U.S. patent number RE47,578 [Application Number 15/788,029] was granted by the patent office on 2019-08-20 for organic light-emitting device and of preparing the same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD.. The grantee listed for this patent is SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Kyul Han, Hyo-Yeon Kim, Heun-Seung Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, Sang-Woo Pyo, Hye-Yeon Shim, Ji-Hwan Yoon.
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United States Patent |
RE47,578 |
Han , et al. |
August 20, 2019 |
Organic light-emitting device and of preparing the same
Abstract
An organic light emitting diode (OLED) and a method of
manufacturing the same. An auxiliary layer comprising a high
density metallic compound and an emission layer are formed by a
laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) process. The LITI process
reduces manufacturing costs and time by eliminating the need for a
mask patterning process. The metallic compound has a density of 2
g/cm.sup.3 or greater to promote adhesion and improve interfacial
planarization. This results in improved luminance uniformity (i.e.
luminance mura) between pixels within an OLED display device.
Inventors: |
Han; Kyul (Yongin-si,
KR), Lee; Sang-Woo (Yongin-si, KR), Kim;
Hyo-Yeon (Yongin-si, KR), Shim; Hye-Yeon
(Yongin-si, KR), Lee; Heun-Seung (Yongin-si,
KR), Pyo; Sang-Woo (Yongin-si, KR), Yoon;
Ji-Hwan (Yongin-si, KR) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD. |
Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do |
N/A |
KR |
|
|
Assignee: |
SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD.
(Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, KR)
|
Family
ID: |
51060316 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/788,029 |
Filed: |
October 19, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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Reissue of: |
14057652 |
Oct 18, 2013 |
9165980 |
Oct 20, 2015 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jan 4, 2013 [KR] |
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10-2013-0001309 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L
27/3211 (20130101); H01L 51/5265 (20130101); H01L
27/3211 (20130101); H01L 51/5064 (20130101); H01L
51/5265 (20130101); H01L 51/56 (20130101); H01L
51/5064 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01L
29/08 (20060101); H01L 51/50 (20060101); H01L
51/52 (20060101); H01L 27/32 (20060101); H01L
21/00 (20060101); H01L 51/56 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;257/40 ;438/34 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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10-2005-0082644 |
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Aug 2005 |
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KR |
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10-2005-0082644 |
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Aug 2005 |
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KR |
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10-2007-0036994 |
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Apr 2007 |
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KR |
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10-2017-0036994 |
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Apr 2007 |
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KR |
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10-2007-0068147 |
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Jun 2007 |
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KR |
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10-2007-0068147 |
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Jun 2007 |
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KR |
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10-0879476 |
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Jan 2009 |
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KR |
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10-2009-0097464 |
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Sep 2009 |
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KR |
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10-2009-0097464 |
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Sep 2009 |
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KR |
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10-2010-0037572 |
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Apr 2010 |
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KR |
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10-2010-0037572 |
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Apr 2010 |
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KR |
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Primary Examiner: Nguyen; Tuan H
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lee & Morse, P.C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An organic light emitting device, comprising: a substrate
including a first subpixel region, a second subpixel region, and a
third subpixel region; a plurality of first electrodes separately
arranged in the first subpixel region, the second subpixel region,
and the third subpixel region of the substrate; a second electrode
arranged opposite the first electrode; .Iadd.a hole injection and
transport layer disposed between the plurality of first electrodes
and the second electrode; .Iaddend. a first emission layer (EML)
arranged in the first subpixel region to emit light having a first
color; a second emission layer arranged in the second subpixel
region to emit light having a second color; a first layer arranged
as a common layer with respect to the first subpixel region, the
second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region and arranged
under the first emission layer and the second emission layer and
arranged between the substrate and each of the first and second
emission layers; and at least one of a first auxiliary layer and a
second auxiliary layer, wherein the first auxiliary layer is
arranged between the first emission layer and the first layer,
contacts a surface of the first layer and includes a first metallic
compound to facilitate transportation of electric charges from the
first electrode to the first emission layer, and wherein the second
auxiliary layer is arranged between the second emission layer and
the first layer, contacts the surface of the first layer and
includes a second metallic compound to facilitate transportation of
electric charges from the first electrode to the second emission
layer.
2. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first
auxiliary layer and the second auxiliary layer are produced by a
laser induced thermal imaging process.
3. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first
metallic compound is a metallic compound which makes a first thin
film exclusively including the first metallic compound have a thin
film density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater, and the second metallic
compound is a metallic compound which makes a second thin film
exclusively including the second metallic compound have a thin film
density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater.
4. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first
electrode is a hole injection electrode; the first layer comprises
a light emitting material to emit light having a third color; the
first metallic compound and the second metallic compound are
oxidizing metallic compounds; and the second electrode is an
electron injection electrode.
5. The organic light emitting device of claim .[.4.].
.Iadd.1.Iaddend., wherein the first metallic compound and the
second metallic compound are each independently an oxide or a
halide comprising at least one element selected from a group
consisting of a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, a Group 7
.Iadd.element.Iaddend., iron (Fe), antimony (Sb), and copper
(Cu).
6. The organic light emitting device of claim .[.5.].
.Iadd.1.Iaddend., wherein the first metallic compound and the
second metallic compound each independently comprise at least one
compound selected from WO, W.sub.2O.sub.3, WO.sub.2, WO.sub.3,
W.sub.2O.sub.5, VO, V.sub.2O.sub.3, VO.sub.2, V.sub.2O.sub.5, MoO,
Mo.sub.2O.sub.3, MoO.sub.2, MoO.sub.3, Mo.sub.2O.sub.5, ReO.sub.3,
FeCl.sub.3, SbCl.sub.5, and CuI.
7. The organic light emitting device of claim 4, wherein the first
auxiliary layer further comprises a first organic hole transport
material, and the second auxiliary layer further comprises a second
organic hole transport material.
8. The organic light emitting device of claim 4, wherein the first
color is red, the second color is green, and the third color is
blue, wherein light having the third color is emitted from the
first layer.
9. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, further comprising
a second layer arranged between the first layer and the second
electrode and being arranged as a common layer with respect to the
first subpixel region, the second subpixel region, and the third
subpixel region, the second layer comprising a light emitting
material to emit light having a third color, wherein: the first
electrodes are electron injection electrodes; the first layer is an
electron transport layer; the first metallic compound and the
second metallic compound are reducing metallic compounds; and the
second electrode is a hole injection electrode.
10. The organic light emitting device of claim 9, wherein the first
metallic compound and the second metallic compound are each
independently selected from a halide, an oxide, a nitride, an
oxynitride, and a salt comprising at least one of an alkali metal
and an alkaline earth metal.
11. The organic light emitting device of claim 9, wherein the first
metallic compound and the second metallic compound each
independently comprises at least one compound selected from LiF,
KF, CsF, RbF, NaF, LiO.sub.2, Li.sub.2O.sub.2, Rb.sub.2O.sub.2,
Cs.sub.2O, LiAlO.sub.2, LiBO.sub.2, LiCl, RbCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl,
KAlO.sub.2, Na.sub.2WO.sub.4, K.sub.2SiO.sub.3, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3,
LiCO.sub.3, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaCO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3,
KCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3, Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsCO.sub.3,
BeCO, BeCO.sub.3, MgCO, MgCO.sub.3, CaO, Ca.sub.2CO.sub.3,
CaCO.sub.3, SrCO, SrCO.sub.3, BaCO, and BaCO.sub.3.
12. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first
auxiliary layer further comprises a first organic electron
transport material and the second auxiliary layer further comprises
a second organic electron transport material.
13. The organic light emitting device of claim 9, wherein the first
color is red, the second color is green, the third color is blue,
and light having the third color is emitted from the second
layer.
14. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device,
comprising: forming a plurality of first electrodes in a first
subpixel region, a second subpixel region, and a third subpixel
region, respectively on a substrate; forming a first layer as a
common layer with respect to the first subpixel region, the second
subpixel region, and the third subpixel region; forming at least
one of a first auxiliary layer and a second auxiliary layer,
wherein the first auxiliary layer is arranged between a first
emission layer and the first layer, contacts a surface of the first
layer and includes a first metallic compound to facilitate
transportation of electric charges from the first electrode to the
first emission layer, and wherein the second auxiliary layer is
arranged between a second emission layer and the first layer,
contacts the surface of the first layer and includes a second
metallic compound to facilitate transportation of electric charges
from the first electrode to the second emission layer; forming the
first emission layer in the first subpixel region to emit light of
a first color; forming the second emission layer in the second
subpixel region to emit light of a second color; .[.and.]. forming
a second electrode opposite to the first electrodes.Iadd.; and
forming a hole injection and transport layer disposed between the
plurality of first electrodes and the second
electrode.Iaddend..
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first auxiliary layer and
the second auxiliary layer are formed by a laser induced thermal
imaging technique.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first metallic compound is
a metallic compound which makes a first thin film exclusively
including the first metallic compound to have a thin film density
of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater, and the second metallic compound is a
metallic compound which makes a second thin film exclusively
including the second metallic compound to have a thin film density
of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein: the first electrodes are hole
injection electrodes; the first layer is a common layer comprising
a light emitting material to emit light of a third color; the first
metallic compound and the second metallic compound are oxidizing
metallic compounds; and the second electrode is an electron
injection electrode.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first metallic compound and
the second metallic compound each independently comprise at least
one material selected from WO, W.sub.2O.sub.3, WO.sub.2, WO.sub.3,
W.sub.2O.sub.5, VO, V.sub.2O.sub.3, VO.sub.2, V.sub.2O.sub.5, MoO,
Mo.sub.2O.sub.3, MoO.sub.2, MoO.sub.3, Mo.sub.2O.sub.5, ReO.sub.3,
FeCl.sub.3, SbCl.sub.5, and CuI.
19. The method of claim 14, further comprising forming a second
layer between the first layer and the second electrode, the second
layer being a common layer with respect to the first subpixel
region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region,
the second layer including a light emitting material to emit light
of a third color, wherein: the first electrodes are electron
injection electrodes; the first layer is an electron transport
layer; the first metallic compound and the second metallic compound
are reducing metallic compounds; and the second electrode is a hole
injection electrode.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first metallic compound and
the second metallic compound each independently comprises at least
one material selected from LiF, KF, CsF, RbF, NaF, LiO.sub.2,
Li.sub.2O.sub.2, Rb.sub.2O.sub.2, Cs.sub.2O, LiAlO.sub.2,
LiBO.sub.2, LiCl, RbCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, KAlO.sub.2,
Na.sub.2WO.sub.4, K.sub.2SiO.sub.3, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, LiCO.sub.3,
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaCO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, KCO.sub.3,
RbCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3, Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsCO.sub.3, BeCO,
BeCO.sub.3, MgCO, MgCO.sub.3, CaO, Ca.sub.2CO.sub.3, CaCO.sub.3,
SrCO, SrCO.sub.3, BaCO and BaCO.sub.3.
Description
.[.CLAIM OF PRIORITY.]. .Iadd.CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
APPLICATION AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY .Iaddend.
This application .Iadd.is a Reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 9,165,980 B2
issued Oct. 20, 2015, and which .Iaddend.makes reference to,
incorporates the same herein, and claims all benefits accruing
under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119 from an application earlier filed in the
Korean Intellectual Property Office filed on Jan. 4, 2013 and there
duly assigned Serial No. 10-2013-0001309.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
One or more embodiments of the present invention relates to an
organic light emitting device and a method of preparing the
same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), which are self-emitting
devices, have advantages such as wide viewing angles, excellent
contrast, quick response, high brightness, excellent driving
voltage properties, and can provide multi-colored images.
A typical OLED has a structure including a substrate, and an anode,
a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), an electron
transport layer (ETL), and a cathode which are sequentially stacked
on the substrate. In this regard, the HTL, the EML, and the ETL are
organic thin films thrilled of organic compounds.
An operating principle of an OLED having the above-described
structure is as follows.
When a voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode, holes
injected from the anode move to the EML via the HTL, and electrons
injected from the cathode move to the EML via the ETL. The holes
and electrons recombine in the EML to generate excitons. When the
excitons drop from an excited state to a ground state, light is
emitted.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One or more embodiments includes a high-performance organic light
emitting device substantially preventing luminance non-uniformity
defects (luminance mura) and having a simple manufacturing process,
and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting
device.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided
an organic light emitting device that includes a substrate
including a first subpixel region, a second subpixel region, and a
third subpixel region, a plurality of first electrodes separately
arranged in the first subpixel region, the second subpixel region,
and the third subpixel region of the substrate, a second electrode
arranged opposite the first electrode, a first emission layer (EML)
arranged in the first subpixel region to and emit light having a
first color, a second emission layer arranged in the second
subpixel region to emit light having a second color, a first layer
arranged as a common layer with respect to the first subpixel
region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region
and at least one of a first auxiliary layer and a second auxiliary
layer, the first auxiliary layer may be arranged between the first
emission layer and the first layer, contact a surface of the first
layer and include a first metallic compound to facilitate
transportation of electric charges from the first electrode to the
first emission layer, and the second auxiliary layer may be
arranged between the second emission layer and the first layer,
contact the surface of the first layer and include a second
metallic compound to facilitate transportation of electric charges
from the first electrode to the second emission layer.
The first metal compound may be a metal compound which makes an
imaginary first thin film exclusively including (consisting of) the
first metal compound to have a thin film density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or
greater and the second metal compound may be a metal compound which
makes an imaginary second thin film exclusively including
(consisting of) the second metal compound to have a thin film
density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater.
The first electrode may be a hole injection electrode, the first
layer comprises a light emitting material to emit light having a
third color, the first metallic compound and the second metallic
compound are oxidizing metallic compounds and the second electrode
is an electron injection electrode. The first metallic compound and
the second metallic compound may each independently be an oxide or
a halide that includes at least one of a Group 5 element, a Group 6
element, a Group 7, iron (Fe), antimony (Sb), and copper (Cu). The
first metallic compound and the second metallic compound may
independently include at least one of WO, W.sub.2O.sub.3, WO.sub.2,
WO.sub.3, W.sub.2O.sub.5, VO, V.sub.2O.sub.3, VO.sub.2,
V.sub.2O.sub.5, MoO, Mo.sub.2O.sub.3, MoO.sub.2, MoO.sub.3,
Mo.sub.2O.sub.5, ReO.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3, SbCl.sub.5, and CuI. The
first auxiliary layer may also include a first organic hole
transport material and the second auxiliary layer may also include
a second organic hole transport material. The first color may be
red, the second color may be green, and the third color may be
blue, and light having the third color may be emitted from the
first layer.
