U.S. patent number RE45,786 [Application Number 14/260,890] was granted by the patent office on 2015-10-27 for methods and apparatus to monitor media exposure in vehicles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC. The grantee listed for this patent is The Nielsen Company (US), LLC. Invention is credited to Robert A Luff, Fred Martensen, Arun Ramaswamy, Kendall Shirilla.
United States Patent |
RE45,786 |
Ramaswamy , et al. |
October 27, 2015 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Methods and apparatus to monitor media exposure in vehicles
Abstract
Methods and apparatus to monitor media exposure in vehicles are
disclosed. An example implementation includes collecting audience
measurement data with a media monitoring device fixed in a vehicle
and transmitting the audience measurement data from the media
monitoring device to a shuttle located within the vehicle, the
shuttle being incapable of collecting audience measurement data
independent of the media monitoring device.
Inventors: |
Ramaswamy; Arun (Tampa, FL),
Martensen; Fred (Tampa, FL), Luff; Robert A (Wittman,
MD), Shirilla; Kendall (Tampa, FL) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Nielsen Company (US), LLC |
Schaumburg |
IL |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC
(New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
43925462 |
Appl.
No.: |
14/260,890 |
Filed: |
April 24, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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Reissue of: |
12611757 |
Nov 3, 2009 |
8549552 |
Oct 1, 2013 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04R
29/00 (20130101); H04R 2499/13 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04N
7/16 (20110101); H04R 29/00 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
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Other References
Li et al, The Research of Applying Wireless Sensor Networks to
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Based on IEEE 802.15.14,
2006 IEEE. cited by examiner .
United States Patent and Trademark Office, "Non-Final Office
Action", issued in connection with U.S. Appl. No. 12/611,757, dated
Feb. 10, 2012 (26 pages). cited by applicant .
United States Patent and Trademark Office, "Final Office Action",
issued in connection with U.S. Appl. No. 12/611,757, dated Sep. 26,
2012 (18 pages). cited by applicant .
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applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Worjloh; Jalatee
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hanley, Flight & Zimmerman,
LLC
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of monitoring media exposure in an automobile, the
method comprising: collecting audience measurement data with a
media monitoring device fixed in an automobile, the audience
measurement data based on audio received within the automobile by
the media monitoring device; storing the audience measurement data
in a memory of the media monitoring device; detecting the presence
of a shuttle located within the automobile, the shuttle being
incapable of collecting audience measurement data independent of
the media monitoring device; transmitting the audience measurement
data from the media monitoring device to the shuttle; moving the
shuttle from the automobile and into proximity of an audience
measurement data aggregator; transmitting the audience measurement
data from the shuttle to the audience measurement data aggregator;
and transmitting the audience measurement data from the audience
measurement data aggregator to an audience measurement data
collection server.
2. The method as described in claim 1, .[.wherein the media
monitoring device collects.]. .Iadd.further including collecting
.Iaddend.audio via at least one of a microphone or a line input
connection .Iadd.of the media monitoring device.Iaddend..
3. The method as described in claim 2, .[.wherein the media
monitoring device provides.]. .Iadd.further including providing
.Iaddend.audio to an audio system of the automobile .Iadd.with the
media monitoring device.Iaddend..
4. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the media monitoring
device is communicatively coupled with a computer system of the
automobile.
5. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the audience
measurement data includes local computer data from the computer
system of the automobile.
6. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the shuttle includes
a wireless transmitter and a memory.
7. The method as described in claim 1, further .[.comprising.].
.Iadd.including .Iaddend.deleting the audience measurement data
from the memory of the media monitoring device after the audience
measurement data is transmitted to the shuttle.
8. The method as described in claim 1, further .[.comprising.].
.Iadd.including .Iaddend.determining if a communication link is
available to the shuttle.
9. A system to monitor media exposure in an automobile, the system
comprising: a media monitoring device fixed in an automobile
.[.to.]..Iadd., the media monitoring device including.Iaddend.:
.Iadd.an audience measurement data collector to .Iaddend.collect
audience measurement data based on audio presented within the
automobile; .Iadd.an audience measurement data storer to
.Iaddend.store the audience measurement data in a memory of the
media monitoring device; .Iadd.a wireless communicator structured
to detect the presence of a shuttle located within the automobile,
the shuttle being incapable of collecting audience measurement data
independent of the media monitoring device;.Iaddend. .Iadd.when the
shuttle is detected, the wireless communicator structured to
.Iaddend.transmit the audience measurement data .Iadd.from the
media monitoring device to the shuttle.Iaddend.; .[.an audience
measurement data shuttle to receive the audience measurement data,
the shuttle being incapable of collecting audience measurement data
independent of the media monitoring device;.]. and an audience
measurement data aggregator to receive the audience measurement
data when transmitted by the shuttle, to store the audience
measurement data in a tangible memory, and to transmit the audience
measurement data to a media monitoring collection server.
10. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the media
monitoring device is to receive power from a power system of the
automobile.
11. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the media
monitoring device is to receive the audio via at least one of a
microphone or a line input connector.
12. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the media
monitoring device is to transmit audio to an audio system of the
automobile.
13. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the media
monitoring device is to add first data to the audience measurement
data, the first data being derived from a computer system of the
automobile.
14. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the shuttle is a
key fob.
.[.15. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the transmission
between the media monitor and the shuttle is implemented according
to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.15.4
standard..].
.[.16. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the transmission
between the shuttle and the aggregator is implemented according to
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.15.4
standard..].
17. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the aggregator is
to receive the audience measurement data from multiple
shuttles.
18. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the media
monitoring device is communicatively coupled with a computer system
of the automobile via an On Board Diagnostics (OBD-II)
connector.
19. The system as described in claim 9, wherein the media
monitoring device .[.adds.]. .Iadd.is to add .Iaddend.first data to
the audience measurement data, the first data being derived from a
physical selector switch located on the media monitoring
device.
.Iadd.20. A tangible machine-readable storage medium comprising
instructions which, when executed, cause a media monitoring device
fixed in an automobile to at least: collect audience measurement
data based on audio detected within the automobile; store the
audience measurement data in a memory; detect the presence of a
shuttle located within the automobile, the shuttle being incapable
of collecting audience measurement data independent of the media
monitoring device; and in response to detecting the presence of the
shuttle, transmit the audience measurement data from the media
monitoring device to the shuttle, the shuttle to transmit the
audience measurement data from the shuttle to an audience
measurement data aggregator when the shuttle is moved from the
automobile and into proximity of the audience measurement data
aggregator, the audience measurement data aggregator to transmit
the audience measurement data to an audience measurement data
collection server..Iaddend.
.Iadd.21. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
20, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the media
monitoring device to collect the audience measurement data based on
audio received via at least one of a microphone or a line input
connection..Iaddend.
.Iadd.22. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
21, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the media
monitoring device to provide audio to an audio system of the
automobile..Iaddend.
.Iadd.23. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
20, wherein the audience measurement data includes local computer
data from a computer system of the automobile..Iaddend.
.Iadd.24. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
20, wherein the shuttle includes a wireless transmitter and a
memory..Iaddend.
.Iadd.25. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
20, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the media
monitoring device to delete the audience measurement data from the
memory after the audience measurement data is transmitted to the
shuttle..Iaddend.
.Iadd.26. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
20, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the media
monitoring device to determine if a communication link is available
to the shuttle..Iaddend.
.Iadd.27. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
22, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the media
monitoring device to provide audio to an audio system of the
automobile via at least one of a radio frequency transmission or a
line input connector..Iaddend.
.Iadd.28. The machine-readable storage medium as described in claim
23, wherein the local computer data includes at least one of:
global positioning data, radio tuning data, or vehicle
data..Iaddend.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure pertains to media monitoring and, more
specifically to, methods and apparatus to monitor media exposure in
vehicles.
BACKGROUND
Determining size, demographics, and media exposure and/or
consumption patterns of a media audience helps media providers to
understand their audience and better tailor their media content.
