U.S. patent number RE47,150 [Application Number 15/208,498] was granted by the patent office on 2018-12-04 for optimized monoclonal antibodies against tissue factor pathway inhibitor (tfpi).
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bayer HealthCare LLC. The grantee listed for this patent is Bayer HealthCare LLC. Invention is credited to Joerg Birkenfeld, Simone Bruckner, Joanna Grudzinska-Goebel, Junliang Pan, Peter Scholz, Susanne Steinig, Jan Tebbe, Christian Votsmeier, Zhuozhi Wang, Nina Wobst.
United States Patent |
RE47,150 |
Wang , et al. |
December 4, 2018 |
Optimized monoclonal antibodies against tissue factor pathway
inhibitor (TFPI)
Abstract
Isolated monoclonal antibodies that bind human tissue factor
pathway inhibitor (TFPI) are provided. Isolated nucleic acid
molecules encoding monoclonal antibodies that bind TFPI are also
contemplated. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the anti-TFPI
monoclonal antibodies and methods of treating deficiencies or
defects in coagulation by administration of the antibodies are also
provided. Methods of producing the antibodies are also
provided.
Inventors: |
Wang; Zhuozhi (Millbrae,
CA), Pan; Junliang (Moraga, CA), Grudzinska-Goebel;
Joanna (Berlin, DE), Votsmeier; Christian
(Cologne, DE), Tebbe; Jan (Cologne, DE),
Birkenfeld; Joerg (Frankfurt am Main, DE), Wobst;
Nina (Koln, DE), Bruckner; Simone (Cologne,
DE), Steinig; Susanne (Cologne, DE),
Scholz; Peter (Kleve, DE) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Bayer HealthCare LLC |
Whippany |
NJ |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Bayer HealthCare LLC (Whippany,
NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
44542552 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/208,498 |
Filed: |
July 12, 2016 |
PCT
Filed: |
March 01, 2011 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/US2011/026766 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
August 31, 2012 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2011/109452 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
September 09, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
61309290 |
Mar 1, 2010 |
|
|
|
Reissue of: |
13582401 |
Mar 1, 2011 |
9309324 |
Apr 12, 2016 |
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07K
16/38 (20130101); A61P 43/00 (20180101); A61P
7/04 (20180101); C07K 16/38 (20130101); A61P
7/02 (20180101); C07K 2317/55 (20130101); C07K
2319/21 (20130101); A61K 2039/505 (20130101); A61K
2039/505 (20130101); C07K 2317/565 (20130101); C07K
2319/21 (20130101); C07K 2317/92 (20130101); C07K
2317/76 (20130101); C07K 2317/55 (20130101); C07K
2317/565 (20130101); C07K 2317/76 (20130101); C07K
2317/92 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61K
39/395 (20060101); C07K 16/38 (20060101); A61K
39/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;530/387.3 |
References Cited
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|
Primary Examiner: Ponnaluri; Shri
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Joyce; Timothy H.
Claims
We claim:
1. An isolated human monoclonal .[.IgG.]. antibody that binds
specifically to human tissue factor pathway (TFPI) inhibitor,
wherein the antibody comprises .[.at least.]. one .Iadd.or more
.Iaddend.amino acid .[.substitution.]. .Iadd.substitutions,
comprising.Iaddend.: (a) a human heavy chain comprising: a CDR 1
region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 41.[.,
optionally comprising a substitution at N32 relative to SEQ ID NO:
3.].; a CDR2 region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID
NO: 42.[., optionally comprising a substitution selected from the
group consisting of K55 and D62 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3.].; a CDR3
region that binds specifically to TFPI and has the amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 43; .[.optionally comprising a
substitution at Y112 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3, optionally, an amino
acid substitution at G44 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3;.]. and (b) a
human light chain comprising: a CDR1 region with the amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 44.[., optionally comprising a
substitution of a position selected from the group consisting of
S32 and N35 and combinations thereof relative to SEQ ID NO: 4.].; a
CDR2 region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 45; a
CDR3 region that binds specifically to TFPI and has the amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 46.Iadd.; wherein the one or more
amino acid substitutions is selected from the group consisting of:
N32 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within the CDR1 region of the human
heavy chain; K55 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within the CDR2 region of
the human heavy chain; D62 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within the CDR2
region of the human heavy chain; Y112 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3
within the CDR3 region of the human heavy chain; G44 relative to
SEQ ID NO: 3 within the human heavy chain; S32 relative to SEQ ID
NO: 4 within CDR1 of the human light chain; and N35 relative to SEQ
ID NO: 4 within CDR1 of the human light chain.Iaddend..
2. An isolated human monoclonal .[.IgG.]. antibody that binds
specifically to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI),
wherein the antibody comprises: (a) a human heavy chain comprising:
a CDR 1 region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 41,
comprising a substitution of N32 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3, a CDR2
region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 42,
comprising at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO: 3
selected from the group consisting of K55Y and D62R and
combinations thereof; a CDR3 region that binds specifically to TFPI
and has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 43 comprising a
substitution .[.relative to SEQ ID NO: 43.]. of Y112D relative to
SEQ ID NO: 3, and a substitution relative to SEQ ID No. 3 of G44S;
and (b) a human light chain comprising: a CDR1 region with the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 44, comprising at least one
substitution selected from the group consisting of S32R and N35I
relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 and combinations thereof; a CDR2 region
with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 45, a CDR3 region
that binds specifically to TFPI and has the amino acid sequence
shown in SEQ ID NO: 46.
3. The antibody of claim 1.Iadd., wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of N32 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR1 region of the human heavy chain, and .Iaddend.wherein the
substitution at N32 is N32D.
4. The antibody of claim 1.Iadd., wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of K55 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR2 region of the heavy chain, and .Iaddend.wherein the
substitution of K55 is K55Y.
5. The antibody of claim 1.Iadd., wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of G44 within the human heavy chain,
and .Iaddend.wherein the substitution of G44 is G44S.
6. The antibody of claim 1.Iadd., wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of D62 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR2 region of the human heavy chain, and .Iaddend.wherein the
substitution of D62 is D62R.
7. The antibody of claim 1.Iadd., wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of Y112 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR3 region of the human heavy chain, and .Iaddend.wherein the
substitution of Y112 is Y112D.
8. The antibody of claim 1.Iadd., wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of S32 relative to SEQ ID NO:4 within
the CDR1 region of the human light chain, and .Iaddend.wherein the
substitution of S32 is S32R.
9. The antibody of claim 1.Iadd., wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of N35 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 within
the CDR1 region of the human light chain, and .Iaddend.wherein the
substitution of N35 is N35I.
10. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the amino .Iadd.acid
.Iaddend.at position 1 of the heavy chain relative to SEQ ID NO: 3
is Q.
.Iadd.11. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an IgG
antibody..Iaddend.
.Iadd.12. A method of treating a subject suffering from hemophilia
A or hemophilia B, comprising administering to the subject a
therapeutically effective amount of an isolated human monoclonal
antibody that binds specifically to human tissue factor pathway
(TFPI) inhibitor, wherein the antibody comprises one or more amino
acid substitutions, comprising: (a) a human heavy chain comprising:
a CDR 1 region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 41;
a CDR2 region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 42;
a CDR3 region that binds specifically to TFPI and has the amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 43; and (b) a human light chain
comprising: a CDR 1 region with the amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO: 44; a CDR2 region with the amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO: 45; a CDR3 region that binds specifically to TFPI and
has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 46; wherein the one
or more amino acid substitutions is selected from the group
consisting of: N32 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within the CDR1 region
of the human heavy chain; K55 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within the
CDR2 region of the human heavy chain; D62 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3
within the CDR2 region of the human heavy chain; Y112 relative to
SEQ ID NO: 3 within the CDR3 region of the human heavy chain: G44
relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within the human heavy chain; S32 relative
to SEQ ID NO: 4 within CDR1 of the human light chain; and N35
relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 within CDR1 of the human light
chain..Iaddend.
.Iadd.13. A method of treating a subject suffering from hemophilia
A or hemophilia B, comprising administering to the subject a
therapeutically effective amount of an isolated human monoclonal
antibody that binds specifically to human tissue factor pathway
inhibitor (TFPI), wherein the antibody comprises: (a) a human heavy
chain comprising: a CDR1 region with the amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO: 41, comprising a substitution of N32 relative to SEQ
ID NO: 3; a CDR2 region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ
ID NO: 42, comprising at least one substitution selected from the
group consisting of K55Y, D62R, and a combination thereof, relative
to SEQ ID NO: 3; a CDR3 region that binds specifically to TFPI and
has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 43 comprising a
substitution of Y112D relative to SEQ ID NO: 3; and a substitution
relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 of G44S; and (b) a human light chain
comprising: a CDR1 region with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ
ID NO: 44, comprising at least one substitution selected from the
group consisting of S32R, N35I, and a combination thereof, relative
to SEQ ID NO: 4; a CDR2 region with the amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO: 45; and a CDR3 region that binds specifically to TFPI
and has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
46..Iaddend.
.Iadd.14. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is suffering
from hemophilia A..Iaddend.
.Iadd.15. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is suffering
from hemophilia B..Iaddend.
.Iadd.16. The method of claim 12, wherein the antibody is an IgG
antibody..Iaddend.
.Iadd.17. The method of claim 12, wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of N32 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR1 region of the human heavy chain, and wherein the
substitution at N32 is N32D..Iaddend.
.Iadd.18. The antibody of claim 12, wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of K55 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR2 region of the heavy chain, and wherein the substitution of
K55 is K55Y..Iaddend.
.Iadd.19. The method of claim 12, wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of G44 within the human heavy chain,
and wherein the substitution of G44 is G44S..Iaddend.
.Iadd.20. The method of claim 12, wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of D62 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR2 region of the human heavy chain, and wherein the
substitution of D62 is D62R..Iaddend.
.Iadd.21. The method of claim 12, wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of Y112 relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 within
the CDR3 region of the human heavy chain, and wherein the
substitution of Y112 is Y112D..Iaddend.
.Iadd.22. The method of claim 12, wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of S32 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 within
the CDR1 region of the human light chain, and wherein the
substitution of S32 is S32R..Iaddend.
.Iadd.23. The method of claim 12, wherein the antibody comprises
the amino acid substitution of N35 relative to SEQ ID NO:4 within
the CDR1 region of the human light chain, and wherein the
substitution of N35 is N35I..Iaddend.
.Iadd.24. The antibody of claim 12, wherein the amino acid at
position 1 of the heavy chain relative to SEQ ID NO: 3 is
Q..Iaddend.
Description
This application is .Iadd.is an application for reissue of U.S.
Pat. No. 9,309,324, which issued from U.S. application Ser. No.
13/582,401, filed Aug. 31, 2012, which is .Iaddend.a national phase
of International Application No. PCT/US2011/026766, filed Mar. 1,
2011, which .[.is.]. claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/309,290 filed Mar. 1, 2010.
SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMISSION
The Sequence Listing associated with this application is filed in
electronic format via EFS-Web and hereby incorporated by reference
into the specification in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Provided are isolated monoclonal antibodies and fragments thereof
that bind human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI).
BACKGROUND
Blood coagulation is a process by which blood forms stable clots to
stop bleeding. The process involves a number of proenzymes and
procofactors (or "coagulation factors") that are circulating in the
blood. Those proenzymes and procofactors interact through several
pathways through which they are converted, either sequentially or
simultaneously, to the activated form. Ultimately, the process
results in the activation of prothrombin to thrombin by activated
Factor X (FXa) in the presence of Factor Va, ionic calcium, and
platelets. The activated thrombin in turn induces platelet
aggregation and converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which is then
cross linked by activated Factor XIII (FXIIIa) to form a clot.
The process leading to the activation of Factor X can be carried
out by two distinct pathways: the contact activation pathway
(formerly known as the intrinsic pathway) and the tissue factor
pathway (formerly known as the extrinsic pathway). It was
previously thought that the coagulation cascade consisted of two
pathways of equal importance joined to a common pathway. It is now
known that the primary pathway for the initiation of blood
coagulation is the tissue factor pathway.
Factor X can be activated by tissue factor (TF) in combination with
activated Factor VII (FVIIa). The complex of Factor VIIa and its
essential cofactor, TF, is a potent initiator of the clotting
cascade.
The tissue factor pathway of coagulation is negatively controlled
by tissue factor pathway inhibitor ("TFPI"). TFPI is a natural,
FXa-dependent feedback inhibitor of the FVIIa/TF complex. It is a
member of the multivalent Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors.
Physiologically, TFPI binds to activated Factor X (FXa) to form a
heterodimeric complex, which subsequently interacts with the
FVIIa/TF complex to inhibit its activity, thus shutting down the
tissue factor pathway of coagulation. In principle, blocking TFPI
activity can restore FXa and FVIIa/TF activity, thus prolonging the
duration of action of the tissue factor pathway and amplifying the
generation of FXa, which is the common defect in hemophilia A and
B.
Indeed, some preliminary experimental evidence has indicated that
blocking the TFPI activity by antibodies against TFPI normalizes
the prolonged coagulation time or shortens the bleeding time. For
instance, Nordfang et al. showed that the prolonged dilute
prothrombin time of hemophilia plasma was normalized after treating
the plasma with antibodies to TFPI (Thromb. Haemost., 1991, 66(4):
464-467). Similarly, Erhardtsen et al. showed that the bleeding
time in hemophilia A rabbit model was significantly shortened by
anti-TFPI antibodies (Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1995, 6:
388-394). These studies suggest that inhibition of TFPI by
anti-TFPI antibodies may be useful for the treatment of hemophilia
A or B. Only polyclonal anti-TFPI antibody was used in these
studies.
Using hybridoma techniques, monoclonal antibodies against
recombinant human TFPI (rhTFPI) were prepared and identified. See
Yang et al., Chin. Med. J., 1998, 111(8): 718-721. The effect of
the monoclonal antibody on dilute prothrombin time (PT) and
activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was tested.
Experiments showed that anti-TFPI monoclonal antibody shortened
dilute thromboplastin coagulation time of Factor IX deficient
plasma. It is suggested that the tissue factor pathway plays an
important role not only in physiological coagulation but also in
hemorrhage of hemophilia (Yang et al., Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao,
1997, 22(4): 297-300).
Accordingly, antibodies specific for TFPI are needed for treating
hematological diseases and cancer.
Generally, therapeutic antibodies for human diseases have been
generated using genetic engineering to create murine, chimeric,
humanized or fully human antibodies. Murine monoclonal antibodies
were shown to have limited use as therapeutic agents because of a
short serum half-life, an inability to trigger human effector
functions, and the production of human antimouse-antibodies (Brekke
and Sandlie, "Therapeutic Antibodies for Human Diseases at the Dawn
of the Twenty-first Century," Nature 2, 53, 52-62, January 2003).
Chimeric antibodies have been shown to give rise to human
anti-chimeric antibody responses. Illumanized antibodies further
minimize the mouse component of antibodies. However, a fully human
antibody avoids the immunogenicity associated with murine elements
completely. Thus, there is a need to develop fully human antibodies
to avoid the immunogenicity associated with other forms of
genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies. In particular,
chronic prophylactic treatment such as would be required for
hemophilia treatment with an anti-TFPI monoclonal antibody has a
high risk of development of an immune response to the therapy if an
antibody with a murine component or murine origin is used due to
the frequent dosing required and the long duration of therapy. For
example, antibody therapy for hemophilia A may require weekly
dosing for the lifetime of a patient. This would be a continual
challenge to the immune system. Thus, the need exists for a fully
human antibody for antibody therapy for hemophilia and related
genetic and acquired deficiencies or defects in coagulation.
