U.S. patent number RE41,894 [Application Number 12/042,627] was granted by the patent office on 2010-10-26 for hepatitis c inhibitor tri-peptides.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd.. Invention is credited to Murray D. Bailey, Dale R. Cameron, Anne-Marie Faucher, Elise Ghiro, Nathalie Goudreau, Teddy Halmos, Montse Llinas-Brunet, Marc-Andre Poupart, Jean Rancourt, Youla S. Tsantrizos, Dominik M. Wernic.
United States Patent |
RE41,894 |
Llinas-Brunet , et
al. |
October 26, 2010 |
Hepatitis C inhibitor tri-peptides
Abstract
Racemates, diastereoisomers and optical isomers of a compound of
formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein B is H, a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10
aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl; Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all of which
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl; hydroxy; hydroxy-alkyl; halo; haloalkyl; nitro;
cyano; cyanoalkyl; amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl; amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of
formula R.sub.4--C(O)--; a carboxyl of formula R.sub.4--O--C(O)--;
an amide of formula R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)--; a thioamide of
formula R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(S)--; or a sulfonyl of formula
R.sub.4--SO.sub.2; R.sub.5 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; and Y is H or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; R.sup.3 is C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, C.sub.6 or
C.sub.10 aryl, or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl; R.sub.2 is
CH.sub.2--R.sub.20, NH--R.sub.20, O--R.sub.20 or S--R.sub.20,
wherein R.sub.20 is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl
or C.sub.4-10 (alkylcycloalkyl), all of which being optionally
mono-, di- or tri-substituted with R.sub.21, or R.sub.20 is a
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-14 aralkyl optionally
substituted, or R.sub.20 is Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both
optionally substituted, Het or (lower alkyl)-Het; carboxyl;
carboxy(lower alkyl); C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl
or Het, said aryl, aralkyl or Het being optionally substituted; and
R.sup.1 is H; C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, or C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, all optionally substituted with
halogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester
thereof.
Inventors: |
Llinas-Brunet; Montse (Laval,
CA), Bailey; Murray D. (Laval, CA),
Cameron; Dale R. (Laval, CA), Ghiro; Elise
(Laval, CA), Goudreau; Nathalie (Laval,
CA), Poupart; Marc-Andre (Laval, CA),
Rancourt; Jean (Laval, CA), Tsantrizos; Youla S.
(Laval, CA), Faucher; Anne-Marie (Laval,
CA), Halmos; Teddy (Laval, CA), Wernic;
Dominik M. (Laval, CA) |
Assignee: |
Boehringer Ingelheim Canada
Ltd. (Laval, Quebec, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
26790767 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/042,627 |
Filed: |
March 5, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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09368866 |
Aug 5, 1999 |
6323180 |
|
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60132386 |
May 4, 1999 |
|
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|
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60095931 |
Aug 10, 1999 |
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Reissue of: |
09675398 |
Sep 29, 2000 |
06329379 |
Dec 11, 2001 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/256;
514/266.23; 514/266.2; 514/4.3; 544/298; 544/304; 514/269; 544/283;
544/242; 514/273; 544/287 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K
45/06 (20130101); C07K 5/0812 (20130101); C07D
403/12 (20130101); A61K 38/21 (20130101); A61P
43/00 (20180101); A61P 31/16 (20180101); C12P
13/02 (20130101); C07D 405/14 (20130101); A61P
31/12 (20180101); A61P 1/16 (20180101); C07D
409/14 (20130101); C12P 41/005 (20130101); C07D
403/14 (20130101); C07K 5/0806 (20130101); C07K
5/0808 (20130101); A61P 31/14 (20180101); C07D
207/16 (20130101); C07K 5/081 (20130101); C07D
417/14 (20130101); C07D 401/12 (20130101); A61K
38/21 (20130101); A61K 2300/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61K
31/505 (20060101); C07D 239/72 (20060101); A61K
31/52 (20060101); C07D 239/00 (20060101); C07D
239/02 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
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6329417 |
December 2001 |
Llinas-Brunet et al. |
6410531 |
June 2002 |
Llinas-Brunet et al. |
6420380 |
July 2002 |
Llinas-Brunet et al. |
6534523 |
March 2003 |
Llinas-Brunet et al. |
6919423 |
July 2005 |
Llinas-Brunet |
7091184 |
August 2006 |
Llinas-Brunet et al. |
RE40525 |
September 2008 |
Llinas-Brunet et al. |
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Foreign Patent Documents
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Jul 1997 |
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DE |
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WO 98 17679 |
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Apr 1998 |
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WO |
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WO 1998 17679 |
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Apr 1998 |
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WO |
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WO 99 07733 |
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Feb 1999 |
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WO |
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WO 1999 07733 |
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Feb 1999 |
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WO |
|
Other References
Gaucher, et al; "Palladium (O) Catalyzed Tandem Alkylation and SN'
Cyclization . . . " Tetrahedron Letters, 36(17): 2979-2982 (1995).
cited by other .
Fliche, et al; "Enantioselective synthesis of (1R, 2S)
dehydrocoronamic acids" Synthetic Communications, 24(20): 2873-2876
(1994). cited by other .
Chen, et al; "Chirally selective hydrolysis of D, L amino acid
esters by alkaline protease" J. Chem, Soc., Chem. Commun.
20:1514-1516 (1986). cited by other .
Chen, et al; "Kinetic resolution of esters of amino acids in
t-butanol containing 5% water catalyzed by a stable industrial
alkaline protease" Chirality 6: 572-576 (1994). cited by other
.
Llinas-Brunet, M. et al; "Peptide-based inhibitors of the hepatitis
C virus serine protease" Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Letters, 8(13): 1713-1718 (1998). cited by other .
Ogawa, T. et al; "2,3-Methanophenylalanine and .Alpha.,
.Beta.-Dehydrophenylalanine Derivatives as Chymotryspin Inhibitor"
Pept. Chem. 27: 379-382 (1990). cited by other .
Gershonov et al; "1-Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid derivatives as
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|
Primary Examiner: Powers; Fiona T
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Morris; Michael P. Devlin;
Mary-Ellen M. Datlow; Philip I.
Parent Case Text
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.
09/368,866, filed on Aug. 5, 1999, which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Application No. 60/095,031, filed Aug. 10, 1998, and
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/132,386, filed May. 4, 1999.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A racemate, diastereoisomer or optical isomer of a compound of
formula (I): ##STR00308## wherein B is H, a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10
aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl; Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all of which
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl; hydroxy; hydroxyalkyl; halo; haloalkyl; nitro;
cyano; cyanoalkyl; amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl; amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of
formula R.sub.4--C(O)--; a carboxyl derivative of formula
R.sub.4--O--C(O)--; an amide derivative of formula
R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)--; a thioamide derivative of formula
R.sub.4--N(R.sup.5)--C(S)--; or a sulfonyl derivative of formula
R.sub.4--SO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.amido.[., or (lower alkyl)
amide.]. .Iadd.; and when B is R.sub.4--O--C(O)--;
R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)--; R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(S)--; or
R.sub.4--SO.sub.2, then R.sub.4 may additionally be selected from
C.sub.1-10 alkyl substituted with (lower alkyl) amide;.Iaddend.
(ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.C.sub.3-7 cycloalkoxy,
.[.or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,.]. all optionally substituted
with hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido, or
(lower alkyl) amide; .Iadd.or R.sub.4 is C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or amido; and when B is
R.sub.4--O--C(O)--; R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)--;
R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(S)--; or R.sub.4--SO.sub.2, then R.sub.4 may
additionally be C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl substituted with (lower
alkyl) amide; .Iaddend. (iii) amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; amido; or (lower alkyl)amide;
(iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower
alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower alkyl)
amide, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl; R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; with the proviso that when
B is a carboxyl derivative, an amide derivative or a thioamide
derivative, R.sub.4 is not a cycloalkoxy; Y is H or C.sub.1-6
alkyl; R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl, amido, (lower
alkyl)amido, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl;
R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2--R.sub.20, NH--R.sub.20, O--R.sub.20 or
S--R.sub.20, wherein R.sub.20 is pyrimidinyl, quinazolinyl, (lower
alkyl)-pyrimidinyl or (lower alkyl)-quinazolinyl, each optionally
mono-, di- or tri-substituted with R.sub.21, wherein each R.sub.21
is independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; lower
thioalkyl; .[.sulfonyl;.]. NO.sub.2; OH; SH; halo; haloalkyl; amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6 or
C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl, Het or (lower alkyl)-Het; amido
optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6 or
C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl, Het or (lower alkyl)-Het;
carboxyl; carboxy(lower alkyl); C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
C.sub.7-14 aralkyl or Het, said aryl, aralkyl or Het being
optionally substituted with R.sub.22; wherein R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; .[.sulfonyl;.].
(lower alkyl)sulfonyl; NO.sub.2; OH; SH; halo; haloalky; carboxyl;
.[.amide;.]. .Iadd.amido; .Iaddend.(lower alkyl)amide; or Het
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; R.sup.1 is H;
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, .[.C.sub.3-7 cycloalkly.]. .Iadd.C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl.Iaddend., or C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, all
optionally substituted with halogen; or a pharmaceutical acceptable
salt or ester thereof; wherein "Het" is defined as a five-membered
.[.saturatd.]. .Iadd.saturated .Iaddend.or unsaturated, aromatic or
non-aromatic, heterocycle containing from one to four heteroatoms
selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein said heterocycle
is optionally fused to a benzene ring.
2. A compound of formula 1 according to claim 1, wherein B is a
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano,
cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally
substituted with alkyl; or B is Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano,
cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.3-6 alkyl.
3. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein B is
R.sub.4--SO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; amido; (lower
alkyl)amide; C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl or Het,
all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
4. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein B is an
acyl derivative of formula R.sub.4--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is (i)
C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl,
.Iadd.C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, .Iaddend.hydroxy.[.or.]. .Iadd.,
.Iaddend.C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, .[.(lower alkyl)amide,.]. or
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii)
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl .[.or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, both.].
optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6
alkoxy)carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; .Iadd.or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or amido; .Iaddend. .[.(iv).].
(.Iadd.iii.Iaddend.) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16
aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy,
amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally .[.substituted.].
.Iadd.mono- or di-substituted .Iaddend.with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or
.[.(v).]. (.Iadd.iv.Iaddend.) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino
optionally .[.substituted.]. .Iadd.mono- or di-substituted
.Iaddend.with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.(lower
alkyl)amide.[., or amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl.]. .
5. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein B is a
carboxyl derivative of formula R.sub.4--O--C(O)--, wherein R.sub.4
is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower
alkyl)amide; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
all optionally substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6
alkoxy)carbonyl, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)amide; .[.(iv).].
(.Iadd.iii.Iaddend.) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower
alkyl)amido, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or .[.(v).]. (.Iadd.iv.Iaddend.) Het or (lower
alkyl)-Het, both optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
hydroxy, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl) amido.
6. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein B is an
amide derivative of formula R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)-- wherein
R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with
carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido,
(lower alkyl) amido, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iii)
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-3 alkyl; (iv)
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower alkyl)
amide, or amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v)
Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)amide; and R.sub.5 is H or
methyl.
7. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein B is a
thioamide derivative of formula R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--; wherein
R.sub.4 is (i) CC.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with
carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; (ii) C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally
substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amino or
amido.
8. A compound of formula I according to claim 2, wherein B is a
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl,
halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)
amide, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl.
9. A compound of formula I according to claim 2, wherein .[.r.]. B
is Het optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, halo, amido, (lower
alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
10. A compound of formula I according to claim 4, wherein B is an
acyl derivative of formula R.sub.4--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is (i)
C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, hydroxy or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, both optionally substituted with hydroxy,
carboxyl, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, or
.[.(iv).]. (.Iadd.iii.Iaddend.) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.hydroxy, or .[.(v).]. (.Iadd.iv.Iaddend.)
Het optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido or
amino.
11. A compound of formula I according to claim 5, wherein B is a
carboxyl derivative of formula R.sub.4--O--C (O)--, wherein R.sub.4
is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy.[.or.]. .Iadd.,
.Iaddend.amido, (lower alkyl)amide, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii)
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally
substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido,
(lower alkyl)amide, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, .[.or.]. .[.(iv).].
(.Iadd.iii.Iaddend.) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16
aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy,
.Iadd.or .Iaddend.amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl; or .[.(v).]. (.Iadd.iv.Iaddend.) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het,
both optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido,
or amino optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
12. A compound of formula I according to claim 6, wherein B is an
amide derivative of formula R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)-- wherein
R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with
carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido,
(lower alkyl) amide, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with
carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide,
.Iadd.or .Iaddend.amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iii) amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-3 alkyl, .[.or.]. (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido, and R.sub.5 is H.
13. A compound of formula I according to claim 7, wherein B is a
thioamide derivative of formula R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--; wherein
R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl; or (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl.
14. A compound of formula I according to claim 12, wherein B is an
amide derivative of formula R.sub.4--NH--C (O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is
(i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy amido, (lower alkyl)
amide, .Iadd.or .Iaddend.amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, .Iadd.or
.Iaddend.amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl; .Iadd.or .Iaddend. .[.(iv).]. (.Iadd.iii.Iaddend.) C.sub.6
or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido.
15. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein B is
##STR00309##
16. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein Y is H or
methyl.
17. A compound of formula I according to claim 16, wherein Y is
H.
18. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R.sup.3
is C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl, acetamido, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl.
19. A compound of formula I according to claim 18, wherein R.sup.3
is the side chain of Tbg, Ile, Val, Chg or: ##STR00310##
20. A compound of formula I according to claim 19, wherein R.sup.3
is the side chain of Tbg, Chg or Val.
21. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R.sup.2
is S--R.sub.20 or O--R.sub.20 wherein R.sub.20 is a pyrimidinyl,
quinazolinyl, --CH.sub.2-pyrimidinyl or --CH.sub.2-quinazolinyl,
all optionally mono, di- or tri-substituted with R.sub.21, wherein
R.sub.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; lower thioalkyl;
amino .[.or.]. .Iadd.optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, Het
or (lower alkyl)-Het; .Iaddend.amido optionally .[.mono-or
di-substituted.]. .Iadd.mono-substituted .Iaddend.with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, Het or (lower
alkyl)-Het; NO.sub.2; OH; halo; trifluoromethyl; carboxyl; C.sub.6
or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, or Het, said aryl, aralkyl or
Het being optionally substituted with R.sub.22, wherein R.sub.22 is
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino;
mono- or di-(lower alkyl)amino; .Iadd.amido; .Iaddend.(lower
alkyl)amide; .[.sulfonylalkyl;.]. (.Iadd.lower alkyl)sulfonyl;
.Iaddend.NO.sub.2; OH; halo; trifluoromethyl; carboxyl or Het.
22. A compound of formula I according to claim 21, wherein R.sub.21
is alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino; di(lower alkyl)amino; (lower
alkyl)amide; C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, or Het, said aryl or Het
being optionally substituted with R.sub.22, wherein R.sub.22 is
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; alkoxy, amino; mono- or di
(lower alkyl)amino; amido; (lower alkyl)amide; halo;
trifluoromethyl or Het.
23. A compound of formula I according to claim 22, wherein R.sub.22
is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; halo; amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with lower alkyl; amido; (lower alkyl)amide; or
Het.
24. A compound of formula I according to claim 23, wherein R.sub.22
is methyl; ethyl; isopropyl; tert-butyl; methoxy; chloro; amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with lower alkyl; amido,
.Iadd.or .Iaddend.(lower alkyl)amide.[.; or (lower alkyl)
2-thiazole.]. .
25. A compound of formula I according to claim 21, wherein R.sup.2
selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00311##
26. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R.sup.1
is H, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-5 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.2-4 alkenyl,
all optionally substituted with halo.
27. A compound of formula I according to claim 26, wherein P1 is:
##STR00312## and R.sup.1 is ethyl, vinyl, cyclopropyl, 1 or
2-bromoethyl or 1 or 2-bromovinyl.
28. A compound of formula I according to claim 27, wherein R.sup.1
is vinyl.
29. A compound of formula I according to claim 27, wherein R.sup.1
at carbon 2 is orientated syn to the carbonyl at position 1,
represented by the radical: ##STR00313##
30. A compound of formula I according to claim 27, wherein R.sup.1
at position 2 is orientated anti to the carbonyl at position 1,
represented by the radical: ##STR00314##
31. A compound of formula I according to claim 27, wherein carbon 1
has the R configuration: ##STR00315##
32. An optical isomer of a compound of formula I according to claim
31, wherein said R.sup.1 substituent and the carbonyl .Iadd.are
.Iaddend.in a syn orientation in the following absolute
configuration: ##STR00316##
33. A compound of formula I according to claim 32, wherein R.sup.1
is ethyl, hence the asymmetric carbon atoms at positions 1 and 2
have the R,R configuration.
34. A compound of formula I according to claim 32, wherein R.sup.1
is vinyl, hence the asymmetric carbon atoms at positions 1 and 2
have the R,S configuration.
35. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein B is a
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano,
cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or .Iadd.B is .Iaddend.Het or
(lower alkyl)-Het, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo,
haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or
amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or B is
R.sub.4--SO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.4 is amido; (lower alkyl)amide;
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl or Het, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or B is an acyl derivative of
formula R.sub.4--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, hydroxy.[.or.]. .Iadd.,
.Iaddend.C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, .[.(lower alkyl)amide,.]. or
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii)
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl .[.or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, both.].
optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6
alkoxy)carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; .Iadd.or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,.Iaddend. .[.(iv).].
(.Iadd.iii.Iaddend.) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16
aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy,
amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally .[.substituted.].
.Iadd.mono- or di-substituted .Iaddend.with C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
.[.(v).]. (.Iadd.iv.Iaddend.) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, .[.amino
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,.]. amido, (lower
alkyl)amide, or amino optionally .[.substituted.]. .Iadd.mono- or
di-substituted .Iaddend.with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or B is a carboxyl
derivative of formula R.sub.4--O--C(O)--, wherein R.sub.4 is (i)
C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)amide;
(ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all
optionally substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl,
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
amido or (lower alkyl)amide; .[.(iv).]. (.Iadd.iii.Iaddend.)
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl.Iadd., both
.Iaddend.optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy,
amido, (lower alkyl) amido, or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or .[.(v).].
(.Iadd.iv.Iaddend.) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)
amido, or B is an amide derivative of formula
R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally
substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amido,
(lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iii) amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-3 alkyl; (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally
.[.substituted.]. .Iadd.mono- or di-substituted .Iaddend.with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally
.[.substituted.]. .Iadd.mono- or di-substituted .Iaddend.with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)amide; and R.sub.5 is H or
methyl, or B is thioamide derivative of formula
R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--; wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amino or amido; Y is H or methyl;
R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl, acetamido, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl; R.sup.2 is S--R.sub.20 or O--R.sub.20
wherein R.sub.20 is pyrimidinyl, quinazolinyl,
--CH.sub.2-pyrimidinyl or .[.--CH.sub.2-pyrimidinyl or.].
--CH.sub.2--quinazolinyl, all optionally mono-, di- or
tri-substituted with R.sub.21, wherein R.sub.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; lower thioalkyl; amino or amido optionally
mono-or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10
aryl, .[.C.sub.7-16.]. .Iadd.C.sub.7-14 .Iaddend.aralkyl, Het or
(lower alkyl)-Het; NO.sub.2; OH; halo; trifluoromethyl; carboxyl;
.[.C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, or Het,.]. said
aryl, aralkyl or Het being optionally substituted with R.sub.22,
wherein R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino; mono- or di-(lower alkyl)amino; (lower
alkyl)amide; .[.sulfonylalkyl.]. (.Iadd.lower
alkyl)sulfonyl.Iaddend.; NO.sub.2; OH; halo; trifluoromethyl;
carboxyl or Het; or R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting
of: ##STR00317## wherein R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-5
cycloalkyl, or C.sub.2-4 alkenyl optionally substituted with halo,
and said R.sup.1 at carbon 2 is orientated syn to the
.[.carbonyl.]. .Iadd.carboxy .Iaddend.at position 1, represented by
the radical: ##STR00318## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or
ester thereof.
