U.S. patent number RE42,804 [Application Number 12/187,610] was granted by the patent office on 2011-10-04 for injector systems and syringe adapters for use therewith.
This patent grant is currently assigned to MEDRAD, Inc.. Invention is credited to James Albert Dedig, John A. Haury, Thomas P. Joyce, Michael A. Spohn.
United States Patent |
RE42,804 |
Dedig , et al. |
October 4, 2011 |
Injector systems and syringe adapters for use therewith
Abstract
An adapter includes a syringe carrier adapted to seat at least a
portion of the syringe. The syringe carrier includes at least one
rearward facing abutmer member to abut at least one forward facing
surface on a syringe. The syringe carrie includes an opening
therein to allow a drive member of an injector to communicate
forward force to the plunger through abutment without connective
engagement between the drive member and the plunger. The adapter
further includes a releasable mounting mechanism positioned to the
rear of the syringe carrier to mount the adapter in a desired
position relative to the front wall of the injector. An adapter
includes a first section and a second section that are rotatable
relative to each other about a hinge axis generally perpendicular
to a longitudinal axis of the adapter. An adapter includes a first
section and a second section that are generally the same in
construction, the first section and the section being connectable
to form a syringe carrier to seat at least a portion of the
syringe.
Inventors: |
Dedig; James Albert
(Pittsburgh, PA), Joyce; Thomas P. (Wilkins Township,
PA), Spohn; Michael A. (Butler, PA), Haury; John A.
(Sewickley, PA) |
Assignee: |
MEDRAD, Inc. (Indianola,
PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23438239 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/187,610 |
Filed: |
August 7, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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09365285 |
Jul 30, 1999 |
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Reissue of: |
09633299 |
Aug 8, 2000 |
6726657 |
Apr 27, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
604/152;
604/131 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/14566 (20130101); A61M 5/1456 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
1/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;604/151-154,67,65,131,118,189 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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0346950 |
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Dec 1989 |
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EP |
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0561122 |
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Sep 1993 |
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EP |
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0567186 |
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Oct 1993 |
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EP |
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9-122234 |
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May 1991 |
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JP |
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8-336592 |
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Dec 1996 |
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JP |
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WO95/20410 |
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Mar 1995 |
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WO |
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WO95/26211 |
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Oct 1995 |
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WO |
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WO97/36635 |
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Sep 1997 |
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WO |
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99/10032 |
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Mar 1999 |
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WO |
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01/08727 |
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Feb 2001 |
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WO |
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Other References
Liebel-Flarsheim Company, Angiomat 6000 Digital Injection System
Operator's Manual, 600950 Rev.1 (1990), pp. 3-6 to 3-8, 4-52 to
4-56. cited by other .
Liebel-Flarsheim Company, Angiomat 6000 Contrast Delivery System
Brochure (1992). cited by other .
Drawing of Dual Flange Injector Head (publicly disclosed in Jul.
1995). cited by other .
Medrad MCT/MCT Plus Operation Manual, KMP 810P Revision B (1991),
pp. 4-18 to 4-22 and 6-1 to 6-13. cited by other .
Liebel-Flarsheim Company, Angiomat CT Digital Injection System
Operator's Manual, 600964 (1990), pp. 1-3 to 1-4, 3-7 to 3-9, 4-37
to 4-39. cited by other .
Liebel-Flarsheim Company, Angiomat CT Digital Injection System
Operator's Manual, 600964 Rev. A (1991) pp. 1-5, 3-12, 4-48 to
4-51. cited by other .
Liebel-Flarsheim Company, CT 9000 ADV Digital Injection System
Manual 800961-B, Feb. 1998 pp. 1-4 to 1-16. cited by other .
International Search Report for Counterpart PCT Application No.
PCT/US 00/20623. cited by other .
Plaintiff's, Tyco Healthcare Group LP, Mallinckrodt Inc., and
Liebel-Flarsheim Company, Second Supplemental Preliminary
Invalidity Contentions filed Dec. 11, 2006. cited by other .
Plaintiff's, Tyco Healthcare Group LP, Mallinckrodt Inc., and
Liebel-Flarsheim Company, Supplemental Preliminary Invalidity
Contentions filed Mar. 3, 2006. cited by other .
Defendant Medrad, Inc.'s Second Amended Answer and Counterclaims
filed Jan. 5, 2006. cited by other .
Plaintiff's Reply to Defendant's Second Amended Counterclaims filed
Jan. 27, 2006. cited by other .
Medrad, Inc.'s Reply to Plaintiff's Counterclaims filed Feb. 16,
2006. cited by other .
Japanese Sonic Shot 50 Operations Manual (1998). cited by other
.
Mallinckrodt's Optistar MR Digital Injection System,Operator's
Manual 801900-A (Nov. 1999). cited by other.
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Primary Examiner: Mendez; Manuel A
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schramm; David
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a continuation-in-part application of
pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/365,285 filed Jul. 30,
1999, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An adapter for releasably attaching a syringe to an injector,
wherein the syringe comprises a body, a cone region attached to a
forward end of the body and a plunger slideably positioned within
the body, and wherein the injector comprises a front wall, an
opening formed in the front wall, and a drive member reciprocally
mounted in the injector, the adapter comprising: a mounting
mechanism positioned at a rear of the adapter to mount the adapter
in a desired position relative to the front wall of the injector;
and a syringe carrier section associated with the mounting
mechanism and adapted to seat at least a portion of the syringe,
the syringe carrier section defining an opening along a top length
thereof to allow placement of the syringe therein from the top, a
forward portion of the syringe carrier section comprising two
substantially opposed, linear shoulder portions each having first
and second ends, the first ends of the shoulder portions being
connected by a substantially arcuate member and the second ends of
the shoulder portions cooperating to define an opening
therebetween, the opposed shoulder portions abutting the cone
region of the syringe so that the force exerted by the syringe on
the adapter during an injection is generally symmetrical about an
axis of the adapter, thereby reducing any bending moment about the
mounting mechanism, the syringe carrier section further comprising
a rear section defining an opening therein to allow the drive
member of the injector to provide forward force to the plunger.
2. The adapter of claim 1 wherein the two substantially opposed
shoulder portions are positioned on a first lateral side and a
second lateral side, respectively, of the syringe carrier
section.
3. The adapter of claim 1 wherein the forward portion of the
syringe carrier section further comprises a rib member to
strengthen the syringe carrier section.
4. The adapter of claim 1, further comprising an intermediate
section operably connected to and disposed between the syringe
carrier section and the mounting mechanism.
5. The adapter of claim 4 wherein the syringe carrier section is
removably or movably connected to the intermediate section.
6. The adapter of claim 5 wherein the syringe carrier section and
the intermediate section are movably connected via pin joints.
7. The adapter of claim 5, further comprising a locking member
adapted to lock the syringe carrier section in a closed
position.
8. The adapter of claim 4, further comprising a push rod at least
partially disposed within the intermediate section for engaging the
plunger of the syringe.
9. The adapter of claim 1 wherein the syringe carrier section
further comprises a retaining member for retaining the syringe
within the syringe carrier section.
10. The adapter of claim 1, further comprising a biasing retaining
section operably associated with the syringe carrier section, the
biasing retaining section comprising at least one flexible
retaining member adapted to engage the syringe body to secure the
syringe within the adapter.
11. The adapter of claim 10 wherein the at least one flexible
retaining member comprises two retaining members.
12. The adapter of claim 10 wherein the biasing retaining section
is removably connected to the syringe carrier section.
13. The adapter of claim 1 wherein the syringe carrier section
further comprises at least one flexible retaining member adapted to
engage the syringe body to secure the syringe within the
adapter.
14. The adapter of claim 13 wherein the at least one flexible
retaining member comprises two retaining members.
15. An adapter for releasably attaching a syringe to an injector,
wherein the syringe comprises a body, a cone region attached to a
forward end of the body and a plunger slideably positioned within
the body, and wherein the injector comprises a front wall, an
opening formed in the front wall, and a drive member reciprocally
mounted in the injector, the adapter comprising: an intermediate
section defining a passage within which a push rod can move to
communicate force from the injector drive member to the plunger, a
mounting mechanism positioned at a rear end of the intermediate
section to mount the adapter in a desired position relative to the
front wall of the injector; and a syringe carrier section hingedly
connected to a front end of the intermediate section and being
adapted to seat at least a portion of the syringe, the syringe
carrier section defining a first opening in a rear section thereof
to allow the drive member of the injector to communicate forward
force to the plunger via the push rod, the syringe carrier section
defining a second opening on a top thereof, a forward portion of
the syringe carrier section abutting the cone region of the syringe
during injection, the syringe carrier section being rotatable
relative to the intermediate section to move the forward portion of
the syringe carrier section out of contact with the cone region of
the syringe to enable removal of the syringe from the adapter
without retraction of the drive member.
