U.S. patent number RE42,422 [Application Number 11/724,310] was granted by the patent office on 2011-06-07 for light emitting diode having a transparent substrate.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Epistar Corporation. Invention is credited to Kuen-Ru Chuang, Min-Hsun Hsieh, Chao-Nien Huang, Ming-Jiunn Jou, Chia-Cheng Liu, Chih-Chiang Lu, Shu-Wen Sung, Shane-Shyan Wey.
United States Patent |
RE42,422 |
Hsieh , et al. |
June 7, 2011 |
Light emitting diode having a transparent substrate
Abstract
A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate and a
method for manufacturing the same. The light emitting diode is
formed by creating two semiconductor multilayers and bonding them.
The first semiconductor multilayer is formed on a non-transparent
substrate. The second semiconductor multilayer is created by
forming an amorphous interface layer on a transparent substrate.
The two semiconductor multilayers are bonded and the
non-transparent substrate is removed, leaving a semiconductor
multilayer with a transparent substrate.
Inventors: |
Hsieh; Min-Hsun (Hsinchu,
TW), Chuang; Kuen-Ru (Hsinchu, TW), Sung;
Shu-Wen (Hsinchu, TW), Liu; Chia-Cheng (Hsinchu,
TW), Huang; Chao-Nien (Hsinchu, TW), Wey;
Shane-Shyan (Hsinchu, TW), Lu; Chih-Chiang
(Hsinchu, TW), Jou; Ming-Jiunn (Hsinchu,
TW) |
Assignee: |
Epistar Corporation (Hsinchu,
TW)
|
Family
ID: |
21678661 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/724,310 |
Filed: |
March 15, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
Reissue of: |
09683959 |
Mar 6, 2002 |
6867426 |
Mar 15, 2005 |
|
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jun 27, 2001 [TW] |
|
|
90115871 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
257/12; 257/13;
257/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L
33/16 (20130101); H01L 33/02 (20130101); H01L
21/2007 (20130101); H01L 33/42 (20130101); H01L
33/0093 (20200501); H01L 33/30 (20130101); H01L
33/32 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01L
29/06 (20060101); H01L 31/072 (20060101); H01L
31/109 (20060101); H01L 31/0328 (20060101); H01L
31/0336 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;257/12-16,21,37,965 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dang; Phuc T
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bacon & Thomas, PLLC
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the light
emitting diode comprising: a transparent substrate; an amorphous
interface layer formed on the transparent substrate;
.Iadd.and.Iaddend. .[.a top surface of the amorphous interface
layer comprising a first surface region and a second surface
region; a p.sup.+-type contact layer formed on the first surface
region; a p-type cladding layer formed on the p.sup.+-type contact
layer; a multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting layer formed on
the p-type cladding layer; an n-type cladding layer formed on the
MQW light-emitting layer; an n-type stop layer formed on the n-type
cladding layer; a transparent conductive layer formed on the n-type
stop layer; a first electrode formed on the transparent conductive
layer; and a second electrode formed on the second surface
region.]. .Iadd.a semiconductor light emitting stack comprising a
first contact layer formed on the amorphous interface layer, a
first conductive type cladding layer formed on the first contact
layer, a semiconductor light-emitting layer formed on the first
conductive type cladding layer, a second conductive type cladding
layer formed on the semiconductor light-emitting layer, and a
second contact layer formed on the second conductive type cladding
layer.Iaddend..
.[.2. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the
light emitting diode comprising: a transparent substrate comprising
sapphire; an amorphous interface layer formed on the transparent
substrate, a top surface of the amorphous interface layer
comprising a first surface region and a second surface region; a
contact layer of p.sup.+-type GaAs formed on the first surface
region; a p-type cladding layer of p-type AlGaInP formed on the
contact layer; a light-emitting layer of AlGaInP formed on the
p-type cladding layer; an n-type cladding layer of n-type AlGaInP
formed on the light-emitting layer; a stop layer of n-type AlGaAs
formed on the n-type cladding layer; an indium tin oxide (ITO)
transparent conductive layer formed on the stop layer; a first
electrode formed on the ITO transparent conductive layer; and a
second electrode formed on the second surface region..].
3. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the light
emitting diode comprising: an ohmic contact electrode; a p-type
transparent substrate formed on the ohmic contact electrode; a
first p.sup.+-type contact layer formed on the transparent
substrate; an amorphous interface layer formed on the first
p.sup.+-type contact layer; a second p.sup.+-type contact layer
formed on the amorphous interface layer; a p-type cladding layer
formed on the second p.sup.+-type contact layer; a light-emitting
layer formed on the p-type cladding layer; an n-type cladding layer
formed on the light-emitting layer; an n-type stop layer formed on
the n-type cladding layer; a transparent conductive layer formed on
the n-type stop layer; and a first electrode formed on the
transparent conductive layer.
.[.4. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the
light emitting diode comprising: an ohmic contact electrode; a
p-type GaP transparent substrate formed on the ohmic contact
electrode; a first p.sup.+-type contact layer of p.sup.+-type GaAs
formed on the p-type GaP transparent substrate; an indium tin oxide
amorphous interface layer formed on the first p.sup.+-type contact
layer; a second p.sup.+-type contact layer of p.sup.+-type GaAs
formed on the indium tin oxide amorphous interface layer; a p-type
cladding layer of a p-type AlGaInP formed on the second
p.sup.+-type contact layer; a multiple quantum well light-emitting
layer of AlGaInP formed on the p-type cladding layer; an n-type
cladding layer of n-type AlGaInP formed on the light-emitting
layer; a stop layer of n-type AlGaAs formed on the n-type cladding
layer; an indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive layer
formed on the stop layer; a first electrode formed on the ITO
transparent conductive layer..].
5. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the light
emitting diode comprising: a first electrode; an n-type transparent
substrate formed on the first electrode; an amorphous interface
layer formed on the n-type transparent substrate; an n-type contact
layer formed on the amorphous interface layer; an n-type cladding
layer formed on the n-type contact layer; a light-emitting layer
formed on the n-type cladding layer; a p-type cladding layer formed
on the light-emitting layer; a p-type buffer layer formed on the
p-type cladding layer; a p.sup.+-type contact layer formed on the
p-type buffer layer; a transparent conductive layer formed on the
p.sup.+-type contact layer; and a second electrode formed on the
transparent conductive layer.
.[.6. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the
light emitting diode comprising: a first electrode; a transparent
substrate of n-type GaP formed on the first electrode; an indium
tin oxide (ITO) amorphous interface layer formed on the transparent
substrate of n-type GaP; a contact layer of n-type GaP formed on
the ITO amorphous interface layer; a cladding layer of n-type
AlGaInP formed on the contact layer of n-type GaP; a multiple
quantum well (MQW) light-emitting layer of AlGaInP formed on the
cladding layer of n-type AlGaInP; a cladding layer of p-type
AlGaInP formed on the MQW light-emitting layer of AlGaInP; a buffer
layer of p-type AlGaAs formed on the cladding layer of p-type
AlGaInP; a contact layer of p.sup.+-type GaAs formed on the buffer
layer of p-type AlGaAs; an indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent
conductive layer formed on the contact layer of p.sup.+-type GaAs;
and a second electrode formed on the ITO transparent conductive
layer..].
7. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the light
emitting diode comprising: a transparent substrate; an
amorphous.[.,.]. interface layer formed on the transparent
substrate, a top surface of the amorphous interface layer
comprising a first surface region and a second surface region; an
n.sup.+-type reverse-tunneling contact layer formed on the first
surface region; a p-type cladding layer of formed on the
n.sup.+-type reverse-tunneling contact layer; a light-emitting
layer formed on the p-type cladding layer; an n-type cladding layer
formed on the light-emitting layer; a first contact electrode
formed on the n-type cladding layer; and a second electrode formed
on the second surface region.
.[.8. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate, the
light emitting diode comprising: a transparent substrate comprising
glass; an indium tin oxide (ITO) amorphous interface layer formed
on the transparent substrate, a top surface of the ITO amorphous
interface layer comprising a first surface region and a second
surface region; a reverse-tunneling contact layer of n.sup.+-type
InGaN formed on the first surface region; a cladding layer of a
p-type GaN formed on the reverse-tunneling contact layer of
n.sup.+-type InGaN; a multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting
layer of InGaN formed on the cladding layer of a p-type GaN; a
cladding layer of n-type GaN formed on the MQW light-emitting layer
of InGaN; a first contact electrode formed on the cladding layer of
n-type GaN; a second electrode formed on the second surface
region..].