36. A compound according to claim 35 represented by the formula:
##STR00319## wherein B .[.[R.sub.3, R.sub.2 and R.sub.1].].
R.sup.3, R.sup.2 and R.sup.1 are as defined below: TABLE-US-00012
.[.R.sub.1.]. .Iadd.R.sup.1.Iaddend. Table 3 syn to Cpd # B
.[.R.sub.3.]. .Iadd.R.sup.3.Iaddend. .[.R.sub.2.].
.Iadd.R.sup.2.Iaddend. carboxyl .[.301 Boc cHex
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl; 302 ##STR00320## iPr
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl; 303 ##STR00321## cHex
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl; 304 Boc cHex ##STR00322## ethyl;
305 Boc cHex --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl vinyl; 306 Boc cHex
##STR00323## vinyl; 307 Boc cHex ##STR00324## vinyl; 308 Boc cHex
##STR00325## vinyl; 309 Boc cHex ##STR00326## vinyl; 310 Boc cHex
##STR00327## vinyl; 311 Boc cHex ##STR00328## vinyl; 312 Boc cHex
##STR00329## vinyl; 313 Boc cHex ##STR00330## vinyl; 314 Boc cHex
##STR00331## vinyl; 315 Boc cHex ##STR00332## vinyl; 316 Acetyl
cHex ##STR00333## vinyl; 317 Boc cHex ##STR00334## vinyl; 318
CF.sub.3--C(O)-- i-Pr ##STR00335## vinyl;.]. 319 ##STR00336## cHex
##STR00337## vinyl; 320 ##STR00338## cHex ##STR00339## vinyl; 321
Boc t-Bu ##STR00340## vinyl; .[.322 Boc t-Bu ##STR00341## vinyl;.].
323 Boc t-Bu ##STR00342## ##STR00343## .[.324 Boc t-Bu ##STR00344##
vinyl;.]. 325 Boc t-Bu ##STR00345## ##STR00346## .Iadd.324 Boc t-Bu
##STR00347## vinyl;.Iaddend. 326 Boc t-Bu ##STR00348## vinyl.
.[.327 ##STR00349## t-Bu ##STR00350## vinyl; 328 Boc t-Bu
##STR00351## vinyl; 329 Boc t-Bu ##STR00352## vinyl; 330 Boc t-Bu
##STR00353## vinyl; 331 ##STR00354## t-Bu ##STR00355## vinyl; 332
Boc t-Bu ##STR00356## ethyl; 333 ##STR00357## t-Bu ##STR00358##
vinyl; and 334 ##STR00359## t-Bu ##STR00360## vinyl.].
37. A compound according to claim 36, selected from the group
consisting of compound #: 319, 321, and 326.
38. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-hepatitis C
virally effective amount of a compound of a compound of formula I
according to claim 1, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester
thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
medium or auxilliary agent.
39. A method of treating a hepatitis C viral infection in a mammal
comprising administering to the mammal an anti-hepatitis C virally
effective amount of the compound of formula I according to claim 1,
or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
40. A method of treating a hepatitis C viral infection in a mammal
comprising administering to the mammal an anti-hepatitis C virally
effective amount of the composition according to claim .[.39.].
.Iadd.38.Iaddend..
41. A method of inhibiting the replication of hepatitis C virus
comprising exposing the virus to a hepatitis C viral NS3 protease
inhibiting amount of the compound of formula I according to claim
1, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
42. A method of treating a hepatitis C viral infection in a mammal
comprising administering thereto an anti-hepatitis C virally
effective amount of a combination of the compound of formula I
according to claim 1, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester
thereof with another anti-HCV agent.
43. A method according to claim 42, wherein said other anti-HCV
agent is selected from the group consisting of: .alpha.- or
.beta.-interferon, ribavirin and amantadine.
44. A method according to claim 42, wherein said other anti-HCV
agent comprises an inhibitor of other targets in the HCV life
cycle, selected from: helicase, polymerase, metalloprotease or
IRES.
45. A process for the preparation of a .[.peptide analog.].
.Iadd.compound .Iaddend.of formula (I) according to claim 1 wherein
P1 is a substituted aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid residue,
comprising the step of: coupling a peptide selected from the group
consisting of: APG-P3-P2; or APG-P2; with a P1 intermediate of
formula: ##STR00361## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
cycloalkyl or C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, all optionally substituted with
halogen, CPG is a carboxyl protecting group an APG is an amino
protecting group an P3 an P2 are as defined above.
46. A process for the preparation of: a .[.peptide analog.].
.Iadd.compound .Iaddend.of formula (I) according to claim 1, this
process comprising the step of: coupling a suitably protected amino
acid, peptide or peptide fragment with a P1 intermediate of
formula: ##STR00362## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
cycloalkyl or C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, all optionally substituted with
halogen, and CPG is a carboxyl protecting group.
47. A process for the preparation of: a .[.peptide analog.].
.Iadd.compound .Iaddend.of formula (I) according to claim 1, this
process comprising the step of: coupling a suitably protected amino
acid, peptide or peptide fragment with a P1 intermediate of
formula: ##STR00363## wherein CPG is a carboxyl protecting
group.
48. The process according to claim 45, 46 or 47 wherein said
carboxyl protecting group (CPG) is selected from the group
consisting of: alkyl esters, aralkyl esters, and esters being
cleavable by mild base treatment or mild reductive means.
49. Method of preparing a composition for treating a hepatitis C
viral infection in a mammal comprising combining an anti-hepatitis
C virally effective amount of the compound of formula I according
to claim 1, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester thereof,
with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier medium or auxiliary
agent.
50. Method of preparing a composition for inhibiting the
replication of hepatitis C virus comprising combining a hepatitis C
viral NS3 protease inhibiting amount of the compound of formula I
according to claim 1, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester
thereof, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier medium or
auxiliary agent.
51. Method of preparing a composition for treating a hepatitis C
viral infection in a mammal comprising combining an anti-hepatitis
C virally effective amount of a combination of the compound of
formula I according to claim 1, or a therapeutically acceptable
salt or ester thereof, and an interferon with a pharmaccutically
acceptable carrier medium or auxiliary agent.
52. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein each
Het group is independently selected from the group consisting of
pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, thiazolidine, pyrrole, 1,4-dioxane,
indole, or any of the following heterocycles: ##STR00364##
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds, process for their
synthesis, compositions and methods for the treatment of hepatitis
C virus (HCV) infection. In particular, the present invention
provides novel peptide analogs, pharmaceutical compositions
containing such analogs and methods for using these analogs in the
treatment of HCV infection. The present invention also provides
processes and intermediates for the synthesis of these peptide
analogs.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiological agent of
post-transfusion and community-acquired non-A non-B hepatitis
worldwide. It is estimated that over 150 million people worldwide
are infected by the virus. A high percentage of carriers become
chronically infected and many progress to chronic liver disease,
so-called chronic hepatitis C. This group is in turn at high risk
for serious liver disease such as liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular
carcinoma and terminal liver disease leading to death.
The mechanism by which HCV establishes viral persistence and causes
a high rate of chronic liver disease has not been thoroughly
elucidated. It is not known how HCV interacts with and evades the
host immune system. In addition, the roles of cellular and humoral
immune responses in protection against HCV infection and disease
have yet to be established. Immunoglobulins have been reported for
prophylaxis of transfusion-associated viral hepatitis, however, the
Center for Disease Control does not presently recommend
immunoglobulins treatment for this purpose. The lack of an
effective protective immune response is hampering the development
of a vaccine or adequate post-exposure prophylaxis measures, so in
the near-term, hopes are firmly pinned on antiviral
interventions.
Various clinical studies have been conducted with the goal of
identifying pharmaceutical agents capable of effectively treating
HCV infection in patients afflicted with chronic hepatitis C. These
studies have involved the use of interferon-alpha, alone and in
combination with other anti-viral agents. Such studies have shown
that a substantial number of the participants do not respond to
these therapies, and of those that do respond favorably, a large
proportion were found to relapse after termination of
treatment.
Until recently, interferon (IFN) was the only available therapy of
proven benefit approved in the clinic for patients with chronic
hepatitis C. However the sustained response rate is low, and
interferon treatment also induces severe side-effects (i.e.
retinopathy, thyroiditis, acute pancreatitis, depression) that
diminish the quality of life of treated patients. Recently,
interferon in combination with ribavirin has been approved for
patients non-responsive to IFN alone. However, the side effects
caused by IFN are not alleviated with this combination therapy.
Therefore, a need exists for the development of effective antiviral
agents for treatment of HCV infection that overcomes the
limitations of existing pharmaceutical therapies.
HCV is an enveloped positive strand RNA virus in the Flaviviridae
family. The single strand HCV RNA genome is approximately 9500
nucleotides in length and has a single open reading frame (ORF)
encoding a single large polyprotein of about 3000 amino acids. In
infected cells, this polyprotein is cleaved at multiple sites by
cellular and viral proteases to produce the structural and
non-structural (NS) proteins. In the case of HCV, the generation of
mature nonstructural proteins (NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and
NS5B) is effected by two viral proteases. The first one, as yet
poorly characterized, cleaves at the NS2-NS3 junction; the second
one is a serine protease contained within the N-terminal region of
NS3 (henceforth referred to as NS3 protease) and mediates all the
subsequent cleavages downstream of NS3, both in cis, at the
NS3-NS4A cleavage site, and in trans, for the remaining NS4A-NS4B,
NS4B-NS5A, NS5A-NS5B sites. The NS4A protein appears to serve
multiple functions, acting as a cofactor for the NS3 protease and
possibly assisting in the membrane localization of NS3 and other
viral replicase components. The complex formation of the NS3
protein with NS4A seems necessary to the processing events,
enhancing the proteolytic efficiency at all of the sites. The NS3
protein also exhibits nucleoside triphosphatase and RNA helicase
activities. NS5B is a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is involved
in the replication of HCV. A general strategy for the development
of antiviral agents is to inactivate virally encoded enzymes that
are essential for the replication of the virus. In this vein,
patent application WO 97/06804 describes the (-) enantiomer of the
nucleoside analogue cytosine-1,3-oxathiolane (also known as 3TC) as
active against HCV. This compound, although reported as safe in
previous clinical trials against HIV and HBV, has yet to be
clinically proven active against HCV and its mechanism of action
against the virus has yet to be reported.
Intense efforts to discover compounds which inhibit the NS3
protease or RNA helicase of HCV have led to the following
disclosures: U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,388 describes
heterocyclic-substituted carboxamides and analogues as being active
against HCV. These compounds are directed against the helicase
activity of the NS3 protein of the virus but clinical tests have
not yet been reported. A phenanthrenequinone has been reported by
Chu et al., (Tet. Lett., (1996), 7229-7232) to have activity
against the HCV NS3 protease in vitro. No further development on
this compound has been reported. A paper presented at the Ninth
International Conference on Antiviral Research, Urabandai,
Fukyshima, Japan (1996) (Antiviral Research, (1996), 30, 1, A23
(abstract 19)) reports thiazolidine derivatives to be inhibitory to
the HCV protease.
Several studies have reported compounds inhibitory to other serine
proteases, such as human leukocyte elastase. One family of these
compounds is reported in WO 95/33764 (Hoechst Marion Roussel,
1995). The peptides disclosed in this application are
morpholinylcarbonyl-benzoyl-peptide analogues that are structurally
different from the peptides of the present invention. WO 98/17679
from Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. discloses inhibitors of serine
protease, particularly, Hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. These
inhibitors are peptide analogues based on the NS5A/B natural
substrate. Although several tripeptides are disclosed, all of these
peptide analogues contain C-terminal activated carbonyl function as
an essential feature. These analogues were also reported to be
active against other serine protease and are therefore not specific
for HCV NS3 protease. Hoffman LaRoche has also reported
hexapeptides that are proteinase inhibitors useful as antiviral
agents for the treatment of HCV infection. These peptides contain
an aldehyde or a boronic acid at the C-terminus. Steinkuhler et al.
and Ingallinella el al. have published on NS4A-4B product
inhibition (Biochemistry (1998), 37, 8899-8905 and 8906-8914).
However, the peptides and peptide analogues presented do not
include nor do they lead to the design of the peptides of the
present invention.
One advantage of the present invention is that it provides
tripeptides that are inhibitory to the NS3 protease of the
hepatitis C virus.
A further advantage of one aspect of the present invention resides
in the fact that these peptides specifically inhibit the NS3
protease and do not show significant inhibitory activity at
concentrations up to 300 .mu.M against other serine proteases such
as human leukocyte elastase (HLE), porcine pancreatic elastase
(PPE), or bovine pancreatic chymotypsin, or cysteine proteases such
as human liver cathepsin B (Cat B),
A further advantage of the present invention is that it provides
small peptides of low molecular weight that may be capable of
penetrating cell membranes and may be active in cell culture and in
vivo with good pharmacokinetic profile.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Included in the scope of the invention are racemates,
diastereoisomers and optical isomers of a compound of formula (I):
##STR00002## wherein B is H, a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16
aralkyl; Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all of which optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl; hydroxy; hydroxy-alkyl; halo; haloalkyl; nitro; cyano;
cyanoalkyl; amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of formula
R.sub.4--C(O)--; a carboxyl derivative of formula
R.sub.4--O--C(O)--; an amide derivative of formula
R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)--; a thioamide derivative of formula
R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(S)--; or a sulfonyl derivative of formula
R.sub.4--SO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido, or (lower alkyl) amide; (ii) C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkoxy, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
all optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6
alkoxy)carbonyl, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido, or (lower alkyl) amide; (iii) amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; amido; or
(lower alkyl)amide; (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-6
aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy,
amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower
alkyl)-Het, both optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
hydroxy, amido, (lower alkyl) amide, or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; R.sub.5 is H or C.sub.1-6
alkyl; with the proviso that when B is a carboxyl derivative, an
amide derivative or a thioamide derivative, R.sub.4 is not a
cycloalkoxy; and Y is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-8
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all
optionally substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6
thioalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, or
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl; R.sub.2 is CH.sub.2-R.sub.20, NH-R.sub.20,
O-R.sub.20 or S-R.sub.20, wherein R.sub.20 is a saturated or
unsaturated C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 (alkylcycloalkyl),
all of which being optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with
R.sub.21, or R.sub.20 is a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-14
aralkyl, all optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with
R.sub.21, or R.sub.20 is Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally
mono-, di- or tri-substituted with R.sub.21, wherein each R.sub.21
is independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; lower
thioalkyl; sulfonyl; NO.sub.2; OH; SH; halo; haloalkyl; amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6 or
C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl, Het or (lower alkyl)-Het; amido
optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6 or
C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl, Het or (lower alkyl)-Het;
carboxyl; carboxy(lower alkyl); C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
C.sub.7-14 aralkyl or Het, said aryl, aralkyl or Het being
optionally substituted with R.sub.22; wherein R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; sulfonyl; (lower
alkyl)sulfonyl; NO.sub.2; OH; SH; halo; haloalkyl; carboxyl; amide;
(lower alkyl)amide; or Het optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, all optionally substituted
with halogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester
thereof.
Included within the scope of this invention is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising an anti-hepatitis C virally effective amount
of a compound of formula I, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or
ester thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier medium or auxiliary agent.
An important aspect of the invention involves a method of treating
a hepatitis C viral infection in a mammal by administering to the
mammal an anti-hepatitis C virally effective amount of the compound
of formula I, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester thereof
or a composition as described above,
Another important aspect involves a method of inhibiting the
replication of hepatitis C virus by exposing the virus to a
hepatitis C viral NS3 protease inhibiting amount of the compound of
formula I, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or ester thereof or
a composition as described above.
Still another aspect involves a method of treating a hepatitis C
viral infection in a mammal by administering thereto an
anti-hepatitis C virally effective amount of a combination of the
compound of formula I, or a therapeutically acceptable salt or
ester thereof. According to one embodiment, the pharmaceutical
compositions of this invention comprise an additional
immunomodulatory agent. Examples of additional immunomodulatory
agents include but are not limited to, .alpha.-, .beta.-, and
.delta.-interferons.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Definitions
As used herein, the following definitions apply unless otherwise
noted: With reference to the instances where (R) or (S) is used to
designate the configuration of a substituent, e.g. R.sup.1 of the
compound of formula I, the designation is done in the context of
the compound and not in the context of the substituent alone.
The natural amino acids, with exception of glycine, contain a
chiral carbon atom. Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the
compounds containing natural amino acids with the L-configuration
are preferred. However, applicants contemplate that when specified,
some amino acids of the formula I can be of either D- or
L-configuration or can be mixtures of D- and L-isomers, including
racemic mixtures.
The designation "P1, P2 and P3" as used herein refer to the
position of the amino acid residues starting from the C-terminus
end of the peptide analogues and extending towards the N-terminus
[i.e. P1 refers to position 1 from the C-terminus, P2: second
position from the C-terminus, etc.) (see Berger A. & Schechter
I., Transactions of the Royal Society London series (1970), B257,
249-264[.
The abbreviations for the .alpha.-amino acids used in this
application are set forth in Table A.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A Amino Acid Symbol
1-aminocyclopropyl-carboxylic acid Acca Alanine Ala Aspartic acid
Asp Cysteine Cys Cyclohexylglycin (also named: 2-amino-2- Chg
cyclohexylacetic acid) Glutamic acid Glu Isoleucine Ile Leucine Leu
Phenylalanine Phe Proline Pro Valine Val tert-Butylglycine Tbg
Preferred Embodiments
Included within the scope of this invention are compounds of
formula I wherein Preferably, B is a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl,
halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower
alkyl)amido, or amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
or B is preferably Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano,
cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
Alternatively, B is preferably R.sub.4--SO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.4 is
preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl; amido; (lower alkyl)amide; C.sub.6 or
C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl or Het, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
Alternatively, B is preferably an acyl derivative of formula
R.sub.4--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, hydroxy or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, both optionally substituted with
hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amido, (lower
alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16
aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy,
amido, (lower alkyl) amide, or amino optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or
amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
Alternatively, B is preferably a carboxyl of formula
R.sub.4--O--C(O)--, wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i) C.sub.1-10
alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)amide; (ii) C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted
with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower
alkyl)amide; (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower
alkyl)amido, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)
amido.
Alternatively, B is preferably an amide of formula R.sub.4--N
(R.sub.5)--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i) C.sub.1-10
alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, (lower alkyl) amido, or amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii)
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally
substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido,
(lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iii) amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-3 alkyl; (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower alkyl) amide, or amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het,
both optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower
alkyl)amide; and R.sub.5 is preferably H or methyl.
Alternatively, B is a preferably thioamide of formula
R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--; wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i) C.sub.1-10
alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amino or amido.
More preferably, B is a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano,
cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, such that B is for example:
##STR00003## or B is more preferably Het optionally substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl,
hydroxy, halo, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, such that B is for example:
##STR00004##
Alternatively, B is more preferably R.sub.4--SO.sub.2 wherein
R.sub.4 is preferably C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, a C.sub.7-14
aralkyl or Het all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
amido, (lower alkyl) amide, such that B is, for example:
##STR00005##
Alternatively, B is more preferably an acyl derivative of formula
R.sub.4--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, hydroxy or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
or (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, both
optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)
carbonyl, such that B is, for example: ##STR00006## or R.sub.4 is
preferably (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, such that B
is for example: ##STR00007## or R.sub.4 is preferably (v) Het
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido or
amino, such that B is for example: ##STR00008##
Alternatively, B is more preferably a carboxyl of formula
R.sub.4--O--C(O)--, wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i) C.sub.1-10
alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or amido, (lower alkyl) amide, amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii)
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally
substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido,
(lower alkyl)amide, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, such that B is for example: ##STR00009## (iv)
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het,
both optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido,
or amino optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, such
that B is for example: ##STR00010##
Alternatively, B is more preferably an amide of formula
R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i)
C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, (lower alkyl) amide,
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii)
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally
substituted with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido,
(lower alkyl)amide, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; and R.sub.5 is H or methyl, such that B is for
example: ##STR00011## or R.sub.4 is preferably (iii) amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-3 alkyl, such that
B is for example: ##STR00012## or R.sub.4 is preferably (iv)
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido, such
that B is for example: ##STR00013##
Alternatively, B is more preferably a thioamide of formula
R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--; wherein R.sub.4 is preferably R.sub.4 is (i)
C.sub.1-10 alkyl; or (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, such that B is for
example: ##STR00014##
Most preferably, B is an amide of formula R.sub.4--NH--C (O)--
wherein R.sub.4 is preferably (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally
substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy amido, (lower alkyl) amide, amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with
carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide,
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
##STR00015## or R.sub.4 is preferably (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
hydroxy, amino or amido, such that B is for example:
##STR00016##
Even most preferably, B is tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) or
##STR00017##
Preferably, Y is H or methyl. More preferably, Y is H.
