U.S. patent number RE47,357 [Application Number 15/172,840] was granted by the patent office on 2019-04-16 for systems and methods for adjusting system tests based on detected interference.
This patent grant is currently assigned to CommScope Technologies LLC. The grantee listed for this patent is CommScope Technologies LLC. Invention is credited to Scott Stratford.
United States Patent |
RE47,357 |
Stratford |
April 16, 2019 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Systems and methods for adjusting system tests based on detected
interference
Abstract
Embodiments of the present invention provide improved systems
and methods for adjusting system tests based on detected
interference. In one embodiment, a system comprises a host unit; a
system test controller to control the performance of system tests,
wherein a system test to detect the reception of an interfering
signal comprises disabling the generation of tones for transmission
through the communication system. The system also comprises
multiple remote antenna units communicatively coupled to the system
test controller to transmit signals to multiple wireless terminals,
wherein a remote antenna unit comprises: an antenna; a transceiver,
coupled to the antenna; a signal detector that measures reverse and
forward power of signals transmitted to and received from the
antenna; and a microcontroller to control the antenna unit, wherein
upon receiving a command to perform interference testing, the
microcontroller adjusts a subsequent test based on measurements of
the reverse power by the signal detector.
Inventors: |
Stratford; Scott (Campbell,
CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
CommScope Technologies LLC |
Hickory |
NC |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
CommScope Technologies LLC
(Hickory, NC)
|
Family
ID: |
49235657 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/172,840 |
Filed: |
June 3, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
Reissue of: |
13433407 |
Mar 29, 2012 |
8744390 |
Jun 3, 2014 |
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W
24/08 (20130101); H04W 24/08 (20130101); H04B
17/12 (20150115); H04B 17/12 (20150115); H04B
7/022 (20130101); H04W 88/085 (20130101); H04B
1/40 (20130101); H04W 88/085 (20130101); H04B
1/40 (20130101); H04B 7/022 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04B
17/00 (20150101); H04B 17/12 (20150101); H04W
24/08 (20090101); H04B 7/022 (20170101); H04W
88/08 (20090101); H04B 1/40 (20150101) |
Field of
Search: |
;455/226.1 ;343/703 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
US. Patent and Trademark Office, "Notice of Allowance", "from U.S.
Appl. No. 13/433,407", dated Feb. 28, 2014, pp. 1-14, Published in:
US. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Nguyen; Minh Dieu
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fogg & Powers LLC
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for testing a distributed antenna system (DAS)
.Iadd.that generates at least one tone.Iaddend., the method
comprising: disabling generation of .Iadd.the .Iaddend.at least one
tone, where the at least one tone is transmitted to a remote
antenna unit; measuring at least one of .[.the.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.reverse power and .[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.forward power
at the remote antenna unit; .Iadd.and.Iaddend. determining.Iadd.,
when there is no tone being transmitted through the remote antenna,
.Iaddend.whether the remote antenna unit is receiving an
interfering signal based on at least one of the measured reverse
power and the measured forward power.[.; and adjusting at least one
subsequent system test based on the determination of whether the
remote antenna unit is receiving an interfering signal.]..
2. The method of claim 1, .Iadd.further comprising adjusting at
least one subsequent system test based on the determination of
whether the remote antenna unit is receiving the interfering
signal, .Iaddend.wherein adjusting the at least one subsequent
.Iadd.system .Iaddend.test comprises at least one of: adjusting
.[.the.]. performance of a system test .Iadd.in the at least one
subsequent system test .Iaddend.to detect a disconnected antenna;
and adjusting .[.the.]. performance of gain calibration.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting the performance of gain
calibration comprises preventing the remote antenna unit from
adjusting .[.the.]. gain for signals transmitted by the
.Iadd.remote .Iaddend.antenna unit.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the performance of gain
calibration comprises: alternating the generation and disablement
of the at least one tone; measuring the reverse power with
.[.the.]. at least one signal detector.[...]..Iadd.;.Iaddend.
calculating a difference between the measured reverse power when
the at least one tone is generated and the measured reverse power
when the at least one tone is disabled; subtracting the difference
from the measured reverse power when the at least one tone is
generated; and setting .[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.gain of the
remote antenna unit based on .[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.result of
the subtraction.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting the performance of a
system test to detect a disconnected antenna comprises: alternating
the generation and disablement of the at least one tone; measuring
the reverse power with .[.the.]. at least one signal
detector.[...]..Iadd.;.Iaddend. calculating a difference between
the measured reverse power when the at least one tone is generated
and the measured reverse power when the at least one tone is
disabled; subtracting the difference from the measured reverse
power when the at least one tone is generated; and determining
whether an antenna is connected based on the result of the
subtraction.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising setting an alarm based
on the determination of whether the remote antenna unit is
receiving .[.an.]. .Iadd.the .Iaddend.interfering signal.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring the reverse
power and the forward power multiple times when the generation of
the at least one tone is disabled to form a reverse power
measurement set and a forward power measurement set.
8. The method of claim .[.7.]. .Iadd.1.Iaddend., wherein .[.the
multiple measurements are gathered sporadically.].
.Iadd.coordinating the generation of the at least one test tone
comprises disabling the generation of the at least one
tone.Iaddend..
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: calculating a reverse
power average from a subset of the reverse power measurement set
and a forward power average from a subset of the forward power
measurement set; and comparing the reverse power average against
the forward power average.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reverse power samples in the
subset of the reverse power measurement set are associated with
forward power samples in the subset of the forward power
measurement set.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the remote
antenna unit is receiving the interfering signal based on the
measured reverse power and the measured forward power comprises
determining whether a measured reverse power exceeds an
interference threshold, wherein the interference threshold is a
signal power level between an antenna disconnect alarm threshold
and a noise floor for .[.the.]. at least one signal detector.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the remote
antenna unit is receiving the interfering signal based on the
measured reverse power and the measured forward power comprises
determining whether the measured reverse power exceeds the measured
forward power by a predetermined power level.
