U.S. patent number RE43,950 [Application Number 12/546,326] was granted by the patent office on 2013-01-29 for radio communication system including sdl having transmission rate of relatively high speed.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba. The grantee listed for this patent is Manabu Mukai, Nobuyasu Nakajima, Minoru Namekata, Koji Ogura, Mutsumu Serizawa, Takashi Wakutsu. Invention is credited to Manabu Mukai, Nobuyasu Nakajima, Minoru Namekata, Koji Ogura, Mutsumu Serizawa, Takashi Wakutsu.
United States Patent |
RE43,950 |
Serizawa , et al. |
January 29, 2013 |
Radio communication system including SDL having transmission rate
of relatively high speed
Abstract
A large amount of user information is transmitted with good
efficiency by means of a high-speed downlink by making transmission
rates of an uplink circuit and a downlink asymmetrical. The radio
communication system includes a plurality of base stations, a
plurality of terminals, an uplink established between each of the
base stations and each of the terminals for the purpose of radio
transmission of prescribed information from a terminal to a base
station, and a downlink circuit established between each of the
terminals and each of the base station for the purpose of radio
transmission of prescribed data from a base station to a terminal.
This radio communication system has a low-speed transmitting means,
provided at the terminal, which transmits a radio signal at a
relatively low transmission rate to an above-noted base station via
the above-noted uplink, a low-speed receiving means, provided at
the base station, which receives a radio signal sent at a
relatively low transmission rate from the terminal via the uplink,
a high-speed transmitting means, provided at the base station,
which transmits a radio signal at a relatively high transmission
rate to an above-noted terminal via the above-noted downlink, and a
high-speed receiving means, provided at the terminal, which
receives a radio sent at a relatively high transmission rate from
the base station via the downlink.
Inventors: |
Serizawa; Mutsumu (Tokyo-to,
JP), Nakajima; Nobuyasu (Kawasaki, JP),
Ogura; Koji (Tokyo, JP), Namekata; Minoru
(Kawasaki, JP), Wakutsu; Takashi (Kawasaki,
JP), Mukai; Manabu (Yokohama, JP) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Serizawa; Mutsumu
Nakajima; Nobuyasu
Ogura; Koji
Namekata; Minoru
Wakutsu; Takashi
Mukai; Manabu |
Tokyo-to
Kawasaki
Tokyo
Kawasaki
Kawasaki
Yokohama |
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A |
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
(Kawasaki-shi, JP)
|
Family
ID: |
15202957 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/546,326 |
Filed: |
August 24, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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11272736 |
Nov 15, 2005 |
Re. 41132 |
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10119679 |
Apr 11, 2002 |
Re. 39119 |
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08492728 |
Jun 20, 1995 |
5754961 |
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Reissue of: |
09055973 |
Apr 7, 1998 |
6049721 |
Apr 11, 2000 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jun 20, 1994 [JP] |
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6-137621 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
455/509;
379/93.01; 370/282; 370/337; 455/17; 455/101; 455/8; 370/331;
370/252; 370/343; 455/15; 455/447 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B
7/2659 (20130101); H04B 7/26 (20130101); H04W
88/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04B
7/26 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;455/552.1,8,15,17,101,409,447,450,509,517
;370/329,216,343,345,337,331,282 ;380/270 ;379/93.01
;375/147,216,260 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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4-249442 |
|
Sep 1992 |
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JP |
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8-274776 |
|
Oct 1996 |
|
JP |
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8-274781 |
|
Oct 1996 |
|
JP |
|
8-275273 |
|
Oct 1996 |
|
JP |
|
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Primary Examiner: Cumming; William D
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner LLP
Parent Case Text
.[.This application is a continuation, of application Ser. No.
08/492,728, filed Jun. 20, 1995 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,754,961..].
.Iadd.This reissue is a continuation of reissue application Ser.
No. 11/272,736, filed Nov. 15, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. Re. 41,132,
which in turn is a continuation of reissue application Ser. No.
10/119,679, filed Apr. 11, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. Re. 39,119,
which in turn is a reissue application of application Ser. No.
09/055,973, filed Apr. 7, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,049,721, which
in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/492,728, filed
Jun. 20, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,754,961. On Aug. 25, 2009, two
other continuations of application Ser. No. 11/272,736 were filed,
corresponding to application Ser. Nos. 12/547,059 and 12/546,962.
On Sep. 17, 2010, five continuations of application Ser. No.
12/546,962 were filed, corresponding to application Ser. Nos.
12/884,298, 12/884,315, 12/884,325, 12/884,330, and
12/884,355..Iaddend.
Claims
What is claimed is:
.[.1. A radio communication system including at least one base
station, and a plurality of terminals, said radio communication
system comprising: an uplink which performs radio transmission of
data at a first transmission rate; a low-speed down link which
performs radio transmission of the data at a first transmission
rate; a high-speed downlink which performs radio transmission of
the data at a second transmission rate which is higher than the
first transmission rate; a first low-speed transmitter, provided at
said terminal, which transmits a first radio signal at the first
transmission rate to said base station via said uplink; a first
low-speed receiver, provided at the base station, which receives
the first radio signal, which sent at the first transmission rate,
from said terminal via said uplink; a high-speed transmitter,
provided at said base station, which transmits a second radio
signal at the second transmission rate to said terminal via said
high-speed downlink; a high-speed receiver, provided at said
terminal, which receives the second radio signal at the second
transmission rate from said base station via said high-speed
downlink; a second low-speed transmitter, provided at said base
station, which transmits a third radio signal at the first
transmission rate to said terminal via said low-speed downlink; and
a second low-speed receiver, provided at said terminal, which
receives the third radio signal at the first transmission rate from
said base station via said low-speed downlink; wherein said uplink
and said low-speed downlink establish radio transmission at a first
freguency, and said high-speed down link establishes radio
transmission at a second frequency which is higher than said first
frequency..].
.Iadd.2. A radio terminal for a radio communication with a single
base station, comprising: a transmitter (RTT) configured to perform
a first radio communication (uplink) with a receiver (BSR) of said
single base station, at a transmission rate using a radio wave of a
first frequency band; and a receiver (RTR) configured to perform a
second radio communication (downlink) with a transmitter (BST) of
said single base station, at a reception rate higher than said
transmission rate using a radio wave of a second frequency band
which is higher than said first frequency band, wherein a) in the
second radio communication (downlink), data are transmitted from
the BST to the RTR, and b) the first radio communication (uplink)
from the RTT to the BSR is used for a transmission of information
to control a re-transmission of said data via the second radio
communication (downlink)..Iaddend.
.Iadd.3. The radio terminal according to claim 2, wherein said
first radio communication (uplink) and said second radio
communication (downlink) use different modulation methods,
respectively..Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a radio communication system, and
more specifically to a radio communication system for the purpose
of performing super highspeed downlink (abbreviated SDL, this
abbreviation used hereinafter), which has a relatively high
transmission rate on the downlink, which is the radio transmission
path from the base station to the terminal, in comparison with the
transmission rate on the uplink, which is the radio transmission
path from the terminal to the base station.
In recent years, with advances in communications and information
processing technologies, a variety of types of radio communication
systems such as a personal-use portable telephone (Personal
Handyphone System (PHS)) and systems which make use of the
above-noted SDL have been proposed.
Radio communication systems such as PHS or local area networks
(LANs) which use radio are experiencing increasing demand, by
virtue of advancements in various information media, and along with
this increased demand comes an increasing necessity to perform
radio communication over a variety of networks. In view of this
type of necessity, a broadening of the transmission frequency
bandwidth is desired in radio communication systems as it is in
cable communication systems. In radio communication systems of the
past, the uplink for sending a radio signal from the terminal to
the base station and the downlink for sending a radio signal from
the base station to the terminal had transmission speeds which were
matched for bi-directional radio communication. However, the actual
situation is that the amount of transmission on the downlink, over
which user information requested by the user is sent to the
terminal is considerably larger than the amount of transmission on
the uplink over which only control information or the like is
sent.
This is a problem not only with mobile communication, but also with
radio LANs and a variety of other radio services. However, because
the frequency spectrum resources for radio are limited, it is
difficult to widen the frequency bands for currently implemented
services, making it desirable that higher, unused frequencies (such
as sub-millimeter and millimeter bands) be developed.
FIG. 1 shows an example of the frequency placement in the past.
This is the example of the Japanese digital system mobile telephone
system RCR STD-27B (Research Center of Radio System STanDard 27B).
In this system, the downlink and the uplink have the same
transmission rate, there being systems that operate in the 800-MHz
band and the 1.5-GHz band. In either of these frequency bands, the
uplink and the downlink are in the same frequency band. In the
800-MHz band, the downlink is located in the range 810 MHz to 826
MHz, and the uplink is located in the range 940 MHz to 956 MHz. In
previous systems, because an uplink and a downlink operating at the
same transmission rate were assumed, transmission is performed in
the same frequency band. However, problems arise with application
to the SDL system.
In the SDL system, because a wideband downlink is assumed, in a low
frequency band such as the 800-MHz band, it becomes difficult to
assign this wide band and to achieve effective frequency usage. For
example, in the case of trying to perform transmission at 100 MHz
or so, it is obvious that it is impossible for the bandwidth to be
found to allow one user 100 MHz bandwidth in the 800-MHz band. For
this reason, it is necessary to perform transmission in the
sub-millimeter band of several gigahertz, or in the millimeter band
of several tens of gigahertz.
The US mobile telephone system can be cited as an example of a
radio communication system of the past which had differing
transmission rates. In this system, at the point at which a switch
was being made from analog to digital, the mobile telephone handset
was made to include both an analog and a digital mobile telephone,
thereby enabling calling and receiving of calls in both areas. In
this system, two completely different communication systems--analog
and digital--are used, the handsets having few circuits in common,
so that there were one each of the analog mobile telephone and the
digital mobile telephone. For this reason, a problem existed in
that the circuit was of a large scale.
Next, the previous method of synchronizing the signal source used
as a reference will be described, using FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows the
configuration of a phase-locked loop (PLL) for the purpose of
obtaining a frequency that is n/m times that of the oscillation
frequency of a reference oscillator. A signal having the
oscillation frequency x is frequency divided to 1/m by a frequency
divider 201, and input to a phase comparator. A signal from a
voltagecontrolled oscillator (the oscillator frequency of which, y,
is controlled by a voltage) is frequency divided to 1/n by a
frequency divider 202, and input to the phase comparator. At the
phase comparator, a voltage value is output which is responsive to
the phase difference of these two signals. The phase comparator
output is input to a loop filter which establishes the frequency
tracking characteristics of the PLL. The loop filter output is
input to the voltage-controlled oscillator. The PLL is controlled
so that the phase difference between the two signals at the input
of the phase comparator is zero. Therefore, the following equation
(1) obtains. x/m=y/n (1)
Therefore, the output y of the voltage-controlled oscillator is as
follows. y=xn/m (2)
From the above, by means of the frequency divider 201 and the
frequency divider 202, the frequency becomes n/m times and is
synchronized to the reference oscillator.
By using a PLL in this manner, it is possible to obtain a signal of
n/m times the frequency of and synchronized to the reference signal
source. However, the method of using a PLL requires a VCO
(voltage-controlled oscillator), thereby requiring a separate
oscillator.
While control data and user data has been transmitted on the same
radio frequency, the amount of user data was much greater than the
amount of control data. In addition, user data and control data are
transmitted and received separately.
It was inefficient and uneconomical to send a small amount of data
over a wide transmission path. And large amounts of data require a
wide transmission path.
Unless a high transmission frequency is used, it is not possible to
establish a wide transmission path, and if a small amount of data
is sent over a wide transmission path, it is difficult to form a
transmission path, because of jitter and the like, which is caused
by frequency.
As described above, to handle the transmission of diverse and large
amounts of information such as in the PHS and LANs, if the
transmission speeds of the uplink from the terminal to the base
station and the downlink from the base station to the terminal are
the same, it was not possible to make effective use of the radio
circuit.
In a millimeter band such as the 60-GHz band, because of the high
frequency, the electromagnetic propagation loss becomes extremely
high. For this reason, when performing communication over somewhat
of a distance, the transmitting power must be made large. The
portable terminal of the type used in the SDL system is used in the
proximity of the human body, making it unsafe from a health
standpoint to transmit with high power from the terminal. A
portable terminal usually is powered by a battery, and transmission
with a high power leads to the problem of a shortening of the
period of use before recharging or replacement of the battery.
In addition, millimeter-band devices are extremely expensive, and
the requirement to use millimeter-band transmitting devices in a
terminal makes it difficult to meet requirements for reduction in
price. From the standpoint of volume as well, the use of
millimeter-band transmitting devices makes it difficult to reduce
size.
The ideal method of modulation will differ, depending upon what
items of the transmitting bandwidth (transmission rate), the
frequency band, the size of the transmitting/receiving circuit, the
devices selected, and frequency utilization efficiency is to be
given priority. For example, in narrow band communication such as
in a mobile telephone, if frequency utilization efficiency is to be
given priority, .pi./4DQPSK or QAM is used. However, in the case of
wideband radio communication, these types of linear modulation
require radio components that operate linearly over a wide
bandwidth, making reduction of size and reduction of power
consumption difficult.
In the SDL system, in which the uplink and downlink clearly have
different transmission rates, if the same modulation method or
methods which are similar in characteristics are used, there is no
choice but to either adjust to one of the modulation methods or to
use a compromise method for both the uplink and the downlink, even
if performance drops.
In addition, in radio communication systems of the past, the
transmission of a variety of quality information was made possible
by providing radio communication systems having different
transmission methods. That is, by housing two transceivers for
different transmission methods in the same case, it is possible to
implement diversified transmission quality. For this reason, there
was the problem of the increase in size of the constitution of the
transceiver.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has an object to provide a radio
communication system which, by making the downlink transmission
rate relatively fast in comparison with the uplink, enables the
high-speed transmission of information to the terminal via the
downlink, and which further has high frequency utilization
efficiency.