16. The adapter of claim 15 wherein the forward portion of the
syringe carrier section comprises two substantially opposed
shoulder portions, the opposed shoulder portions abutting the cone
region of the syringe so that the force exerted by the syringe on
the adapter during an injection is generally symmetrical about an
axis of the adapter, thereby reducing any bending moment about the
mounting mechanism.
17. The adapter of claim 16 wherein the two substantially opposed
shoulder portions are positioned on a first lateral side and a
second lateral side, respectively, of the syringe carrier
section.
18. The adapter of claim 15 wherein the forward portion of the
syringe carrier section further comprises a rib member to
strengthen the syringe carrier section.
19. The adapter of claim 15, further comprising a locking member
adapted to lock the syringe carrier section in a closed
position.
20. The adapter of claim 15 wherein the syringe carrier section
further comprises a retaining member for retaining the syringe
within the syringe carrier section.
21. The adapter of claim 15, further comprising a biasing retaining
section operably associated with the syringe carrier section, the
biasing retaining section comprising at least one flexible
retaining member adapted to engage the syringe body to secure the
syringe within the adapter.
22. The adapter of claim 21 wherein the at least one flexible
retaining member comprises two retaining members.
23. The adapter of claim 21 wherein the biasing retaining section
is removably connected to the syringe carrier section.
24. The adapter of claim 15 wherein the syringe carrier section
further comprises at least one flexible retaining member adapted to
engage the syringe body to secure the syringe within the
adapter.
25. The adapter of claim 24 wherein the at least one flexible
retaining member comprises two retaining members.
26. An adapter for releasably attaching a syringe to an injector,
wherein the syringe comprises a body, a cone region attached to a
forward end of the body and a plunger slideably positioned within
the body, and wherein the injector comprises a front wall, an
opening formed in the front wall, and a drive member reciprocally
mounted in the injector, the adapter comprising: a mounting
mechanism positioned at a rear of the adapter to mount the adapter
in a desired position relative to the front wall of the injector;
and a syringe carrier section adapted to seat at least a portion of
the syringe, the syringe carrier section defining an opening on a
top thereof to allow placement of the syringe therein from the top,
the syringe carrier section comprising an outer wall and at least
one flexing retaining member disposed inward from the outer wall,
the flexing retaining member adapted to place pressure on at least
one side of the syringe to retain the syringe within the syringe
carrier section, the syringe carrier section further comprising an
opening in a rear section thereof to allow the drive member of the
injector to communicate forward force to the plunger.
27. The adapter of claim 26 wherein a forward portion of the
syringe carrier section comprises two substantially opposed
shoulder portions, the opposed shoulder portions abutting the cone
region of the syringe so that the force exerted by the syringe on
the adapter during an injection is generally symmetrical about an
axis of the adapter, thereby reducing any bending moment about the
mounting mechanism.
28. The adapter of claim 27 wherein the two substantially opposed
shoulder portions are positioned on a first lateral side and a
second lateral side, respectively, of the syringe carrier
section.
29. The adapter of claim 27 wherein the forward portion of the
syringe carrier section further comprises a rib member to
strengthen the syringe carrier section.
30. The adapter of claim 26, further comprising an intermediate
section operably connected to and disposed between the syringe
carrier section and the mounting mechanism.
31. The adapter of claim 30, further comprising a push rod at least
partially disposed within the intermediate section for engaging the
plunger of the syringe.
32. The adapter of claim 30, wherein the syringe carrier section is
removably or movably connected to the intermediate section.
33. The adapter of claim 32, wherein the syringe carrier section
and the intermediate section are movably connected via pin
joints.
34. The adapter of claim 32 further comprising a locking member
adapted to lock the syringe carrier section in a closed
position.
35. The adapter of claim 26 wherein the at least one flexing
retaining member comprises two retaining members.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to powered injector systems and
syringe adapters for use therewith.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A number of injector-actuated syringes and powered injectors for
use in medical procedures such as angiography, computed tomography,
ultrasound and NMRIMRI have been developed. U.S. Pat. No.
4,006,736, for example, discloses an injector and syringe for
injecting fluid into the vascular system of a human being or an
animal. Typically, such injectors comprise drive members such as
pistons that connect to a syringe plunger. For example, U.S. Pat.
No. 4,677,980, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by
reference, discloses an angiographic injector and syringe wherein
the drive member of the injector can be connected to, or
disconnected from, the syringe plunger at any point along the
travel path of the plunger via a releasable mechanism. A
front-loading syringe and injector system is also disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,383,858, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein
by reference.
As discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,858, a syringe used with a
front-loading injector preferably includes a readily releasable
mounting mechanism for securing the syringe to the front wall of
the injector. The use of specifically designed mounting mechanisms,
however, prevents the use of syringes of other various types with
front-loading injectors. Such syringes may, for example, include a
syringe body, a plunger reciprocally mounted therein, and a plunger
extension for transfer of force to the plunger.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,653, the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference, discloses several adapters designed to allow
the use of various syringes with a front-loading injector. In one
embodiment, the adapter of U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,653 includes a
syringe carrier having a front end, a rear end, and syringe
retaining channel located between the carrier front and rear ends
for engaging at least a portion of the syringe flange. Mounting
flanges near the rearward end of the carrier lo releasably mount
the carrier in a desired position relative to the front wall of the
injector. The adapter of U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,653 further includes a
follower reciprocally mounted within the carrier. The follower has
a front end that engages the syringe plunger extension when the
syringe is installed in the carrier. A drive head opening in the
carrier communicates with a pair of drive head slots positioned
near the rear end of the follower for releasably mounting the
follower in a desired position relative to the drive head of the
injector.
Although U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,653 is a substantial improvement in
the art, it remains desirable to develop improved adapters for use
with syringes of various types to permit use of such syringes with
front-loading injectors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In general, the present invention provides an adapter for
releasably mounting a syringe in a desired position relative to a
front-loading powered injector. The syringe includes a body and a
plunger slideably positioned within the body. The injector includes
a front wall, an opening formed in the front wall, and a drive
member reciprocally mounted in the injector. The adapter preferably
includes generally a syringe carrier adapted to seat at least a
portion of the syringe. The syringe carrier includes at least one
rearward facing abutment member to abut at least one forward facing
surface on the syringe. The syringe carrier includes an opening
therein to allow the drive member of the injector to communicate
forward force to the plunger through abutment without connective
engagement between the drive member and the plunger. The adapter
further includes a releasable mounting mechanism positioned to the
rear of the syringe carrier to mount the adapter in a desired
position relative to the front wall of the injector.
The syringe may further include a transition region over which the
radius or width of the syringe decreases (for example, a generally
frusto-conical region) attached to a forward end of the body. The
abutment member may abut a forward facing surface created by the
transition region. Preferably, the abutment member abuts the
transition region only in the vicinity of the transition from the
body to the generally frusto-conical region (for example, at to the
outer edge of the transition region).
The syringe may further include a syringe flange attached to a
rearward end of the body of the syringe. The abutment member may
abut a forward facing surface of the syringe flange. Preferably,
the abutment member abuts the syringe flange only in the vicinity
of the transition from the body to the syringe flange.
In one embodiment, the adapter includes a first section and a
second section rotatable relative to each other about a hinge axis
generally perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the adapter. The
first section and the second section are preferably rotatable about
the hinge axis to an open position to allow loading of the syringe
into the adapter from a position to the rear of the hinge axis. The
first section and the second section are also preferably rotatable
about the hinge axis to a closed position to form the syringe
carrier.
In another embodiment, the adapter includes a first section and a
second section that are generally the same in construction. The
first section and the second section are connectable to form the
syringe carrier and the releasable mounting mechanism.
The present invention also provides an adapter for releasably
mounting a syringe in a desired position relative to a powered
injector. The syringe preferably includes a body and a plunger
slideably positioned within the body as discussed above. The
injector preferably includes a front wall, an opening formed in the
front wall, and a drive member reciprocally mounted in the
injector. The adapter includes a first section and a second section
that are rotatable relative to each other about a hinge axis
generally perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the adapter to an
open position to allow loading of the syringe into the adapter from
a position to the rear of the hinge axis. The first section and the
second section are also preferably rotatable about the hinge axis
to a closed position to form a syringe carrier to seat at least a
portion of the syringe.
The present invention also provides an adapter for releasably
mounting a syringe in a desired position relative to a powered
injector. The adapter preferably includes a first section and a
second section that are of generally the same in construction. The
first section and the section are connectable to form a syringe
carrier to seat at least a portion of the syringe. Preferably, the
first section and the section also form a releasable mounting
mechanism positioned to the rear of the syringe carrier to mount
the adapter in a desired position relative to the front wall of the
injector.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an adapter for
releasably attaching a syringe to a front-loading powered injector
including a releasable mounting mechanism positioned at a rear of
the adapter to mount the adapter in a desired position relative to
the front wall of the injector. The adapter also includes a syringe
carrier section adapted to seat at least a portion of the syringe.