Further, accurate media exposure demographics allow advertisers to
target media content to audiences of a desired size and/or
audiences comprising members having a set of common desired
characteristics (e.g., income level, lifestyles, interests, etc.)
associated with typical buyers of the advertised product or
service.
In order to collect demographics of audiences, an audience
measurement company may enlist a number of media utilizing
households and/or consumers (e.g., panelists) to cooperate in an
audience measurement study for a period of time. The media usage
habits of these panelists, as well as demographic data about these
panelists, are collected using automated and/or manual collection
methods. The collected data is subsequently used to generate
informational statistics related to media exposure, including, for
example, audience sizes, audience demographics, audience
preferences, the total number of hours of media exposed per
audience member and/or per region, program ratings, etc.
Traditional audience measurement systems have employed a
client/server architecture wherein the client (e.g., a metering
device) and server (e.g., a data collection unit to collect data
from the metering device) are in different physical locations. For
example, in a typical system, the client is located near an
audience member being monitored (e.g., attached to or otherwise in
proximity to a television, included in a portable device carried by
the audience member, etc.). The server is typically located at an
off-site location that is away from the client (e.g., a central
office of an audience measurement company such as the Nielsen
Company, etc.) The client typically collects audience measurement
data and transmits the same to the server. The server then analyzes
audience measurement data from a number of panelists to identify
ratings, trends, etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example system to monitor media
exposure in vehicles.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the example media monitoring device of
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the example audience measurement data
shuttle of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the example audience measurement data
aggregator of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions that may be executed to implement the example media
monitoring device of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions that may be executed to implement the audience
measurement data transmission process of the example media
monitoring device of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions that may be executed to implement a second example
audience measurement data transmission process of the example media
monitoring device of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions that may be executed to implement the audience
measurement data reception process of the example audience
measurement data shuttle of FIGS. 1 and 3.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions that may be executed to implement the audience
measurement data transmission process of the example audience
measurement data shuttle of FIGS. 1 and 3.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions that may be executed to implement the audience
measurement data reception process of the example audience
measurement data aggregator of FIGS. 1 and 4.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions that may be executed to implement the audience
measurement data transmission process of the example audience
measurement data aggregator of FIGS. 1 and 4.
FIG. 12 is a side, cross-sectional view of the example media
monitoring device of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 13 is a top, cross-sectional view of the example media
monitoring device of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a rear, cross-sectional view of the example media
monitoring device of FIGS. 12 and 13.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an example processor system that may
execute, for example, the machine readable instructions of FIGS. 5
through 11 to implement the example media monitoring device of
FIGS. 1, 2, and 12 through 14; the example audience measurement
data shuttle of FIGS. 1 and 3; and/or the example audience
measurement data aggregator of FIGS. 1 and 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Media monitoring systems may be implemented in different
configurations based on their intended use. For example, vehicles
typically include a media receiver capable of tuning a plurality of
inputs (e.g., AM Radio, FM Radio, satellite radio, CD player, MP3
player, DVD player, etc.) via wired and/or wireless connections. As
described herein, an example media monitoring device communicates
with the media receiver to extract or generate information about
media content presented by the media receiver. The media monitoring
device may be implemented by any combination of hardware, firmware,
and/or software. Such hardware, firmware, and/or software may be
adapted to perform a number of monitoring tasks including, by way
of example, not limitation, detecting a channel tuning status of a
tuner disposed in the media receiver, extracting program
identification codes embedded in or otherwise associated with
signals tuned by the media receiver, generating signatures
characteristic of signals tuned by the media receiver, etc.
Alternatively, the media monitoring device may not communicate with
the media receiver of the vehicle. In such an implementation, the
media monitoring device wirelessly monitors media presented to the
audience by the media receiver (e.g., by collecting free field
audio). In the illustrated example, collected media exposure data
is transported out of the vehicle via an audience measurement data
shuttle and is then transmitted to a data collection facility for
processing. If an audience measurement data shuttle is assigned to
each individual panelist, the audience measurement data shuttle may
add a unique identifier to the data to thereby associate
demographic data with the collected audience measurement data.
In the field of media monitoring, media companies seek high
accuracy media exposure data. To achieve such accuracy, it is
desirable to reduce the level of involvement of the panelists. The
more panelists are asked to do, the more likely the panelists will
forget or intentionally fail to perform a requested task. The
degree to which the panelists perform requested tasks (e.g.,
carrying a meter, logging into a meter, etc.) is referred to as the
degree of compliance of the panelist.
Media monitoring systems are designed to result in high levels of
audience member compliance, resulting in data that more accurately
reflects the actual exposure of panelists to media content. Media
monitoring in vehicles presents challenges that are different in
degree or type from the challenges faced by in home media
monitoring. If panelists are required to take more extensive action
to enable in-vehicle data collection than to enable in-home data
collection, the in vehicle collection system may exhibit lower
levels of audience member compliance than are experienced in home
media monitoring systems due to the constraints of the in vehicle
environment, the amount of time audience members spend in vehicles,
and/or the occurrence of frequently entering/exiting of the vehicle
(e.g., short trips). Additionally, the physical aspects of vehicles
present constraints on the in-vehicle monitoring. Such constraints
include limited physical space, limited selection of power sources,
and limited methods of transmitting collected monitoring data.
In examples disclosed herein, an example media monitoring device is
placed in a vehicle to monitor media exposure and an audience
measurement data shuttle is used to transport and/or transmit
stored audience measurement data to a central location. To increase
the probability of audience member compliance, example
implementations of the media monitoring device use automated
methods to collect and wirelessly transmit audience measurement
data. In some implementations, audience measurement data is
transmitted to an intermediate collection site or audience
measurement data aggregator in, for example, the audience member's
residence to aggregate audience measurement data before being sent
to a processing location (e.g., an audience measurement data
collection server, a central facility, etc.) A direct communication
link between the in-vehicle media monitoring device and a
collection site is typically not available. Accordingly, example
media monitoring systems as disclosed herein include an
intermediary audience measurement data shuttle to wirelessly
receive audience measurement data from the in-vehicle media
monitoring device and to wirelessly transmit that data to the
audience measurement data aggregator when the audience measurement
data shuttle is removed from the vehicle and brought into
communication range of the audience measurement data aggregator.
For example, the intermediate audience measurement data shuttle may
be implemented as a key chain or other small device to be carried
by the panelist. In this way, the panelist will naturally carry the
audience measurement data shuttle into proximity of the audience
measurement data aggregator when the panelist returns home. Because
the audience measurement data shuttle is implemented as a device
that the panelist will naturally carry in and out of the house
(e.g., a car key chain), the panelist is not required to take any
extraordinary measures to facilitate in-vehicle data collection and
panelist compliance is improved.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example system 100 for in-vehicle
audience measurement. The example audience measurement system 100
of FIG. 1 is adapted to monitor media exposure in a vehicle. The
example system 100 includes a media monitoring device 104 fixed in
the vehicle; an audience measurement data shuttle 112; an audience
measurement data aggregator 120; and an audience measurement data
collection server 124. The audience measurement data aggregator 120
of the illustrated example is located in the home of the panelist.
The audience measurement data collection server 124 communicates
with the audience measurement data aggregator 120 via a
communication link 126 such as, for example, the interne, the plain
old telephone system (POTS), etc. The media monitoring device 104,
the audience measurement data shuttle 112, and the audience
measurement data aggregator 120 of the illustrated example
communicate via the communication links 106, 108, and 114.