Preferably, R.sup.3 is alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl, acetamido, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, such that B is for example: ##STR00018##
More preferably, R.sup.3 is the side chain of tert-butylglycine
(Tbg), He, Val, Chg or ##STR00019##
Most preferably, R.sup.3 is the side chain of Tbg, Chg or Val.
Included within the scope of the invention are compounds of formula
I wherein, preferably, R.sup.2 is S--R.sub.20 or O--R.sub.20
wherein R.sub.20 is preferably a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, Het or --CH.sub.2--Het, all optionally mono-,
di- or tri-substituted with R.sub.21.
Preferably, R.sub.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; lower
thioalkyl; amino or amido optionally mono-or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, Het
or (lower alkyl)-Het; NO.sub.2; OH; halo; trifluoromethyl;
carboxyl; C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, or Het,
said aryl, aralkyl or Het being optionally substituted with
R.sub.22. More preferably, R.sub.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
C.sub.1-6alkoxy; amino; di(lower alkyl)amino; (lower alkyl)amide;
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, or Het, said aryl or Het being optionally
substituted with R.sub.22. Preferably, R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino; mono- or di-(lower
alkyl)amino; (lower alkyl)amide; sulfonylalkyl; NO.sub.2; OH; halo;
trifluoromethyl; carboxyl or Het. More preferably, R.sub.22 is
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino;
mono- or di(lower alkyl)amino; amido; (lower alkyl)amide; halo;
trifluoromethyl or Het. Most preferably, R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; halo; amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with lower alkyl; amido; (lower alkyl)amide; or Het.
Even most preferably, R.sub.22 is methyl; ethyl; isopropyl;
tert-butyl; methoxy; chloro; amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with lower alkyl; amido, (lower alkyl) amide; or
(lower alkyl) 2-thiazole.
Alternatively, R.sup.2 is preferably selected from the group
consisting of: ##STR00020##
More preferably, R.sup.2 is 1-naphthylmethoxy; 2-naphthylmethoxy;
benzyloxy, 1-naphthyloxy; 2-naphthyloxy; or quinolinoxy
unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with R.sub.21 as defined
above. Most preferably, R.sup.2 is 1-naphtylmethoxy, or quinolinoxy
unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with R.sub.21 as defined
above, such that R.sup.2 is for example: ##STR00021##
Still, more preferably, R.sup.2 is: ##STR00022##
More preferably, R.sub.21A is C.sub.1-6 alkyl such as isopropyl,
tert-butyl or cyclohexyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy such as methoxy,
##STR00023## lower thioalkyl such as ##STR00024## halo such as
chloro; amino optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, such that R.sub.21A is for example:
dimethylamino, Ph--N(Me)--; unsubstituted C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, such as for example phenyl or ##STR00025## or
R.sup.21A is more preferably Het optionally substituted with
R.sub.22 wherein R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, (lower alkyl)amide, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or Het, such that R.sub.21A is for example:
##STR00026##
Most preferably, R.sub.21A is C.sub.6, C.sub.10 aryl or Het, all
optionally substituted with R.sub.22 as defined above, such that
R.sub.21A is for example: ##STR00027## wherein R.sub.21A is
preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl (such as methyl); C.sub.1-6 alkoxy (such
as methoxy); or halo (such as chloro); R.sup.22B is preferably
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amino optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; and R.sub.21B is preferably
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino, di(lower alkyl)amino,
(lower alkyl) amide, NO.sub.2, OH, halo, trifluoromethyl, or
carboxyl. More preferably, R.sub.21B is C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
di(lower alkyl)amino. Most preferably, R.sub.21B is methoxy.
As described hereinabove the P1 segment of the compounds of formula
I is a cyclobutyl or cyclopropyl ring, both optionally substituted
with R.sup.1.
Preferably, R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-5 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.2-4 alkenyl optionally substituted with halo. More preferably
R.sup.1 is ethyl, vinyl, cyclopropyl, 1 or 2-bromoethyl or 1 or
2-bromovinyl. Most preferably, R.sup.1 is vinyl.
When R.sup.1 is not H, then P1 is preferably a cyclopropyl system
of formula: ##STR00028## wherein C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 each represent
an asymmetric carbon atom at positions 1 and 2 of the cyclopropyl
ring. Not withstanding other possible asymmetric centers at other
segments of the compounds of formula I, the presence of these two
asymmetric centers means that the compounds of formula I can exist
as racemic mixtures of diastereoisomers. As illustrated in the
examples hereinafter, the racemic mixtures can be prepared and
thereafter separated into individual optical isomers, or these
optical isomers can be prepared by chiral synthesis.
Hence, the compound of formula I can exist as a racemic mixture of
diastereoisomers at carbon 1 but wherein R.sup.1 at carbon 2 is
orientated syn to the carbonyl at position 1, represented by the
radical: ##STR00029## or the compound of formula I can exist as a
racemic mixture of diastereoisomers wherein R.sup.1 at position 2
is orientated and to the carbonyl at position 1, represented by the
radical: ##STR00030##
In turn, the racemic mixtures can be separated into individual
optical isomers. A most interesting finding of this invention
pertains to the addition of a R.sup.1 substituent on the carbon 2
as well as the spatial orientation of the P1 segment. The finding
concerns the configuration of the asymmetric carbon 1. A preferred
embodiment is one wherein R.sup.1 is not H and carbon 1 has the R
configuration. ##STR00031##
More explicitly, the introduction of a substituent (R.sup.1) at C2
has an impact on the potency when R.sup.3 is introduced in a way
that C1 has the R configuration. For example compounds 901 (1R,2S )
and 203 (1R,2R) have activities of 25 and 82 nM respectively. When
compared to the unsubstituted cyclopropyl compound 111 (475 nM), a
substantial increase in potency is observed. Moreover, as shown for
compounds 901 and 203, when carbon 1 has the R configuration, HCV
NS3 protease inhibition is further enhanced by the configuration of
the substituent R.sup.1 (e.g. alkyl or alkylene) at carbon 2 of the
cyclopropyl ring, e.g. the compound that possesses R.sup.1 "syn" to
the carboxyl has greater potency (25 nM) than the "anti" enantiomer
(82 nM). We can see the effect of the R vs. S configuration at the
C1 by comparing compounds 801 (1R,2S) and its corresponding (1S,2S)
isomer which have potencies of 6 nM and >10 .mu.M respectively,
a difference of over 1500 fold!! Therefore a most preferred
compound is an optical isomer having the R.sup.1 substituent and
the carbonyl in a syn orientation in the following absolute
configuration: ##STR00032## In the case where R.sup.1 is ethyl, for
example, the asymmetric carbon atoms at positions 1 and 2 have the
R,R configuration.
Included within the scope of this invention are compounds of
formula I wherein B is a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16
aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl,
nitro, cyano, cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or Het or (lower
alkyl)-Het, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo,
haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or
amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or B is
R.sub.4--SO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.4 is preferably amido; (lower
alkyl)amide; C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-14 aralkyl or Het,
all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or B is an acyl
derivative of formula R.sub.4--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is (i)
C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl, hydroxy or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, both optionally
substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy)carbonyl,
amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het,
both optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or B is an carboxyl of
formula R.sub.4--O--C(O)--, wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino, optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)amide; (ii) C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted
with carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower
alkyl)amide; (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl
optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower
alkyl) amido, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)
amido, or B is an amide of formula R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)--
wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with
carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido,
(lower alkyl)amido, or amino optionally mono- or di-substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, or amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iii)
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-3 alkyl; (iv)
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido, (lower
alkyl)amide, or amino optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, both optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amido or (lower alkyl)amide; and R.sub.5 is
preferably H or methyl, or B is thioamide of formula
R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--; wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-10 alkanoyl or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amino or amido; Y is H or methyl;
R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl, acetamido, C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl; R.sup.2 is S--R.sub.20 or O--R.sub.20
wherein R.sub.20 is preferably a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, Het or --CH.sub.2-Het, all optionally mono-,
di- or tri-substituted with R.sub.21, wherein R.sub.21 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; lower thioalkyl; amino or amido optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.6, or C.sub.10
aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, Het or (lower alkyl)-Het; NO.sub.2; OH;
halo; trifluoromethyl; carboxyl; C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl,
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, or Het, said aryl, aralkyl or Het being
optionally substituted with R.sub.22, wherein R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; amino; mono- or
di-(lower alkyl)amino; (lower alkyl)amide; sulfonylalkyl; NO.sub.2;
OH; halo; trifluoromethyl; carboxyl or Het; or R.sup.2 is selected
from the group consisting of: ##STR00033## or R.sup.2 is
1-naphthylmethoxy; 2-naphthylmethoxy; benzyloxy, 1-naphthyloxy;
2-naphthyloxy; or quinolinoxy unsubstituted, mono- or
di-substituted with R.sub.21 as defined above; the P1 segment is a
cyclobutyl or cyclopropyl ring, both optionally substituted with
R.sup.1, wherein R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-5
cycloalkyl, or C.sub.2-4 alkenyl optionally substituted with halo,
and said R.sup.1 at carbon 2 is orientated syn to the carbonyl at
position 1, represented by the radical: ##STR00034##
Included within the scope of this invention are compounds of
formula I wherein B is a C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano,
cyanoalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino optionally mono- or
di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or B is Het optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6
alkanoyl, hydroxy, halo, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, or amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or B is
R.sub.4SO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.4 is C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl, a
C.sub.7-14 aralkyl or Het all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl; amido, (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of
formula R.sub.4--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, hydroxy or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
or (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, both
optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6
alkoxy)carbonyl; or (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16
aralkyl, all optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy;
or (v) Het optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy,
amido or amino; or B is a carboxyl of formula R.sub.4--O--C(O)--,
wherein R.sub.4 is (i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with
carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, alkoxy or amido, (lower
alkyl)amide, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (iv)
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het or (lower alkyl)-Het,
both optionally substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amido,
or amino optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or B is
an amide of formula R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is
(i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with carboxyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, (lower
alkyl)amide, amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with carboxyl,
(C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; and
R.sub.5 is H or methyl; or R.sub.4 is (iii) amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-3 alkyl; or (iv) C.sub.6 or C.sub.10
aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl, all optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido optionally substituted
with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or (v) Het optionally substituted with
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido; or B is a thioamide of
formula R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--; wherein R.sub.4 is: (i) C.sub.1-10
alkyl; or (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; or B is an amide of formula
R.sub.4--NH--C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 is i) C.sub.1-10 alkyl
optionally substituted with carboxyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy amido, (lower alkyl) amide, amino optionally mono-
or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii) C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl
or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with
carboxyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amide,
amino optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (iv)
C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7-16 aralkyl optionally
substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, amino or amido; Y is H;
R.sup.3 is the side chain of tert-butylglycine (Tbg), He, Val, Chg
or; ##STR00035## R.sup.2 is 1-naphtylmethoxy; or quinolinoxy
unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with R.sub.21 as defined
above, or R.sup.2 is: ##STR00036## wherein R.sub.21A is C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; C.sub.6, C.sub.10 aryl or Het; lower
thioalkyl; halo; amino optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl; or C.sub.6, C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7-16 aralkyl or Het,
optionally substituted with R.sub.22 wherein R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, (lower alkyl)amide, amino
optionally mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or Het; P1
is a cyclopropyl ring wherein carbon 1 has the R configuration,
##STR00037## and R.sup.1 is ethyl, vinyl, cyclopropyl, 1 or
2-bromoethyl or 1 or 2-bromovinyl.
Further included in the scope of the invention are compounds of
formula I wherein: ##STR00038## B is tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) or
R.sup.3 is the side chain of Tbg, Chg or Val; R.sup.2: ##STR00039##
wherein R.sub.22A is C.sub.1-6 alkyl (such as methyl); C.sub.1-6
alkoxy (such as methoxy); or halo (such as chloro); R.sup.22B is
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, amino optionally mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, amido, or (lower alkyl) amide; and R.sub.21B is C.sub.1-6
alkyl, alkoxy, amino, di(lower alkyl)amino, (lower alkyl)amide,
NO.sub.2, OH, halo, trifluoromethyl, or carboxyl; and P1 is:
##STR00040##
Finally, included within the scope of this invention is each
compound of formula I as presented in Tables 1 to 10.
According to an alternate embodiment, the pharmaceutical
compositions of this invention may additionally comprise another
anti-HCV agent. Examples of anti-HCV agents include, .alpha.- or
.beta.-interferon, ribavirin and amantadine.
According to another alternate embodiment, the pharmaceutical
compositions of this invention may additionally comprise other
inhibitors of HCV protease.
According to yet another alternate embodiment, the pharmaceutical
compositions of this invention may additionally comprise an
inhibitor of other targets in the HCV life cycle, including but not
limited to, helicase, polymerase, metallo-protease or internal
ribosome entry site (IRES).
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be
administered orally, parenterally or via an implanted reservoir.
Oral administration or administration by injection is preferred.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may contain any
conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers,
adjuvants or vehicles. In some cases, the pH of the formulation may
be adjusted with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, bases or
buffers to enhance the stability of the formulated compound or its
delivery form. The term parenteral as used herein includes
subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular,
intra-articular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, and
intralesional injection or infusion techniques.
The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile
injectable preparation, for example, as a sterile injectable
aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated
according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing
or wetting agents (such as, for example Tween 80) and suspending
agents.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be orally
administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but
not limited to, capsules, tablets, and aqueous suspensions and
solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers which are
commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents,
such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral
administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose
and dried corn starch. When aqueous suspensions are administered
orally, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and
suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring
and/or coloring agents may be added.
Other suitable vehicles or carriers for the above noted
formulations and compositions can be found in standard
pharmaceutical texts, e.g. in "Remington's Pharmaceutical
Sciences", The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19.sup.th Ed. Mack
Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., (1995).
Dosage levels of between about 0.01 and about 100 mg/kg body weight
per day, preferably between about 0.5 and about 75 mg/kg body
weight per day of the protease inhibitor compounds described herein
are useful in a monotherapy for the prevention and treatment of HCV
mediated disease. Typically, the pharmaceutical compositions of
this invention will be administered from about 1 to about 5 times
per day or alternatively, as a continuous infusion. Such
administration can be used as a chronic or acute therapy. The
amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier
materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon
the host treated and the particular mode of administration. A
typical preparation will contain from about 5% to about 95% active
compound (w/w). Preferably, such preparations contain from about
20% to about 80% active compound.
As the skilled artisan will appreciate, lower or higher doses than
those recited above may be required. Specific dosage and treatment
regimens for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of
factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed,
the age, body weight, general health status, sex, diet, time of
administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity
and course of the infection, the patient's disposition to the
infection and the judgment of the treating physician. Generally,
treatment is initiated with small dosages substantially less than
the optimum dose of the peptide. Thereafter, the dosage is
increased by small increments until the optimum effect under the
circumstances is reached. In general, the compound is most
desirably administered at a concentration level that will generally
afford antivirally effective results without causing any harmful or
deleterious side effects.
When the compositions of this invention comprise a combination of a
compound of formula I and one or more additional therapeutic or
prophylactic agent, both the compound and the additional agent
should be present at dosage levels of between about 10 to 100%, and
more preferably between about 10 and 80% of the dosage normally
administered in a monotherapy regimen.
When these compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are
formulated together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the
resulting composition maybe administered in vivo to mammals, such
as man, to inhibit HCV NS3 protease or to treat or prevent HCV
virus infection. Such treatment may also be achieved using the
compounds of this invention in combination with agents which
include, but are not limited to: immunomodulatory agents, such as
.alpha.-, .beta.-, or .gamma.-interferons; other antiviral agents
such as ribavirin, amantadine; other inhibitors of HCV NS3
protease; inhibitors of other targets in the HCV life cycle, which
include but not limited to, helicase, polymerase, metalloprotease,
or internal ribosome entry site (IRES); or combinations thereof.
The additional agents may be combined with the compounds of this
invention to create a single dosage form. Alternatively these
additional agents may be separately administered to a mammal as
part of a multiple dosage form.
Accordingly, another embodiment of this invention provides methods
of inhibiting HCV NS3 protease activity in mammals by administering
a compound of the formula I, wherein the substituents are as
defined above.
In a preferred embodiment, these methods are useful in decreasing
HCV NS3 protease activity in a mammal. If the pharmaceutical
composition comprises only a compound of this invention as the
active component, such methods may additionally comprise the step
of administering to said mammal an agent selected from an
immunomodulatory agent, an antiviral agent, a HCV protease
inhibitor, or an inhibitor of other targets in the HCV life cycle
such as helicase, polymerase, or metallo protease or IRES. Such
additional agent may be administered to the mammal prior to,
concurrently with, or following the administration of the
compositions of this invention.
In an alternate preferred embodiment, these methods are useful for
inhibiting viral replication in a mammal. Such methods are useful
in treating or preventing HCV disease. If the pharmaceutical
composition comprises only a compound of this invention as the
active component, such methods may additionally comprise the step
of administering to said mammal an agent selected from an
immunomodulatory agent, an antiviral agent, a HCV protease
inhibitor, or an inhibitor of other targets in the HCV life cycle.
Such additional agent may be administered to the mammal prior to,
concurrently with, or following the administration of the
composition according to this invention.
The compounds set forth herein may also be used as laboratory
reagents. The compounds of this invention may also be used to treat
or prevent viral contamination of materials and therefore reduce
the risk of viral infection of laboratory or medical personnel or
patients who come in contact with such materials (e.g. blood,
tissue, surgical instruments and garments, laboratory instruments
and garments, and blood collection apparatuses and materials).
The compounds set forth herein may also be used as research
reagents. The compounds of this invention may also be used as
positive control to validate surrogate cell-based assays or in
vitro or in vivo viral replication assays.
Process
The compounds of the present invention were synthesized according
to a general process as illustrated in scheme I (wherein CPG is a
carboxyl protecting group and APG is an amino protecting group):
##STR00041## Briefly, the P1, P2, and P3 can be linked by well
known peptide coupling techniques. The P1, P2, and P3 groups may be
linked together in any order as long as the final compound
corresponds to peptides of Formula I. For example, P3 can be linked
to P2-P1; or P1 linked to P3-P2. Generally, peptides are elongated
by deprotecting the .alpha.-amino group of the N-terminal residue
and coupling the unprotected carboxyl group of the next suitably
N-protected amino acid through a peptide linkage using the methods
described. This deprotection and coupling procedure is repeated
until the desired sequence is obtained. This coupling can be
performed with the constituent amino acids in stepwise fashion, as
depicted in Scheme I, or by solid phase peptide synthesis according
to the method originally described in Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc,
(1963), 85, 2149-2154, the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by reference. Coupling between two amino acids, an
amino acid and a peptide, or two peptide fragments can be carried
out using standard coupling procedures such as the azide method,
mixed carbonic-carboxylic acid anhydride (isobutyl chloroformate)
method, carbodiimide (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,
diisopropylcarbodiimide, or water-soluble carbodiimide) method,
active ester (p-nitrophenyl ester, N-hydroxysuccinic imido ester)
method, Woodward reagent K-method, carbonyidiimidazole method,
phosphorus reagents or oxidation-reduction methods. Some of these
methods (especially the carbodiimide method) can be enhanced by
adding 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. These coupling reactions can be
performed in either solution (liquid phase) or solid phase.