The syringe carrier section is preferably open along the length of
the top thereof to allow placement of the syringe therein from the
top. A portion of the syringe carrier section abuts the transition
region of the syringe in a manner that the force exerted by the
syringe on the adapter is generally symmetrical about an axis of
the adapter during an injection, thereby reducing any bending
moment about the mounting mechanism. The syringe carrier section
also includes an opening in a rear section thereof to allow the
drive member of the injector to communicate forward force to the
syringe plunger. The portion of the syringe carrier section
abutting the transition region of the syringe can, for example,
include a first abutment surface positioned on a first lateral side
of the syringe carrier section and a second abutment surface
positioned on a second lateral side of the carrier section.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an adapter for
releasably attaching a syringe to a front-loading powered injector
including an intermediate section through which a push rod can pass
to communicate force from the injector drive member to the plunger.
The intermediate section has a releasable mounting mechanism
positioned at a rear thereof to mount the adapter in a desired
position relative to the front wall of the injector. The adapter
also includes a syringe carrier section connected to the
intermediate section. The syringe carrier section is adapted to
seat at least a portion of the syringe and includes an opening in a
rear section thereof to allow the drive member of the injector to
communicate forward force to the plunger via the push rod.
The syringe carrier section is preferably open on a top thereof. A
forward portion of the syringe carrier section abuts the transition
region of the syringe during injection. The syringe carrier section
is movable relative to the intermediate section to move the forward
portion out of contact with the transition region of the syringe to
enable removal of the syringe without retraction of the drive
member. In one aspect, for example, the carrier section is
connected to the intermediate section in a hinging manner.
In another aspect, an adapter system of the present invention
includes an intermediate section having a releasable mounting
mechanism positioned at a rear thereof as described above. The
adapter system also includes a syringe carrier section connected to
the intermediate section and adapted to seat at least a portion of
the syringe. The syringe carrier section includes an opening in a
rear section thereof to allow the drive member of the injector to
communicate forward force to the plunger from the drive member and
is preferably open on a top thereof. A forward portion of the
syringe carrier section abuts the transition region of the syringe
during an injection procedure. The adapter system further includes
a push rod used to communicate force from the injector drive member
to the plunger. The pushrod has a forward section that is movable
relative to a rearward section of the pushrod to allow movement of
the transition region of the syringe out of contact with the
forward portion of the syringe carrier section to enable removal of
the syringe from the adapter without retraction of the drive
member. The forward section of the push rod can, for example, be
rotatable, hingeable or removable relative to the rearward section
of the push rod.
Another adapter system of the present invention includes a
releasable mounting mechanism positioned at a rear of the adapter
to mount the adapter in a desired position relative to the front
wall of the injector as described above and a pushrod to
communicate force from the drive member to the plunger. The adapter
system also includes a syringe carrier section adapted to seat at
least a portion of the syringe. The syringe carrier section
includes an opening in a rear section thereof to allow passage of
the pushrod therethrough to contact to the plunger. The adapter
system further includes a contact member preferably positioned in
the syringe carrier section to contact the pushrod and prevent a
fluid from the syringe from passing rearward of the sealing member.
The contact member can, for example, include a wiper seal.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an adapter
including a releasable mounting mechanism and a syringe carrier
section adapted to seat at least a portion of the syringe. The
syringe carrier section is preferably open on a top thereof to
allow placement of the syringe therein or removal of the syringe
therefrom from the top. The syringe carrier section includes at
least one flexing retainer therein to place pressure on at least
one side of the syringe to retain the syringe within the syringe
carrier section, The syringe carrier section further includes an
opening in a rear section thereof to allow the drive member of the
injector to communicate forward force to the plunger.
In still a further aspect, the present invention provides an
adapter for releasably attaching a syringe to a front-loading
powered injector including a releasable mounting mechanism as
described above and a syringe carrier section adapted to seat at
least a portion of the syringe. A forward abutment portion of the
syringe carrier section abuts the transition region of the syringe.
The syringe carrier section includes a biasing member to contact a
rear surface of the syringe. The biasing member forces or biases
the transition region of the syringe against the forward abutment
portion for syringes of various lengths. The biasing member can,
for example, be biased forward by a spring. The biasing member can
also, for example, be biased forward by flexible member on a rear
side thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other aspects of the invention and their advantages will be
discerned from the following detailed description when read in
connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A illustrates an embodiment of an injector system of the
present invention for use in connection with an MRI procedure.
FIG. 1B illustrates the injector system of FIG. 1A in which the
saline syringe and the adapter have been disassembled from the
injector.
FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an
adapter of the present invention in an open state for loading of a
syringe therein.
FIG. 2B illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 2A in
an open state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 2A in
a closed state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 2D illustrates a plan view of the adapter of FIG. 2A in a
closed state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 2E illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of the adapter of
FIG. 2A in a closed state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 3A illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an
adapter of the present invention in an open state for loading of a
syringe therein.
FIG. 3B illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 3A in
an open state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 3C illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 3A in
a closed state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 3D illustrates a plan view of the adapter of FIG. 3A in a
closed state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 3E illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of the adapter of
FIG. 3A in a closed state with a syringe loaded therein.
FIG. 4A illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an
adapter of the present invention with a syringe positioned to be
inserted therein.
FIG. 4B illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 4A
with the syringe positioned therein.
FIG. 4C illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 4A
wherein a syringe retaining member is in a closed position.
FIG. 4D illustrates a perspective view of an adapter including
another embodiment of a syringe retaining member.
FIG. 4E illustrates a perspective view of an adapter including
another embodiment of a syringe retaining member.
FIG. 4F illustrates a perspective view of an adapter including
another embodiment of a syringe retaining member.
FIG. 4G illustrates a perspective view of an adapter including
another embodiment of a syringe retaining member.
FIG. 4H illustrates a perspective view of an adapter including
another embodiment of a syringe retaining member.
FIG. 41 illustrates a perspective view of an adapter including
another embodiment of a syringe retaining member.
FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an
adapter including separate, generally identical sections in an
unconnected state.
FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 5A in
a connected state.
FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an
adapter including generally identical sections that are hingingly
attached via a side wall thereof.
FIG. 6B illustrates a front view of the adapter of FIG. 6A in an
open state.
FIG. 6C illustrates a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 6A in
a closed state.
FIG. 7A illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an
adapter including generally identical sections that are attached at
a front end thereof in an open state.
FIG. 7B illustrates the adapter of FIG. 7A with a syringe loaded
therein.
FIG. 7C illustrates the adapter of FIG. 7A wherein the sections
thereof have been hingingly closed for connection of the adapter to
an injector.
FIG. 8A illustrates a perspective view of a portion of an injector
having at least one removable face plate for attachment of a
syringe or an adapter thereto.
FIG. 8B illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an
adapter for use with the injector of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 8C illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an
adapter for use with the injector of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 8D illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an
adapter for use with the injector of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 8E illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an
adapter for use with the injector of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an
adapter assembly or system in which a push rod performs the
function of a syringe plunger extension rod.
FIG. 9B illustrates a perspective view of the adapter assembly of
FIG. 9A in a disconnected state.
FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the adapter assembly
of FIG. 9A.
FIG. 10A illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an
adapter assembly or system in which the carrier section hinges with
respect to the intermediate section to allow removal of the syringe
after an injection procedure without retraction of the injector
drive member.
FIG. 10B illustrates an expanded perspective view of the forward
portion of the carrier section.
FIG. 10C illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a
syringe retainer for use in the adapter system.
FIG. 10D illustrates a front cross-sectional view of the syringe
retainer of FIG. 10C.
FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of an adapter system in
which the push rod hinges to allow removal of the syringe after an
injection procedure without retraction of the injector drive
member.
FIG. 12A illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an
adapter assembly in a disconnected state including a contact or
sealing member for removing injection fluids from a push rod.
FIG. 12B illustrates a perspective view of the adapter assembly
similar to the adapter assembly of FIG. 12A in a connected
state.
FIG. 13A illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an
adapter assembly including a biasing member to bias the syringe
forward within the carrier section.
FIG. 13B illustrates a perspective view of the adapter assembly of
FIG. 13A in a disconnected state.
FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a
biasing member to bias the syringe forward within the carrier
section.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a front-loading injector system 5 of the present
invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B. Injector system 5 is
particularly adapted for use in MRI procedures and includes a
powered injector 10, a syringe 20 for injection of saline solution
and an adapter 100. An example of an injector 10 suitable for use
in the present invention is the SPECTRIS.RTM. injector available
from Medrad, Inc. of Indianola, Penn. However, the present
invention may be used in connection with other fluid delivery
systems, including injectors and infusion pumps for computed
tomography, ultrasound and angiographic procedures. As best
illustrated in FIG. 1B, injector housing 30 of injector 10
preferably includes a first drive member or piston 40 therein which
cooperates with a syringe plunger 50 in saline syringe 20 to inject
a saline solution from the interior of syringe 20 into a
patient.