The example media monitoring device 104 of the illustrated example
is fixed in the vehicle. The media monitoring device 104 may have
any structure and/or form factor that enables the device to be
permanently or semi-permanently installed in the vehicle. In the
illustrated example, the media monitoring device 104 is configured
to be engaged within a power socket of the vehicle (e.g., a 12 volt
power socket such as a cigarette lighter socket or other
multi-purpose electrical socket.) However, the media monitoring
device 104 may be fixed in a vehicle by any other means. For
example, the media monitoring device 104 may be mounted on a
windshield, secured to a dashboard, placed in a glove box or
vehicle console, attached to a visor, mounted inside a vehicle,
mounted outside a vehicle, etc. Further, where the media monitoring
device is engaged within a vehicle power socket, the socket may be
of any voltage, current, or configuration. For example, the power
socket may be a 115-120 volt outlet. In alternative examples, the
in-vehicle media monitoring device 104 may be integrated into a GPS
receiver, an MP3 player, a portable (e.g., cellular) telephone
and/or a garage door opener.
The example media monitoring device 104 of FIG. 1 monitors media
exposure within the vehicle, and captures audience measurement data
reflecting that exposure. The captured audience measurement data is
stored within a memory of the media monitoring device 104 until it
is wirelessly transferred to one or more audience measurement data
shuttles 112 and/or directly to the audience measurement data
aggregator 120.
In operation, the media monitoring device 104 may enter a wireless
transmission range of the audience measurement data aggregator 120
(e.g., when the vehicle is parked in a garage associated with the
house) and transmit the collected audience measurement data to the
audience measurement data aggregator 120, via wireless transmission
106. In some cases, the media monitoring device 104 may not come
within the wireless transmission range of the audience measurement
data aggregator 120. In other cases, the media monitoring device
104 may enter the wireless transmission range of the audience
measurement data aggregator 120 on a limited basis or infrequently.
For example, an audience member may park their vehicle at a
distance which exceeds the wireless transmission range of the
audience measurement data aggregator 120 and/or the in-vehicle
media monitoring device 104. If the wireless transmission 106 is
only performed on a limited basis (e.g. once a week, once a month,
etc.), the memory of the media monitoring device 104 may become
full, resulting in loss of audience measurement data, and/or data
may not be received for analysis in a timely manner.
To address this issue, in the illustrated example, one or more
audience measurement data shuttle(s) 112 are used to transport
audience measurement data from the media monitoring device 104 into
a wireless transmission range of the audience measurement data
aggregator 120. In the illustrated example, the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 is a key fob, which may be carried by
an audience member along with their keys (e.g., on an audience
member's keychain). When the audience measurement data shuttle 112
is within wireless transmission range of the media monitoring
device 104, the media monitoring device 104 wirelessly transmits
the audience measurement data to the audience measurement data
shuttle 112 via wireless transmission 108.
The audience measurement data shuttle 112 may be provided to each
panelist in a given household (e.g., father, mother, son, daughter,
etc.) As a result, each audience measurement data shuttle 112
within the vehicle may collect wirelessly transmitted audience
measurement data from the same media monitoring device 104. Each
audience measurement data shuttle is preferably provided with a
unique identifier that is appended or otherwise associated with the
audience measurement data that the audience measurement data
shuttle receives (e.g., the audience measurement data shuttle
includes functionality to add the identifier to the data it
receives and/or transmits). The unique identifiers are associated
with the individuals that carry the audience measurement data
shuttles 112 in, for example, a database at the audience
measurement data collection server 124. As a result, when received
at the audience measurement data collection server 124, the
audience measurement company may associate demographic data (e.g.,
white male, age 43, income $50,000 per annum, etc) with the
received audience measurement data. To ensure correct data is
stored in each audience measurement data shuttle 112, the fixed,
in-vehicle media monitoring device 104 transmits the collected data
substantially continuously (e.g., when the vehicle is powered on),
at predetermined intervals, or whenever an event associated with a
passenger change occurs (e.g., when the car is placed in park, when
the tuned channel of the radio or the source of the media is
changed, when the car is turned off, when the car is turned on,
etc.)
The audience measurement data shuttle(s) 112 are likely to enter
the wireless transmission range of the audience measurement data
aggregator 120 at a greater frequency than the media monitoring
device 104 (e.g., once a day, twice a day, etc.) because the
audience member(s) will carry their respective audience measurement
data shuttles 112 with them as they enter buildings (e.g., the
panelist's home or other locations) that may be equipped with an
audience measurement data aggregator 120. Advantageously, little or
no out of the ordinary panelist involvement is required to collect
and return the audience measurement data to the audience
measurement data collection server 124. Audience member compliance
is thereby improved, allowing more accurate data to be
collected.
To achieve enhanced granularity of demographic data, even when the
media monitoring device 104 is within the wireless transmission
range of the audience measurement data aggregator 120, the media
monitoring device 104 may still be configured to transmit audience
measurement data only to the audience measurement data shuttle(s)
112, rather than directly to the audience measurement data
aggregator. In other implementations, the media monitoring device
104 may be configured to transmit data to the audience measurement
data shuttle(s) 112 when the audience measurement data shuttle(s)
112 are present and to transmit data to the audience measurement
data aggregator 120 only when no audience measurement data shuttle
112 is present. This latter approach (i.e., always transmitting
data via the shuttle(s)) may prevent data loss due to transmission
being interrupted when the vehicle is moved out of the wireless
transmission range of audience measurement data aggregator 120. For
example, when the audience measurement data shuttle 112 is carried
on an audience member's keychain, the audience measurement data
shuttle 112 will remain in the wireless transmission range of the
audience measurement data aggregator 120 even when the vehicle is
driven away from the audience measurement data aggregator 120 in
the panelist's home as long as the panelist with the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 remains at home.
When an audience measurement data shuttle 112 is within the
wireless transmission range of the audience measurement data
aggregator 120, the audience measurement data shuttle 112
wirelessly transmits the audience measurement data stored therein
to the audience measurement data aggregator 120 via wireless
transmission 114. As discussed above, there may be multiple
audience measurement data shuttles 112 which may communicate with
the media monitoring device 104 and the audience measurement data
aggregator 120. For example, a group of audience members may travel
in the same vehicle and each audience member may have their own
audience measurement data shuttle 112, which collects audience
measurement data for media presented near the audience member via
the media monitoring device 104. Advantageously, each of the
audience measurement data shuttles 112 can transmit audience
measurement data to the data collection server 124 so that media
consumption specific to each audience member can be collected. For
example, each audience measurement data shuttle 112 may be
associated with the demographics of an audience member that is
carrying the shuttle and the media content exposure can be credited
based on those demographics.
Additionally or alternatively, panelists may travel in different
vehicles (e.g., a household with two or more vehicles). In such
examples, an in-vehicle media monitoring device 104 is installed in
each vehicle. Preferably, the data collected by each in-vehicle
media monitoring device 104 is stamped or otherwise associated with
a unique identifier associated with the in-vehicle media monitoring
device 104 that collected the audience measurement data. In this
way (i.e., by addressing a database associating the unique
identifier of the in-vehicle media monitoring device 104 with the
vehicle in which it is installed), the audience measurement data
can be associated with the vehicle in which the audience
measurement data was collected. As a result, the shuttles of
panelists can be used to collect data in any vehicle associated
with the monitored household as well as in any vehicle associated
with another monitored household that carries an in-vehicle media
monitoring device 104.
The audience measurement data aggregator 120 of the illustrated
example is located in a building such as the panelist's home. The
location of the audience measurement data aggregator 120 may be
advantageously selected so as to increase the availability of a
wireless transmission area of the audience measurement data
aggregator 120 and to increase the likelihood that the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 will enter the wireless transmission
area. Alternatively, the building may be any type of building. For
example, the building may be a public building such as a grocery
store, a library, a parking garage, a department store, a
convenience store, etc. Alternatively, the audience measurement
data aggregator 120 may not be located inside the building, and may
be placed on the exterior of the building or away from the
building. For example, the audience measurement data aggregator 120
may be placed in a parking lot, a park, along a street, along a
highway, etc.