The organic light emitting device may instead also include a second
layer arranged between the first layer and the second electrode and
being arranged as a common layer with respect to the first subpixel
region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region,
the second layer comprising a light emitting material to emit light
having a third color, wherein the first electrodes may be electron
injection electrodes, the first layer may be an electron transport
layer, the first metallic compound and the second metallic compound
may be reducing metallic compounds, and the second electrode may be
a hole injection electrode. The first metallic compound and the
second metallic compound may each independently be a halide, an
oxide, a nitride, an oxynitride or a salt comprising at least one
of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal. The first metallic
compound and the second metallic compound may each independently be
one of LiF, KF, CsF, RbF, NaF, LiO.sub.2, Li.sub.2O.sub.2,
Rb.sub.2O.sub.2, Cs.sub.2O, LiAlO.sub.2, LiBO.sub.2, LiCl, RbCl,
NaCl, KCl, CsCl, KAlO.sub.2, Na.sub.2WO.sub.4, K.sub.2SiO.sub.3,
Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, LiCO.sub.3, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaCO.sub.3,
K.sub.2CO.sub.3, KCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3,
Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsCO.sub.3, BeCO, BeCO.sub.3, MgCO, MgCO.sub.3,
CaO, Ca.sub.2CO.sub.3, CaCO.sub.3, SrCO, SrCO.sub.3, BaCO, and
BaCO.sub.3. The first auxiliary layer may also include a first
organic electron transport material and the second auxiliary layer
may also include a second organic electron transport material. The
first color may be red, the second color may be green, the third
color may be blue, and light having the third color may be emitted
from the second layer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a method of manufacturing an organic light emitting
device, including forming a plurality of the first electrodes in a
first subpixel region, a second subpixel region, and a third
subpixel region, respectively on a substrate, forming a first layer
as a common layer with respect to the first subpixel region, the
second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region, forming at
least one of a first auxiliary layer and a second auxiliary layer,
wherein the first auxiliary layer may be arranged between a first
emission layer and the first layer, contact a surface of the first
layer and include a first metallic compound to facilitate
transportation of electric charges from the first electrode to the
first emission layer, and wherein the second auxiliary layer may be
arranged between a second emission layer and the first layer,
contact the surface of the first layer and include a second
metallic compound to facilitate transportation of electric charges
from the first electrode to the second emission layer, forming the
first emission layer in the first subpixel region to emit light of
a first color, forming the second emission layer in the second
subpixel region to emit light of a second color and forming a
second electrode opposite to the first electrodes.
The first auxiliary layer and the second auxiliary layer may be
formed by a laser induced thermal imaging technique. The first
metal compound may be a metal compound which makes a first
imaginary thin film exclusively including (consisting of) the first
metal compound to have a thin film density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or
greater and the second metal compound may be a metal compound which
makes a imaginary second thin film exclusively including
(consisting of) the second metal compound to have a thin film
density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater.
The first electrodes may be hole injection electrodes, the first
layer may be a common layer comprising a light emitting material to
emit light of a third color, the first metallic compound and the
second metallic compound may be oxidizing metallic compounds and
the second electrode may be an electron injection electrode. The
first metallic compound and the second metallic compound may each
independently include at least one of WO, W.sub.2O.sub.3, WO.sub.2,
WO.sub.3, W.sub.2O.sub.5, VO, V.sub.2O.sub.3, VO.sub.2,
V.sub.2O.sub.5, MoO, Mo.sub.2O.sub.3, MoO.sub.2, MoO.sub.3,
Mo.sub.2O.sub.5, ReO.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3, SbCl.sub.5, and CuI.
Alternatively, the method may also include forming a second layer
between the first layer and the second electrode, the second layer
may be a common layer with respect to the first subpixel region,
the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region, the
second layer may include a light emitting material to emit light of
a third color, the first electrodes may be electron injection
electrodes, the first layer may be an electron transport layer, the
first metallic compound and the second metallic compound may be
reducing metallic compounds; and the second electrode may be a hole
injection electrode. The first metallic compound and the second
metallic compound may each independently include at least one of
LiF, KF, CsF, RbF, NaF, LiO.sub.2, Li.sub.2O.sub.2,
Rb.sub.2O.sub.2, Cs.sub.2O, LiAlO.sub.2, LiBO.sub.2, LiCl, RbCl,
NaCl, KCl, CsCl, KAlO.sub.2, Na.sub.2WO.sub.4, K.sub.2SiO.sub.3,
Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, LiCO.sub.3, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaCO.sub.3,
K.sub.2CO.sub.3, KCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3,
Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsCO.sub.3, BeCO, BeCO.sub.3, MgCO, MgCO.sub.3,
CaO, Ca.sub.2CO.sub.3, CaCO.sub.3, SrCO, SrCO.sub.3, BaCO and
BaCO.sub.3.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the invention, and many of the
attendant advantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the same
becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed
description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, in which like reference symbols indicate the same or
similar components, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an organic
light emitting device according to a first embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a donor film
for laser induced thermal imaging according to an embodiment of the
present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an organic
light emitting device according to a second embodiment of the
present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations
of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as
"at least one of," when preceding a list of elements, modify the
entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements
of the list.
Hereinafter, description of structures of the organic light
emitting devices and a method of manufacturing the same, according
to embodiments of the present invention, will be described with
reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
Referring to FIG. 1, a substrate 101 of an organic light emitting
device 100 includes a first subpixel region, a second subpixel
region, and a third subpixel region. A plurality of first
electrodes 103 are disposed as separate patterns in the first
subpixel region, the second subpixel region and the third subpixel
region, respectively. A pixel defining layer 105 is formed on an
edge of each of the first electrodes 103 to define the first
subpixel region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel
region. A hole injection and transport layer 111 and a first layer
114 are sequentially formed as common layers with respect to the
entirety of the first subpixel region, the second subpixel region,
and the third subpixel region. In the first subpixel region, a
first auxiliary layer 112a contacting a surface of the first layer
114 is formed, and a first emission layer (EML) 113a emitting the
light having a first color is formed on the first auxiliary layer
112a. In the second subpixel region, a second auxiliary layer 112b
contacting the surface of the first layer 114 is formed, and a
second EML 113b emitting the light having a second color is formed
on the second auxiliary layer 112b. Also, as common layers for all
of the first subpixel region, the second subpixel region, and the
third subpixel region, an electron transport layer (ETL) 116, an
electron injection layer 118, and a second electrode 119 are
sequentially formed. In FIG. 1, the first electrode 103 of the
organic light emitting device 100 is a hole injection electrode for
injecting holes, and the second electrode 119 is an electron
injection electrode for injecting electrons. Directions of
movements of the holes and the electrons are shown in FIG. 1.
As used herein, the term "common layer" as used herein refers to a
layer that is not a separate pattern for each of the first subpixel
region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region,
rather, that is formed over all of the first subpixel region, the
second subpixel region, the third subpixel region.
