To: | Dr. Aron Ping D'Souza (ipprosecution@orrick.com) |
Subject: | U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88419720 - CHIEF OF STAFF - N/A |
Sent: | July 29, 2019 02:25:30 PM |
Sent As: | ecom109@uspto.gov |
Attachments: | Attachment - 1 Attachment - 2 Attachment - 3 Attachment - 4 Attachment - 5 Attachment - 6 Attachment - 7 Attachment - 8 Attachment - 9 Attachment - 10 Attachment - 11 |
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Office Action (Official Letter) About Applicant’s Trademark Application
U.S. Application Serial No. 88419720
Mark: CHIEF OF STAFF
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Correspondence Address: |
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Applicant: Dr. Aron Ping D'Souza
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Reference/Docket No. N/A
Correspondence Email Address: |
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The USPTO must receive applicant’s response to this letter within six months of the issue date below or the application will be abandoned. Respond using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS). A link to the appropriate TEAS response form appears at the end of this Office action.
Issue date: July 29, 2019
The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney. Applicant must respond timely and completely to the issue(s) below. 15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.
SECTION 2(d) REFUSAL – LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION
Trademark Act Section 2(d) bars registration of an applied-for mark that is so similar to a registered mark that it is likely consumers would be confused, mistaken, or deceived as to the commercial source of the goods and/or services of the parties. See 15 U.S.C. §1052(d). Likelihood of confusion is determined on a case-by-case basis by applying the factors set forth in In re E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d 1357, 1361, 177 USPQ 563, 567 (C.C.P.A. 1973) (called the “du Pont factors”). In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 866 F.3d 1315, 1322, 123 USPQ2d 1744, 1747 (Fed. Cir. 2017). Only those factors that are “relevant and of record” need be considered. M2 Software, Inc. v. M2 Commc’ns, Inc., 450 F.3d 1378, 1382, 78 USPQ2d 1944, 1947 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (citing Shen Mfg. Co. v. Ritz Hotel Ltd., 393 F.3d 1238, 1241, 73 USPQ2d 1350, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2004)); see In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d 1742, 1744 (TTAB 2018).
Although not all du Pont factors may be relevant, there are generally two key considerations in any likelihood of confusion analysis: (1) the similarities between the compared marks and (2) the relatedness of the compared goods and/or services. See In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 866 F.3d at 1322, 123 USPQ2d at 1747 (quoting Herbko Int’l, Inc. v. Kappa Books, Inc., 308 F.3d 1156, 1164-65, 64 USPQ2d 1375, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2002)); Federated Foods, Inc. v. Fort Howard Paper Co.,544 F.2d 1098, 1103, 192 USPQ 24, 29 (C.C.P.A. 1976) (“The fundamental inquiry mandated by [Section] 2(d) goes to the cumulative effect of differences in the essential characteristics of the goods [or services] and differences in the marks.”); TMEP §1207.01.
Summary of the Marks
The applied-for mark is CHIEF OF STAFF in standard characters for “Education services, namely, providing live and online education courses in the fields of diplomacy, protocol, communications, business organization and management, leadership, counseling, strategy, office management and support, office and business administration, problem-solving, dispute mediation, and related executive assistant and support services; Arranging and conducting educational conferences; Educational services, namely, conducting seminars, classes, conferences, online classes and workshops in the fields of diplomacy, protocol, communications, business organization and management, leadership, counseling, strategy, office management and support, office and business administration, problem-solving, dispute mediation, and related executive assistant and support services, and distribution of training material in connection therewith” in International Class 35.
U.S. Registration No. 3575944 is CHIEF OF STAFF BOOTCAMP in standard characters for:
International Class 16: educational publications, namely, training manuals in the field of hospital and health system leadership and management.
International Class 41: conducting workshops and seminars in the field of hospital and health system leadership development, management and strategic planning.
Similarity of the Marks
Marks are compared in their entireties for similarities in appearance, sound, connotation, and commercial impression. Stone Lion Capital Partners, LP v. Lion Capital LLP, 746 F.3d 1317, 1321, 110 USPQ2d 1157, 1160 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (quoting Palm Bay Imps., Inc. v. Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Maison Fondee En 1772, 396 F.3d 1369, 1371, 73 USPQ2d 1689, 1691 (Fed. Cir. 2005)); TMEP §1207.01(b)-(b)(v). “Similarity in any one of these elements may be sufficient to find the marks confusingly similar.” In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d 1742, 1746 (TTAB 2018) (citing In re Davia, 110 USPQ2d 1810, 1812 (TTAB 2014)); TMEP §1207.01(b).