Therapeutic antibodies have been made through hybridoma technology
described by Koehler and Milstein in "Continuous Cultures of Fused
Cells Secreting Antibody of Predefined Specificity," Nature 256,
495-497 (1975). Fully human antibodies may also be made
recombinantly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recombinant production
of an antibody in a host cell rather than hybridoma production is
preferred for a therapeutic antibody. Recombinant production has
the advantages of greater product consistency, likely higher
production level, and a controlled manufacture that minimizes or
eliminates the presence of animal-derived proteins, For these
reasons, it is desirable to have a recombinantly produced
monoclonal anti-TFPI antibody.
In addition, because TFPI binds to activated Factor X (FXa) with
high affinity, an effective anti-TFPI antibody should have a
comparable affinity. Thus, it is desirable to have an anti-TFPI
antibody which has binding affinity which can compete with TFPI/FXa
binding.
SUMMARY
Monoclonal antibodies to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor
(TFPI) are provided. Further provided are the isolated nucleic acid
molecules encoding the same. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising
the anti-TFPI monoclonal antibodies and methods of treatment of
genetic and acquired deficiencies or defects in coagulation such as
hemophilia A and B are also provided. Also provided are methods for
shortening the bleeding time by administering an anti-TFPI
monoclonal antibody to a patient in need thereof. Methods for
producing a monoclonal antibody that binds human TFPI according to
the present invention are also provided.
In some embodiments, the monoclonal antibodies to TFPI provided
have been optimized, for example to have increased affinity or
increased functional activity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 depicts a bar graph illustrating selected 2A8 variants with
single amino acid substitutions which showed more potency in
shortening clotting time in human hemophilia A plasma using a dPT
assay.
FIG. 2 depicts a graph showing the effect of selected single amino
acid mutated anti-TFPI antibodies on clotting time of anti-factor
VIII antibody-induced human hemophilic blood.
FIG. 3 depicts a graph showing that 4B7-D62R has much more potency
in shortening clotting time in human antibody-induced hemophilia A
blood as compared to the parental 4B7 antibody and to a less
degree, as compared to single amino acid substitutions within
2A8.
FIG. 4 depicts two graphs showing survival of hemophilia A mice
treated with the parental antibody 2A8 and a 2A8 variant having
multiple amino acid substitutions (A200) in a dose-dependent manner
as compared to control mouse IgG1 (CTX IgG1).
FIG. 5 depicts a graph showing that a 2A8 variant enhanced clotting
in human hemophilia C (FXI-deficient) plasma in a dose-dependent
manner and its effects were comparable to those of recombinant
FVIIa.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Definitions
The term "tissue factor pathway inhibitor" or "TFPI" as used herein
refers to any variant, isoform and species homolog of human TFPI
that is naturally expressed by cells. In a preferred embodiment of
the invention, the binding of an antibody of the invention to TFPI
reduces the blood clotting time.
As used herein, an "antibody" refers to a whole antibody and any
antigen binding fragment (i.e., "antigen-binding portion") or
single chain thereof. The term includes a full-length
immunoglobulin molecule (e.g., an IgG antibody) that is naturally
occurring or formed by normal immunoglobulin gene fragment
recombinatorial processes, or an immunologically active portion of
an immunoglobulin molecule, such as an antibody fragment, that
retains the specific binding activity. Regardless of structure, an
antibody fragment binds with the same antigen that is recognized by
the full-length antibody. For example, an anti-TFPI monoclonal
antibody fragment binds to an epitope of TFPI. The antigen-binding
function of an antibody can be performed by fragments of a
full-length antibody. Examples of binding fragments encompassed
within the term "antigen-binding portion" of an antibody include
(i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the
V.sub.L, V.sub.II, C.sub.L and C.sub.II1 domains; (ii) a
F(ab').sub.2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab
fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a
Fd fragment consisting of the V.sub.H and C.sub.H1 domains; (iv) a
Fv fragment consisting of the V.sub.L and V.sub.H domains of a
single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989)
Nature 341:544-546), which consists of a V.sub.H domain; (vi) an
isolated complementarity determining region (CDR); (vii)
minibodies, diaboidies, triabodies, tetrabodies, and kappa bodies
(see, e.g. Ill et al., Protein Eng 1997; 10:949-57); (viii) camel
IgG; and (ix) IgNAR. Furthermore, although the two domains of the
Fv fragment, V.sub.L and V.sub.H, are coded for by separate genes,
they can be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic
linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in
which the V.sub.L and V.sub.H regions pair to form monovalent
molecules (known as single chain Fv (scFv); see e.g., Bird et al.
(1988) Science 242:423-426; and Huston et al (1988) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883). Such single chain antibodies are also
intended to be encompassed within the term "antigen-binding
portion" of an antibody. These antibody fragments are obtained
using conventional techniques known to those with skill in the art,
and the fragments are analyzed for utility in the same manner as
are intact antibodies.
Furthermore, it is contemplated that an antigen binding fragment
may be encompassed in an antibody mimetic. The term "antibody
mimetic" or "mimetic" as used herein is meant a protein that
exhibits binding similar to an antibody but is a smaller
alternative antibody or a non-antibody protein. Such antibody
mimetic may be comprised in a scaffold. The term "scaffold" refers
to a polypeptide platform for the engineering of new products with
tailored functions and characteristics.
As used herein, the terms "inhibits binding" and "blocks binding"
(e.g., referring to inhibition/blocking of binding of TFPI ligand
to TFPI) are used interchangeably and encompass both partial and
complete inhibition or blocking. Inhibition and blocking are also
intended to include any measurable decrease in the binding affinity
of TFPI to a physiological substrate when in contact with all
anti-TFPI antibody as compared to TFPI not in contact with an
anti-TFPI antibody, e.g., the blocking of the interaction of TFPI
with factor Xa or blocking the interaction of a TFPI-factor Xa
complex with tissue factor, factor VIIa or the complex of tissue
factor/factor VIIa by at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,
70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%.
The terms "monoclonal antibody" or "monoclonal antibody
composition" as used herein refer to a preparation of antibody
molecules of single molecular composition. A monoclonal antibody
composition displays a single binding specificity and affinity for
a particular epitope. Accordingly, the term "human monoclonal
antibody" refers to antibodies displaying a single binding
specificity which have variable and constant regions derived from
human germline immunoglobulin sequences. The human antibodies of
the invention may include amino acid residues not encoded by human
germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by
random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation
in vivo).
An "isolated antibody," as used herein, is intended to refer to an
antibody which is substantially free of other antibodies having
different antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody that
binds to TFPI is substantially free of antibodies that bind
antigens other than TFPI). An isolated antibody that binds to an
epitope, isoform or variant of human TFPI may, however, have
cross-reactivity to other related antigens, e.g., from other
species (e.g., TFPI species homologs). Moreover, an isolated
antibody may be substantially free of other cellular material
and/or chemicals.
As used herein, "specific binding" refers to antibody binding to a
predetermined antigen. Typically, the antibody binds with an
affinity of at least about 10.sup.5 M.sup.-1 and binds to the
predetermined antigen with an affinity that is higher, for example
at least two-fold greater, than its affinity for binding to an
irrelevant antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined
antigen or a closely-related antigen. The phrases "an antibody
recognizing an antigen" and "an antibody specific for an antigen"
are used interchangeably herein with the term "an antibody which
binds specifically to an antigen."
As used herein, the term "high affinity" for an IgG antibody refers
to a binding affinity of at least about 10.sup.7M.sup.-1, in some
embodiments at least about 10.sup.8M.sup.-1, in some embodiments at
least about 10.sup.9M.sup.-1, 10.sup.10M.sup.-1, 10.sup.1M.sup.-1
or greater, e.g., up to 10.sup.13M.sup.-1 or greater. However,
"high affinity" binding can vary for other antibody isotypes. For
example, "high affinity" binding for an IgM isotype refers to a
binding affinity of at least about 1.0.times.10.sup.7M.sup.-1. As
used herein, "isotype" refers to the antibody class (e.g., IgM or
IgG1) that is encoded by heavy chain constant region genes.
"Complementarily-determining region" or "CDR" refers to one of
three hypervariable regions within the variable region of the heavy
chain or the variable region of the light chain of an antibody
molecule that form the N-terminal antigen-binding surface that is
complementary to the three-dimensional structure of the bound
antigen. Proceeding from the N-terminus of a heavy or light chain,
these complementarity-determining regions are denoted as
"CDR1,""CDR2," and "CDR3," respectively. CDRs are involved in
antigen-antibody binding, and the CDR3 comprises a unique region
specific for antigen-antibody binding. An antigen-binding site,
therefore, may include six CDRs, comprising the CDR regions from
each of a heavy and a light chain V region.
As used herein, "conservative substitutions" refers to
modifications of a polypeptide that involve the substitution of one
or more amino acids for amino acids having similar biochemical
properties that do not result in loss of a biological or
biochemical function of the polypeptide. A "conservative amino acid
substitution" is one in which the amino acid residue is replaced
with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. Families of
amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in
the art. These families include amino acids with basic side chains
(e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine), acidic side chains (e.g.,
aspartic acid, glutamic acid), uncharged polar side chains (e.g.,
glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine,
cysteine), nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine,
isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan),
beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine),
and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, histidine). It is envisioned that the antibodies of the
present invention may have conservative amino acid substitutions
and still retain activity.
For nucleic acids and polypeptides, the term "substantial homology"
indicates that two nucleic acids or two polypeptides, or designated
sequences thereof, when optimally aligned and compared, are
identical, with appropriate nucleotide or amino acid insertions or
deletions, in at least about 80% of the nucleotides or amino acids,
usually at least about 85%, preferably about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,
94%, or 95%, more preferably at least about 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%,
99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, or 99.5% of the nucleotides or amino
acids. Alternatively, substantial homology for nucleic acids exists
when the segments will hybridize under selective hybridization
conditions to the complement of the strand. The invention includes
nucleic acid sequences and polypeptide sequences having substantial
homology to the specific nucleic acid sequences and amino acid
sequences recited herein.
The percent identity between two sequences is a function of the
number of identical positions shared by the sequences (i.e., %
homology=# of identical positions/total # of positions.times.100),
taking into account the number of gaps, and the length of each gap,
which need to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two
sequences. The comparison of sequences and determination of percent
identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a
mathematical algorithm, such as without limitation the AlignX.TM.
module of VectorNTI.TM. (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, Calif.). For
AlignX.TM., the default parameters of multiple alignment are: gap
opening penalty: 10; gap extension penalty: 0.05; gap separation
penalty range: 8; % identity for alignment delay: 40. Further
details found at: Invitrogen's website for LINNEA Communities,
Vector TFI Community, AlignX module for Vector NTI.
Another method for determining the best overall match between a
query sequence (a sequence of the present invention) and a subject
sequence, also referred to as a global sequence alignment, can be
determined using the CLUSTALW computer program (Thompson et al.,
Nucleic Acids Research, 1994, 2(22): 4673-4680), which is based on
the algorithm of Higgins et al., (Computer Applications in the
Biosciences (CABIOS), 1992, 8(2): 189-191). In a sequence alignment
the query and subject sequences are both DNA sequences. The result
of said global sequence alignment is in percent identity. Preferred
parameters used in a CLUSTALW alignment of DNA sequences to
calculate percent identity via pairwise alignments are: Matrix=IUB,
k-tuple=1, Number of Top Diagonals=5, Gap Penalty=3, Gap Open
Penalty=10, Gap Extension Penalty-0.1. For multiple alignments, the
following CLUSTALW parameters are preferred: Gap Opening
Penalty=10, Gap Extension Parameter=0.05; Gap Separation Penalty
Range=8; % Identity for Alignment Delay=40.
The nucleic acids may be present in whole cells, in a cell lysate,
or in a partially purified or substantially pure form. A nucleic
acid is "isolated" or "rendered substantially pure" when purified
away from other cellular components with which it is normally
associated in the natural environment. To isolate a nucleic acid,
standard techniques such as the following may be used: alkaline/SDS
treatment, CsCl handing, column chromatography, agarose gel
electrophoresis and others well known in the art.
Monoclonal Antibodies Optimized for High Affinity and Functional
Activity
Several anti-TFPI antibodies were identified in a previous study
and described in PCT Application No. PCT/US2009/052702 filed 4 Aug.
2009, hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. These
anti-TFPI antibodies may be further optimized, for example by
improving their affinity and blocking activity to TFPI. Such
optimization can be performed for example by utilizing site
saturation mutagenesis of the complementarily determining regions
(CDRs) or residues in close proximity to the CDRs, i.e. about 3 or
4 residues adjacent to the CDRs, of the antibodies.
Also provided are monoclonal antibodies having increased or high
affinity to TFPI. In some embodiments, the anti-TFPI antibodies
have a binding affinity of at least about 10.sup.7M.sup.-1, in some
embodiments at least about 10.sup.8M.sup.-1, in some embodiments at
least about 10.sup.9M.sup.-1, 10.sup.10M.sup.-1, 10.sup.11M.sup.-1
or greater, e.g., up to 10.sup.13M.sup.-1 or greater.
Site saturation mutagenesis in and adjacent to the CDRs of two
anti-TFPI parental antibodies, designated herein as 2A8 and 4B7,
was utilized to optimize the antibodies for affinity and functional
activity. It is also contemplated that the same optimization may be
performed on any of the antibodies described in the previous
PCT/US2009/052702.
In some embodiments, site saturation mutagenesis of the CDRs may be
done on the anti-TFPI antibodies. For 2A8, the CDRs in the heavy
chain shown in SEQ ID NO:1 correspond to residues FTFRSYGMS
(residues 27 to 35) (SEQ ID NO: 35), SIRGSSSSTYYADSVKG (residues 50
to 66) (SEQ ID NO: 36), and KYRYWFDY (residues 99 to 106) (SEQ ID
NO 37). For the 2A8 light chain shown in SEQ ID NO:2, the CDRs
correspond to residues SGDNLRNYYAH (residues 23 to 33) (SEQ ID NO:
38), YYDNNRPS (residues 48 to 55) (SEQ ID NO: 39), and QSWDDGVPV
(residues 88 to 96) (SEQ ID NO: 40). For 4B7, the CDRs in the heavy
chain shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 correspond to residues DSVSSNSAAWS
(residues 27 to 37) (SEQ ID NO: 41), IIYKRSKWYNDYAVSVKS (residues
52 to 70) (SEQ ID NO: 42), and WHSDKHWGFDY (residues 102 to 112)
(SEQ ID NO: 43). For the 4B7 light chain shown in SEQ ID NO:4, the
CDRs correspond to residues RSSQSLVFSDGNTYLN (residues 24 to 39)
(SEQ ID NO: 44), KGSNRAS (residues 55 to 61) (SEQ ID NO: 45), and
QQYDSYPLT (residues 94 to 102) (SEQ ID NO: 46) of SEQ ID NO: 4. A
modification may be made in any of the six CDRs individually or
combinations of modifications may be made. Further, two or more
modifications may be made in a single CDR. In other embodiments,
modifications may also be introduced in close proximity to the
CDRs, for example about 3 or 4 residues on either side of each
CDR.