13. An antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising: at least one
antenna; a transceiver, coupled to the at least one antenna; at
least one signal detector that measures reverse power and forward
power of signals transmitted to and received from the at least one
antenna; and a microcontroller configured to control .[.the.].
operation of the antenna unit, wherein upon receiving a command
from a system test controller to perform interference testing, the
microcontroller directs the at least one signal detector to measure
the reverse power of signals passing through the antenna unit when
the antenna unit is not receiving a tone for transmission to the at
least one antenna.[., wherein the microcontroller adjusts at least
one subsequent test based on the measured reverse power.]..
14. The antenna unit of claim 13, .Iadd.wherein the microcontroller
adjusts at least one subsequent test based on the measured reverse
power, .Iaddend.wherein adjusting the at least one subsequent test
comprises at least one of: adjusting .[.the.]. performance of a
system test to detect a disconnected antenna when .[.the.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.difference between the measured reverse power and the
measured forward power exceeds an interference threshold; and
adjusting .[.the.]. performance of gain calibration.
15. The antenna unit of claim 14, wherein adjusting the performance
of gain calibration comprises preventing the antenna unit from
adjusting .[.the.]. gain for signals transmitted by the antenna
unit.
16. The antenna unit of claim 14, wherein adjusting the performance
of gain calibration comprises: measuring reverse power in .[.the.].
presence of a calibration tone and without .[.the.]. presence of
the calibration tone; calculating a difference between the measured
reverse power in the presence of the calibration tone and the
measured reverse power without the presence of the calibration
tone; subtracting the difference from the measured reverse power
with the presence of the calibration tone; and setting .[.the.].
.Iadd.a .Iaddend.gain of the antenna unit based on .[.the.].
.Iadd.a .Iaddend.result of the subtraction.
17. The antenna unit of claim 14, wherein the interference
threshold is a signal power level between an antenna disconnect
alarm threshold and a noise floor for the at least one signal
detector.
18. The antenna unit of claim 13, wherein the antenna unit sets an
alarm based on the difference between the reverse power and the
forward power.
19. The antenna unit of claim 13, wherein a signal detector in the
at least one signal detector is dedicated to measuring reverse
power and forward power in a specific communication band.
20. The antenna unit of claim 13, wherein the at least one signal
detector gathers multiple measurements of the reverse power and the
forward power multiple times to form a reverse power measurement
set and a forward power measurement set during the interference
testing.
21. The antenna unit of claim 20, wherein the multiple measurements
are gathered sporadically during the interference testing.
22. The antenna unit of claim 20, wherein measuring the reverse
power of signals passing through the antenna unit when the antenna
unit is not receiving a tone for transmission comprises: creating a
reverse power average from a subset of the reverse power
measurement set and a forward power average from a subset of the
forward power measurement set; and comparing the reverse power
average against the forward power average.
23. The antenna unit of claim 20, wherein a reverse power
measurement and a forward power measurement in the multiple
measurements of the reverse power and the forward power are
associated with one another.
24. The antenna unit of claim .[.13.]. .Iadd.14.Iaddend., wherein
adjusting at least one subsequent system test comprises adjusting
the at least one subsequent system test when the measured reverse
power exceeds the forward power by a predetermined power level.
25. The antenna unit of claim 13, wherein the antenna unit is a
remote antenna unit in a distributed antenna system.
26. A communication system comprising: .[.a host unit;.]. at least
one system test controller configured to control .[.the.].
performance of system tests on the communication system, wherein
the at least one system test controller performs a test to detect
.[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.reception of an interfering signal
comprising disabling .[.the.]. generation of tones for transmission
through the communication system; and a plurality of remote antenna
units communicatively coupled to the at least one system test
controller configured to communicatively transmit signals to a
plurality of wireless terminals, wherein a remote antenna unit in
the plurality of remote antenna units comprises: at least one
antenna; a transceiver, coupled to the at least one antenna; at
least one signal detector that measures reverse power and forward
power of signals transmitted to and received from the at least one
antenna; and a microcontroller configured to control the operation
of the .Iadd.remote .Iaddend.antenna unit.[., wherein upon
receiving a command from the system test controller to perform
interference testing, the microcontroller adjusts at least one
subsequent test.]. based on measurements of the reverse power
.Iadd.and the forward power .Iaddend.by the at least one signal
detector.
27. The communication system of claim 26, wherein the plurality of
remote antenna units comprises at least one master remote antenna
unit and at least one slave remote antenna unit, wherein the tones
generated by the at least one system test controller are
transmitted to the at least one master remote antenna unit, and
from the at least one master remote antenna unit to the at least
one slave remote antenna unit.
.Iadd.28. The communication system of claim 26, wherein
coordinating the generation of tones comprises disabling the
generation of tones for transmission through the communication
system..Iaddend.
.Iadd.29. The antenna unit of claim 13, wherein the reverse power
of signals passing through the antenna unit are measured when the
antenna unit is not receiving a tone..Iaddend.
Description
.Iadd.This application is a reissue of application Ser. No.
13/433,407, filed Mar. 29, 2012, which issued as U.S. Pat. No.
8,744,390..Iaddend.
BACKGROUND
When a distributed antenna system (DAS) performs a system test or
calibration procedure, interfering in-band signals of sufficient
strength can negatively impact the test and calibration
performance. For example, in some tests, a tone is generated for
transmission over a remote antenna unit (RAU) antenna. When a
detector detects a strong reverse power, the system interprets the
reverse power as a tone that was reflected by an incorrectly
terminated transmission line, which indicates that the RAU antenna
is electrically disconnected. However, when the antenna is
connected, a received interfering signal in combination with the
generated tone can cause high reverse power that can lead the
system test to misinterpret the reverse power as a disconnected
antenna. The misinterpreted reverse power can lead the system to
falsely raise an alarm indicating that the RAU antenna is
disconnected.
