U.S. patent number RE44,554 [Application Number 12/378,772] was granted by the patent office on 2013-10-22 for information receiving device and method, information release device, and information communication system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sony Corporation. The grantee listed for this patent is Ryusuke Sawatari, Shusuke Utsumi. Invention is credited to Ryusuke Sawatari, Shusuke Utsumi.
United States Patent |
RE44,554 |
Utsumi , et al. |
October 22, 2013 |
Information receiving device and method, information release
device, and information communication system
Abstract
If an instruction is provided so as to receive second content
information in place of first content information on the basis of
only one operation by a user while the first content information is
received through a connection formed in a communication network,
the connection for communication of the first content information
is disconnected, and thereafter, a connection for communication of
the second content information is formed. In this manner, network
resources can be reserved or released without consciousness of
users.
Inventors: |
Utsumi; Shusuke (Minato-ku,
JP), Sawatari; Ryusuke (Minato-ku, JP) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Utsumi; Shusuke
Sawatari; Ryusuke |
Minato-ku
Minato-ku |
N/A
N/A |
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Sony Corporation (Tokyo,
JP)
|
Family
ID: |
15022973 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/378,772 |
Filed: |
February 18, 2009 |
PCT
Filed: |
May 13, 1999 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/JP99/02493 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
April 07, 2000 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO99/59295 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
November 18, 1999 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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11356422 |
Feb 16, 2006 |
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Reissue of: |
09446994 |
May 13, 1999 |
6693896 |
Feb 17, 2004 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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May 13, 1998 [JP] |
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P10-129971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
370/352 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L
65/1043 (20130101); H04L 47/724 (20130101); H04L
47/801 (20130101); H04L 29/06027 (20130101); H04L
47/70 (20130101); H04L 12/66 (20130101); H04L
2012/5667 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04L
12/66 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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6-30021 |
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Feb 1996 |
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JP |
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9-1211337 |
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May 1997 |
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JP |
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08-032601 |
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Aug 2008 |
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JP |
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Other References
US PUB 2002/0064149, Elliott et al. May 30, 2002, system and method
for providing requested QoS in a hybrid network. cited by examiner
.
US PUB 2003/0140159, Campbell, Jul. 24, 2003, method and system for
transmitting and/or retrieving real-time video and audio
information over performance-limited transmission systems. cited by
examiner .
Partridge, Craig Gigabit Networking Chapter 11 Traffic Shapping,
00-00-1994. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Jain; Raj
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier
& Neustadt, L.L.P.
Parent Case Text
.Iadd.CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS.Iaddend.
.Iadd.This application is a reissue divisional of and claims the
benefit of priority from U.S. Ser. No. 11/356,422, filed Feb. 16,
2006, which is an application for reissue of Ser. No. 09/446,994,
filed Apr. 7, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,693,896, which is a
national stage application of PCT/JP99/02493, filed May 13, 1999,
now abandoned, and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese
Patent Application No. 10-129971, filed May 13, 1998, the entire
contents of each of which are incorporated herein by
reference..Iaddend.
Claims
What is claimed is:
.[.1. An information receiving apparatus which is connected to an
information providing apparatus by forming a connection in a
communication network and which receives content information from
the information providing apparatus through the connection,
comprising: input means for inputting a command based on an
operation by a user; communication means for making communication
through the communication network; control means for controlling
the communication means so as to output an instruction signal,
based on the command inputted through the input means; and display
means for displaying the content information received by the
communication means, characterized in that if a switching
instruction which indicates that second content information should
be received in place of first content information is inputted as
the command to the communication means when the communication means
is receiving the first content information through the connection
formed in the communication network, the control means makes
control so as to output a disconnection instruction for
disconnecting the connection for transmitting the first content
information, which is formed in the communication network
connecting the communication means and the information providing
apparatus, and a formation instruction for forming the connection
for transmitting the second content information, which is formed in
the communication network connecting the communication means and
the information providing apparatus, further characterized in that
prior to formation of the connection, the control means controls
makes control such that the communication means outputs a
reservation instruction signal for making reservation of a
communication band resource of the communication network, as the
instruction signal, and further characterized in that if the
control means recognizes the communication band resource which is
necessary for the content information to be received, the control
means makes control such that the communication means outputs the
reservation instruction signal containing resource information
indicating the communication band resource, or if the control means
does not recognize the communication band resource which is
necessary for the content information to be received, the control
means makes control such that the communication means outputs the
reservation instruction signal without containing the resource
information indicating the communication band resource..].
.[.2. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising storage
means for storing predetermined resource information used for
reserving a communication band resource necessary for transmitting
the content information, characterized in that the control means
generates the formation instruction containing the predetermined
resource information stored in the storage means, when forming the
connection..].
.[.3. An apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the
storage means stores information used for reserving a communication
band resource for transmitting the content information as the
predetermined resource information..].
.[.4. An information receiving apparatus which is connected to an
information providing apparatus by forming a connection in a
communication network and which receives content information from
the information providing apparatus through the connection,
comprising: input means for inputting a command based on an
operation by a user; communication means for making communication
through the communication network; control means for controlling
the communication means so as to output an instruction signal,
based on the command inputted through the input means; and display
means for displaying the content information received by the
communication means, characterized in that if a switching
instruction which indicates that second content information should
be received in place of first content information is inputted as
the command to the communication means when the communication means
is receiving the first content information through the connection
formed in the communication network, the control means makes
control so as to output a disconnection instruction for
disconnecting the connection for transmitting the first content
information, which is formed in the communication network
connecting the communication means and the information providing
apparatus, and a formation instruction for forming the connection
for transmitting the second content information, which is formed in
the communication network connecting the communication means and
the information providing apparatus, further characterized in that
after outputting the disconnection instruction for instructing
disconnection of the connection for content information presently
received at a previously set time interval, the control means makes
control so as to output the information instruction for instructing
formation of the connection for transmitting content information
according to a previously set order..].
.[.5. An information receiving method in which a connection is made
in a communication network to an information providing apparatus
and content information is received from the information providing
apparatus through the connection, comprising: an input step of
inputting a command based on an operation by a user; a
communication step of making communication through the
communication network; a control step of controlling the
communication step so as to output an instruction signal, based on
the command inputted through the input step; and a display step of
displaying the content information received through the
communication step, characterized in that if a switching command
which instructs that second content information should be received
in place of first content information is inputted as the command in
the communication step, based on only one operation by a user in
the input step, when the first content information is being
received in the communication step through the connection formed in
the communication network, the control step makes control so as to
output a disconnection instruction for instructing disconnection of
the connection for transmitting the first content information,
which if formed in the communication network connected with the
information providing apparatus by the communication step, and a
formation instruction for instructing formation of the connection
for transmitting the second content information, which is formed in
the communication network connected with the information providing
apparatus in the communication step, further characterized in that
prior to formation of the connection, the control step makes
control such that a reservation instruction signal for making
reservation of a communication band resource of the communication
network is outputted as the instruction signal in the communication
step, and further characterized in that if the communication band
resource which is necessary for the content information to be
received is recognized in the control step, the control step makes
control such that the reservation instruction signal containing
resource information indicating the communication band resource is
outputted in the communication step, or if the communication band
resource which is necessary for the content information to be
received is not recognized in the control step, the control step
makes control such that the reservation instruction signal without
containing resource information indicating the communication band
resource is outputted in the communication step..].
.[.6. A method according to claim 5, further comprising a storage
step of storing predetermined resource information used for
reserving a communication band resource necessary for transmitting
the content information, characterized in that the control step
generates the formation instruction containing the predetermined
resource information stored in the storage step, when forming the
connection..].
.[.7. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that
information used for reserving a communication band resource for
transmitting the content information is stored as the predetermined
resource information in the storage step..].
.[.8. An information receiving method in which a connection is made
in a communication network to an information providing apparatus
and content information is received from the information providing
apparatus through the connection, comprising: an input step of
inputting a command based on an operation by a user; a
communication step of making communication through the
communication network; a control step of controlling the
communication step so as to output an instruction signal, based on
the command inputted through the input step; and a display step of
displaying the content information received through the
communication step, characterized in that if a switching command
which instructs that second content information should be received
in place of first content information is inputted as the command in
the communication step, based on only one operation by a user in
the input step, when the first content information is being
received in the communication step through the connection formed in
the communication network, the control step makes control so as to
output a disconnection instruction for instructing disconnection of
the connection for transmitting the first content information,
which if formed in the communication network connected with the
information providing apparatus by the communication step, and a
formation instruction for instructing formation of the connection
for transmitting the second content information, which is formed in
the communication network connected with the information providing
apparatus in the communication step, further characterized in that
after outputting the disconnection instruction for instructing
disconnection of the connection for content information presently
received, at a previously set time interval, the control step makes
control so as to output the formation instruction for instructing
formation of the connection for transmitting content information
according to a previously set order..].
.[.9. An information providing apparatus which is connected to an
information receiving apparatus through a communication network and
which provides the information receiving apparatus with content
information, with use of a communication band resource of the
communication network which is reserved prior to providing of the
content information, comprising: communication means for making
communication through the communication network; storage means for
storing the content information; direction means for detecting
whether or not resource information indicating the communication
band resource is contained in an instruction signal, when the
communication means receives the instruction signal from the
information receiving apparatus; and control means for outputting a
band reservation command for reserving the communication band
resource, based on a detection result from the detection means, and
for making control to make a selection from a first mode in which
the communication means is controlled so as to output the content
information to the information receiving apparatus, and a second
mode in which the communication means is controlled so as to output
the content information with use of the communication band resource
indicated by the resource information, characterized in that the
control means selects the first mode if the instruction signal does
not contain the resource information, or the second mode if the
instruction signal contains the resource information..].