.Iadd.9. The light emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein a
transparent conductive layer is formed on the semiconductor light
emitting stack..Iaddend.
.Iadd.10. The light emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein a
buffer layer is formed on the second conductive type cladding
layer..Iaddend.
.Iadd.11. The light emitting diode as claimed in claim 10, wherein
the buffer layer comprises AlGaAs..Iaddend.
.Iadd.12. The light emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the second contact layer comprises GaAs..Iaddend.
.Iadd.13. The light emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein a
buffer layer is formed between the second conductive type cladding
layer and the second contact layer..Iaddend.
.Iadd.14. The light emitting diode as claimed in claim 13, wherein
the buffer layer comprises AlGaAs..Iaddend.
.Iadd.15. The light emitting diode as claimed in claim 9, wherein
the transparent conductive layer comprises indium tin
oxide..Iaddend.
.Iadd.16. A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate,
the light emitting diode comprising: a transparent substrate; an
amorphous interface layer comprising indium tin oxide formed on the
transparent substrate; a semiconductor light emitting stack
comprising a first contact layer formed on the amorphous interface
layer, a first conductive type cladding layer formed on the first
contact layer, a semiconductor light-emitting layer formed on the
first conductive type cladding layer, a second conductive type
cladding layer formed on the semiconductor light-emitting layer,
and a second contact layer formed on the second conductive type
cladding layer..Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light emitting diode, more
specifically to a light emitting diode having a transparent
substrate, and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are employed in a wide variety of
applications including optical display devices, traffic lights,
data storage equipment, communication devices, illumination
apparatuses, and medical treatment equipment. Some of the main
goals of engineers who design LEDs are to increase the brightness
of the light emitted from LEDs and to reduce the cost of
manufacturing LEDs.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,783,477 discloses a method of bonding two compound
semiconductor surfaces to produce an ohmic contact interface. The
method of manufacturing a prior art LED is to create an ohmic
contact interface by aligning the crystallographic orientation and
rotational alignment of two semiconductor surfaces and applying
uniaxial pressure to the semiconductor wafers at a temperature of
1000.degree. C. In actual procedure, however, it is difficult and
expensive to align the crystallographic orientation and rotational
alignment of the two semiconductor surfaces.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
It is an objective of the claimed invention to provide a light
emitting diode (LED) having a transparent substrate and the method
for manufacturing the same. The method involves wafer bonding a
transparent substrate with a compound semiconductor multilayer. The
compound semiconductor multilayer comprising the LED is grown on a
non-transparent substrate. The transparent substrate and the
compound semiconductor multilayer are bonded using an amorphous
interface layer. After the bonding, the non-transparent substrate
is removed, leaving an LED with a transparent substrate. The method
according to the claimed invention will simplify the procedure of
manufacturing LEDs, thereby reducing costs. The method also solves
the problem of aligning the crystallographic orientation and
rotational alignment of the two semiconductor surfaces and creates
a light emitting diode with an increased luminance.
In the claimed invention, a light emitting diode comprises a
sapphire transparent substrate. Formed above the substrate is an
indium tin oxide (ITO), a top surface of which comprises a first
surface region and a second surface region. On the first surface
region, the layers of the semiconductor multilayer stacked from
bottom to top are: A p.sup.+-type contact layer of GaAs, a p-type
cladding layer of AlGaInP, a multiple quantum well (MQW)
light-emitting layer, an n-type cladding layer of AlGaInP, an
n-type stop layer of AlGaAs, and an ITO transparent conductive
layer. A first electrode is located on the ITO transparent
conductive layer, and a second electrode is located on the second
surface region.