For the reasons stated above and for other reasons stated below
which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading
and understanding the specification, there is a need in the art for
improved systems and methods for interference monitoring.
SUMMARY
The embodiments of the present invention provide systems and
methods for external frit mounted components and will be understood
by reading and studying the following specification.
Embodiments of the present invention provide improved systems and
methods for adjusting system tests based on detected interference.
In one embodiment, a system comprises a host unit; at least one
system test controller configured to control the performance of
system tests on the communication system, wherein the at least one
system test controller performs a test to detect the reception of
an interfering signal comprising disabling the generation of tones
for transmission through the communication system. The system also
comprises a plurality of remote antenna units communicatively
coupled to the at least one system test controller configured to
communicatively transmit signals to a plurality of wireless
terminals, wherein a remote antenna unit in the plurality of remote
antenna units comprises: at least one antenna; a transceiver,
coupled to the at least one antenna; at least one signal detector
that measures reverse power and forward power of signals
transmitted to and received from the at least one antenna; and a
microcontroller configured to control the operation of the antenna
unit, wherein upon receiving a command from a system test
controller to perform interference testing, the microcontroller
adjust at least one subsequent test based on measurements of the
reverse power by the at least one signal detector.
DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention can be more easily understood
and further advantages and uses thereof more readily apparent, when
considered in view of the description of the preferred embodiments
and the following figures in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a communication
system for detecting an interfering signal.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a distributed
antenna system that is able to detect an interfering signal.
FIG. 3 is a table illustrating the combination of a calibration
tone level and an interfering signal in relation to an antenna
disconnect alarm threshold according to one embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a table illustrating multiple measurements of both
forward power and reverse power in the absence of a calibration
tone according to one embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for performing a
system test according to one embodiment.
In accordance with common practice, the various described features
are not drawn to scale but are drawn to emphasize features relevant
to the present invention. Reference characters denote like elements
throughout figures and text.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the
accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is
shown by way of specific illustrative embodiments in which the
invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in
sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice
the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments
may be utilized and that logical, mechanical and electrical changes
may be made without departing from the scope of the present
invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to
be taken in a limiting sense.
Embodiments described in the present application prevent
interfering signals from causing false alarms during a system test.
For example, when performing a system test of a remote antenna unit
(RAU) in a distributed antenna system (DAS), the system generates
an in-band tone that is passed through the system. The level of the
generated tone is detected at various points throughout the system
to check for failures in the operation of the DAS. In one
implementation, the system test begins by attempting to detect the
presence of strong interfering signals before other tests are
performed, where the interfering signal is either in or out of the
communications bands communicated by the RAU. To detect the
interfering signal, a test controller in the DAS disables any
generated tones and downlink RF signals transmitted to the RAU.
When the transmissions are disabled, a detector monitors the
reverse power received by the RAU and the forward power being
transmitted to the DAS. The DAS then compares the detected reverse
power against the detected forward power and against an
interference threshold. If the reverse power is sufficiently large
in comparison to the forward power and/or exceeds the interference
threshold when there is no tone being transmitted through the RAU,
the system test adjusts other tests in the system tests to prevent
false alarms from arising due to the interfering signal.
FIG. 1 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a communication
system 100 that performs a system test to detect interfering
signals. During normal operation, communication system 100 can
function as part of a DAS for transporting radio frequency signals
between one or more upstream devices (for example, a base station
transceiver, wireless access points, or other sources of radio
frequency signals) and one or more downstream wireless devices (for
example, a mobile phone, a laptop, and the like). In one
embodiment, communication system 100 includes a hub unit 106 and
multiple remote antenna units 112, which are attached to antennas
113. In one implementation, when transmitting a radio frequency
signal to a downstream wireless device, hub unit 106 receives the
signals from an upstream device that is intended for the downstream
wireless device and transmits the signal to an RAU 112 where the
signal is radiated through antenna 113 for reception by the
wireless device.
In certain embodiments, RAU 112 includes a transceiver 108.
Transmitter receiver 108 provides a communication interface between
hub unit 106 and RAU 112. For example, transceiver 108 receives
signals from hub unit 106 to be transmitted over antenna 113.
Likewise, transceiver 108 receives signals through antenna 113 for
transmission to hub unit 106. In a further implementation, when a
signal is transmitted from transceiver 108 to antenna 113, the
signal passes through a coupler 111. Coupler 111 couples the signal
to a signal power detector 115. Signal power detector 115 measures
the power of the signals that are transmitted to and from antenna
113 as both forward and reverse power. When the signal power
detector 115 measures the signal power, it transmits the power
measurements to a microcontroller 110.
In at least one embodiment, communication system 100 includes a
system test controller 104. System test controller 104 controls
system tests that check the integrity of uplink and downlink paths
throughout communication system 100. System test controller 104
performs system tests when commanded by a user, upon power up, and
according to a schedule. In certain exemplary implementations,
system tests that are performed by system test controller 104
include coordinating test tone generation with the disabling of
generated tones and downlink transmissions such that RAU 112 can
monitor for interfering signals, calibrate the gain, check for
disconnected antennas, and the like.