.[.10. An information communication system comprising an
information providing apparatus and an information receiving
apparatus connected to a communication network, in which the
information providing apparatus and the information receiving
apparatus exchanges content information through communication with
use of a communication band resource of the communication network
which is reserved prior to communication of the content
information, characterized in that the information providing
apparatus includes providing communication means for making
communication through the communication network, storage means for
storing the content information, and providing control means for
controlling the providing communication means so as to output the
content information, the information receiving apparatus includes
input means for inputting a command based on an operation by a
user, receiving communication means for making communication
through the communication network, receiving control means for
controlling the receiving communication means so as to output an
instruction signal based on the command inputted through the input
means, and display means for displaying the content information
received by the communication means, and if a switching instruction
which indicates that second content information should be received
in place of first content information is inputted as the command to
the receiving communication means when the receiving communication
means is receiving the first content information through the
connection formed in the communication network, the receiving
control means makes control so as to output a disconnection
instruction for disconnecting the connection for transmitting the
first content information, which is formed in the communication
network connecting the receiving communication means and the
information providing apparatus, and a formation instruction for
forming the connection for transmitting the second content
information, which is formed in the communication network
connecting the receiving communication means and the information
providing apparatus, and characterized in that the information
providing apparatus further includes detection means for detecting
whether or not resource information indicating the communication
band resource is contained in an instruction signal, when the
receiving communication means receives the instruction signal from
the information receiving apparatus, and based on a detection
result from the detection means, the providing control means makes
control so as to select a first mode in which a band reservation
command for reserving the communication band resource is outputted
and the communication means is controlled so as to output the
content information to the information receiving apparatus, if the
instruction signal does not contain the resource information, or a
second mode in which the communication means is controlled so as to
output the content information with use of the communication band
resource indicated by the resource information, if the instruction
signal contains the resource information..].
.[.11. A system according to claim 10, further comprising a relay
apparatus between the information providing apparatus and the
information receiving apparatus, characterized in that the relay
apparatus reserves the band communication resource based on an
instruction from the providing control means and the receiving
control means..].
.[.12. A system according to claim 11, characterized in that the
relay apparatus reserves the communication resource used for
communication from the information providing apparatus to the
information receiving apparatus..].
.Iadd.13. An information receiving method in which a connection is
made in a communication network to an information providing
apparatus and a content is received from the information providing
apparatus through the connection, the method comprising: initiating
a client interface program; receiving data including a first
program title that is an Internet video on demand program title, a
unicast address associated with the first program title, a second
program title, and a multicast address associated with the second
program title; selecting one of the first program title or the
second program title; and receiving a content of the selected
program title from the information providing apparatus associated
with one of the unicast address and the multicast
address..Iaddend.
.Iadd.14. The method of claim 13, wherein the second program title
is an Internet television program title..Iaddend.
.Iadd.15. The method of claim 13, wherein the data further includes
first and second service numbers corresponding to the first and
second program titles respectively..Iaddend.
.Iadd.16. The method of claim 13, wherein the data further includes
first and second transfer rates corresponding to the first and
second program titles respectively..Iaddend.
.Iadd.17. The method of claim 14, further comprising simultaneously
displaying the first and second program titles on a
screen..Iaddend.
.Iadd.18. An information receiving method in which a connection is
made in a communication network to an information providing
apparatus and a content is received from the information providing
apparatus through the connection, the method comprising: (a)
receiving data including one or more program titles that are
Internet video on demand program titles, and one or more IP
addresses associated with the Internet video on demand program
titles, at least one of the one or more IP addresses is a multicast
address; (b) automatically forming a connection for receiving a
video content of one of the Internet video on demand program titles
from an information providing apparatus associated with one of the
IP addresses; (c) automatically disconnecting the connection; and
(d) repeating steps (b) and (c) until receiving a user input which
interrupts step (b)..Iaddend.
.Iadd.19. The method of claim 18, wherein the video content is an
Internet television program..Iaddend.
.Iadd.20. An information receiving method in which a connection is
made in a communication network to an information providing
apparatus and a content is received from the information providing
apparatus through the connection, the method comprising: initiating
a client interface program, wherein the client interface program
causes a client hardware to display at least a first service name
and a second service name on a screen, wherein the first service
name is associated with a network address from which Internet video
on demand is provided through a unicast and the second service name
is associated with a multicast address; receiving a user selection
to select at least one of the first service name or the second
service name; and receiving a content of the selected one of the
first or second service names..Iaddend.
.Iadd.21. The method of claim 20, wherein the content is displayed
on the screen simultaneously with the first and second service
names..Iaddend.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an information receiving
apparatus, an information receiving method, an information
providing apparatus, and an information communication system, by
which a user can reserve or release a resource without
consciousness.
BACKGROUND ART
It is considered that users can use a high-speed network in homes
in the near future, for example, owing to progress of FTTH (Fiber
to the Home) techniques which provides various communication
services such as telephone, ISDN, and the like through optical
fiber cables extended to homes. In case of realizing data providing
services which are expected to spread under this environment, such
as Internet television service (which will be abbreviated as
Internet TV hereinafter), Internet video on demand service (which
will be abbreviated as Internet VoD), and the like, the service
providers must guarantee the quality of data provided for users,
i.e., the quality of services (QoS). In order to guarantee the
quality in the data providing services, reservations of band
resources used on the network must be carried out to achieve data
providing services. That is, to explain an IP (Internet Protocol)
network using an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), a connectionless
IP packet needs to be transferred by a virtual connection (which
will be abbreviated as VC hereinafter) as a connection-oriented
technique which guarantees the quality.
Meanwhile, RSVP (Resource reSerVation Protocol) has been
conventionally known as a protocol for reserving a resource such as
virtual connection (VC) or the like. In the RSVP, a user operates a
terminal connected to a network to reserve a resource, and a
connection is thereby constructed. In this manner, the user can
obtain data providing services. Also, in the RSVP, after a data
providing service is obtained, the resource needs to be released
when the user operates the terminal again and the connection needs
to be cut.
Thus, in a conventional protocol such as RSVP for reserving a
resource, a user himself or herself must operate a terminal, for
example, to reserve or release a resource. Thus, there is a problem
that users must carry burdens.
Also, for example, in case of an Internet TV, broadcasting of
programs is expected to be supplied through a plurality of
channels. In the data providing service (program broadcasting
service) by the internet TV, it is considered that a user will
switch channels to know what programs are being broadcasted, like
watching and hearing a normal television broadcasting program,
i.e., a user will frequently switch channels for zapping. In this
case, however, the user must operate a terminal to reserve or
release a resource every time zapping is carried out, so that this
operation will become a large burden for the user.
The present invention has been made in view of this situation, and
has an object of providing an information receiving apparatus, an
information receiving method, an information providing apparatus,
and an information communication system, by which users can reserve
or release resources without particular consciousness.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
An information receiving apparatus according to the present
invention, which is connected to an information providing apparatus
by forming a connection in a communication network and which
receives content information from the information providing
apparatus through the connection, comprises: input means for
inputting a command based on an operation by a user; communication
means for making communication through the communication network;
control means for controlling the communication means so as to
output an instruction signal, based on the command inputted through
the input means; and display means for displaying the content
information received by the communication means, characterized in
that if a switching instruction which indicates that second content
information should be received in place of first content
information is inputted as the command to the communication means
when the communication means is receiving the first content
information through the connection formed in the communication
network, the control means makes control so as to output a
disconnection instruction for disconnecting the connection for
transmitting the first content information, which is formed in the
communication network connecting the communication means and the
information providing apparatus, and a formation instruction for
forming the connection for transmitting the second content
information, which is formed in the communication network
connecting the communication means and the information providing
apparatus.
The control means of the information receiving apparatus according
to the present invention controls makes control such that the
communication means outputs a reservation instruction signal for
making reservation of a communication band resource of the
communication network, as the instruction signal, prior to
formation of the connection.
Also, if the control means of the information receiving apparatus
according to the present invention recognizes the communication
band resource which is necessary for the content information to be
received, the control means makes control such that the
communication means outputs the reservation instruction signal
containing resource information indicating the communication band
resource, or if the control means does not recognize the
communication band resource which is necessary for the content
information to be received, the control means makes control such
that the communication means outputs the reservation instruction
signal without containing the resource information indicating the
communication band resource.
Also, the information receiving apparatus according to the present
invention further comprises storage means for storing predetermined
resource information used for reserving a communication band
resource necessary for transmitting the content information,
characterized in that the control means generates the formation
instruction containing the predetermined resource information
stored in the storage means, when forming the connection.
Also, the information receiving apparatus according to the present
invention is characterized in that the storage means stores
information used for reserving a communication band resource for
transmitting the content information to be provided at least in a
one-to-one manner or a one-to-many manner, as the predetermined
resource information.
Also, the information receiving apparatus according to the present
invention is characterized in that after outputting the
disconnection instruction for instructing disconnection of the
connection for content information presently received at a
previously set time interval, the control means makes control so as
to output the formation instruction for instructing formation of
the connection for transmitting content information according to a
previously set order.
Next, an information receiving method according to the present
invention, in which a connection is made in a communication network
to an information providing apparatus and content information is
received from the information providing apparatus through the
connection, comprises: an input step of inputting a command based
on an operation by a user; a communication step of making
communication through the communication network; a control step of
controlling the communication step so as to output an instruction
signal, based on the command inputted through the input step; and a
display step of displaying the content information received through
the communication step, characterized in that if a switching
command which instructs that second content information should be
received in place of first content information is inputted as the
command in the communication step, based on only one operation by a
user in the input step, when the first content information is being
received in the communication step through the connection formed in
the communication network, the control step makes control so as to
output a disconnection instruction for instructing disconnection of
the connection for transmitting the first content information,
which is formed in the communication network connected with the
information providing apparatus by the communication step, and a
formation instruction for instructing formation of the connection
for transmitting the second content information, which is formed in
the communication network connected with the information providing
apparatus in the communication step.
The control step of the information receiving method according to
the present invention makes control such that a reservation
instruction signal for making reservation of a communication band
resource of the communication network is outputted as the
instruction signal in the communication step, prior to formation of
the connection.