More explicitly, the coupling step involves the dehydrative
coupling of a free carboxyl of one reactant with the free amino
group of the other reactant in the presence of a coupling agent to
form a linking amide bond. Descriptions of such coupling agents are
found in general textbooks on peptide chemistry, for example, M.
Bodanszky, "Peptide Chemistry", 2.sup.nd rev ed., Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, Germany, (1993). Examples of suitable coupling agents are
N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in the
presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or
N-ethyl-N'-[(3-dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide. A practical and
useful coupling agent is the commercially available
(benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris-(dimethylamino)phosphonium
hexafluorophosphate, either by itself or in the presence of
1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Another practical and useful coupling agent
is commercially available
2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium
tetrafluoroborate. Still another practical and useful coupling
agent is commercially available
O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate.
The coupling reaction is conducted in an inert solvent, e.g.
dichloromethane, acetonitrile or dimethylformamide. An excess of a
tertiary amine, e.g. diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine or
N-methylpyrrolidine, is added to maintain the reaction mixture at a
pH of about 8. The reaction temperature usually ranges between
0.degree. C. and 50.degree. C. and the reaction time usually ranges
between 15 min and 24 h.
When a solid phase synthetic approach is employed, the C-terminal
carboxylic acid is attached to an insoluble carrier (usually
polystyrene). These insoluble carriers contain a group that will
react with the carboxylic group to form a bond that is stable to
the elongation conditions but readily cleaved later. Examples of
which are: chloro- or bromomethyl resin, hydroxymethyl resin,
trytil resin and 2-methoxy-4-alkoxy-benzylaloconol resin.
Many of these resins are commercially available with the desired
C-terminal amino acid already incorporated. Alternatively, the
amino acid can be incorporated on the solid support by known
methods (Wang, S.-S.,J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1973), 95, 1328; Atherton,
E.; Shepard, R. C. "Solid-phase peptide synthesis; a practical
approach" IRL Press: Oxford, (1989); 131-148). In addition to the
foregoing, other methods of peptide synthesis are described in
Stewart and Young, "Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis", 2.sup.nd ed.,
Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill. (1984); Gross, Meienhofer,
Udenfriend, Eds., "The Peptides; Analysis, Synthesis, Biology",
Vol. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 9, Academic Press, New-York, (1980-1987);
Bodansky et al., "The Practice of Peptide Synthesis"
Springer-Verlag, New-York (1984), the disclosures of which are
hereby incorporated by reference.
The functional groups of the constituent amino acids generally must
be protected during the coupling reactions to avoid formation of
undesired bonds. The protecting groups that can be used are listed
in Greene, "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", John Wiley
& Sons, New York (1981) and "The Peptides: Analysis, Synthesis,
Biology", Vol. 3, Academic Press, New York (1981), the disclosures
of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The .alpha.-carboxyl group of the C-terminal residue is usually
protected as an ester (CPG) that can be cleaved to give the
carboxylic acid. Protecting groups that can be used include: 1)
alkyl esters such as methyl, trimethylsilylethyl and t-butyl, 2)
aralkyl esters such as benzyl and substituted benzyl, or 3) esters
that can be cleaved by mild base treatment or mild reductive means
such as trichloroethyl and phenacyl esters.
The .alpha.-amino group of each amino acid to be coupled to the
growing peptide chain must be protected (APG). Any protecting group
known in the art can be used. Examples of such groups include: 1)
acyl groups such as formyl, trifluoroacetyl, phthalyl, and
p-toluenesulfonyl; 2) aromatic carbamate groups such as
benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz or Z) and substituted benzyloxycarbonyls,
and 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc); 3) aliphatic carbamate
groups such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc),
ethoxycarbonyl,diisopropylmethoxycarbonyl, and allyloxycarbonyl; 4)
cyclic alkyl carbamate groups such as cyclopentyloxycarbonyl and
adamantyloxycarbonyl; 5) alkyl groups such as triphenylmethyl and
benzyl; 6) trialkylsilyl such as trimethylsilyl; and 7) thiol
containing groups such as phenylthiocarbonyl and dithiasuccinoyl.
The preferred .alpha.-amino protecting group is either Boc or Fmoc.
Many amino acid derivatives suitably protected for peptide
synthesis are commercially available.
The .alpha.-amino protecting group of the newly added amino acid
residue is cleaved prior to the coupling of the next amino acid.
When the Boc group is used, the methods of choice are
trifluoroacetic acid, neat or in dichloromethane, or HCl in dioxane
or in ethyl acetate. The resulting ammonium salt is then
neutralized either prior to the coupling or in situ with basic
solutions such as aqueous buffers, or tertiary amines in
dichloromethane or acetonitrile or dimethylformamide. When the Fmoc
group is used, the reagents of choice are piperidine or substituted
piperidine in dimethylformamide, but any secondary amine can be
used. The deprotection is carried out at a temperature between
0.degree. C. and room temperature (RT) usually 20-22.degree. C.
Any of the amino acids having side chain functionalities must be
protected during the preparation of the peptide using any of the
above-described groups. Those skilled in the art will appreciate
that the selection and use of appropriate protecting groups for
these side chain functionalities depend upon the amino acid and
presence of other protecting groups in the peptide. The selection
of such protecting groups is important in that the group must not
be removed during the deprotection and coupling of the
.alpha.-amino group.
For example, when Boc is used as the .alpha.-amino protecting
group, the following side chain protecting group are suitable:
p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) moieties can be used to protect the amino
side chain of amino acids such as Lys and Arg; acetamidomethyl,
benzyl (Bn), or t-butylsulfonyl moieties can be used to protect the
sulfide containing side chain of cysteine; benzyl (Bn) ethers can
be used to protect the hydroxy containing side chains of serine,
threonine or hydroxyproline; and benzyl esters can be used to
protect the carboxy containing side chains of aspartic acid and
glutamic acid.
When Fmoc is chosen for the .alpha.-amine protection, usually
tert-butyl based protecting groups are acceptable. For instance,
Boc can be used for lysine and arginine, tert-butyl ether for
serine, threonine and hydroxyproline, and tert-butyl ester for
aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Triphenylmethyl (Trityl) moiety
can be used to protect the sulfide containing side chain of
cysteine.
Once the elongation of the peptide is completed all of the
protecting groups are removed. When a liquid phase synthesis is
used, the protecting groups are removed in whatever manner is
dictated by the choice of protecting groups. These procedures are
well known to those skilled in the art.
When a solid phase synthesis is used, the peptide is cleaved from
the resin simultaneously with the removal of the protecting groups.
When the Boc protection method is used in the synthesis, treatment
with anhydrous HF containing additives such as dimethyl sulfide,
anisole, thioanisole, or p-cresol at 0.degree. C. is the preferred
method for cleaving the peptide from the resin. The cleavage of the
peptide can also be accomplished by other acid reagents such as
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid/trifluoroacetic acid mixtures. If the
Fmoc protection method is used, the N-terminal Fmoc group is
cleaved with reagents described earlier. The other protecting
groups and the peptide are cleaved from the resin using solution of
trifluoroacetic acid and various additives such as anisole,
etc.
1. Synthesis of Capping Group B
Different capping groups B are introduced in the following
manner
1.1) When B is an aryl, aralkyl: the arylated amino acids were
prepared by one of the three methods below:
a) Direct nucleophilic displacement on a fluoro-nitro aryl moiety:
##STR00042##
Briefly, 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride (a) was reacted with
L-amino acid (b) in the presence of a base such as potassium
carbonate at 80.degree. C. to yield the desired N-aryl amino acid
(c); b) Copper catalyzed couplings according to Ma et al. (J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12459-12467): ##STR00043##
Briefly, bromo-4-fluorobenzene (d) was reacted with L-amino acid
(b) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate and a
catalytic amount of copper iodide at 90.degree. C. to yield the
desired N-aryl amino acid (e); or c) Nucleophilic displacement of a
triflate by an aniline: ##STR00044##
Briefly, o-anisidine (f) was reacted with triflate (g) in the
presence of a base such as 2,6-lutidine at 90.degree. C. to give
benzyl ester (h). Hydrogenation with 10% Pd/C yielded the desired
N-aryl amino acid (i). 1.2) When B is an aminothiazole derivative:
##STR00045## a) The Fmoc-thiocyanate prepared according to Kearney
et al., 1998, J. Org. Chem, 63, 196, was reacted with a protected
P3 residue or the whole peptide or a peptide segment to provide the
thiourea. b) The thiourea derivative is reacted with an appropriate
bromoketone to provide the corresponding thiazole derivative. 1.3)
When B is R.sub.4--C(O)--, R.sub.4--S(O).sub.2:
Protected P3 or the whole peptide or a peptide segment is coupled
to an appropriate acyl chloride or sulfonyl chloride respectively,
that is either commercially available or for which the synthesis is
well known in the art.
1.4) When B is R.sub.4O--C(O)--:
Protected P3 or the whole peptide or a peptide segment is coupled
to an appropriate chloroformate that is either commercially
available or for which the synthesis is well known in the art. For
Boc-derivatives (Boc).sub.2O is used.
For example: ##STR00046## a) Cyclobutanol is treated with phosgene
to furnish the corresponding chloroformate. b) The chloroformate is
treated with the desired NH.sub.2-tripeptide in the presence of a
base such as triethylamine to afford the cyclobutylcarbamate. 1.5)
When B is R.sub.4--N(R.sub.5)--C(O)--, or R.sub.4--NH--C(S)--,
protected P3 or the whole peptide or a peptide segment is treated
with phosgene followed by amine as described in SynLett. Feb. 1995;
(2); 142-144 2. Synthesis of P2 Moieties 2.1 Synthesis of
Precursors A) Synthesis of Haloarylmethane Derivatives
The preparation of halomethyl-8-quinoline IId was done according to
the procedure of K. N. Campbell et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,
(1946), 68, 1844. ##STR00047##
Briefly, 8-quinoline carboxylic acid IIa was converted to the
corresponding alcohol Ile by reduction of the corresponding acyl
halide IIb with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride.
Treatment of alcohol IIb with the appropriate hydrohaloacid gives
the desired halo derivative IId. A specific embodiments of this
process is presented in Example 1.
B) Synthesis of Aryl Alcohol Derivatives
2-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives Ille were prepared
according to Giardina et al. (J. Med. Chem., (1997), 40,
1794-1807). ##STR00048##
R.sub.22 & R.sub.21B=alkyl, OH, SH, halo, NH.sub.2,
NO.sub.2.
Briefly, benzoylacetamide (IIIa) was condensed with the appropriate
aniline (IIIb) and the imine obtained was cyclized with
polyphosphoric acid to give the corresponding
2-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (IIIc). A specific embodiment of this
process presented in Example 2.
Or alternatively, the process can be carried out in a different
manner: Benzoylethyl ester (IIIa) was condensed with the
appropriate aniline (IIIb) in the presence of acid and the imine
obtained was cyclized by heating at 260-280.degree. C. to give the
corresponding 2-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (IIIc). A specific
embodiments of this process is presented in Example 3 (compound
3e).
2.2. Synthesis of P2
A) The Synthesis of 4-substituted Proline
(wherein R.sup.2 is attached to the ring via a carbon atom) (with
the stereochemistry as shown): ##STR00049## is done as shown in
Scheme IV according to the procedures described by J. Ezquerra et
al. (Tetrahedron, (1993), 38, 8665-8678) and C. Pedregal et al.
(Tetrahedron Lett., (1994), 35, 2053-2056). ##STR00050##
Briefly, Boc-pyroglutamic acid is protected as a benzyl ester.
Treatment with a strong base such as lithium diisopropylamide
followed by addition of an alkylating agent (Br--R.sup.20 or
I--R.sup.20) gives the desired compounds IVe after reduction of the
amide and deprotection of the ester. B) The Synthesis of
O-substituted-4-(R)-hydroxyproline: ##STR00051## may be carried out
using the different processes described below. 1) When R.sup.20 is
aryl, aralkyl, Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, the process can be carried
out according to the procedure described by E. M. Smith et al. (J.
Med. Chem. (1988), 31, 875-885). Briefly, commercially available
Boc-4 (R)-hydroxyproline is treated with a base such as sodium
hydride or potassium tert-butoxide and the resulting alkoxide
reacted with halo-R.sup.20 (Br--R.sup.20, I--R.sup.20, etc.) to
give the desired compounds. Specific embodiments of this process
are presented in Examples 4, 5 and 7. 2) Alternatively, when
R.sup.20 is aryl or Het, the compounds can also be prepared via a
Mitsunobu reaction (Mitsunobu (1981), Synthesis, January, 1-28;
Rano et al., (1995), Tet. Lett. 36(22), 3779-3792; Krchnak et al.,
(1995), Tet. Lett. 36(5), 62193-6196; Richter et al., (1994), Tet.
Lett, 35(27), 4705-4706). Briefly, commercially available
Boc-4(S)-hydroxyproline methyl ester is treated with the
appropriate aryl alcohol or thiol in the presence of
triphenylphosphine and diethylazodicarboxylate (DEAD) and the
resulting ester is hydrolyzed to the acid. Specific embodiments of
this process are presented in Examples 6 and 8. ##STR00052##
Alternatively, the Mitsunobu reaction can be carried out in solid
phase (Scheme V). The 96-well block of the Model 396 synthesizer
(advanced ChemTech) is provided with aliquots of resin-bound
compound (Va) and a variety of aryl alcohols or thiols and
appropriate reagents are added. After incubation, each resin-bound
product (Vb) is washed, dried, and cleaved from the resin. A Suzuki
reaction (Miyaura et al., (1981), Synth. Comm. 11, 513; Sato et
al., (1989), Chem, Lett., 1405; Watanabe et al., (1992), Synlett.,
207; Takayuki et al., (1993), J. Org. Chem. 58, 2201; Frenette et
al., (1994), Tet. Lett. 35(49), 9177-9180; Guiles et al, (1996), J.
Org. Chem. 61, 5169-5171) can also be used to further functionalize
the aryl substituent. 3. Synthesis of P1 Moieties 3.1 Synthesis of
the 4 Possible Isomers of 2-substituted 1-aminocyclopropyl
Carboxylic Acid
The synthesis was done according to scheme VI. ##STR00053## a)
Briefly, di-protected malonate VIa and 1,2-dihaloalkane VIb or
cyclic sulfate VIc (synthesized according to K. Burgess and
Chun-Yen KE (Synthesis, (1996), 1463-1467) are reacted under basic
conditions to give the diester VId. b) A regioselective hydrolysis
of the less hindered ester is performed to give the acid VIe. c)
This acid VIe is subjected to a Curtius rearrangement to give a
racemic mixture of 1-aminocyclopropylcarboxylic acid derivatives
VIf with R.sup.1 being syn to the carboxyl group. A specific
embodiment for this synthesis is presented in Example 9. d, e)
Alternatively, selective ester formation from the acid VIe with an
appropriate halide (P*Cl) or alcohol (P*OH) forms diester Vlg in
which the P* ester is compatible with the selective hydrolysis of
the P ester. Hydrolysis of P ester provides acid VIh. f) A Curtius
rearrangement on VIh gives a racemic mixture of
1-aminocyclopropylcarboxylic acid derivatives Vli with R.sup.1
group being anti to the carboxyl group. A specific embodiment for
this synthesis is presented in Example 14.
An alternative synthesis for the preparation of derivatives VIIf
(when R.sup.1 is vinyl and syn to the carboxyl group) is described
below. ##STR00054##
Treatment of commercially available or easily obtainable imines
VIIa with 1,4-dihalobutene VIIb in presence of a base produces,
after hydrolysis of the resulting imine VIIc, VIId having the allyl
substituent syn to the carboxyl group. Specific embodiments of this
process are presented in Example 15 and 19.
Resolution of all of the above enantiomeric mixtures at carbon 1
(VIe and VIId) can be carried out via: 1) enzymatic separation
(Examples 13, 17 and 20); 2) crystallization with a chiral acid
(Example 18); or 3) chemical derivatization (Example 10). Following
resolution, determination of the absolute stereochemistry can be
carried out as presented in Example 11.
Enantiomeric resolution and stereochemistry determination can be
carried out in the same manner for the enantiomeric mixtures at
carbon 1 wherein the substituent at C2 is anti to the carboxyl
group (VIi).
3.2 Synthesis of 1-aminocyclobutyl Carboxylic Acid
The synthesis of 1,1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid is carried out
according to "Kavin Douglas; Ramaligam Kondareddiar; Woodard
Ronald, Synth. Commun. (1985), 15 (4), 267-72. ##STR00055##
Briefly, treatment of compound VIIIa with a base in the presence of
VIIIb gives the corresponding cyclobutyl derivative VIIIc.
Hydrolysis of the isocyanate and ester groups of VIIIc under acidic
conditions (HCl) yields the hydrochloride salt of the
1-amino-cyclobutylcarboxylic acid VIIId. The carboxylic acid is
later esterified under methanol in HCl. A specific embodiment of
this esterification is described in Example 21. 3.3 Synthesis of
2-substituted 1-aminocyclobutyl Carboxylic Acid ##STR00056## a) A
protected glycine ester derivative such as imine IXa is alkylated
with an homoallylic electrophile IXb using an appropriate base such
as a metal hydride, hydroxide or alkoxide. Useful leaving groups in
IXb include halogens (X=Ci, Br, I) or sulfonate esters (mesylate,
tosylate or triflate). The allylic alcohol functionality in IXb is
protected with hydroxyl protecting groups well known in the art
(e.g. acetate, silyl, acetals). b) In a second step, the hydroxyl
function of monoalkylated derivative IXc is de-protected and
converted to a suitable electrophilic function X such as described
above for compound IXb. c) Cyclization of IXd to cyclobutane
derivative IXe is carried out by treatment with a base (metal
hydrides, alkoxides), followed by hydrolysis using aqueous mineral
acids and neutralization with a mild base. At this stage, syn and
anti-isomers of IXe can be separated by flash chromatography. d)
Optionally, the double bond in IXe can also be hydrogenated under
standard conditions to yield the corresponding saturated derivative
IXf.
The invention further comprises a process for the preparation of a
peptide analog of formula (I) wherein P1 is a substituted
aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid residue, comprising the step of:
coupling a peptide selected from the group consisting of:
APG-P3-P2; or APG-P2; with a P1 intermediate of formula:
##STR00057## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl or
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, all optionally substituted with halogen, CPG is
a carboxyl protecting group and APG is an amino protecting group
and P3 and P2 are as defined above.
The invention further comprises a process for the preparation of:
1)a serine protease inhibitor peptide analog, or 2) a HCV NS3
protease inhibitor peptide analog, this process comprising the step
of: coupling a (suitably protected) amino acid, peptide or peptide
fragment with a P1 intermediate of formula: ##STR00058## wherein
R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, all optionally substituted with halogen, and CPG is a
carboxyl protecting group.
The invention therefore comprises a process for the preparation of:
1) a protease inhibitor peptide analog, or 2) a serine protease
inhibitor peptide analog, this process comprising the step of:
coupling a (suitably protected) amino acid, peptide or peptide
fragment with an intermediate of formula: ##STR00059## wherein CPG
is a carboxyl protecting group.
The invention also comprises the use of a P1 intermediate of
formula: ##STR00060## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
cycloalkyl or C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, all optionally substituted with
halogen, for the preparation of: 1) a serine protease inhibitor
peptide analog, or 2) a HCV NS3 protease inhibitor peptide
analog.
The invention also comprises the use of an intermediate of formula:
##STR00061## wherein CPG is a carboxyl protecting group, for the
preparation of: 1) a protease inhibitor peptide analog, or 2) a
serine protease inhibitor peptide analog.