In certain implementations, an interfering signal source 120 can
produce an interfering signal that can affect the operation of the
system tests performed by system test controller 104. For example,
interfering signal source 120 can be a separate distributed antenna
system that is in close proximity to communication system 100. In
at least one implementation, the interfering signal source 120
produces a signal that interferes with a test to detect whether an
antenna 113 is connected to an RAU 112. To detect a disconnected
antenna, system test controller 104 directs RAUs 112 to begin an
antenna disconnect test. In the antenna disconnect test, signal
power detectors 115 in RAUs 112 monitor both the reverse power and
the forward power of generated reference tones transmitted through
RAUs 112 and compare the reverse power against an antenna
disconnect alarm threshold. When the signal power detectors 115
measure a reverse power that exceeds the antenna disconnect alarm
threshold, microcontrollers 110 in RAUs 112 determine that the
reverse power indicates that the forward signal is being reflected
by an unmatched termination. In some embodiments, an unmatched
termination occurs when antennas 113 are not connected correctly to
RAUs 112. However, when the antennas are correctly connected to
RAUs 112, the antennas 113 can respond to an interfering signal,
which is transmitted toward RAUs 112 and appears as reverse power
to the signal power detectors in RAUs 112. If the interfering
signal received by RAUs 112 is sufficiently strong such that when
it combines with small reflected transmissions already being
transmitted through RAUs 112 the interfering signal in combination
with the reflected transmission can produce a reverse power that
exceeds the antenna disconnect alarm threshold. When the reverse
power exceeds the antenna disconnect alarm threshold, the signal
power detectors 115 and RAUs 112 interpret the strong reverse power
caused from the interfering signal as indicating that antennas 113
are disconnected and consequently, raise a false alarm indicating
to a user that the antennas 113 are disconnected.
In at least one exemplary embodiment, a strong interfering signal
further impacts other system tests. For example, system test
controller 104 directs RAUs 112 to calibrate the gain for forward
signals transmitted through RAUs 112. During the gain calibration,
the system test controller 104 directs RAUs 112 to adjust gain
based on the detected level of a calibrated reference tone that is
transmitted to RAUs 112. A strong interfering signal received
through the antenna ports of RAUs 112 can affect the measurement of
the reference tone by signal power detectors 115 in RAUs 112, which
in turn affects the gain calibration.
To prevent a strong interfering signal produced by interfering
signal source 120 from causing false alarms and errors during the
conducting of other tests, system test controller 104 performs an
initial test to detect whether a strong interfering signal is being
received by communication system 100. To perform the check for an
interfering signal, system test controller 104 disables downlink
and calibration tones that are transmitted to RAUs 112 at the
beginning of the system tests. When the tones are disabled, the
signal power detectors in each individual RAU 112 will measure the
reverse power and forward power and then compare the measurements
to determine the level of interference received by each RAU 112.
When the reverse power and forward power is measured by the signal
power detectors 115 in the RAUs 112 or each individual RAU 112, the
measurement is used by the RAUs 112 to determine whether or not
particular subsequent system tests should be performed. In one
exemplary embodiment, when the interfering signal is sufficiently
strong, the RAUs 112 will not perform either a test to check if the
antenna is disconnected or a test to calibrate the gain when
instructed by system test controller 104.
In certain embodiments, to determine that the interfering signal is
sufficiently strong such that the antenna disconnect test should
not be performed, the signal power detectors 115 in RAUs 112
measure both the reverse power and the forward power through RAUs
112. When the reverse power is sufficiently large when compared to
the forward power and a threshold, the system test controller 104
will disable the antenna disconnect test and alarm. Further, if the
interference is within some threshold of a gain calibration target,
then the gain of RAUs 112 will not adjust their gain correctly and
a new alarm is set that indicates that an interfering signal is
impeding the performance of the gain calibration. In at least one
embodiment, a user can disable the alarms through the use of a
human machine interface. Further, the human machine interface
indicates to a user that an external signal is preventing system
tests.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a communication network 200.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, communication network 200
includes a base station 230, which is communicatively coupled to
DAS 201. In certain embodiments, DAS 201 is used to transport radio
frequency signals between one or more upstream devices (for
example, base station 230, wireless access points, or other sources
of radio frequency signals) and one or more downstream wireless
devices (for example, wireless terminals 216).
Base station 230 manages communication among wireless terminals
216, and between wireless terminals 216 and other communication
networks that are coupled to base station 230. In one embodiment,
base station 230 manages communication between wireless terminals
216 and a public switched telephone network (PSTN). In this
embodiment, for example, communication network 200 is a
cellular/PCS system and base stations 230 communicates with a base
station controller which acts as a voice/PSTN gateway to the PSTN.
In another embodiment, base station 230 manages communication
between wireless terminals 216 and an internet protocol (IP)-based
network (such as the internet via communication with an IP
gateway). In at least this implementation, base station 230
performs baseband processing on IP data from an IP gateway and
places the IP data onto a channel. In one embodiment, base station
230 is an IEEE 802.16 compliant base station. Optionally, base
station 230 may also meet the requirements of WiMax, WiBro, LTE, or
other consortium. In yet other embodiments, base station 230
comprises multiple functionalities including managing
communications between both a PSTN and an IP-based network.
DAS 201 comprises a host unit 202 communicatively coupled to base
station 230. Host unit 202 provides an interface through which DAS
201 can be controlled and configured by a user. Further, host unit
202 is communicatively coupled with remote unit 214. In certain
embodiments, host unit 202 communicates with other host units in
other DASs through remote unit 214. For example, a campus, having
multiple buildings, has a separate DAS 201 installed in the
different buildings. To facilitate communications between the
different DASs 201 in the individual buildings, the host units 202
accompanied with each individual DAS 201 communicate with each
other through their corresponding remote unit 214.