The light having the first color, the light having the second
color, and the light having a third color may be, for example, red,
green and blue respectively. Accordingly, the organic light
emitting device may emit in full color. The light having the first
color, the light having the second color, and the light having the
third color may be in any of a variety of colors, not limited to
the red light, the green light, and the blue light, provided that a
mixed light thereof may be a white light.
Substrate 101 generally used in the organic light emitting device
may be used such as a glass substrate or a transparent plastic
substrate having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability,
transparency, surface finish, handlability, and waterproof property
may be used. The plurality of first electrodes 103 are separately
patterned in the first subpixel region, the second subpixel region,
and the third subpixel region, respectively, on the substrate 101.
The first electrode 103 may be formed by providing a first
electrode material on the first substrate 101 by using a deposition
technique or a sputtering technique. Since the first electrode 103
is a hole injection electrode, a material for first electrode 103
may be selected from materials having a high work function.
The first electrode 103 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium
zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and the
like. In some embodiments, as a semi-transparent electrode, the
first electrode 103 may be formed in the form of a thin film
including at least one metal selected from among magnesium (Mg),
aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al--Li), calcium (Ca),
magnesium-indium (Mg--In), magnesium-silver (Mg--Ag), and the
like.
The first electrode 103 as such may be manufactured as a
transparent electrode, a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective
electrode, but the present invention is in no way limited
thereto.
The pixel defining layers 105 are formed on edges of the plurality
of the first electrodes 103. The pixel defining layers 105 define
pixel domains and may include various known organic insulating
materials (for example, silicon-based materials), inorganic
insulating materials, or organic/inorganic composite insulating
materials.
The hole injection and transport layer 111 are formed as common
layers on the plurality of the first electrodes 103. The hole
injection and transport layer 111 may have two or more layers, for
example, a hole injection layer (HIL) including a hole injection
material and a hole transport layer (HTL) including hole transport
material, or may be a single layer including at least one of a hole
injection material and a hole transport material.
The hole injection and transport layer 111 may be formed on the
plurality of the first electrodes 103 by using vacuum deposition,
spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodget (LB), inkjet printing,
laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like.
When the hole injection and transport layer 111 are formed using
vacuum deposition, vacuum deposition conditions may vary according
to the material that is used to form the target hole injection and
transport layer 111, and the desired structure and thermal
properties of the hole injection and transport layer 111. For
example, vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature of
about 100.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C., a pressure of about
10.sup.-8 torr to about 10.sup.-3 torr, and a deposition rate of
about 0.01 .ANG./sec to about 100 .ANG./sec, however the conditions
are not limited thereto.
If the hole injection and transport layer 111 is formed by using a
spin coating technique, coating conditions may vary according to
the compound that is used to form the target hole injection and
transport layer 111, and the desired structure and thermal
properties of the hole injection and transport layer 111. For
example, the coating rate may be about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm,
and a temperature at which heat treatment is performed to remove a
solvent after coating may be about 80.degree. C. to about
200.degree. C., however, the conditions are not limited
thereto.
Non-limiting examples of the material that may be used to form the
hole injection and transport layer 111 are
N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4'-di-
amine (DNTPD), phthalocyanine compound such as copper
phthalocyanine, m-MTDATA
[4,4',4''-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine], Pani/DBSA
(Polyaniline/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), PEDOT/PSS
(Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate),
Pani/CSA (Polyaniline/Camphor sulfonicacid); and PANI/PSS
(Polyaniline)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate).
Non-limiting examples of the hole transport material are
N-phenylcarbazole, polyvinylcarbazole, carbazole derivatives, n
n'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-n n'-diphenyl-[1 1'-biphenyl]-4 4'-diamine
(TPD), 4,4',4''-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), and
N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB).
The hole injection and transport layer 111 may include at least one
of compounds represented by Formula 300 below and Formula 350
below.
##STR00001##
In Formula 300, Ar.sub.11 and Ar.sub.12 may each independently be a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group. For
example, Ar.sub.11 and the Ar.sub.12 may each independently be a
substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or
unsubstituted naphthalene group, a substituted or unsubstituted
fluorenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted anthrylene
group, but are not limited thereto. At least one substituted group
of the substituted phenylene group, the substituted naphthalene
group, the substituted fluorenylene group, and the substituted
anthrylene group may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a
halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an
amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine, a hydrazone, a
carboxylic group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, or a
phenanthrenyl group, but are not limited thereto.
In Formula 350, Ar.sub.21 and Ar.sub.22 may each independently be a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group. For
example, Ar.sub.21 and Ar.sub.22 may each independently be a
substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
phenanthrenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted anthryl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted pyrenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted chrysenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
fluorenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazoyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, or a substituted
or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group. Herein, at least one
substituted group of the substituted phenyl, the substituted
naphthyl group, the substituted phenanthrenyl group, the
substituted anthryl group, the substituted pyrenyl group, the
substituted chrysenyl group, the substituted fluorenyl group, the
substituted carbazoyl group, the substituted dibenzofuranyl group,
and the substituted dibenzothiophenyl group may be selected from a
deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a
nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxyl group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl
group, an anthryl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a
chrysenyl group, an imidazoyl group, an imidazolinyl group, an
imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidyl group, a pyridinyl
group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and an indolyl
group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a
phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a triphenylenyl group, a
pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, an imidazoyl group, an
imidazolinyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an
imidazopyrimidinyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a
pyrimidinyl group, and an indolyl group, substituted with at least
one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano
group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a
hydrazine, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group and a salt thereof, a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a
salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, and a
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxyl group.
In Formula 300, e and f may each independently be an integer from 0
to 5, or 0, 1 to 2. For example, e may be 1, and f may be 0, but e
and f are not limited thereto.
In Formulas 300 and 350, R.sub.51 to R.sub.58, R.sub.61 to
R.sub.69, R.sub.71, and R.sub.72 may each independently be a
hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,
a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a
hydrazine, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group and a salt thereof, a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a
salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cycloalkyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group. For
example, R.sub.51 to R.sub.58, R.sub.61 to R.sub.69, R.sub.71, and
R.sub.72 may each independently be at least one of a hydrogen atom,
a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,
a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an
ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl
group, and the like) and the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group (for
example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a
butoxy group, a pentoxy group, and the like); C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkyl group and the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, substituted with
a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,
a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof and a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof; phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, fluorenyl
group and pyrenyl group; and phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl
group, fluorenyl group and pyrenyl group, substituted with at least
one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano
group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a
hydrazine, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group and a salt thereof, a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a
salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkoxy group, but are not limited thereto.
In Formula 300, R.sub.59 may be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,
an anthryl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridyl group; and a phenyl
group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group and a
pyridyl group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a
halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an
amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof,
a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group.
For example, the hole injection and transport layer 111 may include
at least one of compound 301 to 320 below, but not limited
thereto.
##STR00002## ##STR00003## ##STR00004## ##STR00005## ##STR00006##
##STR00007## ##STR00008## ##STR00009## ##STR00010##
The thicknesses of the hole injection and transport layer 111 may
be from about 100 .ANG. to about 10 .mu.m, and in some embodiments,
may be from about 100 .ANG. to about 2000 .ANG.. When the thickness
of the HIL is within these ranges, an organic light emitting
electrode without a substantial increase in driving voltage may be
manufactured.