As shown in FIGS. 1B, injector 10 also includes a second drive
member or piston 40' that cooperates with an adapter 100 and a
syringe plunger extension rod 220 of a syringe 200 (see, for
example, FIG. 2A) containing a fluid such as a contrast medium to
inject the fluid from the interior of syringe 200 into a
patient.
As used herein to describe injection system 5 and other embodiments
of the present invention, the terms "axial" or "axially" refer
generally to, for example, an axis A around which adapter 100 is
preferably formed (although not necessarily symmetrically
therearound) or an axis B around which saline syringe 20 is formed
(although not necessarily symmetrically therearound). The terms
"proximal" or "rearward" refer generally to an axial or a
longitudinal direction toward the end of injector housing 30
opposite the end to which syringe 20 and adapter 100 are mounted.
The terms "distal" or "forward" refer generally to an axial or a
longitudinal direction toward a syringe tip of syringe 20 or
syringe 200. The term "radial" refers generally to a direction
normal to an axis such as axis A or axis B.
Saline syringe 20 and adapter 100 are preferably removably
connected to injector 10 as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,858.
In that regard, front-loading injector 10 preferably includes a
front wall 60 having a first opening 62 formed therein. Piston 40
is reciprocally mounted within injector 10 and is extendible
through opening 62. Piston 40 preferably includes a piston flange
or head 44. Receiving slots 66a and 66b, are preferably positioned
opposite one another around opening 62. Receiving flanges 68a and
68b are preferably positioned opposite one another and between
receiving slots 66a and 66b and extend inwardly into opening
62.
The rearward end of saline syringe 20 preferably includes a readily
releasable mounting mechanism such as a pair of mounting flanges
22a and 22b for mounting saline syringe 20 in a desired position
relative to the front wall 60 of injector 10. Flange 22b is not
shown but is generally identical to flange 22a and positioned
opposite flange 22a. Mounting flanges 22a and 22b may include
indicating means, such as detent(s), bar code(s), protrusion(s) or
notch(es) 24a, which provide information to the injector 10, for
example, about the type of saline syringe 20 being used.
Correspondingly, injector 10 preferably includes any suitable means
(not shown) for reading information from notch(es) 24a.
To attach syringe 20 to injector 10, the rearward end of syringe 20
is inserted into injector opening 62 such that mounting flanges 22a
and 22b are inserted into receiving slots 66a and 66b,
respectively. If, at this time, plunger 40 is not positioned at the
rearward end of syringe 20 such that a piston flange 44 can engage
capture members 54 (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,858),
piston 40 may be advanced forward by the operation of injector 10
until piston flange 44 is in position to be received by capture
members 54.
Once mounting flanges 22a and 22b are inserted into receiving slots
66a and 66b, respectively, and piston 40 is in position to be
received by capture members 54, the operator preferably rotates
syringe 20 approximately 90 degrees such that mounting flanges 22a
and 22b move behind and are engaged by receiving flanges 68a and
68b, respectively, and piston flange 44 rotates into position to be
retained by, for example, L-shaped capture members 54. Injector 10
may include a stop mechanism (not shown), for example, extending
from at least one of the retaining slots 68a and 68b, to prevent
rotation of syringe 20 more than 90 degrees. Tactile, visual or
audible feedback can be provided to the operator via, for example,
cooperating members on syringe 20 and injector 10 to inform the
operator that secure connection has been achieved. After securely
attaching syringe 20 to injector 10, advancing piston 40 in a
forward direction will apply a motive force to plunger 50 to
advance plunger 50 forward within syringe 20, thereby forcing
saline solution in syringe 20 out of syringe neck 26 into the fluid
path to the patient. Retracting piston 40 in a rearward direction
will cause plunger 50 to move rearward in syringe 20, thereby
drawing fluid into syringe 20.
Adapter 100 is preferably attached to injector 10 in a similar
manner as described above for attachment of syringe 20 to injector
10. In that regard, a rearward portion or section of adapter 100
preferably includes a readily releasable mounting mechanism such as
a pair of mounting flanges 102a and 102b (see FIG. 2A) for mounting
adapter 100 in a desired position relative to the front wall 60 of
injector 10. Mounting flanges 102a and 102b may include indicating
means, such as detents or notches 104a and 104b, which provide
information to injector 10 about the type of adapter and/or syringe
being used. Correspondingly, injector 10 preferably includes any
suitable means (not shown) for reading information from notches
104a and 104b.
To attach adapter 100 to injector 10, the rearward end of adapter
100 is inserted into injector opening 62' such that mounting
flanges 102a and 102b are inserted into receiving slots 66a' and
66b', respectively. Once mounting flanges 102a and 102b are
inserted into receiving slots 66a' and 66b', respectively, the
operator preferably rotates adapter 100 or adapter 100/syringe 200
combination approximately 90 degrees such that mounting flanges
102a and 102b move behind and are engaged by receiving flanges 68a'
and 68b', respectively. As described above, a stop mechanism (not
shown) may, for example, extend from at least one of the retaining
slots 68a' and 68b', to prevent rotation of adapter 100 more than
90 degrees. Once again, tactile, visual or audible feedback can be
provided to the operator via, for example, cooperating members on
adapter 100 and injector 10 to inform the operator that secure
connection has been achieved. A drip flange 106 can, for example,
be formed on a rearward portion of adapter 100 to, among other
things, assist in forming a secure connection. Drip flange 106 may,
for example, include a raised member or detent 108 (see, for
example, FIG. 2A) that mates with a recess (not shown) in the face
of opening 62' to provide audible and/or tactile feedback to the
operator upon proper alignment/connection of adapter 100 to
injector 10.
After securely attaching adapter 100 to injector 10, advancing
piston 40' in a forward direction will apply a motive force to a
plunger extension 220 of syringe 200 to a advance syringe plunger
225 (see FIG. 2E) forward within syringe barrel 210, thereby
forcing contrast medium in syringe 200 out of syringe neck 250 into
the fluid path to the patient.
Adapter 100 is illustrated in further detail in FIGS. 2A through
2E. In the embodiment of adapter 100, a "break" action is used to
load syringe 200 into a carrier 110 of adapter 100. In that regard,
carrier 110 includes a first portion or section 120 and a second
portion or section 130. First portion 120 is hingingly attached to
second portion 130 via support arms 132a and 132b, each of which
includes a passage 134 therein. First portion 120 includes
generally cylindrical tabs 122 on each side thereof that snap into
passages 134 to hingingly or rotatably attach first portion 120 to
second portion 130 about an axis C (see, for example, FIG. 2D)
preferably oriented generally perpendicular to longitudinal axis A
of adapter 100.
FIG. 2A illustrates adapter 100 in an open state and ready to
receive syringe 200 from a position to the rear of the hinging
mechanism. In this embodiment, syringe 200 comprises generally
cylindrical body or barrel 210 in which a fluid such as contrast
medium, saline or therapeutic agent is contained. Preferably, the
fluid medium is "prefilled" into syringe 200 before loading of
syringe 200 in adapter 100. Syringe 200 can, for example, be
prefilled by the manufacturer or manually filled remote from the
injector. Syringe 200 further includes plunger 225 slideably
disposed within barrel 210 that is similar in operation to plunger
50 of saline syringe 20. Plunger 225 of syringe 200 is operatively
connected to plunger extension rod 220 by, for example, a threaded
connection. Syringe 200 further includes a flange 230 at a rearward
end of barrel 210. At a forward end of barrel 210, syringe 200
includes, for example, a generally frusto-conical transition or
cone region 240 that connects barrel 210 to a tapered neck 250 from
which contrast medium is injected. Tapered neck 250 can include,
for example, a luer connection at the end thereof for connection to
a fluid path (for example, flexible tubing) as known in the
art.
In many cases, syringes 200 for use, for example, in an MRI
procedure are prefilled with contrast medium by the manufacturer.
Many such syringes 200 are designed for manual injection into a
patient wherein an operator manually advances plunger rod 220 (and
thereby plunger 225 within syringe 200) forward by applying
pressure to a rearward end 228 of plunger extension rod 220.
Syringe barrel 210 and flange 230 may, for example, be fabricated
from glass or plastic. Plunger extension rod 220 is typically
fabricated from a plastic material.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, syringe 200 is loaded into
carrier 110 by positioning syringe 200 in general alignment with a
generally cylindrical passage 140 formed in a forward end of first
portion 120 of adapter 100. Syringe 200 is slid forward within
passage 140 until syringe flange 230 abuts a shoulder 150 (see FIG.
2E) that extends radially inwardly within first portion 120.
Shoulder 150 cooperates with syringe flange 230 to hold syringe 200
within adapter 100 and to provide resistance to the forward force
applied to plunger extension rod 220 by piston 40' during an
injection procedure.