Briefly, single and/or multiple amino acid modifications were
introduced and analyzed to optimize, e.g. improve the affinity, of
parental antibodies 2A8 and 4B7. First, single amino acid
modifications were introduced into the six CDRs or adjacent to the
CDRs of each antibody followed by analysis of TFPI-binding
properties. Modifications that increased binding signal to TFPI
were selected for combination with one or more other modifications
and analyzed for further increase of the binding signal. After each
analysis, selected antibody variants were used to measure their
affinity to TFPI and activity in blocking TFPI activity and
shortening clotting time. Thus, in some embodiments, provided is an
isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor
pathway inhibitor having increased affinity to TFPI as compared to
the unmodified parental antibodies, Further, in some embodiments,
provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to human
tissue factor pathway inhibitor having increased blocking activity
of TFPI as compared to the unmodified parental antibodies. In some
embodiments, provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds
to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor having a shortened
clotting time as compared to the unmodified parental
antibodies.
In some embodiments, additional amino acid modifications were
introduced to reduce divergence from the germline sequence. In
other embodiments, amino acid modifications were introduced to
facilitate antibody production for large scale production
processes.
The antibody may be species specific or may cross react with
multiple species. In some embodiments, the antibody may
specifically react or cross react with TFPI of human, mouse, rat,
rabbit, guinea pig, monkey, pig, dog, cat or other mammalian
species.
The antibody may be of any of the various classes of antibodies,
such as without limitation an IgG1, an IgG2, an IgG3, an IgG4, an
IgM, an IgA1, an IgA2, a secretory IgA, an IgD, and an IgE
antibody.
In one embodiment, provided is an isolated fully human monoclonal
antibody to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor.
In another embodiment, provided is an isolated fully human
monoclonal antibody to Kunitz domain 2 of human tissue factor
pathway inhibitor.
2A8 Variants
Accordingly, in some embodiments, provided is an isolated
monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway
inhibitor, wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising
an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein said amino
acid sequence comprises one or more amino acid modifications. In
some embodiments, the modification of the heavy chain of 2A8 is a
substitution, an insertion or a deletion.
In some embodiments, the substitutions are located in the CDRs of
the heavy chain of 2A8. In other embodiments, the substitutions are
located outside the CDRs of the heavy chain of 2A8.
In some embodiments, the substitution of the heavy chain of 2A8 is
at a position selected from S31, G33, S35, I51, S54, S55, K99 and
F104. In some embodiments, the substitution of the heavy chain of
2A8 may also include a position selected from Q1, R30, M34, S50,
R52 and S56. For example, the substitution may be selected from
Q1E, R30S, S31P, S31Y, G33A, G33K, G33P, M34I, M34K, S35L, S35D,
S50A, I52D, I51E, R52S, S54F, S54D, S55A, S55G, S55R, S56G, K99V,
K99L, and F104Y. Further, in some embodiments, the antibody may
comprise two or more substitutions selected from Q1E, R30S, S31P,
S31V, G33A, G33K, G33P, M34I, M34K, S35L, S35D, S50A, I51D, I51E,
R52S, S54F, S54D, S55A, S55G, S55R, S56G, K99V, K99L, and
F104Y.
In some embodiments, the heavy chain of 2A8 has the following
substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:1: S31V+I51D+S54F+K99V;
G33P+S35D+S54F+K99L; S35D+I51D+S55R+K99V; S35L+S54F+K99V;
S31V+G33P+S35D; S35D+I51D+K99L; S31V+I51D+S55R+K99L;
S31V+S35D+I51D+K99V; G33P+I51D+S54F; I51D+S54F+K99L; S35D+K99L;
S31V+G33P+I51D+S54F+K99V; S35D+I51E+S55R+K99L; S31V+K99V;
S31V+I51E+S55R+K99V; S35D+S55R+K99L; S31V+S54F+K99L;
S31V+I51D+S55R+K99V; S31V+S35D+S55R; S31V+S35D; S31V+I51D+S55R;
S35D+S54F+S55R+K99L; S31V+S35D+S54F S31V+S35L+I51D+S54F+K99V; and
S31V+S35L+I51E+S54F+K99V.
In some embodiments, the heavy chain of 2A8 has the following
substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:1: G33A+S35D+S55R+K99L;
G33P+I51D+S54F; G33P+S35D+S54F+K99L; I51D+S54F+K99L;
M34I+S35D+S55R+K99L; M34K+S35D+S55R+K99L;
Q1E+R30S+S35D+S55G+S56G+K99L; Q1E+R30S+S35D+S55R+S56G+K99L;
Q1E+S31V+S50A+I51D+S55R+A56F+K99V; Q1E+S35D+S55R+K99L;
R30S+S31V+I51D+S55R+K99V; R30S+S35D+S55R+K99L;
S31V+G33A+I51D+S55R+K99V; S31V+G33P+I51D+S54F+K99V; S31V+G33P+S35D;
S31V+I51D+R52S+S55R+K99V; S31V+I51D+S54F+K99V; S31V+I51D+S55R;
S31V+I51D+S55R+K99L; S31V+I51D+S55R+K99V; S31V+I51D+S55R+S56G+K99V;
S31V+I51E+S55R+K99V; S31V+K99V; S31V+S35D; S31V+S35D+I51D+K99V;
S31V+S35D+S54F; S31V+S35D+S55R; S31V+S35L+I51D+S54F+K99V;
S31V+S35L+I51E+S54F+K99V; S31V+S50A+I51D+S55R+K99V; S31V+S54F+K99L;
S35D+I51D+K99L; S35D+I51D+S55R+K99V; S35D+I51E+S55R+K99L;
S35D+K99L; S35D+R52S+K99L; S35D+R52S+S55R+K99L; S35D+S50A+K99L;
S35D+S50A+S55R+K99L; S35D+S54F+S55R+K99L; S35D+S55G+K99L;
S35D+S55R+K99L; S35D+S55R+S56G+K99L; S35D+S56G+K99L; and
S35L+S54F+K99V.
In some embodiments, the heavy chain of 2A8 has one or more
deletions. In some embodiments, the deletions are located in the
CDRs of the heavy chain of 2A8. In other embodiments, the deletions
are located outside the CDRs of the heavy chain of 2A8. In some
embodiments, for example, the deletion is at a position selected
from I51, S56 and S57.
Further, provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the antibody
comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO:2, wherein said amino acid sequence comprises one or more
amino acid modifications. In some embodiments, the modification is
a substitution, an insertion or a deletion.
In some embodiments, the substitutions are located in the CDRs of
the light chain of 2A8. In other embodiments, the substitutions are
located outside the CDRs of the light chain of 2A8.
In some embodiments, the substitution of the light chain of 2A8 is
at a position selected from A32, Y48, N51, N52, P54, D91, D92 and
V96. In some embodiments, the substitution of the light chain of
2A8 may also include a position selected from D1, I2, A13, S21,
N26, R28, N29, H33, Y49, G56, E80, S89, G93, V94 and P95. For
example, the substitution may be selected from D1S, I2Y, A13S,
S21T, N26A, R28P, N29K, A32N, H33Y, Y48F, Y49R, N51S, N51V, N52G,
P54L, G56D, E80M, S89A, D91L, D91R, D91W, D91K, D92S, D92T, G93S,
V94T, P95V, P95A, V96G, V96M and V96W. Further, in some
embodiments, the antibody may comprise two or more substitutions
selected from D1S, I2Y, A13S, S21T, N26A, R28P, N29K, A32N, H33Y,
Y48F, Y49R, N51S, N51V, N52G, P54L, G56D, E80M, S89A, D91L, D91R,
D91W, D91K, D92S, D92T, G93S, V94T, P95V, P95A, V96G, V96M and
V96W.
In some embodiments, the light chain of 2A8 has the following
substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:2: Y48F+N51V; Y48F+N52G;
Y48F+D91K; Y48F+D91L+V96W; Y48F+D91W; Y48F+N52G+D91L+V96W;
Y48F+N51V+V96W; D91L+V96W; Y48F+N51V+D91W; Y48F+N51V+D91L+V96W;
N51V+D91W; Y48F+N51V+G56D+V96W; Y48F+N51V+D91L; and N51V+D91K.
In some embodiments, the light chain of 2A8 has the following
substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:2: A13S+Y48F+N51V+D91W;
D1S+12Y+A13S+S21T+R28P+N29K+Y48F+E80M+D91L+D92S+V94T+V96W;
D1S+I2Y+A13S+S21T+R28P+N29K+Y48F+N51S+E80M+D91L+D92S+V94T+V96W;
D1S+I2Y+A13S+S21T+R28P+N29K+Y48F+N51V+E80M+D91W;
D1S+I2Y+A13S+S21T+R28P+N29K+Y48F+N51V+E80M+S89A+D91W+D92S+G93S+V94T;
D1S+12Y+A13S+S21T+R28P+N29K+Y48F+Y49R+N51S+E80M+D91L+D92S+V94T+V96W;
D1S+I2Y+A13S+S21T+R28P+Y48F+N51V+E80M+D91W;
D1S+I2Y+A13S+S21T+R28P+Y48F+N51V+E80M+S89A+D91W+D92S+G93S+V94T;
D1S+Y48F+N51V+D91W; D91L+V96W; H33Y+Y48F+N51V+D91W;
I2Y+Y48F+N51V+D91W; N26A+Y48F+N51V+D91W; N29K+Y48F+N51V+D91W;
N51V+D91K; N51V+D91W; R28P+Y48F+N51V+D91W; S21T+Y48F+N51V+D91W;
Y48F+D91K; Y48F+D91L+D92S+V96W; Y48F+D91L+G93S+V96W;
Y48F+D91L+P95V+V96W; Y48F+D91L+V94T+V96W; Y48F+D91L+V96W;
Y48F+D91W; Y48F+N51S+D91L+V96W; Y48F+N51V; Y48F+N51V+D91L;
Y48F+N51V+D91L+V96W; Y48F+N51V+D91W; Y48F+N51V+D91W+D92S;
Y48F+N51V+D91W+G93S; Y48F+N51V+D91W+P95V; Y48F+N51V+D91W+V94T;
Y48F+N51V+E80M+D91W; Y48F+N51V+G56D+V96W; Y48F+N51V+S89A+D91W;
Y48F+N51V+S89A+D91W+D92S+G93S+V94T+P95A; Y48F+N51V+V96W; Y48F+N52G;
Y48F+N52G+D91L+V96W; and Y48F+S89A+D91L+V96W.
Also provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the antibody
comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein said heavy chain amino acid sequence
comprises one or more amino acid modifications; and b) a light
chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2,
wherein said light chain amino acid sequence comprises one or more
amino acid modifications. Examples of modifications that can be
made are provided above.
In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises a heavy chain
comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, and 11.
In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises a light chain
comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, and 18.
In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain
comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, and 11; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid
sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18.
In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain
comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; and b) a
light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
12. In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that
binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a
heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
6; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal
antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor
comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO: 7; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the isolated
monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway
inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8; and b) a light chain comprising an
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments,
the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor
pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9: and b) a light chain
comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16. In some
embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to human
tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain
comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a
light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
17. In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that
binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a
heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
11; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO: 18.
4B7 Variants
Also provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the antibody
comprises an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3 comprising
one or more amino acid modifications. In some embodiments, the
modification of the heavy chain of 4B7 is a substitution, an
insertion or a deletion.
In some embodiments, the substitutions are located in the CDRs of
the heavy chain of 4B7. In other embodiments, the substitutions are
located outside the CDRs of the heavy chain of 4B7.
In some embodiments, the substitution of the heavy chain of 4B7 is
at a position selected from S30, N32, S57, K58, N61, D62, H103,
H107, G109 and Y112. In some embodiments, the substitution of the
heavy chain of 4B7 may also include a position selected from Q1,
S37, G44, I53 and K55. For example, the substitution may be
selected from Q1E, S30R, N32D, N32F, S33G, S37N, G44S, I53T, K55Y,
S57K, S57R, K58M, N61G, N61T, D62I, D62R, D62Q, D62L, D625, D62V,
D62N, D62K, H103D, H103G, H107M, G109A and Y112D. Further, in some
embodiments, the antibody may comprise two or more substitutions
selected from Q1E, S30R, N32D, N32E, S33G, S37N, G44S, I53T, K55Y,
S57K, S57R, K58M, N61G, N61T, D62I, D62R, D62Q, D62L, D62S, D62V,
D62N, D62K, H103D, H103G, H107M, G109A and Y112D.
In some embodiments, the heavy chain of 4B7 has the following
substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:3:
N32D+D62Q+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62R+H103D+H107M+Y112D;
N32D+D62R+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62R+Y112D; D62Q+Y112D; D62R+Y112D;
D62R+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62Q+Y112D; N32D+D62R+H107M;
N32D+D62S+H107M+Y112D; D62Q+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62R+H103D;
D62S+H107M+Y112D; S30R+S57K; N61G+D62V; and K58M+D62N. In some
embodiments, the heavy chain of 4B7 has the following substitutions
relative to SEQ ID NO:3: D62Q+H107M+Y112D; D62Q+Y112D;
D62R+H107M+Y112D; D62R+Y112D; D62S+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62K+Y112D;
N32D+D62Q+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62Q+Y112D; N32D+D62R+H103D;
N32D+D62R+H103D+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62R+H107M;
N32D+D62R+H107M+Y112D; N32D+D62R+Y112D; N32D+D62S+H107M+Y112D;
N32D+G44S+D62R+Y112D; N32D+I53T+D62Q+Y112D; N32D+I53T+D62R+Y112D;
N32D+K55Y+D62Q+Y112D; N32D+K55Y+D62R+Y112D; N32D+S37N+D62R+Y112D;
Q1E+N32D+D62R+Y112D; Q1E+N32D+G44S+K55Y+D62R+Y112D;
N32D+G44S+K55Y+D62R+Y112D; S30R+S57K; N61G+D62V; and K58M+D62N.
Further, provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the antibody
comprises an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4 comprising
one or more amino acid modifications. In some embodiments, the
modification of the light chain of 4B7 is selected from a
substitution, an insertion or a deletion.
In some embodiments, the substitutions are located in the CDRs of
the light chain of 4B7. In other embodiments, the substitutions are
located outside the CDRs of the light chain of 4B7.
In some embodiments, the substitution of the light chain of 4B7 is
at a position selected from F31, S32, D33, N35, Y37, Y54, G56, S57,
S61 and D97. In some embodiments, the substitution of the light
chain of 4B7 may also include a position selected from M4, V30,
T36, N39, L42, K44, Q50, L51, K55, A60 and S98. For example, the
substitution may be selected from M41, M4L, V30L, F31I, F31M, F31Y,
F31H, S32L, S32R, S32Y, D33F, D33R, N35I, N35L, N35T, N35V, T36N,
Y37F, N39D, L42Q, K44R, Q50R, L51R, Y54F, K55L, G56D, G56A, G56V,
S57Y, A60D, S61C, D97M, D97T and S98H. Further, in some
embodiments, the antibody may comprise two or more substitutions
selected from M4I, M4L, V30L, F31I, F31M, F31Y, S32L, S32R, S32Y,
D33F, D33R, N35I, N35L, N35T, N35V, T36N, Y37F, N39D, L42Q, K44R,
Q50R, Y54F, K55L, G56D, G56A, G56V, S57Y, A60D, S61C, D97M, D97T
and S98H.