Periodically and/or a-periodically (e.g., upon expiration of a
timer, when a threshold of collected audience measurement data is
reached, etc.) the aggregator 120 transmits the audience
measurement data to the audience measurement data collection server
124 via the communication medium 126. Any method of determining
when to transmit audience measurement data may be used. For
example, the audience measurement data aggregator 120 may store
audience measurement data up to a specified amount (e.g., 1 kB, 64
kB, 1 MB) before transmitting the audience measurement data, the
audience measurement data aggregator 120 may transmit audience
measurement data at a fixed interval (e.g., 30 minutes, 3 hours, 1
day, 1 week, etc.), and/or the audience measurement data aggregator
120 may transmit audience measurement data in response to an
external event (e.g., user pushes a synchronize button, audience
measurement data collection server 124 requests updated audience
measurement data, audience measurement data shuttle 112 comes
within the wireless transmission range of the audience measurement
data aggregator 120, etc.). The transmission medium 126 could be
implemented by any transmission medium such as, for example, a
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Satellite, T1, Cellular radio,
Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or any collection of transmission media.
As described above, the example system 100 facilitates transmission
of audience measurement data from the in-vehicle media monitoring
device 104 to the audience measurement data collection server 124
via the audience measurement data shuttle(s) 112 and the audience
measurement data aggregator 120. The system 100 may also facilitate
bidirectional data transmission from, for example, the audience
measurement data collection server 124 to the in-vehicle media
monitoring device 104 via the audience measurement data aggregator
120 and/or the audience measurement data shuttle(s) 112. The data
transmitted by the audience measurement data collection server 124
may be software and/or firmware for devices such as, for example,
the media monitoring device 104, the audience measurement data
shuttle 112, or the audience measurement data aggregator 120.
Additionally or alternatively, the data may be reference
signatures, reference watermarks, reference codes, or any other
data to facilitate the identification of media and/or, more
generally, collection of audience measurement data. Further, the
media monitoring device 104 may have the facility to transmit
audience measurement data directly to the audience measurement data
collection server 124. For example, the media monitoring device 104
may contain a cellular modem which would allow audience measurement
data to be transmitted via a cellular network.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the example in-vehicle media
monitoring device 104 of FIG. 1. The example media monitoring
device 104 includes an audio receiver 202, an audio presenter 203,
an audience measurement data collector 204, a data store 205, an
audience measurement data storer 206, a wireless communicator 208,
and an antenna 210.
In the illustrated example, the audio receiver 202 of the
in-vehicle media monitoring device 104 is a microphone that may be
implemented internal or external to the media monitoring device
104. The microphone receives ambient sound including audible media
content presented in the vicinity of the media monitoring device
104. Alternatively, the audio receiver 202 may be implemented by a
line input connection. The line input connection may allow a media
presentation device such as a radio, CD player, MP3 player, DVD
player, and/or television (not shown) to be communicatively coupled
to the media monitoring device 104. The line input connector of the
audio receiver may be implemented by, for example, a connector
within the media monitoring device 104, a cable extended from the
media monitoring device 104, a cradle associated with the media
monitoring device 104, etc. Any other connection to receive
information about media content presented within the vehicle may
alternatively or additionally be used.
The audio presenter 203 of the illustrated example is implemented
by a processor executing machine readable instructions, but it
could alternatively be implemented by an application specific
integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), field
programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or other circuitry. In the
illustrated example, when audio is received, the audio presenter
203 determines the source of the audio and, if applicable, presents
the audio to the audio system of the vehicle. The audio presenter
203 of the illustrated example presents audio only when audio is
received via a line input connector (e.g., from a panelist's MP3
player.) However, other configurations may also be acceptable
(e.g., presenting audio only when received via a microphone,
presenting audio regardless of the source, presenting audio only
when a panelist enables the presentation.) Further, there may exist
different presentation settings based on the determined audio
source. For example, if audio is received via a Bluetooth
connection (e.g., from a panelist's cellular phone, from a
panelist's MP3 player, etc.), the audio presenter 203 may be
configured to always present audio to the audio system of the
vehicle.
In the illustrated example, audio is presented to the audio system
of the vehicle by means of a radio frequency transmitter
transmitting a frequency modulated (FM) signal. In such an
implementation, the panelist tunes the audio system of the vehicle
to the frequency that the audio presenter 203 transmits on. Any
alternative method of audio presentation may additionally or
alternatively be used such as, for example, an analog line-input, a
digital interface, a Bluetooth communicator, etc.
The audience measurement data collector 204 of the illustrated
example is implemented by a processor executing machine readable
instructions, but it could alternatively be implemented by an
application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal
processor (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or other
circuitry. In the illustrated example, the audience measurement
data collector 204 determines content identifiers from audio
received via the audio receiver 202. As used herein, a "content
identifier" is any type of data and/or information associated with,
inherent to, embedded with, inferable from and/or injected into a
piece of content, and which may be used to identify that piece of
content. Audience measurement codes (e.g., watermarks), public or
private identifiers in bit streams (e.g., program identification
(PID) headers), closed captioning information, signatures, metadata
or any other type(s) of data can serve as content identifiers. A
content identifier is generally not noticeable to the audience
during playback, but this is not necessarily so. Signatures may be
any unique or semi-unique aspect of content (e.g., luminance
characteristics, audio spectrum characteristics, etc.) that may be
used to identify the content based on comparison to reference
signatures. A code may be any type of data that may be inserted in,
embedded in, encoded in, or otherwise associated with content that
may be extracted or determined from the content for comparison to
reference codes. However, any data that may be useful in
monitoring, identifying, crediting, or otherwise analyzing media
content may be used.
The example audience measurement data storer 206 of FIG. 2 is
implemented by a processor executing instructions, but it could
alternatively be implemented by an ASIC, DSP, FPGA, or other
circuitry. The data storer 206 receives audience measurement data
from the audience measurement data collector 204 and stores the
received audience measurement data in the data store 205. The data
store 205 may also be capable of storing data which is not audience
measurement data. For example, updated software and/or updated
firmware may be stored in the data store 205. Further, updated
software and/or updated firmware may be applied to the media
monitoring device 104 to update the functionality of the media
monitoring device 104. The data store 205 may be any device for
storing data such as, for example, flash memory, magnetic media,
etc. Furthermore, the data stored in the data store 205, may be in
any data format such as, for example, binary data, comma delimited
data, tab delimited data, structured query language (SQL)
structures, etc.
The example wireless communicator 208 of FIG. 2 is implemented
according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
802.15.4 communication protocol. However, any method of wired or
wireless communication may alternatively be used (e.g., Bluetooth,
Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus, Zigbee, etc.). The wireless
communicator 208 may be configured to communicate with an external
device via the antenna 210. Many different antenna configurations
may be used. Example implementations may include the antenna 210
being an internal component of the media monitoring device 104, the
antenna 210 being an external component of the media monitoring
device 104, or the antenna 210 being integrated into the wireless
communicator 208.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the example audience measurement data
shuttle 112 of FIG. 1. The example audience measurement data
shuttle 112 includes a wireless communicator 302, an antenna 304, a
data store 305, and an audience measurement storer 306. The example
wireless communicator 302 is implemented according to the Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.15.4 communication
protocol. However, any method of wired or wireless communication
may alternatively be used (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Ethernet,
Universal Serial Bus, ZigBee, etc.). The wireless communicator 302
may be configured to communicate with an external device via the
antenna 304. Many different antenna configurations may be used.
Example implementations may include the antenna 304 being an
internal component of the audience measurement data shuttle 112,
the antenna 304 being an external component of the audience
measurement data shuttle 112, or the antenna 304 being integrated
into the wireless communicator 302.
The example audience measurement data storer 306 of FIG. 3 is
implemented by a processor executing instructions but it could
alternatively be implemented by an ASIC, DSP, FPGA, or other
circuitry. The audience measurement data storer 306 receives
audience measurement data from the wireless communicator 302 and
stores the received-audience measurement data in the data store
305. The data store 305 may also be capable of storing data which
is not audience measurement data. For example, updated software
and/or updated firmware may be stored in the data store 305.