As best illustrated in FIG. 2E, shoulder 150 preferably includes a
rearward extending ridge portion 154 on the inner radius thereof so
that ridge portion 154 contacts flange 230 only near or in the
vicinity of the transition of syringe flange 230 into syringe
barrel 210. Contact of ridge portion 154 with syringe flange 230
near barrel 210 assists in minimizing the forces placed upon
cantilevered flange 230. For example, in the case of glass syringes
200, flange 230 may fail (break) if contact with shoulder 150 is
made at or near the outer end of syringe flange 230, whereas the
shorter lever arm resulting from contact with syringe flange 230 at
or near the inner radius thereof will reduce the force on syringe
flange 230 and prevent failure. Ridge portion 154 can be made of a
resilient or compliant material such as an elastomeric material
that can be different from the material of the remainder of adapter
100 to further reduce the likelihood of failure.
In the case of a prefilled syringe 200, there is no need for the
operator to retract the plunger of syringe 200 to load syringe 200
with contrast medium. Therefore, there is usually no need for a
follower mechanism in the adapter of the present invention to
attach to plunger extension rod 220 to enable retraction of plunger
225 as described in connection with the adapter of U.S. Pat. No.
5,520,653. Piston 40' can simply be advanced to abut rearward
surface 228 of plunger extension rod 220. Any further forward
motion of piston 40' will result in advancement of the plunger of
syringe 200 and pressurization of the contrast medium with syringe
200. Elimination of a carrier mechanism for the plunger extension
simplifies and reduces the cost of manufacture of the adapters of
the present invention as compared, for example, to the adapter of
U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,653. Nevertheless, the adapters of the present
invention may readily be configured with follower mechanisms that
connect to plunger extension rods 220 to allow plunger
retraction.
FIGS. 2C through 2E illustrate syringe 200 within adapter 100 with
first portion 120 and second portion 130 in a closed position.
Adapter 100 preferably includes a mechanism to assist in
maintaining first portion 120 and second portion 130 in a closed
position during operation of injector 100. Second portion 130 may,
for example, include a latch tab 136 having an abutment shoulder
138 that cooperates with a recess 128 in a rearward end of first
portion 120 to create a snap latching mechanism. Many other closing
mechanisms can be used to maintain first portion 120 and second
portion 130 in a closed position, as clear to one skilled in the
art.
Closed carrier 110 created by first portion 120 and second portion
130 also functions to limit the motion of plunger extension rod 220
out of alignment with axis A. This prevents plunger extension rod
220 from, for example, slipping out of contact with piston 40',
prevents deforming of plunger extension rod 220 and prevents
eccentric loading of plunger extension rod 220. Deflection,
eccentric loading or deforming of plunger extension rod 220 may,
for example, cause leaking of fluid to the rear of plunger 225 or
breaking of syringe 200. Radially inward projecting guide(s) can be
formed in one or both of first portion 120 and second portion 130
to maintain even tighter tolerances. A section of either or both of
first portion 120 and second portion 130 can be "cut away" to form
a window for viewing of syringe extension rod 220. Likewise, a
portion or the entirety of either or both first portion 120 and
second portion 130 can be transparent.
Preferably, one or both of first portion 120 and second portion 130
includes an abutment member to prevent rotation of syringe 200
within carrier 110. It is, for example, desirable to prevent
rotation of syringe 200 after connection thereof to fluid path
tubing. Prevention of syringe rotation can also maintain syringe
200 in proper orientation for viewing, for example, volume
gradations on syringe 200. One or more sides of first portion 120
can, for example, have a flattened profile to conform to flattened
section(s) 234 of syringe flange 230 to prevent rotation of syringe
200.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2B through 2E, a substantial portion of
syringe 200 extends forward through passage 140 so that syringe
barrel 210 is plainly visible to the operator. Such visibility, for
example, facilitates reading of wording printed on the syringe as
well as visual determination of the volume of contrast remaining in
syringe 200. Visibility of syringe 220 also allows the operator to
more readily determine whether air is present in syringe 200 before
commencing an injection procedure. Moreover, operators typically
like to see plunger 225 in motion to provide reassurance that the
injection is proceeding. Extension of a portion of syringe 200
beyond carrier 110 also facilitates grasping of syringe 200 by the
operator to, for example, connect or disconnect a fluid path to
syringe neck 250.
As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 2A through 2C, axis C of
rotation of the hinge mechanism (that is, the axis passing through
the radial center of generally cylindrical tabs 122 in the
embodiment of FIG. 2A) is preferably positioned such that the force
experienced by carrier 110 during forward advancement of piston 40'
tends to force or maintain carrier 100 in a closed position. The
axis of cylindrical tabs 122 is preferably, for example, positioned
above the center line or longitudinal axis of carrier 110 such that
a forward force exerted on shoulder 150 tends to produce a torque
that maintains first portion 120 in a latched, closed position
relative to second portion 130.
Once an injection procedure is completed, the operator can grasp
the adapter or adapter/syringe combination and rotate it 90 degrees
back to the preinstallation orientation, thereby, disengaging
mounting flanges 102a and 102b from behind receiving flanges 68a
and 68b, respectively. The adapter/syringe combination is then
removable from the injector 10.
Retaining syringe 200 within carrier 110 by abutment with shoulder
150, allows accommodation of many different designs of syringe 200
by carrier 110. Adapter 100 is thus usable with a wide variety of
currently available syringes 200.
FIGS. 3A through 3E illustrate another embodiment of an adapter 300
for use with a syringe 200. The rearward portion of adapter 300 is
essentially identical to that of adapter 100 and is removably
attached to injector 10 as described above. Unlike adapter 100,
which holds syringe 200 within adapter 100 and provides resistance
to the forward force applied to plunger extension rod 220 by
abutment of syringe flange 230, syringe 200 is held within adapter
300 and resistance provided to the forward force applied to plunger
extension rod 220 by abutting a forward facing surface of forward
transition region 240 of syringe 200 rather than by abutting or
retaining syringe flange 230.
Like adapter 200, a hinging or "break" action is used to load
syringe 200 into a carrier 310 of adapter 300. In that regard,
carrier 310 includes a first portion 320 and a second portion 330.
First portion 320 is hingingly or rotatably attached to second
portion 330 via support arms 332a and 332b, each of which includes
a passage 334 therein. First portion 320 includes generally
cylindrical tabs 322 on each side thereof that reside in passages
334 to hingingly attach first portion 320 to second portion 330.
First portion 320 rotates about an axis C that runs generally
through the radial centers of tabs 322 and is generally
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of adapter 300.
FIG. 3A illustrates adapter 300 in an open state and ready to
receive syringe 200. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, syringe 200
is loaded into carrier 310 by positioning syringe 200 in general
alignment with a generally cylindrical passage 340 formed in first
portion 320 of adapter 300. Syringe 200 is slid forward within
passage 340 until a forward facing surface of syringe 200 abuts a
retention shoulder 350 (see FIG. 3E) that extends radially inward
at a forward end of a forward portion 342 of first portion 310.
Shoulder 350 cooperates with forward syringe transition region or
cone 240 to hold syringe 200 within adapter 300 and to provide
resistance to the forward force applied to plunger extension rod
220 by piston 40' during an injection procedure. As illustrated in
detail D of FIG. 3E, shoulder 350 preferably contacts syringe 200
only near to or in the vicinity of the transition from the sidewall
of barrel 110 to transition region 240 to take advantage of
increased structural strength in this region. The contact area of
shoulder 350 can be made of a resilient or compliant material (for
example, an elastomeric material) to absorb energy and reduce the
likelihood of breaking syringe 200.
Syringe 200 may be inserted in adapter 300 before connection of
adapter 300 to injector 10. Alternatively, syringe 200 may be
loaded into adapter 300 while adapter 300 is mounted on injector
10. Indeed, adapter 300 may remain mounted on injector 10 through
many different injection procedures with different syringes.
Forward portion 342 preferably includes one or more open areas or
windows 344 so that syringe barrel 210 is plainly visible to the
operator. All or a portion of forward portion 342 can also be
transparent to further facilitate viewing of syringe barrel 210.
Open areas 344 also facilitate grasping of syringe 200 by the
operator to, for example, connect or disconnect a fluid path to
syringe neck 250. As described in connection with adapter 100, one
or both of first portion 320 and second portion 330 may include an
abutment member to prevent rotation of syringe 200 within carrier
310. For example, the side(s) of first portion 320 can have a
flattened profile to conform to flattened section(s) 234 of syringe
flange 230 to prevent rotation of syringe 200. The cooperation of
such a flattened profile of carrier 310 and section 234 can, for
example, be used to ensure a desired orientation of syringe barrel
210 with open areas 344. For example, two open areas 344 can be
provided generally opposing each other (that is, positioned
approximately 180.degree. apart on forward portion 342). The
cooperation of a flattened profile of carrier 310 and flattened
syringe flange section 234 in this embodiment preferably allows
mounting of syringe 200 in carrier 310 in only two axially rotated
orientations, 180.degree. apart.
One or a plurality of inward projecting guide 360 can be formed in
one or both of first portion 120 and second portion 130 to maintain
tight tolerances to prevent deflection of plunger extension rod 330
as discussed above. A plurality (for example, three) guides 360 can
be used about first portion 120 and/or second portion 130 to limit
or prevent deflection in any direction.