The first layer 114 is formed on the hole injection and transport
layer 111. The first layer 114 is a common layer including a light
emitting material capable of emitting the light having a third
color. The first layer 114 may be formed by using vacuum
deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser
printing, LITI, or the like. If the first layer 114 is formed by
using vacuum deposition or spin coating, conditions of deposition
may vary according to materials used, however, ranges of conditions
almost identical to those for manufacturing the hole injection and
transport layer 111 may generally be selected.
When the light having a third color is blue light, the first layer
114 may include a known blue light emitting material. For example,
the first layer 114 may include a known host and dopant.
Non-limiting examples of the known host are Alq.sub.3, CBP
(4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl),
9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), TPBI benzene
(1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene), TBADN
(3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene).
The dopant may be at least one of a fluorescent dopant and a
phosphorescent dopant. The phosphorescent dopant may be an organic
metal complex including iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os),
rhenium (Re), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), halfnium (III), or a
combination of at least two of these elements, but not limited
thereto.
Non-limiting examples of a blue dopant may comprise F.sub.2Irpic,
(F.sub.2ppy).sub.2Ir(tmd), Ir(dfppz).sub.3, ter-fluorene,
4,4'-bis[4-(diphenylamino)styryl]biphenyl (DPAVBi),
2,5,8,11-tetratert-butyl perylene (TBPe) and DPVBi.
##STR00011##
A thickness of the first layer 114 may be from about 100 .ANG. to
500 .ANG. and in some embodiments, may be from about 150 .ANG. to
about 300 .ANG.. When the thickness of the first layer is within
these ranges, an organic light emitting device 100 without a
substantial increase in driving voltage may be manufactured.
Also, the first auxiliary layer 112a contacting with the first
layer 114 and the second auxiliary layer 112b contacting with the
first layer 114 are formed. The first auxiliary layer 112a and the
second auxiliary layer 112b may be formed using a laser induced
thermal imaging (LITI) technique.
The first auxiliary layer 112a includes a first metallic compound,
and the second auxiliary layer 112b includes a second metallic
compound, wherein the first metallic compound may be a metallic
compound which makes a first thin film exclusively including
(consisting of) the first metallic compound to have a thin film
density of about 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater, and the second metallic
compound may be a metallic compound which makes a second thin film
exclusively including (consisting of) the second metallic compound
to have a thin film density of about 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater.
For example, the first metallic compound and the second metallic
compound may be oxidizing metallic compounds. Accordingly, each of
the first auxiliary layer 112a and the second auxiliary layer 112b
may have excellent conductivity and hole mobility, facilitating a
transportation of injected holes from the first electrode 103 to a
first EML 113a and a second EML 113b. As a result, the organic
light emitting device 100 may have low driving voltage, high
efficiency, high brightness, and the like.
For example, the first metallic compound and the second metallic
compound may each independently be an oxide or a halide including
at least one of Group 5 elements (for example, vanadium (V),
niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and the like), Group 6 elements (for
example, chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and the
like), Group 7 elements (for example, manganese (Mn), technetium
(Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), antimony (Sb), and copper (Cu). For
example, the first metallic compound and the second metallic
compound may each independently include at least one of tungsten
oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, rhenium oxide, iron
halide, tin halide, and copper halide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first
metallic compound and the second metallic compound may each
independently include at least one compound selected from WO,
W.sub.2O.sub.3, WO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, W.sub.2O.sub.5, VO,
V.sub.2O.sub.3, VO.sub.2, V.sub.2O.sub.5, MoO, Mo.sub.2O.sub.3,
MoO.sub.2, MoO.sub.3, Mo.sub.2O.sub.5, ReO.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3,
SbCl.sub.5, and CuI.
The first auxiliary layer 112a may further include a first organic
hole transport material, in addition to the first metallic compound
described above, and the second auxiliary layer 112b may further
include a second organic hole transport material, in addition to
the second metallic compound.
The first organic hole transport material and the second organic
hole transport material may be, for example, selected from
materials that can be used for the hole injection and transport
layer 111. For example, the first organic hole transport material
and the second organic hole transport material may each
independently include at least one compound represented by Formula
300 or Formula 350 above, but the present invention is not limited
thereto.
When the first auxiliary layer 112a further includes the first
organic hole transport material and when the second auxiliary layer
112b further includes the second organic hole transport material,
materials included in the hole injection and transport layer 111,
the first organic hole transport material and the second organic
hole transport material may be the same or different from each
other.
When the first auxiliary layer 112a further includes the first
organic hole transport material, content of the first metallic
compound in the first auxiliary layer 112a may be less than or
equal to 30 wt %, for example, about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt %,
based on 100 wt % of the first auxiliary layer 112a. When the
second auxiliary layer 112b further includes the second organic
hole transport material, content of second metallic compound in the
second auxiliary layer 112b may be less than or equal to 30 wt %,
for example, about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt %, based on 100 wt % of
the second auxiliary layer 112b.
The first EML 113a is formed on the first auxiliary layer 112a, and
the second EML 113b is formed on the second auxiliary layer 112b.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the light
having a first color emitted from the first EML 113a may be red
light, and the light having a second color emitted from the second
EML 113b may be green light. Meanwhile, the light having a third
color may be blue, wherein the light having a third color may be
emitted from the first layer 114. The light having a third color
may be emitted from the third subpixel region. In the first
subpixel, excitons are formed by recombination of holes and
electrons in the first EML 113a and not in the first layer 114.
Likewise, in the second subpixel, excitons are formed by
recombination of holes and electrons in the second EML 113b and not
in the first layer 114. Lastly, in the third subpixel, excitons are
formed by recombination of holes and electrons in the first layer
114. In other words, the excitons are not formed in the first layer
114 in either of the first subpixel or the second subpixel, and
thus blue light does not emit from the first subpixel or the second
subpixel. This phenomena is controlled by the first auxiliary layer
112a and the second auxiliary layer 112b. Accordingly, the organic
light emitting device 100 may emit in a full color.
Light emitting materials included in the first EML 113a and the
second EML 113b may be selected from known materials capable of
emitting corresponding colored lights.
Non-limiting examples hosts that may be included in the first EML
113a and the second EML 113b are each independently Alq.sub.3, CBP
(4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl),
9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), TCTA, TPBI
(1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene), and TBADN
(3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene).
Meanwhile, green and red dopants may be at least one of a
fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant. The phosphorescent
dopant may be an organic metal complex including Ir, Pt, Os, Re,
Ti, Zr, Hf, or a combination at least two of these elements, but
not limited thereto.
Non-limiting examples of known green dopants are Ir(ppy).sub.3
(ppy=phenylpyridine), Ir(ppy).sub.2(acac), and Ir(mpyp).sub.3.
##STR00012##
Non-limiting examples of known red dopants are PtOEP,
Ir(piq).sub.3, and BtpIr
##STR00013##
i) the first auxiliary layer 112a and the first EML 113a; and ii)
the second auxiliary layer 112b and the second EML 113b; are
separately patterned in the first subpixel region and the second
subpixel region, respectively. When these layers are formed by
using a LITI technique instead of a deposition technique,
manufacturing steps using masks may be omitted, thereby reducing
manufacturing costs.