The invention also comprises the use of a P1 intermediate of
formula: ##STR00062## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
cycloalkyl or C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, all optionally substituted with
halogen, for the preparation of a compound of formula I as defined
above.
Finally, the invention also comprises the use of a proline analog
of formula: ##STR00063## wherein R.sub.21A is C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; lower thioalkyl; halo; amino optionally
mono-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.6, C.sub.10 aryl,
C.sub.7-16 aralkyl or Het, said aryl, aralkyl or Het optionally
substituted with R.sub.22 wherein R.sub.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, (lower alkyl) amide, amino optionally
mono- or di-substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or Het, and R.sub.21B
is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amino, di(lower alkyl)amino,
(lower alkyl)amide, NO.sub.2, OH, halo, trifluoromethyl, or
carboxyl; for the synthesis of 1) a serine protease inhibitor
peptide analog, 2) a HCV NS3 protease inhibitor peptide analog, or
3) a peptide analog of formula I as defined above.
EXAMPLES
The present invention is illustrated in further detail by the
following non-limiting examples.
Temperatures are given in degrees Celsius. Solution percentages
express a weight to volume relationship, and solution ratios
express a volume to volume relationship, unless stated otherwise.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker
400 MHz spectrometer; the chemical shifts (.delta.) are reported in
parts per million. Flash chromatography was carried out on silica
gel (SiO.sub.2) according to Still's flash chromatography technique
(W. C. Still et al., J. Org. Chem., (1978), 43, 2923).
Abbreviations used in the examples include Bn: benzyl; Boc:
tert-butyloxycarbonyl {Me.sub.3COC(O)}; BSA: bovine serum albumin;
CHAPS: 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate;
DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2=DCM:
methylene chloride; DEAD: diethylazodicarboxylate; DIAD:
diisopropylazodicarboxylate; DIEA: diisopropylethylamine; DIPEA:
diisopropylethylamine; DMAP: dimethylaminopyridine; DCC:
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; DME: 1,2-dimethyoxyethane; DMF:
dimethylformamide; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; DTT: dithiothreitol or
threo-1,4-dimercapto-2,3-butanediol; DPPA: diphenylphosphoryl
azide; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Et: ethyl; EtOH:
ethanol; EtOAc: ethyl acetate; Et.sub.2O: diethyl ether; HATU:
[O-7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate]; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography;
MS: mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF: Matrix Assisted Laser Disorption
Ionizaton-Time of Flight, FAB: Fast Atom Bombardment); LAH: lithium
aluminum hydride; Me: methyl; MeOH: methanol; MES:
(2-{N-morpholino}ethane-sulfonic acid); NaHMDS: sodium
bis(trimethylsilyl) amide; NMM: N-methylmorpholine; NMP:
N-methylpyrrolidine; Pr: propyl; Succ: 3-carboxypropanoyl; PNA:
4-nitrophenylamino or p-nitroanilide; TBAF: tetra-n-butylammonium
fluoride; TBTU:
2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
tetrafluoroborate; TCEP: tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
hydrochloride; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; THF: tetrahydrofuran;
TIS: triisopropylsilane; TLC: thin layer chromatography; TMSE:
trimethylsilylethyl; Tris/HCl: tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
hydrochloride.
P2 Building Blocks
Example 1
Synthesis of bromomethyl-8-quinoline (1)
##STR00064##
To commercially available 8-quinoline carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 14.4
mmol) was added neat thionyl chloride (10 ml, 144 mmol). This
mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 1 h before the excess
thionyl chloride was distilled off under reduced pressure. To the
resulting brownish solid was added absolute EtOH (15 mL) which was
heated at 80.degree. C. for 1 h before being concentrated in vacuo.
The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated aqueous
NaHCO.sub.3, and the organic phase dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated to give a brownish oil (2.8 g). This material (ca.
14.4 mmol) was added dropwise over 35 min to a LAH (0.76 g, 20.2
mmol/Et.sub.2O suspension which was cooled to -60.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was slowly warmed to -35.degree. C., over 1.5 h
before the reaction was complete. The reaction was quenched with
MgSO.sub.4.10H.sub.2O slowly over 30 min and then wet THF. The
mixture was partitioned between Et.sub.2O and 10% aqueous
NaHCO.sub.3. The organic phase was dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated to give a yellowish solid (2.31 g, 80% over 2 steps)
corresponding to the alcohol. The alcohol (2.3 g, 11.44 mmol) was
dissolved in AcOH/HBr (20 mL, 30% solution from Aldrich) and heated
at 70.degree. C. for 2.5 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo
to dryness, partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and saturated
aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 before being dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated to give the desired compound (1) as a brownish solid
(2.54 g, 100%).
Example 2
Synthesis of 2-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (2)
##STR00065##
Commercially available ethyl benzoylacetate (6.00 g, 31.2 mmol) was
heated at 85.degree. C. (sealed tube) in 75 mL of 30% NH.sub.4OH
for 2 hours. The solid formed upon cooling was filtered and
refluxed in water for 2 hours. The solution was extracted three
times with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The organic layers were combined,
dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated. The yellow
residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with
EtOAc:hexane (3:7), to give the corresponding amide as a white
solid, 1.60 g, 31% yield.
This amide (250 mg, 1.53 mmol) was refluxed using a Dean-Stark
apparatus with aniline (143 mg, 1.53 mmol) and aniline.HCl (10 mg,
0.08 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) for 16 h. The solution was
concentrated to afford a brown oil that was mixed with
polyphosphoric acid (2 g) and heated at 135.degree. C. for 20 min.
The reaction mixture was poured into water and adjusted to pH 8
with 5 M NaOH. The aqueous suspension was extracted twice with
ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, washed with brine,
dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was
flash chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with 3% MeOH in ethyl
acetate, to give 2-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (2), 67 mg, 20%
yield.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.11 (d, J=7 Hz, 1 H), 7.86-7.83
(m, 2 H), 7.77 (d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (dd, J=8, 7 Hz, 1 H),
7.61-7.58 (m, 3 H), 7.35 (dd, J=8, 7 Hz, 1 H), 6.34 (s, 1 H).
Example 3
Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-7-methoxyquinoline (3)
##STR00066##
4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-7-methoxyquinoline (e)
A solution of ethyl benzoylacetate (b) (100.0 g, 0.52 mol),
m-anisidine (a) (128.1 g, 1.04 mol) and 4 N HCl/dioxane (5.2 mL) in
toluene (1.0 L) was refluxed for 6.25 h in a Dean-Stark apparatus.
The cooled toluene solution was successively washed with aqueous
10% HCl (2.times.300 mL), 1 N NaOH (2.times.300 mL), H.sub.2O (300
mL) and brine (150 mL). The toluene phase was dried (MgSO.sub.4),
filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a 1.2:1.0
mixture of ester c and amide d (144.6 g, 45%/38% crude yield) as a
dark brown oil. The crude oil was heated to 280.degree. C. for 80
min while distilling generated EtOH. The cooled dark solid obtained
was triturated with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (200 mL). The suspension was
filtered and the resulting solid washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 to
give e (22.6 g, 17% from a) as a beige solid: .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.00 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.81-7.82 (m, 2H),
7.57-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.20 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=9.0, 2.2 Hz,
1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H).
4-Chloro-2-phenyl-7-methoxyquinoline (3)
A suspension of e (8.31 g, 33.1 mmol) in POCl.sub.3, (90 mL) was
heated to reflux for 2 h (clear solution obtained upon healing).
The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was partitioned between 1 N NaOH (exothermic, 10 N NaOH
added to maintain high pH) and EtOAc (500 mL). The organic layer
was washed with H.sub.2O (100 mL) and brine (100 mL) then was dried
(MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to
give 3 (8.60 g, 96%) as a pale yellow solid: .sup.1 H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.28-8.30 (m, 2H), 8.20 (s, 1II), 8.10 (d,
J=9.1 Hz, 1II), 7.54-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.52 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38
(dd, J=9.1, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H). This reaction was repeated
three times and gave always 96-98% yield which is significantly
higher that the 68% yield reported in J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40,
1794.
Example 4
Synthesis of Boc-4(R)-(naphthalen-1-ylmethoxy) proline (4)
##STR00067##
Commercially available Boc-4(R)-hydroxyproline (5.00 g, 21.6 mmol)
was dissolved in THF (100 mL) and cooled to 0.degree. C. Sodium
hydride (60% dispersion in oil, 1.85 g, 45.4 mmol) was added
portionwise over 10 minutes and the suspension was stirred at RT
for 1 h. Then, 1-(bromomethyl) naphthalene (8.00 g, 36.2 mmol)
(prepared as described in E. A. Dixon et al. Can. J. Chem., (1981),
59, 2629-2641) was added and the mixture was heated at reflux for
18 h. The mixture was poured into water (300 mL) and washed with
hexane. The aqueous layer was acidified with 10% aqueous HCl and
extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were
combined and washed with brine, dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography
(49:49:2 hexane:ethyl acetate:acetic acid) to give the title
compound as a colorless oil (4.51 g, 56% yield). .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6) indicated the presence of two rotamers: .delta.8.05
(m, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=14 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.45 (m, 4H),
4.96 (m, 2H), 4.26 (br. s, 1H), 4.12 (dd, J=J=8 Hz, 1H), 3.54-3.42
(m, 2H), 2.45-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.98 (m, 1H) 1.36 (s, (3/9) 9H),
1.34 (s, (6/9) 9H).
Example 5
Synthesis of Boc-4(R)-(8-quinoline-methoxy) proline (5)
##STR00068##
Boc-4(R)-hydroxyproline (1.96 g, 8.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 mL)
was added to a suspension of NaH (1.4 g, 60% in oil, 34 mmol) in
THF (100 mL). This mixture was stirred 30 min before
bromomethyl-8-quinoline from Example 1 (2.54 g, 11.44 mmol) was
added in THF (30 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 70.degree.
C. (5 h) before the excess NaH was destroyed carefully with wet
THF. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting
material was dissolved in EtOAc and H.sub.2O. The basic aqueous
phase was separated and acidified with 10% aqueous HCl to pH
.about.5 before being extracted with EtOAc (150 mL). The organic
phase was dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated to give a
brown oil. Purification by flash chromatography (eluent 10%
MeOH/CHCl.sub.3) gave the desired compound (5) as a pale yellow
solid (2.73 g, 86%). HPLC (97.5%); .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) shows
rotamer populations in a 6:4 ratio, .delta.12-11.4 (bs, 1H), 8.92
(2.times.d, J=4.14 and 4.14 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (2.times.d, J=8.27 and
8.27 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=7.94 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),
7.63-7.54 (m, 2H), 5.14 (2.times.s, 2H), 4.32-4.29 (m, 1H),
4.14-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.04
(m, 1H), 1.36 and 1.34 (2.times.s, 9H).
Example 6
Preparation of Boc-4(R)-(7-chloroquinoline-4-oxo) proline (6)
##STR00069##
Commercially available Boc-4(S)-hydroxyproline methyl ester (500
mg, 2.04 mmol) and 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline (440 mg, 2.45 mmol)
were placed in dry THF (10 mL) at 0.degree. C. Triphenylphosphine
(641 mg, 2.95 mmol) was added, followed by slow addition of DIAD
(426 mg, 2.45 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 20 h. The
reaction mixture was then concentrated, taken up in ethyl acetate
and extracted three times with HCl 1N. Tire aqueous phase was
basified with Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and extracted twice with ethyl
acetate. The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO.sub.4,
filtered and concentrated to give a yellow oil. The oil was
purified by flash chromatography to give the methyl ester as a
white solid, 498 mg, 58% yield. This methyl ester (400 mg, 0.986
mmol) was hydrolyzed with 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.7 mL, 1.7
mmol) in methanol (4 mL), at 0.degree. C., for 3 h. The solution
was concentrated to remove the methanol and neutralized with 1M
aqueous HCl. The suspension was concentrated to dryness and taken
up in methanol (20 mL), the salts were filtered off and the
filtrate concentrated to give the desired compound (6) as a white
solid, 387 mg, quant. yield.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) (ca. 1:1 mixture of rotamers)
.delta.8.74 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.13-8.09 (m, 1 H), 7.99 and 7.98 (s,
1 H), 7.58 (d, J=9 Hz, 1 H), 7.02 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 5.26-5.20 (m, 1
H), 4.10-4.01 (m, 1 H), 3.81-3.72 (m, 1 H), 3.59 (dd, J=12, 10 Hz,
1 H), 2.41-2.31 (m, 2H), 1.34 and 1.31 (s, 9H).
Example 7
Synthesis of Boc-4(R)-(2-phenyl-7-methoxyquinoline-4-oxo)proline
(7)
##STR00070##
Boc-4(R)-(2-phenyl-7-methoxyquinoline-4-oxo) proline (7)
Potassium tert-butoxide (8.16 g, 72.7 mmol) was added in small
portions, over 15 min, to a solution of Boc-4(R)-hydroxy proline
(6.73 g, 29.1 mmol) in DMSO (83 mL) maintained at 25.degree. C. The
mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 1.5 h.
Chloro-2-phenyl-7-methoxyquinoline 3 (8.61 g, 32.0 mmol) was added
in 4 portions over 15 min to the reaction mixture. The reaction
mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 19 h. The resulting
suspension was poured in H.sub.2O (650 mL) and the mixture was
washed with Et.sub.2O (3.times.150 mL) to remove excess
chloroquinoline (EtOAc was later found to be more efficient). The
aqueous layer was acidified with aqueous 1 N HCl (38 mL of
calculated 1.5 equiv. required, 43.6 mL) to pH 4-5. The white solid
that precipitated was recovered by filtration. The moist solid was
dried under reduced pressure over P.sub.2O.sub.5 to give the
proline derivative 7 (12.6 g, 91%, contains 2.3% w/w of DMSO) as a
beige solid:
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.(2:1 mixture of rotamers) 8.27
(d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 8.00, 7.98 (2d, J=9.2, .about.9.2 Hz, 1H),
7.48-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.45, 7.43 (2s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H),
7.17 (dd, J=9.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.53-5.59 (m, 1H), 4.34-4.41 (m, 1H),
3.93 (s, 3H), 3.76 (broad s, 2H), 2.63-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.43 (m,
1H), 1.36, 1.33 (2s, 9H).
Example 8
Synthesis of Boc-4(R)-(2-phenyl-6-nitroquinoline-4-oxo)proline
(8)
##STR00071##
Diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.77 mL, 4.89 mmol) was added dropwise to
a stirred solution of triphenylphosphine (1.28 g, 4.88 mmol) in 15
mL of tetrahydrofuran at 0.degree. C. After 30 min. of stirring
under nitrogen a solution of Boc-4(S)-hydroxyproline methyl ester
(1.00 g, 4.08 mmol) was added in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran followed
by a suspension of commercially available
6-nitro-2-phenyl-4-quinolinol (1.30 g, 4.88 mmol) in 10 mL of the
same solvent. The red mixture was stirred for 15 min. at 0.degree.
C. and at RT overnight. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The
remaining oil was diluted in ethyl acetate and washed twice with
sodium bicarbonate, once with water and once with brine. The
organic layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in
vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel (70:30 v/v,
hexanes-ethyl acetate) affording the desired methyl ester as a
light yellow solid (1.70 g, 85%).
.sup.1H NMR(CDCl.sub.3) rotamers=3:7.delta.9.03 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H),
8.46 (dd, J=9, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 8.14-8.07 (m,
2H), 7.59-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 5.39-5.30 (m, 1H), 4.67 (t,
J=8 Hz, 0.3H), 4.61 (t, J=8 Hz, 0.7H), 4.07-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s,
3H), 2.89-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.47 (m, 1H), 1.49 (s, 2.7H), 1.45 (s,
6.3H).
To a solution of the methyl ester (503 mg, 1.02 mmol) in a mixture
of THF: H.sub.2O (10:4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate
(85 mg, 2.05 mmol). 2 mL of MeOH was added in order to get an
homogeneous solution. A white precipitate resulted within 30 min.
The resulting suspension was stirred at RT for an additional 6 h.
The reaction mixture was diluted with an aqueous solution of citric
acid 10% and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was
dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo to afford 416
mg (85%) of the desired acid (8).
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-.sub.6): .delta.8.92-8.87 (m, 1H), 8.47 (dd, J=9,
3 Hz, 1H), 8.38-8.32 (m, 2H), 8.19 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H),
7.62-7.55 (m, 3H), 5.73-5.66 (m, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=8 Hz, 1H),
3.89-3.76 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.35 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s,
9H).
P1 Building Blocks
Example 9
A) Synthesis of mixture of (1R,2R)/(1S,2R)
1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropyl carboxylic acid
##STR00072##
a) To a suspension of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (21.0 g,
92.19 mmol) in a 50% aqueous NaOH solution (92.4 g in 185 mL
H.sub.2O) were successively added di-tert-butylmalonate (20.0 g,
92.47 mmol) and 1,2-dibromobutane (30.0 g, 138.93 mmol). The
reaction mixture was vigorously stirred overnight at RT, a mixture
of ice and water was then added. The crude product was extracted
with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (3.times.) and sequentially washed with water
(3.times.) and brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4),
filtered and concentrated. The residue was flash chromatograpbed (7
cm, 2 to 4% Et.sub.2O in hexane) to afford the desired cyclopropane
derivative 9c (19.1 g, 70.7 mmol, 76% yield). .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3) .delta.1.78-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.46 (s, 9H),
1.44-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.64 (m, 3H), 1.02 (t, 3H, J=7.6 Hz).
b) To a suspension of potassium tert-butoxide (6.71 g, 59.79 mmol,
4.4 eq.) in dry ether (100 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added H.sub.2O
(270 .mu.L, 15.00 mmol, 1.1 eq.). After 5 min diester 9c (3.675 g,
13.59 mmol) in ether (10 mL) was added to the suspension. The
reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT, then poured in a
mixture of ice and water and washed with ether (3.times.). The
aqueous layer was acidified with a 10% aq. citric acid solution at
0.degree. C. and extracted with AcOEt (3.times.). The combined
organic layer was successively washed with water (2.times.) and
brine. After the usual treatment (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtration,
concentration), the desired acid 9d was isolated as a pale yellow
oil (1.86 g, 8.68 mmol, 64% yield). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.2.09-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.98 (dd, J=3.8, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 1.81-1.70
(m, 1H), 1.66 (dd, J=3.0, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 1.63-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.51
(s, 9H), 1.0 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H).
c) To the acid 9d (2.017 g, 9.414 mmol) in dry benzene (32 mL) were
successively added Et.sub.3N (1.50 mL, 10.76 mmol, 1.14 eq.) and
DPPA(2.20 mL, 10.21 mmol, 1.08 eq.). The reaction mixture was
refluxed for 3.5 h then 2-trimethylsilylethanol (2.70 mL, 18.84
mmol, 2.0 eq.) was added. The reflux was maintained overnight then
the reaction mixture was diluted with Et.sub.2O and successively
washed with a 10% aqueous citric acid solution, water, saturated
aqueous NaHCO.sub.3, water (2.times.) and brine. After the usual
treatment (MgSO.sub.4, filtration, concentration) the residue was
purified by flash chromatography (5 cm, 10% AcOEt-hexane) to afford
the desired carbamate 9e (2.60 g, 7.88 mmol, 84% yield) as a pale
yellow oil. MS (FAB) 330 (MH.sup.+); .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.5.1 (bs, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.38 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s,
9H), 1.24-1.18 (m, 1H), 1.00-0.96 (m, 5H), 0.03 (s, 9H).
d) To carbamate 9e (258 mg, 0.783 mmol) was added a 1.0 M TBAF
solution in THF (940 .mu.L, 0.94 mmol, 1.2 eq.). After 4.5 h an
additional amount of 1.0 M TBAF was added (626 .mu.L, 0.63 mmol,
0.8 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT,
refluxed for 30 min and then diluted with AcOEt. The solution was
successively washed with water (2.times.) and brine. After the
usual treatment (MgSO.sub.4, filtration and concentration) the
desired amine 9f was isolated (84 mg, 0.453 mmol, 58% yield) as a
pale yellow liquid. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.1.96 (bs, 2H),
1.60-1.40(m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.31-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.14 (dd, J=4.1,
7.3 Hz, 1H), 1.02 (dd, J=4.1, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 0.94 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
3H).