The claimed invention also details a method for manufacturing the
light emitting diode. The first step is to form a first multilayer
on an n-type GaAs semiconductor substrate. An n-type stop layer of
AlGaAs is formed on the semiconductor substrate. An n-type cladding
layer of AlGaInP is formed on the n-type stop layer. An MQW
light-emitting layer of AlGaInP is formed on the n-type cladding
layer. A p-type cladding layer of AlGaInP is formed on the MQW
light-emitting layer. A p.sup.+-type contact layer of GaAs is
formed on the p-type cladding layer. A second multilayer is formed
on a sapphire substrate. An amorphous interface layer of ITO IS
formed on the sapphire substrate. A third multilayer is produced by
placing the first multilayer on the second multilayer and bonding
the first multilayer to the second multilayer by elevating
temperature. Next, the n-type GaAs semiconductor substrate of the
newly created third multilayer is removed, and an ITO transparent
conductive layer is formed on the stop layer to produce a fourth
multilayer. Next, an exposed interface region is formed by etching
away a portion of the fourth multilayer from the ITO transparent
conductive layer to the ITO amorphous interface layer. Finally, a
first contact electrode and a second contact electrode are formed
on the ITO transparent conductive layer and the exposed interface
region, respectively.
These and other objectives of the claimed invention will no doubt
become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after having
read the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment
that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a high brightness light
emitting diode having a transparent substrate according to the
first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing a first semiconductor
multilayer before wafer bonding during the manufacturing method
according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view showing an amorphous interface
layer and a second semiconductor multilayer before wafer bonding
during the manufacturing method according the present
invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing a third semiconductor
multilayer after wafer bonding, but before removal of the
non-transparent substrate during the manufacturing method according
the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view showing a third semiconductor
multilayer after removal of the non-transparent substrate and
formation of an ITO transparent conductive layer during the
manufacturing method according the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of a high brightness light
emitting diode having a transparent substrate according to the
second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a high brightness light
emitting diode having a transparent substrate according to the
third embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a high brightness light
emitting diode having a transparent substrate according to the
fourth embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a high brightness light
emitting diode (LED) 1 having a transparent substrate according to
the first embodiment of the present invention. In the LED 1, an
indium tin oxide (ITO) amorphous interface layer 11 is formed on a
sapphire transparent substrate 10. A top surface of the ITO
amorphous interface layer 11 comprises a first surface region and a
second surface region. The LED further comprises layers stacked
upon each other on the first surface region in the following order,
bottom to top: a contact layer of p.sup.+-type GaAs 12, a cladding
layer of a p-type AlGaInP 13, a multiple quantum well (MQW)
light-emitting layer 14, a cladding layer of n-type AlGaInP 15, a
stop layer of n-type AlGaAs 16, and an ITO transparent conductive
layer 18. A first electrode 19 is located on the ITO transparent
conductive layer 18, and a second electrode 20 is located on the
second surface region.
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 illustrate a method for manufacturing the light
emitting diode 1 according to the first embodiment of the present
invention. A first semiconductor multilayer 2 is created by first
forming an n-type stop layer 16 of AlGaAs on an n-type GaAs
semiconductor substrate 17. Then an n-type cladding layer 15 of
AlGaInP is formed on the n-type stop layer 16. An MQW
light-emitting layer 14 of AlGaInP is formed on the n-type cladding
layer 15. A p-type cladding layer 13 of AlGaInP is formed on the
MQW light-emitting layer 14, and a p.sup.+-type contact layer 12 of
GaAs is formed on the p-type cladding layer 13. Next, a second
semiconductor multilayer 3 is created. The second semiconductor
multilayer 3 comprises an amorphous interface layer 11 of ITO
formed on a sapphire substrate 10. As is shown in FIG. 4, a third
semiconductor multilayer 4 is produced by inverting the first
semiconductor multilayer 2, placing it on the semiconductor
multilayer 3, and bonding the first semiconductor multilayer 2 to
the second semiconductor multilayer 3 by elevating temperature and
applying uniaxial pressure to the semiconductor multilayers. FIG. 4
and FIG. 5 show the next step, which comprises the removal of the
n-type GaAs semiconductor substrate 17 from the multilayer 4 and
the formation of a first ITO transparent conductive layer 18 on the
n-type stop layer 16, producing a fourth semiconductor multilayer
5. Next, an interface exposed region is formed by etching away a
portion of the fourth semiconductor multilayer 5 from the first ITO
transparent conductive layer 18 to the ITO amorphous interface
layer 11. Finally, a first contact electrode 19 and a second
contact electrode 20 are formed on the first ITO transparent
conductive layer 18 and the interface exposed region,
respectively.