An embodiment of forming i) the first auxiliary layer 112a and the
first EML 113a; and ii) the second auxiliary layer 112b and the
second EML 113b; is described below.
First, the substrate 101 on which plurality of first electrodes 103
may be formed and the hole injection and transport layer 111 and
the first layer 114 may be formed over all of the first subpixel
region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region
is provided.
Thereafter, according to an embodiment, a donor film for LITI
including a substrate layer 1, a light-to-heat conversion layer 3,
and a transfer layer 5 as shown in FIG. 2 is provided.
The substrate layer 1 may have transparency to allow transfer of
light to the light-to-heat conversion layer 3, and may include a
material having sufficient mechanical stability. For example, the
substrate layer 1 may be at least one polymer material selected
from among polyester, polyacryl, polyepoxy, polyethylene,
polystyrene, and polyethyleneterephthalate or glass.
The light-to-heat conversion layer 3 is a layer absorbing light
from visible and/or infrared regions and converts the light into
heat. The light-to-heat conversion layer 3 may have an appropriate
optical density and may include an optical absorption material. The
light-to-heat conversion layer 3 may include an inorganic thin film
including aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), oxides thereof, or sulfides
thereof or an organic thin film including a polymer including
carbon black, graphite or an infrared dye. The light-to-heat
conversion layer 3 may be formed by using vacuum deposition,
electron beam deposition, or sputtering. In some embodiments, the
light to heat conversion layer 3 may be formed using a general
coating technique, such as roll coating, gravure, launching, spin
coating, or knife coating, but the present invention is not limited
thereto.
The transfer layer 5 is a layer transferred to a surface of the
first layer 114 by being separated from the donor film for LITI 10
(i.e., the light-to-heat conversion layer 3) due to thermal energy
transferred from the light-to-heat conversion layer 3. Accordingly,
the transfer layer 5 may have a laminated structure in which an EML
material containing layer 5b including materials for the first EML
113a or the second EML 113b, and auxiliary layer material
containing layer 5a including materials for the first auxiliary
layer 112a or the second auxiliary layer 112b are sequentially
deposited from the light-to-heat conversion layer 3. Methods of
manufacturing the EML material containing layer 5b and the
auxiliary material containing layer 5a on the light-to-heat
conversion layer 3 may include various techniques, for example,
vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodget (LB),
inkjet printing, laser printing, and the like. The materials
included in each of the EML material containing layer 5b and the
auxiliary layer material containing layer 5a may be the same as
described with reference to the first EML 113a, the second EML
113b, the first auxiliary layer 112a, and the second auxiliary
layer 112b. Accordingly, the auxiliary layer material containing
layer 5a essentially includes the first metallic compound and/or
the second metallic compound described above.
Thereafter, the donor film for LITI 10 is located and fixed on the
first layer 114 such that the transfer layer 5 (i.e., the auxiliary
layer material containing layer 5a) contacts with the first layer
114, laser is irradiated on the substrate layer 1 of the dopant
film for LITI 10 to transfer the transfer layer 5 to the first
layer 114, and the light-and-heat conversion layer 3 and the
substrate layer 1 are removed to manufacture the first auxiliary
layer 112a and the first EML 113a and/or the second auxiliary layer
112b and the second EML 113b.
The first auxiliary layer 112a and the first EML 113a and/or the
second auxiliary layer 112b and the second EML 113b are layers
separately patterned m the first subpixel region and the second
subpixel region. Accordingly, when the layers are formed by using a
LITI technique instead of deposition technique that involves
complicated processes using masks, manufacturing costs and time may
be reduced.
In this regard, since the transfer layer 5 that is already formed
on the donor film for LITI 10 is transferred to the first layer
114, interfacial binding properties and planarizing properties
between the first layer 114 and the first auxiliary layer 112a and
between the first layer 114 and the second auxiliary layer 112b may
deteriorate.
In this regard, inventors of the present invention discovered that
when the first auxiliary layer 112a and the second auxiliary layer
112b are formed using a LITI technique, using inorganic materials
capable of providing high density thin films such as the first
metallic compound and the second metallic compound as described
above, as oxidizing materials that are used in the first auxiliary
layer 112a and the second auxiliary layer 112b to facilitate
transfer of injected holes from the first electrode 103 to the
first EML 113a and the second EML 113b, may achieve interfacial
planarization between the first layer 114 and the first auxiliary
layer 112a and between the first layer 114 and the second auxiliary
layer 112b. Interfacial planarization means that the overall
surface of the first layer 114 and the first auxiliary layer 112a
are attached to each other effectively and that the overall surface
of the first layer 114 and the second auxiliary layer 112b are
attached to each other effectively. This interfacial planarization
can make carriers be transported between the first layer 114 and
the first auxiliary layer 112a and between the first layer 114 and
the second auxiliary layer 112b more smoothly and thus can improve
brightness uniformity of the OLED.
The first metallic compound may be a metallic compound which makes
a first thin film exclusively including (consisting of) the first
metallic compound to have a thin film density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or
greater, and the second metallic compound may be a metallic
compound which makes a second thin film exclusively including
(consisting of) the second metallic compound to have a thin film
density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater. The auxiliary layer material
containing layer 5a may have a high density when including the
first metallic compound or the second metallic compound.
When the auxiliary layer material containing layer 5a having a high
density due to the inclusion of the first metallic compound and/or
the second metallic compound as described above is transferred onto
a surface of the first layer 114, adhesion between the auxiliary
layer material containing layer 5a and the first layer 114 may be
increased, leading to improved interfacial planarization between
the first auxiliary layer 112a and the first layer 114, and between
the second auxiliary layer 112b and the first layer 114.
Accordingly, luminance non-uniformity, i.e., luminance mura, in the
organic light emitting device 100 may substantially be prevented,
so that the organic light-emitting device 100 may have high
performance.
Thereafter, the electron transport layer 116, the electron
injection layer 118, and the second electrode 119 are sequentially
formed as common layers over the entirety of the first subpixel
region, the second subpixel region, and the third pixel. The
electron transport layer 116 may be formed by using vacuum
deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser
printing, LITI, and the like.
The electron transport layer 116 may include a known organic
electron transport material. For example, the electron transport
layer 116 may include at least one compound from anthracene-based
compounds represented by Formulae 10A, 10B, and 10C, and a compound
represented by Formula 20A:
##STR00014##
In Formulas 10A to 10C, Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may each
independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60
aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group.
For example; the Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may each independently be
one of phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a anthryl group, a pyrenyl
group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a
pyrimidyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a anthryl
group, a pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a
pyrazinyl group and a pyrimidyl group, substituted with at least
one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl
group and a pyrimidyl group, but not limited thereto.
The Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may be identical to each other, but not
limited thereto.
L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 of Formulas 10A to 10C may each independently
be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene groups
or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene
groups.