Another object of the present invention is to provide radio
communication system capable of an increase in the frequency
bandwidth used to a bandwidth equivalent to that used in cable
communication systems.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a radio
communication system having a signal transmission rate reference
oscillator with a simplified configuration, and which enables a
simplification of a portable telephone apparatus for use in
multimedia service.
To achieve the above-noted objects, a radio communication system
according to the present invention has the following essential
constitutional features.
A radio communication system according to the present invention is
a radio communication system which includes a plurality of base
stations, a plurality of terminals, an uplink circuit established
between each of the base stations and each of the terminals for the
purpose of radio transmission of prescribed information from a
terminal to a base station, and a downlink circuit established
between each of the terminals and each of the base station for the
purpose of radio transmission of prescribed data from a base
station to a terminal, this radio communication system comprising a
low-speed transmitting means, provided at an above-noted terminal,
which transmits a radio signal at a relatively low transmission
rate to an above-noted base station via the above-noted uplink
circuit, a low-speed receiving means, provided at an above-noted
base station, which receives a radio signal sent at a relatively
low transmission rate from an above-noted terminal via the
above-noted uplink circuit, a high-speed transmitting means,
provided at an above-noted base station, which transmits a radio
signal at a relatively high transmission rate to an above-noted
terminal via the above-noted downlink circuit, and a high-speed
receiving means, provided at an above-noted terminal, which
receives a radio sent at a relatively high transmission rate from
an above-noted base station via the above-noted downlink
circuit.
A radio communication system according to the present invention has
at least one each of the above-noted uplink circuit and downlink
circuit, each of these circuits having at least two types of radio
signal transmission rates, there being at least one pair of such
the circuits in which the transmission rate of one circuit is an
integral multiple of the transition rate of the other.
A radio communication system according to the present invention is
a radio communication system which includes a plurality of base
stations, a plurality of terminals, an uplink circuit established
between each of the base stations and each of the terminals for the
purpose of radio transmission of prescribed information from a
terminal to a base station, and a downlink circuit established
between each of the terminals and each of the base station for the
purpose of radio transmission of prescribed data from a base
station to a terminal, this radio communication system comprising a
low-speed transmitting means, provided at an above-noted terminal,
which transmits a radio signal having a radio frequency in a
relatively low frequency band at a relatively low transmission rate
to an above-noted base station via the above-noted uplink, a
low-speed receiving means, provided at an above-noted base station,
which receives a radio signal of a relatively low frequency sent at
a low transmission rate from an above-noted terminal via the
above-noted uplink circuit, a high-speed transmitting means,
provided at an above-noted base station, which transmits a radio
signal having a radio frequency in a relatively high frequency band
at a relatively high transmission rate to an above-noted terminal
via the above-noted downlink circuit, and a high-speed receiving
means, provided at an above-noted terminal, which receives a radio
signal of a relatively high frequency sent at a high transmission
rate from an above-noted base station via the above-noted downlink
circuit.
In addition, in a radio communication system according to the
present invention the above-noted high-speed transmitting means
transmits a large amount of user information from an above-noted
base station to an above-noted terminal via the above-noted
downlink circuit by means of a high-frequency-band radio signal,
and the above-noted low-speed transmitting means transmits a small
amount of control information from an above-noted terminal to an
above-noted base station via the above-noted uplink circuit by
means of a low-frequency-band radio signal.
In addition, the present invention has an optimum connection
station interpreting means which receives a signal for the purpose
of identifying the above-noted wideband radio base station,
notification of which is made from the above-noted wideband radio
base station via a radio circuit, and which interprets from this
signal the wideband radio base station that is suitable for
connection, an optimum base station notification means which gives
notification to the above-noted server of an above-noted specific
wideband radio base station that is suitable for connection to an
above-noted mobile radio station, via the above-noted narrowband
radio base station, and a service starting means which starts the
above-noted prescribed service via the above-noted specific
wideband radio base station which is judged to be suitable for
connection with respect to the above-noted mobile radio
station.
In the case in which handover must be performed, in addition to the
above-noted means, a radio communication system according to the
present invention has a means which, when the above-noted mobile
radio station receives the above-noted service via an above-noted
specific wideband radio base station, receives a signal for the
purpose of identifying the above-noted wideband radio base station,
notification of which is given via a radio circuit from a wideband
radio base station which is different from the above-noted specific
wideband radio station, and which interprets from this received
signal to which wideband radio base station should switching be
made, a means by which the above-noted mobile radio station
notifies the above-noted server via the above-noted narrowband
radio base station of a wideband radio base station which is
suitable as a switching destination, and a means by which the
above-noted server switches a connection with respect to the
above-noted mobile radio station, that connection is made via the
above-noted specified wideband radio base station, which is judged
to be suitable as a switching destination for connection, thereby
providing the above-noted prescribed service.
By virtue of adopting the above-noted constitution, the present
invention is proposed based on the above-described goal, in which
it was stated that it makes sense for the transmission capacity of
the uplink circuit of a terminal to be smaller than the
transmission capacity of the downlink circuit of the base station.
Specifically, because the transmission rate at which the terminal
transmits information to the user is much higher than the
transmission rate at which information is transmitted from the
terminal to the base station, in view of this significant
difference in transmission capacities, these respective
transmitting/receiving means are constituted so as to provide
appropriate transmission capacities for the uplink circuit and the
downlink circuit. It is sensible to have the transmission capacity
of a personal-use portable telephone be smaller than the receiving
capacity. In addition, the user of a personal-use portable
telephone receives the output thereof, and sends the response
thereto to the personal-use portable telephone. Therefore, it is
sufficient for a personal-use portable telephone to be capable of
transmitting information to a base station at a transmission rate
which is lower than the transmission rate when information is being
transmitted to the user of the personal-use portable telephone.
That is, a personal-use portable telephone receives information
from a base station at a higher transmission rate that is higher
than when information is transmitted to the user of the
personal-use portable telephone, making it reasonable that the
personal-use portable telephone transmit information at a rate that
is lower than the receiving rate.
This is highly desirable as well because of the limited battery
capacity in a personal-use portable telephone. That is, the
transmitting power of a personal-use portable telephone is limited
by the battery capacity, and the transmission bandwidth is severely
limited by this transmitting power. Specifically, it is desirable
that a personal-use portable telephone not perform wideband
transmission, because of this limited battery capacity.
As described above in detail, in a radio communication system
according to the present invention, because the uplink circuit
radio signal transmission rate is made relatively low, and the
downlink circuit radio signal transmission rate is made relatively
high, it is possible to send a large amount of user information
from the base station to the terminal at high speed, thereby
sufficiently meeting user requirements, while making effective use
of the frequency spectrum.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a PLL in the
past.
FIG. 2 is a drawing which shows the frequency placement in a radio
communication system in the past.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram which shows the basic principle of the
present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a drawing which illustrates a radio communication system
according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a drawing which shows an example of the usual form of
communication.
FIG. 9 is a drawing which shows an example of a different form of
communication.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram which shows an example of the basic
configuration of a radio communication system according to the
present invention.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram which shows the configuration of the
eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a drawing which shows the utilization condition of
memory space in the embodiment of FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram which shows an example of an SDL system
to which the present invention is not applied.
FIG. 14 is a drawing which shows the frequency placement of a radio
communication system.
FIG. 15 is a conceptual drawing which shows a radio communication
system according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 16 is a drawing which shows the frequency placement in the
thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a conceptual drawing which shows a radio communication
system according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 18 is a drawing which shows the frequency placement in the
fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a conceptual drawing which shows a radio communication
system according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 20 is a drawing which shows the frequency placement in the
fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a conceptual drawing which shows a radio communication
system according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 22 is a drawing which shows the frequency placement in the
sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a block diagram which shows a radio apparatus according
to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a block diagram which shows a radio apparatus according
to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a block diagram which shows a base station radio
apparatus according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 26 is a block diagram which shows a base station radio
apparatus according to the twentieth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 27 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the twenty-first embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 28 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the twenty-second embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 29 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the twenty-third embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 30 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 31 is a block diagram which shows a radio communication system
according to the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 32 is a drawing which shows the service area of a radio
communication system related to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 33 is a drawing which shows the action of a portable
electronic apparatus which is used in a radio communication system
related to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 34 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a frequency
divider related to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 35 is drawing which shows the configuration of a portable
electronic apparatus used in a radio communication system related
to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 36 is a drawing which shows the service area of a radio
communication system related to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 37 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a receiver
for the purpose of forming a timing generation circuit.
FIG. 38 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a receiver
for the purpose of forming a timing clock generating circuit
related to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 39 is a drawing which shows the input and output signals of
the carrier generating circuit and timing circuit related to the
twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 40 is a drawing which shows the input and output signals of
the reference signal generating circuit related to the
twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 41 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a frame
timing clock generating circuit.
FIG. 42 is a block diagram which shows the configuration of the
frame timing clock generating circuit related to the twenty-eighth
embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 43 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a clock
generating circuit.
FIG. 44 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a clock
synchronization system.
FIG. 45 is a drawing which shows the system configuration related
to the thirtieth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 46 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a clock
synchronization system related to the thirtieth embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 47 is a block diagram which shows the overall concept of a
radio communication system related to the thirty-first through
thirty-ninth embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 48 is a drawing which shows the overall configuration of a
radio communication system related to the thirty-first through
thirty-ninth embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 49 is drawing which shows the overall configuration of a
different radio communication system related to the thirty-first
through thirty-ninth embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 50A-50E are drawings which show the movement of a mobile
radio stations in radio communication system related to the
thirty-first through the thirty-sixth embodiments of the present
invention.
FIG. 51 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps in a radio
communication system related to the thirty-first embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 52 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps of starting
service in a radio communication system related to the thirty-first
embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 53 is a sequence diagram which shows communications starting
protocol in a radio communication system related to the
thirty-first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 54 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps in a radio
communication system related to the thirty-second embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 55 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps of starting
service in a radio communication system related to the
thirty-second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 56 is a sequence diagram which shows communication starting
protocol in a radio communication system related to the
thirty-second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 57 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps in a radio
communication system related to the thirty-third embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 58 is a sequence diagram which shows communication starting
protocol in a radio communication system related to the
thirty-third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 59 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps of starting
service in a radio communication system related to the thirty-third
embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 60 is a sequence diagram which shows communication starting
protocol in a radio communication system related to the
thirty-fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 61 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps in a radio
communication system related to the thirty-fifth embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 62 is a sequence diagram which shows communication starting
protocol in a radio communication system related to the
thirty-fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 63 is a flowchart which shows the processing steps in a radio
communication system related to the thirty-sixth embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 64 is a sequence diagram which shows communication starting
protocol in a radio communication system related to the
thirty-sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 65A and FIG. 65B are plan views of the mobile radio stations
used in radio communication systems related to the thirty-seventh
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 66 is a plan view of a
mobile radio station used in a system related to the thirty-eighth
embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 67A and FIG. 67B are plan views of mobile radio stations used
in a radio communication system related to the thirty-ninth
embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 68 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a radio
communication system related to fortieth embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 69 is a drawing which shows the configuration of a radio
communication system related to the forty-first embodiment of the
present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A number of preferred embodiments of a radio communication system
according to the present invention will be described in detail
below, with reference being made to the accompanying drawings.
Before the description of the preferred embodiments, the basic
principle of the present invention will be described, using the
block diagram of FIG. 3.
A radio communication system related to the present invention has a
plurality of base stations which are assigned their respective
parts of a prescribed service area, a plurality of terminals which
can move around within the above-noted prescribed service area and,
as shown in FIG. 3, it further has an uplink circuit 4 which is
provided between individual terminals 1 and individual base
stations 5 for the purpose of performing radio transmission of
information from a terminal 1 to a base station 5, and a downlink
circuit 8 which is provided between individual terminals 1 and
individual base stations 5 for the purpose of performing radio
transmission of information from a base station 5 to a terminal
1.
The above-noted terminal 1 has a low-speed transmitting means 2
which transmits a radio signal to the above-noted base station 5 at
a relatively low transmission rate via the above-noted uplink
circuit 4, and a high-speed receiving means 3 which receives a
radio signal sent at a relatively high transmission rate via the
above-noted uplink circuit 8 from the base station 5.
The above-noted base station 5 has a low-speed transmitting means 6
which receives a radio signal at a relatively low transmission rate
from the above-noted terminal 1 via the above-noted downlink
circuit 1, a high-speed receiving means 7 which transmits a radio
signal at a relatively high transmission rate to the above-noted
terminal 1 via the above-noted downlink 8. Furthermore, the
reference numeral 9 denotes a terminal-side transceiving section,
which includes a low-speed transmitting means 2 and a high-speed
receiving means 3.
Next the individual embodiments of the present invention will be
described in sequence. First, in the first embodiment in
communication with a personal-use portable telephone held by an
individual, the communication system used is one in which a
wideband signal is transmitted from a (relay) base station to an
electronic apparatus via a downlink, and a narrowband signal is
transmitted from the electronic apparatus. to the relay base
station via an uplink. A wideband downlink is used for
communication which includes images, voice, file editing,
information distribution, advertising, broadcasting, and the like,
in which case the uplink is used for information to control the
downlink, channel selection, and, in the case of multimedia, media
selection control signals, voice, and the like. FIG. 4 shows the
first embodiment.
In FIG. 4, the personal-use portable telephone 1 performs
transmission and receiving with the base station 5 via the circuits
4 and 8, this having a transceiving section 9, a signal processing
section 10 which processes data received by and to be transmitted
by the transceiving section 9, an input section 13 which inputs a
transmitting control signal, and an output section which outputs
data which has been transferred in. The signal processing section
10 is formed by a processor 11 which performs, among other things,
A-D conversion and coding of signals to be transmitted and D-A
conversion and decoding of received data, and a memory 12 which
temporarily stores data which is to be processed. The input section
13 has a keyboard 14 with numeric keys and the like for the purpose
of inputting control information, and a microphone for inputting a
voice, while the output section 16 has a speaker which outputs the
voice which is related to the transferred in data, and a display 18
which displays character information and the like.