Further, updated software and/or updated firmware may be applied to
the audience measurement data shuttle 112 so as to update the
functionality of the audience measurement data shuttle 112. The
data store 305 may be any device for storing data such as, for
example, flash memory, magnetic media, etc. Furthermore, the data
stored in the data store 305, may be in any data format such as,
for example, binary data, comma delimited data, tab delimited data,
structured query language (SQL) structures, etc.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the example audience measurement data
aggregator 120 of FIG. 1. The example audience measurement data
aggregator 120 includes a wireless communicator 402, an antenna
404, a data store 405, an audience measurement data storer 406, and
a wired communicator 408. The example wireless communicator 402 is
implemented according to the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers 802.15.4 communication protocol. However, any
method of wired or wireless communication may alternatively be used
(e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus, ZigBee,
etc.). The wireless communicator 402 may be configured to
communicate with an external device via the antenna 404. Many
different antenna configurations may be used. Example
implementations may include the antenna 404 being an internal
component of the audience measurement data aggregator 120, the
antenna 404 being an external component of the audience measurement
data aggregator 120, or the antenna 404 being integrated into the
wireless communicator 402.
The example audience measurement data storer 406 of FIG. 4 is
implemented by a processor executing instructions but it could
alternatively be implemented by an ASIC, DSP, FPGA, or other
circuitry. The audience measurement data storer 406 receives
audience measurement data from the wireless communicator 402 and
stores the received audience measurement data in the data store
405. The data store 405 may also be capable of storing data which
is not audience measurement data. For example, updated software
and/or updated firmware may be stored in the data store 405.
Further, updated software and/or updated firmware may be applied to
the audience measurement data aggregator 120 so as to update the
functionality of the audience measurement data aggregator 120. The
data store 405 may be any device for storing data such as, for
example, flash memory, magnetic media, etc. Furthermore, the data
stored in the data store 405, may be in any data format such as,
for example, binary data, comma delimited data, tab delimited data,
structured query language (SQL) structures, etc.
The wired communicator 408 sends stored audience measurement data
to the audience measurement data collection server 124 via the
communication medium 126. The communication medium of the
illustrated example is implemented by an Ethernet connection.
However, any type of communication medium may be used such as, for
example, a cellular module, a satellite module, a Digital
Subscriber Line (DSL), etc. Advantageously, the communication
medium is capable of communicating with the audience measurement
data collection server 124 via the internet (e.g., an Internet
Protocol connection). However, other communication methods and
systems may be used such as, for example, a point to point
connection, a private line, etc.
While an example manner of implementing the example audience
measurement system 100 has been illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 4,
one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated
in FIGS. 1 through 4 may be combined, divided, re-arranged,
omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further,
the example media monitoring device 104, the audio receiver 202,
the audio presenter 203, the audience measurement data collector
204, the data store 205, the audience measurement data storer 206,
the wireless communicator 208, the audience measurement data
shuttle 112, the wireless communicator 302, the data store 305, the
audience measurement storer 306, the audience measurement data
aggregator 120, the wireless communicator 402, the data store 405,
the audience measurement data storer 406, the wired communicator
408, and/or more generally, the example audience measurement system
100 of FIGS. 1 through 4 may be implemented by hardware, software,
firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or
firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example media monitoring
device 104, the audio receiver 202, the audio presenter 203, the
audience measurement data collector 204, the data store 205, the
audience measurement data storer 206, the wireless communicator
208, the audience measurement data shuttle 112, the wireless
communicator 302, the data store 305, the audience measurement
storer 306, the audience measurement data aggregator 120, the
wireless communicator 402, the data store 405, the audience
measurement data storer 406, the wired communicator 408, and/or
more generally, the example audience measurement system 100 could
be implemented by one or more circuit(s), programmable
processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)),
programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable
logic device(s) (FPLD(s)), etc. When any of the appended apparatus
claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware
implementation, at least one of the example media monitoring device
104, the audio receiver 202, the audio presenter 203, the audience
measurement data collector 204, the data store 205, the audience
measurement data storer 206, the wireless communicator 208, the
audience measurement data shuttle 112, the wireless communicator
302, the data store 305, the audience measurement storer 306, the
audience measurement data aggregator 120, the wireless communicator
402, the data store 405, the audience measurement data storer 406,
and/or the wired communicator 408 are hereby expressly defined to
include a tangible medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, etc. storing
the software and/or firmware. Further still, the example media
monitoring device 104, the audio receiver 202, the audio presenter
203, the audience measurement data collector 204, the data store
205, the audience measurement data storer 206, the wireless
communicator 208, the audience measurement data shuttle 112, the
wireless communicator 302, the data store 305, the audience
measurement storer 306, and/or the audience measurement data
aggregator 120, the wireless communicator 402, the data store 405,
the audience measurement data storer 406, and/or the wired
communicator 408 of FIGS. 1 through 4 may include one or more
elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of,
those illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 4, and/or may include more
than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and
devices.
FIGS. 5 through 11 are flowcharts representative of example machine
readable instructions that may be executed to implement the system
100 and/or components of the system 100 including the media
monitoring device 104 and the audience measurement data shuttle
112. In these examples, the machine readable instructions
represented by each flowchart may comprise one or more programs for
execution by: (a) a processor, such as the processor 1512 shown in
the example computer 1500 discussed below in connection with FIG.
15, (b) a controller, and/or (c) any other suitable device. The one
or more programs may be embodied in software stored on a
non-transitory tangible medium such as, for example, a flash
memory, a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a DVD, or a memory
associated with the processor 1512, but the entire program or
programs and/or portions thereof could alternatively be executed by
a device other than the processor 1512 and/or embodied in firmware
or dedicated hardware (e.g., implemented by an application specific
integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a
field programmable logic device (FPLD), discreet logic, etc.). For
example, any or all of the machine readable instructions
represented by the flowcharts of FIGS. 5 through 11 could be
implemented by any combination of software, hardware, and/or
firmware. Also, some or all of the machine readable instructions
represented by the flowchart of FIGS. 5 through 11 may be
implemented manually. Further, although the example machine
readable instructions are described with reference to the
flowcharts illustrated in FIGS. 5 through 9, many other techniques
for implementing the example methods and apparatus described herein
may alternatively be used. For example, with reference to the
flowcharts illustrated in FIGS. 5 through 11, the order of
execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks
described may be changed, eliminated, combined, and/or subdivided
into multiple blocks.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions 500 which may be executed by the processor 1512 to
implement the audience measurement data collection process of the
media monitoring device 104.
The example process 500 begins when the media monitoring device 104
is engaged within a power outlet of the vehicle (block 502). In the
illustrated example, engaging the media monitoring device 104
supplies power to the media monitoring device 104 and causes the
media monitoring device 104 to be enabled. The media monitoring
device 104 may have an alternate power supply such as, for example,
a battery or a solar panel. Such alternate power supplies may
enable the media monitoring device 104 to be active even when power
is not supplied by the power outlet of the vehicle. Additionally or
alternatively, the media monitoring device 104 may include a switch
or other control that enables the panelist to selectively enable or
disable the media monitoring device 104.
The media monitoring device 104 detects audio via the audio
receiver 202 (block 504). The audio presenter 203 of the media
monitoring device 104 then determines the source of the audio
(block 506). If the audio presenter 203 determines that the audio
is being received via a line input connector (e.g., the line input
receptacle 1236), the audio presenter 203 presents the audio to the
audio system of the vehicle (block 508). If the audio presenter 203
determines that the audio is being received via a microphone (e.g.,
the microphone 1228), control proceeds to block 510.
The audience measurement data collector 204 of the media monitoring
device 104 processes the received audio to develop audience
measurement data (block 510). The audience measurement data may be
developed in any manner. In the illustrated example, audience
measurement data is developed by detecting a code or watermark
within the received audio. Alternatively or additionally, audience
measurement data development may involve recording segments of the
received audio, developing signatures from the audio, etc. The
audience measurement data storer 208 then stores the audience
measurement data in the data store 205 of the media monitoring
device 104 (block 512).