Also, if the communication band resource which is necessary for the
content information to be received is recognized in the control
step, the control step of the information receiving method
according to the present invention makes control such that the
reservation instruction signal containing resource information
indicating the communication band resource is outputted in the
communication step, or if the communication band resource which is
necessary for the content information to be received is not
recognized in the control step, the control step makes control such
that the reservation instruction signal without containing resource
information indicating the communication band resource is outputted
in the communication step.
Also, the information receiving method according to the present
invention further comprises a storage step of storing predetermined
resource information used for reserving a communication band
resource necessary for transmitting the content information,
characterized in that the control step generates the formation
instruction containing the predetermined resource information
stored in the storage step, when forming the connection.
Also, information used for reserving a communication band resource
for transmitting the content information to be provided at least in
a one-to-one manner or a one-to-many manner is stored as the
predetermined resource information in the storage step of the
information receiving method according to the present
invention.
Also, after outputting the disconnection instruction for
instructing disconnection of the connection for content information
presently received, at a previously set time interval, the control
step of the information receiving method according to the present
invention makes control so as to output the formation instruction
for instructing formation of the connection for transmitting
content information according to a previously set order.
Next, an information providing apparatus according to the present
invention, which is connected to an information receiving apparatus
through a communication network and which provides the information
receiving apparatus with content information with use of a
communication band resource of the communication network which is
reserved prior to providing of the content information, comprises:
communication means for making communication through the
communication network; storage means for storing the content
information; detection means for detecting whether or not resource
information indicating the communication band resource is contained
in an instruction signal, when the communication means receives the
instruction signal from the information receiving apparatus; and
control means for outputting a band reservation command for
reserving the communication band resource, based on a detection
result from the detection means, and for making control to make a
selection from a first mode in which the communication means is
controlled so as to output the content information to the
information receiving apparatus, and a second mode in which the
communication means is controlled so as to output the content
information with use of the communication band resource indicated
by the resource information, characterized in that the control
means selects the first mode if the instruction signal does not
contain the resource information, or the second mode if the
instruction signal contains the resource information.
An information communication system according to the present
invention comprises an information providing apparatus and an
information receiving apparatus connected to a communication
network, in which the information providing apparatus and the
information receiving apparatus exchanges content information
through communication with use of a communication band resource of
the communication network which is reserved prior to communication
of the content information, characterized in that the information
providing apparatus includes providing communication means for
making communication through the communication network, storage
means for storing the content information, and providing control
means for controlling the providing communication means so as to
output the content information, that the information receiving
apparatus includes input means for inputting a command based on an
operation by a user, receiving communication means for making
communication through the communication network, receiving control
means for controlling the receiving communication means so as to
output an instruction signal based on the command inputted through
the input means, and display means for displaying the content
information received by the receiving communication means, and that
if a switching instruction which indicates that second content
information should be received in place of first content
information is inputted as the command to the receiving
communication means when the receiving communication means is
receiving the first content information through the connection
formed in the communication network, the receiving control means
makes control so as to output a disconnection instruction for
disconnecting the connection for transmitting the first content
information, which is formed in the communication network
connecting the receiving communication means and the information
providing apparatus, and a formation instruction for forming the
connection for transmitting the second content information, which
is formed in the communication network connecting the receiving
communication means and the information providing apparatus.
The information providing apparatus in the information
communication system according to the present invention further
includes detection means for detecting whether or not resource
information indicating the communication band resource is contained
in an instruction signal, when the receiving communication means
receives the instruction signal from the information receiving
apparatus, and based on a detection result from the detection
means, the providing control means makes control so as to select a
first mode in which a band reservation command for reserving the
communication band resource is outputted and the communication
means is controlled so as to output the content information to the
information receiving apparatus, if the instruction signal does not
contain the resource information, or a second mode in which the
communication means is controlled so as to output the content
information with use of the communication band resource indicated
by the resource information, if the instruction signal contains the
resource information.
Also, the information communication system according to the present
invention further comprises a relay apparatus between the
information providing apparatus and the information receiving
apparatus, characterized in that the relay apparatus reserves the
band communication resource based on an instruction from the
providing control means and the receiving control means.
Also, the relay apparatus in the information communication system
according to the present invention reserves the communication
resource used for communication from the information providing
apparatus to the information receiving apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of the structure of a network
of client terminals to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of the structure inside a
client terminal.
FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of the structure inside a video
server.
FIG. 4 is a display example of the screen of the client I/F.
FIG. 5 shows an example of data (resource reservation parameters)
set in a client setting file.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart which explains an operation example of a
client terminal.
FIG. 7 is a view showing another display example of the screen of
the client I/F.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart which explains an operation example of a
video server.
FIG. 9 is a view for explaining a state in which the receiver side
is issuing a resource request message.
FIG. 10 is a view showing an example of the structure of ASP.
FIG. 11 is a view showing an example of the format of the ASP
header.
FIG. 12 is a view showing an example of the structure of a backbone
router.
FIG. 13 is a view showing an example of the structure of an edge
router.
FIG. 14 is a view showing an example of the structure of a
network.
FIG. 15 shows an ASP internal table.
FIG. 16 is a view showing the flow of an ASP message and explaining
the procedure until a VC is constructed in case where the receiver
knows QoS.
FIG. 17 is a view showing the flow of an ASP message and explaining
the procedure of extending a VC in case where only the sender knows
QoS.
FIG. 18 is a view showing the flow of an ASP message and explaining
the procedure of extending a VC in case where the sender starts
reservation.
FIG. 19 is a view explaining the procedure of performing
bi-directional communication in case where each of the sender and
receiver knows QoS.
FIG. 20 is a view showing the flow of each ASP message and
explaining the procedure of extending a VC in the direction
opposite to the flow in case where each of the sender and receiver
knows QoS.
FIG. 21 is a view explaining the procedure of constructing a VC in
case where the receiver knows QoS required for bi-directional
communication.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the following, explanation will be made of preferred embodiments
of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a connection of a network of a client
terminal to which the present invention is applied.
Client terminals 11 and 12 are each comprised of a personal
computer used by a member and are connected to a router through
channels. Although only two terminals 11 and 12 are shown in the
example shown in FIG. 1, this is merely an example and a plurality
of terminals may be connected to the router. In the following
explanation, channels using optical fibers are cited as examples of
channels connected to the client terminals 11 and 12 (which will be
called member lines). Also, in the following explanation, a network
called AMInet described later is used as an example of the network
connected to the channels using the optical fibers. The client
terminals 11 and 12 connected to an AMInet router 21 of the AMInet
20 through member lines.
In this case, the AMInet is a network which is compatible as a host
with the Internet and is also a network architecture of a next
generation which solves problems of existing network architectures.
The AMInet architecture solves essential problems included in the
Internet architecture, in view of the generation in which homes and
enterprises will be always connected to an ultra-high-speed network
of a symmetric/semi-symmetric type by realizing FTTH (T. Miki.
Toward the Service-Rich Era. IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 32,
No. 2, February 1994) and xDSL (G. T. Hawley. Systems
Considerations for the Use of xDSL Technology for Data Access. IEEE
Communications Magazine, Vol. 35, No. 3, March 1997).
That is, the AMInet architecture is characterized in realization of
dynamic construction of an optimum protocol stack, original
high-speed resource reservation using IP, negotiation between equal
classes of different nodes and between upper and lower classes in
one same node, connection-oriented QoS guarantee, separation of an
ID of a node and an address thereof, control between non-ends, an
architecture independent from communication media, and the like.
Note that the high-speed resource reservation protocol in the
AMInet will now be called ASP (AMInet Set-up Protocol). The AMInet
and ASP will be more specifically explained below.
The AMInet 20 is constructed by an AMInet router 21, an ATM network
22 (which is merely an example and may be another network), and an
AMInet router 23.
The AMInet router 21 forming part of the AMInet 20 is a router
having an ATM network interface which has original function
expanded for the AMInet. This AMInet router 21 collects member
lines and is connected to the ATM network 22 as an example of a
channel network. The ATM network 22 is connected also to the AMInet
router 23 in addition to the AMInet router 21. The AMInet router 23
is also a router having an ATM network interface which has original
function expanded for the AMInet, like the AMInet router 21. In
this example, the AMInet router 23 is connected to N pieces of
servers through optical fibers. In FIG. 1, video servers 32-1 to
32-N each of which is capable of providing video data and audio
data are cited as examples of N pieces of servers. In the
following, the video servers 32-1 to 32-N will be represented
simply by a video server 32 unless the servers need to be
distinguished from each other.
The video server 32 is, for example a video server capable
compatible with Internet TV and Internet VoD, and can supply (or
supply services of providing) at least video data and audio data to
client terminals 11 and 12.
FIG. 2 shows an example of an internal structure of the client
terminal 11.
An operating section 51 is constructed by a mouse or a keyboard,
for example, and is operated appropriately by a user when inputting
a predetermined command to the control section 50. A display
section 52 is constructed by, for example, an LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display), a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), or another display device and
displays various information.
A communication section 53 is connected to the AMInet router 21
through a member line to make communication with the AMInet router
21. A data base 54 stores a client interface (hereinafter
abbreviated as I/F) program capable of responding to Internet TV
and Internet VoD, predetermined data necessary for the client I/F,
and an application program necessary for the communication section
53 to make communication through the AMInet 20. Further, the
database 54 appropriately stores data provided through the AMInet
20. Note that the predetermined data required for the Internet TV
and internet VoD will be resource reservation parameters and the
like which are required for reserving network band resources when
receiving providing services concerning various data such as video
data, audio data, and the like from a server. These resource
reservation parameters are distributed from the server side and
stored into the database 54 when a connection is made with a server
as a service provider, for example. In addition, the resource
reservation parameters can be previously supplied in form of any
medium. In this case, resource reservation parameters picked up
from the supplied medium are stored into the database 54. Details
of the resource reservation parameters will be described later.
The control section 50 controls the operating section 51 to the
database 54 in accordance with the client I/F program and
application program stored in the database 54, so as to execute
various operations.