A radio communication system related to the second embodiment of
the present invention is applied to the case of multiple-recipient
communications, which is a blending of broadcasting and
communications. In this case, even an electronic apparatus held by
an individual is capable of receiving a broadcast signal. In such
cases, one broadcast signal selected from a plurality of broadcast
signals is sent to the electronic apparatus 1 by the relay base
station 5 in response to a request from the user of the electronic
apparatus. In the future, the electronic apparatus 1 will be usable
to freely process and use the information taken from a broadcast.
When doing this, it is possible to store this information in the
relay base station in response to a request from the electronic
apparatus, and to process it, as will be described later. FIG. 5
shows one of the second embodiments.
The relay base station 5 in the above-noted type of radio
communication system, as shown in FIG. 5. has a transceiving
section 20 which performs transmission and receiving of data with
the electronic apparatus 1 via the circuits 4 and 8, a signal
processing section 25 which performs signal processing for the
purpose of processing and using the data which is received from a
broadcast or the like, and a cable network terminator apparatus 28
which accepts an information signal which is transferred in via
cable network such as CATV, subscriber optical fiber cable, ATM, or
the like. The transceiving section 20 includes a sharer 21 which
accepts a control signal which is sent in from the electronic
apparatus 1 and which outputs data to be sent to the electronic
apparatus 1 via an antenna, a receiving section (Rx) 22 which
converts a received radio frequency (RF) signal to a
prescribed-frequency signal, and a transmitting section (Tx) 23
which converts data to be sent to an RF signal. The signal
processing section 25 has a processor 26 which selects a channel
from channels of data, in response to user requests from various
electronic apparatuses 1 which are input via the cable network
terminator apparatus 28, and which performs signal processing for
the purpose of sending the selected desired data to an electronic
apparatus 1, and a memory 27 which stores the desired data in
response to the above-noted request of a user.
In the second embodiment, the electronic apparatus need not be for
personal use. That is, it can be used by a number of persons, such
as the case in which it is for family use. In particular as shown
in FIG. 6, the relay base station 5 is mounted to electrical
utility poles or the like, with optical cable or coaxial cable, or
the like use to transfer information to that point. It is also
possible for an electronic apparatus 1 which is mounted at home or
in a vehicle to have a base station of a cordless telephone used at
home, a VCR, or a home-use workstation or the like connected to it.
In such a case, the electronic apparatus 1 transmits to the relay
base station 5 information and information as to whether or not the
information requested is to be stored, in accordance with a request
from such home equipment. In accordance with this, the relay base
station 5 selects information, and in some cases transfers it to
the electronic apparatus 1 as it stores it.
The third embodiment is applied in the case in which the apparent
amount of information generated by a human is large, the received
information being processed and further retransmitted.
That is, there are cases in which a file A is received, this is
processed or added to convert to the form .alpha.(A)+.beta. and
then retransmitted. In this case, .alpha.(A)+.beta. appears to be a
large amount of information. However, there are the operation of
conversion to the amount of information .alpha.(X) that a human
generates and the added information .beta.. The amount of
information required to express the conversion operation .alpha.(X)
and the added information .beta. are information that a human
generates, the speed of generation thereof not exceeding the speed
at which the human brain and body can generate information. That
is, it does a given speed. Specifically, it is low in comparison
with the speed at which speed at which a human can receive
information. In such cases, instead of transmitting
.alpha.(A)+.beta., it is acceptable to transmit only the conversion
operation .alpha.(X) and .beta., these being used at the base
station to generate .alpha.(A)+.beta., the result sent to the far
end party.
Operations such as file editing can all be implemented with these
types of operations. That is, the original file is transmitted to
the portable terminal via a wideband downlink, which is then looked
at and edited by the user. The screens that are looked at and
edited by the user are updated in accordance with the editing
performed. Along with this, the editing information is sent to the
base station, where the original file is edited based on this
editing information. By doing this, editing is possible with an
extremely small amount of transmission from the portable terminal
to the base station.
By means of the above-noted operations, it is possible to reduce
the radio transmission bandwidth, to reduce the radio transmitting
power, and to perform efficient information transmission with a
rechargeable battery.
This type of processing can be applied to examples other than the
file operation noted above. Specifically, assume that A is the data
for the face and the voice of a user of a personal-use portable
telephone, and that these are stored at a base station or relay
station. The personal-use portable telephone then transmits to the
base station only the content of the speech and parameters for
intonation different from the usual. Or else only expressions that
are differ greatly from the user's normal facial expression or
other emotional expression parameters are sent by radio. At the
base station, these are synthesized to resynthesize the original
voice or the original screen transmission. By doing this, it is
possible to reduce the radio transmitting power, and to perform
efficient information transmission with a rechargeable battery.
In addition, a relay base station which performs such processing as
.alpha.(A)+.beta. can be in the same position as the radio
transceiving apparatus, but can also be at a remote location which
is connected to a communication network inside, for example, the
electronic apparatus's user computer or inside equipment at the
far-end party.
The third embodiment is shown in FIG. 7. The relay base station 5,
information amount expanding server 30, communication far-end
server 31, information generating source database 32, and the like
are connected, for example, in a network such as a LAN, MAN, or ATM
network. The information generating source database 32 transmits
information A to the electronic apparatus 1 via the relay base
station 5. Along with this, the information A generates the
processing operator .alpha.(x) and added information .beta.. The
electronic apparatus 1 transmits these processing operator
.alpha.(x) and added information .beta. to the information amount
expanding server 30, via the relay base station 5. The amount of
information this operator and added information have is the amount
of information that is generated by the human who is the user of
the electronic apparatus 1, this capacity being small. At the
information amount expanding server 30, information A is processed
by the processing operator .alpha.(a) and the added information
.beta., .alpha.(A)+.beta. is generated, this being sent to the
server 31. The information amount expanding server 30 send the
processed information .alpha.(A)+.beta. to the electronic apparatus
1A via the relay base station 5A, and this can be displayed on the
display 18 of the electronic apparatus 1A, or .alpha.(A)+.beta. can
be made at the electronic apparatus 1 and displayed on the display
18.
There are cases in which the apparent amount of information
generated by a human is large. This is the case in which the
received data is processed and then retransmitted. That is, it is
the case in which the original information A is received at a
portable electronic apparatus, this being processed or added to,
converting it to the form .alpha.(A)+(B), and retransmitting it. In
this case, the .alpha.(A)+.beta. can appear to be data of great
quantity. There are many cases in which there is a large amount of
the original data A. However, there are the operation of conversion
to the amount of information .alpha.(X) that a human generates and
the added information .beta.. The amount of information required to
express the conversion operation (X) and. the added information
.beta. are information that a human generates, the speed of
generation thereof not exceeding the speed at which the human brain
and body can generate information. That is, it does not exceed a
certain speed. Specifically, it is low in comparison with the speed
at which speed at which a human can receive information. In such
cases, instead of transmitting .alpha.(A)+.beta., only the
conversion operation .alpha.(X) and .beta. are transmitted, these
being used at the receiving side to generate .alpha.(A)+.beta., the
result being the same.
That is, the relay base station sends A to the electronic
apparatus, and along with that A is stored at the relay base
station. Then, the electronic apparatus looks at A, while
transmitting only the information .alpha.(X) and the conversion
operator .beta. to the relay base station. Simultaneously with
this, at the electronic apparatus .alpha.(A)+.beta. is made and
displayed, while the relay base station also makes
.alpha.(A)+.beta. and sends this to the far end. By means of the
above, it is possible to implement service which requires the
transmission of large amounts of data, without using excessive
frequency resources and by means of low-capacity battery power.
Furthermore, a communication system such as described above, in
which wideband signal transmission is performed via a downlink from
a relay base station or base station to an electronic apparatus or
a personal-use portable electronic apparatus and in which
narrowband signal transmission is performed via an uplink from an
electronic apparatus to a relay base station is implemented in the
fourth embodiment, which is shown in FIG. 4.
In the fourth and fifth embodiments, there are two modes of
communication with an electronic apparatus held by an individual,
one in which wi.deband signal transmission is performed via a
downlink from a relay base station to the electronic apparatus, and
in which narrowband signal transmission is performed via an uplink
from the electronic apparatus to the base station, and another in
which narrowband signal transmission is performed in both
directions. A wideband downlink is used for communication which
includes images, voice, file editing, information distribution,
advertising, broadcasting, and the like, in which case the uplink
is used for control signals or the above-noted conversion
operators. The communication mode in which narrowband signal
transmission done in both directions is used when both sides are
transmitting voice or low-speed data. That is, it is very desirable
that there be one narrowband uplink and two downlinks, one
narrowband and one wideband. The fifth embodiment is shown in FIG.
9. In FIG. 9, the reference numeral 34 is the narrowband downlink
circuit used for low frequencies. In addition, it is desirable that
which of these two is to be used is established by a request from
an electronic apparatus. That is, when there is a call from an
electronic apparatus, if it is a voice signal the narrowband
downlink is requested, but if it is an image transmission request,
the wideband downlink is requested.
FIG. 10 shows a radio communication system related to this fifth
embodiment. The configuration shown in FIG. 5 differs from the
configuration shown in FIG. 3 in the low-speed transmitting means
35 provided at the base station 5, the low-speed receiving means 36
provided at the terminal 1, and the above-noted downlink circuit 34
between this low-speed transmitting means 35 and low-speed
receiving means 36.
In the case in which communication is started from the electronic
apparatus, first it is reasonable that the narrowband link of FIG.
10 is used to transmit to the base station or relay base station
what kind of communication it is, a selection of one of the two
downlinks being made based on the transmitted signal, the links in
both directions being then opened. When a transmission intended for
the electronic apparatus reaches the relay base station, in the
case in which both a narrowband and a wideband downlink are
provided, first the narrowband downlink is used to inform the
electronic apparatus that a call for it has been received,
whereupon the electronic apparatus informs the base station whether
or not it can use that link to the call to receive it, and a
corresponding link is assigned.
In this case, the narrowband link itself can also be a narrowband
bi-directional transmission means which operates independently. For
example, it is possible to use the TDMA/TDD (time division multiple
access/time division duplex) form of transmission.
The sixth embodiment is applied to the case in which frequency
placement problems exist when the bandwidths of the uplink and the
downlink differ greatly. Specifically, in the case in which this is
to be implemented using FDMA/FDD (frequency division multiple
access/frequency division duplex), if the specifications of the
sharers of the terminals are all made the same, it is desirable
that the frequency spacing of the uplink frequency and the downlink
frequency be the same. When this is done, on the narrowband uplink,
the frequency difference between adjacent channels becomes much
greater than the uplink bandwidth, leaving much of the frequency
band unused, quite an undesirable condition. Therefore, a
pseudorandom signal series is used to achieve bandwidth dispersion
on the uplink, so that transmission is done with almost the same
bandwidth as the downlink. If the dispersion ratio is large, the
uplink frequency can be made the same as other systems.
The seventh and eight embodiments are applications to the case in
which long-distant transmission is not possible because of the
tendency of the high-speed downlink to be influenced by multipath.
There is also a desire to perform long-distance transmission, even
if the bandwidth is narrow. In such cases, a signal to be
transmitted a long distance is dispersed using a pseudorandom
series having a long period and then transmitted, and a
short-distant large capacity signal is dispersed using a
pseudorandom series having a short period and then transmitted,
thereby enabling satisfaction of both requirements. In addition,
because it is possible to select the transmission rate freely by
selecting the series, in response to the position at which the
electronic apparatus exists, it is possible to perform
communication with high flexibility in the case in which there is a
mixture of signals with various bandwidths. It is also possible, in
the case in which there are radio circuits with differing original
data rates, to use pseudorandom series of the appropriate length so
each of the circuits has approximately the same bandwidth after
dispersion, thereby enabling the provision of a radio communication
system which is flexible and which enables effective use of
frequency bandwidth.
In addition, in the case in which this kind of bandwidth dispersion
is used, because it is possible to use the same frequency band for
a plurality of links, it is easy to achieve a reduction to a small
size and weight, for facilities in the base station or relay base
station, and also for the personal-use portable electronic
apparatus or electronic apparatus.
The ninth embodiment is applied in the case in which the timing of
transceiving is different between transmitting and receiving, these
not being performed simultaneously, thereby enabling free selection
of the uplink and downlink frequency, enabling even more effective
use of frequencies.
The tenth embodiment is applied to accommodate the case in which to
accommodate a radio LAN or the like, if the uplink is randomly
accessed, access to a server or database connected to the network
can be performed by a simple protocol.
The eleventh and twelfth embodiments will be described using FIG.
11 through FIG. 13.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the eleventh embodiment, which shows
the configuration of an SDL system to which the present invention
has been applied. As illustrated therein, a memory 42 is provided
between an information providing station 41 and a base station 5,
information which is obtained via a communication circuit 43 being
stored in the memory. The portable electronic apparatus 1 accesses
the base station by radio communication, almost all the information
that many electronic apparatuses desire being stored in the memory,
enabling the passage of much information to be executed merely via
the connecting line 44.
While this functions for a radio communication post and memory as
well, a different embodiment of the present invention enables
connections between one memory and a plurality of radio
communication posts.
FIG. 12 is a drawing for the purpose of describing the condition of
memory in the system of the eleventh embodiment of the present
invention. The information 47 and 48, which is obtained from the
information providing station, is placed in the memory. The
frequency of access of this information is differentiated into
levels, and when there is a new information access, the stored
contents are discarded, starting from information 23, which has a
low access frequency, with new information 46 being written into
memory area 45.
As another embodiment, in the case in which the memory area is
sufficiently large with respect to the amount of information, it is
possible to write all of the information into memory
beforehand.
As yet another embodiment, in the case in which there is an
effective period of time for the information, such as in the case
of a newspaper or a magazine, it is possible when the time limit
has come, to erase the information from the memory, or to overwrite
it with new information.