Open areas (not shown) can also be provided on carrier 310 in the
area where syringe flange 230 resides to accommodate large (in a
radial direction) or irregularly shaped syringe flanges 230. Such
open areas preferably extend longitudinally to accommodate syringes
of different length from a forward end thereof to the syringe
flange thereof. In general, the adapters of the present invention
preferably provide adequate capacity to accommodate syringes of
widely varying length, diameter etc.
An important function of an injector is to monitor and report the
actual volume of fluid available for delivery within a syringe.
This function, for example, enables rapid decision on whether
enough fluid is present to proceed with an imaging procedure or
whether additional volume should be loaded. Monitoring the
cumulative volume of fluid delivered to a patient is also desirable
for certain applications where a recommended per-patient dosage
volume should not be exceeded. Fluid volumes delivered by injectors
are typically displayed in 1.0 ml increments and are tracked by the
injector with finer resolution than is displayed. Injectors also
preferably detect and differentiate among different types and sizes
of syringes so that accurate display and delivery of fluid volume
is provided.
To achieve such fluid volume management specifications, an adapter
or syringe must be installed on an injector, be oriented in a known
manner and provide the control system with identification
information. Identification can be provided by coded features on
the adapter or syringe that are detected by sensors on the injector
so that each adapter and/or syringe is known by its code and fluid
volume parameters specific to that syringe are implemented. When
syringes 200 that are intended for non-powered, hand injection are
installed on power injector 10, adequate identification is still
preferably provided. This result can be achieved by first placing
syringe 200 in adapter 100 or 300 which facilitates mounting on
injector 10 and possesses its own unique code as encoded by, for
example, the positions of notches 104a and 104b. In this manner,
many different types and sizes of syringes 200 and/or adapters can
be accommodated.
Syringes 200 are frequently of similar geometry such that more than
one type of syringe 200 can be carried by the same adapter, giving
rise to the potential of incorrect identification and possible
fluid delivery error by injector 10. However, it is desirable to
minimize the number of adapters required to accommodate all the
hand syringes intended for a specific injector leading to a need to
install more than one volume of syringe per adapter, provided
individual functionality can be achieved. Syringes that share the
same functional internal diameter, but have different lengths of
travel can be treated as equivalent if both are referenced to the
adapter, and consequently to injector 10, by a front-most surface
thereof (that is, cone or transition region 240). If syringes 200
sharing the same functional diameter but having different lengths
are referenced to the adapter injector 10 by rear flange 230 only,
injector 10 will not be able to determine where the front of a
syringe 200 is and cannot accurately determine/report the volume of
contrast medium available. Mounting hand syringes 200 by rear
flange 230 as in the embodiment of adapter 100 thus preferably
requires one adapter per syringe diameter and length combination,
which results in a larger number of adapters than would be required
using a front mounting as in the embodiment of adapter 300.
Multiple adapter combinations decrease the ease of use for an
operator and expand the logic and sensing capacity required of
injector 10. An optimum approach would be to use a single adapter
that accommodates all hand syringes targeted for a particular
injector. To approach this goal, it is preferable to retain/abut a
front end of syringes 200 as described above in connection with
adapter 300 so that injector 10 can determine the position of the
front end of syringe 200. Loading of a front end of syringe 200 is
also preferred to take advantage of an area of increased syringe
strength to prevent syringe failure.
FIGS. 4A through 4C illustrate another embodiment of an adapter 400
for use with syringe 200. The rearward portion of adapter 400 is
essentially identical to that of adapters 100 and 300 and is
removably attached to injector 10 as described above. Unlike
adapters 100 and 300, which incorporate a hinging action to enclose
syringe 200, syringe 400 includes an open carrier 410. Like adapter
300, however, syringe 200 is held within adapter 400 and resistance
provided to the forward force applied to plunger extension rod 220
by abutting forward transition or cone region 240 of syringe
200.
As illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B, syringe 200 is simply loaded
into adapter 400 by dropping syringe 200 therein from above.
Adapter 400 preferably includes a first, rearward portion 420 that
seats/supports syringe flange 230. Preferably, first portion 420
has generally flat side walls 422 that cooperate with generally
flat sections 234 on syringe flange 230 to restrict or
substantially prevent rotation of syringe 200 within adapter 400.
Side walls 422 of first portion 420 preferably extend upward past
the generally common axis of syringe 200 and adapter 400 to assist
in supporting syringe 200.
Adapter 400 further includes a second, forward portion 430 that
seats/supports syringe barrel 210. Second portion 430 preferably
includes a radially inward extending abutment shoulder 450 that
abuts cone or transition region 340 of syringe 200 to retain
syringe 200 within adapter 400 and provide resistance to the
forward force applied to plunger extension rod 220 by piston 40'.
Although second portion 430, including abutment shoulder 450, are
open on the top thereof, the generally cylindrical wall of second
portion 430 and abutment shoulder 450 can extend upward past the
generally common axis of syringe 200 and adapter 400 to support
resistance of the forward force applied to plunger extension rod
220 and to prevent deflection of syringe 200 out of alignment with
the shared axis of syringe 200 and adapter 400.
Through abutment shoulder 450, adapter 400 provides the benefits of
forward abutment of syringe 200 discussed above. Moreover, because
adapter 400 is open along its entire axial length, insertion and
removal of syringe 200 is facilitated. For example, syringe 200 can
even be easily removed from adapter 400 while still connected to a
fluid path (not shown in FIGS. 4A through 4C). In some cases,
however, it may be desirable to form abutment shoulder 450 to
contact a forward facing surface of transition region 240 around
its entire circumference to provide additional stability. In that
case, the forwardmost end of carrier 410 would be closed and any
fluid path would preferably be disconnected before removing syringe
200 from adapter carrier 410.
Adapter 400 preferably further includes at least one retaining
member 460 to assist in retaining and/or stabilizing syringe 200 in
proper alignment therein. Retaining member 460 is slideably
retained in a generally cylindrically shaped passage 470 in carrier
410. Retaining member 460 is illustrated in an open or disengaged
position in FIGS. 4A and 4B. To close or engage retaining member
450 to retain syringe 200, the operator can supply force to collar
tab 462 to rotate retaining member 450 within passage 470 to a
closed position as illustrated in FIG. 4C. In another embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 4D, rotatable retaining member 460 can be split
into two portions 460' and 460'' that rotate to meet in the
middle.
Other retaining/stabilizing members or mechanisms for
retaining/stabilizing syringe 200 are illustrated in FIGS. 4E
through 4I. In FIG. 4E a sliding retaining member 460a is
positioned on/around second, forward portion 430 of carrier 410.
Retaining member 460a is preferably positioned at a forwardmost
position on second portion 430 when syringe is loaded into carrier
410 to facilitate loading. Retaining member 460a is retained on
second portion 430 by abutment with a forward shoulder 480 and
rearward shoulder 482. After seating of syringe 200, retaining
member 450a can preferably be slid to any desired position on
second portion. Positioning retaining member 460A at a rearwardmost
position on second portion 430 may maximize stability. Retaining
member 460a preferably conforms closely to the shape of syringe
barrel 210 to maximize stability. Retaining member 460a may include
an open section 462a on the top thereof to facilitate removal of
syringe 200 from carrier 410 without disconnection of an attached
fluid path element.
FIG. 4F illustrates another embodiment of a slideable retaining
member 460b. Retaining member 460b is slideably retained upon first
portion 420 of carrier 410 between drip flange 106 and shoulder
484. To facilitate loading of syringe 200, retaining member 450b
may be positioned near drip flange 106. After loading of syringe
200, retaining member 460b can be slid to a desired position. An
opening (not shown) in retaining member 460b can be formed to
facilitate removal of syringe 200 from carrier 410 without
disconnection of an attached fluid path element.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4G, a retaining mechanism includes two
cantilevered retaining member 460c' and 460c'' that snap around
syringe barrel 210 upon loading of syringe 200 in carrier 410.
A plurality of retaining/stabilizing members as described above can
be provided along the length of carrier 410 to assist in
retaining/stabilizing syringe barrel 210 and plunger extension rod
420 in proper position within carrier 410. The opening and closing
of such retaining members can be operated individually or
collectively, for example, via a common tab.
Alternatively, a retaining/stabilizing member can be increased in
axially length to increase stability. For example, FIG. 4H
illustrates a retaining member 460d hingingly attached to first
portion 420 that extends along the entire length of first portion
420 and partially along the length of second portion 430 when
closed. A similar retaining member can alternatively or
additionally be hingingly attached to second portion 430. As an
alternative to a hinging motion, such retaining member can rotate
in a passage or slot formed in carrier 410.
An example of a widened, rotating retaining member 460e is
illustrated in FIG. 4I. Retaining member 460e is rotatably attached
(about the longitudinal axis of carrier 410) to second portion 430
and extends generally along the entire length of second portion
430. After syringe 200 is top loaded into carrier 420, retaining
member 460e can be rotated to form a cover over second section 430.