In some embodiments, the light chain of 4B7 has the following
substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:4: S32R+N35T; S32R+N35T+D97T:
S32R+D33F+N35I; S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; S32R+D33F+N35T; S32R+D33F;
S32R+D33R+N35I; S32R+D33R+N35I+D97T; S32R+D33R; S32R+D33R+N35T;
N35T+D97T; D33F+N35I; D33F+N35I+D97T; D33F+N35T+Y37F; D33R+N35I;
D33R+N35I+D97T; D33R+N35T; F31I+S32R+N35I+D97T;
F31I+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; F31I+S32R+D33F+N35T;
F31I+S32R+D33R+N35T+D97T; F31I+N35I; F31T+D33F+N35I;
F31I+D33F+N35I+D97T; F31I+D33R+N35I; F31I+D33R;
F31M+S32L+D33R+N35I+D97T; F31M+S32R+D33F+N35I;
F31M+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; F31M+S32R+D33F+D97T; F31M+S32R+D33R+N35I;
F31M+S32R+D33R+N351+D97T; F31M+S32R+D33R; F31M+S32R+D33R+N35T;
F31M+D33F+N35I; F31M+D33F; F31M+D33F+N35T; F31M+D33R+N35I;
F31M+D33R; S32R+N35I; F31M+D33F+N35T+Y37F; N35V+G56D; N35L+G56A;
and D33F+Y54F.
In some embodiments, the light chain of 4B7 has the following
substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:4: D33F+N35I; D33F+N35I+D97T;
D33F+N35T+Y37F; D33R+N35I; D33R+N35I+D97T; D33R+N35T;
F31II+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; F31I+D33F+N35I; F31I+D33F+N35I+D97T;
F31I+D33F+N35I+K44R; F31I+D33F+N35I+L42Q; F31I+D33F+N35I+S98H;
F31I+D33F+N35I+T36N; F31I+D33R; F31I+D33R+N35I; F31I+N35I;
F31I+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; F31I+S32R+D33F+N35T;
F31I+S32R+D33R+N35I+D97T; F31I+S32R+N35I+D97T; F31M+D33F;
F31M+D33F+N35I; F31M+D33F+N35T; F31M+D33F+N35T+Y37F; F31M+D33R;
F31M+D33R+N35I; F31M+S32L+D33R+N35I+D97T; F31M+S32R+D33F+D97T;
F31M+S32R+D33F+N35I; F31M+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; F31M+S32R+D33R;
F31M+S32R+D33R+N35I; F31M+S32R+D33R+N35I+D97T; F31M+S32R+D33R+N35T;
F31Y+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; M4I+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T;
M4L+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; N35T+D97T; S32R+D33F; S32R+D33F+N35I;
S32R+D33F+N35I+A60D+D97T; S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T;
S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T+S98H; S32R+D33F+N35I+G56V+D97T;
S32R+D33F+N35I+K44R+D97T; S32R+D33F+N35I+K55L+D97T;
S32R+D33F+N35I+L42Q+D97T; S32R+D33F+N35I+L51R+D97T;
S32R+D33F+N35I+N39D+D97T; S32R+D33F+N35I+Q50R+D97T;
S32R+D33F+N35I+T36N+D97T; S32R+D33F+N35T; S32R+D33R;
S32R+D33R+N35I; S32R+D33R+N35I+D97T; S32R+D33R+N35T; S32R+N35I;
S32R+N35T; S32R+N35T+D97T; V30L+F31I+D33F+N35I;
V30L+S32R+D33F+N35I+D97T; V30L+S32R+D33F+N35I+T36N+D97T;
V30L+S32R+N35I+T36N; N35V+G56D; N35L+G56A; and D33F+Y54F.
Also provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the antibody
comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO:3, wherein said heavy chain amino acid sequence
comprises one or more amino acid modifications; and b) a light
chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4,
wherein said light chain amino acid sequence comprises one or more
amino acid modifications. Examples of modifications that can be
made are provided above.
In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises a heavy chain
comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26.
In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises a light chain
comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 27, 28,
29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34.
In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain
comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26; and b) a light chain comprising an amino
acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33
and 34. In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that
binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a
heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
19; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal
antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor
comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO: 20; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, the isolated
monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway
inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21; and b) a light chain comprising an
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29. In some embodiments,
the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor
pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22; and b) a light chain
comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 30. In some
embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to human
tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain
comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 23; and b) a
light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
31. In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal antibody that
binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor comprises: a) a
heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
24; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO: 32. In some embodiments, the isolated monoclonal
antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor
comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO: 25; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 33. In some embodiments, the isolated
monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway
inhibitor comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 26; and b) a light chain comprising an
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 34.
2A8/4B7 Variant Combinations
It is also contemplated that the isolated monoclonal antibody that
binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor may comprise
combinations of the heavy and light chains of 2A8 and 4B7.
Accordingly, provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds
to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the antibody
comprises: a) a heavy chain of 2A8 comprising an amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein said heavy chain amino acid
sequence comprises one or more amino acid modifications; and b) a
light chain of 4B7 comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ
ID NO:4, wherein said light chain amino acid sequence comprises one
or more amino acid modifications. Examples of modifications that
can be made are provided above.
Also provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody that binds to
human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the antibody
comprises: a) a heavy chain 4B7 comprising an amino acid sequence
shown in SEQ ID NO:3, wherein said heavy chain amino acid sequence
comprises one or more amino acid modifications; and b) a light
chain of 2A8 comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID
NO:2, wherein said light chain amino acid sequence comprises one or
more amino acid modifications. Examples of modifications that can
be made are provided above.
In some embodiments, provided is an isolated monoclonal antibody
that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, wherein the
antibody comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26; and b) a light
chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, and 34.
Nucleic Acids, Vectors and Host Cells
Also provided are isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding any of
the monoclonal antibodies described above.
Thus, provided is an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding an
antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor,
wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising an amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein said heavy chain amino
acid sequence comprises one or more amino acid modifications.
Examples of such modifications are described above.
Also provided is an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding an
antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor,
wherein the antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, wherein said light chain amino
acid sequence comprises one or more amino acid modifications.
Examples of such modifications are described above.
Also provided is an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding an
antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor,
wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising an amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, wherein said heavy chain amino
acid sequence comprises one or more amino acid modifications.
Examples of such modifications are described above.
Also provided is an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding an
antibody that binds to human tissue factor pathway inhibitor,
wherein the antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, wherein said light chain amino
acid sequence comprises one or more amino acid modifications.
Examples of such modifications are described above.
Further, also provided are vectors comprising the isolated nucleic
acid molecules encoding any of the monoclonal antibodies described
above and host cells comprising such vectors.
Methods of Preparing Antibodies to TFPI
The monoclonal antibody may be produced recombinantly by expressing
a nucleotide sequence encoding the variable regions of the
monoclonal antibody according to the embodiments of the invention
in a host cell. With the aid of an expression vector, a nucleic
acid containing the nucleotide sequence may be transfected and
expressed in a host cell suitable for the production. Accordingly,
also provided is a method for producing a monoclonal antibody that
binds with human TFPI comprising:
(a) transfecting a nucleic acid molecule encoding a monoclonal
antibody of the invention into a host cell,
(b) culturing the host cell so to express the monoclonal antibody
in the host cell, and optionally
(c) isolating and purifying the produced monoclonal antibody,
wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence
encoding a monoclonal antibody of the present invention.
In one example, to express the antibodies, or antibody fragments
thereof, DNAs encoding partial or full-length light and heavy
chains obtained by standard molecular biology techniques are
inserted into expression vectors such that the genes are
operatively linked to transcriptional and translational control
sequences. In this context, the term "operatively linked" is
intended to mean that an antibody gene is ligated into a vector
such that transcriptional and translational control sequences
within the vector serve their intended function of regulating the
transcription and translation of the antibody gene. The expression
vector and expression control sequences are chosen to be compatible
with the expression host cell used. The antibody light chain gene
and the antibody heavy chain gene can be inserted into separate
vectors or, more typically, both genes are inserted into the same
expression vector. The antibody genes are inserted into the
expression vector by standard methods (e.g., ligation of
complementary restriction sites on the antibody gene fragment and
vector, or blunt end ligation if no restriction sites are present).
The light and heavy chain variable regions of the antibodies
described herein can be used to create full-length antibody genes
of any antibody isotype by inserting them into expression vectors
already encoding heavy chain constant and light chain constant
regions of the desired isotype such that the V.sub.H segment is
operatively linked to the C.sub.H segment(s) within the vector and
the V.sub.L segment is operatively linked to the C.sub.L segment
within the vector. Additionally or alternatively, the recombinant
expression vector can encode a signal peptide that facilitates
secretion of the antibody chain from a host cell. The antibody
chain gene can be cloned into the vector such that the signal
peptide is linked in-frame to the amino terminus of the antibody
chain gene. The signal peptide can be an immunoglobulin signal
peptide or a heterologous signal peptide (i.e., a signal peptide
from a non-immunoglobulin protein).
In addition to the antibody chain encoding genes, the recombinant
expression vectors of the invention carry regulatory sequences that
control the expression of the antibody chain genes in a host cell.
The term "regulatory sequence" is intended to include promoters,
enhancers and other expression control elements (e.g.,
polyadenylation signals) that control the transcription or
translation of the antibody chain genes. Such regulatory sequences
are described, for example, in Goeddel; Gene Expression Technology.
Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
(1990). It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the
design of the expression vector, including the selection of
regulatory sequences may depend on such factors as the choice of
the host cell to be transformed, the level of expression of protein
desired, etc. Examples of regulatory sequences for mammalian host
cell expression include viral elements that direct high levels of
protein expression in mammalian cells, such as promoters and/or
enhancers derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Simian Virus 40
(SV40), adenovirus, (e.g., the adenovirus major late promoter
(AdMLP)) and polyoma. Alternatively, nonviral regulatory sequences
may be used, such as the ubiquitin promoter or .beta.-globin
promoter.
In addition to the antibody chain genes and regulatory sequences,
the recombinant expression vectors may carry additional sequences,
such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host
cells (e.g., origins of replication) and selectable marker genes.
The selectable marker gene facilitates selection of host cells into
which the vector has been introduced (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,399,216, 4,634,665 and 5,179,017, all by Axel et al.). For
example, typically the selectable marker gene confers resistance to
drugs, such as G418, hygromycin or methotrexate, on a host cell
into which the vector has been introduced. Examples of selectable
marker genes include the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene (for
use in dhfr-host cells with methotrexate selection/amplification)
and the neo gene (for G418 selection).
For expression of the light and heavy chains, the expression
vector(s) encoding the heavy and light chains is transfected into a
host cell by standard techniques. The various forms of the term
"transfection" are intended to encompass a wide variety of
techniques commonly used for the introduction of exogenous DNA into
a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, e.g., electroporation,
calcium-phosphate precipitation, DEAE-dextran transfection and the
like. Although it is theoretically possible to express the
antibodies of the invention in either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
host cells, expression of antibodies in eukaryotic cells, and most
preferably mammalian host cells, is the most preferred because such
eukaryotic cells, and in particular mammalian cells, are more
likely than prokaryotic cells to assemble and secrete a properly
folded and immunologically active antibody.
Examples of mammalian host cells for expressing the recombinant
antibodies include Chinese Hamster Ovary (CIIO cells) (including
dhfr-CIIO cells, described in Urlaub and Chasin, (1980) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 77:4216-4220, used with a DHFR selectable marker,
e.g., as described in R. J. Kaufman and P. A. Sharp (1982) Mol.
Biol. 159:601-621), NSO myeloma cells, COS cells, HKB11 cells and
SP2 cells. When recombinant expression vectors encoding antibody
genes are introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibodies are
produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time
sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody in the host
cells or secretion of the antibody into the culture medium in which
the host cells are grown. Antibodies can be recovered from the
culture medium using standard protein purification methods, such as
ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange
chromatography and centrifugation.
Use of Partial Antibody Sequences to Express Intact Antibodies
Antibodies interact with target antigens predominantly through
amino acid residues that are located in the six heavy and light
chain CDRs. For this reason, the amino acid sequences within CDRs
are more diverse between individual antibodies than sequences
outside of CDRs. Because CDR sequences are responsible for most
antibody-antigen interactions, it is possible to express
recombinant antibodies that mimic the properties of specific
naturally occurring antibodies by constructing expression vectors
that include CDR sequences from the specific naturally occurring
antibody grafted onto framework sequences from a different antibody
with different properties (see, e.g., Riechmann, L. et al., 1998,
Nature 332:323-327; Jones, P. et al., 1986, Nature 321:522-525; and
Queen, C. et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
86:10029-10033). Such framework sequences can be obtained from
public DNA databases that include germline antibody gene sequences.
These germline sequences will differ from mature antibody gene
sequences because they will not include completely assembled
variable genes, which are formed by V(D)J joining during B cell
maturation. It is not necessary to obtain the entire DNA sequence
of a particular antibody in order to recreate an intact recombinant
antibody having binding properties similar to those of the original
antibody (see WO 99/45962). Partial heavy and light chain sequence
spanning the CDR regions is typically sufficient for this purpose.
The partial sequence is used to determine which germline variable
and joining gene segments contributed to the recombined antibody
variable genes. The germline sequence is then used to fill in
missing portions of the variable regions. Heavy and light chain
leader sequences are cleaved during protein maturation and do not
contribute to the properties of the final antibody. For this
reason, it is necessary to use the corresponding germline leader
sequence for expression constructs. To add missing sequences,
cloned cDNA sequences can be combined with synthetic
oligonucleotides by ligation or PCR amplification. Alternatively,
the entire variable region can be synthesized as a set of short,
overlapping, oligonucleotides and combined by PCR amplification to
create an entirely synthetic variable region clone. This process
has certain advantages such as elimination or inclusion or
particular restriction sites, or optimization of particular
codons.
The nucleotide sequences of heavy and light chain transcripts are
used to design an overlapping set of synthetic oligonucleotides to
create synthetic V sequences with identical amino acid coding
capacities as the natural sequences. The synthetic heavy and light
chain sequences can differ from the natural sequences. For example:
strings of repeated nucleotide bases are interrupted to facilitate
oligonucleotide synthesis and PCR amplification; optimal
translation initiation sites are incorporated according to Kozak's
rules (Kozak, 1991, J. Biol. Chem. 266:19867-19870); and
restriction sites are engineered upstream or downstream of the
translation initiation sites.
For both the heavy and light chain variable regions, the optimized
coding, and corresponding non-coding, strand sequences are broken
down into 30-50 nucleotide sections at approximately the midpoint
of the corresponding non-coding oligonucleotide. Thus, for each
chain, the oligonucleotides can be assembled into overlapping
double stranded sets that span segments of 150-400 nucleotides. The
pools are then used as templates to produce PCR amplification
products of 150-400 nucleotides. Typically, a single variable
region oligonucleotide set will be broken down into two pools which
are separately amplified to generate two overlapping PCR products.
These overlapping products are then combined by PCR amplification
to form the complete variable region. It may also be desirable to
include an overlapping fragment of the heavy or light chain
constant region in the PCR amplification to generate fragments that
can easily be cloned into the expression vector constructs.
The reconstructed heavy and light chain variable regions are then
combined with cloned promoter, translation initiation, constant
region, 3' untranslated, polyadenylation, and transcription
termination sequences to form expression vector constructs. The
heavy and light chain expression constructs can be combined into a
single vector, co-transfected, serially transfected, or separately
transfected into host cells which are then fused to form a host
cell expressing both chains.