For example, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may each independently be one of a
phenylene group, a naphtyllene group, an anthrylene group, a
pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl
group, and a pyrimidinylene group; and a phenylene group, a
naphthylene group, an anthrylene group, a pyrenyl group, a
fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group and a
pyrimidinyl group, substituted with at least one of a phenyl group,
a naphthyl group, a anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl
group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl
group, but not limited thereto.
In Formulas 10A to 10C, a and b may each independently to be 0, 1,
or 2. For example, in Formulas 10A to 10C, a and b may each
independently be 0 or 1.
For example, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 in Formulas 10A to 10C may be one
of a benzoimidazoyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl
group, a benzopyrimidinyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, a
quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinazolyl group, pyridinyl
group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenyl group, a
naphthyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl
group, and a phenanthrenyl group; and a benzoimidazoyl group, a
benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzopyrimidinyl
group, an imidazopyridinyl group, a quinolyl group, a isoquinolyl
group, a quinazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group,
a pyrazinyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrenyl
group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl group and a phenanthrenyl
group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium, -fluorine
(--F), -chlorine (--Cl), -Bromine (--Br), -Iodine (--I), -cyanide
(--CN), a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino
group, a hydrazine, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt
thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60
alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60
aryl group, and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group.
R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 in Formula 10C may each independently be a
methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a
pentyl group, a hexyl group, a phenyl group, or a naphthyl group,
but not limited thereto.
The organic electron transport materials included in the electron
transport layer 116 may be one of Compounds 200 to 210 below, but
not limited thereto:
##STR00015## ##STR00016## ##STR00017## ##STR00018##
##STR00019##
Meanwhile, T.sub.1 to T.sub.3 in Formula 20A may all be N; T.sub.1
may be C(R.sub.100); T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 may be N; or T.sub.1 to
T.sub.3 may all be C(R.sub.100), but are not limited thereto.
Ar.sub.201 to Ar.sub.203 in Formula 20A may each independently be a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group.
The Ar.sub.201 to Ar.sub.203 may each independently be a phenylene
group, a naphthylene group, an anthrylene group, a pyrenylene
group, a fluorenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene
group, and a pyrimidinylene group; and a phenylene group, a
naphthylene group, an anthrylene group, a pyrenylene group, a
fluorenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, and
a pyrimidinylene group, substituted with at least one of a phyenyl
group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a
fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group and a
pyrimidinyl group, but are not limited thereto.
p, q, and r in Formula 20A may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.
For example, p, q, and r in Formula 20A may each independently be 0
or 1, but are not limited thereto.
Ar.sub.211 to Ar.sub.213 in Formula 20A may each independently be
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group. For
example, Ar.sub.211 to Ar.sub.213 may each independently a
substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazolyl group, a substituted
or unsubstituted benzoxazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzothiazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzopyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
imidazopyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted chrysenyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, or a substituted or
unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the organic
electron transport material included in the electron transport
layer 116 may be selected from among Compounds 600 to 604 below,
but is not limited thereto:
##STR00020## ##STR00021##
Meanwhile, the electron transport layer 116 may further include
lithium complexes such as lithium quinolate, in addition to the
organic electron transport materials described above.
A thickness of the electron transport layer 116 may be from about
300 .ANG. to about 500 .ANG., and in some embodiments, may be from
about 300 .ANG. to about 400 .ANG.. When the thickness of the
electron transport layer 116 is within these ranges, satisfactory
electron transport capabilities may be obtained without a
substantial increase in driving voltage.
The electron injection layer 118 may use a known random material,
for example, materials facilitating injection of electrons from the
second electrode 119, for example, LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li.sub.2O, BaO,
or the like. The deposition conditions may vary according to the
material used for forming the electron injection layer 118;
however, conditions may generally be selected from ranges almost
identical to manufacturing the hole injection and transport layer
111.
The thickness of the electron injection layer 118 may be from about
1 .ANG. to about 100 .ANG., and in some embodiments, may be from
about 3 .ANG. to about 90 .ANG.. When the thickness of the electron
injection layer 118 is within these ranges, satisfactory electron
injecting capabilities may be obtained without a substantial
increase in driving voltage.
The second electrode 119 is formed as a common layer on the
electron injection layer 118. The second electrode 119 may be a
cathode that is an electron injection electrode. In this regard,
the second electrode 119 may be formed of metal, an alloy, an
electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof that
have a low work function. For example, the second electrode 119 may
be formed as transparent electrode, a semi-transparent electrode,
or a reflective electrode, using lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg),
aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al--Li), calcium (Ca),
magnesium-indium (Mg--In), magnesium-silver (Mg--Ag), or the
like.
Turning now to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 illustrates an organic light emitting
display device 200 according to a second embodiment of the present
invention. Referring now to FIG. 3, a substrate 201 of an organic
light emitting device 200 includes a first subpixel region, a
second subpixel region, and a third subpixel region. A plurality of
first electrodes 203 are formed as separate patterns in the first
subpixel region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel
region, respectively. A pixel defining layer 205 is formed on an
edge of each of the first electrodes 203 to define the first
subpixel region, the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel
region. The first layer 214 is formed as a common layer over the
entirety of the first subpixel region, the second subpixel region,
and the third subpixel region. In the first subpixel region, a
first auxiliary layer 212a contacting with a surface of the first
layer 214 is formed, a first EML 213a emitting light having a first
color is formed on the first auxiliary layer 212a, and a first
resonance control layer 215a is formed on the first EML 213a.
Meanwhile, in the second subpixel region, a second auxiliary layer
212b contacting with a surface of the first layer 214 is formed, a
second EML 213b emitting light having a second color is formed on
the second auxiliary layer 212b, and a second resonance control
layer 215b is formed on the second EML 213b. Also, a second layer
215c including a light emitting material capable of emitting light
having a third color, a hole injection and transport layer 211, and
a second electrode 219 are laminated sequentially as common layers
over the entirety of the first subpixel region, the second subpixel
region, and the third subpixel region. The first electrode 203 in
the organic light emitting device 200 in FIG. 2 is an electrode for
injecting electrons, the second electrode 119 is an electrode for
injecting holes, and directions of movements of the electrons and
holes are shown in FIG. 3.
In FIG. 3, the light having a first color, the light having a
second color, and the light having a third color may be, for
example, red, green and blue, respectively. Accordingly, the
organic light emitting device 200 may emit in a full color. The
light having a first color, the light having a second color, and
the light having a third color may be in any of a variety of
colors, not limited to the red light, the green light, and the blue
light provided that a mixed light thereof may be a white light.
The substrate 201 and the pixel defining layers 205 may be the same
as described with reference to the substrate 101 and the pixel
defining layers 105 in FIG. 1.
The plurality of the first electrodes 203 in FIG. 3 are electron
injection electrodes. The first electrodes 203 may be the same as
described with reference to the second electrode 119 in FIG. 2,
except that the first electrodes 203 are formed as separate
patterns in the subpixel regions, respectively.
The first layer 214 in FIG. 3 is an electron transport layer. For
detailed descriptions of the organic electron transport materials
and the like that may be included in the first layer 214 are the
same as described with reference to the electron transport layer
116 in FIG. 1.
The first auxiliary layer 212a, the first EML 213a, and the first
resonance control layer 215a are formed sequentially in the first
subpixel region in FIG. 3. The second auxiliary layer 212b, the
second EML 213b and the second resonance control layer 215b are
formed sequentially in the second subpixel region.
