-state lasers
Grant 4,987,575 - Alfano , et al. January 22, 1 | 1991-01-22 |
Method and apparatus for generating ultrashort light pulses
Grant 4,972,423 - Alfano , et al. November 20, 1 | 1990-11-20 |
Chromium-doped foresterite laser system
Grant 4,932,031 - Alfano , et al. June 5, 1 | 1990-06-05 |
Method for detecting cancerous tissue using visible native luminescence
Grant 4,930,516 - Alfano , et al. June 5, 1 | 1990-06-05 |
Photomultiplier tube having a transmission strip line photocathode and system for use therewith
Grant 4,853,595 - Alfano , et al. August 1, 1 | 1989-08-01 |
Picosecond gated light detector
Grant 4,682,020 - Alfano July 21, 1 | 1987-07-21 |
Ultrafast gated light detector
Grant 4,659,921 - Alfano April 21, 1 | 1987-04-21 |
Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in teeth using visible luminescence
Grant RE31,815 - Alfano January 29, 1 | 1985-01-29 |
Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in teeth using visible light
Grant 4,479,499 - Alfano October 30, 1 | 1984-10-30 |
Chromium-doped beryllium aluminum silicate laser systems
Grant 4,464,761 - Alfano , et al. August 7, 1 | 1984-08-07 |
Apparatus and method for use in calibrating the time axis and intensity linearity of a streak camera
Grant 4,435,727 - Schiller , et al. March 6, 1 | 1984-03-06 |
Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in teeth using visible luminescence
Grant 4,290,433 - Alfano September 22, 1 | 1981-09-22 |
Picosecond Spectrometer Using Picosecond Continuum
Grant 3,782,828 - Alfano , et al. January 1, 1 | 1974-01-01 |
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