Thus, in another aspect, the structural features of a human
anti-TFPI antibody are used to create structurally related human
anti-TFPI antibodies that retain the function of binding to TFPI.
More specifically, one or more CDRs of the specifically identified
heavy and light chain regions of the monoclonal antibodies of the
invention can be combined recombinantly with known human framework
regions and CDRs to create additional, recombinantly-engineered,
human anti-TFPI antibodies of the invention.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising
therapeutically effective amounts of anti-TFPI monoclonal antibody
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. "Pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier" is a substance that may be added to the active
ingredient to help formulate or stabilize the preparation and
causes no significant adverse toxicological effects to the patient.
Examples of such carriers are well known to those skilled in the
art and include water, sugars such as maltose or sucrose, albumin,
salts such as sodium chloride, etc. Other carriers are described
for example in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences by E. W. Martin.
Such compositions will contain a therapeutically effective amount
of at least one anti-TFPI monoclonal antibody.
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include sterile aqueous
solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous
preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. The use
of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is
known in the art. The composition is preferably formulated for
parenteral injection. The composition can be formulated as a
solution, microemulsion, liposome, or other ordered structure
suitable to high drug concentration. The carrier can be a solvent
or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol,
polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid
polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof.
In some cases, it will include isotonic agents, for example,
sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride
in the composition.
Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the
active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent
with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as
required, followed by sterilization microfiltration. Generally,
dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into
a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the
required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case
of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable
solutions, some methods of preparation are vacuum drying and
freeze-drying (lyophilization) that yield a powder of the active
ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously
sterile-filtered solution thereof.
Pharmaceutical Uses
The monoclonal antibody can be used for therapeutic purposes for
treating genetic and acquired deficiencies or defects in
coagulation. For example, the monoclonal antibodies in the
embodiments described above may be used to block the interaction of
TFPI with FXa, or to prevent TFPI-dependent inhibition of the
TF/FVIIa activity. Additionally, the monoclonal antibody may also
be used to restore the TF/FVIIa-driven generation of FXa to bypass
the insufficiency of FVIII- or FIX-dependent amplification of
FXa.
The monoclonal antibodies have therapeutic use in the treatment of
disorders of hemostasis such as thrombocytopenia, platelet
disorders and bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia A, hemophilia B
and hemophlia C). Such disorders may be treated by administering a
therapeutically effective amount of the anti-TFPI monoclonal
antibody to a patient in need thereof. The monoclonal antibodies
also have therapeutic use in the treatment of uncontrolled bleeds
in indications such as trauma and hemorrhagic stroke. Thus, also
provided is a method for shortening the bleeding time comprising
administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-TFPI
monoclonal antibody of the invention to a patient in need
thereof.
The antibodies can be used as monotherapy or in combination with
other therapies to address a hemostatic disorder. For example,
co-administration of one or more antibodies of the invention with a
clotting factor such as factor VIIa, factor VIII or factor IX is
believed useful for treating hemophilia. In one embodiment,
provided is a method for treating genetic and acquired deficiencies
or defects in coagulation comprising administering (a) a first
amount of a monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor
pathway inhibitor and (b) a second amount of factor VIII or factor
IX, wherein said first and second amounts together are effective
for treating said deficiencies or defect. In another embodiment,
provided is a method for treating genetic and acquired deficiencies
or defects in coagulation comprising administering (a) a first
amount of a monoclonal antibody that binds to human tissue factor
pathway inhibitor and (b) a second amount of factor VIII or factor
IX, wherein said first and second amounts together are effective
for treating said deficiencies or defects, and further wherein
factor VII is not coadministered. The invention also includes a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective
amount of the combination of a monoclonal antibody of the invention
and factor VIII or factor IX, wherein the composition does not
contain factor VII. "Factor VII" includes factor VII and factor
VIIa. These combination therapies are likely to reduce the
necessary infusion frequency of the clotting factor. By
co-administration or combination therapy is meant administration of
the two therapeutic drugs each formulated separately or formulated
together in one composition, and, when formulated separately,
administered either at approximately the same time or at different
times, but over the same therapeutic period.
In some embodiments, one or more antibodies described herein can be
used in combination to address a hemostatic disorder. For example,
co-administration of two or more of the antibodies described herein
is believed useful for treating hemophilia or other hemostatic
disorder.
The pharmaceutical compositions may be parenterally administered to
subjects suffering from hemophilia A or B at a dosage and frequency
that may vary with the severity of the bleeding episode or, in the
case of prophylactic therapy, may vary with the severity of the
patient's clotting deficiency.
The compositions may be administered to patients in need as a bolus
or by continuous infusion. For example, a bolus administration of
an inventive antibody present as a Fab fragment may be in an amount
of from 0.0025 to 100 mg/kg body weight, 0.025 to 0.25 mg/kg, 0.010
to 0.10 mg/kg or 0.10-0.50 mg/kg. For continuous infusion, an
inventive antibody present as an Fab fragment may be administered
at 0.001 to 100 mg/kg body weight/minute, 0.0125 to 1.25
mg/kg/min., 0.010 to 0.75 mg/kg/min., 0.010 to 1.0 mg/kg/min. or
0.10-0.50 mg/kg/min. for a period of 1-24 hours, 1-12 hours, 2-12
hours, 6-12 hours, 2-8 hours, or 1-2 hours. For administration of
an inventive antibody present as a full-length antibody (with full
constant regions), dosage amounts may be about 1-10 mg/kg body
weight, 2-8 mg/kg, or 5-6 mg/kg. Such full-length antibodies would
typically be administered by infusion extending for a period of
thirty minutes to three hours. The frequency of the administration
would depend upon the severity of the condition. Frequency could
range from three times per week to once every two weeks to six
months.
Additionally, the compositions may be administered to patients via
subcutaneous injection. For example, a dose of 10 to 100 mg
anti-TFPI antibody can be administered to patients via subcutaneous
injection weekly, biweekly or monthly.
As used herein, "therapeutically effective amount" means an amount
of an anti-TFPI monoclonal antibody or of a combination of such
antibody and factor VIII or factor IX that is needed to effectively
increase the clotting time in vivo or otherwise cause a measurable
benefit in vivo to a patient in need. The precise amount will
depend upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to the
components and physical characteristics of the therapeutic
composition, intended patient population, individual patient
considerations, and the like, and can readily be determined by one
skilled in the art.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Cloning, Expression and Quantification of Antibody Expression
Levels
The heavy and light chain of the wild-type Fabs 2A8 and 4B7
carrying a c-myc-tag and a hexa-histidine tag at the C-terminus of
the heavy chain were subcloned into the pET28a bacterial expression
vector (Novagen/Merck Chemicals Ltd., Nottingham, UK) and
transformed into Top10F' cells (Invitrogen GmbH, Karlsruhe,
Germany). Alternatively, other bacterial expression vectors (e.g.
pQE vector system, Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and strains (e.g.
DH5.alpha., Invitrogen GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) can be used.
Variants were generated by standard oligo-based site-directed
mutagenesis and confirmed by DNA sequencing. In particular, amino
acid residues within or surrounding complementary determining
regions were modified within the heavy and/or the light chain.
To be able to use wild-type or mutant antibodies as competitors,
epitope-tags located at are C-terminus of the heavy chain were
either removed or replaced using standard PCR-based techniques. In
particular, for 4B7 the c-myc-tag was exchanged to a haemagglutinin
(HA) epitope tag for all variants analyzed. In contrast, 4B7
wild-type or variants used as competitors carried a c-myc-tag. In
case of 2A8, the c-myc-epitope tag was either replaced by a HA-tag
or deleted, resulting in a variant that only displayed a
6.times.Histidine epitope tag at its C-terminus.
For expression, variants were transformed into the BL21starDE3
Escherichia coli strain (Invitrogen, C6010-03), inoculated into an
overnight culture in LB medium containing kanamycin (30 .mu.g/ml)
and incubated at 37.degree. C. for 18 hours. Expression cultures
were generated by inoculating the overnight culture 1:20 into fresh
LB medium with kanamycin (30 .mu.g/ml). After 6 hours, 1 mM
isopropyl-b-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (Roth, 2316.5) was added to
induce antibody expression and the cultures were incubated for
additional 18 hours at 30.degree. C. Alternatively, overnight
cultures were inoculated 1:20 into the autoinduction medium
Overnight Express TB medium (Merck, 71491) and incubated at 30' C.
for 24 hours.
For quantification of expression levels an ELISA approach was used.
Briefly, MTP plates (Nunc maxisorp black, 460518) were incubated
with a Fab-specific antibody (Sigma, 15260) diluted in coating
buffer (Candor Bioscience GmbII, 121500) at 4.degree. C. over
night, washed with PBST (phosphate buffered saline: 137 mM NaCl,
Merck 1.06404.5000; 2.7 mM KCl, Merck 1.04936.1000; 10 mM
Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, Merck 1.06586.2500, 1.8 mM KH.sub.2PO.sub.4,
Merck 1.04871.5000; containing 0.05% Tween 20 Acros Organics,
233360010), blocked with 2% milk in PBST for 1 h at room
temperature and washed again. Cultures were diluted in 0.25% skim
milk (Fluka analytical, 70166) in PBS and bound to the MTP plates
for 1 h at room temperature. After washing with PBST, captured
antibodies were incubated with a HRP-coupled anti-Fab antibody
(Sigma, A0293) and detected by incubating the plate with 10 .mu.M
amplex red substrate (Invitrogen, A12222) for 10 to 30 minutes at
room temperature in the dark followed by fluorescence measurement.
Expression levels were normalized after determining the
concentration relative to the wild-type purified antibody (2A8 or
4B7).
Example 2
Determination of Activity and Interspecies Cross Reactivity of
Generated Antibody Variants
To determine the activity of the mutated antibody variants on human
or mouse TFPI (American Diagnostica, 4900B and R&D Systems,
2975-P1, respectively) an equilibrium or competitive ELISA assay
format was used. Briefly, MTP plates (either Mesoscale Discovery,
L21XA-4 or Nunc maxisorp black, 460518) were coated with 0.04-2
.mu.g/ml either human or mouse TFPI diluted in phosphate buffered
saline (PBS) or in coating buffer (Candor Bioscience GmbH, 121500),
respectively and incubated over night at 4.degree. C. After
washing, plates were blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (Sigma,
A4503) in PBST for 1 hour at room temperature and the washing step
was repeated. For binding of the antibodies 10-25 .mu.l of
culturing supernatants normalized to their respective antibody
expression level (if not otherwise indicated) were added to the
plates for 1 hour at RT followed by washing with PBST. Bound
wild-type and variants were then either detected by an epitope tag
specific antibody or a competition step was included. For
competition, 50-300 nM competitor or free antigen was added and
incubated for 20 minutes to 24 hours at room temperature. After
washing, the remaining variants were detected with an epitope tag
specific antibody either coupled to horseradish peroxidase (Biomol,
anti-c-myc A190-105P for 2A8 variants and anti-IIAA190-108P for 4B7
variants) or by an anti-myc (Sigma, C3956) or anti-HA antibody
(Sigma, H6908) which was previously labeled with a sulfo-NHS
reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions for
electrochemiluminiscent detection (Mesoscale Discovery, R91AN-1).
For signal detection in maxisorp plates 10 .mu.M amplex red
substrate (Invitrogen,A12222) was added and incubated for 10 to 30
minutes at room temperature in the dark followed by fluorescence
measurement. For the detection in MSD plates MSD read buffer T was
diluted to 2.times. in H.sub.2O (Mesoscale Discovery, R92TC-1),
added to the plates and the electrochemiluminiscence signal was
detected at 620 nm using the Mesoscale Discovery Sector Imager
6000.