Example 10
Chemical resolution of t-butyl-(1R,2R)/(1S,2R)
1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropyl carboxylate (from Example 9)
##STR00073##
Compound 9e from Example 9 (8.50 g, 25.86 mmol) was treated with 1M
TBAF/THF (26 mL) at reflux for 45 min. The cooled reaction mixture
was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water (3.times.) and brine
(1.times.), then, dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated to
provide the free amine as a light yellow oil. The free amine was
dissolved in anhydrous CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (120 mL), NMM (8.5 mL,
77.57 mmol), compound 4 (Example 4) (10.08 g, 27.15 mmol) and HATU
(11.79 g, 31.03 mmol) were added successively. The reaction mixture
was stirred at RT overnight, then worked up as described
previously. The crude diastereomeric mixture was separated by flash
chromatography (eluent--hexane:Et.sub.2O; 25:75) to provide the
dipeptide 10a (the less polar eluting spot) as a white foam (4.42
g; 64% of the theoretical yield) and 10b (the more polar eluting
spot) as an ivory foam (4 g., 57% of theoretical yield). Al this
time both isomers were separated but the absolute stereochemistry
was still not known.
Example 11
Determination of the absolute stereochemistry of compounds 10a and
10b by correlation with known t-butyl(1R-amino-2R-ethylcyclopropyl
carboxylate
##STR00074##
Prof. A. Charette, from the University of Montreal, provided
compound 11a having the absolute stereochemistry as shown, which
was determined by X-ray crystallography (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995,
117, 12721). Compound 11a (13.2 mg, 0.046 mmol) was dissolved in 1M
HCl/EtOAc (240 .mu.L) and stirred approximately 48 hours. The
mixture was evaporated to dryness to provide compound 11b as a
light yellow paste and was coupled to compound 4 (18 mg, 0.049
mmol) as described in Example 10, using NMM (20.3 .mu.L, 0.185
mmol) and HATU (21.1 mg, 0.056 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The crude
material was purified by flash chromatography
(eluent--hexane:Et.sub.2O; 50:50) to provide the dipeptide 11c as
an oil (7.7 mg; 31%). By TLC, HPLC and NMR comparison, dipeptide
11c, was found to be identical to the less polar compound 10a
obtained in Example 10, thus identifying the absolute
stereochemistry of 10a as (1R,2R).
Example 12
Preparation of (1R,2R)/(1S,2R)
1-Boc-amino-2-ethylcyclopropylcarboxylic acid: (12a)
##STR00075##
The carbamate 9e from Example 9 (2.6 g, 7.88 mmol) was stirred for
40 min in TFA at 0.degree. C. The mixture was then concentrated and
diluted with THF (10 mL). An aqueous NaOH solution (700 mg, 17.5
mmol in 8.8 mL of H2O) was added followed by a THF (13 mL) solution
of (Boc).sub.2O (2.06 g, 9.44 mmol, 1.2 eq.). The reaction mixture
was stirred overnight at RT (the pH was maintained at 8 by adding a
10% aqueous NaOH solution when needed), then diluted ##STR00076##
with H.sub.2O, washed with Et.sub.2O (3.times.) and acidified at
0.degree. C. with a 10% aq. citric acid solution. The aqueous layer
was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.) and successively washed with
H.sub.2O (2.times.) and brine. After the usual treatment
(MgSO.sub.4, filtration and concentration) the desired
Boc-protected amino acid (12a) (788 mg, 3.44 mmol, 44% yield) was
isolated. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.5.18 (bs, 1H), 1.64-1.58
(m, 2H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 1H), 0.99
(t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz).
Preparation of
(1R,2R)/(1S,2R)-1-Boc-amino-2-ethylcyclopropylcarboxylic acid
methyl ester: (12b)
##STR00077##
The Boc derivative 12a (0.30 g, 1.31. mmol) was dissolved in
Et.sub.2O (10 mL) and treated with freshly prepared diazomethane in
Et.sub.2O at 0.degree. C. until the yellow color of a slight excess
of diazomethane remained. After stirring for 20 min at RT the
reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness to give 12b as a clear
colorless oil (0.32 g, 100%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.5.1
(bs, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 1.62-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.55 (s, 9H), 1.53-1.43
(m, 1H), 1.28-1.21 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H).
Example 13
Enzymatic resolution of methyl (1R,2R)/(1S,2R)
Boc-1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropyl carboxylate
a) The enantiomeric mixture of (1S,2R)/(1R,2R)
1-Boc-amino-2-ethylcarboxylic acid methyl ester of Example 10 (0.31
g, 1.27 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (3 mL) and then diluted with
water (7 mL) while being rapidly stirred. The pH of the solution
was adjusted to 7.5 with 0.05M aqueous NaOH before Alcalase.RTM.
[2.4 L extract from Novo Nordisk Industrials] (300 mg) was added.
During incubation pH was stabilized with NaOH and a pH stat was set
up to monitor the addition of the NaOH solution. After 40 h the
mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H.sub.2O (with 5 mL sat.
NaHCO.sub.3) and the phases separated. The aqueous phase was
acidified with 10% aqueous HCl and extracted with EtOAc, dried
(MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated to give acid 13a (48.5 mg).
The absolute stereochemistry was determined using the correlation
described in Examples 10 and 11.
b) Treatment of an aliquot of acid 13a with diazomethane in
Et.sub.2O to give the methyl ester followed by analysis by HPLC
using a chiral column [Chiralcel.RTM. OD-H, 2.5%
Isopropanol/hexane, isocratic] showed a 51:1 ratio of the (S,R)
isomer.
Example 14
Synthesis of (1R,2S)/(1S,2S) 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropyl carboxylic
acid
##STR00078## Starting from acid 9d described in Example 9:
c) To 9d (1.023 g, 4.77 mmol) in CH.sub.3CN (25 mL) were
successively added DBU (860 .mu.L, 5.75 mmol, 1.2 eq.) and allyl
bromide (620 .mu.L, 7.16 mmol, 1.5 eq.). The reaction mixture was
stirred for 4 h at RT and then concentrated. The residue was
diluted with Et.sub.2O and successively washed with a 10% aq.
citric. acid solution (2.times.), H.sub.2O, saturated aqueous
NaHCO.sub.3, H.sub.2O (2.times.) and brine. After the usual
treatment (MgSO.sub.4, filtration and concentration) the desired
ester 14a was isolated (1.106 g, 3.35 mmol, 91% yield) as a
colorless oil. MS (FAB) 255 (MH.sup.+); .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.5.96-5.86 (m, 1H), 5.37-5.22 (m, 2H), 4.70-4.65 (m, 1H),
4.57-4.52 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.45-1.40 (m,
1H), 1.33-1.24 (m, 3H), 1.03 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H).
d) To ester 14a (1.106 g, 4.349 mmol) in dry CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (5
mL) at RT was added TFA (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred
for 1.5 h and then concentrated to afford 14b (854 mg, 4.308 mmol,
99% yield). MS (FAB) 199 (MH.sup.+); .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.5.99-5.79 (m, 1H), 5.40-5.30 (m, 2H), 4.71-4.62 (m, 2H),
2.22-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.57 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t,
J=7.3 Hz, 3H).
e) To acid 14b (853 mg, 4.30 mmol) in dry benzene (14.8 mL) were
successively added Et.sub.3N (684 .mu.L, 4.91 mmol, 1.14 eq.) and
DPPA (992 .mu.L, 4.60 mmol, 1.07 eq.). The reaction mixture was
refluxed for 4.5 h then 2-trimethylsilylethanol (1.23 mL, 8.58
mmol, 2.0 eq.) was added. The reflux was maintained overnight then
the reaction mixture was diluted with Et.sub.2O and successively
washed with a 10% aqueous citric acid solution, water, saturated
aq. NaHCO.sub.3, water (2.times.) and brine. After the usual
treatment (MgSO.sub.4, filtration, concentration) the residue was
flash chromatographed (5 cm, 10 to 15% AcOEt-hexane) to afford
carbamate 14c (1.212 g, 3.866 mmol, 90% yield) as a pale yellow
oil. MS (FAB) 314 (MH.sup.+); .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.5.93-5.84 (m, 1H), 5.32-5.20 (m, 2H), 5.05 (bs, 1H),
4.60-4.56 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.11 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.39-1.22
(m, 1H), 1.03 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.96-0.86 (m, 1H), 0.04 (s,
9H).
f) To carbamate 14c (267 mg, 0.810 mmol) was added a 1.0 M TBAF
solution in THF (1.62 mL, 1.62 mmol, 2.0 eq.). The reaction mixture
was stirred overnight at RT, refluxed for 30 min and then diluted
with AcOEt. The solution was successively washed with water
(2.times.) and brine. After the usual treatment (MgSO.sub.4,
filtration and concentration) the desired amine 14d was isolated
(122 mg, 0.721 mmol, 89% yield) as a pale yellow liquid. 1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3) .delta.5.94-5.86 (m,1H), 5.31-5.22 (m, 2H), 4.58 (d,
J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (bs, 2H), 1.61-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.42 (m, 2H),
1.00 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.70-0.62 (m, 1H).
Example 15
Synthesis of ethyl-(1R,2S)/(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl
carboxylate
##STR00079##
a) To a THF solution (180 mL) of potassium tert-butoxide (4.62 g,
41.17 mmol, 1.1 eq.) at -78.degree. C. was added commercially
available imine 15a (10.0 g, 37.41 mmol) in THF (45 mL). The
reaction mixture was warmed to 0.degree. C. and stirred at this
temperature for 40 min. The mixture was then cooled back to
-78.degree. C. for the addition of 1,4-dibromobutene 15b (8.0 g,
37.40 mmol) and then stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1 h and cooled
back to -78.degree. C. for the addition of potassium tert-butoxide
(4.62 9, 41,17 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The reaction mixture was finally
stirred one more hour at 0.degree. C. and concentrated to yield
compound 15c.
b, c, d) 15c was taken up in Et.sub.2O (265 mL) and treated with a
1N aq. HCl solution (106 mL). After 3.5 h at RT, the layers were
separated and the aqueous layer was washed with Et.sub.2O
(2.times.) and basified with a saturated aq. NaHCO.sub.3 solution.
The desired amine was extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.) and the
combined organic extract was washed with brine. After the usual
treatment (MgSO.sub.4, filtration and concentration) the residue
was treated with a 4N HCl solution in dioxane (187 mL, 748 mmol).
After concentration, hydrochloride salt 15d was isolated as a brown
solid (2.467 g, 12.87 mmol, 34% yield). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.9.17 (bs, 3H), 5.75-5.66 (m, 1H), 5.39 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H),
5.21 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.21 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.70 (m, 1H), 205
(dd, J=6.4, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 1.75 (dd, J=6.4, 8.3 Hz,1H), 1.33 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 3H).
Example 16
Preparation of (1R,2S/1S,2S)-1-Boc-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl
carboxylic acid ethyl ester
##STR00080##
The hydrochloride salt 15d (1.0 g, 5.2 mmol) and (Boc).sub.2O (1.2
g, 5.7 mmol) were dissolved in THF (30 mL) end treated with DMAP
(0.13 g, 1.04 mmol, 0.2 equiv.) and diisopropylethylamine (2.8 mL,
15.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred 24 h before being
diluted with EtOAc (40 mL) and washed successively with sat.
NaHCO.sub.3 (aq), 5% aqueous HCl and sat. brine. The organic phase
was dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated to give after
purification by flash chromatography (15% EtOAc/hexane), 16a (0.29
g, 23%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.5.80-5.72 (m, 1H),
5.29-5.25 (dd, J=17.2, 17.2 Hz, 1H), 5.24-5.1 (bs, 1H), 5.10 (dd,
J=9.2, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.73
(bs, 1H), 1.55-1.5 (m, 1H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.26 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
3H).
Example 17
Enzymatic resolution of ethyl (1R,2S)/(1S,2S)
1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl carboxylate
##STR00081##
a) Racemic derivative 17a (0.29 g, 1.14 mmol) was dissolved in
acetone (5 mL) and diluted with H.sub.2O (10 mL). The pH was
adjusted with 0.2N aqueous NaOH to 7.2 before Alcalase.RTM. was
added (300 mg). To keep the pH constant during incubation, a NaOH
solution was added by a pH stat titrator over 9 days until the
theoretical amount of base had been added. Following acid/base
extraction as described in Example 13, the unhydrolyzed ester (0.15
g, 100%) and the hydrolyzed material (0.139 g, 95%) were isolated.
Analysis of the unhydrolyzed ester by HPLC using a chiral column
showed a ratio of 43:1 of the desired compound 17c that was
assigned the (R,S) stereochemistry based on chemical correlation as
described in Examples 10 and 11.
Conditions for HPLC analysis: Chiralcel.RTM. OD-H (4.6 mm.times.25
cm), isocratic conditions using a mobile phase of 2.5%
isopropanol/hexane.
Example 18
Resolution of (1R,2S)/(1S,2S) 1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl
carboxylate by crystallization with dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid
##STR00082##
To a solution of crude racemic (1S,2S and 1R,2S) ethyl
1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl carboxylate [obtained from
N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine ethyl ester (25.0 g, 93.5 mol) as
described in Example 15] in EtOAc (800 mL) was added
dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid (33.5 g, 93.5 mol). The mixture was
heated to reflux, left at RT for 15 min then cooled to 0.degree. C.
A white solid was obtained after 30 min. The solid was filtered,
washed with EtOAc (100 mL) and air-dried. The solid was suspended
in acetone (70 mL), sonicated and filtered (3.times.). The solid
was next recrystallized twice in hot acetone (crop A). The mother
liquors were concentrated and the residue was recrystallized three
times in hot acetone (crop B). The two crops of the amorphous white
solids of dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid salt were combined (5.53 g) and
suspended in a mixture of Et.sub.2O (250 mL) and saturated
NaHCO.sub.3 solution (150 mL), The organic layer was washed with
brine, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and filtered. The filtrate was diluted
with 1 N HCl/Et.sub.2O (100 mL) and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The oily residue was evaporated with CCl.sub.4 to afford
ethyl 1(R)-amino-2(S)-vinyl cyclopropanecarboxylate hydrochloride
(940 mg, 11% yield) as a white hygroscopic solid:
[.alpha.].sub.D.sup.25 +39.5.degree. C. (c 1.14 MeOH);
[.alpha.].sub.365.sup.25 +88.5.degree. C. (c 1.14 MeOH); .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.9.07 (broad s, 2H), 5.64 (ddd, J=17.2,
10,4, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (dd, J=17.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (dd, J=10.4,
1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.16 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.45 (m, peaks hindered by
DMSO, 1H), 1.84 (dd, J=10.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 1.64 (dd, J=8.3, 6.0 Hz,
1H), 1.23 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI) m/z 156 (MH).sup.+; the
enantiomeric purity was determined to be 91% ee by HPLC analysis
(CHIRALPAK AS.RTM. column, Hex:/-PROH) of the Boc derivative.
Example 19
Preparation of (1R,2S)/(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropane
carboxylic acid methyl-ester hydrochloride (19f)
##STR00083##
Preparation of imine 19b
Glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride 19a (1519.2 g, 10.88 mole, 1.0
equiv) was suspended in tert-butylmethyl ether (8 L). Benzaldehyde
(1155 g, 10.88 mole, 1 equiv) and anhydrous sodium sulfate (773 g,
5.44 mole, 05 equiv) were added and the mixture cooled to 5.degree.
C. in an ice-water bath. Triethylamine (2275 mL, 16.32 mole, 1.5
equiv) was added dropwise over 15 min (use 0.5 L of
tert-butylmethyl ether for rinses) and the mixture stirred for 40 h
at room temperature. The reaction was then quenched by addition of
ice-cold water (5 L) and the organic layer was separated. The
aqueous phase was extracted with tert-butylmethyl ether (1 L) and
the combined organic phases washed with a mixture of saturated
NaHCO.sub.3 (400 mL) and water (1.6 L), and then brine. The
solution was dried over MgSO.sub.4, concentrated under reduced
pressure and the residual yellow oil dried to constant weight under
vacuum. Imine 19b was obtained as a thick yellow oil that
solidifies at -20.degree. C. (2001 g, 96% yield): .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) .delta.8.30 (s, 1H), 7.79 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.39
(m, 3H), 4.40 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 2H), 4.24 (q, J=7 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (t, J=7
Hz, 3H).
Preparation of racemic N-Boc-(1R,2S)/(1S,
2S)-1-amino-2-vinyicyclopropane carboxylic acid ethyl-ester
hydrochloride 19e
Lithium tert-butoxide (4.203 g, 52.5 mmol, 2.1 equiv) was suspended
in dry toluene (60 mL). Imine 19b (5.020 g, 26.3 mmol, 1.05 equiv)
and dibromide 19c (5.348 g, 25 mmol, 1 equiv) were dissolved in dry
toluene (30 mL) and this solution added dropwise over 30 min to the
stirred solution of LiOtBu at room temperature. After completion,
the deep red mixture was stirred for an additional 10 min and
quenched by addition of water (50 mL) and tert-butylmethyl ether
(TBME, 50 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted a
second time with TBME (50 mL). The organic phases were combined, 1
N HCl (60 mL) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
for 2 h. The organic phase was separated and extracted with water
(40 mL). The aqueous phases were then combined, saturated with salt
(35 g) and TBME (50 mL) was added. The stirred mixture was then
basified to pH 13-14 by careful addition of 10 N NaOH. The organic
layer was separated and the aqueous phase extracted with TBME
(2.times.50 mL). The organic extracts containing free amine 19d
were combined and ditertbutyldicarbonate (5.46 g, 25 mmol, 1 equiv)
was added. After stirring overnight at room temperature, TLC showed
some unreacted free amine. Additional ditertbutyldicarbonate (1.09
g, 5 mmol, 0.2 equiv) was added and the mixture refluxed for 2 h,
at which point, TLC analysis indicated complete conversion of 19d
to carbamate 19e. The solution was cooled to room temperature,
dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by flash chromatography using 10% then 20%
EtOAc/hexane as eluent. Purified 19e was obtained as a clear yellow
oil which slowly solidifies under vacuum (4.014 g, 63% yield).
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) .delta.5.77 (ddd, J=17, 10, 9 Hz,
1H), 5.28 (dd, J=17, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (broad s, 1H), 5.11 (dd
J=10, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.09 (m, 2H), 2.13 (q, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 1.79
(broad m, 1H); 1.46 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.26 (t, J=7 Hz,
3H).
Preparation of title compound 19f via trans-esterification of
19e
Ethyl ester 19e (10.807 g, 42.35 mmol) was dissolved in dry
methanol (50 mL) and a solution of sodium methoxide in MeOH (15%
w/w, 9.7 mL, 42 mmol, 1 equivalent) was added. The mixture was
heated at 50.degree. C. for 2 h, at which point TLC analysis
indicated complete trans-esterifkation (19e R.sub.f 0.38, 19f
R.sub.f 0.34 in 20% EtOAc/hexane); The reaction mixture was cooled
to room temperature and acidified to pH 4 using 4N HCl in dioxane.
Precipitated NaCl was removed by filtration (use tert-butylmethyl
ether for washings) and volatiles removed under reduced pressure.
Tert-butylmethyl ether (100 mL) was added to the residue and solids
removed by filtration. Evaporation of the filtrate under reduced
pressure and drying under vacuum gave pure methyl ester 19f (10.11
g, 99% yield).
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) .delta.5.75 (ddd, J=17, 10, 9 Hz,
1H), 5.28 (dd, J=17, 1 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (broad s, 1H), 5.11 (ddd,
J=10, 1.5, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.14 (q, J=9 Hz, 1H), 1.79
(broad m, 1H), 1.50 (broad m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H).