In the illustrated example, additional data is added to the data
store 205 by the audience measurement data storer 206. This
additional data may be derived from any input. In the illustrated
example, there exists a selector switch 1232 attached to the media
monitoring device 104. The selector switch 1232 may be user
actionable, allowing an audience member to identify the number of
occupants of the vehicle by adjusting the position of the switch.
The audience measurement data storer 206 of the media monitoring
device 104 detects and stores the status of the selector switch
1232 in the data store 205 (block 514).
In addition to storing a setting of the selector switch, the
audience measurement data storer 206 detects and stores identifiers
of local audience measurement data shuttles (block 516). The
gathered identifiers are stored in the data store 205. In the
illustrated example, each member in a family of panelists (e.g., a
father, a mother, a son, a daughter) is provided with a audience
measurement data shuttle 112 and each shuttle has a unique
identifier. By collecting the identifiers of local audience
measurement data shuttles, media exposure can be more closely tied
to individual panelists. For example, a panelist may tune to
different media when alone in a vehicle, compared to when there are
other panelists or persons present in the vehicle. To facilitate
associating tuned audio with the actual panelist(s) located in a
vehicle, the shuttle(s) 112 may broadcast their identifier(s) and
the media monitoring device 104 may wirelessly collect such
identifier(s) and store them with timestamps in the data store 205.
In addition to storing an identifier of the audience measurement
data shuttles, the audience measurement data storer 206 may
additionally store an identifier associated with the media
monitoring device 104. As explained in conjunction with FIGS. 6 and
7, there may be different audience measurement data transmission
processes which may alleviate the need for block 516.
Further, in the example of FIG. 5, the audience measurement data
storer 206 gathers local computer data from the computer system of
the vehicle (blocks 518, 520, and 522). The local computer data may
include many different types of data such as, for example, global
positioning data, radio tuning data, vehicle data, audio system
data, etc.
The audience measurement data storer 206 gathers and stores global
positioning data (block 518). The global positioning data is stored
in the data store 205. Global positioning data may be gathered via
a Bluetooth connection to a Global Positioning System (GPS)
receiver mounted within the vehicle. Alternatively, the GPS
receiver may be integrated into the vehicle's computer system. In
such a case, a communication link may be formed between the
audience measurement data storer 206 and a computer system of the
vehicle. The communication link may be implemented by an On Board
Diagnostics (OBD-II) connector. Further, the media monitoring
device 104 may also include an integrated GPS receiver. An
integrated GPS receiver allows the audience measurement data storer
206 to collect global positioning data without being required to
interface with an external device.
In addition to gathering global positioning data, the audience
measurement data storer 206 gathers and stores radio tuning data
(block 520). The radio tuning data is stored in the data store 205.
Radio tuning data, when coupled with global positioning data,
provides a method for audience measurement companies to more
accurately determine the originator of the media. For instance, a
media broadcaster may transmit media on a first frequency at one
location, and on a second frequency at another location. A vehicle
may move between different geographic regions such that the
broadcaster to frequency relationship may be different. The GPS
data thereby enables more accurate mapping of radio data to
broadcasters. Radio tuning data may be gathered via a communication
link between the audience measurement data storer 206 and the audio
system of the vehicle. In the illustrated example, the
communication link is implemented by a Bluetooth connection.
However, many alternative types of communication links may
alternatively be used such as, for example, and RS-232 connection,
an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.15.4
connection, etc. Radio tuning data gathered by the audience
measurement data storer 206 is stored in the data store 205.
Additionally, the audience measurement data storer 206 of the media
monitoring device 104 of the example of FIG. 5 gathers vehicle data
from a computer system of the vehicle (block 522). The vehicle data
may include, for example, vehicle speed, vehicle make/model, door
lock status, window status, vehicle temperature, external
temperature, audience presence data (e.g., is a specific seat
occupied as indicated by, for example, a pressure sensor used to
turn an airbag off or on) etc. In the illustrated example, the
audience measurement data storer 206 is communicatively coupled
with the computer system of the vehicle via an OBD-II connector.
The audience measurement data storer 206 collects the data via the
OBD-II connector and then stores the vehicle data in the data store
205. After data has been stored, control returns to block 504.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions 600 to implement a first example audience measurement
data transmission process of the media monitoring device 104. In
the illustrated example, the instructions of process 600 are
implemented in parallel with the instructions of process 500.
The example process 600 begins when the media monitoring device 104
is engaged within a power outlet of the vehicle (block 602). Block
602 is substantially the same as block 502, as the media monitoring
device 104 is enabled by receiving power from the power outlet of
the vehicle.
The wireless communicator 208 of the media monitoring device 104
waits for a trigger event (block 604). A trigger event may be'any
sort of trigger event such as, for example, the expiration of a
timer, the detection of an audio signal via the audio receiver 202
of the media monitoring device 104, the detection of stored
audience measurement data reaching a threshold, the detection of an
external audience measurement data receiving device (e.g. the
audience measurement data shuttle 112, etc.) Once the trigger event
has been detected, the wireless communicator 208 queries the data
store 205 to determine the availability of audience measurement
data for transmission (block 606). If audience measurement data is
available for transmission, the media monitoring device determines
the availability of an external audience measurement data receiving
device (e.g., an audience measurement data shuttle 112, the
audience measurement data aggregator 120). Since identifiers of
audience measurement data shuttle(s) 112 are gathered in block 516,
the audience measurement data stored in the data store 205 is
already associated with the panelist(s) to which the media was
presented. Therefore, the audience measurement data does not need
to have audience measurement data shuttle identifiers added at a
later point.
Returning to FIG. 6, the wireless communicator 208 determines if a
communication link is available to the audience measurement data
aggregator 120 (block 608). If a communication link between the
wireless communicator 208 and the audience measurement data
aggregator 120 is available, the stored audience measurement data
is transmitted to the audience measurement data gateway 120 (block
610). After the wireless communicator 208 completes transmission of
the stored audience measurement data to the audience measurement
data aggregator 120, the wireless communicator 208 clears the
transmitted audience measurement data from the data store 205
(block 616). Control then returns to block 604.
If the wireless communicator 208 determines that a communication
link is not available to the audience measurement data aggregator
120, the wireless communicator 208 determines if a communication
link is available to an audience measurement data shuttle 112
(block 612). If a communication link between the wireless
communicator 208 and one or more audience measurement data
shuttle(s) 112 is available, stored audience measurement data is
transmitted to the audience measurement data shuttle 112 (block
614). After the wireless communicator 208 of the media monitoring
device 104 has successfully transmitted the stored audience
measurement data to the audience measurement data shuttle 112, the
wireless communicator 208 clears the transmitted audience
measurement data from the data store 205 (block 614). Control then
returns to block 604. If no communication link between the wireless
communicator 208 and an audience measurement data shuttle 112 is
available (block 612), control returns to block 604.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable
instructions 700 to implement a second example audience measurement
data transmission process of the media monitoring device 104. In
the illustrated example, the instructions of process 700 are
implemented in parallel with the instructions of process 500.
Additionally, the illustrated process 700 may be implemented as an
alternative to process 600.
The example process 700 begins when the media monitoring device 104
is engaged within a power outlet of the vehicle (block 702). Block
702 is substantially the same as blocks 502 and 602, as the media
monitoring device 104 is enabled by receiving power from the power
outlet of the vehicle.
After the media monitoring device 104 is powered on, the wireless
communicator 208 of the media monitoring device 104 begins
searching for available communication links to audience measurement
data shuttle(s) 112 (block 704). If no communication link is
available (block 704), the wireless communicator 208 continues to
search for available communication links (block 704). If a
communication link is available, the wireless communicator 208
transmits stored audience measurement data to the available
audience measurement data shuttle(s) 112 (block 706). In the
illustrated example, audience measurement data is transmitted to
all local audience measurement data shuttles. Therefore, each
audience measurement data shuttle 112 receives audience measurement
data only when in the presence of the media monitoring device 104.