FIG. 13 is a drawing which shows the information providing service
according to an SDL system related to the twelfth embodiment. The
information providing station 32 provide information such as
newspapers, magazines, images, avoice, traffic, or personal
information. The information providing station is connected to the
base station 5 by means of a communication circuit 49. The base
station is installed at a transport station, a structure, or on a
road, and sends information in response to a request from a
portable electronic apparatus 1, or information is sent
continuously from the base station.
A radio communication system in accordance with the above-described
first through twelfth embodiments, is related to the SDL system,
the principle of which is shown in FIG. 4. The radio circuit is
formed by a wideband downlink from the base station to a
personal-use portable electronic apparatus, and a narrowband uplink
from a terminal to a base station. In these embodiments, on the
case in which the transmission rates of the uplink and the downlink
are asymmetrical is proposed, nothing being said about frequency
placement or method of modulation.
A frequency placement example of the past is shown in FIG. 1. This
is the Japanese RCR STD-27B digital automobile telephone system. In
this system, the downlink and the uplink have the same transmission
rate, the 800-MHz and 1.5-GHz bands being used as the radio
frequency bands. In the 800-MHz band, the downlink is located in
the range 810 MHz to 826 MHz, and the uplink is located in the
range 940 MHz to 956 MHz. In a system of the past, because an
uplink and a downlink operating at the same transmission rate were
assumed, transmission is performed in the same frequency band.
However, problems arise when considering application to the SDL
system.
In the SDL system, because a wideband downlink is assumed, in a low
frequency band such as the 800-MHz band, it becomes difficult to
assign this wide band and to achieve effective frequency usage. For
example, in the case of trying to perform transmission at 100 MHz
or so, it is obvious that it is impossible for the bandwidth to be
found to allow one user 100 MHz bandwidth in the 800-MHz band. For
this reason, it is necessary to perform transmission in the
sub-millimeter band of several gigahertz, or in the millimeter band
of several tens of gigahertz.
An example of the frequency placement in the case in which a radio
communication system related to the present invention is configured
using a 60-GHz-band SDL system is shown in FIG. 14.
The amount of information that a human being is capable of
generating has an upper limit due to the capability of a human
being. In contrast, the amount of information that a human can
perceive is much greater than the amount of information that a
human can generate. The information that a human can generate is
limited, even if we add together voice, input from a keyboard or a
mouse, facial expressions, and all other information. The amount of
information in the human voice falls far short of 64 kbps. Even if
various means of transferring data between the human and a machine,
such as a keyboard or a mouse, are used, none of these can surpass
the amount of information that can be generated by the human mind
or parts of the body, and in total the amount of information that a
human being can generate is thought of as not exceeding 100
kbps.
In contrast to this, the amount of information that a human being
can receive is extremely large. The human being receives a
plurality of sensory media, such as voice, images, atmosphere,
tactile senses, and smells, and the like, using perception organs
that operate independently. In addition, the brain and the organs
of a human being process the information they receive, extracting
and processing only information which can be processed by the brain
and the bodily organs, in response to the individual human's
history and processing priority. In normal everyday life, much more
information than can be generated by a human being is received. And
feedback is applied to an information receiving means which selects
which information is to be accepted, based on the received
information. The manner in which this feedback is applied differs
from individual to individual. Therefore, even if a large number of
humans receive the same information, the method of processing it
will differ greatly. That is, it is possible for a human to receive
a great amount more information than it is possible for the human
mind or bodily organs to process.
This can also be understood from the difference in sizes between
the part of the human brain which governs the receiving of
information and the part of the human brain which governs the
generation of information. The auditory/visual part of the brain is
extremely large. In contrast to this, the part related to the
generation of language is not so large. Nerves a strung throughout
all parts of the body, and a variety of information is collected in
the brain and the spinal cord. In contrast to the very large amount
of information, the information that the brain generates is limited
to the voice and a few gestures. In terms also of the thickness of
the nerves that are used as information transmission paths within
the body, the thickest of these is the optic nerve, which governs
the reception of information.
This fact can be understood from engineering applications as well.
Specifically, in the case of generating image information that a
human being will receive, to make image information that the human
being will sense as being natural, several megabits per second of
information are generally required. In images made will less than
this amount of information, a human will easily be able to detect
unnaturalness of shape and movement. And a human is not capable of
generating this amount of image information. The amount of
information in a human facial expression is extremely small
compared with the amount of image information the human eye
generally perceives. The analog of this is the very high
compression ratio when an image is bandwidth compressed to capture
a human facial expression. Bandwidth compression of an image
including a human facial expression has be researched in detail by
Prof. Harashima et al, of University of Tokyo, from which this
extremely high compression ratio is known. That is, the amount of
information in the human facial expression is extremely small.
Virtually the same is true of the voice. Using current bandwidth
compression technology, voice information can be compressed to
approximately 4 kilobits per second. That is, the amount of
information is small.
In the case in which music from an musical instrument, rather than
a voice, is to be used to generate information, the amount of
information is small. Consider the amount of information from a
piano performance. A piano has 88 keys and, therefore, when one is
pressed data less than 7 bits is generated. If it is possible for a
fast person to press ten keys in one second, there are ten fingers,
and additionally, if there are 1000 sound levels (10 bits) which
the sound can take, this is 7*10*10*10=7000, which is no more than
7 kilobits per second. This does not change with the model and the
tone of the piano. When recording a piano performance, the required
information speed is generally no more than 1000 bits per second.
While it appears that a large amount of information is generated by
a musical instrument when it is played, the amount of information
generated by the musical instrument only appears to be large
because the information of the tone and individuality of the
musical instrument is modulated by information that is generated by
a human being.
On the other hand, in the case of receiving information, a human
being is capable of receiving and processing a very large amount of
information. With an orchestra of 150 people generating
information, if even one performer makes a mistake, it can be
easily detected. Additionally, a human being is constantly
distinguishing sound from the extremely large amount of information
generated by the performers' modulation of the characteristic
information generated by the instruments, and perceiving and
extracting characteristics therefrom.
Consider the case of five people having a serious discussion. Each
person is receiving information from the other four people, who are
making all efforts to express their opinions to the other person.
While all of the information from the other four people is not
processed in the receiving person's brain, it is at least received
via the person's sensory organs. Even after the meeting, the
participants have a general grasp of who said what. This is
possible because, of the information received from the other four
persons, the required parts were processed by the brain. With
regard to information generation, it is generally not possible for
one person to generate an amount of information that exceeds the
total of the average information generated by the other four
persons.
That is, there is a large difference in the amount of information
that a human being can generate and receive. Specifically, the
amount of information that a human being generates is extremely
small compared to the amount of information that can be received by
a human.
The amount of information transmitted in a personal-use electronic
apparatus of the past was small compared to the amount of
information that a single human being can generate. That is, it was
no more than as much as a voice transmission. Therefore, this human
being clearly generated less information that the human being was
intrinsically capable of generating. However, when wider bandwidth
radio communication becomes possible in the future, it will be
possible to perform radio transmission at a transmission rate that
is lower than the information receiving rate of a human being and
greater than the information generating rate of a human being. When
this is done, it will not be possible as in the past to make
effective use of frequencies with the same rate for both
transmitting and receiving.
In the past, the same modulation method was used in the uplink and
the downlink. For example, in a narrowband digital automobile
telephone system using the TDMA of Japan and the US, .pi./4DWPSK
was used on both the downlink and the uplink. A proposal to use
different modulation methods on the uplink and downlink was made in
the US digital automobile telephone standards (IS-95) which uses
OQPSK. In this, the uplink uses OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying-4) and the downlink uses QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift
Keying-4). However, the information transmission rates are the
same, this clearly differing from the SDL system. Also, because the
same PSK modulation is used, the characteristics are extremely
similar. There are no examples of using modulation methods of
completely different natures and with completely different
transmission rates.
The thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
15. Communication is performed by a radio communication terminal
101, which is connected to a cable network, and a portable radio
terminal 102. The relationship between the frequency band used for
this communication and the transmission rate is shown in FIG.
16.
Transmission from the radio communication terminal 101 to the
portable terminal 102 is performed via a radio circuit (downlink)
at a transmission rate of R1 at a radio frequency of f1 in the
60-GHz band. In this embodiment, because BSPK, which is a two-state
modulation method, is used, the transmission rate and the used
bandwidth are noted as the same. R1 is the 100-Mbps transmission
rate, it is possible to achieve a 100-MHz bandwidth by using the
60-GHz band, and it is possible to implement wideband
transmission.
Transmission from the portable terminal 102 to the radio
communication terminal 101 is performed via a radio circuit
(uplink) at a transmission rate R1, which is lower than R1, at a
frequency of f2 in the 800-MHz band. Because the information that
is generated at the portable terminal 102 can be thought of as
being mainly input from keys and voice, sufficient information
transmission can be performed with a transmission rate of several
tens of kilobits per second. In this embodiment, this was made 30
kbps. If this is 30 kbps, because sufficient bandwidth can be
achieved even in the 800-MHz band, transmission is possible at this
bandwidth.
Because the radio frequency band at the terminal is low, there is
little propagation loss in the air, so that the power need not be
made that large. Also, because the transmitted bandwidth is small,
the total power is also small. For this reason, it is possible to
reduce the power consumption, enabling a lengthening of the period
of continuous use before recharging or replacement of the
battery.
In addition, devices for the 800-MHz band are widely used in
automobile telephones, and inexpensive devices are readily
available. Reduction of the size of devices is also being achieved.
By placing the uplink in the 800-MHz band, it is possible to reduce
the cost and the size of the terminal.
The fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
17.
Communication is performed between a radio communication terminal
301, which is connected to a cable network and a portable radio
terminal 202. In doing this, the relationship of the radio
frequency placement and the transmission rate is as shown in FIG.
18.
Transmission from the radio communications terminal 301 to the
portable terminal 302 is performed via a radio circuit (downlink)
at a transmission rate of R1 at a radio frequency of f1 in the
60-GHz band. R1 is a high-speed circuit of, for example, 100 Mbps.
Along with this, another single downlink is provided for
transmission at a rate of R2 (for example, 30 kbps) at f2' in the
800-MHz band. Transmission from the portable terminal 302 to the
radio communication terminal 301 is performed via a radio circuit
(uplink) at a transmission rate of R2 at a radio frequency of f2 in
the 800-MHz band.
The difference in this in comparison with the thirteenth embodiment
is the provision of on more downlink, at f2 and R2. The 60-GHz-band
downlink, because of the characteristics of that frequency band, is
susceptible to the influence of obstructing objects. Because of
shadowing caused by obstructing objects, cutoff of the
communication circuit occurs. In this embodiment, by providing a
link by the additional one downlink at f2', it is possible to
prevent the total cutoff of the downlink. Compared to the radio
frequency f1 in the 60-GHz band, the radio frequency f2' in the
800-MHz band has less propagation loss and is less susceptible to
shadowing, thereby reducing the possibility of circuit cutoff. For
example, by assigning a control channel to this f2'/R2 downlink,
even in the event that the f1/R1 downlink is cut off, there is no
complete cutoff, the link between the radio terminal 301 and the
portable terminal 302 being maintained by executing such protocols
as the completion protocol, the upper state protocol, and the
cutoff protocol via the control channel. In this case, although the
portable radio terminal 302 an additional f2'/R2 receiving
apparatus, compared to the 60-GHz-band receiving apparatus, the
added part has negligible small current consumption, volume, and
cost. By adopting the radio frequency bands and transmission rate
configuration of this embodiment, it is possible to implement a
high-performance portable terminal which is small, has low power
consumption, and which is low cost.
The fifteenth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
19.
Communication is performed between a radio base station 501, which
is connected to a cable network, and a plurality of portable radio
terminals 502. The relationship between the radio frequency band
and the transmission rates in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 20.
From the radio base station 501 to each of the portable terminals
502 (downlink) transmission is made on frequencies f1, f1', f1'' in
the 60-GHz band at a transmission rate of R1. From each of the
portable terminals 502 to the radio base station 501 (uplink)
transmission is made on frequencies f2, f2', and f2'' in the
2.4-GHz band at a transmission rate of R2. R1 is 100 MHz, and R2 is
2 MHz. In doing this, one base station and a plurality of terminals
perform wideband transmission over a millimeter downlink and
relatively narrowband transmission over a 2.4-GHz-band uplink. The
frequency placement at each of the terminals, as shown in FIG. 8,
is configured such that f2 follows and corresponds to f1 and such
that f2' follows and corresponds to f1'. In this embodiment, while
frequency multiplexing is used on both the uplink and the downlink,
it is also possible to employ multiplexing by time-division
multiplexing, coding-division multiplexing, or the ALOHA system or
the like. In this embodiment, because the uplink transmission rate
is a relatively high 2 MHz, the 2.4-GHz band is used. Compared with
the 800-MHz band, the 2.4-GHz band has higher propagation loss, but
compared with the 60-GHz band it has much lower propagation loss,
so that, compared to the case in which the same 60-GHz band is used
for the uplink and the downlink, it is possible to limit the
terminal power to a low power. It is possible to make the influence
of the terminal on a human being small, and to have a configuration
which has low power consumption, small size, and low cost.
The sixteenth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
21.
Communication is performed between a radio base station 701, which
is connected to a cable network, and a plurality of portable
terminals 702. The relationship of the radio frequency placement
and the transmission rate in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 22.
The downlink performs communication at a transmission rate of R1 at
a frequency of f1 in the 19-GHz band. In this case, R1 is 50 Mbps.
Another downlink is provided, this performing communication at a
transmission rate of R2 (for example, 2 kbps) at a frequency of f3
in the 400-MHz band. The uplink performs communication at a
transmission rate of R2 at a frequency of f2 in the 400-MHz band.