Example 20
Enzymatic resolution of (1R,2S)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropane
carboxylic acid methyl-ester hydrochloride
##STR00084##
Preparation of N-Boc-(1R,2S)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropane carboxylic
acid methyl ester 20a
Racemic ester 19f (0.200 g, 0.83 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (3
mL) and water (7 mL) was added. 0.05 M NaOH (1 drop) was added to
bring the pH of the solution to -8 and then Alcalase.RTM. 2.4 L
(Novo Nordisk Biochem, 0.3 g in one mL of water) was added. The
mixture was stirred vigorously at room temperature, maintaining the
pH of the solution at 8 using an automatic titrator. At beginning
of day 4 and 5 of stirring at pH 8, additional enzyme solution was
added (2.times.0.3 g). After a total of 5 days, a total of 8.3 mL
of 0.05 M NaOH was consumed. The reaction mixture was diluted with
EtOAc and water and the organic phase separated. After washing with
brine, the organic extract was dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated
under vacuum. Compound 20a (0.059 g, 30% yield) was obtained as a
clear oil: .sup.1H NMR identical to that of compound 19f. HPLC
(Chiralcel ODH, 4.6.times.250 mm, isocratic 1% EtOH in hexane, 0.8
mL/min flow rate): (1R,2S)-2 R, 19.3 min (97%); (1S,2R)-2 R.sub.i
17.0 min (3%).
Preparation of (1R,2S)-1-amine-2-vinylcyclopropane carboxylic acid
methyl ester hydrochloride 20b
Compound 20a (39.96 g, 165.7 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (25 mL)
and the solution added dropwise with stirring to 4 N HCl in dioxane
(Aldrich, 250 mL). After 45 min, TLC analysis indicated complete
deprotection. Volatiles were removed under reduced pressure, and
the residue co-evaporated twice with MeOH (2.times.100 mL). Ether
(300 mL) and MeOH (10 mL) were added to the brown, oily residue and
the mixture stirred overnight at room temperature resulting in the
precipitation of a semi-solid. Additional MeOH (15 mL) was added
and stirring continued for 6 h, at which point a yellowish solid
was collected by filtration. The product was washed with 5% MeOH in
ether (50 mL) and ether (2.times.50 mL), and dried in vacuo to give
compound 20b as a yellowish solid (22.60 g, 76% yield). Filtrates
(including washings) were evaporated in vacuum to give additional
20b as a brown oil (7.82 g, 26% yield). Both fractions were pure
enough for use in the synthesis of HCV protease inhibitors:
[.alpha.].sub.D.sup.25 +38.2.degree. (c 1.0, MeOH).
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.9.15 (broad s, 3H), 5.65
(ddd, J=17, 10, 9 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (dd, J=17, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (dd,
J=10, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.50 (q, overlap with DMSO signal,
J=9 Hz, 1H), 1.86 (dd, J=10, 6 Hz, 1H), 1.64 (dd, J=8, 6 Hz,
1H).
Example 21
Synthesis of 1-aminocyclobutyl carboxylic acid
##STR00085##
1,1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid was prepared according to Kavin
Douglas; Ramaligam Kondareddiar; Woodard Ronald, Synth. Commun.
(1985), 15 (4), 267-72. The amino acid salt (21a) (1.00 g., 6.6
mmoles) was stirred in dry methanol (40 ml) at -20.degree. C. and
mixture saturated with dry hydrogen chloride to yield (21b).
Stirring of this mixture was continued for 4 h. The hot solution
was filtered and filtrate concentrated (Rotavap, 30.degree. C.) to
leave a residue which upon trituration in ethyl ether afforded a
white powder (0.907 g., 83% ) after filtration and drying. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, D.sub.2) .delta.CH.sub.3O (3H, s, 3.97 ppm); CH.sub.2
(2H, m, 2.70-2.77 ppm); CH.sub.2 (2H, m, 2.45-2.53 ppm) and
CH.sub.2 (2H, m, 2.14-2.29 ppm).
Tripeptides
Example 22
General Procedure for Coupling Reactions Done on Solid Support
The synthesis was done on a parallel synthesizer model ACT396 from
Advanced ChemTech.RTM. with the 96 well block. Typically, 24
peptides were synthesized in parallel using standard solid-phase
techniques. The starting (Fmoc-amino)cyclopropane (optionally
substituted) carboxylic acid-Wang resin were prepared by the
DCC/DMAP coupling method (Atherton, E; Scheppard, R. C. Solid Phase
Peptide Synthesis, a Practical Approach; IRL Press: Oxford (1989);
pp 131-148).
Each well was loaded with 100 mg of the starting resin
(approximately 0.05 mmol). The resins were washed successively with
1.5 mL portions of NMP (1.times.) and DMF(3.times.). The Fmoc
protecting group was removed by treatment with 1.5 mL of a 25% v/v
solution of piperidine in DMF for 20 minutes. The resins were
washed with 1.5 mL portions of DMF (4.times.), MeOH (3.times.) and
DMF (3.times.). The coupling was done in DMF (350 .mu.L), using 400
.mu.L (0.2 mmol) of a 0.5M solution of Fmoc-amino acid/HOBt hydrate
in DMF, 400 .mu.L (0.4 mmol) of a 1M solution of DIPEA in DMF and
400 .mu.L (0.2 mmol) of a 0.5M solution of TBTU in DMF. After
shaking for 1 hour, the wells were drained, the resins were washed
with 1.5 mL of DMF and the coupling was repeated once more under
the same conditions. The resins were then washed as described above
and the cycle was repeated with the next amino acid.
The capping groups were introduced in two ways: 1. In the form of a
carboxylic acid using the protocol described above (for example
acetic acid) or, 2. As an acylating agent such as an anhydride or
an acid chloride. The following example illustrates the capping
with succinic anhydride: After the Fmoc deprotection and subsequent
washing protocol, DMF was added (350 .mu.L), followed by 400 .mu.L
each of a DMF solution of succinic anhydride (0.5 M, 0.2 mmol) and
DIPEA (1.0 M, 0.4 mmol). The resins were stirred for 2 h and a
recouping step was performed. At the end of the synthesis the resin
was washed with 1.5 mL portions of DOM (3.times.), MeOH (3.times.),
DCM (3.times.), and were dried under vacuum for 2 h. The cleavage
from the resin and concomitant side chain deproteclion was effected
by the addition of 1.5 mL of a mixture of TFA, H.sub.2O, DTT and
TIS (92.5:2.5:2.5:2.5). After shaking for 2.5 h, the resin was
filtered and washed with 1.5 mL of DCM. The filtrates were combined
and concentrated by vacuum centrifugation. Each compound was
purified by preparative reversed phase HPLC using a C18 column (22
mm by 500 mm). The product-containing fractions were identified by
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, combined and lyophilized.
Example 23
General Procedure for Coupling Reactions Done in Solution {See also
R. Knorr et al., Tetrahedron Letters, (1989), 30, 1927.}
The reactants, i.e. a free amine (1 eq.) (or its hydrochloride
salt) and the free carboxylic acid (1 eq.) were dissolved in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, CH.sub.3CN or DMF. Under a nitrogen atmosphere,
four equivalents of N-methylmorpholine and 1.05 equivalents of the
coupling agent were added to the stirred solution. After 20 min,
one equivalent of the second reactant, i.e. a free carboxylic acid
was added. (Practical and efficient coupling reagents for this
purpose are (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris-(dimethylamino)phosphonium
hexafluorophosphate (HOBT) or preferably
2-([1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium
tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) or
O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium
tetrafluoroborate (HATU). The reaction was monitored by TLC. After
completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated under
reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc. The solution
was washed successively with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated
aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 and brine. The organic phase was dried
(MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.
When the residue was purified, it was done by flash chromatography
as defined above.
Example 24
Synthesis of Compound 304 ##STR00086##
a) The (R,R) isomer of Boc-Et-Acca-OMe 13c (0.12 g, 0.49 mmol)
obtained from enzymatic resolution (Example 13) was treated with 4N
HCl/dioxane (45 min) before being concentrated in vacuo to give a
white solid. To this HCl salt (ca. 0.49 mmol) was added TBTU (0.17
g, 0.54 mmol), the Boc-4(R)-(8-quinoline-methyloxy) proline 5 (from
Example 5) (0.18 g, 0.49 mmol) and DIPEA (0.3 mL, 1.7 mmol) in MeCN
(10 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 3.5 h before being
concentrated in vacuo. The resulting material was dissolved in
EtOAc and washed sequentially with saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3
and brine. Dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated to give
24b a white solid (0.122 g, 50%).
b) 24b (0.12 g, 0.25 mmol) was treated at RT with 4N HCl/dioxane
(30 min) before being concentrated in vacuo. The resulting
hydrochloride salt (ca. 0.25 mmol) was treated with
Boc-Chg-OH.H.sub.2O (75 mg, 0.27 mmol), TBTU (87 mg, 0.27 mmol) in
MeCN (10 mL) and finally at 0.degree. C. with DIPEA (0.15 mL, 0.87
mmol). The residue was diluted with EtOAc, sequentially washed with
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3, and brine, dried (MgSO.sub.4),
filtered and concentrated to give 24c as an off white solid (0.2
g). This material (0.14 g) was dissolved in DMSO and purified by
preparative HPLC to give 24c as a white solid after lyophilization
(35 mg, 33%). HPLC (98%); MS (FAB) m/z: 637.3 (MH.sup.+); HRMS
calcd for C.sub.35H.sub.48N.sub.4O.sub.7 (MET) 637.36011: found
637.36250; 3H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) shows a rotamer population,
.delta.8.91 (2.times.d, J=4.1 and 4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.40-8.36 (m, 2H),
7.90 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.6-7.54 (m, 2H),
6.80 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.18 and 5.16 (2.times.s, 2H), 4.40 (bs,
1H), 4.31 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J=11.44 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (t,
J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.35-2.27 (m, 1H),
2.06-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.55 (m, 10H), 1.53-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s,
9H), 1.18-1.06 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
3H).
compound 304;
c) To 24c (30 mg, ca. 0.047 mmol) was added MeOH (1 mL), THF (1
mL), and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (12 mg, 0.29 mmol) in
H.sub.2O (1 mL). The clear solution was stirred rapidly for 48 h
before being concentrated in vacuo. The crude peptide was dissolved
in DMSO and purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 304 as a
white solid after lyophilization (21 mg, 72%). HPLC (99%); MS (FAB)
m/z: (MH.sup.+) 623.3; HRMS calcd for
C.sub.34H.sub.46N.sub.4O.sub.7 (MH.sup.+) 623.34448, found:
623.34630, .sup.1HNMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) shows a rotamer population of
1:1, .delta.8.90 (2.times.d, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H).
8.26 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H),
7.6-7.53 (m, 2H), 6.88 and 6.79 (2.times.d, J=8.6 and 7.9 Hz, 1H),
5.17 and 5.16 (2.times.s, 2H), 4.43-4.35 (bs, 1H), 4.29 (t, J=8.3
Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.71 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.06-1.97 (m, 1H),
1.72-1.53 (m, 10H), 1.52-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.37 and 1.29 (2.times.s,
9H), 1.18-1.05 (m, 3H), 1.0-0.94 (m,1H), 0.91 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
3H).
Example 25
##STR00087##
a) Compound 25a (=12a) (282 mg, 1.23 mmol) was suspended in
anhydrous CH.sub.3CN (6 mL). DBU (221 .mu.L, 1.48 mmol) and
benzylbromide (161 .mu.L, 1.35 mmol) were added successively and
the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT. The mixture was
concentrated, the resulting oil was diluted with EtOAc and 10% aq.
citric acid and successively washed with 10% citric acid
(2.times.), saturated aq. NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.), water (2.times.)
and brine (1.times.). The EtOAc layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4),
filtered and evaporated to dryness. The crude colorless oil was
purified by flash chromatography (eluent--hexane:EtOAc; 95:5 to
90:10) to provide the benzylated product 25b as a colorless oil
(368 mg ; 93%).
MS (FAB) 318.2 MH.sup.- 320.2 MH.sup.+ 342.2 (M+Na).sup.+
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.7.37-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.22-5.10 (m,
1H), 5.19 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H, 1.60-1.40 (m,
4H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.31-1.22 (m, 1H), 0.91 (t, J=7.5, 14.5 Hz,
3H).
b) Compound 25b (368 mg, 1.15 mmol) was treated with 4N HCl/dioxane
(6 mL) as described previously. The crude hydrochloride salt was
coupled to compound 4 (from Example 4) (470.8 mg, 1.27 mmol) with
NMM (507 .mu.L, 4.61 mmol) and HATU (instead of TBTU, 525.6 mg,
1.38 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (6 mL) as described in Example 22 to
yield the crude racemic dipeptide as an orange oil. The crude
material was purified by flash chromatography
(eluent--hexane:Et.sub.2O; 50:50) to provide the pure dipeptide 25c
(the less polar eluting spot) as a while foam (223 mg ; 68% of the
theoretical yield).
MS 571.4 MH.sup.- 573.3 MH.sup.+ 595.3 (M+Na).sup.+
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3), ca. 1:1 mixture of retainers, .delta.8.03
(b d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (b d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (b d, J=6.5 Hz,
1H), 7.61 (b s, 0.5H), 7.57-7.40(m, 4H), 7.31-7.21 (m, 5H), 6.48 (b
s, 0.5H), 5.22-5.11 (m, 1H), 5.08-4.81 (m, 3H), 4.41-3.74 (m, 3H),
3.49-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.76-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.48 (m, 3H), 1.40 (s,
9H), 1.40-1.23 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.5, 15 Hz, 3H).
c) The dipeptide 25c (170.1 mg, 0.297 mmol) was treated with 4N
HCl/dioxane (2 mL) as described previously. The crude hydrochloride
salt was coupled to Boc-Chg-OH (84.1 mg, 0.327 mmol) with NMM
(130.7 .mu.L, 1.19 mmol) and HATU (instead of TBTU, 135.5 mg; 0.356
mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2 mL) for 2.75 h at RT then worked up as
described previously to provide the crude tripeptide 25d as an
ivory foam (ca. 211.4 mg; 100%).
MS (FAB) 712.5 MH.sup.+
compound 301:
d) The crude tripeptide 25d (ca.15.4 mg, 0.022 mmol) was dissolved
in absolute ethanol (2 mL) and an estimated amount (tip of spatula)
of both 10% Pd/C catalyst and ammonium acetate were added. The
mixture was hydrogenated overnight under a hydrogen filled balloon
at RT and atmospheric pressure. The reaction mixture was filtered
through a 0.45 .mu.m Millex.RTM. filter, evaporated to dryness then
diluted with EtOAc and 10% aqueous citric add, and washed again
with 10% aqueous citric acid (1.times.), water (2.times.) and brine
(1.times.). The organic layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered,
evaporated to dryness and lyophilized to provide the tripeptide 301
as a white amorphous solid (11.0 mg; 82%).
MS (FAB) 622.5 MH+ 644.5 (M+Na)+
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO), ca.1:4 mixture of rotamers, .delta.8.54 &
8.27 (s, 1H),8.06-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.96-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=8 Hz,
1H), 7.57-7.42 (m, 4H), 6.81 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J=12 Hz,
1H), 4.88 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H), 4.46-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.02 (m, 2H),
3.88-3.67 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.43
(m, 8H), 1.32-1.07 (m, 6H), 1.28 (s, 9H), 1.03-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.91
(t, J=7.5, 15 Hz, 3H).
Example 26
##STR00088##
a) The acid 26a (180 mg, 0.500 mmol) and the amine 15d (96 mg,
0.500 mmole) were coupled using TBTU (192 mg, 0.600 mmol) and DIPEA
(226 mg, 1.75 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL) for 20 h. The
reaction mixture was concentrated, taken up in ethyl acetate,
washed twice with sat. NaHCO.sub.3 and once with brine. The organic
layer was dried on MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated to give
26c as a brown oil, used without purification in the next step.
b, c) The crude compound 26c (ca. 0.500 mmol) was stirred for 30
min in HCl 4N/dioxane (4 mL) and concentrated to dryness. The solid
was taken up in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL) and DIPEA (226 mg, 1.75
mmol) was added followed by Boc-Chg-OH monohydrate (138 mg, 0.500
mmol) and TBTU (192 mg, 0.600 mmol). The solution was stirred at RT
for 5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, taken up in ethyl
acetate, washed twice with sat. NaHCO.sub.3 and once with brine.
The organic layer was dried on MgSO.sub.4, filtered and
concentrated to give a brown oil, purified by flash chromatography
to give 26d as a yellow oil, 204 mg, 64% over two couplings.
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.8.77-8.74 (m, 1 H), 8.14 (d, J=8
Hz, 1 H), 8.02 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=9, 7 Hz, 1 H), 7.52 (d,
J=5 Hz, 1 H), 7.47 (dd, J=8, 7 Hz, 1 H), 6.78 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H),
5.80-5.70 (m, 1 H), 5.35-5.27 (m, 2 H), 5.14-5.07 (m, 2 H),
4.89-4.83 (m, 1 H), 4.39-4.32 (m, 1 H), 4.30-4.24 (m, 1 H),
4.20-4.07 (m, 2 H), 4.00-3.92 (m, 1 H), 3.04-2.92 (m, 1 H),
2.39-2.29 (m, 1 H), 2.16-2.04 (m, 1 H), 1.91-1.83 (m, 1 H),
1.82-1.62 (m, 7 H), 1.45-1.35 (m, 9 H), 1.27-1.07 (m, 8 H).
d) 26d (136 mg, 0.214 mmole) was dissolved in THF (4 mL) and MeOH
(2 mL). An aqueous solution (2 mL) of LiOH hydrate (72 mg, 1.72
mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 20
h. The solution was concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC
to give compound 306 (the less polar isomer) as a while solid (25
mg).
compound 306: MS(FAB) 607.4 (MH+)
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-.sub.6) .delta.9.16 (d, J=6 Hz, 1 H), 8.55 (s, 1
H), 8.35 (d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 8.12 (d, J=9 Hz, 1 H), 8.05 (dd, J=8, 7
Hz, 1 H), 7.76 (dd, J=8, 7 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J=6 Hz, 1 H), 7.02
(d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 5.75-5.66 (m, 2 H), 5.19 (d, J=18 Hz, 1 H), 5.07
(d, J=10 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (d, J=12 Hz, 1 H), 4.43 (dd, J=10, 8 Hz, 1
H), 4.03 (d, J=10 Hz, 1 H), 3.87-3.83 (m, 1 H), 2.66-2.59 (m, 1 H),
2.36-2.30 (m, 1 H), 1.98 (dd, J=18, 9 Hz, 1 H), 1.75-1.56 (m, 8 H),
1.38-1.35 (m, 1 H), 1.25-1.22 (m, 1 H), 1.09 (s, 9 H), 1.12-0.95
(m, 3 H).
Example 27
##STR00089##
c) A solution of the acid (8) from Example 8 (505 mg, 105 mmol) in
5 mL of dichloromethane was treated with TBTU (378 mg, 1.17 mmol).