In the illustrated example, block 516 may not be implemented (i.e.,
the media monitoring device 104 may not collect and store shuttle
identifiers), therefore an identifier of the audience measurement
data shuttle should be added by each of the audience measurement
data shuttle(s) 112 that receive the data, or by the audience
measurement data aggregator 120 when it receives the data from the
audience measurement data shuttles 112. After the wireless
communicator 208 has transmitted the audience measurement data, it
clears the transmitted data from the data store 205 (block 708.)
Control then returns to block 704.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are flowcharts representative of example machine
readable instructions 800 and 900 which may be executed to
implement the audience measurement data shuttle 112. In the
illustrated example, the instructions of process 800 are
implemented in parallel with the instructions of process 900.
The example process 800 begins when the audience measurement data
shuttle 112 is enabled (block 802). In the illustrated example, the
audience measurement data shuttle 112 is enabled when it is
constructed (e.g., a battery is inserted, thereby powering the
shuttle). Many other means of enabling the audience measurement
data shuttle 112 may be used such as, for example, a solar panel,
an inductive power transmission, etc. Additionally or
alternatively, the audience measurement data shuttle 112 may
include a switch or other control that permits the panelist to
selectively enable the audience measurement data shuttle 112. This
method, however, is not preferred, as it requires additional
panelist interaction.
After being enabled, the wireless communicator 302 of the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 determines if a communication link 108
is available to a media monitoring device 104 (block 804). If a
communication link 108 is available, control proceeds to block 806.
If no communication link 108 is available, control returns to block
804 where the wireless communicator 302 waits for a communication
link 108 to become available. When a communication link is
available (block 804), the wireless communicator 302 receives
audience measurement data from the media monitoring device 104
(block 806). Received audience measurement data is then stored by
the audience measurement data storer 306 of the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 (block 808). The received audience
measurement data is stored in the data store 305 of the audience
measurement data shuttle 112. After the audience measurement data
has been received and stored, the audience measurement data storer
306 inserts a unique identifier of the audience measurement data
shuttle 112 into the data store 305 (block 810). The unique
identifier may be added to unique identifiers already present in
the audience measurement data. For example, the audience
measurement data storer 206 of the media monitoring device 104 may
have inserted unique identifiers for local audience measurement
data shuttles 112 (block 516). The audience measurement data storer
306 adds the unique identifier to the audience measurement data
stored in the data store 305 regardless of whether unique
identifiers are present. Additionally or alternatively, the
audience measurement data storer 306 may determine if unique
identifiers are present and add a unique identifier of the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 if necessary. After data has been
stored, control then returns to block 804 to await another
communication of audience measurement data from the media
monitoring device 104.
The example process 900 of FIG. 9 begins when the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 is enabled (block 902). Block 902 is
substantially the same as block 802, as the audience measurement
data shuttle 112 is enabled in both blocks. After being enabled,
the wireless communicator 302 of the audience measurement data
shuttle 112 determines if audience measurement data is present in
the data store 305 (block 903). If audience measurement data is not
present, control returns to block 903, wherein the wireless
communicator 302 waits for audience measurement data to be
populated in the data store 305. If audience measurement data is
present in the data store 305, control proceeds to block 904.
Once the wireless communicator 302 has determined that audience
measurement data is present in the data store 305, the wireless
communicator 302 proceeds to determine if a communication link 114
is available to an audience measurement data aggregator 120 (block
904). If a communication link 114 is available, control proceeds to
block 906. If no communication link 114 is available, control
returns to block 904 where the wireless communicator 302 waits for
the communication link 114 to become available. The wireless
communicator 302 then transmits audience measurement data from the
data store 305 to the audience measurement data aggregator (block
906). After successfully transmitting audience measurement data via
the wireless communicator 302, the audience measurement data storer
306 clears stored audience measurement data from the data store 305
(block 908). In the illustrated example, the wireless communicator
302 then transmits the unique identifier of the audience
measurement data shuttle 112 to the audience measurement data
aggregator 120. This provides an additional means of linking
specific panelists to media data. For example, if neither block 516
nor block 810 were implemented, by implementing block 910 the
audience measurement data aggregator 120 is able to link the
panelist to audience measurement data from a specific audience
measurement data shuttle 112. If block 516 and/or block 810 is
implemented, block 910 may be omitted. Control then returns to
block 903 to await additional audience measurement data.
FIGS. 10 and 11 are flowcharts representative of example machine
readable instructions 1000 and 1100 which may be executed to
implement the audience measurement data aggregator 120. In the
illustrated example, the instructions of process 1000 are
implemented in parallel with the instructions of process 1100.
The example process 1000 begins when the audience measurement data
aggregator 120 is enabled (block 1002). In the illustrated example,
the audience measurement data aggregator 120 is enabled when it is
powered (e.g., plugged into a power outlet). Many other means of
enabling the audience measurement data aggregator 120 may be used.
For example, a battery may be used to power the audience
measurement data aggregator. Additionally or alternatively, the
audience measurement data aggregator 120 may include a switch or
other control that enables the panelist to enable the audience
measurement data aggregator 120.
After being enabled, the audience measurement data storer 406
gathers and stores local audience measurement data (block 1003).
This local audience measurement data may be from any source other
than the audience measurement data shuttle 112. In the illustrated
example, the audience measurement data storer 406 gathers and
stores audience measurement from a local meter that collects codes
and/or signatures from free field audio to measure media exposure
in the household. The audience measurement data storer 406 may also
collect data from a people meter that identifies members of the
audience. The local meter may monitor any sort of information
presenting devices such as a set top box, a television set, a
personal computer, a radio, etc. The audience measurement data
gathered by the audience measurement data storer 406 is stored in
the data store 405. In the illustrated example, audience
measurement data is gathered serially, however other methods of
audience measurement data aggregation may be used. For example,
audience measurement data aggregation from multiple audience
measurement devices may be performed in parallel.
The wireless communicator 402 of the audience measurement data
aggregator 120 determines if a communication link 114 is available
to the audience measurement data shuttle 112 (block 1004). If a
communication link 114 is not available, control returns to block
1004 where the audience measurement data storer 406 gathers and
stores local audience measurement data. If a communication link 114
is available, the wireless communicator receives audience
measurement data from the audience measurement data shuttle 112
(block 1006). The audience measurement data storer 406 then stores
the received audience measurement data in the data store 405 (block
1008). In the illustrated example, the wireless communicator 402 of
the audience measurement data aggregator 120 also receives and
stores the unique identifier of the audience measurement data
shuttle 112 to log the source of the data (block 1010). After
receiving and storing audience measurement data from the audience
measurement data shuttle 112, control returns to block 1003 where
data from a second audience measurement data shuttle 112 may be
received.
The example process 1100 begins when the audience measurement data
aggregator 120 is enabled (block 1102). Block 1102 is substantially
the same as block 1002, as the audience measurement data aggregator
120 is enabled in both blocks.
After being enabled, the communicator 408 determines whether
audience measurement data should be sent (block 1103). In the
illustrated example, audience measurement data is sent on a regular
interval (e.g., every day, every hour, etc.). Additionally or
alternatively, audience measurement data may be sent a-periodically
in response to non-time based triggers, such as, for example, a
threshold of audience measurement data being reached in the data
store 405, a request received from an external source, etc.
Irrespective of the triggering mechanism, once the communicator 408
has determined that audience measurement data should be
transmitted, the communicator 408 determines if a communication
link 126 is available to the audience measurement data collection
server 124. If a communication link 126 is not available, control
returns to block 1104 where the communicator 408 waits for a
communication link 126 to become available. If the communication
link 126 is available, control proceeds to block 1106. The
communicator 408 transmits audience measurement data that was
stored in the data store 405 to the audience measurement data
collection server 124 via the communication link 126 (block 1106).
After the audience measurement data has been successfully
transmitted, the wireless communicator 408 clears the stored
audience measurement data from the data store 405 (block 1108).
Control then returns to block 1103.