In a further embodiment, host unit 202 in DAS 201 is also
communicatively coupled to intermediate frequency (IF) remote unit
204, which in turn is coupled to IF hub 206. In certain
implementations, the host unit 202 is coupled to multiple
combinations of IF remote units 204 and IF hub 206. Further, the
combination of IF remote unit 204 and IF hub 206 are coupled to
multiple master RAUs 208. The IF remote unit 204 and IF hub 206
receive a signal from host unit 202 and reproduces the signal for
transmission to master RAUs 208. In a further implementation, IF
remote unit 204 receives a digital signal from host unit 202 and
converts the digital signal into an analog signal for transmission
to master RAUs 208. IF hub 206 receives the analog signal and
splits the analog signal for transmission to separate master RAUs
208. Alternatively, IF remote unit 204 and IF hub 206 receive an
analog signal and repeat the analog signal for transmission to
master RAUs 208. The master RAUs 208 function as expansion units
and transmit signals to slave RAUs 212. Slave RAUs 212 transmit the
signal to wireless terminals 216. In certain embodiments, master
RAUs 208 are also able to transmit signals to wireless terminals
216. When transmitting, the slave RAUs 212 and master RAUs 208 mix
the signal up to a transmission frequency for transmission of the
signal in a particular communication band. For example, master RAUs
208 and slave RAUs 212 are capable of mixing an IF analog signal
received from IF hub 206 into multiple frequency bands that include
700 MIMO, SMR800, Cell, PCS, AWS, and the like.
When base station 230 receives information to communicate to a
destination wireless terminal 216 through DAS 201, base station 230
transmits the information to the IF remote unit 204 and IF hub 206
which directs the signal to the RAUs for transmission to the
destination wireless terminal 216. In one embodiment, the IF remote
unit 204 and IF hub 206 transmit the information to master RAUs 208
which both transmit the information through an antenna for
reception by the destination wireless terminal 216 and transmit the
information to slave RAUs 212. When a slave RAU 212 receives the
information, the slave RAU 212 repeats the information and
transmits the information through an antenna for reception by the
destination wireless terminal 216.
As described above, a system test is performed to check the IF/RF
integrity of the communication paths through DAS 201. In one
embodiment, the system test is performed on the entire DAS 201 or a
series of communication paths through master RAUs 208 and slave
RAUs 212 simultaneously. Alternatively, the system test can perform
a communication band specific tests on an individual communication
paths through master RAUs 208 and slave RAUs 212 when the master
RAUs 208 and slave RAUs 212 are designed to transmit signals in
specific communication bands. When performing the system test of
the IF/RF integrity of the communication paths through DAS 201, the
system test tests the portions of the DAS 201 that exist between IF
remote unit 204 and slave RAUs 212. To control the system tests, IF
remote unit 204 includes a system test controller 205. System test
controller 205 controls the system tests in the communication paths
that runs through IF remote unit 204 through any downstream RAUs
208, such as master RAUs 208 and slave RAUs 212 by controlling the
generation and disabling of reference tones.
Further, in certain embodiments, the different components of DAS
201 include detectors 210 to aid in the performance of the system
test. For example, IF hub 206, master RAUs 208, and slave RAUs 212
include detectors 210. Detectors 210 are used for different
functions depending on their location within DAS 210. For example,
detector 210 in IF Hub 206 is used to isolate failures in the IF
hub 206. The detectors 210 in master RAUs 208 allows for the
ongoing integrity check between the IF hub 206 and the master RAUs
208. The detectors 210 in slave RAUs 212 allow for the validation
of slave specific RF circuitry as well as for adjusting the gain of
the slave RAUs 212. In at least one embodiment, the slave RAUs 212
include multiple detectors 210 that are dedicated to a particular
band, such that a detector 210 validates only the RF circuitry that
is used for transmissions over a particular communication band.
In certain embodiments, system test controller 205 performs a
system test when initiated by a user (for example, through a web
interface connected to host unit 202). Alternatively, system test
controller 205 performs system tests upon power up or according to
a specified schedule. At the beginning of system test, system test
controller 205, in IF remote unit 204, disables all generated radio
frequency and calibration tones that are transmitted through master
RAUs 208 and slave RAUs 212. During the operation of system test,
detectors 210 in slave RAUs 212 monitor both the forward and
reverse power through the slave RAUs 212. As described above, in
the presence of a generated RF or calibration tone, when the
detectors measure a reverse power that is high in comparison to the
forward power, slave RAUs 212 determine that the high reverse power
is indicative of a disconnected antenna. However, when there is no
generated RF or calibration tone, the slave RAUs 212 will interpret
the high reverse power as indicative of an interfering signal. When
the slave RAUs 212 determine that there is an interfering signal,
the slave RAUs 212 adjust the performance of future system tests
that would be adversely affected by the presence of an interfering
signal. In certain implementations, the slave RAUs 212 indicate to
the system test controller 205 that there is an interfering signal
present that can interfere with the conducting of future system
tests. When slave RAUs 212 indicate that an interfering signal is
present, the interfering signal can be a signal produced by an
interfering signal source 220, like a neighboring DAS or other
communication systems, that produces a signal within one of the
bands that is sufficiently strong to cause a false alarm indicating
that an antenna is disconnected when received by slave RAUs
212.
In one embodiment, when checking for the interfering signal, the
system test controller 205 transmits a command to slave RAUs 212 at
the beginning of system test that instructs the slave RAUs 212 to
measure the forward and reverse power. In one embodiment, system
test controller 205 receives the measurements from the slave RAUs
212 and processes the measurements and compares the measurements
against an interference threshold. Alternatively, the RAUs 212
compare the measurements against each other and the interference
threshold. If the measurements exceed the interference threshold,
the slave RAUs 212 will not perform certain tests when instructed
by the system test controller 205 because slave RAUs 212 adjust the
system tests to prevent the interfering signal from causing false
alarms. Conversely, if the processed measurements do not exceed the
threshold, the system tests proceed normally as instructed by
system test controller 205.