FIG. 6 illustrates a light emitting diode 6 having a transparent
substrate according to a second preferred embodiment of the present
invention. A transparent substrate 611 of p-type GaP is formed on
an ohmic contact electrode 610. A first p.sup.+-type contact layer
612 of GaAs is formed on the transparent substrate 611. An indium
tin oxide (ITO) amorphous interface layer 613 is formed on the
first p.sup.+-type contact layer 612. A second p.sup.+-type contact
layer 614 of GaAs is formed on the ITO amorphous interface layer
613. A p-type cladding layer 615 of AlGaInP is formed on the second
p.sup.+-type contact layer 614. A multiple quantum well (MQW)
light-emitting layer 616 of AlGaInP is formed on the p-type
cladding layer 615. An n-type cladding layer 617 of AlGaInP is
formed on the MQW light-emitting layer 616. An n-type stop layer
618 of AlGaAs is formed on the n-type cladding layer 617. An ITO
transparent conductive layer 619 is formed on the n-type stop layer
618. An electrode 620 is formed on the ITO transparent conductive
layer 619.
FIG. 7 illustrates a light emitting diode 7 having a transparent
substrate according to a third preferred embodiment of the present
invention. A transparent substrate 711 of n-type GaP is formed on a
first electrode 710. An indium tin oxide (ITO) amorphous interface
layer 713 is formed on the transparent substrate 711. An n-type
contact layer 714 of GaP is formed on the ITO amorphous interface
layer 713. An n-type cladding layer 715 of AlGaInP is formed on the
n-type contact layer 714. A multiple quantum well (MQW)
light-emitting layer 716 of AlGaInP is formed on the n-type
cladding layer 715. A p-type cladding layer 717 of AlGaInP is
formed on the MQW light-emitting layer 716. A p-type buffer layer
718 of AlGaAs is formed on the p-type cladding layer 717. A
p.sup.+-type contact layer 719 of GaAs is formed on the p-type
buffer layer. An ITO transparent conductive layer 720 is formed on
the p.sup.+-type contact layer 719. A second electrode 721 is
formed on the ITO transparent conductive layer 720.
FIG. 8 illustrates a light emitting diode 8 having a transparent
substrate according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present
invention. An indium tin oxide (ITO) amorphous interface layer 811
is formed on a transparent substrate 810 of glass. A top surface of
the ITO amorphous interface layer 811 comprises a first surface
region and a second surface region. An n.sup.+-type reverse
tunneling contact layer 814 of InGaN is formed on the first surface
region. A p-type cladding layer 815 of GaN is formed on the
n.sup.+-type reverse tunneling contact layer 814. A multiple
quantum well (MQW) light-emitting layer 816 of InGaN is formed on
the p-type cladding layer 815. An n-type cladding layer 817 of GaN
is formed on the MQW light-emitting layer 816. A first Ti--Al
contact electrode is formed on the n-type cladding layer 817. A
second electrode 820 is formed on the second surface region.
According to the description of these embodiments, LEDs having a
transparent substrate can be manufactured by a method of bonding
two chips using an amorphous interface layer. LEDs made according
to the present invention are easier to manufacture, less expensive
to manufacture, and brighter than those made according to the prior
art.
While the invention has been disclosed and described with reference
to these preferred embodiments, the scope of the invention is not
limited to these preferred embodiments. Any variation and
modifications of the invention still falls within the spirit and
scope of the invention. For example, using a transparent conductive
layer of adhesive agent instead of a single-crystal interface layer
or using a single quantum well light-emitting layer instead of a
multiple quantum well light-emitting layer cannot escape the scope
and spirit of the invention. Moreover, the manufacturing method of
the present invention is also suitable for manufacturing a light
emitting diode having a non-transparent substrate.
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous
modifications and alterations of the device may be made while
retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above
disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and
bounds of the appended claims.
* * * * *