Note that the inside of the client terminal 12 is constructed to be
basically equal to the client terminal 11 and its illustration and
explanation will be omitted herefrom.
FIG. 3 shows an example of the structure of the video server
32-1.
A CPU 61 is arranged so as to execute various operations in
accordance with a program recorded in a ROM 62 or a hard disk 64.
The RAM 63 appropriately stores various data necessary for the CPU
61 to execute various processing.
The hard disk 64 stores a server program for responding to
predetermined requests transferred through the AMInet 20 and also
stores a client I/F program to be provided for a client terminal
and data (e.g., resource reservation parameters) necessary for the
program. Further, the hard disk 64 is capable of storing data
(e.g., video data and audio data) to be provided as a service for a
member (or client terminal).
Video data and audio data to be provided as service data for a
client terminal are supplied from the hard disk 64 or various
devices connected through the I/O section 66. The video data or
audio data supplied from those various devices is transmitted
directly from the communication section 65 to the AMInet 20 in
response to the client terminal side or is once stored into the
hard disk 64 from which the data is read in response to a request
from the client terminal side and is transmitted from the
communication section 65 to the AMInet 20.
The I/O section 66 is connected to, for example, an IEEE 1394
network 67, and the IEEE 1394 network 67 is connected to, for
example, a digital VTR 68, a media converter 69, a television
camera 70, a TV tuner 71, a radio tuner 72, and the like, as supply
sources for supplying video data and audio data to be provided as
service data for a client terminal. In addition, the media
converter 69 is connected to, for example, a plurality of analogue
VTRs 73, 74, . . . This media converter 69 converts analogue videos
and audio signals, from the analogue VTRs, into digital videos and
audio data, and supplies the converted digital vides and audio data
onto the IEEE 1394 network 67. That is, the data to be supplied
from the server side to the client terminal side is not limited to
recorded video data but may be considered to be live video data
being currently picked up by the television camera 70, videos and
audio data processed through the media converter 69, and the like.
Note that video data to be transmitted may be, for example, in form
of compressed image data according to the MPEG standard.
The communication section 65 is connected to the AMInet router 23
through an optical fiber so as to make communication with the
AMInet router 23.
The insides of the video servers 32-2 to 32-N are constructed to be
basically equal to the inside of the video server 32-1, and
illustration and explanation thereof will be omitted herefrom.
By the structure described above, a client terminal can receive
services for providing video data and audio data based on the
Internet TV or Internet VoD from a video server. In the following,
explanation will be made of a processing procedure in case where a
client terminal of receiving a service of providing video data and
audio data through the Internet TV or Internet VoD from a video
server.
FIG. 4 shows a display example of an initial screen of a client I/D
displayed as GUI (Graphical User Interface) on the screen of the
display section 52 of the client terminal 11.
In the example of FIG. 4, program selection buttons 101-1 to 101-9
indicating a plurality of program titles as contents to be provided
by services are arranged in the left side on the screen of the
display section 52. Below the program selection button 101-9, an
end button 102, a zapping button 103, 10 s setting button, and 20 s
setting button 105 are provided. A video display section 106 is
positioned at the center in the right side on the screen.
In this example, the client I/F is an example of I/F compatibly
responding to the Internet TV and Internet VoD. In the case of FIG.
4, service names (program titles) which can be provided by the
Internet VoD are indicated on the program selection buttons 101-1
to 101-8, and the program selection button 101-9 indicates a
service name (program title) which can be provided by the Internet
TV.
FIG. 5 shows examples of resource reservation parameters as
predetermined data necessary for the client I/F compatible with the
Internet TV and Internet VoD. These resource reservation parameters
are required for network resource reservation when receiving
information concerning respective programs to be provided through
the Internet TV and Internet VoD. For example, when a client
terminal makes a connection with a server in the service providing
side, the parameters are transmitted from the server side and
stored as a client setting file 54A in the database 54 of the
client terminal.
In the example of FIG. 5, set as resource reservation parameters
are a service number for specifying the content of a service, a
program title which can be provided as a service, a server address
such as a broadcasting station address of Internet TV or Internet
VoD (e.g., an IP address of a network layer), a port number which
specifies a service in a server (e.g., a TCP/UDP port number of a
transport layer), a transfer rate for specifying a band resource
required on a network when providing a service, a read/write size
with respect to a socket as a unit of data read/written from/into
OS (operating system) by an application of a serve, a socket buffer
size as the size of a buffer for a socket, maximum and minimum
transfer sizes of data (in units of bytes) transferred on the
network, a token packet size as one of parameters in a so-called
token packet algorithm (e.g., the maximum data amount which can be
outputted at once onto the network), and a multicast IP address and
port number which are used for executing multicast providing.
In case of Internet VoD, since one service (video data and audio
data of a program) is supplied for one client terminal, the service
(video data and audio data of a program) is supplied in form of
uni-cast from a server. Accordingly, in this case, the multicast
IP-address/port-number of the resource reservation parameters shown
in FIG. 5 is neglected (e.g., set to 0/0). Also, in the Internet
VoD, if provided video data is, for example, animation data and if
the animation data matches with the MPEG standard, a user (or
client terminal) can select a desired transfer rate from several
kinds of transfer rates such as 6M bps, 3M bps, and the like, as
the transfer rate for the animation data.
Meanwhile, in case of Internet TV, a plurality of client terminals
exist with respect to one service (program), and therefore, the
service (program) is provided in form of multicast from a
server.
Returning to FIG. 4, program titles among resource reservation
parameters are displayed on the program selection buttons 101.
Accordingly, a user (or client terminal) selects a button
displaying a desired program title from the program selection
buttons 101 and can then receives a service of video data and audio
data corresponding to the selected program through the Internet TV
or Internet VoD.
The end button 102 is a button which is selected when a user
terminates a client I/F.
The zapping button 103 is operated by a user when the zapping mode
is set on or off. If the zapping mode is set on, a plurality of
videos corresponding to the program selection buttons 101 are
automatically and sequentially displayed on the image display
section 106 for a predetermined time (e.g., 10 or 20 seconds in
this example). In this manner, the user can confirm videos of
respective programs so that an interested program can be found out
with ease.
The 10 s setting button 104 is selected by a user when the display
time (zapping time) for which respective programs are displayed
automatically and sequentially is set to 10 seconds while the
zapping mode is on. The 20 s setting button 105 is selected by a
user when the display time (zapping time) for which respective
programs are displayed automatically and sequentially is set to 20
seconds while the zapping mode is on.
When an initial screen is displayed on the display section 52,
i.e., when the client I/F program is newly started, predetermined
settings of the client I/F are initialized. For example, when the
zapping mode is switched on, the zapping time is initialized to
either 10 or 20 seconds.
Next, FIG. 6 shows a processing procedure in the control section 50
of the client terminal 11 in case where a service of Internet TV or
Internet VoD is received from a server.
In this FIG. 6, when the client I/F program is started in the step
S40, the control section 50 controls the communication section 53
to make connection with a server and to receive and store data
containing resource reservation parameters into the data base 54,
for example, in the step S41. Then, the initial screen of the
client I/F shown in FIG. 4 is displayed on the display section
52.
In a state in which the client I/F program is started and the
initial screen of the client I/F shown in FIG. 4 is displayed on
the display section 52, the control section 50 waits in the step S1
until any command is inputted through the operating section. The
control section 50 goes to the processing of the step S2 and later
if any command is inputted through the operating section 51 while
waiting in the step S1.
In the step S2, the control section 50 determines whether or not a
command inputted through the operating section 51 in the step S1
instructs end of the client I/F. The control section 50 executes
termination processing of the client I/F program if it is
determined by the determination processing in the step S2 that an
end command is inputted, i.e., if the operating section 51 is
operated by a user to select the end button 102.
The control section 50 goes to the processing of the step S3 if it
is determined by the determination processing in the step S2 that a
command inputted through the operating section 51 does not instruct
end of the client I/D. The control section 50 determines whether or
not the command inputted through the operating section 51 is an
operation command concerning the program selection buttons 101. If
it is determined that the command is not an operation command
concerning the program selection buttons 101, the control section
50 goes to the processing in the step S4.
The control section 50 goes to the processing in the step S4 and
then determines whether or not the command inputted through the
operating section 51 in the step S1 is an operation command
concerning the zapping button 103. If it is determined that the
command is not an operation command concerning the zapping button
103, the control section 50 goes to the processing in the step S5.
The control section 50 thus goes to the processing in the step S5
and then determines whether or not the command inputted through the
operating section 51 is an operation command concerning the 10s
setting button 104 or the 20 s setting button 105.
If the control section 50 determines that the command inputted
through the operating section 51 in the step S1 is not an operation
command concerning the 10s setting button 104 or the 20 s setting
button 105, the control section 50 returns to the processing in the
step S1 and waits until a command is inputted from the operating
section 51. Otherwise, in the processing in the step S5, if the
control section 50 determines that the command inputted through the
operating section 51 in the step S1 is an operation command which
has selected either the 10 s setting button 104 or the 20 s setting
button 105, the control section 50 goes to the processing in the
step S6.
The control section 50 goes to the processing in the step S6 and
then sets the zapping time to a time period corresponding to the 10
s setting button 104 or 20s setting button 105 selected in the step
S5. Thereafter, the control section 50 returns to the processing in
the step S1 and waits until a command is newly inputted through the
operating section 51.
Next, the control section 50 goes to the processing in the step S7
if it is determined in the determination processing in the step S3
that the command inputted through the operating section 51 is an
operation command concerning the program selection buttons 101. In
addition, if the control section 50 determines, in the
determination processing in the step S4, that the command inputted
through the operating section 51 is an operation command concerning
the zapping button 103, the control section 50 switches ON the
zapping mode as processing in the step S42 and thereafter goes to
the processing in the step S7.