FIG. 3 is a table 300 comparing the addition of an interfering
signal level 302 with a reflected calibration tone 310 against an
antenna disconnect alarm threshold. When an RAU 212 in FIG. 2
receives a calibration tone and an interfering signal, the
combination of signals can be sufficiently strong to cause a false
alarm during an antenna disconnect test. As shown in at least the
present embodiment, the signal levels of the combination of
interfering signals with reflected calibration tones can be divided
into three categories. The first category 304 includes combinations
of interfering signal levels 302 and reflected calibration tone
levels 310 that exceed the alarm threshold. The second category 306
includes combinations of interfering signal levels 302 and
reflected calibration tone levels 310 that are within a certain
level of the alarm threshold. For example, as shown in table 300,
the combination of signal levels within second category 306 are
less than 3 dB below the alarm threshold. The third category 308
includes combinations of interfering signal levels 302 and
reflected calibration tone levels 310 that are substantially below
the alarm threshold, such that a false antenna disconnect alarm is
improbable. For example, as shown in table 300, the combination of
signal levels in third category 308 are greater than 3 dB below the
alarm threshold.
In at least one embodiment, the values illustrated in table 300 are
used to determine where to set an interference threshold for
determining an interfering signal level that is substantially
strong to merit the disabling of future system tests. The
interference threshold is a value that is below the antenna
disconnect alarm threshold by a predefined amount. For example, in
one implementation shown in table 300, when the reflected cal tone
level is 0 dB relative to the alarm threshold, an interfering
signal level of 10 dB below the reflected cal tone level may cause
the alarm threshold to give a false alarm even though the reflected
cal tone level does not exceed the antenna disconnect alarm
threshold. To prevent the interfering signal level from causing a
false antenna disconnect alarm, the interference threshold is set
to 10 dB below the antenna disconnect alarm threshold.
In certain embodiments, the interference threshold is dependent on
the noise floor of the detector. In one embodiment, a slave RAU 212
as shown in FIG. 2 includes a different detector for each
communication band, where each communication band has a different
associated noise floor. The detectors that transmit through slave
RAUs 212 are able to detect forward and reverse power levels that
are above the noise floor. Because detectors 210 in slave RAUs 212
are only able to detect forward and reverse power levels that are
above the noise floor, the interference threshold is a power level
that is greater than the noise floor.
Further, the antenna disconnect alarm threshold is also dependent
on the noise floor of the detector and is different for different
communication bands in the slave RAUs 212. Further, in at least one
embodiment, antenna disconnect alarm thresholds are determined
empirically based on measurements of the noise floor and measured
values of signals reflected by a disconnected antenna. Also, the
identification of the antenna disconnect alarm threshold and the
noise floor for the detector identifies the possible values for the
interference threshold as the interference threshold is less than
the antenna disconnect alarm and greater than the noise floor and
can be different for each communication band through the slave RAUs
212.
In certain embodiments, the slave RAUs 212 use multiple
measurements to determine that the antennas connected to slave RAUs
212 in FIG. 2 are receiving an interfering signal. FIG. 4
illustrates tables 400 showing multiple measurements gathered by a
detector 210 during the system test to determine if the DAS 201 is
in the presence of an interfering signal or if the antenna is
disconnected. In the example shown in tables 400, the detector 210
measures both the forward power to gather a forward power
measurement set 402 and the reverse power to gather a reverse power
measurement set 404. The detector 210 can gather the forward power
measurements and the reverse power measurements when gathering
antenna disconnect alarm measurements 410 or interfering signal
test measurements 412. When performing the interfering signal test,
the detector 210 measures both the forward and reverse power a set
number of times to ensure that there is an interfering signal that
is capable of interfering with future system tests before future
system tests are adjusted. For example, as shown in table 400, the
detector 210 measures both the forward power and the reverse power
10 times when gathering the interfering signal test measurements
412. In one implementation, the reverse power and the forward power
is measured sporadically so that measurements are not periodically
taken of an interfering signal when the period of the measurements
matches the period of the interfering signal. Also, when the
measurements are taken of both the forward and reverse power, the
detectors 210 associate the measurements taken of the reverse power
with the measurements taken of the forward power such that both
associated measurements were taken at approximately the same
time.
When the detector has gathered the measurements and formed both the
reverse power measurement set 404 and the forward power measurement
set 402, the slave RAUs 212 (or a master RAU 208) process the
measured data to determine if an interfering signal was received or
if an antenna is disconnected. In one implementation, to determine
if an interfering signal was received, the slave RAUs 212 identify
the three highest values of the forward power measurement set 402
to create a forward power sample set 406. The slave RAUs 212 then
identify the reverse power measurements that are associated with
the forward power sample set 406, shown in interfering signal test
measurements 412. The RAUs 212 then compare the associated reverse
power measurements with the forward power measurements in the
forward power sample set 406. The forward power measurements in the
forward power sample set 406 are averaged together. The reverse
power measurements associated with the forward power measurements
in the forward power sample set 406 are likewise averaged together.
The slave RAUs 212 use the averaged power values to determine if
the reverse power exceeds the interference threshold.
In a further implementation, to determine if an antenna is
disconnected, the slave RAUs 212 identify the three highest values
of the reverse power measurement set 404 to form a reverse power
sample set 408, shown in antenna disconnect alarm measurements 410.
The RAUs 212 then compare the associated forward power measurements
with the reverse power measurements in the reverse power sample set
408. The reverse power measurements in the reverse power sample set
408 are averaged together. The forward power measurements
associated with the reverse power measurements in the reverse power
sample set 408 are likewise averaged together. The slave RAUs 212
use the averaged power values to determine if the reverse power
exceeds the antenna disconnect alarm threshold.
In certain embodiments, the interference threshold is the greater
of a determined level below the antenna disconnect alarm threshold
and a level that is 2 dB greater than the measured forward power.