The first auxiliary layer 212a and the second auxiliary layer 212b
may be formed to contact a surface of the first layer 214, and may
be formed by using a LITI technique. The first auxiliary layer 212a
may include a first metallic compound, and the second auxiliary
layer 212b may include a second metallic compound. The first
metallic compound may be a metallic compound which makes a first
thin film exclusively including (consisting of) the first metallic
compound to have a thin film density of 2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater,
and the second metallic compound may be a metallic compound which
makes a second thin film exclusively including (consisting of) the
second metallic compound to have a thin film density of 2
g/cm.sup.3 or greater.
For example, the first metallic compound and the second metallic
compound may be reducing metallic compounds. As a result, each of
the first auxiliary layer 212a and the second auxiliary layer 212b
may have excellent conductivity and electron mobility, facilitating
a transportation of the injected electrons from the first
electrodes 203 to the first EML 213a and the second EML 213b.
Accordingly, the organic light emitting device 200 may have low
driving voltage, high efficiency, and high luminance.
The first metallic compound and the second metallic compound may
each independently be a halide (for example, fluoride, chloride,
and iodide), an oxide, a nitride, a oxynitride, or a salt (for
example, carbonate and the like) including at least one of alkali
metals (for example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),
rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and the like) and alkaline earth metals
(for example, beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca),
strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and the like). The first metallic
compound and the second metallic compound may further include at
least one of aluminum (Al), boron (B), tungsten (W), and silicon
(Si), in addition to the above-described alkali metals and alkaline
earth metals.
For example, the first metallic compound and the second metallic
compound may each independently include at least one compound
selected from among lithium fluoride, potassium fluoride, cesium
fluoride, rubidium fluoride, lithium oxide, rubidium oxide, cesium
oxide, lithium aluminate, lithium borate, lithium chloride,
rubidium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium
aluminate, sodium tungsten oxide, potassium silicon oxide, lithium
carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, rubidium
carbonate, cesium carbonate, beryllium carboxide, beryllium
carbonate, magnesium carboxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide,
calcium carbonate, strontium carboxide, strontium carbonate, barium
carboxide, and barium carbonate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first
metallic compound and the second metallic compound may each
independently include at least one of LiF, KF, CsF, RbF, NaF,
LiO.sub.2, Li.sub.2O.sub.2, Rb.sub.2O.sub.2, Cs.sub.2O,
LiAlO.sub.2, LiBO.sub.2, LiCl, RbCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, KAlO.sub.2,
Na.sub.2WO.sub.4, K.sub.2SiO.sub.3, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, LiCO.sub.3,
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaCO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, KCO.sub.3,
RbCO.sub.3, RbCO.sub.3, Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsCO.sub.3, BeCO,
BeCO.sub.3, MgCO, MgCO.sub.3, CaO, Ca.sub.2CO.sub.3, CaCO.sub.3,
SrCO, SrCO.sub.3, BaCO and BaCO.sub.3.
The first auxiliary layer 212a may further include the first
organic electron transport material in addition to the first
metallic compound, and the second auxiliary layer 212b may further
include a second organic electron transporting material in addition
to the second metallic compound, respectively.
The first organic electron transport material and the second
electron transport material may be, for example, selected from
materials capable of being used for the electron transport layer
116 in FIG. 1. When the first auxiliary layer 212a further includes
a first organic electron transport material and the second
auxiliary layer 212b further includes a second organic electron
transport material, the materials included in the first layer 214,
the first organic electron transport material, and the second
organic electron transport material may be the same or different
each other.
When the first auxiliary layer 212a further includes a first
organic electron transport material, content of the first metallic
compound in the first auxiliary layer 212a may be less than or
equal to about 30 wt %, for example, from about 0.1 wt % to about
25 wt %, based on 100 wt % of the first auxiliary layer 212a. When
the second auxiliary layer further includes a second organic
electron transport material, content of the second metallic
compound in the second auxiliary layer 212b may be less than about
30 wt %, for example, from about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt %, based
on 100 wt % of the second auxiliary layer 212b.
The first EML 213a is formed on the first auxiliary layer 212a, and
the second EML 213b is formed on the second auxiliary layer 212b.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the light
having a first color emitted from the first EML 213a may be red
light, and the light having a second color emitted from the second
EML 213b may be green light. Meanwhile, the light having a third
color may be blue light emitted from the third subpixel region, for
example, from the second layer 215c located in the third subpixel
region. Accordingly, the organic light emitting device 200 may emit
in a full color.
The first EML 213a may be the same as described with reference to
the first EML 113a in FIG. 1, and the second EML 213b may be the
same as described with reference to the first EML 113b in FIG.
1.
The first resonance control layer 215a provides a resonance pathway
for efficiently emitting the light having a first color out of the
organic light emitting device due to constructive interference, and
the second resonance control layer 215b provides a resonance
pathway for efficiently emitting the light having a second color
out of the organic light emitting device due to constructive
interference. The materials that may be included in the first
resonance control layer 215a and the second resonance control layer
215b may be the same as described with reference to the materials
that may be included in the hole injection and transport layer 111
in FIG. 1. In the second embodiment of FIG. 3, each of i) the first
auxiliary layer 212a, the first EML 213a and the first resonance
control layer 215a; and ii) the second auxiliary layer 212b, the
second EML 213a, and the second resonance layer 215b are layers
separately patterned in the first subpixel region and the second
subpixel region, and if these layers are formed by using a LITI
technique, processes such as mask using process may be omitted,
resulting in a reduced manufacturing cost. Herein, using inorganic
materials capable of providing high density thin films such as the
first metallic compound and the second metallic compound as
described above, as reducing materials that are used in the first
auxiliary layer 212a and the second auxiliary layer 212b to
facilitate transfer of injected electrons from the first electrode
203 to the first EML 213a and the second EML 213b, may achieve
interfacial planarization between the first layer 214 and the first
auxiliary layer 212a and between the first layer 214 and the second
auxiliary layer 212b. Accordingly, luminance non-uniformity, i.e.,
luminance mura, in the organic light emitting device 200 is
substantially prevented, so that the organic light-emitting device
200 may have high performance.
Thereafter, the second layer 215c, the hole injection and transport
layer 211, and the second electrode 219 are common layers that are
sequentially formed over the entirety of the first subpixel region,
the second subpixel region, and the third subpixel region. The
second layer 215c may include a light emitting material capable of
emitting the light having a third color, and the materials included
in the second layer 215c may be same as described with reference to
the materials included in the first layer 114 in FIG. 1, and the
hole injection and transport layer 211 may be the same as described
with reference to the hole injection and transport layer 111 in
FIG. 1. The second electrode 219 may be the same as described with
reference to the first electrodes 103 in FIG. 1, except that the
second electrode 219 is formed as a common layer.
Although described with reference to the organic light emitting
devices of FIGS. 1 to 3, embodiments of the present invention are
not limited thereto. For example, the organic light emitting device
200 in FIG. 3 may be modified not to include the first resonance
control layer 215a and/or the second resonance control layer
215b.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and
described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will
be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various
changes in form and details may be made therein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by
the following claims.
* * * * *