The control section 50 prepares a message for requesting resource
reservation. This message is based on a high-speed resource
reservation protocol (ASP) described above, and is therefore called
an ASP message. For example, when any one of the program selection
buttons 101-1 to 101-9 is operated in the step S1, the control
section 50 reads resource reservation parameters of a program
corresponding to the operated program selection button 101 from the
data base 54, and interprets the parameters. The section 50 further
determines an identification used for the connection, e.g., VCI
(Virtual Channel Identifier)/VPI (Virtual Path Identifier), and
prepares an ASP message for requesting resource reservation
together with the resource reservation parameter thereof. In
addition, if the zapping button 103 is operated in the step S1 and
if the zapping mode is switched on in the step S42, the control
section 50 reads resource reservation parameters of predetermined
programs from the data base 54, and interprets the parameters. The
section 50 then determines VCI/VPI and prepares an ASP message
(resource reservation request message) for requesting resource
reservation together with the resource reservation parameter
thereof.
If an ASP message for requesting resource reservation is generated
in the step S7, the control section 50 controls the communication
section 53 in the step S8, so as to transmit the ASP message to the
AMInet router 21.
The ASP message for requesting resource reservation transmitted
from the communication section 53 is transferred to the video
server 32 which is capable of providing a specified service among
the video servers 32-1 to 32-N.
It can be considered that there are ways of processing of resource
reservation for a network, i.e., resource reservation in the
forward direction in which resource reservation is made in the same
direction as the transmission direction of the ASP message, and
resource reservation in the backward direction in which resource
reservation is made in the direction opposite to the transmission
direction of the ASP message. Details of the flow of the network
resource reservation will be described later. For example, in the
process of transmitting an ASP message for requesting resource
reservation to a video server 32 from a client terminal 11, there
is a case that resource reservation is made in the direction
opposite to the transmission direction of the ASP message so that
resource reservation is made firstly in the direction from the
AMInet router 21 to the client terminal 11, next in the direction
from the AMInet router 23 to the AMInet router 21, and then in the
direction from the video server 32 to the AMInet router 23. There
is another case that, for example, the video server 32 receives a
message for requesting resource reservation transmitted from a
client terminal, and resource reservation is made in the same
direction (forward direction) as the transimssion direction of the
ASP message, in the process of returning an ASP message as a reply
to the client terminal 11 from the video server 32, so that
resource reservation is made firstly in the direction from the
video server 32 to the AMInet router 23, next in the direction from
the AMInet router 23 to the AMInet router 21, and then in the
direction from the AMInet 21 to the client terminal 11.
For example, in case where a client terminal 11 knows the amount of
resources of a network which are necessary for receiving service
data (video data and audio data), a reservation method is adopted
in which resource reservation is made in the direction opposite to
the transmission direction of the ASP message. For example, in case
of Internet VoD which practices uni-cast providing, the client
terminal 11 is previously notified of the amount of resources
necessary for service data (video data and audio data), and the
client terminal 11 reserves the amount of resources necessary for
receiving service data (video data and audio data). Therefore, the
resource reservation method in the opposite direction is
adopted.
If the client terminal 11 does not know the amount of resources of
the network that are necessary for receiving service data (video
data and audio data), a reservation method is adopted in which
resource reservation is made in the same direction (forward
direction) as the transmission direction of the ASP message. For
example, in case of Internet TV which practices multicast
providing, the client terminal 11 is operated and a request of
providing service data (video data and audio data) is issued to the
server 32. Then, the server 32 reserves the amount of resources
necessary for providing the service data (video data and audio
data). Therefore, a resource reservation method in the same
direction (forward direction) is adopted.
After an ASP message for requesting resource reservation is
transmitted in the step S8, the control section 50 determines
whether or not resource reservation is successful in the step S9.
That is, upon receipt of a message expressing that resource
reservation has been successful or failed as a result of resource
reservation in the backward or forward direction, the control
section 50 determines whether resource reservation has been
successful or failed. If it is determined in the step S9 that
resource reservation has been failed, the section 50 controls the
display section 52 so as to display the cause of the failure of
resource reservation, as processing in the step S10, and then
returns to the processing in the step S1 thereby to advice a user
to make again the operation for selecting a program.
If it is determined in the step S9 that resource reservation has
been successful, the control section 50 controls the communication
section 53, as processing in the step S11, so as to receive service
data (video data and audio data of a program) transmitted from the
video server 32. Next, the control section 50 goes to the
processing in the step S12 and controls the display section 52 so
as to display the video of the received service data on the video
display section 106 of the client I/F. In this manner, a video of a
program corresponding to the program selection button 101-1, e.g.,
the video of "Baseball 1" is displayed on the video display section
106, as shown in FIG. 7.
Next, in the step S43, the control section 50 determines whether or
not the zapping mode has been switched on. If it is determined in
the step S43 that the zapping mode has been switched on, the
control section 50 determines whether or not any command has been
inputted from the operating section 51, in the step S44. If it is
determined no command has been inputted from the operating section
51, the control section 50 determines whether or not a setting time
of the zapping (zapping time) has elapsed, in the step S15. That
is, if the 10 s setting button 104 is operated in the step S6 and a
zapping time of 10 seconds is set, the control section 50
determines whether or not 10 seconds have passed. Otherwise, if the
20 s setting button 105 is operated in the step S6 and a zapping
time of 20 seconds is set, the control section 50 determines
whether of not 20 seconds have passed. If the time of the initial
setting is set as the zapping time, the control section 50
determines whether or not the time of the initial setting has
passed.
Meanwhile, if it is determined in the step S15 that the set zapping
time has not elapsed, the control section 50 returns to the
processing in the step S11 and executes the processing from the
step S11 to the step S15 until the set zapping time elapses.
If it is determined in the step S15 that the set zapping time has
elapsed, the control section 50 goes to the processing in the step
S46. When the control section 50 thus enters into to the processing
in the step S46, the control section 50 generates an ASP message
(resource reservation release request message) for requesting
release of the reservation, and controls the communication section
53 so as to transmit the ASP message to the AMInet router 21. The
ASP message for requesting release of the resource reservation
contains information for specifying a service to be terminated,
e.g., information specifying a server, information specifying a
client terminal, and the like.
The flow of the release processing of resource reservation on a
network adopts release of resource reservation only in the backward
direction in which release of the resource reservation is carried
out in the direction opposite to the transmission direction of the
ASP message, unlike the request for resource reservation. For
example, in the process in which an ASP message for requesting
release of resource reservation is transmitted from the client
terminal 11 to the video server 32, there may be a case that
release of resource reservation is made in the direction opposite
to the transmission direction of the ASP message so that the
release is made firstly in the direction from the AMInet router 21
to the client terminal 11, next in the direction from the AMInet
router 23 to the AMInet router 21, and then in the direction from
the video server 32 to the AMInet router 23.
After the ASP message for requesting releaser of resource
reservation is transmitted in the step S46, the control section 50
makes control so as to receive a message expressing the result of
the release of resource reservation from the AMInet 21, and
determines whether or not the release of resource reservation has
been successful. That is, upon receipt of a message expressing
success or failure of release of resource reservation as a result
of release of resource reservation in the backward direction, the
control section 50 determines whether or not the releaser of
resource reservation has been successful, depending on the message.
For example, if release of resource reservation has been failed due
to a disconnection on the network or the like and a message
expressing this failure is received, the control section 50
determines that the release of resource reservation has been
failed, in the step S47. Next, as processing in the step S18, the
control section 50 controls the display section 52 so as to display
the reason for the failure of the release of resource reservation
or the like, and then returns to the processing in the step S1 to
advise the user to make operation again for program selection or
zapping.
Meanwhile, if it is determined in the step S47 that the releaser of
resource reservation has been successful, the control section 50
executes setting of a channel (program) to be displayed next by
zapping, as processing in the step S48. That is, at this time, the
control section 50 sets a program next to the program presently
displayed on the video display section 106 of the client I/F, e.g.,
a program corresponding to the program selection button 101 in the
lower stage. The control section 50 then returns to the processing
in the step S7, and reads the resource reservation parameter
corresponding to the program from the data base 54, thereby to
prepare an ASP message for requesting resource reservation.
Subsequently, the processing from the step S8 to the step S48 is
executed with respect to the channel thus reset, so that the
programs corresponding to the program selection buttons 101 are
displayed sequentially on the video display section 106 and zapping
is thus carried out.
In addition, if it is determined in the step S43 that the zapping
mode has not been switched on, the control section 50 goes to the
processing in the step S13. The control section 50 thus goes to the
processing in the step S13, and then determines whether or not any
command has been inputted from the operating section 51. If it is
determined that no command has been inputted from the operating
section 51, the control section 50 returns to the step S11 and
continues processing for receiving service data, Meanwhile, if it
is determined in the step S13 that there has been any input from
the operating section 51, the control section 50 goes to the
processing in the step S16.
If it is determined in the step S13 that the command inputted
through the operating section 51 is a command for changing the
program displayed to the video display section 106 of the client
I/F, i.e., if the user operates the operating section 51 and
selects a program selection button 101 corresponding to another
program, the control section 50 releases the resource currently
reserved, as processing from the step S16.
That is, the control section 50 goes to the processing in the step
S16 and then generates an ASP message for requesting release of
resource reservation. Then, the control section 50 controls the
communication section 53 so as to transmit the ASP message to the
AMInet router 21. The ASP message for requesting release of the
resource reservation at this time contains information specifying a
server, information specifying a client terminal, and information
specifying a service to be ended. Note that the flow of the
processing of releasing resource reservation on the network may be
oriented in the backward direction and the forward direction.
After an ASP message (resource reservation release request message)
for requesting release of resource reservation is transmitted in
the step S16, the control section determines whether or not the
release of resource reservation is successful, in the step S17. If
it is determined in the step S17 that the release of resource
reservation has been failed, the control section 50 controls the
display section 52 as processing in the step S18, so as to display
the reason for the failure of the release of the resource
reservation or the like, and then returns to the processing in the
step S1 thereby to advise the user to make operation again for
selecting a program.