Example 3
Single and Multiple Amino Acid Substitutions
Provided in Table 1 are several examples of single amino acid
substitutions introduced into the heavy or light chain of 2A8. The
expression level of the variants was analyzed in quadruples in the
quantification ELISA. After normalization to the respective
expression level, performance was analyzed in quadruples in the
competitive ELISA on human and murine TFPI and variant to wild-type
(wt) ratios were determined. Errors were calculated by error
propagation from the standard deviations.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Analysis of single amino acid substitutions
within 2A8. hTFPI mTFPI 2A8 variants variant/wild-type error
variant/wild-type error HC_S31P 3.6 0.5 2.4 0.3 HC_S31V 9.7 1.1 7.4
4.1 HC_G33K 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.1 HC_G33P 5.1 0.6 2.9 0.4 HC_S35L 1.7 0.1
1.5 0.2 HC_S35D 4.3 0.6 2.6 0.6 HC_I51D 3.9 0.3 1.4 0.2 HC_I51E 7.3
0.6 0.7 0.1 HC_S54F 6.5 0.6 3.1 0.6 HC_S54D 1.7 0.2 1.2 0.2 HC_S55A
2.0 0.3 1.2 0.2 HC_S55R 4.4 1.1 2.1 0.3 HC_K99V 7.5 0.9 3.9 0.5
HC_K99L 13.5 1.4 10.8 2.8 HC_F104Y 2.0 0.3 1.5 0.2 LC_A32N 3.5 0.4
2.0 0.3 LC_Y48F 4.6 0.6 3.2 0.7 LC_N51V 4.4 0.4 2.0 0.4 LC_N52G 3.4
0.5 1.5 0.2 LC_P54L 5.3 0.8 2.7 0.5 LC_D91L 4.2 0.3 1.6 0.5 LC_D91R
3.1 0.5 2.0 0.3 LC_D91W 7.4 0.7 4.0 0.7 LC_D91K 3.5 0.4 1.4 0.2
LC_D92S 3.8 0.5 2.6 0.3 LC_D92T 2.6 0.4 1.2 0.2 LC_V96G 3.2 0.4 1.2
0.2 LC_V96M 3.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 LC_V96W 4.0 0.4 4.3 0.6 HC_S31P 3.6 0.5
2.4 0.3 HC_S31V 9.7 1.1 7.4 4.1 HC_G33K 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.1 HC_G33P 5.1
0.6 2.9 0.4 HC_S35L 1.7 0.1 1.5 0.2 HC_S35D 4.3 0.6 2.6 0.6 HC_I51D
3.9 0.3 1.4 0.2 HC_I51E 7.3 0.6 0.7 0.1 HC_S54F 6.5 0.6 3.1 0.6
HC_S54D 1.7 0.2 1.2 0.2 HC_S55A 2.0 0.3 1.2 0.2 HC_S55R 4.4 1.1 2.1
0.3 HC_K99V 7.5 0.9 3.9 0.5 HC_K99L 13.5 1.4 10.8 2.8 HC_F104Y 2.0
0.3 1.5 0.2 LC_A32N 3.5 0.4 2.0 0.3 LC_Y48F 4.6 0.6 3.2 0.7 LC_N51V
4.4 0.4 2.0 0.4 LC_N52G 3.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 LC_P54L 5.3 0.8 2.7 0.5
LC_D91L 4.2 0.3 1.6 0.5 LC_D91R 3.1 0.5 2.0 0.3 LC_D91W 7.4 0.7 4.0
0.7 LC_D91K 3.5 0.4 1.4 0.2 LC_D92S 3.8 0.5 2.6 0.3 LC_D92T 2.6 0.4
1.2 0.2 LC_V96G 3.2 0.4 1.2 0.2 LC_V96M 3.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 LC_V96W 4.0
0.4 4.3 0.6
Provided in Table 2 are some examples of combined amino acid
substitutions within 2A8 TFPI antibodies. While not every
combination is provided in Table 2, it is contemplated that the
TFPI antibody may comprise any combination of modifications
provided. The expression level of variants was analyzed in
quadruples in the quantification ELISA. If not otherwise indicated,
variants were normalized to the respective expression level and
performance was analyzed in quadruples in the competitive ELISA on
human and murine TFPI followed by calculation of variant to
reference (HC_K99L) ratios. Values are marked with "#" in case
variant performance was analyzed without prior normalization and
variant to reference ratios were normalized to the expression level
by dividing the assay signal by the expression level. In cases were
a different reference was used in the competitive ELISA and
variants were analyzed without prior normalization, values are
marked with "*". For these variants, the value listed in the table
was calculated by multiplying the ratios variant/alternative
reference with alternative reference/HC_K99L. Errors were
calculated by error propagation from the standard deviations.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example of multiple amino acid substitutions
within 2A8. 2A8 HC 2A8 LC Q1 R30 S31 G33 M34 S35 S50 I51 R52 S54
S55 S56 K99 D1 I2 A13 S21 N26 R28 N- 29 H33 Y48 V D F V F P D F L F
D D R V F L F V F V P D F D D L F V D R L F V D D V F P D F F D F L
V D F F D L V P D F V F D E R L F V V V E R V F D L F V F L V P D F
D R L F V D R F V D F V D R F D F R L V L D F V V L E F V D L D L F
V D R V F D R L F D R L S F D R L Y F D R L S F D R L T F D R L A F
D R L P F D R L K F D R L Y F D R L F D R L F D R L F D R L F D R L
F D R L F D R L F E D R L F S D R L F A D R L F I D R L F K D R L F
D A R L F D S R L F D R G L F E S D R G L S Y S T P K F E S D R G L
F D R L S Y S T P K F E S D R G L S Y S T P F E S D R G L S Y S T P
K F E S D R G L S Y S T P F D L F D L F D L F D L F D L F D L F D A
L F D S L F D G L F D G L F E S D G G L F S V D R V F V A D R V F V
A D R V F V D S R V F V D R G V F E V A D R G V F V D R V S Y S T P
K F E V A D R G V S Y S T P K F E V A D R G V S Y S T P K F V D R V
S Y S T P K F V D R V S Y S T P K F 2A8 LC hTFPI mTFPI Y49 N51 N52
G56 E80 S89 D91 D92 G93 V94 P95 V96 variant/HC_K99L error var-
iant/HC_K99L error V 8.1# 0.4 2.2# 0.4 G 6.2# 1.4 2.3# 0.8 V 8.0#
0.5 2.7# 0.4 K 5.0# 0.6 3.1# 0.5 L W 22.5# 1.6 5.9# 1.3 W 0.8# 0.1
0.2# 0.0 G L W 0.4# 0.1 0.1# 0.0 K 0.6# 0.0 0.1# 0.0 V W 0.6 0.2
0.4 0.1 W 6.2 1.6 5.3 1.2 L W 5.4 1.6 4.2 1.0 L W 7.1 1.9 5.4 1.3 V
W 6.6 0.7 5.9 0.9 V L W 10.4 1.3 8.0 1.6 V W 6.7 0.9 5.6 1.0 L W
9.2 1.0 7.0 1.9 V D W 18.8 2.1 18.7 2.6 V 16.3 1.8 15.7 2.6 V L
12.2 1.1 11.7 2.2 V L W 17.8 2.1 13.4 5.4 V L W 8.7 0.9 8.2 3.9 V
7.5 0.9 7.2 1.9 V L 8.4 0.9 6.5 1.4 L W 14.9 1.6 12.1 4.8 V K 8.6
1.0 8.2 1.4 V K 4.9 0.6 3.9 0.7 3.9 0.7 4.5 0.7 L W 18.8 1.7 18.2
3.4 L W 16.4 1.5 11.9 4.0 V W 19.7 2.2 17.4 3.8 V W 21.9* 5.3 22.0*
8.9 V W 18.7* 4.2 19.0* 6.8 V W 20.1* 6.2 19.9* 7.4 V W 19.5* 4.5
18.8* 6.6 V W 4.1* 1.1 4.1* 1.5 V W 22.0* 5.7 23.2* 9.1 V W 20.0*
5.8 18.9* 7.1 V W 14.0* 3.4 11.2* 4.4 V M W 23.1* 5.5 21.2* 7.5 V A
W 18.6* 5.0 18.2* 6.8 V W S 23.9* 6.3 22.8* 7.6 V W S 17.0* 4.0
16.5* 5.9 V W T 22.8* 6.4 19.9* 8.0 V W V 15.7* 3.9 13.7* 5.1 V A W
S S T A 10.9* 3.1 9.0* 4.0 V W 20.9* 5.3 20.3* 7.4 V W 17.9* 4.5
19.1* 6.9 V W 16.0* 3.6 14.7* 5.2 V W 19.6* 4.9 18.1* 6.8 V W 11.2*
2.8 11.6* 4.1 V W 10.9* 2.8 12.6* 4.4 V W 10.1* 2.7 7.9* 2.7 V W
21.4* 5.2 18.7* 7.2 V M A W S S T 18.3* 4.6 13.3* 4.3 V W 11.9* 2.1
9.3* 2.9 V M A W S S T 21.4* 3.6 16.8* 5.8 V M A W S S T 18.8* 4.4
12.3* 3.5 V M W 19.8* 3.3 15.5* 4.8 V M W 18.7* 3.4 15.1* 4.6 S L W
19.9* 4.0 20.3* 5.7 A L W 4.4* 1.3 6.1* 1.7 L S W 20.7* 4.1 20.5*
6.7 L S W 14.2* 2.7 15.6* 4.2 L T W 18.6* 4.0 19.3* 5.4 L V W 10.2*
2.1 13.6* 4.6 L W 4.0* 0.9 4.6* 1.3 L W 3.9* 1.2 3.0* 1.0 L W 18.1*
4.3 18.2* 5.8 L W 17.8* 4.2 16.9* 5.0 L W 13.6* 2.8 10.6* 3.6 L W
13.5* 2.8 6.5* 3.3 L W 9.0* 2.0 4.7* 2.3 L W 16.6* 3.8 9.3* 4.3 L W
11.7* 2.9 7.9* 4.6 L W 16.2* 3.9 12.1* 6.0 L W 12.1* 2.8 7.7* 3.8 R
S M L S T W 2.2* 0.9 2.4* 1.4 S M L S T W 11.4* 2.7 7.1* 3.6 M L S
T W 9.8* 2.5 5.9* 2.0 S M L S T W 19.6* 3.5 21.4* 9.6 M L S T W
18.0* 4.9 15.4* 7.6
Provided in Table 3 are several examples of single and/or double
amino acid substitutions introduced into the heavy and/or light
chain of 4B7. The expression level of the variants was analyzed in
quadruples in the quantification ELISA. After normalization to the
respective expression level, performance was analyzed in quadruples
in the competitive ELISA on human TFPI and in the equilibrium ELISA
on murine TFPI followed by determination of variant to wild-type
ratios. Errors were calculated by error propagation from the
standard deviations.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Analysis of single and double amino acid
substitutions within 4B7. hTFPI mTFPI 4B7 variants
variant/wild-type error variant/wild-type error HC_N32D 3.8 0.7 6.0
2.9 HC_N32E 3.2 1.0 2.1 0.3 HC_S33G 1.5 0.3 6.5 1.2 HC_S57K 1.7 0.4
6.5 1.1 HC_S57R 2.0 0.4 6.6 1.4 HC_D62I 9.8 1.6 44.4 11.6 HC_D62R
32.3 4.5 230.2 34.1 HC_D62L 6.8 1.2 22.9 6.1 HC_D62Q 20.6 2.8 142.5
28.0 HC_D62S 29.3 4.3 146.5 40.4 HC_H103D 2.4 0.4 12.9 2.0 HC_H103G
1.4 0.3 10.7 2.0 HC_Y112D 2.9 0.6 5.7 1.3 LC_S32R 4.2 0.7 7.8 1.5
LC_S32Y 2.0 0.4 6.7 1.2 LC_D33F 5.3 1.3 7.0 2.6 LC_D33R 3.6 0.7 7.2
1.9 LC_N35I 3.6 0.7 7.1 1.5 LC_N35L 2.1 1.0 6.0 1.3 LC_N35T 5.4 1.0
3.4 1.1 LC_Y37F 3.6 0.7 1.9 0.6 LC_S57Y 1.6 0.4 2.2 0.4 LC_S61C 3.1
0.5 15.3 4.2 LC_D97M 2.4 0.5 1.3 0.4 LC_D97T 1.8 0.3 5.5 1.6
HC_N61G 2.2 0.5 1.4 0.3 HC_D62V 31.9 5.6 95.0 20.4 HC_D62N 52.3 9.5
146.4 28.9 HC_H107M 8.1 1.6 5.6 1.7 LC_F31I 9.1 2.1 23.6 4.3
LC_F31M 1.7 0.4 1.3 0.4 LC_N35V LC_G56D 1.9 0.4 8.2 1.7 LC_N35L
LC_G56A 3.1 0.7 6.9 1.6 LC_D33F LC_Y54F 4.3 0.9 7.9 1.9 HC_S30R
HC_S57K 1.6 0.3 6.6 1.1 HC_N61G HC_D62V 8.0 1.1 31.1 9.1 HC_H107M
LC_F31I 1.7 0.7 9.2 2.7 HC_G109A LC_D33R 3.8 0.6 8.0 1.3 HC_N61T
LC_G167C 2.8 0.4 6.4 1.6 HC_K58M HC_D62N 6.6 1.2 15.2 4.5
Provided in Table 4 are some examples of combinations of amino acid
substitutions within 4B7 TFPI antibodies. While not every
combination is provided in Table 4, it is contemplated that the
TFPI antibody may comprise any combination of modifications
provided. The expression level of variants was analyzed in
quadruples in the quantification ELISA. If not otherwise indicated,
variants were normalized to the respective expression level and
performance was analyzed in quadruples in the competitive ELISA on
human and murine TFPI followed by calculation of variant to
reference (HC_D62R) ratios. In cases were a different reference was
used and variants were analyzed without prior normalization, values
are marked with "*". For these variants, the value listed in the
table was calculated by multiplying the ratios variant/alternative
reference with alternative reference/HC_D62R. Errors were
calculated by error propagation from the standard deviations. nb:
no binding detected under assay conditions used.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example of multiple amino acid substitutions
within 4B7. HC_4B7 LC_4B7 Q1 N32 S37 G44 I53 K55 D62 H103 H107 Y112
M4 V30 F31 S32 D33 N35 T36 Y37 N- 39 L42 K44 Q50 D R D R I D R M D
I R I D R D R I D S M D R R T D R D I R R M D F I D R D F I D R D I
F I R M D M F R M D I R I D R D M D R T D Q D M R F I D R D R F I D
R M D R F T D Q M D R T D Q M D R T D R M R R I D R M D I R I D R D
M R R I R D F I D R M D I R D R M D M L R I D R M D M F I D Q M D M
R F I D R D T D R M D M R D R M D M R I D R M D M F T Q D R F I D Q
D R R I D R M D I I D Q M D R F I D Q D I F I R M D M F I D Q M D I
R R I R M D T D R M D M R R D R M D I R F I D R D M D R D Q D R R I
R M D R F I D R M D I R F T D Q M D R R D R M D M R R I D R M D R T
D R M D M R F D R M D M R R T S M D R F I R M D I R F I D Q M D M F
T F D R D R R D R M D F T F D Q M D I D Q M D R F D R M D R Q M D F
I D R M D R I D R M D R T D R M D R T D R D R F I D R M D M R F I R
D R F I D R D L R F I D R D I R F I D R D L R F I D R D H R F I D R
D Y R F I D R D R F I N D R D R F I D D R D R F I Q D R D R F I R D
R D R F I R D R D R F I D R D R F I D R D R F I D R D R F I D R D R
F I E D R D R F I D N R D R F I D S R D R F I D T R D R F I D Y R D
R F I D K D R F I D Q D R F I E D S Y R D L R F I N D R D L R F I N
E D S Y R D R F I D Q D L I F I D Q D I F I N D Q D I F I Q D Q D I
F I R D Q D I F I D Q D I F I D T Q D I F I D Y Q D I F I E D S Y R
D L R I N D R D L R I N E D S Y R D R I LC_4B7 hTFPI mTFPI L51 K55
G56 A60 D97 S98 variant/HC_D62R error variant/HC_D62R error 26.1
2.2 30.1 4.3 T 18.2 3.6 8.7 1.4 22.9 2.5 19.5 3.2 19.6 1.9 20.3 3.2
13.6 1.4 14.6 2.4 20.0 3.4 36.6 9.8 T 25.5 1.7 15.9 2.6 T 23.3 3.1
11.9 2.2 24.2 1.8 31.3 5.0 22.0 2.2 35.4 5.0 14.0 1.7 18.4 2.7 20.8
1.6 15.8 2.1 29.7 2.2 42.0 5.9 29.2 1.9 44.1 7.2 23.7 1.4 18.8 3.2
25.0 2.0 27.1 5.0 12.9 1.4 16.1 2.4 29.8 2.9 43.0 7.0 15.8 1.0 11.2
2.0 20.3 1.5 20.8 3.6 30.1 1.6 27.9 6.9 T 32.2 3.1 26.7 4.5 28.4
2.2 46.8 7.6 T 19.0 1.8 12.0 2.9 T 26.0 3.2 9.5 2.9 26.9 2.9 24.6
4.7 21.3 1.8 23.0 8.6 29.9 2.2 34.3 5.6 23.6 1.9 38.1 5.7 21.4 1.5
23.5 4.4 28.8 2.6 30.0 5.2 24.7 4.2 46.6 6.2 22.4 3.0 14.0 5.6 30.9
3.0 47.0 7.9 T 20.2 1.7 11.5 1.9 T 20.1 2.1 19.4 3.4 18.6 1.4 13.9
2.1 T 28.7 3.2 20.6 5.0 17.7 1.4 16.0 2.9 T 17.2 1.0 13.4 1.9 24.1
2.5 50.3 6.6 29.5 2.9 19.7 3.5 24.9 2.3 24.7 3.2 T 16.9 1.5 9.6 1.7
T 27.7 2.5 15.8 2.5 T 21.9 1.7 16.5 3.7 17.0 2.1 18.7 2.5 18.2 3.5
31.7 5.7 T 20.4 2.5 18.2 2.6 19.4 3.2 35.3 5.6 14.8 2.7 7.2 1.3
35.7 4.3 57.5 9.1 22.2 1.6 16.4 2.5 23.2 1.7 16.9 3.8 25.3 2.6 20.3
2.6 22.7 1.4 31.7 5.1 T 29.1 1.8 28.1 4.9 25.3 2.8 29.3 4.8 28.2
2.7 29.3 4.5 T 26.2 2.9 40.0 6.1 27.0 1.5 32.3 4.9 21.9 2.0 39.9
5.9 T 21.3* 6.7 23.9* 4.7 T 19.3* 5.3 12* 2.8 T 26.1* 7.6 42.2*
10.1 T 22.1* 6.8 15.2* 3.2 T 27.9* 9.8 39.7* 10.4 T 25.2* 7.6 35.4*
8.8 T 1.3* 0.5 nb 0.0 T 26.9* 7.6 43* 10.5 T 26* 8.1 40.1* 9.1 T
25.9* 7.4 39.4* 10.4 R T 11.2* 3.6 5.2* 1.5 L T 7.8* 2.0 nb 0.0 V T
12.1* 3.4 nb 0.0 D T 19.1* 6.2 14.3* 3.6 T H 17.9* 5.3 7.1* 1.7 T
26.7* 9.0 39.8* 8.9 T 1.9* 0.7 nb 0.0 T 26.5* 8.1 41.5* 10.2 T
19.6* 6.0 8.3* 2.3 T 25.6* 8.5 42.8* 10.4 T 22.7* 7.1 38.8* 8.8 T
23.2* 7.0 40* 8.8 T 20.4* 5.3 29.4* 6.3 T 23.9* 4.9 28.4* 8.2 T
26.3* 4.8 45.1* 9.6 22.9* 8.0 24.6* 12.8 27.3* 8.9 46.3* 23.5 21.4*
6.9 16.7* 8.9 22.8* 7.9 18.5* 9.6 T 14.4* 4.2 4.6* 2.5 H 13.5* 4.8
nb 0.0 5.7* 1.5 nb 0.0 25.6* 9.0 26.2* 13.3 23* 5.0 9.9* 3.3 25*
4.3 7* 4.2 22.6* 3.9 25.5* 5.8
Example 4
Purification of Antibodies
Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 9000 rpm for 30 min at
4.degree. C. and stored at -20.degree. C. Supernatant was
buffered-exchanged with buffer A (50 mM NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, 300 mM
NaCl, 10 mM imidazole pH8.0), concentrated and purified using a
two-step purification procedure. Briefly, 100 ml concentrated
supernatant was loaded on a 5 ml Ni-NTA superflow column (Qiagen,
1018142) washed first with 5.times. column volumes of buffer A
followed by 5.times. column volumes of 4.3% buffer B (50 mM
NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, 300 mM NaCl, 250 mM imidazole pH8.0) and eluted
with 7 volumes of buffer B. Fractions are combined and dialyzed in
PBS. In a second purification step the Ni-NTA purified antibodies
were incubated with a light chain-specific affinity matrix, i.e.