Retaining members 460d and 460e can be transparent or formed with
cut away sections to enhance the visibility of syringe 200.
In some cases it may be desirable to manufacture the adapter of the
present invention to be disposable after one or more uses. Such
disposable adapters are preferably manufactured in an inexpensive
manner. In FIGS. 5A and 5B, an embodiment of a preferably
disposable adapter 500 is illustrated. Adapter 500 preferably
includes two generally identical members 510a and 510b. Fabricating
adapter 500 from two generally identical members 510a and 510b may
substantially reduce manufacturing costs. Members 510a and 510b may
for example be fabricated to "snap" together (for example, via
extension members 520 and cooperating catch members 530) and
provide visible, audible and/or tactile feedback to indicated
proper connection.
In use, syringe 200 is preferably seated in one of members 510a or
50b. The other portion is then, for example, snapped into place to
encompass syringe 200 within the resultant adapter 500 (see FIG.
5B). When assembled, portions 510a and 510b form a rearward section
that houses plunger extension rod 220 and a forward portion that
houses syringe barrel 210. At or near a rearward end of adapter
500, members 510a and 510b preferably form a connecting section
including first mounting flange 502a and a second mounting flange
502b adapted to removably attach adapter 500 to injector 10 as
described above. As illustrated in FIG. 5b, adapter 500 encompasses
both syringe barrel 210 and plunger extension rod 220 to
retain/stabilize syringe 200. The side walls of adapter 500 can be
formed with a generally flat or flattened profile to interact
with/abut generally flat section(s) 234 of syringe flange 230 to
prevent rotation of syringe 200 about its axis within adapter
200.
To facilitate viewing of either plunger extension rod 220 or barrel
210, adapter 500 can be formed with cut out window sections 540.
Moreover, any portion or all of adapter 500 can be transparent.
Adapter 500 provides resistance to the forward force applied to
plunger extension rod 220 by abutment of syringe transition region
240 with a radially inward extending shoulder section 550. The
advantages of providing such resistance/retention by abutment of
syringe transition region 240 discussed above in connection with
other embodiments of adapter of the present invention are also
provided by adapter 500.
Another embodiment of an adapter 500' is illustrated in FIGS. 6A
through 6C. Adapter 500' is generally identical to adapter 500
except that adapter 500' is formed from the connection of a first
portion 510a' and a second portion 510b' that are initially hinged
together, for example by a notched plastic hinge 512 as known in
the art) as best illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
FIGS. 7A through 7C illustrate another embodiment of an adapter 600
of the present invention. Adapter 600 includes a first member 610a
and a second member 610b that are attached via a forward hinge
mechanism. The hinge mechanism preferably includes a generally
cylindrical member 612 on an extending member 614 of one of first
member 610a and second 610b that is rotatably seatable in a passage
616 formed in an extending member of the other of first member 610a
and second member 610b. Extending members 614 preferably extend
forward on each side of a forward end of each of first member 610a
and second member 610b as illustrated in FIG. 7A.
First member 610a includes first retaining flange 102a as described
above, while second member 610b includes second retaining flange
102b that operate to connect adapter 600 to injector 10 as
described above. First member 610a preferably includes one half of
a drip flange 106a, while second member 610b preferably includes
the other half of a drip flange 106b.
To seat syringe 200 within adapter 600, first member 610a and
second member 610b are preferably rotated about an axis C' of
hinging mechanism (which axis is generally perpendicular to the
orientation of longitudinal axis A' of adapter 600) to an open
position as illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B. Barrel 210 of syringe
200 is then passed through an opening 640 formed at the forward end
of adapter 600. Syringe 200 is advanced forward through passage 640
until flange 230 abuts radially inward extending shoulder 650 to
retain syringe 200 within adapter 600 and provide resistance to
forward force exerted upon plunger extension rod 220 by piston 40'.
First member 610a and second member 610b are then rotated to a
closed position. As discussed above in connection with adapter 100,
shoulder 650 may include a raised (rearward extending) abutment
ridge 660 to ensure that contact is made with syringe flange 230
near the point where syringe flange 230 is connected to barrel 210.
Forward force exerted upon shoulder 650 assists in maintaining
adapter 600 in a closed position as illustrated in FIG. 6C.
Like adapters 500 and 500', first member 610a and second member
610b can be formed to be generally identical. Fabrications costs of
adapter 600 can thereby be reduced.
In all of the embodiment discussed above, the adapter is attached
to injector 10 via mounting flanges on a rearward portion or
section of the adapter. There are, however, alternative manners in
which an adapter of the present invention may be attached to
injector 10. As illustrated in FIG. 8A, for example, an injector
may include a front wall 700 to which at least one removable face
plate 705 is attached. The injector of FIG. 8A is designed for use
in an MRI procedure and includes a first, contrast syringe 710
attached to a first face plate 705 and a second, saline syringe 720
attached to a second face plate 705'. In the embodiment of FIG. 8A,
face plate 705 is rotated upward to be detached from the
injector.
FIG. 8B illustrates an embodiment of an adapter 800 including a
carrier 810 formed integrally or attached to a face plate 805
suitable for attachment to the injector of FIG. 8A. Syringe 200 can
be "breach" loaded into carrier 810 by first tilting syringe 200
and advancing barrel 210 of syringe 200 in a forward direction
through passage 840 formed in a forward most position of an
enclosed forward section 830 of carrier 810. Syringe 200 is
advanced until syringe cone region 240 abuts radially inwardly
extending shoulder 850 that defines passage 840. Face plate 805
includes a passage 808 therein through which a piston (not shown)
of the injector of FIG. 8A can pass to cooperate with plunger
extension rod 220.
FIG. 8C illustrates an embodiment of an adapter 900 that includes a
carrier 910 attached to a removable face plate 905. In this
embodiment, syringe 200 is advanced through passage 908 in face
plate 902. Syringe 200 is advanced forward until cone region 240
abuts radially inward extending shoulder 950 of carrier 910.
FIG. 8D illustrates an embodiment of an adapter 1000 that includes
a carrier 1010 attached to a removable face plate 1005. Syringe 200
is loaded into carrier 1010 from the top by dropping syringe 200
into carrier 1010. When seated in carrier 1010, syringe 200 abuts
radially inward extending shoulder 1050 of carrier 1010. The top of
carrier 1010 is maintained in an open state over the length of
carrier 1010 to facilitate removal of syringe 200 even when
connected to a fluid path element.
FIG. 8E illustrates an embodiment of an adapter 1100 that includes
a carrier 1110 attached to a removable face plate 1105. Like
adapter 1010, syringe 200 is loaded into carrier 1110 from the top
by dropping syringe 200 into carrier 1110. When seated in carrier
1110, syringe transition region 240 abuts radially inward extending
shoulder 1150 of carrier 1110. Carrier 1110 includes a hinging
cover section 1160 that can be rotated to a closed position to form
a cover/retainer over at least a portion of syringe barrel 210 to
assist in retaining/stabilizing syringe 200. Shoulder 1050 can be
rotatable to capture syringe 200 and support it.
FIGS. 9A through 9C illustrate an embodiment of an adapter system
1200 including a carrier section 1210, an intermediate section
1220, and a rearwardmost connecting section 1230. Adapter 1200
further includes a push rod 1240. Syringe 200 is seated in carrier
section 1210 by dropping syringe 200 into carrier section 1210.
Cone region 240 abuts shoulder 1250 of carrier section 1210. The
plunger extension rod (not shown) has been removed from connection
with syringe plunger 225. In many cases, such plunger extension
rods are connected to plunger 225 via threading on the forward end
of the plunger extension rod.
Push rod 1240 extends through intermediate section 1220 to
cooperate with plunger 225 to apply force to plunger 225. In the
case of a prefilled syringe, there is typically no need to retract
plunger 225 within syringe 200. In such cases, there is no need to
establish an engaging connection (threaded or otherwise) between a
forward end of push rod 1240 and plunger 225 to resist the force of
and couple plunger 225 to push rod 1240 during a retracting motion
of push rod 1240. This greatly simplifies the construction and
operation of push rod 1240 and the injector.
In operation of adapter system 1200, push rod 1240 makes a
connection with a piston (not shown in FIGS. 9A through 9C; see
FIG. 1A) of the injector through a connective coupling 1242 on a
rearward end of push rod 1240. Connecting section 1230 is removably
attached to the injector via the cooperation of mounting flanged
1202a and 1202b and drip flange 1206 with the injector as described
above. Syringe 200 can be top loaded into carriage section 1210
either before or after connection of adapter 1205 to the injector
via connecting section 1230. Push rod 1240 is advanced forward
through intermediate section 1220 by the injector piston until
forward end 1244 pilots into syringe plunger 225 to abut a rearward
facing wall section within plunger 225. Once again, no secured
connection to resist a rearward motion need be effected between
push rod forward end 1244 and plunger 225 in, for example, the case
of a prefilled syringe or in any other case that retraction of
plunger 225 within syringe 200 will not be required. Push rod
forward end 1244 is preferably of generally the shape of the
rearward facing interior of plunger 225. In this manner, push rod
forward end 1244 provides support to plunger 225 to maintain the
shape of plunger 225 during use of syringe 200. In many cases,
plunger 225 will be fabricated predominantly from an elastomeric
cover material. If the side walls of plunger 225 do not make
adequate sealing contact with the interior side wall of syringe
barrel 210, leakage of contrast to the rear of plunger 225 can
occur during advancement of plunger 225.