The frequency placement, as shown in FIG. 10, is configured such
that the frequency sequence is f1, f2, f3 for the terminal 1 and
f1', f2', f3' for the terminal 2. If this type of frequency
placement is used, it is possible to have uniformly spaced radio
frequencies in the narrowband 400-MHz-band uplink and downlink,
making it easy to establish synchronization of the terminal
frequency. By placing the f1 in the 19-GHz band, a wideband
downlink is established, and by placing the downlink and uplink in
the 400-MHz band, the possibility of complete cutoff is reduced,
thereby enabling stable control. Because the receiver for the
downlink in the 400-MHz band can have a simple configuration, it
can be implemented without much influence on the overall size of
the terminal. By configuring the uplink with a low transmission
rate on the low 400-MHz band, it is possible to provide a simple
portable terminal.
The seventeenth embodiment of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 23. This relates to the radio section (radio apparatus) of a
portable radio terminal applied to the radio communication system
of the thirteenth and fifteenth embodiments of the present
invention. The radio apparatus of the seventeenth embodiment is
formed by an antenna 901 and receiver for the purpose of receiving
a f1/R1 radio signal, an antenna 903 and transmitter for the
purpose of transmitting a f2/R2 radio signal, an interface 906
between the receiver, the portable terminal and other parts, and a
control apparatus 906. In this case, f1 is in a high-frequency band
(for example, in the 60-GHz band), R1 is wideband (for example, 100
Mbps), f2 is in a low-frequency band (for example, 800-MHz band),
and R2 is narrowband (for example, 30 kbps). Because the frequency
bands and bandwidths differ between receiving and transmitting,
independent antennas are used for receiving and transmitting. The
receiver includes a frequency converting apparatus and demodulating
apparatus for the purpose of converting the RF-band frequency radio
signal to a digital signal. The transmitter includes a digital
modulator and frequency converting apparatus to convert a digital
signal to an RF (radio frequency). The control apparatus has
functions which establish the timing of the transmitting and
receiving with synchronized frequency and transmission rate.
By providing a portable terminal with a radio apparatus of this
type of configuration, it is possible to configure a portable
terminal which can be applied to the radio communication system of
the thirteenth and fifteenth embodiments.
The eighteenth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
24. This embodiment is related to a radio section (radio apparatus)
of a portable radio terminal which is applied to a radio
communication system of the twelfth and fourteenth embodiments. The
difference in this with respect to the fifteenth embodiment is a
receiving apparatus 1004 which receives a narrowband (for example,
30 kbps) signal at a frequency of f2 in a low-frequency band (for
example, in the 800-MHz band), and a transmitting/receiving sharer
(duplexer) which includes both the f2 transmitting signal and the
received signal in a single antenna. A 800-MHz-band transmitting
apparatus 1005 and the receiving apparatus 1004 are inexpensive in
comparison to a 60-GHz-band receiving apparatus, and facilitate a
reduction in size. Also, because transmission is done at a low
frequency and narrow bandwidth, the transmitting power can be made
small. This enables the implementation of a portable radio terminal
which has little influence on the human body.
By providing a portable terminal with a radio apparatus of this
type of configuration, it is possible to configure a portable
terminal which can be applied to the radio communication system of
the twelfth and fourteenth embodiments.
The nineteenth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
25. This embodiment relates to a radio apparatus and radio base
station which are applied to a radio communication system of the
thirteenth and fifteenth embodiment. This embodiment will be
described using the example of a radio base station. The base
station has a transmitting apparatus 1101, which performs
transmission at a transmission rate of R1 (for example, 100 Mbps)
at a radio frequency of f1 in a millimeter band (for example,
60-GHz band), and a receiving apparatus which performs receiving of
at a transmission rate of R2 which is lower than R2 (for example,
30 kbps) at a radio frequency of f2 in a low frequency band (for
example, 800-MHz band). In addition, there is control section, and
a signal processing section and interface section which perform
connections to a cable network.
By providing a receiving apparatus and a transmitting apparatus
which have different frequency bands and transmission rates, it is
possible to configure a radio apparatus and a radio base station
which can be applied to the radio communication system of the
second embodiment and the fourth embodiment.
The twenty-first embodiment of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 27. The twenty-first embodiment is a radio communication
system made up of a base station 1301 and a terminal 1302. The base
station is formed by a transmitter 1303 which performs transmission
by infrared rays at a transmission rate of R1, a receiver 1304
which performs receiving of at a transmission rate of R2 on a radio
frequency of f2, and a signal processing section which performs
control and performs interfacing with a cable network. The terminal
is formed by an infrared receiver 1305, a radio transmitter 1306,
and a signal processing section which performs interface with other
parts and control. Transmission from the base station to a terminal
(downlink) is performed using infrared at a transmission rate of
R1. Transmission from a terminal to the base station (uplink) is
performed using radio at a transmission rate of R1.
In the case in which the downlink is implemented as a radio circuit
using radio waves, it is necessary to have a bandwidth which
corresponds to the transmission rate. In the case in which
high-speed transmission is performed, it is necessary to achieve a
wide bandwidth, and it is necessary to develop a high frequency
band that is yet unused, such as a millimeter band. However, in
this embodiment, by using infrared waves on the downlink which
requires a wide bandwidth, it is possible to configuration the
system without a limitation imposed by radio frequency bandwidths.
Additionally, millimeter-band devices are high in cost and
physically large, whereas infrared devices are low-cost and
physically small, enabling the implementation of a terminal and
base station that are small and low-cost.
The twenty-second embodiment of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 28. The base station radio apparatus 1401 is formed by a
transmitting apparatus which performs transmission at a high
transmission rate of R1 (100 Mbps) at a frequency f1 in a first
radio frequency band (for example, 60 GHz) and a receiving
apparatus which performs receiving of a signal at a transmission
rate R2 (for example, 30 kbps) which is lower than R1 at a
frequency f2 in a radio frequency band that is lower than f1 (for
example 800 MHz). The radio apparatus of the terminal is formed by
a receiving apparatus which performs receiving of a f1/R1 signal
and a transmitting apparatus which performs transmission of an
f2/R2 signal.
In this system, the f1/R1 signal and the f2/R2 signal have
different modulation methods.
The frequency f1 is in a millimeter band, and R1 is approximately
100 Mbps. It is difficult to obtain a device which operates
linearly over such a wide bandwidth in a millimeter band.
Therefore, on the downlink it is desirable to use a non-linear
modulation method. The radio propagation characteristics in a
millimeter band are such that there is a large propagation loss,
and because the distance being traveled by the radio waves is
short, frequency usage can be effectively improved by means of zone
design. Because millimeter waves provide a relative amount of
spectrum bandwidth margin, the utilization efficiency on the
frequency axis is not as severe as with previous microwaves. For
this reason, a method of modulation is allowed which has a
relatively wide bandwidth in comparison with the transmission rate.
Because of both of these aspects FSK, which is a non-linear
modulation system, having a modulation index of 0.5 or greater,
thereby requiring some bandwidth, is a candidate.
On the other hand, because the frequency of the uplink is microwave
(f2), and the transmission rate (R2) is several tens of kbps, it is
easy to obtain low-cost, compact linear components, thereby
eliminating problems of linearity. However, because the bandwidths
allocated in this frequency band are small, it is necessary to make
efficient use of the frequency axis. For this reason, a method of
modulation having superior frequency utilization efficiency is
desired. Although they are linear modulation, the .pi./4DQPSK and
QPSK modulation methods, which have superior frequency utilization
efficiency, and GMSK, which has a slightly inferior efficiency are
candidates.
From another viewpoint, on the high-speed downlink, because of the
speed of the transmission rate, QAM, which enables the transmission
of much information with a single symbol, is a candidate. On the
uplink, the transmission rate is slow, but because the associated
information is important control information and the like, BPSK and
the like, which are more immune to errors than QAM (Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation-4) are candidates.
As described above, in an SDL system, because the uplink and
downlink transmission rates and transmission frequency bands
differ, by selecting different modulation systems for each, it is
possible to obtain a high-quality circuit on each.
The twenty-third embodiment of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 29. The base station and terminal shown in this embodiment are
those shown in FIG. 28. Transmission on the downlink from the base
station 1501 to each terminal 1502 is done at a transmission rate
of R1 (100 Mbps) at a frequency f1 in the 60-GHz band, using a
modulation method 1 (code division multiplexing, CDM), and
transmission on the uplink from each terminal to the base station
is done at a transmission rate of R2 (8 kbps) at a frequency of f2
in the 800-MHz band, using a modulation method 2 (GMSK). By
changing the transmission rates, transmitting frequency bands, and
modulation methods of the uplink and downlink, it is possible to
achieve a high-quality circuit on both, while enabling reduction in
size and power consumption of the terminal.
The twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 30. The base station 1601 has a transmitting apparatus 1603
for transmission at a transmission rate of R1 at a radio frequency
of f1 in a sub-millimeter band (19 GHz). The transmission rate R1
is not fixed, but can be varied in the transmission rate range of 1
Mbps to 15 Mbps. The modulation method 1 is 4-value FSK. At the
terminal, in the same manner, a receiving apparatus 1606 is
provided for receiving at a transmission rate of R1, using a
modulation method 1, at a frequency of f1. On this wideband
downlink, mainly transmission of data such as images, which
requires a wide bandwidth, is performed. The base station and
terminal have, separate from this downlink, a .pi./4DQPSK
transceiver for a transmission rate of R2 (384 kbps) on a frequency
of f2 (1.9 GHz). Because transmission on the frequency of f2 is don
by time-division multiple access/time-division multiplexing
(TDMA/TDD), transmission is done on the same frequency. FIG. 31 is
a conceptual drawing of the system configuration which uses the
base station and terminal of FIG. 30. The base station 1701 has a
f1/R1, modulation method 1 downlink, and a modulation method 1,
f2/R2 uplink and downlink. By using this type of configuration, it
possible to obtain a high-quality circuit on each, and further
possible to configure a system that has few instantaneous dropouts
caused by shadowing.
In this twenty-fourth embodiment, the f2 uplink and downlink use
the same transmission rate of R2. Having an uplink with a
transmission rate of R2 and a downlink with a transmission rate of
R2' can also be envisioned. While the f2 uplink and downlink are
mainly used for transmission of control information, in addition to
simple control information the uplink also performs data
transmission of re-transmitted control, in the case in which an
error occurs in f1 downlink data, and uplink data transmission.
Because downlink data transmission is performed on a high-speed
downlink at f1, the f2 downlink only performs transmission of
control data. Therefore, even on the f2 uplink and downlink, there
occurs an symmetry in the amount of information. Radio
communication systems of the past did not consider asymmetry of
information, assigning the same bandwidth to the uplink and the
downlink. On the f2 circuit, which mainly transmits control
information, by considering an uplink and a downlink with differing
transmission rates, it is possible to achieve a more efficient
utilization of frequencies.
The twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention will be
described below, with reference made to the drawings.
First, the digital radio communication system related to the
twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention will be explained
in accordance with FIG. 32.
There is a base station and a plurality of portable electronic
apparatuses, an downlink circuit transmission of information from
the base station to a portable electronic apparatus, and an uplink
circuit for transmission information from a portable electronic
apparatus to a base station. The downlink circuit and the uplink
circuit can be, for example, an SDL-Net as shown in the first
through the twelfth embodiments. With an SDL-Net, the area covered
by a high-speed downlink circuit is made narrow, and the area
covered by a low-speed uplink circuit is made wide. In addition,
the signal transmission rate of the uplink circuit is made slower
than the signal transmission rate of the downlink circuit, to give
consideration to the reduction in size of the portable electronic
apparatus.
FIG. 33 shows an example of the configuration of a portable
electronic apparatus used in an SDL-Net. A digital signal
transmitted from a portable electronic apparatus to a base station
undergoes error-correcting encoding, and is waveshaped and
modulated in a digital section, is converted to an analog signal by
means of a D-A converter (DAC) and an interpolating filter (LPF),
and is input to a mixer. At the mixer, the signal which is output
from the DAC is multiplied by a signal which is output from a
carrier signal generator (oscillation frequency f1), the output of
the mixer undergoing suppression of images after the multiplication
by means of a bandpass filer (BPF), and amplification by means of
an RF amplifier, after which it is output by means of an antenna.
The downlink signal transmitted from the base station is received
by an antenna and bandlimited by means of a bandpass filter (BPF),
after which it is amplified by an LNA (low-noise amplifier). The
output of the LNA is input to a mixer, by which it is multiplied by
a signal which is output from a carrier signal generator
(oscillator frequency f2), thereby converting the frequency. The
output of the mixer undergoes suppression of images after
multiplication, by means of the LPF, after which an A-D converter
(ADC) converts it to a digital signal. The ADC output (digital
signal) is demodulated at the digital section.
In an SDL-Net, the uplink signal transmission rate and the downlink
signal transmission rate differ (the downlink signal transmission
rate having a high speed than that of the uplink). That is, the
timing clocks for the uplink and the downlink differ. According to
the present invention, a clock which is supplied to a digital
section of the uplink is merely connected from the clock for the
downlink via a 1/n frequency divider, enabling simplification of
the circuit cf.
The frequency divider is, as shown in FIG. 34, made up of a base-n
counter and a phase shifter. By means of this, the signal
transmission rate of the uplink and the downlink differ, and in a
system in which the uplink signal transmission rate is . . . than
the downlink signal transmission rate, it is possible to use a
common system clock generator, thereby enabling simplification of
the circuit configuration. Also, by adopting the circuit
configuration shown in FIG. 34, it is possible to generate the
clock for the uplink circuit with an arbitrary phase. This
operation will be described by means of FIG. 35. The downlink
circuit clock is frequency divided by a base-n counter, and phase
shifted by an arbitrary timing by the phase shifter. By adopting
the above-noted configuration it is possible to synchronize the
signals transmitted on the uplink an the downlink.
Next, a digital radio communication method related to the
twenty-sixth embodiment will be described, using FIG. 36.
In the radio communication method related to the twenty-sixth
embodiment there is a PHS circuit and a high-speed downlink
circuit, the method being made up of a information service base
station which is connected to a cable network, a PHS base station
which is connected to the above-noted information service base
station, and a high-speed downlink circuit base station. Signal
transmission from the information service base station to a
portable electronic apparatus is performed by either the PHS
circuit or a high-speed down-link. Signal transmission from the
portable electronic apparatus to the information service base
station is performed by means of the PHS circuit.