capture select lambda or kappa (BAC 0849.010 and BAC 0833.10,
respectively) for 2A8 and 4B7, respectively. After incubation at
4.degree. C. over night the matrix was loaded into a column, washed
with 5 volumes of PBS, 5 volumes of 500 mM arginine 100 mM
NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, 100 mM NaCl pH6.0 and again 5 volumes of PBS.
Antibodies were eluted with 6 volumes of 100 mM glycine pH3.0
followed by 3 volumes of 100 mM glycine pH2.0 into 1/10 of total
volume of 1M HEPES pH 7.5 to neutralize the elutes. Finally,
eluates were dialyzed in PBS over night at 4.degree. C. Purified
antibodies were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry.
Example 5
Measure Affinity of Antibody Binding to TFPI Using Surface Plasmon
Resonance (Biacore)
Either human or mouse TFPI, was immobilized on the surface for
analysis. The CMS-chips and the amine coupling kit (GE HealthCare)
were used for the immobilization of the ligand according to the
instructions from the manufacturer. The amount of immobilized TFPI
was approximately 70 RU to adapt to the mass of antibody that could
generate RMax of 100 RU. Parental and affinity matured anti-TFPI
antibodies were in the mobile phase. The affinity determination was
performed with at least five different concentrations (0.1, 0.4,
1.6, 6.4 and 25 nM) of the purified antibodies.
By analyzing antibody variants that contain single mutations in CDR
regions, we identified many clones that had a higher signal in the
Elisa binding assay. Selected clones were purified and their
affinity to human or mouse TFPI was analyzed using Biacore. As
shown in Table 5 and Table 6, these clones have higher affinity to
TFPI than do the parental antibodies 2A8 or 4B7. Although some of
the 2A8 mutants have slower associate rate (ka) than the parental
antibody 2A8, all of these mutants have much slower dissociate rate
(kd) than 2A8. Overall, these single mutations increase affinity of
2A8 in the range from 1.47 fold to 7.22 fold on human TFPI, and
1.71 fold to 7.20 fold on mouse TFPI. When we analyzed 4B7
variants, the D62R mutation in heavy chain CDR2 domain
significantly increased the signal. This clone was chosen for
affinity measurement. As shown in Table 5 and Table 6, this single
mutation increases 4B7's affinity to human TFPI from 11.1 nM to
58.2 pM, a 191 fold improvement. The slow dissociate rate (kd) of
4B7HcD62R mainly contributes to its affinity improvement, from
8.40.times.10.sup.-3/s of 4B7 to 1.65.times.10.sup.-4 of 4B7HcD62R,
approximately 50 fold improvement. Similarly, this mutation
increases the 4B7's affinity to mouse TFPI from 58.6 nM to 427 pM,
a 137-fold improvement.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Affinity of selected 2A8 or 4B7 variants
(single mutation) on human TFPI Im- prove- Sample Clone ka (1/Ms)
kd (1/s) KD (M) ment 2A8-1 HC_G33P 2.71E+06 2.24E-03 8.27E-10 2.70
2A8-2 HC_S31P 2.91E+06 3.33E-03 1.15E-09 1.95 2A8-3 HC_S31V
3.84E+06 1.43E-03 3.73E-10 6.00 2A8-4 HC_S35D 4.01E+06 3.80E-03
9.50E-10 2.35 2A8-6 HC_I51E 1.29E+06 1.62E-03 1.26E-09 1.78 2A8-7
HC_S54F 2.81E+06 2.04E-03 7.27E-10 3.08 2A8-8 HC_S55R 4.30E+06
3.94E-03 9.17E-10 2.44 2A8-9 HC_K99L 2.60E+06 8.03E-04 3.09E-10
7.22 2A8-10 HC_K99V 2.55E+06 2.54E-03 9.95E-10 2.25 2A8-11 LC_A32N
2.70E+06 4.10E-03 1.52E-09 1.47 2A8-12 HC_I51D 3.61E+06 4.95E-03
1.37E-09 1.63 2A8-13 LC_N51V 4.26E+06 2.20E-03 5.18E-10 4.32 2A8-14
LC_Y48F 2.64E+06 3.00E-03 1.14E-09 1.97 2A8-15 LC_D91K 4.33E+06
2.09E-03 4.82E-10 4.64 2A8-16 LC_D91L 4.41E+06 4.40E-03 9.99E-10
2.24 2A8-17 LC_D91W 3.86E+06 4.32E-03 1.12E-09 2.00 2A8-20 2A8wt
3.13E+06 7.00E-03 2.24E-09 1.00 4B7HcD62R HC_D62R 2.83E+06 1.65E-04
5.82E-11 190.83 4B7 4B7wt 7.56E+05 8.40E-03 1.11E-08 1.00
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Affinity of selected 2A8 and 4B7 variants
(single mutation) on mouse TFPI Im- prove- Sample Clone ka (1/Ms)
kd (1/s) KD (M) ment 2A8-1 HC_G33P 9.12E+05 1.45E-03 1.59E-09 2.21
2A8-2 HC_S31P 1.53E+06 3.16E-03 2.06E-09 1.71 2A8-3 HC_S31V
3.39E+06 2.02E-03 5.95E-10 5.91 2A8-4 HC_S35D 1.25E+06 2.46E-03
1.98E-09 1.78 2A8-7 HC_S54F 8.84E+05 1.83E-03 2.07E-09 1.69 2A8-9
HC_K99L 1.56E+06 7.59E-04 4.88E-10 7.20 2A8-17 LC_D91W 2.86E+06
2.32E-03 8.14E-10 4.32 2A8wt 2A8wt 1.47E+06 5.17E-03 3.51E-09 1.00
4B7HcD62R HC_D62R 8.58E+06 3.67E-03 4.27E-10 137.00 4B7wt 4B7wt
2.18E+06 1.28E-01 5.86E-08 1.00
Next, binding affinity of multiple mutations within 2A8 and 4B7 was
investigated. As shown in Table 7(a) and Table 8(a), the mutants of
2A8 that contain multiple mutations in CDR domains have higher
affinity than single mutated 2A8 on both human TFPI and mouse TFPI
binding. For example, 2A8-200 has 53.7 fold higher affinity than
2A8 on human TFPI binding, and 55.4 fold higher affinity on mouse
TFPI binding. As shown in Table 7(b) and Table 8(b), the mutants of
4B7 that contain multiple mutations in CDR domains have higher
affinity than single mutated 4B7 on both human TFPI and mouse TFPI
binding. Those variants from the parental 2A8 and 4B7 sequences
provided in Tables 7 and 8 have also been provided in the sequence
listing. SEQ ID NOs: 5-11 correspond to the heavy chain variants of
2A8 listed in Table 7 and 8. SEQ ID NOs: 12-18 correspond to the
light chain variants of 2A8. SEQ ID NOs: 19-26 correspond to the
heavy chain variants of 4B7 listed in Table 7 and 8. SEQ ID NOs:
27-34 correspond to the light chain variants of 4B7.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7(a) Affinity of selected 2A8 variants
(multiple mutations) on human TFPI 2A8 HC 2A8 LC Samples Q1 R30 S31
S35 I51 S55 S56 K99 D1 I2 A13 S21 R28 N29 Y48 N51 G56 E- 80 S89
2A8-127 D L F V D 2A8-143 D R L F V 2A8-200 D R L F V 2A8-216 V D R
V F 2A8-227 D L F 2A8-g200 E S D R G L S Y S T P K F V M A 2A8-g216
V D R V S Y S T P K F S M 2A8 wt 2A8 LC KD fold Samples D91 D92 G93
V94 V96 ka (1/Ms) kd (1/s) KD (M) improvement 2A8-127 W 1.68E+06
1.41E-04 8.41E-11 22 2A8-143 L W 2.88E+06 1.05E-04 3.64E-11 50.9
2A8-200 W 2.87E+06 9.88E-05 3.44E-11 53.7 2A8-216 L W 3.29E+06
1.54E-04 4.67E-11 39.6 2A8-227 L W 3.28E+06 1.23E-04 3.75E-11 49.4
2A8-g200 W S S T 6.17E+05 3.61E-05 5.84E-11 31.7 2A8-g216 L S T W
1.45E+06 5.29E-05 3.65E-11 50.7 2A8 wt 2.05E+06 3.80E-03 1.85E-09
1
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7(B) Affinity of selected 4B7 variants
(multiple mutations) on human TFPI 4B7 HC 4B7 LC KD fold Samples Q1
N32 G44 K55 D62 Y112 F31 S32 D33 N35 D97 ka (1/Ms) kd (1/s) KD (M)
improvement B18.5 D Q D I F I 1.23E+06 3.18E-05 2.60E-11 428.2 B2.0
D R D R F I T 7.46E+06 3.81E-05 5.10E-12 2177.8 B27.1 D R D T T
2.78E+06 3.53E-05 1.27E-11 874.9 B32.5 R D F I 2.15E+06 3.19E-05
1.48E-11 748.7 B41.2 D R D R F I 3.46E+06 2.47E-05 7.16E-12 1552.7
B9.7 D R D R I 2.97E+06 2.61E-05 8.78E-12 1266.2 gB9.7 E D S Y R D
R I 9.38E+05 9.55E-06 1.02E-11 1091.5 gB9.7-IgG D S Y R D R I
2.03E+06 1.56E-05 7.65E-12 1450.9 4B7 7.56E+05 8.40E-03 1.11E-08
1
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 8(a) Affinity of selected 2A8 variants
(multiple mutations) on mouse TFPI 2A8 HC Sample Q1 R30 S31 S35 I51
S55 S56 K99 2A8-127 D L 2A8-143 D R L 2A8-200 D R L 2A8-216 V D R V
2A8-227 D L 2A8-g200 E S D R G L 2A8-g216 V D R V 2A8 wt 2A8 LC
Sample D1 I2 A13 S21 R28 N29 Y48 N51 2A8-127 F V 2A8-143 F V
2A8-200 F V 2A8-216 F 2A8-227 F 2A8-g200 S Y S T P K F V 2A8-g216 S
Y S T P K F S 2A8 wt 2A8 LC Sample G56 E80 S89 D91 D92 G93 V94 V96
2A8-127 D W 2A8-143 L W 2A8-200 W 2A8-216 L W 2A8-227 L W 2A8-g200
M A W S S T 2A8-g216 M L S T W 2A8 wt KD feld Sample Ka (1/Ms) Kd
(1/s) KD (M) improvement 2A8-127 8.24E+05 1.47E-03 1.78E-10 18.5
2A8-143 1.40E+06 1.25E-03 6.78E-11 48.5 2A8-200 1.04E+06 6.19E-04
5.94E-11 55.4 2A8-216 4.19E+06 2.16E-04 5.15E-11 63.9 2A8-227
6.91E+06 1.06E-03 1.53E-10 21.4 2A8-g200 1.15E+06 1.39E-04 1.21E-10
27.3 2A8-g216 9.84E+05 7.78E-05 7.91E-11 41.6 2A8 wt 9.40E+05
3.10E-03 3.29E-09 1
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 8(B) Affinity of selected 4B7 variants
(multiple mutations) on mouse TFPI 4B7 HC 4B7 LC KD fold Samples Q1
N32 G44 K55 D62 Y112 F31 S32 D33 N35 D97 ka (1/Ms) kd (1/s) KD (M)
improvement B18.5 D Q D I F I 1.09E+06 4.30E-04 3.95E-10 138.7 B2.0
D R D R F I T 6.99E+06 3.15E-04 4.51E-11 1213.5 B27.1 D R D T T
4.06E+06 7.42E-04 1.83E-10 299.3 B32.5 R D F I 4.52E+06 4.68E-04
1.04E-10 528.4 B41.2 D R D R F I 4.73E+06 2.45E-04 5.19E-11 1055.7
B9.7 D R D R I 3.59E+06 3.34E-04 9.31E-11 588.2 gB9.7 E D S Y R D R
I 9.29E+05 1.85E-04 1.99E-10 275.4 gB9.7-IgG D S Y R D R I 2.70E+06
2.36E-05 8.75E-12 6251.4 4B7 3.15E+06 1.72E-01 5.47E-08 1
Example 6
Affinity-Improved Antibodies Showed More Potency in Restoring FXa
Activity
To determine if affinity-improved anti-TFPI antibodies also
improved their potency in restoring FXa activity by blocking the
inhibitory effect of TFPI protein, we performed a FXa restoring
assay. In this assay, a various indicated amount of the individual
affinity-improved antibodies (30 .mu.L) was incubated with the
fixed amount of human, mouse or rat recombinant TFPI (20 .mu.L, 6.6
nM) in a total reaction mixture of 50 .mu.l for 30 min at room
temperature. After incubation, 50 .mu.L of FXa (3.39 nM) was added
to the reaction mixture and incubated at 37.degree. C. for 30 min.