Meanwhile, if it is determined in the step S17 that the releaser of
resource reservation has been successful, the control section 50
returns to the step S2. If it is determined in the step S2 that an
end of the client I/F has not been commanded, the control section
50 goes to the step S7 through the step S3. In this step S7, the
resource reservation parameter of the program newly selected (in
the step S13) is read out. Subsequently, the control section 50
executes the processing from the step S8, so that a video of
another program is displayed on the video display section 106. In
the present embodiment, the control section 50 can thus switches
the program to be displayed on the video display section 106 of the
client I/F.
In addition, if it is determined in the step S44 that any command
has been inputted from the operating section 51, the control
section determines whether or not the 10 s setting button 104 or
the 20 s setting button 105 has been pressed, in the step S50. If
it is determined in the step S50 that the 10 s setting button 104
or the 20s setting button 105 has been pressed, a zapping time is
set in correspondence with the pressed setting button in the step
S51, and the control section 50 thereafter returns to the step S11.
Otherwise, if it is determined in the step S50 that the 10 s
setting button 104 or the 20 s setting button 105 has not been
pressed, the control section 50 switches off the zapping mode, in
the step S49, and thereafter goes to the processing in the step
S52. The control section 50 thus goes to the step S52 and then
determines whether or not the zapping button 103 has been pressed.
If the zapping button 103 has been pressed, the control section 50
goes to the step S11. Otherwise, if not pressed, the control
section 50 goes to the processing in the step S16. In case where
the control section 50 thus goes to the processing in the step S16,
the same processing as described above is carried out.
From the above, the user can easily select, watch, and listen to a
program without being conscious about reservation of a resource or
release thereof, in the same manner as the user selects a channel
of a television receiver set.
Next, FIG. 8 explains the processing procedure in the CPU 61 of a
video server (e.g., a video server 32-1) which provides service
data.
In a state in which the server program stored in the hard disk 64
has been started, the CPU 61 waits until the communication section
65 receives an ASP message from the client terminal 11 or 12, as
processing in the step S21. Upon receipt of the ASP message, the
CPU 61 goes to the step S22.
The CPU 61 thus goes to the processing in the step S22 and then
determines whether the received ASP message is a message for
requesting resource reservation or a message for requesting release
of resource reservation. If it is determined that the message is
for requesting resource reservation, the CPU 61 goes to the step
S24.
There are two ways for resource reservation in the network, e.g.,
resource reservation in the forward direction in which resource
reservation is made in the same direction as the transmission
direction of the ASP message and resource reservation in the
backward direction in which resource reservation is made in the
direction opposite to the transmission direction of the ASP
message. When the processing goes to the step S24, the CPU 61 of
the video server 32 receives a message expressing that resource
reservation has been successful or failed, from each AMInet
router.
If it is determined in the step S24 that resource reservation has
been successful, the CPU 61 controls the communication section 65
so as to transmit a message expressing that resource reservation
has been successful, as processing in the step S25, and so as to
transmit service data recorded in the hard disk 64 or data
outputted from a device connected to the I/O section 66, to the
client terminal 11 or 12 through the AMInet 20, in the step S26.
Thereafter, the CPU 61 returns to the step S21.
Meanwhile, if it is determined in the step S24 that resource
reservation has been failed, the CPU 61 controls the communication
section 65 so as to transmit a message expressing that resource
reservation has been failed, to the client terminal 11 or 12
through the AMInet 20, as processing in the step S27. Thereafter,
the CPU 61 returns to the step S21.
In addition, if it is determined in the determination processing in
the step S22 that the received ASP message is a message for
requesting release of resource reservation, the CPU 61 goes to the
step S29.
Release of resource reservation in the network takes place only as
release of resource reservation in the direction opposite to the
direction of the ASP message, as described above. The CPU 61 of the
video server 32 goes to the processing in the step S29 and then
receives a message expressing that release of resource reservation
has been successful or failed from each AMInet router. Depending on
the message, the CPU 61 determines whether or not release of
resource reservation has been successful.
If it is determined in the step S29 that release of resource
reservation has been successful, the CPU 61 controls the
communication section 65 so as to transmit a message expressing
that release of resource reservation has been successful, to the
client terminal 11 or 12 through the AMInet 20, as processing in
the step S30. Thereafter, the CPU 61 returns to the step S21.
Otherwise, if it is determined in the step S29 that release of
resource reservation has been failed, the CPU 61 controls the
communication section 65 so as to transmit a message expressing
that release of resource reservation has been failed, to the client
terminal 11 or 12 through the AMInet 20, as processing in the step
S31. Thereafter, the CPU 61 returns to the step S21.
Next explanation will be made of realization of real-time
communication based on integration of ATM and IP in the AMInet (ATM
Control through IP for Real-Time Communication in AMInet). This
explanation deals with the backbone as a prerequisite of the AMInet
and the resource reservation protocol ASP (AMInet Set-up Protocol)
used in a wide area network which connects with homes. This
technique is disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application No.
9-279826 (filed on Sep. 26, 1997, by the same applicants as in the
present application, not opened on the priority data), and U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 08/160,472 (filed on Sep. 24, 1998,
granted to the same applicants as in the present application).
The ASP considers flexibility and applicability of IP and ATM as a
channel-oriented data link, and integrates them thereby to realize
high-speed flexible resource reservation. The ASP does not utilizes
normal signaling of ATM but constructs ATM VC (Virtual Channel) by
using a message transmitted by IP.
The ASP (AMInet Set-up Protocol) is a resource reservation protocol
which operates in a wide area network and particularly in the
environment constituted by routers based on the AMInet
architecture. The AMInet is constituted by routers each having an
ATM switching function, which are backbone routers and edge routers
provided between the backbone routers. The resource to be reserved
is a cue or the like which is used during ATM VC processing or
packet processing. Particularly in the case of integration with
ATM, the ASP does not utilize a normal ATM signaling but a VC is
constructed in a router having an ATM switch or ATM function. Also,
in the ASP, since IP is used to transmit a set-up message for
resource reservation, high-speed resource reservation can be
realized. Accordingly, the ATM switch does not use a VC of AIM
called SVC (Switched Virtual Channel) at all, but a VC is
dynamically constructed by a message using IP. Note that this kind
of VC is called a PVC (Permanent VC)-on-demand. This PVC-on-demand
can dynamically establish or disconnect a VC in a form different
from a normal SVC by using ASP.
Even in case of using the ASP, data is transmitted by normal IP.
Therefore, an IP packet is mapped on a specific reserved resource.
Accordingly, the ASP can easily respond widely to applications
which have been conventionally used and also new applications which
will be released in the future. This mapping is achieved by
comparing sources with destination IP addresses, sources with
destination port numbers and protocol identification fields. Normal
IP traffic, i.e., best effort traffic (BE) is transferred through a
default BE VC. Resources reserved by using the ASP are not
influenced by the BE traffic. In addition, a flow gathered into one
VC in view of saving resources can coexist without being influenced
by the BE traffic.
Next, a flexible set-up mechanism will be explained. In the ASP,
resources can be reserved in various forms to use resources
efficiently or to make resource reservation which matches with a
request from an application. That is, in the Internet or ATM
environment, there are various kinds of applications including
application of broadcasting type and applications of conversation
type in which data is transmitted in both directions, such as
television meeting, remote diagnosis, video-on-demand (VoD), a
multicast application using Mbone, and the like. According to the
ASP, QoS parameters can be efficiently mapped scalably onto
resource reservation parameters in the lowermost layer, in any
cases.
For example, in the case of VoD, since data always flows from a
server toward a client terminal, a VC needs not be constructed in
two interactive directions. That is, in case of using ASP,
exchanges of messages inherent to ASP, exchanges of controls other
than data transmissions necessary for applications (e.g., a request
or so for changing a video to be watched from a client terminal
side), and exchanges necessary for upper layers (e.g., a transport
layer and the like) can be realized only by using a default BE VC
or another specialized VC. ASP messages are transmitted through a
default BE VC or a specified special VC.
Meanwhile, a TV meeting application of conversation type requires a
bi-directional VC, and the ASP responds to a bi-directional VC like
this conversation type application. Further, a conversation type
application supports an asymmetrical model in which different
pieces of QoS are respectively set for the upstream and downstream
traffics.
Also, in the ASP, a resource reservation request can be issued from
the receiver side and also from the transmitter side, like in the
case of RSVP or ST-2+ (Stream Transport Protocol-2+). That is,
depending on the application or the environment, the QoS
information required when reserving a resource is possessed by the
transmitter side in some cases and by the receiver side in the
other cases. In any cases, the ASP can set so as to perform all
reservations through one bus. Further, the ASP can have a response
message which notifies that reservation has been completed upon
necessity.
FIG. 9 shows an example in which a message for requesting resource
reservation is issued as an ASP message by the receiver side.
This shows a case where a broadcasting type application for a video
utilizes the ASP. That is, data is transmitted only in the
direction from a server (hereinafter called a sender) 1 as a
transmitter side to a client terminal (hereinafter called a
receiver) 7. Among the routers 2 to 6 in the figure, the routers 2
and 6 are edge routers, and the routers 3, 4, and 5 are backbone
routers.
In the receiver 7, at first, QoS parameters are interpreted thereby
to determine VPI/VCI used in this connection, and an ATM NIC
(Network Interface Card) is set if necessary. Also, the receiver 7
prepares an ASP message (resource reservation request message)
containing this information and transmits this ASP message toward
the edge router 6 adjacent to the backbone (backbone router 5).