FIG. 37 shows the configuration of the radio section and the modem
section of the portable electronic apparatus which is used in the
radio communication system of FIG. 36. Because of one type of
uplink circuit and two types of downlink circuits, each of the
transmitting sections and receiving sections are housed together. A
received radio signal is demodulated by the radio section and modem
section, and sent to the control section and memory section. A
digital signal output from the control section and the memory
section is sent to the radio section and the modem section and
transmitted as a radio signal.
When a radio signal is demodulated, the carrier and timing clock
must be regenerated from the received signal. FIG. 38 shows the
configuration of the receiver when performing regeneration the
carrier and the timing clock. The radio signal received by the
antenna is amplified by the RF amplifier (the RF amplifier output
being hereinafter referred to as the RF signal). At the carrier
regeneration circuit, the reference carrier is regenerated from the
RF signal. The regenerated reference carrier is input to a
multiplier. Simultaneously with this, the RF signal is input to a
mixer, by which its frequency is converted. The multiplier output
is input to a lowpass filter (LPF) for the purpose of eliminating
image signals caused by the frequency conversion (the output of the
LPF being hereinafter referred to as the baseband signal). At the
timing regeneration circuit, the timing clock is regenerated from
the baseband signal. Therefore, in a portable electronic apparatus
used in the radio communication system shown in FIG. 36, because
radio signals are received at two different signal transmission
rates, two timing regeneration circuits such as shown in FIG. 38
are required (FIG. 39). That is, it is necessary to have a timing
regeneration circuit 1 to regenerate the timing clock from the
baseband signal 1, and a timing regeneration circuit 2 to
regenerate the timing clock from the baseband signal 2.
According to the present invention, it is possible to replace the
slower speed of the two timing regeneration circuits with the
divider and phase shifter shown in FIG. 34, thereby simplifying the
circuit cf. In addition, it is possible to synchronize the
transmission timing of the high-speed downlink circuit and the PHS
circuit.
In the twenty-sixth embodiment, although PHS was given as the
example given of a radio communication system in which the signal
transmission rates were equal, this can also be a different kind of
radio communication system, such as an automobile telephone.
Next, a digital radio communication method related to the
twenty-seventh embodiment will be described.
With the configuration of the portable electronic apparatus shown
in FIG. 39, it is necessary to have two types of carrier
regeneration circuits and clock regeneration circuits. This is
shown in a simple manner in FIG. 40. The RF signal 1 and the RF
signal 2, the baseband signal 1, and the baseband signal 2 are each
used to perform regeneration of carriers and timing. As shown in
FIG. 33, according to the present invention, it is possible to
replace the other clock generating circuit by a frequency divider
and a phase shifter, thereby enabling simplification of the circuit
cf. In addition, the present invention can be applied no only to
the clock regeneration circuit, but to the carrier regeneration
circuit as well. FIG. 41 shows an example of the present invention
applied to a carrier regeneration circuit.
The reference signal generating circuit shown in FIG. 41 generates
and outputs carriers and timing clocks with respect to the RF
signal 1 and RF signal 2, and the baseband signal 1 and the
baseband signal 2 which are input to it.
At the carrier regeneration circuit or the timing clock
regeneration circuit, by extracting the carrier component or the
clock component from the input signal by means of a highly
selective (high Q) circuit, such as a PLL, it is possible to
regenerate the carrier or the timing clock. That is, by eliminating
from the input signal the error component, using a filter,
regeneration is made of either the carrier or the timing clock.
While in the carrier regeneration circuit or clock regeneration
circuit shown in FIG. 41, regeneration of the carrier or of the
timing clock is performed from a signal of each, with the reference
signal regenerating circuit shown in FIG. 42, because it is
possible to perform regeneration of the carrier or timing clock
from a plurality of input signals, it is possible to obtain a
plurality of error information. For this reason, the regenerated
carrier or timing clock frequency accuracy can be improved.
Next, a digital radio communication method related to the
twenty-eight embodiment will be described. In the radio
communication method shown in FIG. 32 or FIG. 36, when transmitting
information from the base station to a portable electronic
apparatus or from a portable electronic apparatus to a base
station, transmission is done in units of frames, a frame being
made up of a plurality of continuous bits. By treating the
transmitted signal in units of frames, it is possible to easily
apply error correction or ARQ. FIG. 43 shows a block diagram of a
frame timing detecting circuit which performs frame timing clock
regeneration from a demodulated bit data stream. Let us assume a
receiver configuration as shown in FIG. 44. A digital bit stream
which was demodulated by the above-noted digital section is input
to a correlator along with the a bit timing clock. The correlatar
is formed from cascaded D-type flip-flops (a shift register) and a
comparator. The comparator has input to it the output of the shift
register, which is delayed by the bit timing clock, and a known
signal which is inserted beforehand for the purpose of frame
detection. The correlator output is input to a PLL, and the frame
timing clock is generated. In a radio communication method in which
there are two or more communication systems having differing signal
transmission rates and frame timings, two or more frame timing
detecting circuits as shown in FIG. 42 are required.
According Lo the present invention as described above, it is
possible to replace a signal source with a frequency divider and
phase shifter. Therefore, it is possible to have a single PLL
replace two or more types of frame synchronization circuits,
thereby enabling simplification of the circuit cf. It is possible
to implement a frame timing detecting circuit with a frequency
divider and a phase shifter. FIG. 43 shows an example of a frame
timing detecting circuit implemented with a frequency divider and a
phase shifter.
The demodulated bit stream 1 and the bit timing clock 1 are input
to a correlator 1, and the trigger signal of the frame timing is
detected. The output of the correlator 1 is input to a phase-locked
loop which is formed by a phase comparator, a loop filter, a
voltage-controlled oscillator, and a base-m counter. One output of
the voltage-controlled oscillator is input to the frequency divider
shown in FIG. 34. The amount phase shift of the phase shifter is
controlled by the output of the correlator 2.
In addition, because the frame timing can be generated by frequency
dividing the bit timing clock, it is possible to have a common
circuit serve as the bit timing clock regeneration circuit and the
frame timing regeneration circuit. FIG. 44 shows a clock signal
generating circuit. The error signal is detected from a plurality
of inputs such as a clock signal (number of inputs i) and the
voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled, it being possible to
derive the desired clock (output signal k) by means of base-nk
counter and a phase shifter. By using the above-noted
configuration, it is possible to simplify the circuit cf.
Next, a radio communication system related to the twenty-ninth
embodiment will be described in accordance with FIG. 45. FIG. 45
shows the configuration, which is made up of a PHS base station and
cable network, and an SDL-Net. The SDL-Net has a downlink which has
a high speed compared to the PHS, this being mainly used for data
transmission. In the PHS circuit, position recording is
performed.
As described above, in a system in which two or more different
types of transmission system exist, it is possible to simplify the
circuit configuration by replacing one of the clock regeneration
circuits by a frequency divider and phase shifter. However, in
doing this, it is necessary to have the clocks of the differing
transmission methods synchronized. FIG. 45 shows a method of
synchronizing, via the network, a PHS circuit and an SDL-Net
circuit. The network side has a reference signal generator. At the
PHS base station a signal which is synchronized to a reference
signal on the network side is generated by a synchronizing circuit.
When performing communication between with a portable electronic
apparatus, the signal is transmitted based on this reference
signal. At the SDL-Net base station, in the same manner, a signal
which is synchronized to a reference signal on the network side is
generated by a synchronizing circuit, information being transmitted
to a portable electronic apparatus based on this reference signal.
The synchronizing circuit is formed by a clock generating circuit
such as a PLL and, as described above, this can be implemented by a
frequency divider and a phase shifter.
Next, a radio communication system related to the thirtieth
embodiment of the invention will be described. As in the case of
the above-described FIG. 45, in a system made up of a PHS base
station, a cable network, and an SDL-Net base station, the case in
which the service areas of the PHS and the SDL-Net is assumed. That
is, as shown in FIG. 46, the SDL-Net services areas are included
within the PHS service area. The existence of a plurality of
SDL-Net service area is envisioned.
In the above-described SDL system, there are systems existing which
have a narrowband uplink radio channel and a wideband downlink
radio channel, and systems which have a narrowband radio channel
for both uplink and downlink. Because the system for which the
present invention is intended is the latter type of system,
hereinafter the term SDL system shall be used to refer to this
latter type of system. In an SDL system, to achieve a high
transmission rate on the downlink radio channel, a high frequency
is used at the wideband radio base station, but because attenuator
at high frequencies is high, it is difficult to achieve a wide
service area. Also, because the wider the bandwidth is made, the
more the transmission distortion increases and the greater is the
influence of noise, a wideband radio base station service area is
narrower than a narrowband radio base station service area. For
this reason, the areas of a wideband radio base station service and
a narrowband radio base station service area have different
makeups. Therefore, in an SDL system, accompanying the movement of
a mobile radio station, with the same connectable narrowband base
station, there are cases in which the connectable wideband base
station will change, so that a mobile radio station must be aware
of both the connectable narrowband base station and the connectable
wideband base station. With regard to the method of recognizing in
the service area of what narrowband base station a mobile radio
station is located, because both up and down radio channels are
provided between a narrowband base station and the mobile radio
station, it is possible to use the same protocol as has been used
in previous portable telephone services. The protocol that is used
in a portable telephone service consists of notification by the
radio base station, via the downlink channel, of itself by means of
an identifying signal, this signal being received by the mobile
station, which sends to that base station an identifying signal
which indicates its identity, via the uplink channel. By doing
this, the mobile radio station can determine in the service area of
what radio base station it is located. With regard to the method of
recognizing in the service area of what wideband base station a
mobile radio station is located, the above description did not
provide an explicit method. Therefore, in a system for which the
present invention is intended, there was no method with regard to
recognizing in the service area of what wideband base station a
mobile radio station is located. As a result of there being no
method in existence for recognizing in the service area of what
wideband base station a mobile radio station is located, this being
essential to starting the provision of communication service, in a
system which included as a constituent element a mobile radio
station not having a wideband uplink radio channel, it was not
possible to start communication. In addition, even when in the
condition of providing service, it was not possible to maintain
service when the mobile radio station moves into the service area
of a different radio base station, that is, handover was not
possible.
In a radio communication system related to the thirty-first through
the thirty-ninth embodiment, as shown in the conceptual drawing of
FIG. 47 the above-noted mobile radio station 51 has an optimum
connection station interpreting means 61 which receives a signal
for the purpose of identifying the above-noted wideband radio base
station 52, notification of which is made from the above-noted
wideband radio base station 52 via a radio circuit, and which
interprets from this signal the wideband radio base station that is
suitable for connection, an optimum base station notification means
62, which gives notification to the above-noted server 56 of an
above-noted specific wideband radio base station 52 that is
suitable for connection to an above-noted mobile radio station, via
the above-noted narrowband radio base station 53, and a service
starting means 63, which starts the above-noted prescribed service
via the above-noted specific wideband radio base station 52 which
is judged to be suitable for connection with respect to the
above-noted mobile radio station.
In the case in which handover must be performed, in addition to the
above-noted means, a radio communication system related to the
thirty-first through the thirty-ninth embodiment of the present
invention has a means which, when the above-noted mobile radio
station receives the above-noted service via an above-noted
specific wideband radio base station, receives a signal for the
purpose of identifying the above-noted wideband radio base station,
notification of which is given via a radio circuit from a wideband
radio base station which is different from the above-noted specific
wideband radio station, and which interprets from this received
signal to which wideband radio base station should switching be
made, a means by which the above-noted mobile radio station
notifies the above-noted server via the above-noted narrowband
radio base station of a wideband radio base station which is
suitable as a switching destination, and a means by which the
above-noted server switches a connection with respect to the
above-noted mobile radio station, that connection is made via the
above-noted specified wideband radio base station, which is judged
to be suitable as a switching destination for connection, thereby
providing the above-noted prescribed service.
By virtue of adopting the above-noted constitution, a mobile radio
station that receives a signal for the purpose of identifying a
wideband radio base station, notification of which is given from a
wideband radio base station, can, by interpreting the received
signal, determine a wideband radio base station which is suitable
for connection. The mobile radio station uses the uplink radio
channel from the mobile radio circuit to the narrowband radio base
station to tell the narrowband radio base station to what wideband
radio base station it is connected. Because the narrowband radio
base station and server are connected via the network, it is
possible the narrowband radio base station can notify the server,
via the network, as to what wideband radio base station the mobile
radio station is connected. By doing this, even if there is no
uplink radio channel from the mobile radio station to the wideband
radio base station, it is possible for the mobile radio station to
have the server recognize to what wideband radio base station
connection is suitable, and the server is able to start the
provision of service to the mobile radio station via the wideband
radio base station that is judged suitable for connection.
In the condition of providing the prescribed service via one of the
wideband radio base stations, with regard to maintaining the
service in the case in which the mobile radio station moves to the
service area of a different wideband radio base station, according
to the present invention, a signal for the purpose of identifying a
wideband radio base station, notification of which is given via a
radio circuit from a wideband radio base station, and interpreting
that received signal, a judgment is made as to what wideband radio
base station suitable for connection switching should be made. The
mobile radio station notifies the server via the narrowband radio
base station of to what wideband radio base station suitable for
connection switching should be made. By doing this, because it is
possible to cause the server to recognize to what wideband radio
base station suitable for connection switching should be made, it
is possible for the server to continuing providing service by
switching via the wideband radio base station which was judged to
be uitable for connection.
First, a radio communication system for which the thirty-first
through the thirty-ninth embodiments were intended will be
described. FIG. 48 is a conceptual drawing which shows the
configuration of a system related to the present invention. In FIG.