FIGS. 10A through 10D illustrate another embodiment of an adapter
system 1300 of the present invention. Similar to adapter system
1200, adapter system 1300 includes a carrier section 1310, an
intermediate section 1320, and a rearwardmost connecting section
1330. Adapter system 1300 further includes or operates with a push
rod 1340. Syringe 200 is seated in open carrier section 1310 by
placing syringe 200 into carrier section 1310 from above (and can
be seated therein or removed thereform without removal or any
attached tubing). Forward transition or cone region 240 abuts a
shoulder portion 1350 of carrier section 1310.
To minimize fabrication costs of adapter system 1300, it is
desirable that the option of using, for example, less expensive,
lower-strength polymeric materials be available. Because the top
portion of carrier section 1310 and shoulder 1350 are open for ease
of removal of syringe 200, asymmetrical loading of connecting
section 1330 can occur if cone region 240 of syringe 200 contacts a
bottom portion of shoulder portion 1350 (as in the case of shoulder
1240, for example) during advancement of push rod 1340. The
resulting bending moment about connection section 1330 can cause
failure of adapter system 1300. To substantially reduce or
eliminate asymmetrical loading, shoulder portion 1350 is preferably
shaped to prevent such asymmetrical loading by, for example, being
open on the top and bottom thereof (see, FIG. 10B). Removing a
bottom edge of abutment shoulder 1350 where cone region 240 of
syringe 200 would otherwise rest results in generally symmetrical
loading about the axis of adapter system 1300 (and syringe 200) and
substantially reduces or removes lateral loads and bending moments
during forward plunger advancement. Axial load applied to the end
of adapter assembly 1300 is maximized while lateral load is
minimized.
In addition, enforcements such as a rib 1354 can be added to
carrier section 1310 to limit wall flexing by increasing the
material strength as illustrated in FIG. 10B. Likewise, extension
1556 and 1558 illustrated in FIG. 12B can be formed integrally on
the front portion of carrier section 1510 of adapter assembly 1500
(or adapter assembly 1300). Cone or transition region 240 of
syringe 200 preferably does not contact extensions 1556 and 1558.
When syringe 200 contacts shoulder portions 1350 (not shown in FIG.
12B) with forward force, syringe 200 can act as a wedge and force
the opposing portions of shoulder 1350 apart. Forming extension
1556 and 1558 around the circumference of the front of carrier
section 1510 creates hoop forces or stresses that help prevent such
deformation. Extensions 1556 and 1558 are preferably spaced
sufficiently at the top portion thereof to allow ready removal of
syringe 200 and any attached tubing as discussed above.
In addition to a rotating retaining member 1360 (which operates
generally in a manner as described for retaining member 460 of
FIGS. 4A through 4C) or in lieu thereof, adapter system 1300
preferably includes a biasing retaining section 1370 illustrated in
FIG. 10C and 10D. In the embodiment of FIGS. 10C and 10D, retaining
section 1370 includes two flexing retaining member 1372 and 1374
inset from the inside wall of carrier section 1310 to provide a
pressure fit against syringe 200, thereby securing syringe 200 in
place. Retaining section 1370 assists, for example, in retaining
syringe 200 within carrier section 1310 when the injector head (not
shown in FIGS. 10A-D) is rotated to a position other than
horizontal when syringe 200 is placed with carriage section 1310.
Should, for example, the injector head (and thereby carrier section
1310) be in a vertical orientation, retaining section 1370 prevents
the syringe from falling out of carrier section 1310 even before
retaining member 1360 can be rotated to a closed position.
In the embodiment of FIG. 10A, retainer section 1310 is movably
connected (for example, hingedly or even removably connected) to
intermediate section 1320. By, for example, rotating carrier
section 1310 downward so that syringe 200 can be pulled forward
without contacting the forward portion of carrier 1310, syringe 200
can be released and removed without retracting the plunger thereof
following a full or partial injection.
In the embodiment of FIG. 10A, carrier section 1310 is hingedly
attached to intermediate section 1320 via pin joints (not shown) on
each side thereof.
Carrier section 1310 rotates about such pin points when closing the
adapter assembly until extending members 1370 and 1372 contact
abutment surfaces 1374 on intermediate section 1320. At that point,
intermediate section 1320 is generally aligned with carrier section
1310, and carrier section 1310 is in position for shoulder 1350 to
abut syringe transition region 240. A locking ring 1380 is
preferably slidably positioned on extending members 1370 and 1372.
After carrier section 1310 is rotated to a closed position, locking
ring 1380 is slid rearward to abut a flange 1390 formed on the
lower half of the front of intermediate section 1310 to lock
carrier section 1310 in a closed position.
FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment of an adapter system 1400
that is very similar to adapter system 1300. However, carrier
section 1410 is not hingedly attached to intermediate section 1420.
In this embodiment, push rod 1440 includes a movable section (for
example, hinging or rotating section 1442) positioned forward of
intermediate section 1420. Hinging section 1442 allows syringe 200
to be moved (rotated, in this embodiment) out of alignment with the
axis of adapter system 1400 so that syringe 200 can be removed
without retracting the drive member of the injector following a
full or partial injection.
FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate an adapter system 1500 that includes a
carrier section 1510, an intermediate section 1520 and a connector
section 1530 as discussed above. Adapter system 1500 includes a
cleaning or contact member such as a wiper seal 1570 and retainer
ring 1580 for positioning wiper seal 1570 within adapter system
1500. Wiper seal 1570 operates to remove unwanted contrast media
(resulting, for example, from leakage and/or spillage) from push
rod 1540. In that regard, as the piston is being retracted
following an injection, wiper seal 1570 cleans/wipes any contrast
media that has inadvertently adhered to push rod 1540 therefrom.
Moreover, wiper seal 1570 also minimize unwanted contrast media
from entering the intermediate section 1520 of the adapter system
1520. Retainer 1580 preferably holds wiper seal 1570 in place via a
pressure fit in carrier section 1510.
As best illustrated in FIG. 12B, push rod 1540 is preferably
prevented from being removed from the rear opening of connection
section 1330 by a retainer flange 1590 that abuts a flange on the
rearward end of push rod 1540 (not shown in FIG. 12B; see push rod
1640 in FIG. 13B). The flange on the rearward end of push rod 1540
is preferably dimensioned to be slightly smaller than the inner
diameter of intermediate section 1520. The contact of contact
member 1570 with push rod 1540 and the contact of the push rod
flange with the inner wall of intermediate section 1520 assist in
maintaining proper alignment of push rod 1540 within adapter
assembly 1500.
FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate an adapter system 1600 including a
carrier section 1610, an intermediate section 1620, a connector
section 1630 and a pushrod 1640. Adapter system 1600 includes a
forward-biasing, rear abutment member 1670 that operates to bias
syringe 200 completely forward in carrier section 1610 regardless
of the length of syringe 200. Abutment member 1670 is preferably
slidably positioned at the rear of carrier section 1610 and is
biased forward by, for example, a spring 1674 housed within
intermediate section 1620. As the operator loads a syringe into
carrier section 1610, by initially placing bottom flange 230 of
syringe 200 against abutment member 1670, spring 1674 is compressed
as required to accommodate various syringe lengths. With spring
1674 compressed, syringe 200 is biased completely forward within
carrier section 1610. Abutment member 1670 also preferably includes
a generally central passage 1676 formed therethrough to allow
pushrod 1640 to impart force to the syringe plunger.
FIG. 14 illustrates another forward biasing abutment member 1770
suitable for use in an adapter system 1700 to bias syringe 200
completely forward within carrier section 1710. Abutment member
1770 is slidably seated within carrier section 1710 and includes
flex members 1772 that abut, for example, a forward facing surface
1712 of carrier section 1710 and bias abutment member 1770 forward.
Abutment member 1770 of FIG. 14 includes three sets of inward
projecting protrusions 1774 for contacting rear flange 230 of
syringe 200. Multiple sets of protrusions 1774 are provided to
accommodate multiple syringe lengths. Flex members 1772 push
against surface 1712 when syringe 200 is in place, thereby biasing
syringe 200 in a fully forward position within carrier section 1710
regardless of syringe length.
Although the present invention has been described in detail in
connection with the above examples, it is to be understood that
such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be
made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit
of the invention except as it may be limited by the following
claims.
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