This ASP message is transmitted by IP, and processed every time IP
is hopped. In the case of the example shown in FIG. 9, when a
message reaches the edge router 6, the edge router 6 sets VPI/VCI
parameters toward the receiver 7. The VPI/VCI is individually
managed in each node. Thus, the ASP message is transferred in the
upstream direction toward the sender 1. In each of the routers 2 to
6, a VC is set in the direction opposite to the direction in which
the ASP message is transmitted (resource reservation in the
backward direction). Although not shown in the figure, when an ASP
message is transmitted to the sender 1 and reservation is
substantially completed, a reply message is transmitted from the
sender 1 to the receiver 7. At this time point, a VC is constructed
from the sender 1 toward the receiver 7 at least in the backbone
router. That is, in the structure shown in FIG. 3, IP is cut
through during data transfer by using the VC, so that communication
can be made by only the ATM.
FIG. 9 shows only one form of flexible set-up in the ASP. For
example, in case where only the sender 1 has QoS information and a
resource reservation request is issued from the receiver 7 by a
multicast application, a message can be prepared such that setting
of a VC is carried out at the second path the reply message in the
above example is returned. Further, it is possible to construct a
bi-directional VC with only the first path.
Next, in the ASP, since an ATM VC is constructed by its original
set-up mechanism, it is unnecessary to prepare previously another
VC and QoS of a resource already reserved can be dynamically
changed. In addition, the application can upgrades the service
level. For example, in case where BE is simply shifted to
integrated services (IS), the data flow can be remapped onto a new
VC as shown in FIG. 9 from a default BE VC.
Next explanation will be made of integration with QoS routing. In
the ASP, supports for selecting a route have been considered when
setting up a VC. Specifically, when reserving a resource, a routing
table in the conventional IP level is not used but route
information is supplied from a module which manages an original
routing table for a flow requiring IS. In this manner, in the ASP,
a different route can be used for every flow in match with the QoS
request and the situation of usable resources.
In addition, conventional resource reservation protocols and
routing mechanisms have been considered respectively on the basis
of prerequisites independent from each other. However, the ASP
realizes integration with QoS routing. This is carried out by
feeding back resource reservation information held by the ASP to
the module of the QoS routing. Therefore, in the ASP, selection of
a substitutive route is easy when reservation is failed, and the
entire network can be efficiently utilized without concentrating
resource reservation onto one route.
Next, the ASP is equipped, for example, as demon process (aspd) of
UNIX, in the user space. A prototype is now operating at FreeBSD
2.2.1, and is integrated with libraries (swctl lib) for controlling
the ATM switch and a module (afmap) for setting ATM NIC (see FIG.
10). At present, three types of routers are supported and the home
router has interfaces for 100Base-T Ethernet and ATM. The edge
router is realized as a router having a plurality of ATM
interfaces. The backbone router is constructed by a PC including an
ATM switch and an IP engine for controlling the ATM switch. The
presently existing prototype uses ATM interface cards for PCI bus
and a Fore ASX-200WG ATM switch, manufactured by Adaptec and
Efficient Networks. ASP messages are equipped with use of raw
IP.
The backbone router uses switch control libraries described above
in order to set PVC-on-demand by the equipped switch. The IP flow
which requires IS is mapped to a VC of CBR (Constant Bit Rate). In
addition, at present, the ASP respond to multicast by creating a
one-to-many multicast VC. Further, the ASP supports join and
resource reservation by a leaf.
In consideration of scalability of ATM resources starting from
identifications such as VCI and the like, the IP flow is mapped
onto a VC in units of applications with only a low efficiency.
However, in this case, the flow can be dynamically gathered into a
VC by using the ASP.
The above description has been made of resource reservation
protocol ASP in the AMInet. The ASP has introduced its original
set-up mechanism and integrates the flexibility of IP and the QoS
guarantee by a VC. Accordingly, the AMInet realizes dynamic QoS
changes, integration with QoS routing, and flexible set-up, so that
high-speed set-up can be realized by equipping a prototype.
Next, explanation will be made of the details of the ASP (AMInet
Set-up Protocol) as a protocol for carrying out resource
reservation in the AMInet. In this case, the term of "set-up" means
that status/information is set for resource reservation in a
receiver and a sender or a router on the way of the route when
resource reservation is carried out.
By the ASP, a VC having a channel exchange function in a lower
layer or assignments of cues (e.g., class of CBQ (Class Based
Queueing) and the like) which the packet scheduler can provide are
expressed in abstract as resources, and correspondences are
assigned such that data flowing through an IP network is
transferred without influencing other data. As a specific example,
the ASP carries out abstract expression as resources which are
controlled by the VC of ATM and UPC (Usage Parameter Control), and
the resources are reserved. The VC is let correspond to the flow of
IP. Here, the term of "flow" expresses the information as follows.
The information are a protocol as a protocol identifier, a
destination IP address as an IP address of a receiver, a source IP
address as an IP address of a sender, a destination port address of
a receiver, and a source port address of a sender.
The set-up of the ASP, i.e., exchange of a protocol message of the
ASP is equipped on the IP. Therefore, in case of preparing a VC of
ATM or the like on demand, it is unnecessary to use the signaling
mechanism actually prepared by the ATM, and this limitation is
avoided so that flexible and efficient resource reservation can be
achieved.
In addition, the ASP has functions which are mainly the same as
those of RSVP and ST-2 and flexibly respond to the VC of the ATM,
thereby effecting the following functions. That is, reservation of
resources can be achieved both under the control by the receiver
side and under the control by the sender side, both in a hard state
and a soft state. Flexible set-up can be achieved in consideration
of the VC of the ATM, and assignments of bands (resources)
specialized for protocol control (reservation control) can be
achieved.
FIG. 11 shows an example of the format of a header of the ASP. Set
in the field of flags in FIG. 11 is information indicating that the
direction in which a resource is reserved is one single direction
or two interactive directions. Set in the prev_hop field is
information for making massages pass through one same route in case
where exchange of messages reciprocally carried out between a
receiver and a sender. VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) is set in the
next VPI field, and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) is set in the
VCI field.
In the next field, information of the above flow (flowinfo) is set.
This flow information includes, for example, length, address
family, reserved, protocol as a protocol identifier, destination IP
address as an IP address of a receiver, a source IP address as an
IP address of a sender, a destination port address of a receiver,
and a source port address of a sender.
Thereafter, the flow specification of the sender (s_flowspec) and
the flow specification of the receiver (r_flowspec) are set. The
flow specification of the sender (s_flowspec) indicates QoS
necessary for data which the sender sends, while the flow
specification of the receiver (r_flowspec) indicates QoS necessary
for data which the receiver sends. In the presently existing
prototype, only the peak cell rate for setting a CBR (Constant Bit
Rate) service of the ATM is included in each flowspec field.
Routers in the form equipped with the ASP are mainly classified
into a backbone router as shown in FIG. 12, an edge router as shown
in FIG. 13, and a home router. In addition, it is necessary for the
end host to exchange ASP messages.
The backbone router 14 is an intermediate node for constructing a
large scale network and the substance thereof is constructed by a
software engine (IP engine) 15, and a switch section (e.g., ATM SW)
(switching engine) 16 which provides a VC mechanism. That is, in
this case, the backbone routers are connected to each other thereby
constructing an IP network. However, cut-through is enabled by
setting a VC.
An edge router 81 is provided at an entrance/exit of a net formed
by a plurality of backbone routers. There is a possibility that
another network or another router is connected in the side opposite
to the backbone. The edge router 81 has a protocol stack of a
normal IP, and one or more ATM interfaces 82 to 84.
FIG. 14 shows an example of connection of the entire network. As
shown in this figure, servers (senders) 91 and 97 may be connected
directly to the backbone 92 consisting of a plurality of backbone
routers 14. However, normal end nodes 94 to 96 are connected to the
backbone 92 through the edge router 93. Also, another router can be
set at the top of the edge router 93. The end node (receiver) 94 is
connected to the edge router 93 through the ATM interface 94a. The
end node (receiver) 95 is connected to the edge router 93 through
the ATM interface 95a. The end node (receiver) 96 is connected to
the edge router 96 through the ATM interface 96a.
In this case, resources reserved by the routers and the method of
reservation thereof are important for the ASP. It is necessary for
the backbone router to set a VC in the switch.
Also, the backbone router 92 needs to map a specified flow to a
newly prepared VC (resource) at the entrance through which data
flows into the backbone. Mapping to the VC is carried out by an
edge router. In case where a server is directly connected to the
backbone, the ATM interface to the backbone of the node needs to
carry out mapping onto the VC.
A status table for managing a reservation situation of resources as
shown in FIG. 15 is maintained in the ASP module of each node.
This table manages information of the VC for input and information
of the VC for output and makes correspondences between the VC and
the flow information (flowinfo). In addition, since information
concerning network interfaces for input and output is required in
case of an edge router, a field for the information is provided. In
this case, the port section of corresponding VC information is not
used.
To make normal communication such as communication by IP, the VC of
the ATM needs to be prepared in two interactive directions.
However, the VC can be constructed flexibly by using the ASP.
Some applications require communication in one single direction and
other applications require communication interactively in two
directions. For example, in case of an application in the form of
VoD (Video on Demand), communication to a server may take place
when a receiver issues a request for an image, although a video
data flows only in one single direction from a server (sender) to a
client terminal (receiver). That is, in this case, for example,
resource reservation messages are exchanged through, a specialized
VC by making a request to the ASP. The other necessary exchanges
flow through a default data VC (e.g., a normal route of IP).
Accordingly, in this case, an application which requests a resource
to the ASP needs only to form a VC only in one single direction by
specifying the single direction communication, and therefore, the
identification and band width can be saved. Also, in case of
multicast in the broadcasting side, resource reservation can be
sufficiently realized by this reservation method.
However, in case of a conversation type application such as video
conference or the like, data flows bi-directionally. The necessity
that data must flow bi-directionally is common to normal
communication. However, in case of using the ASP, the application
can set different QoS for data of each direction. Setting of QoS
with respect to the flows of data in two interactive directions is
performed on the basis of the values (s_flowspec and r_flowspec) in
two flow spec fields (flowspecs). In case where a null (NULL) value
is contained in any flow spec field, reservation of the VC in its
direction is not carried out.