48, the numeral 51 denotes a mobile radio station, 52 and 53 are
radio base stations, 56 is a server, and 57 is a network. The radio
base station 52 (this hereinafter being referred to as the wideband
radio base station 52) has a transmitting means for the purpose of
wideband information transmission. With respect to this, the radio
base station 53 (hereinafter referred to as the narrowband radio
base station 53) has a transmitting/receiving means for the purpose
of narrowband information transmission. The mobile radio station 51
is a terminal which performs information transmission with the
wideband radio base station 52 or the narrowband radio base station
53. The radio channel between the wideband radio base station 52
and the mobile radio station 51 is called the wideband radio
channel, and the radio channel between the narrowband radio base
station 53 and the mobile radio station 51 is called the narrowband
radio channel.
While in FIG. 48, as a convenience, a distinction is made between
the wideband radio base station 52 and the narrowband radio base
station 53, as shown in FIG. 49, it is also acceptable for a single
radio base station 58 to have both a transceiving means for the
purpose of narrowband information transmission and a transmission
means for the purpose of wideband information transmission. In this
case, although the cost of the relay base station 58 becomes high,
the total number of radio base stations in the system is reduced.
If there is a need to perform control between the transceiving
means for the purpose of narrowband information transmission and
the transmitting means for the purpose of wideband information
transmission, this control is made easy. What follows is a
description, using FIG. 48, of the thirty-first through
thirty-ninth embodiments of the present invention which, in which
the wideband relay base station 52 and the narrowband relay base
station 53 are separate radio base stations.
The thirty-first embodiment: The procedure for starting
communication will be described for the thirty-first embodiment for
the case in which the mobile radio station 51 is in the area shown
in FIG. 50A, that is, the case in which the mobile radio station 51
can connect to the wideband radio base station 52. FIG. 51 is the
most basic flowchart related to the thirty-first embodiment. At
step ST1, the mobile radio station 51 interprets in what wideband
relay base station 52's service area it is located. At step ST2,
the information interpreted at step ST1 is passed to the server 56
via the narrowband relay base station 53. By doing this, the server
56 can recognize in which wideband relay base station 52's service
area the mobile radio station 51 is located. At step ST3, service
is started to be provided with respect to the mobile radio station
51, via the wideband relay base station 52 which was interpreted at
step ST1. In actuality, when service is started to be provided, a
variety of procedures can be envisioned, based on the
above-described basic flowchart. FIG. 52 is one example. At step
ST11, the mobile radio station 51 interprets in what wideband relay
base station 52's service area it is located. At step ST12, a
judgment is made as to whether a user has made a service request.
In the case in which there is a service request from a user, flow
proceeds to step ST13, but if there is no request, step ST11 is
repeated. At step ST13, selection is made as to whether the
wideband downlink radio channel is to be used to receive service.
If the wideband downlink radio channel is to be used to receive
service, flow proceeds to step ST14, but if not, flow proceeds to
step ST16. At step ST14, the information interpreted at step ST11
is passed to the server 56 via the narrowband relay base station
53. At step ST15, the provision of service to the mobile radio
station 51 is started, via the wideband relay base station
interpreted at step ST11. If, however, at step ST13 the selection
was not to use the wideband downlink radio channel to receive
service, that is, if the selection was made to use the narrowband
downlink radio channel to receive service, at step ST16 the fact
that the mobile radio station 51 will use the narrowband downlink
radio channel to receive service is reported to the server 56. At
step ST17, service is begun to be provided to the mobile radio
station 51 via the narrowband radio base station 53.
In the above-noted thirty-first embodiment, although the example
shown is that in which at step ST13 the service is to be received
via the wideband radio channel, this being executed at step ST14,
if step ST14 is after step ST11, it is acceptable to execute this,
regardless of the existence or non-existence of a service request.
That is, even if there is no service request from a user, the
information interpreted at step ST11 may be passed to the server 56
via the narrowband radio base station 53. In this case, regardless
of whether there is a service request from a user, the server 56 is
able to tell which wideband radio base station 52 service area the
mobile radio station 51 is located. There is a sequence in which
only if step ST12 is executed before step ST11, that is, only in
the case in which there is a service request from a user. In this
case, if there is no request from a user, because the mobile radio
station 51 does not need to interpret in which wideband relay base
station 52 service area it is located, there is a reduction of
power consumption. For a further reduction in power consumption, it
is possible to switch off the power to the receiving means for
receiving wideband information.
Next the sequence diagram for the communication starting procedure
related to the first invention will be described, using FIG. 53.
The mobile radio station 51 receives from the wideband radio base
station 52 a signal 511 for the purpose of identifying the radio
base station, and from this signal is able to judge which relay
base station 52 service area it is located in. In this condition,
if a service request occurs, the user performs a dialup 511 of the
specific telephone number of the server 56, and a communication
circuit is secured from the mobile radio station 51 to the server
56, via the narrowband relay base station 53. After securing the
communication circuit from the mobile radio station 51 to the
server 56, the mobile radio station 51 sends to the server 56 a
data transmission request message 512 and a signal 513 for the
purpose of identifying a wideband relay base station 52 to which it
can be connected. The server 56 interprets the data request message
512 and the signal 513 sent from the user, and sends information
514 which the user has requested, via the wideband relay base
station 52 which is specified by the signal 513.
The thirty-second embodiment: The procedure for starting
communication will be described for the thirty-first embodiment for
the case in which the mobile radio station 51 is in the area shown
in FIG. 50B, that is, the case in which the mobile radio station 51
cannot connect to the wideband relay base station 52. FIG. 54 is
the most basic flowchart related to the thirty-second embodiment.
At step ST21, the mobile radio station 51 interprets that it is not
located in a wideband radio base station 52 service area. At step
ST22, the information that the base station 51 will use the
narrowband downlink radio channel is passed to the server 56 via
the narrowband relay base station 53. The provision of service to
the mobile radio station 51 is started, via the narrowband relay
base station 53. When the service is started, a variety of
procedures can be envisioned, based on the above-described basic
flowchart.
FIG. 55 is one example. At step ST31, the mobile radio station 51
interprets that it is not in a wideband radio base station 52
service area, that is, that it cannot connect to the wideband radio
base station 52. At step ST32, a judgment is made as to whether
there is a service request which used the narrowband downlink radio
channel. In the case in which there is a service request from a
user, flow proceeds to step ST33, and if there is no service
request, step ST31 is repeated. At step ST33, the mobile radio
station 51 passes the fact that it will use the narrowband radio
base station 53 to the server 56, via the narrowband radio base
station 53. At step ST34, the provision of service to the mobile
radio station 51 is started, via the narrowband radio base station
53. Although in the above-described embodiment, after an
interpretation is made that the mobile radio station 51 cannot
connect to the wideband radio base station 52, that is, after a
determination is made as to whether or not connection to the
wideband radio base station 52 can be made, the example shown is
that of making a judgment at step ST32 of whether there is a
service request from a user, it is possible, as shown in the
thirty-first embodiment, to execute the step ST31 after determining
whether there is a request from a user.
Next the sequence diagram for the communication starting procedure
related to the second invention will be described, using FIG. 56.
The mobile radio station 51 cannot receive from the wideband radio
base station 52 a signal 541 for the purpose of identifying the
radio base station. Even if it could receive it, the signal
strength is not great enough for the purpose of receiving the
service. Therefore, the mobile radio station 51 interprets this as
meaning that it is outside the service area of the wideband radio
base station. That is, the mobile radio station 51 recognizes that
it can only receive the service via the narrowband downlink radio
channel. In such a case as this, the user selects whether or not to
receive the service via the narrowband downlink radio channel. If
the service is to be received via the narrowband downlink radio
channel, the user performs a dialup 540 of the specific telephone
number of the server 56, and a communication circuit is secured via
the narrowband radio base station. After securing the communication
circuit from the mobile radio station 51 to the server 56, the
mobile radio station 51 sends a data transmission request message
542 and a signal 543, for the purpose of identifying the a
narrowband radio base station 53 to which connection can be made,
to the server. Usually, because the narrowband radio base station
53 used as the downlink radio channel is the same narrowband radio
base station 53 used as the uplink radio channel, the signal 543
may merely be only the information to inform the server 56 that the
wideband downlink radio channel cannot be used. The server 56
interprets the data transmission request message 542 and the signal
543 sent from the user, and sends the information 544 requested by
the user either via the narrowband radio base station 53 which is
specified by the signal 543, or via the uplink radio channel.
Next, the procedure with regard to handover in each of the
thirty-third to thirty-sixth embodiments will be described.
The handover which is handled by these embodiments is limited to a
handover that occurs in the case in which the mobile radio station
51 moves within the service area of a specific narrowband radio
base station 53. The reason for this is that, because the
narrowband radio base station 53 has uplink and downlink radio
channels, handover between narrowband radio base stations can be
adequately performed using the procedure of the past. Because the
procedure when starting communication was shown for the
thirty-first and thirty-second embodiments, the handover procedure
will be described from the condition of already providing service
in the thirty-third to thirty-six embodiments.
Thirty-third embodiment: The handover procedure will be described
for the case in which the mobile radio station 51 moves as shown in
FIG. 50C, that is, in the case in which the mobile radio station 51
is receiving service in the service area of the wideband radio base
station 52, and moves into the service area of a different wideband
radio base station 52.
FIG. 57 is the most basic flowchart related to this embodiment. At
step ST41, a judgment is made as to whether or not the mobile radio
station 51 can receive the a signal sent from a wideband radio base
station 52 different from the one from which service is being
provided. In the case in which receiving is possible, the mobile
radio station 51 interprets the destination wideband radio base
station 52 for handover, based on the results of a comparison of
the received signal field strength with the received signal field
strength of the signal sent from the wideband radio base station 52
which is currently providing service. Therefore, in the case in
which the field strength of the signal being sent by the wideband
radio base station 52 which is currently providing service is
sufficient, service continues and switching of the radio station is
not performed. The criterion for selecting whether or not switching
of the connection is to be done varies depending upon the
communication quality required by the service being provided. For
example, in the case of voice communication service, because the
required communication quality is not that high, even if movement
of the mobile radio station 51 is accompanied by a slight
deterioration in communication quality, However, in the case of
data communication service, because the required communication
quality is higher than in the case of voice communication service,
switching of the radio base station is done to assure the best
possible communication quality. At step ST42, the information
interpreted at step ST41 is passed to the server 56 via the
narrowband radio base station 53. By doing this, the server 56 is
able to recognize the destination wideband radio base station 52
for handover. At step ST43, switching of the connection is
performed so that service is provided via the wideband radio base
station which was judged to be the destination of the handover.
Next, the handover sequence diagram will be described, using FIG.
58. In the case in which the mobile radio station 51 moves as shown
in FIG. 50C, because the signal strength when receiving the
information data 565 transmitted from the wideband radio base
station 52 deteriorates, it becomes impossible to receive it
properly. Because the mobile radio station moves into the service
area of a different wideband radio base station, it can now receive
the signal 566 for the purpose of identifying a radio base station
notified from the other wideband radio base station, and it is
possible for it to make a judgment, from that received signal, of
what wideband radio base station 52 service area it has moved into.
The mobile radio station 51 makes a judgment of whether or not
handover should be done, based on the relationship of the received
field strengths of the information signal 565 and the signal 566.
If there is no need to perform handover, receiving of the
information data 565 continues as is.
In the case in which the need to perform handover arises, the
mobile radio station 51 sends a handover request message and a
signal 558, for the purpose of identifying the handover destination
wideband radio base station 52, to the server 56. When the server
56 interprets the handover request message and the signal 568, it
sends a circuit cutoff request message 569 to the wideband radio
base station which is current performing communication. After the
circuit is cut off, the server sends the information data 570 via
the wideband radio base station 52 which was specified by the
signal 568. By doing this, even in the case in which the service
area changes because of movement of the user, it is possible for
the user to continue receiving the service.
Thirty-fourth embodiment: The handover procedure for the
thirty-fourth embodiment will be described for the case in which
the mobile radio station 51 moves as shown in FIG. 50D, that is,
for the case in which the mobile radio station 51 is receiving
service in the service area of a wideband radio base station 52,
and moves outside the service area of the wideband radio base
station 52. Because the mobile radio station 51 moves outside the
service area, the received signal strength of the signal sent from
the wideband radio base station 52 which is currently providing
service deteriorates. Also, it is not possible for it to receive a
signal sent from a wideband radio base station 52 different from
the wideband radio base station 52 providing service. Therefore, at
step ST51, the mobile radio station 51 interprets that it cannot
connect to the wideband radio base station 52. At step ST52, the
mobile radio station 51 informs the server 56 via the narrowband
radio base station 53 that it cannot connect to the wideband radio
base station 52, that is, that it will use the narrowband radio
base station 53 for downlink channel transmission. At step ST53,
the server 56 switches the connection so that service in continued
via the narrowband radio base station 53.
In the above-described embodiment, the example provided was that of
the case in which the assumption was made that the mobile radio
station 51 could no longer connect to a wideband radio base station
52 and switching is made to connect via a narrowband radio base
station, it is possible to add a step after step ST51 which selects
either continued provision of service using the narrowband downlink
radio channel or stoppage of the provision of service. In the case
in which the selection of continued service is made, the flow
proceeds to step ST52. The case in which the service is to be
stopped is described in detail with regard to the thirty-fifth
embodiment.
Next, the sequence diagram for handover with relation to the
thirty-fourth embodiment will be described, using FIG. 60. In the
case in which the mobile radio station 51 moves as shown in FIG.
50D, because there is a deterioration in the received field
strength of the information data signal 585 which is sent from the
wideband radio base station, it is no longer possible to properly
receive the information. Because the mobile radio station 51 moves
outside the service area of the wideband radio base station 52, it
is not possible for it to receive the signal 586 which is for the
purpose of identifying a radio base station sent from different
wideband radio base station 52. Even it could receive it, it is not
possible to obtain a signal strength sufficient for the provision
of service. Therefore, the mobile radio station 51 interprets that
it is located outside the wideband radio base station 52 service
area. That is, it recognizes that it cannot receive service via a
narrowband downlink radio channel. For this reason, switching is
made to connect to a narrowband downlink radio channel to continue
the provision of service. The mobile radio station 51 sends to the
server 56 a handover request message 587 and a signal 588 for the
purpose of identifying the handover destination narrowband radio
base station 53.