In one example, where the determined signal level is 10 dB below
the antenna disconnect alarm threshold, detectors 210 in slave RAUs
212 in FIG. 2 detect both the forward power and the reverse power
when the slave RAUs 212 are not receiving a generated tone from an
upstream device. The slave RAUs 212 then determine whether the
measured reverse power is greater than 10 dB below the antenna
disconnect alarm threshold. If the reverse power is less than 10 dB
below the antenna disconnect alarm threshold, the slave RAUs 212
then determine whether the reverse power is 2 dB greater than the
forward power. If the reverse power is less than 10 dB below the
antenna disconnect alarm threshold and greater than 2 dB above the
forward power, the reverse power is determined to result from an
interfering signal that can affect the performance of other system
tests.
In a further embodiment, the interference threshold used for gain
calibration is the same as the interference threshold used for the
antenna disconnect alarm threshold. Alternatively, the interference
threshold used to determine whether an interfering signal will
affect gain calibration is set to a predetermined signal level
below a calibration target. For example, the interference threshold
for gain calibration is set at a signal level of 8 dB below the
calibration target signal level. When the detectors 210 detect a
reverse power that is less than 8 dB below the calibration target,
the slave RAUs 212 determine that an interfering signal is present
that will prevent the proper gain calibration of slave RAUs 212. In
an alternative embodiment, signal detectors on the slave RAUs 212
make alternating measurements of the reverse power with and without
the presence of a calibration tone. The difference between the two
measurements is used to identify the level of the interfering
signal. The interfering signal level can then be subtracted from
future measurements during the adjustment of the gain and the
performance of an antenna disconnect test for the slave RAUs
212.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 500 for testing a
DAS. Method 500 begins at 502 with the disabling of tone
generation. For example, a system test controller generates
calibration tones during the system test of a DAS, where a system
controller transmits the calibration tones to an RAU. To check for
an interfering signal, the system test controller disables the
generation of the tones that are transmitted to an RAU, such that
there are no signals being transmitted through the RAU.
Method 500 proceeds at 504 where forward power and reverse power
are measured. In one exemplary implementation, a signal detector on
an RAU measures the reverse power and the forward power of signals
that pass through the RAU when there are no signals being
transmitted to the RAU for transmission to wireless terminals.
Further, the RAU can have separate signal detectors for both
forward and reverse measurements and separate signals for multiple
communication bands, which separate signals are measured by the
signal detectors.
Method 500 proceeds at 506 where the system determines if the RAU
is receiving a strong interfering signal. For example, in at least
one implementation, the RAU compares the reverse and forward power
measurements against each other and against an interference
threshold to determine if the RAU is receiving a strong interfering
signal. If the reverse power exceeds the threshold, then the RAU
determines that a strong interfering signal is being received. In
certain embodiments, the interference threshold is based on
thresholds used in other system tests. In at least one example, the
interference threshold is set at a predetermined value below a
threshold for performing an antenna disconnect alarm test and/or a
calibration target. Alternatively, the interference threshold is
based on the measured forward power. For example, the interference
threshold can be 2 dB above the measured forward power. In one
implementation, the interference threshold is the greater of the
predetermined value below the threshold for performing an antenna
disconnect alarm test and a signal level that is 2 dB above the
measured forward power.
When the RAU determines that a strong interfering signal is being
received, method 500 proceeds at 508 where at least one system test
is adjusted. For example, when the RAU determines that an
interfering signal is sufficiently strong enough to interfere with
subsequent system tests, some system tests, like an antenna
disconnect test are not executed, while other system tests like a
gain calibration test is adjusted to compensate for the presence of
an interfering signal. When the RAU determines that an interfering
signal is not being received, method 500 proceeds at 510 where
normal system tests are performed.
EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
Example 1 includes a method for testing a distributed antenna
system (DAS), the method comprising disabling generation of at
least one tone, where the at least one tone is transmitted to a
remote antenna unit; measuring at least one of the reverse power
and the forward power at the remote antenna unit; determining
whether the remote antenna unit is receiving an interfering signal
based on at least one of the measured reverse power and the
measured forward power; and adjusting at least one subsequent
system test based on the determination of whether the remote
antenna unit is receiving an interfering signal.
Example 2 includes the method of Example 1, wherein adjusting the
at least one subsequent test comprises at least one of adjusting
the performance of a system test to detect a disconnected antenna;
and adjusting the performance of gain calibration.
Example 3 includes the method of Example 2, wherein adjusting the
performance of gain calibration comprises preventing the remote
antenna unit from adjusting the gain for signals transmitted by the
antenna unit.
Example 4 includes the method of Example 3, wherein adjusting the
performance of gain calibration comprises alternating the
generation and disablement of the at least one tone; measuring the
reverse power with the at least one signal detector. Calculating a
difference between the measured reverse power when the at least one
tone is generated and the measured reverse power when the at least
one tone is disabled; subtracting the difference from the measured
reverse power when the at least one tone is generated; and setting
the gain of the remote antenna unit based on the result of the
subtraction.
Example 5 includes the method of any of Examples 2-4, wherein
adjusting the performance of a system test to detect a disconnected
antenna comprises alternating the generation and disablement of the
at least one tone; measuring the reverse power with the at least
one signal detector. Calculating a difference between the measured
reverse power when the at least one tone is generated and the
measured reverse power when the at least one tone is disabled;
subtracting the difference from the measured reverse power when the
at least one tone is generated; and determining whether an antenna
is connected based on the result of the subtraction.
Example 6 includes the method of any of Examples 1-5, further
comprising setting an alarm based on the determination of whether
the remote antenna unit is receiving an interfering signal.