FIGS. 12, 13, and 14 are views of the example in-vehicle media
monitoring device 104 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The example media
monitoring device 104 comprises a housing 1202. The example housing
1202 is made of plastic. However, any other material may
alternatively be used to create the housing 1202. Internal to the
housing 1202 is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 1204, to which
additional components are affixed. To support the PCB 1204 within
the housing 1202, a set of standoffs 1206, 1208, 1210, and 1212 may
be used. The standoffs 1206, 1208, 1210, and 1212 may be of any
form factor and may be made of any material. Additionally or
alternatively, the stand-offs 1206, 1208, 1210, and 1212 may be
integral to the construction of the housing 1202.
The example housing 1202 is dimensioned to engage within a 12 volt
power outlet of the vehicle. In order to draw power from the 12
volt power outlet of the vehicle, a positive power connector 1214
connects to a 12 volt connector of the 12 volt power outlet, while
a ground power connector 1220 connects to a ground connector of the
12 volt power outlet. A wire 1216 is used to connect the positive
power connector 1214 to the PCB 1204, via a connection point 1218
(see FIG. 13). Likewise, a wire 1222 connects the ground power
connector 1220 to the PCB 1204, via a connection point 1224.
Additionally or alternatively, a fuse may be inserted between the
positive power connector 1214 and the positive connection point
1218 of the PCB 1204 along the wire 1216.
The PCB 1204 supports different components to provide the
functionality of the in-vehicle media monitoring device 104. In the
illustrated example, such components include a power indicator
1226, a microphone 1228, a processor 1230, a selector switch 1232,
a wireless communicator 1234, and a line-input receptacle 1236.
The power indicator 1226 may be any type of power indication
component. In the illustrated example, the power indicator 1226 is
a light emitting diode. Alternative forms of display may be used.
For example, a display screen may be used to convey additional
information about the operation of the media monitoring device
104.
The microphone 1228 receives audio for use by the media monitoring
device 104. The microphone 1228 may be any type of microphone
(e.g., passive, active). Additionally, the housing 1202 may be
created with openings near the microphone 1228 to allow sound to
enter the housing 1202 and reach the microphone 1228.
The processor 1230 may be configured to interface with the other
components of the media monitoring device 104. In the illustrated
example, the processor 1230 is a microcontroller. However, any type
of processing device may be used (e.g., a digital signal processor
(DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a
field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a microcontroller) to
implement the processor 1230. The processor 1230 may additionally
include a memory for storing audience measurement data.
The selector switch 1232 is used to provide additional input
parameters to the media monitoring device 104. The physical
selector switch may be implemented by any switch design (e.g.,
button, knob, slider, touch screen, etc.). In the illustrated
example, a rotator is used to allow an audience member to select
the number of occupants of the vehicle. The housing 1202 may be
configured to allow exposure of the rotator switch 1232, so that
the audience member can physically adjust the setting. Any physical
or virtual switche(s) of any style or type may alternatively or
additionally be used to input selections to the media monitoring
device 104. For instance, an audio recognition system might be used
to allow an audience member to provide an input to the media
monitoring device 104 without having to physically manipulate the
device.
The wireless communicator 1234 interfaces wirelessly with external
audience measurement data receiving devices (e.g., the audience
measurement data shuttle 112, the audience measurement data
aggregator 120). In the illustrated example, the wireless
communicator 1234 is an Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers 802.15.4 wireless module. However, any type of wireless
communication device may alternatively be used (e.g., Bluetooth,
Wi-Fi, etc.). Furthermore, the wireless antenna 210 may be integral
to the design of the wireless communicator component 1234, the
wireless antenna 210 may be integral to the PCB 1204, the wireless
antenna 210 may be external to the PCB 1204, or the wireless
antenna 210 may be in some other configuration.
The line input receptacle 1236 may be provided in addition to or as
an alternative to the microphone 1228 to input audio to the media
monitoring device 104. The line-input receptacle 1236 may be of any
configuration that would allow an external connector to be affixed.
In the illustrated example, a 3.5 mm receptacle is used to allow
for an external audio device to be connected to the media
monitoring device 104. However, any type or style of receptacle
could alternatively be used. For example, a 2.5 mm receptacle could
be used to reduce the physical size of the receptacle.
Alternatively, the line-input receptacle 1236 may be a cable
extending from the media monitoring device 104 which would allow
for a direct connection to an external audio device. Furthermore,
the housing 1202 may include an opening 1238 which would allow for
external input cables to be affixed to the line-input receptacle
1236.
FIG. 13 is a top, cross-sectional view of the example media
monitoring device of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a rear, cross-sectional view of the example media
monitoring device of FIGS. 12 and 13.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an example processor platform 1500
capable of implementing the apparatus and methods disclosed herein.
The processor platform 1500 can be, for example, a server, a
personal computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet
appliance, a DVD player, a CD player, a digital video recorder, a
personal video recorder, a set top box, a dedicated device, or any
other type of computing device.
The system 1500 of the instant example includes a processor 1512
such as a general purpose programmable processor. The processor
1512 includes a local memory 1514, and executes coded instructions
1516 present in the local memory 1514 and/or in another memory
device. The processor 1512 may execute, among other things, the
machine readable instructions represented in FIGS. 5-9. The
processor 1512 may be any type of processing unit, such as one or
more microprocessors from the Intel.RTM. Centrino.RTM. family of
microprocessors, the Intel.RTM.Pentium family of microprocessors,
the Intel.RTM. Itanium.RTM. family of microprocessors, and/or the
Intel XScale.RTM. family of processors. Of course, other processors
from other families are also appropriate.
The processor 1512 is in communication with a main memory including
a volatile memory 1518 and a non-volatile memory 1520 via a bus
1522. The volatile memory 1518 may be implemented by Static Random
Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
(SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random
Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory
device. The non-volatile memory 1520 may be implemented by flash
memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to
the main memory 1518, 1520 is typically controlled by a memory
controller (not shown).
The processor platform 1500 also includes an interface circuit
1524. The interface circuit 1524 may be implemented by any type of
interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal
serial bus (USB), and/or a third generation input/output (3GIO)
interface.
One or more input devices 1526 are connected to the interface
circuit 1524. The input device(s) 1526 permit a user to enter data
and commands into the processor 1512. The input device(s) can be
implemented by, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, a
track-pad, a trackball, an isopoint and/or a voice recognition
system.
One or more output devices 1528 are also connected to the interface
circuit 1524. The output devices 1528 can be implemented, for
example, by display devices (e.g., a liquid crystal display, a
cathode ray tube display (CRT)), by a printer and/or by speakers.
The interface circuit 1524, thus, typically includes a graphics
driver card.
The interface circuit 1524 also includes a communication device
such as a modem or network interface card to facilitate exchange of
data with external computers via a network (e.g., an Ethernet
connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line,
coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
The processor platform 1500 also includes one or more mass storage
devices 1530 for storing software and data. Examples of such mass
storage devices 1530 include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks,
compact disk drives and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives. The
mass storage device 1530 may implement the example data stores 205,
305, and 405. Alternatively, the volatile memory 1518 may implement
the example data stores 205, 305, and 405.
As an alternative to implementing the methods and/or apparatus
described herein in a system such as the device of FIG. 15, the
methods and or apparatus described herein may be embedded in a
structure such as a processor and/or an ASIC (application specific
integrated circuit). As discussed above, small form factor
processors and devices are preferred for the in-vehicle media
monitoring device 104 and the audience measurement data shuttle
112.
Although the above discloses example systems including, among other
components, software executed on hardware, it should be noted that
such systems are merely illustrative and should not be considered
as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of the
disclosed hardware and software components could be embodied
exclusively in dedicated hardware, exclusively in software,
exclusively in firmware or in some combination of hardware,
firmware and/or software.
In addition, although certain methods, apparatus, and articles of
manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of
this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent
covers all apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture fairly
falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or
under the doctrine of equivalents.
* * * * *
References