Normally, because the narrowband radio base station 53 which is
used as the downlink radio channel is the same as the narrowband
radio base station 53 used as the uplink radio channel, the signal
588 may merely be only the information to inform the server 56 that
the wideband downlink radio channel cannot be used. When the server
56 interprets the handover request message, 587 and the signal 588,
it sends a circuit cutoff request message 589 to the wideband radio
base station 52 which is currently performing communication. After
the circuit is cut off, the server 56 sends the information 590
requested by the user, either via the narrowband radio base station
53 which was specified by the signal 588, or via the narrowband
radio base station 53 used on the uplink radio channel. By doing
this, even in the case in which the service area changes because of
movement of the user, it is possible for the user to continue
receiving the service.
Thirty-fifth embodiment: The circuit service stopping procedure,
that is, the circuit cutoff procedure will be described, using FIG.
61, for the case in which the mobile radio station 51 moves as
shown in FIG. 50E, that is, in the case in which the mobile radio
station 52 is receiving service inside the service area of a
wideband radio base station 52, and moves outside the service area
of the wideband radio base station 52.
Because the mobile radio station 51 moves outside the service area
of the wideband radio base station 52, there is a deterioration of
the received field strength of the signal sent from the wideband
radio base station 52 currently providing service. It is also
impossible to receive the signal sent from a wideband radio base
station other than the wideband radio base station currently
providing service. Therefore, at step ST61, the mobile radio
station interprets that it cannot connect to a wideband radio base
station. At step ST62, the mobile radio station 51 informs the
server 56 via the narrowband radio base station, that it cannot
connect to a wideband radio base station 52, that is, that the
provision of service is to be stopped. At step ST63, the server 56
performs a stoppage of the service being provided, and cuts off the
communication circuit from the wideband radio base station to the
mobile radio station 51. In the case in which, as in the
thirty-fourth embodiment, a step is added which selects either
continued provision of service using the narrowband downlink radio
channel or stoppage of the provision of service, this step follows
step ST61, and if stoppage of the service is selected at this step,
flow proceeds to step ST62.
Next, the sequence diagram for handover in the thirty-fifth
embodiment will be described, using FIG. 62. In the case in which
the mobile radio station 51 moves as shown in FIG. 50E, because the
signal strength when receiving the information data signal 605 sent
from the wideband radio base station 52 deteriorates, it is no
longer possible to receive it properly. Because the mobile radio
station 51 moves outside the service area of the wideband radio
base station 52, it cannot receive the signal 606 from another
wideband radio base station which is for the purpose of identifying
the radio base station. Even it could receive it, it is not
possible to obtain a signal strength sufficient for the provision
of service. Therefore, the mobile radio station 51 interprets that
it is located outside the wideband radio base station 52 service
area. That is, it recognizes that it cannot receive service via a
wideband downlink radio channel. For this reason, the stoppage of
the provision of service is executed. The mobile radio station 51
sends a communication cutoff request message 607 to the server 56.
When the server interprets the communication cutoff request message
607, it sends a circuit cutoff message 608 to the mobile radio
station 51, via the wideband radio base station 52 which is
currently performing communication. By doing this, it is possible
to quickly stop the service being provided, in accordance with the
wish of the user.
Thirty-sixth embodiment: The handover procedure will be explained
using FIG. 63, for the case in which the mobile radio station 51
moves as shown in FIG. 50E, that is, in the case in which the
mobile radio station 51 is outside the service area of a wideband
radio base station 52 and is receiving service using a narrowband
downlink radio channel and then moves into the service area of a
wideband radio base station 52.
Accompanying the movement of the mobile radio station 51, it
becomes possible to receive the signal from the wideband radio base
station 52 for the purpose of identifying the radio base station.
At step ST71, the mobile radio station 51 interprets that it has
moved to inside a service area of a wideband radio base station 52.
At step ST72, the information interpreted at step ST71 is passed to
the server 56, via the narrowband radio base station 53. By doing
this, it is possible for the server to recognize that the mobile
radio station 51 has moved to inside a service area of a wideband
radio base station 52. At step ST73, the connection is switched so
that it passes through the wideband radio base station 52
interpreted at step ST71, and the provision of service is
continued. Even in the case in which the mobile radio station 51 is
using the narrowband radio channel, it must always be waiting to
receive the signal which is sent by a wideband radio base station
52. The reason for this is that, when the service area of a
wideband radio base station 52 is entered, even if signal reception
via the narrowband radio base station is good, there are cases in
which handover is performed.
While in the above-noted embodiment, the example described is that
in which at step ST71, when the mobile radio station 51 interprets
that it has entered a service area of a wideband radio base station
52, a handover is performed immediately, it is also possible to add
a step by which the user selects whether or not to perform a
handover. The reason for this is that, as mentioned above, in the
case in which the receiving condition of the signal via the
narrowband radio base station 53 is not necessarily bad, for a
service such as voice communication which does not require
high-speed transmission, it is not necessary to perform handover.
There are three places this step can be added, each having the
following characteristics. First, if the above-noted step is added
following step ST72, regardless of whether or not a handover is
performed, the server 56 can recognize in which wideband radio base
station 52 service area the mobile radio station 51 is located.
Next, in the case in which the above-noted step is added following
step ST71, when handover is not performed, because the mobile radio
station 51 does not tell the server in which wideband radio base
station 52 service area it is located, there is a reduction in the
amount of traffic between the mobile radio station 51 and the
server 56. Finally, if the above-noted step is added before step
ST71, because it is not necessary for the mobile radio station 51
to interpret in which wideband radio base station 52 service area
it is located, there is a reduction in power consumption. In this
case, if the power supply to the receiving means for wideband
information transmission is switched off, there is a further
reduction in power consumption.
Next, the handover sequence diagram for the system of the
thirty-sixth embodiment will be described, using FIG. 64. In the
case in which the mobile radio station 51 moves as shown in FIG.
50E, the mobile radio station 51 becomes capable of receiving the
signal 625 from a wideband radio base station 52 for the purpose of
identifying the radio base station, and can make a judgment, based
on that received signal, at to what wideband radio base station 52
service area it has moved into. At this time, as described above,
the signal strength of the information data 624 signal received by
the mobile radio station 51 is not necessarily bad. Therefore,
whether or not a handover is performed depends on the wishes of the
user. It is also possible to establish beforehand whether or not a
handover is to be performed when entering the service area of a
wideband radio base station 52. If the setting is made so that a
handover is not performed, the mobile radio station 51 may switch
the power supply to the receiver for the purpose of receiving the
wideband information transmission to off. If a handover is not to
be performed when the mobile radio station enters the service area
of a wideband radio base station 52, reception of the information
data signal 624 via the narrowband radio base station 52 is
continued as is.
In the case of performing a handover, the mobile radio station 51
sends to the server 56 a handover request message 626 and a signal
627 for identifying the handover destination wideband radio base
station 52. When the server 56 interprets the handover request
message 626 and the signal 627, it sends a downlink radio channel
circuit cutoff message 628 to the narrowband radio base station 52.
After the circuit is cut off, the server 56 sends the information
data 629 via the wideband radio base station 52 which was specified
by the signal 627. By doing this, even in the case in which the
service area changes because of movement of the user, it is
possible for the user to continue receiving the service.
Thirty-seventh embodiment: A characteristic logical number is
allocated to the server 56. When a plurality of servers exist in a
network, a common number is allocated to all servers. When a user
wishes to receive service, the server 56 is called. The methods of
calling are the method of direct dialup by the user of the logical
number (FIG. 65A) and the method of the user selecting an SDL
service item which is displayed at the mobile radio station 51. The
SDL service is a service provided using an SDL system. In the case
of this method, a correspondence is established between SDL service
items and logical numbers, so that when a user selects an SDL
service item dialup is automatically performed. With either method,
when the call is made to the server 56, the first thing done is the
establishment of a communication circuit from the mobile radio
station 51 to the narrowband radio base station 53.
Next, the narrowband radio base station 53 makes a connection to
the server 56. In the case in which the network has only one server
56, a communication circuit is established from the narrowband
radio base station 53 to the server 56. In the case in which the
network has a plurality of servers 56, selection is made of the
server to which the narrowband radio base station 53 is to be
connected. There are four methods of making this selection.
The first method is that in which the narrrowband radio base
station 53 recognizes beforehand which server 56 it is to be
connected to, this server 56 always being selected. Normally, the
connected server is a server neighboring the narrrowband radio base
station 53. The second method is that in which a server 56 having a
light load is selected. In this method, the narrrowband radio base
station 53 monitors the load of the servers 56 and selects a server
56 having a light load. The third method is that in which the
server 56 is selected which has a light network load. This method
attempts to use a communication path on which there is little
traffic as the path between the narrrowband radio base station 53
and the server 56. The fourth method is that of combining at least
two of the above three methods. One example of doing this is for
the narrrowband radio base station 53 to monitor the server 56
loads, and to select from servers 56 having a load lower than a
given load the closest neighboring server 56 to the narrrowband
radio base station 53. After the server 56 is selected by means an
above-noted method, the communication circuit from the narrrowband
radio base station 53 to the server 56 is established, this being
used to establish a communication circuit from the mobile radio
station 51 to the server 56.
Thirty-eighth embodiment: As shown in FIG. 66, a specific logical
number is allocated to each service. The user make a call using the
logical number of the desired service. The methods of calling are
the method of direct dialup by the user of the logical number and
the method of the user selecting a service item which is displayed
at the mobile radio station 51. This method will be described as
the system related to the thirty-eighth embodiment. In the case of
this method, when the user selects the service, automatic dialup is
performed with respect to the corresponding logical number. With
either of the methods, when a call is made to the server 56, the
first thing that happens is that a communication circuit is
established from the mobile radio station 51 to the narrrowband
radio base station 53.
Next, the narrowband radio base station 53 makes a connection to
the server 56. In the case in which the network has only one server
56, a communication circuit is established from the narrowband
radio base station 53 to the server 56. In the case in which the
network has a plurality of servers 56, selection is made of the
server to which the narrowband radio base station 53 is to be
connected. Since the methods of selection are the same as for the
thirty-ninth embodiment, they will not be included here. When the
server 56 selection is performed, the communication circuit from
the narrrowband radio base station 53 to the server is established,
this being used to establish a communication circuit from the
mobile radio station 51 to the server 56.
Thirty-ninth embodiment: The mobile radio station 51 displays
whether it is possible to communicate with a radio base station.
Specifically, it displays both whether it can connect to a
narrrowband radio base station 53 and whether it can connect to a
wideband radio base station 52. The method of display includes the
method of displaying in step manner the signal strength each of the
base stations (FIG. 67A) and the method of displaying a two-value
state of communication possible or not possible (FIG. 67B). For the
purpose of the above-noted display, the mobile radio station 51 has
both a means of measuring the received field strength when
receiving a signal transmitted from a wideband radio base station
52 and displaying the results of this measurement in a form which a
human can recognize, and a means of measuring the received field
strength when receiving a signal transmitted from a narrowband
radio base station 53 and displaying the results of this
measurement in a form which a human can recognize.
According to the thirty-ninth embodiment, it is possible to
recognize what kind of service the user is receiving. That is, the
user receives service via a narrowband downlink radio channel, and
the user can recognize the condition in which it is not possible to
receive service via a wideband downlink radio channel, the
condition in which it is possible to receive service via a wideband
downlink radio channel, and the like. Therefore, in the case, for
example, in which the user is located in a wideband radio base
station 52 service area, it is possible for the user to select,
based on his or her wishes, whether to not receive service at this
point, but to receive high-speed radio transmission service which
uses a wideband downlink radio channel after moving into a wideband
radio base station 52 service area, or to receive low-speed radio
transmission service via a narrowband downlink radio channel at
this point. The two steps related to the signal transmitted from
the wideband radio base station 52 (when the mobile radio station
51 receives a first signal from a wideband radio base station 52
via a radio circuit, the step of measuring the receive field
strength of the first signal, and the step of displaying the
received field strength of the first signal in a form recognizable
by a human being) and the two steps related to the signal
transmitted from the narrrowband radio base station 53 (when the
mobile radio station 51 receives a second signal from a narrowband
radio base station 53 via a radio circuit, the step of measuring
the receive field strength of the second signal, and the step of
displaying the received field strength of the second signal in a
form recognizable by a human being) are each individual steps.
Therefore, a method can be envisioned in which, in the case in
which the fact that the user is not to receive high-speed
transmission service via the wideband radio base station 52 is set
beforehand, the two steps related to the signal transmitted from
the wideband radio base station 52 are not performed. In this case,
it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the mobile radio
station 51.
As described above, according to the thirty-first to the
thirty-ninth embodiments of the present invention, even in a system
which included as a constituent element a mobile radio station not
having a wideband uplink radio, such as in an SDL system, it is
possible for the server to recognize to which wideband radio base
station connection is possible, and to provide service. Even if,
accompanying movement of a mobile radio station, it becomes
necessary to perform a handover, it is possible for the server to
recognize the destination wideband radio base station for the
handover, thereby enabling continued provision of service.
FIG. 68 shows, in the same manner as FIG. 45, a radio communication
system of the fortieth embodiment, this being formed by a PHS base
station, a cable network, and an SDL-Net. It differs with respect
to FIG. 45 in that fact that there is no PHS receiver provided in
the SDL-Net base station, and also in that there is no reference
oscillator in the network. As in FIG. 46, the SDL-Net base station
exists within the PHS service area. For this reason, by inputting
the signal received by the PHS receiver to a synchronization
circuit, it is possible to establish synchronization between the
PHS and the SDL-Net clock.
FIG. 69 shows the overall configuration of the forty-first
embodiment, in which a radio communication system related to the
present invention is applied. A plurality of base stations BS which
have prescribed service areas and a plurality of databases and
communication satellites CS are connected via a network.
* * * * *