Then, 20 .mu.L of Spectrozyme FXa substrate was added to the
reaction mixture. After incubation of 12 min, the absorbance of
each well was read at 405 nm using a plate reader (Molecular
Device). For each experiment, a linear standard curve of the same
amount of FXa (3.39 nM) inhibited by known amounts of TFPI was
obtained. The 100% restored FXa activity was defined as the FXa
activity without adding any amount of TFPI and 0% activity was
defined as the FXa activity in the presence of TFPI protein (6.6
nM). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was thus
calculated for each individual anti-TFPI antibody, some of which
are provided in Table 9. The half maximal effective concentration
(EC50) was also calculated for selected 2A8 second-round variants
and provided in Table 10.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 9 IC50 and potency improvement for selected
anti-TFPI antibodies with single amino acid substitutions using a
FXa restoring assay as compared to their parental antibodies, 2A8
and 4B7, respectively. IC 50 Sample Clone (.mu.g/mL) Improvement
2A8-2 HC_S31P 0.33 1.7 2A8-3 HC_S31V 0.201 3.5 2A8-4 HC_S35D 0.55
1.1 2A8-6 HC_I51E 0.76 0.9 2A8-7 HC_S54F 0.35 2.0 2A8-9 HC_K99L
0.181 3.9 2A8-10 HC_K99V 0.39 1.6 2A8-14 LC_Y48F 0.34 1.9 2A8-15
LC_D91K 0.34 1.9 2A8-16 LC_D91L 0.37 1.7 2A8-17 LC_D91W 0.23 3.0
2A8-20 2A8wt 0.70 1.0 4B7HcD62R HC_D62R 0.058 25 4B7 4B7wt 1.46
1.0
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 10 EC50 and fold improvement for the selected
anti-TFPI antibodies having multiple amino acid substitutions as
compared to the parental 2A8. 2A8 HC 2A8 LC EC50 Samples S31 S35
I51 S55 K99 Y48 N51 G56 D91 V96 (nM) Improvement 2A8-127 D L F V D
W 0.44 18.2 2A8-143 D R L F V L W 0.50 15.8 2A8-200 D R L F V W
0.81 9.7 2A8-216 V D R V F L W 1.08 7.3 2A8-9 L 1.00 7.9 2A8 wt
7.91 1.00
Example 7
Affinity-Improved Antibodies Showed More Potency in Shortening
Clotting Time in a dPT Assay
To confirm if these affinity-improved antibodies also improved the
potency in shortening clotting time, a dPT is carried out
determining the effect of selected affinity-matured antibodies on
clotting time using human hemophilia A plasma. The dPT assay is
done essentially as described in Welsch et al. (Thrombosis Res.,
1991, 64(2): 213-222). Briefly, human hemophilia A plasma (George
King Biomedical) is prepared by mixing plasma with 0.1 volumes of
control buffer (as a negative control) or indicated anti-TFPI
antibodies. After incubation for 30 min at 25.degree. C., each of
the prepared plasma samples (100 .mu.L) is combined with 100 .mu.L
of appropriately diluted (1:500 dilution) Simplastiu (Biometieux)
as a source of thromboplastin and 100 .mu.L of 25 mM calcium
chloride. The clotting time is determined using a fibrometer STA4
(Stago) right after adding calcium chloride.
Example 8
Affinity-Improved Antibodies Showed More Potency in Shortening
Whole Blood Clotting Time Using Anti-Factor Viii Antibody-Induced
Human Hemophilia A Blood
To confirm if affinity-improved antibodies show more potency in
shortening clotting time, we used a ROTEM system to test the effect
of these antibodies on clotting time in human FVIII-neutralizing
antibody-induced hemophilia A blood, which mimics the blood from
hemophilia A patients with inhibitors. The ROTEM system (Pentapharm
GmbH) includes a four-channel instrument, a computer, plasma
standards, activators and disposable cups and pins.
Thrombelastographic parameters of ROTEM hemostasis systems
includes: Clotting Time (CT), which reflects the reaction time (the
time required to obtain 2 mm amplitude following the initiation of
data collection) to initiate blood clotting; Clot Formation Time
(CFT) and the alpha angle to reflect cloning propagation, and the
maximum amplitude and the maximum elastic modulus to reflect clot
firmness. In a ROTEM assay, 300 .mu.l of freshly drawn citrated
whole blood, in which the FVIII activity was neutralized by
addition of polyclonal antibodies against FVIII, was used to test
the effect of affinity-improved anti-TFPI antibodies as compared to
the parental anti-TFPI antibodies. All constituents were
reconstituted and mixed according to the manufacturer's
instructions, with data collection for the time period required for
each system. Briefly, samples were mixed by withdrawing/dispensing
300 .mu.l of blood or plasma with an automated pipette into ROTEM
cups with 20 .mu.l of CaCl.sub.2 (200 mmol) added, followed
immediately by mixing of the sample and initiation of data
collection. Data were collected for 2 hours using a
computer-controlled (software version 2.96) ROTEM system.
An exemplary result of ROTEM assay in detecting the effect of
affinity-improved anti-TFPI antibodies in shortening blood clotting
time is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 shows the effect of selected
first round affinity-maturated anti-TFPI antibodies on clotting
time of human antibody-induced hemophilia blood. The much
affinity-improved antibodies, 2A8-9 and 2A8-17 shows much more
potency in shortening clotting time in human antibody-induced
hemophilia A blood, whereas 2A8-10, whose binding affinity to TFPI
was not improved, remained a similar clotting potency, as compared
to the parental 2A8 antibody.
Example 9
Affinity-Improved Antibodies Show Better Survival Rate in a
Tail-Vein-Transection Model of Hemophilia A Mice
To determine if affinity-improved antibodies are more potency in a
protective effect on bleeding mice, a tail-vein-transection model
of hemophilia A mice was used. Mice were dosed via tail vein
infusion with a various indicated amount of the parental anti-TFPI
antibody 2A8 or the various indicated amount of A200, 24 hr prior
to the injury. At 24 hours post-dosing, the left vein of the tail
at 2.7 mm from the tip (in diameter) was transected. Survival was
observed over 24 hours post transection. Survival rate was
demonstrated to be dose-dependent when given with recombinant FVIII
(10 IU/kg to 30 IU/kg).
FIG. 4 shows that a selected affinity-improved antibody A200
significantly prolonged the survival of hemophilia A mice in a
dose-dependent manner as compared to control mouse IgG1 (CTX IgG1),
and displayed a better survival rate than the parental antibody 2A8
at each of the equivalent doses.
Example 10
Affinity-Improved Antibodies Showed Enhanced Clotting Using Human
Hemophilia C (FXI-Deficient) Plasma
Further, a ROTEM assay was utilized to test the effect of the
antibodies on clotting time in human Factor XI deficient
(FXI-deficient) plasma, which mimics the hemophilia C patients. The
result of this ROTEM assay in detecting the effect of
affinity-improved anti-TFPI antibodies in shortening plasma
clotting time is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows that a 2A8 variant.
2A8-200, enhanced clotting in human hemophilia C plasma in a
dose-dependent manner and its effects are comparable to those of
recombinant FVIIa.
While the present invention has been described with reference to
the specific embodiments and examples, it should be understood that
various modifications and changes may be made and equivalents may
be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of
the invention. The specification and examples are, accordingly, to
be regarded in an illustrative rather then a restrictive sense.
Furthermore, all articles, books, patent applications and patents
referred to herein are incorporated herein by reference in their
entireties.
SEQUENCE LISTINGS
1
461117PRTHomo sapiens 1Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu
Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Arg Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ser Ile Arg Gly
Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Arg Lys Tyr Arg Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu
100 105 110 Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 2108PRTHomo sapiens 2Asp Ile
Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15
Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr Ala 20
25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile
Tyr 35 40 45 Tyr Asp Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe
Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser
Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser
Trp Asp Asp Gly Val Pro Val 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu
Thr Val Leu Gly Gln 100 105 3123PRTHomo sapiens 3Gln Val Gln Leu
Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu
Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asn 20 25 30
Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser Trp Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu 35
40 45 Trp Leu Gly Ile Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Asp Tyr
Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr
Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80 Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro
Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp
Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp Tyr 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120 4114PRTHomo sapiens 4Asp Ile Val Met Thr
Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala
Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Ser 20 25 30 Asp
Gly Asn Thr Tyr Leu Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40
45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro
50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85 90 95 Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr
5117PRTArtificialVariant 5Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly
Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Arg Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Asp Trp Val Arg
Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ser Ile Arg
Gly Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly
Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85
90 95 Ala Arg Leu Tyr Arg Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 6117PRTArtificialVariant
6Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Arg Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Asp Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ser Ile Arg Gly Ser Arg Ser Ser Thr Tyr
Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Leu Tyr Arg
Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Val
Ser Ser 115 7117PRTArtificialVariant 7Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser
Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser
Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Arg Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Asp
Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser
Ser Ile Arg Gly Ser Arg Ser Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55
60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Leu Tyr Arg Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
8117PRTArtificialVariant 8Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly
Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Arg Val Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Ser Trp Val Arg
Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ser Asp Arg
Gly Ser Arg Ser Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly
Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85
90 95 Ala Arg Val Tyr Arg Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 9117PRTArtificialVariant
9Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Arg Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Asp Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ser Ile Arg Gly Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Tyr
Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Leu Tyr Arg
Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Val
Ser Ser 115 10117PRTArtificialVariant 10Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser
Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser
Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Asp
Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser
Ser Ile Arg Gly Ser Arg Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55
60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Leu Tyr Arg Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
11117PRTArtificialVariant 11Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly
Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Arg Val Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Ser Trp Val Arg
Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ser Asp Arg
Gly Ser Arg Ser Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly
Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85
90 95 Ala Arg Val Tyr Arg Tyr Trp Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 12108PRTArtificialVariant
12Asp Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1
5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr
Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val
Val Ile Phe 35 40 45 Tyr Asp Val Asn Arg Pro Ser Asp Ile Pro Glu
Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr
Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys
Gln Ser Trp Asp Asp Gly Val Pro Trp 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr
Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln 100 105 13108PRTArtificialVariant 13Asp
Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10
15 Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr Ala
20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val
Ile Phe 35 40 45 Tyr Asp Val Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile
Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
Ser Trp Leu Asp Gly Val Pro Trp 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys
Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln 100 105 14108PRTArtificialVariant 14Asp Ile
Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15
Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr Ala 20
25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile
Phe 35 40 45 Tyr Asp Val Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe
Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser
Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser
Trp Trp Asp Gly Val Pro Val 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu
Thr Val Leu Gly Gln 100 105 15108PRTArtificialVariant 15Asp Ile Glu
Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr
Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25
30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Phe
35 40 45 Tyr Asp Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser
Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly
Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser Trp
Leu Asp Gly Val Pro Trp 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr
Val Leu Gly Gln 100 105 16108PRTArtificialVariant 16Asp Ile Glu Leu
Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala
Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30
His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Phe 35
40 45 Tyr Asp Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly
Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr
Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser Trp Leu
Asp Gly Val Pro Trp 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val
Leu Gly Gln 100 105 17108PRTArtificialVariant 17Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr
Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg
Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Pro Lys Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His
Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Phe 35 40
45 Tyr Asp Val Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln
Ala Met 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ala Trp Trp Ser
Ser Thr Pro Val 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu
Gly Gln 100 105 18108PRTArtificialVariant 18Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln
Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg Ile
Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Pro Lys Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Phe 35 40 45
Tyr Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50
55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala
Met 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser Trp Leu Ser Gly
Thr Pro Trp 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly
Gln 100 105 19123PRTArtificialVariant 19Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser
Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr
Cys Ala Ile Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asp 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala
Trp Ser Trp Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp
Leu Gly Ile Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Gln Tyr Ala 50 55
60 Val Ser Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn
65 70 75 80 Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr
Ala Val 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp
Gly Phe Asp Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser
Ser 115 120 20123PRTArtificialVariant 20Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser
Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr
Cys Ala Ile Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asp 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala
Trp Ser Trp Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp
Leu Gly Ile Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Ala 50 55
60 Val Ser Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr
Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80 Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu
Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala
Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
21123PRTArtificialVariant 21Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly
Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile
Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asp 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser Trp
Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp Leu Gly Ile
Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser
Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80
Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85
90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp
Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
22123PRTArtificialVariant 22Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly
Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile
Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asn 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser Trp
Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp Leu Gly Ile
Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser
Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80
Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85
90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp
Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
23123PRTArtificialVariant 23Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly
Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile
Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asp 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser Trp
Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp Leu Gly Ile
Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser
Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80
Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85
90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp
Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
24123PRTArtificialVariant 24Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly
Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile
Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asp 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser Trp
Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp Leu Gly Ile
Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser
Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80
Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85
90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp
Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
25123PRTArtificialVariant 25Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly
Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile
Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asp 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser Trp
Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Ser Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp Leu Gly Ile
Ile Tyr Tyr Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser
Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80
Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85
90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp
Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
26123PRTArtificialVariant 26Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly
Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile
Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asp 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser Trp
Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Ser Arg Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp Leu Gly Ile
Ile Tyr Tyr Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser
Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80
Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85
90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe Asp
Asp 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
27114PRTArtificialVariant 27Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser
Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Ile Ser 20 25 30 Phe Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu
Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu
Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80
Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85
90 95 Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile
Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr 28114PRTArtificialVariant 28Asp Ile Val Met
Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro
Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Arg 20 25 30
Phe Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35
40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val
Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr
Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr
Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln
Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr
29114PRTArtificialVariant 29Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser
Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Ser 20 25 30 Asp Gly Thr Thr Tyr Leu
Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu
Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80
Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85
90 95 Thr Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile
Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr 30114PRTArtificialVariant 30Asp Ile Val Met
Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro
Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Ser 20 25 30
Phe Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35
40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val
Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr
Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr
Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85 90 95 Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln
Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr
31114PRTArtificialVariant 31Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser
Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Arg 20 25 30 Phe Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu
Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu
Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80
Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85
90 95 Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile
Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr 32114PRTArtificialVariant 32Asp Ile Val Met
Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro
Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Arg 20 25 30
Asp Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35
40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val
Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr
Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr
Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85 90 95 Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln
Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr
33114PRTArtificialVariant 33Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser
Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Arg 20 25 30 Asp Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu
Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu
Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80
Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85
90 95 Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile
Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr 34114PRTArtificialVariant 34Asp Ile Val Met
Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro
Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Arg 20 25 30
Asp Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu Asn Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35
40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val
Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr
Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr
Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr 85 90 95 Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gln
Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr 359PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR1 region of IgG heavy chain of 2A8 antibody
35Phe Thr Phe Arg Ser Tyr Gly Met Ser 1 5 3617PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR2 region of human IgG heavy chain of 2A8
antibody 36Ser Ile Arg Gly Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser
Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly 378PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR3 region of
human IgG heavy chain of 2A8 antibody 37Lys Tyr Arg Tyr Trp Phe Asp
Tyr 1 5 3811PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR1 region of human IgG
light chain of 2A8 antibody 38Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr
Ala His 1 5 10 398PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR2 region of IgG
light chain of 2A8 antibody 39Tyr Tyr Asp Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5
409PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR3 region of IgG light chain of 2A8
antibody 40Gln Ser Trp Asp Asp Gly Val Pro Val 1 5 4111PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR1 region of IgG heavy chain of 4B7 antibody
41Asp Ser Val Ser Ser Asn Ser Ala Ala Trp Ser 1 5 10 4218PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR2 region of IgG heavy chain of 4B7 antibody
42Ile Ile Tyr Lys Arg Ser Lys Trp Tyr Asn Asp Tyr Ala Val Ser Val 1
5 10 15 Lys Ser 4311PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR3 region of IgG
heavy chain of 4B7 antibody 43Trp His Ser Asp Lys His Trp Gly Phe
Asp Tyr 1 5 10 4416PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR1 region of IgG
light chain of 4B7 antibody 44Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Phe Ser
Asp Gly Asn Thr Tyr Leu Asn 1 5 10 15 457PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR2 region of IgG light chain of 4B7 antibody
45Lys Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser 1 5 469PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURECDR3 region of IgG light chain of 4B7 antibody
46Gln Gln Tyr Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr 1 5
* * * * *
References