When comparing marks, “[t]he proper test is not a side-by-side comparison of the marks, but instead whether the marks are sufficiently similar in terms of their commercial impression such that [consumers] who encounter the marks would be likely to assume a connection between the parties.” Cai v. Diamond Hong, Inc., __ F.3d __, 127 USPQ2d 1797, 1801 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (quoting Coach Servs., Inc. v. Triumph Learning LLC, 668 F.3d 1356, 1368, 101 USPQ2d 1713, 1721 (Fed. Cir. 2012)); TMEP §1207.01(b). The proper focus is on the recollection of the average purchaser, who retains a general rather than specific impression of trademarks. In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d 1742, 1746 (TTAB 2018) (citing In re St. Helena Hosp., 774 F.3d 747, 750-51, 113 USPQ2d 1082, 1085 (Fed. Cir. 2014); Geigy Chem. Corp. v. Atlas Chem. Indus., Inc., 438 F.2d 1005, 1007, 169 USPQ 39, 40 (CCPA 1971)); TMEP §1207.01(b).
For those reasons, the marks are similar in overall sound, appearance, and commercial impression. As a result, the marks are confusingly similar.
Similarity of the Services
American Medical Association: http://www.ama-assn.org/; http://www.ama-assn.org/education
Healthcare Business Management Association: http://www.hbma.org/; http://www.hbma.org/meeting_calendar/details.php?event=1908
American Association of Healthcare Administrative Management: http://www.aaham.org/; http://www.aaham.org/Events/EventsList/TabId/4599/ArtMID/14305/ArticleID/38477/AAHAM-Webinar-The-Impact-of-Financial-Toxicity-on-Your-Patients.aspx
Cleveland Clinic: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/global-executive-education
Conclusion
For the reasons above, registration of the applied-for mark is refused because of a likelihood of confusion with the mark in U.S. Registration No. 3575944.
Applicant should note the following additional ground for refusal.
SECTION 2(e)(1) REFUSAL - MERELY DESCRIPTIVE
“Whether consumers could guess what the product [or service] is from consideration of the mark alone is not the test.” In re Am. Greetings Corp., 226 USPQ 365, 366 (TTAB 1985).
In this case, the attached evidence, linked below, demonstrates that the wording “CHIEF OF STAFF” refers “the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons.” Applicant’s services are services targeted towards those in leadership or management roles. In other words, an intended audience of applicant’s services are chiefs of staff, i.e., leaders in complex organizations. Thus, the wording “CHIEF OF STAFF” merely describes applicant’s services and registration is refused.
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_staff
American Heritage Dictionary: http://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=chief%20of%20staff
ADVISORY – WORDING APPEARS TO BE GENERIC
HOW TO RESPOND
TEAS PLUS OR TEAS REDUCED FEE (TEAS RF) APPLICANTS – TO MAINTAIN LOWER FEE, ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS MUST BE MET, INCLUDING SUBMITTING DOCUMENTS ONLINE: Applicants who filed their application online using the lower-fee TEAS Plus or TEAS RF application form must (1) file certain documents online using TEAS, including responses to Office actions (see TMEP §§819.02(b), 820.02(b) for a complete list of these documents); (2) maintain a valid e-mail correspondence address; and (3) agree to receive correspondence from the USPTO by e-mail throughout the prosecution of the application. See 37 C.F.R. §§2.22(b), 2.23(b); TMEP §§819, 820. TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants who do not meet these requirements must submit an additional processing fee of $125 per class of goods and/or services. 37 C.F.R. §§2.6(a)(1)(v), 2.22(c), 2.23(c); TMEP §§819.04, 820.04. However, in certain situations, TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants may respond to an Office action by authorizing an examiner’s amendment by telephone or e-mail without incurring this additional fee.
How to respond. Click to file a response to this nonfinal Office action
/Robert Ratcliffe/
Examining Attorney
Law Office 109
Phone: (571) 272-5257
Fax: (571) 273-5562
robert.ratcliffe@uspto.gov
RESPONSE GUIDANCE