Example 7 includes the method of any of Examples 1-6, further
comprising measuring the reverse power and the forward power
multiple times when the generation of the at least one tone is
disabled to form a reverse power measurement set and a forward
power measurement set.
Example 8 includes the method of Example 7, wherein the multiple
measurements are gathered sporadically.
Example 9 includes the method of Example 7 or 8, further comprising
calculating a reverse power average from a subset of the reverse
power measurement set and a forward power average from a subset of
the forward power measurement set; and comparing the reverse power
average against the forward power average.
Example 10 includes the method of Example 9, wherein the reverse
power samples in the subset of the reverse power measurement set
are associated with forward power samples in the subset of the
forward power measurement set.
Example 11 includes the method of any of Examples 1-10, wherein
determining whether the remote antenna unit is receiving the
interfering signal based on the measured reverse power and the
measured forward power comprises determining whether a measured
reverse power exceeds an interference threshold, wherein the
interference threshold is a signal power level between an antenna
disconnect alarm threshold and a noise floor for the at least one
signal detector.
Example 12 includes the method of any of Examples 1-11, wherein
determining whether the remote antenna unit is receiving the
interfering signal based on the measured reverse power and the
measured forward power comprises determining whether the measured
reverse power exceeds the measured forward power by a predetermined
power level.
Example 13 includes an antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising at
least one antenna; a transceiver, coupled to the at least one
antenna; at least one signal detector that measures reverse power
and forward power of signals transmitted to and received from the
at least one antenna; and a microcontroller configured to control
the operation of the antenna unit, wherein upon receiving a command
from a system test controller to perform interference testing, the
microcontroller directs the at least one signal detector to measure
the reverse power of signals passing through the antenna unit when
the antenna unit is not receiving a tone for transmission to the at
least one antenna, wherein the microcontroller adjusts at least one
subsequent test based on the measured reverse power.
Example 14 includes the antenna unit of Example 13, wherein
adjusting the at least one subsequent test comprises at least one
of adjusting the performance of a system test to detect a
disconnected antenna when the difference between the measured
reverse power and the measured forward power exceeds an
interference threshold; and adjusting the performance of gain
calibration.
Example 15 includes the antenna unit of Example 14, wherein
adjusting the performance of gain calibration comprises preventing
the antenna unit from adjusting the gain for signals transmitted by
the antenna unit.
Example 16 includes the antenna unit of Examples 14 or 15, wherein
adjusting the performance of gain calibration comprises measuring
reverse power in the presence of a calibration tone and without the
presence of the calibration tone; calculating a difference between
the measured reverse power in the presence of the calibration tone
and the measured reverse power without the presence of the
calibration tone; subtracting the difference from the measured
reverse power with the presence of the calibration tone; and
setting the gain of the antenna unit based on the result of the
subtraction.
Example 17 includes the antenna unit of any of Examples 14-16,
wherein the interference threshold is a signal power level between
an antenna disconnect alarm threshold and a noise floor for the at
least one signal detector.
Example 18 includes the antenna unit of any of Examples 13-17,
wherein the antenna unit sets an alarm based on the difference
between the reverse power and the forward power.
Example 19 includes the antenna unit of any of Examples 13-18,
wherein a signal detector in the at least one signal detector is
dedicated to measuring reverse power and forward power in a
specific communication band.
Example 20 includes the antenna unit of any of Examples 13-19,
wherein the at least one signal detector gathers multiple
measurements of the reverse power and the forward power multiple
times to form a reverse power measurement set and a forward power
measurement set during the interference testing.
Example 21 includes the antenna unit of Example 20, wherein the
multiple measurements are gathered sporadically during the
interference testing.
Example 22 includes the antenna unit of Example 20 or 21, wherein
measuring the reverse power of signals passing through the antenna
unit when the antenna unit is not receiving a tone for transmission
comprises creating a reverse power average from a subset of the
reverse power measurement set and a forward power average from a
subset of the forward power measurement set; and comparing the
reverse power average against the forward power average.
Example 23 includes the antenna unit of any of Examples 20-22,
wherein a reverse power measurement and a forward power measurement
in the multiple measurements of the reverse power and the forward
power are associated with one another.
Example 24 includes the antenna unit of any of Examples 13-23,
wherein adjusting at least one subsequent system test comprises
adjusting the at least one subsequent system test when the measured
reverse power exceeds the forward power by a predetermined power
level.
Example 25 includes the antenna unit of any of Examples 13-24,
wherein the antenna unit is a remote antenna unit in a distributed
antenna system.
Example 26 includes a communication system comprising a host unit;
at least one system test controller configured to control the
performance of system tests on the communication system, wherein
the at least one system test controller performs a test to detect
the reception of an interfering signal comprising disabling the
generation of tones for transmission through the communication
system; and a plurality of remote antenna units communicatively
coupled to the at least one system test controller configured to
communicatively transmit signals to a plurality of wireless
terminals, wherein a remote antenna unit in the plurality of remote
antenna units comprises at least one antenna; a transceiver,
coupled to the at least one antenna; at least one signal detector
that measures reverse power and forward power of signals
transmitted to and received from the at least one antenna; and a
microcontroller configured to control the operation of the antenna
unit, wherein upon receiving a command from the system test
controller to perform interference testing, the microcontroller
adjusts at least one subsequent test based on measurements of the
reverse power by the at least one signal detector.
Example 27 includes the communication system of Example 26, wherein
the plurality of remote antenna units comprises at least one master
remote antenna unit and at least one slave remote antenna unit,
wherein the tones generated by the at least one system test
controller are transmitted to the at least one master remote
antenna unit, and from the at least one master remote antenna unit
to the at least one slave remote antenna unit.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described
herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the
art that any arrangement, which is calculated to achieve the same
purpose, may be substituted for the specific embodiment shown. This
application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of
the present invention. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that
this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents
thereof.
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