FIG. 16 shows the procedure in which a VC in one single direction
is constructed in case where the receiver 47 knows QoS. Note that
the routers 42 and 46 are edge routers, and the routers 43, 44, and
45 are backbone routers. That is, the receiver 47 sets, for
example, a value of 0 which indicates that the direction in which a
VC is constructed is one single direction, in the flag (flags)
field of the ASP header, and sets information expressing the band
width of the VC (e.g., 5M bps (Mega-bit/second)) in the flowspec
(s_flowspec) of the sender of the ASP sender. The receiver 47 then
transmits them to the sender 41. As a message of the ASP flows from
the receiver 47 to the sender 41, each router constructs a VC in
the direction opposite to the direction in which the ASP message
flows.
At first, the edge router 46 constructs a VC in the direction
opposite to the direction in which the ASP message flows. Likewise,
the VC is constructed by the backbone routers 45, 44, and 43 and
the edge router 42 each in the direction in which the ASP message
flows.
At this time, in each switching engine SW which constructs the
backbone routers 43 to 45, a predetermined input port and a
predetermined output port are connected to each other and the VC is
constructed.
FIG. 17 shows the procedure through which the VC is constructed in
case where only the sender knows QoS.
At first, the receiver 47 transmits, to the sender 41, an ASP
message in which a null (NULL) value is set in the flowspec
(s_flowspec) field of the sender in the ASP header, and requests
construction of a VC. Upon receipt of this ASP message, the sender
41 interprets this message and sends, by return, an ASP message in
which a value corresponding to a predetermined band width is set in
the flowspec (s_flowspec) field of the sender in the ASP header.
Each router constructs a VC in the same direction as the direction
in which this ASP message flows. That is, the VC is constructed in
the same direction as the direction in which the ASP message flows
each by the edge router 42, the backbone routers 43, 44, and 45,
and the edge router 46.
FIG. 18 shows a procedure in which a VC is extended in case where
the sender 41 starts reservation. In this case, an ASP message
flows in one single direction, and routers construct a VC. That is,
the sender 41 transmits an ASP message in which a value
corresponding to a predetermined band width is set in the flowspec
(s_flowspec) field of the sender in the ASP header.
Based on this ASP message, the edge router 42 constructs a VC in
the same direction as the direction in which the ASP message flows,
at first. Next, the VC is constructed in the order of the backbone
routers 43, 44, and 45 and the edge router 46.
In many cases, the sender cannot send data before the sender
confines that reservation has been completed. Thereafter, an ASP
message for confirmation is sent from the receiver 47 to the sender
41, although not shown in the figure.
FIG. 19 shows a procedure in which bi-directional communication is
carried out in case where each of the sender and the receiver knows
the QoS which is required when transmitting data. In this case,
when an ASP message (resource reservation request message) flows in
each direction, a VC is extended in each direction.
That is, the sender 41 transmits, to the receiver 47, an ASP
message in which a value corresponding to the band width of the VC
in the downstream direction (e.g., the direction from the sender 41
to the receiver 47) is set in the flowspec (s_flowspec) field of
the sender in the ASP header. In this manner, a VC in the
downstream direction which is the same as the direction in which
the ASP message flows is constructed by the edge router 42, the
backbone routers 43, 44, and 45, and the edge router 46, in this
order.
Meanwhile, the receiver 47 transmits, to the sender 41, an ASP
message in which a value corresponding to the band width of the VC
in the upstream direction (e.g., the direction from the receiver 47
to the sender 41) is set in the flowspec (r_flowspec) field of the
receiver in the ASP header. In this manner, a VC in the upstream
direction which is the same as the direction in which the ASP
message flows is constructed by the edge router 46, the backbone
routers 45, 44, and 43, and the edge router 42, in this order.
Also, as shown in FIG. 20, in case where each of the sender and
receiver knows QoS which is required when receiving data, an ASP
message (resource reservation request message) flows in each
direction, and then, a VC is extended in the direction opposite to
the direction in which each message flows, on the contrary to the
case shown in FIG. 19.
That is, the sender 41 transmits, to the receiver 47, an ASP
message in which a value corresponding to the band width of the VC
in the upstream direction (e.g., the direction from the receiver 47
to the sender 41) is set in the flowspec (r_flowspec) field of the
receiver in the ASP header. In this manner, a VC in the upstream
direction which is opposite to the direction in which the ASP
message flows is constructed by the edge router 42, the backbone
routers 43, 44, and 45, and the edge router 46, in this order.
Meanwhile, the receiver 47 transmits, to the sender 41, an ASP
message in which a value corresponding to the band width of the VC
in the downstream direction (e.g., the direction from the sender 41
to the receiver 47) is set in the flowspec (s_flowspec) field of
the sender in the ASP header. In this manner, a VC in the
downstream direction which is opposite to the direction in which
the ASP message flows is constructed by the edge router 46, the
backbone routers 45, 44, and 43, and the edge router 42, in this
order.
FIG. 21 shows the procedure in which a VC is constructed in case
where the receiver knows QoS required for bi-directional
communication. In this case, the bi-directional VC is prepared by
one resource reservation request message.
That is, the receiver 47 sets, for example, a value of 1 which
indicates that a VC is to be constructed bi-directionally, in the
flag (flags) field in the ASP header. Further, the receiver 47 sets
a value corresponding to the band width of the VC in the downstream
direction, in the flowspec (s_flowspec) field of the sender in the
ASP header, and also sets a value corresponding to the band width
of the VC in the upstream direction, in the flowspec (r_flowspec)
field of the receiver. Then, the receiver 47 sends the ASP message
containing the ASP header to the sender 41. In this manner, at
first, in the edge router 46, a VC in the upstream direction with a
band width set in the flowspec (r_flowspec) of the receiver and a
VC in the downstream direction with a band width set in the
flowspec (s_flowspec) field of the sender are constructed. Next, in
the backbone routers 45, 44, and 43, and the edge router 42, a VC
in the upstream direction with a band width set in the flowspec
(r_flowspec) field and a VC in the downstream direction with a band
width set in the flowspec (s_flowspec) field of the sender are
respectively constructed.
Thus, the ASP can construct a VC in various methods, and a
selection among these methods can be made from an upper layer. It
is therefore possible to realize set-up suitable for
applications.
The above explanation has been made with respect the ASP which
integrates ATM and IP and sets up a VC on demand without using ATM
signaling.
In addition to the above, explanation will now be made of a
mechanism for dynamically changing the relationship between the VC
(resource) and the flow with use of the function of the ASP. At
present, data with respect to a VC sinks from an edge router to a
receiver, i.e., the data cuts through. Therefore, data with respct
to a VC passes through the switches of a plurality of backbone
routers, and directly passes through a VC of ATM to the edge router
in the receiver side.
Taken into consideration that the data sinks at the edge router, if
an ASP message is issued so as to effect feed-back thereon, it is
possible to shift an existing communication using another VC can be
shifted to a VC which has already been prepared. That is, during
communication, the VC can be changed and the intermediate route or
the like can be dynamically changed, at the entrance to the
backbone.
In the following, explanation will be made of advantages obtained
by assembling this mechanism into the ASP. This mechanism is not
limited to the ASP but can be effectively used when linked with
RSVP or the like.
For example, in case of ATM signaling, it is difficult to change
the route after set-up of the VC is once completed. This is because
the VC must be extended in the manner of end-to-end. Meanwhile, the
RSVP has advantages in that it is robust and is applicable to the
environment. At last, according to the presently existing IP
routing, the route is changed, and therefore, the RSVP is not
suitable for real-time communication. In order to solve this
problem, the RSVP introduces route pinning so that setting can be
made so as not to permit a change based on routing, with respect to
a clearly reserved route.
By adopting this method, the route can be easily changed even if
communication continues. Although a route is not changed in normal
cases, a change of a route can be easily permitted by introducing
QoS routing.
Also, according to this method, the flow received just during
communication can be collected into a predetermined VC, so that
resources such as VCI and the like can be saved.
Further, according to this method, reservations for a certain
organization, application, or the like can be collected.
Also, according to this method, a plurality of communication routes
can be prepared for a predetermined destination, and route/resource
of another session can be collected in case where communication
such as a new session or the like requires a certain amount of
resource capacity.
In addition, according to this method, the resource reservation
status of a session during communication can be dynamically
changed.
Although attention is here particularly paid to an edge router,
this mechanism can be realized in a backbone router. As an
equipment, after preparation is made for remapping the flow to
which attention is paid, this switching is carried out at a high
speed by the edge router. Although equivalent operation can be made
with use of a backbone router, it is difficult to collect
information required therefor, and besides, it is undesirable to
complicate the function of the backbone router itself by providing
this kind of mechanism.
In case of an edge router, the number of terminals or home routers
collected in the end side can be grasped to some extent, and
therefore, suitable routing corresponding to the number can be
performed, so that collection of information is more limited and
simplified than a backbone router.
In this method, it should be noted that the flowing data is
influenced by operation of the edge. At first, there is a
possibility that loss may be caused in the data to be transmitted
by switching the VC in the sender side.
Also, at the edge in the receiver side, data is transmitted
temporarily from two VCs, so that the receiver side might receive
reiteratively the data.
In this respect, to guarantee the correctness of data, it is
desirable to use a transport protocol having high reliability.
Although explanation has been made with respect to the case of
reserving a VC in the embodiment described above, the present
invention can be applied to the case of reserving another resource
such as UPC (Usage Parameter Control) or the like.
In this example, a server or a client terminal are specified by
combining the IP address with the socket port number. However,
another different method can be used.
As a medium for providing a computer program for executing
processing as described above, it is possible to use a
communication medium such as a network, a satellite, or the like,
in addition to a recording medium such as a magnetic disk, a
CD-ROM, a solid memory, or the like.
According to the information receiving apparatus and method, the
information providing apparatus, and the information communication
system of the present invention, processing necessary for resource
reservation and releaser of the resource reservation is carried out
when a service is selected. Therefore, a user can carry out
reservation of a resource or release thereof without
consciousness.
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