The HCl salt of the (R,S) vinyl AccaOEt (18) (from Example 18) (279
mg, 1.46 mmol), in 7 mL of dichloromethane containing (0.60 mL,
5.46 mmol) of N-methyl morpholine, was added to the previous
solution of the activated ester. The resulting solution was stirred
at RT overnight. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue
diluted with ethyl acetate, was washed twice with a saturated
solution of sodium bicarbonate and once with brine. The organic
layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4) filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The
residue was chromatographed over silica gel (60:40 v/v,
hexanes-ethyl acetate) to afford 173 mg (27%) of the dipeptide
27c.
d, e) A solution of the dipeptide 27c (70 mg, 0.114 mmol) in 3 mL
of hydrogen chloride 4.0 M solution in 1,4-dioxane was stirred at
RT for 1 h (a precipitated came out from the reaction after 10
min). The solvent was removed in vacuo. The amine hydrochloride
salt 27d (0.114 mmol), diluted in 1.5 mL of acetonitrile, was
neutralized by addition of 65 .mu.L (0.591 mmol) of N-methyl
morpholine. A solution of the Boc ChgOH.H.sub.2O (39 mg, 0.142
mmol) in 1.5 mL of acetonitrile was treated with TBTU (46 mg, 0.143
mmol) and then added to the previous solution of the amine. The
resulting solution was stirred at RT (for 2 days). The solvent was
removed in vacuo. The residue, diluted with ethyl acetate, was
washed twice with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate and
once with brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered
and evaporated in vacuo. 86 mg (100%) of tripeptide 27e was
obtained. This crude compound was used in the next reaction without
further purification.
f) To a solution of tripeptide 27e (86 mg, 0.114 mmol) in 5 mL of a
mixture THF:H.sub.2O (2.5:1) was added lithium hydroxide
monohydrate (22 mg, 0.524 mmol). An additional 0.25 mL of MeOH was
added in order to get an homogeneous solution. The resulting
solution was stirred at RT overnight before the solvent was
evaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between water and
EtOAc. The aqueous layer was acidified with 1M HCl and then
extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The desired compound has been
found in the ethyl acetate coming from the first basic extraction.
This organic layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated
in vacuo to afford 69 mg of the crude acid, which was purified by
preparatory HPLC. The compound was dissolved in MeOH (4 mL) and
injected onto an equilibrated Whatman Partisil 10-ODS-3
(2.2.times.50 cm) C18 reverse phase column. (.lamda.=230 nm,
solvent A=0.06% TFA/H.sub.2O, solvent B=0.06% TFA/CH.sub.3CN).
Purification program: 20% to 70% of solvent B in 60 min. Fractions
were analyzed by analytical HPLC. Appropriate fractions were
collected and lyophilized to provide 50 mg (60%) of the desired
tripeptide 307 as a white amorphous solid.
compound 307: .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6)
rotamers.about.2:8.delta.8.86 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1 H), 8.85 (s, 0.2H),
8.64 (s, 0.8H), 8.49 (dd, J=9.5, 3 Hz, 0.2H), 8.45 (dd, J=9.2 Hz,
0.8H), 8.39-8.33 (m, 2H), 8.20 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 0.2H), 8.18 (d, J=9.5
Hz, 0.8H), 7.81 (s, 0.2H), 7.78 (s, 0.8H), 7.64-7.56 (m, 3H), 6.87
(d, J=8 Hz, 0.8H), 6.36 (d, J=9 Hz, 0.2H), 5.82-5.67 (m, 2H),
5.27-5.17 (m, 1H), 5.09-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.73 (t, J=8 Hz, 0.2H), 4.55
(dd, J=10, 7.5 Hz, 0.8H), 4.49-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.95 (m, 1H),
3.83-3.76 (m, 1H), 2.87-2.80 (m, 0.2H), 2.69-2.62 (m, 0.8H),
2.39-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.41 (m, 7H), 1.37 (s,
1.8H), 1.32-1.27 (m, 1H), 1.17-0.82 (m, 5H), 0.94 (s, 7.2H).
Example 28
Synthesis of Compound 311 ##STR00090##
Compound 311 was prepared using the process described in Example 24
but using the appropriate building blocks.
Compound 310 .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.98 (d, J=6 Hz,
1H), 8.52 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (d, J=9 Hz, 1 H), 8.08 (d, J=2 Hz, 1 H),
7.63 (d, J=9 Hz, 1 H), 7.37 (d, J=6 Hz, 1 H), 6.98 (d, J=8 Hz, 1
H), 5.75-5.66 (m, 1H), 5.57 (br s, 1 H), 5.24-5.19 (m, 1 H),
5.08-5.01 (m, 1 H), 4.57-4.40 (m, 2 H), 4.00-3.96 (m, 1 H), 3.82
(dd, J=9, 8 Hz, 1 H), 2.59-2.54 (m, 1 H), 2.32-2.26 (m, 1 H), 1.99
(dd, J=17, 9 Hz, 1 H), 1.74-1.55 (m, 8 H), 1.37 (s, 1 H),
1.26-1.22(m, 1 H), 1.14-1.08 (m, 9 H), 1.02-0.91 (m, 3 H).
Example 29
Synthesis of Compound 302 ##STR00091##
Compound 302 was prepared using the process described in Example 27
but using the appropriate building blocks.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.34 (s, 1 H), 8.04-8.01 (m, 1
H), 7.94-7.92 (m, 1 H), 7.87 (d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 7.54-7.50 (m, 3 H),
7.45 (dd, J=17,8 Hz, 1 H), 7.22 (d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 4.94 (dd, J=55,
12 Hz, 2 H), 4.34 (s, 1 H), 4.27 (dd, J=8, 8 Hz, 1 H), 4.16 (d,
J=11 Hz, 1 H), 4.07 (dd, J=8, 8 Hz, 1 H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 2 H),
3.59-3.54 (m, 1 H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 1 H), 2.02-1.95 (m, 2 H),
1.75-1.70 (m, 1 H), 1.53-1.44 (m, 2 H), 1.32-1.27 (m, 1 H),
1.21-1.17 (m, 1 H), 0.96-0.85 (m, 10 H), 0.80-0.77 (m, 5 H),
0.62-0.57 (m, 1 H).
Example 30
Synthesis of Compound 308 ##STR00092##
Compound 308 was prepared using the process described in Example 27
but using the appropriate building blocks.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) rotamers=2:8.delta.8.77 (s, 0.2H), 8.45
(s, 0.8H), 8.13 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0.8H), 8.03 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0.2H),
7.89-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.37 (m, 4H), 7.05-6.59 (m, 1H), 6.95 (d,
J=8 Hz, 0.8H), 6.26 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0.2H), 5.81-5.64 (m, 1H),
5.33-5.28 (m, 1H), 5.26-5.15 (m, 1H), 5.08-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.60 (t,
J=7.5 Hz, 0.2H), 4.38-4.27 (m, 1.8H), 4.09-3.91 (m, 1.8H), 3.74
(dd, J=12.5, 4 Hz, 0.2H), 2.69-2.60 (m, 0.2H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 1H),
2.36-2.28 (m, 0.2H), 2.23-2.14 (m, 0.8H), 2.05-1.97 (m, 0.8H),
1.76-1.44 (m, 7H), 1.37 (s, 1.8H), 1.29 (s, 7.2H), 1.28-1.20 (m,
116-0.88 (m, 5H).
Example 31
Synthesis of Compound 309 ##STR00093##
Compound 309 was prepared using the process described in Example 27
but using the appropriate building blocks.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) rotamers=2:8.delta.8.75 (s, 0.2H), 8.50
(s, 0.8H), 7.89-7.78 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.09 (m,
0.8H) 7.08-7.03 (m, 0.2H), 6.79 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0.8H), 6.33 (d, J=9
Hz, 0.2H), 5.81-5.65 (m, 1 H), 5.30-5.16 (m, 2H), 5.10-5.02 (m,
1H), 4.56 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 0.2H), 4.33 (t, J=8 Hz, 0.8H), 4.10-3.90
(m, 2.8H), 3.74-3.68 (m, 0.2H), 2.45-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.17 (m,
1H), 2.05-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.48 (m, 7H), 1.37 (s, 1.8H), 1.23 (s,
7.2H), 1.21-0.88 (m, 6H).
Example 32
Synthesis of Compound 305 ##STR00094##
Compound 305 was prepared using the process described in Example 27
but using the appropriate building blocks.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) retainers (1:9) .delta.8.68 (s, 0.1H),
8.43 (s, 0.9H), 8.04-8:00 (m, 1H), 7.95-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.87 (d,
J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 1H), 6.82 (d,
J=8.05 Hz, 0.9H), 6.21 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0.1H), 5.80-5.64 (m, 1H), 5.21
(dd, J=17, 2 Hz, 0.1H), 5.18 (dd, J=17, 2 Hz, 0.9H), 5.06 (dd,
J=10.5, 2 Hz, 1H), 5.02-4.85 (m, 2H), 4.43 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 0.1H),
4.34 (br s, 1H), 4.23 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 0.9H), 4.16-4.05 (m, 1.8H),
3.89-3.82 (m, 0.2H), 3.74 (dd, J=11, 3.5 Hz, 0.9H), 3.53 (dd,
J=12.5, 4 Hz, 0.1H), 2.30-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.94 (m, 2H),
1.74-1.38 (m, 7H), 1.36 (s, 0.9H), 1.28 (s, 8.1H), 1.25-0.87 (m,
6H).
Example 33
##STR00095##
Compound 303 was prepared using the process described in Example 27
but using the appropriate building blocks.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.29 (s, 1 H), 8.04-8.01 (m, 1
H), 7.94-7.92 (m, 1 H), 7.87 (d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 7.56-7.52 (m, 3 H),
7.46 (dd, J=8,7 Hz, 1 H), 7.19 (d, J=9 Hz, 1 H), 5.01 (d, J=12 Hz,
1 H), 4.86 (d, J=12 Hz, 1 H), 4.34 (br. s, 1 H) 4.24 (t, J=8 Hz, 1
H), 4.18-4.09 (m, 2 H), 3.74-3.53 (m, 3 H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 1 H),
2.04-1.95 (m, 1 H), 1.74-1.45 (m, 10 H), 1.31-1.13 (m, 4 H),
0.96-0.86 (m, 7 H), 0.79-0.76 (m, 5 H).
Example 34
Synthesis of Compound 403 ##STR00096##
a) Coupling of P2 with P1
The methyl ester derivative of 7 (34a) (170 mg, 0.355 mmole) was
stirred in 50% THF-methauol (4 ml) and aqueous LiOH (1M, 1 ml) at
RT for 1 h. The solution was concentrated (Rotavap, 30.degree. C.)
and residue acidified to pH 6 and solution lyophilized. The
resulting powder was stirred in dry DMF (3 ml) in the presence of
DIEA (0.4 ml) followed by the successive addition of
1,1-aminocyclobutylcarboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (34b)
(140 mg, 0.845 mmole) and TBTU (134 mg, 0.417 mmole). After
stirring for 18 h at RT, the mixture was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel (230-400 Mesh) using 1:2 ethyl
acetate-hexane to afford an orange oil (98 mg, 90% purity by
HPLC).
b) Coupling of P1-P2with P3 ##STR00097##
The dipeptide 34b (97 mg, 90%, 0.155 mmole) was stirred in 4N
HCl-dioxane (5 ml) during 1 h al RT. The solution was then
concentrated to dryness (Rotavap, high vacuum) to afford a beige
solid. This material was stirred in dry DMF (2 ml) at RT in the
presence of DIEA (0.4 ml) followed by addition of L-Boc-Tbg (80 mg,
0.35 mmole) and TBTU (112 mg, 0.35 mmole). After stirring 2 days at
RT, the solution was poured in ethyl acetate to generate the free
base using 5% aqueous potassium carbonate. The organic phase was
worked up to give a yellow oily residue. The material was purified
by flash chromatography on silica gel column (230-400 Mesh) using
1:2 & 3:1 v/v ethyl acetate:hexane to afford 40 mg of an oil,
homogeneous by HPLC.
The methyl ester (40 mg) was finally saponified in 1N potassium
hydroxide (2 ml) in methanol (4 ml) by stirring at RT during 3 h.
The mixture was concentrated (Rotavap, 30.degree. C.) and acidified
to pH 4 with 2N hydrochloric acid. This mixture was purified by
preparative HPLC on C18 column using a gradient of 0-50% aqueous
acetonitrile (0.1% TFA) at 220 nm The fractions were pooled,
concentrated to half volume and lyophilized to afford 403 as a
white fluffy solid (10 mg).
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. Mixture of rotamers:
NH+ (1H, s, 8.6 ppm), CH (3H, m, 8.2 ppm), Ph (5H, broad s, 7.66
& 7.53 ppm), CH (1H, broad, 7.22 ppm), NH (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz,
6.71 ppm), CHO (1H, broad s, 5.76 ppm), CH (2H, m, 4.58-4.49 ppm),
CH (1H, m, 4.04 ppm), CH.sub.3O (3H, s, 3.97 ppm), CH (1H, d, 3.86
ppm), CH (7H, very broad, 1.8-2.6 ppm), Boc group (9H, s, 1.25 ppm)
and t-butyl group (9H, s, 0.97 ppm).
MS. showed M+H+at m/e 675 (100%).
HPLC peak 98% at 18.9 min.
Example 35
##STR00098##
A solution of m-anisidine (35a) (9.15 mL, 81.4 mmoles) and
dimethylacetylene-dicarboxylate (35b) (10.0 mL, 81.3 mmoles) in 160
mL of methanol is heated under reflux for 2 h. The solvent is
removed in vacuo and the residue purified by a flash column
chromatography. (90:10 hexanes-ethyl acetate). Compound 35c (17.0
g, 79% yield) is obtained as an orange oil.
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.9.62 (broad s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=7
and 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.66-6.62 (m, 1H), 6.49-6.45 (m, 2H), 5.38 (s,
1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H). ##STR00099##
Diphenylether (50 mL) is heated in a sand bath up to an internal
temperature of .apprxeq.250.degree.. Diester adduct (35c) (7.5 g,
28.3 mmoles), dissolved in 5 mL of diphenyl ether, is added within
2 min to the boiling solvent. The heating is maintained for 5 min
and the reaction mixture is then allowed to cool down to room
temperature. Rapidly a beige solid precipitated out. The solid is
filtered and then triturated with methanol. To yield 4.1 g (62%
yield) of the desired compound 35d.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.7.97 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d,
J=2 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J=9 and 2 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s,
3H), 3.84 (s, 3H). ##STR00100##
A solution of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline derivative (35e) (1.71 g,
5.33 mmoles), 4-hydroxyquinoline derivative (35f) (1.25 g, 5.36
mmoles) and triphenylphosphine (2.80 g, 10.68 mmoles) in 75 mL of
THF is cooled down to 0.degree. for the addition drop to drop
(.apprxeq.1 h) of DEAD (1.70 mL, 10.80 mmoles). The reaction
mixture was then allowed to warm up slowly to room temperature and
the stirring was continued overnight. The solvent is removed in
vacuo and the residue purified by a flash column chromatography
(70:30 ehtylacetate-hexanes). Compound 35g (0.7 g of pure compound
35g, and 1.8 g of compound 35g contaminated with .apprxeq.50% of
triphenylphosphate oxide) is obtained as a white solid.
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) rotamers (4:6) .delta.8.04 (d, J=9 Hz,
1H), 7.54 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 6H), 7.23 (dd, J=9 and
2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.33-5.13 (m, 3H), 4.66 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 0.4 H), 4.54 (t,
J=8 Hz, 0.6 H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.04=3.80 (m, 2H),
2.78-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 3.6H), 1.37 (s,
5.4H). ##STR00101##
To proline benzyl ester derivative (35g) (0.70 g, 1.31 mmoles) in
solution in a mixture of methanol-ethyl acetate (10 mL-10 mL) is
added 100 mg of 10% Pd/C. The resulting suspension is stirred at
room temperature under hydrogen atmosphere for 11/2 h. The catalyst
is then filtered on a Millex-HV Millipore (0.45 .mu.m filter unit)
and the solvents are evaporated in vacuo. Quantitative yield of the
desired acid 35h (0.59 g) is obtained.
.sup.1H NMR: (CDCl.sub.3) rotamers 70:30.delta.8.06 (d, J=9.5 Hz,
0.3 H), 8.01 (d, J=9 Hz, 0.7 H), 7.56 (d, J=2Hz, 1H), 7.44 (broad
s, 0.7 H), 7.41 (broad s, 0.3 H), 7.24 (dd, J=9 and 2.5 Hz, 1H),
5.31-5.25 (m, 1H), 4.67 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 0.7 H), 4.55 (t, J=7.5 Hz,
0.3 H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 4.04-3.80 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.72
(m, 1H), 2.71-2.47 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H). ##STR00102##
The salt of the amine 35i (215 mg, 1.21 mmoles) in 7 mL of
acetonitrile is treated with 0.95 mL of DIEA (5.45 mmoles). This
solution is then added to a solution of acid 35h (590 mg, 1.32
mmoles) and TBTU (389 mg, 1.21 mmoles) in 5 mL of CH.sub.3CN the
resulting solution is stirred at room temperature overnight. The
solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue is diluted with
ethylacetate and washed twice with a saturated solution of sodium
bicarbonate once with brine and dried over MgSO.sub.4. The solvent
is removed in vacuo and the residue is purified by flash column
chromatography (75:25 AcOEt-hexanes) to afford 527 mg (70% yield)
of the desired dipeptide (35j).
.sup.1H NMR: (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.8.01 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d,
J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J=9 and 2.5 Hz, 1H),
5.81-5.71 (m, 1H), 5.36-5.28 (m, 2H), 5.18-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.61-4.45
(m, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.91-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s,
3H), 2.99-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.08 (m, 1H),
1.97-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H).
##STR00103##
The diester 35j (716 mg, 1.25 mmoles) in solution in a mixture of
THF:MeoH (1.5 mL-1.5 mL) is cooled to 0.degree. before being
treated with an aqueous solution of NaOH 1M (1.25 mL, 1.25 mmoles).
After 1 h of stirring at 0.degree., 3 drops of glacial acetic acid
are added to neutralize the NaOH. The solvents are removed in vacuo
and the compound is dried on the pump for a few hours.
##STR00104##
A solution of the acid 35k sodium salt (1.25 mmoles) and Et.sub.3N
(0.19 mL, 1.36 mmoles) in 8 mL of THF is cooled to 0.degree. and
isobutyl chloroformate (0.18 mL, 1.39 mmoles) is added. After 40
min diazomethane (9 mL, 6.30 mmoles) is added and the resulting
solution is stirred at 0.degree. for 30 min and at room temperature
for 2 h. The solvents are removed in vacuo. The residue, diluted
with ethyl acetate, is washed twice with a saturated solution of
NaHCO.sub.3 once with brine and dried over MgSO.sub.4, the solvent
is evaporated under vacuo and the residue is purified by flash
column chromatography (50:50 Hexanes/AcOEt) to afford 378 mg (52%
yield) of the expected diazoketone 351.
.sup.1H NMR: (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.8.00 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s,
1H), 7.35 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=9 and 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.92
(s, 1H), 5.81-5.71 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.28 (m, 3H), 5.17-5.13 (m, 1H),
4.61-4.40 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.96-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H),
2.94-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.52
(m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 9H). ##STR00105##
To a cooled (0.degree.) solution of the diazoketone 351 (0.37 g,
0.642 mmoles) in 15 mL of THF is added 0.25 mL of HBr 48%. The
resulting yellow solution is stirred at 0.degree. for 1 h. The
reaction mixture is partitioned between ethyl acetate and a
saturated solution of NaHCO.sub.3. The organic phase is washed one
more time with NaHCO.sub.3 and dried with NaSO.sub.4. After
evaporation of the solvents in vacuo, 0.36 g (90% yield) of the
.alpha.-bromoketone 35m is isolated. ##STR00106##
The .alpha.-bromoketone 35m (170 mg, 0.271 mmoles) in 10 mL of
isopropanol is treated with 1-acetyl-2-thiourea (64 mg, 0.542
mmoles). The resulting solution is healed at 75.degree. for 1 h.
The solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue is diluted with ethyl
acetate and washed twice with a saturated solution of NaHCO.sub.3,
once with brine and dried with MgSO.sub.4. Evaporation of the
solvent in vacuo afforded 182 mg (>100%) of crude material 35n.
##STR00107##
The dipeptide 35n (145 mg, 0.223 mmoles) is treated with 3 mL of a
4M solution of HCl in dioxane. The resulting solution is stirred at
room temperature for 1 h. The solvents are removed in vacuo and the
residue is dried over the pump. The salt of the amine 35o in 5 mL
of CH.sub.3CN is treated with 195 .mu.L (1,12 mmoles) of DIEA. This
solution is then added to the solution of the Boc-tert-butylglycine
(103 mg, 0.446 mmoles) and HATU (186 mg, 0.489 mmoles) in 3 mL of
CH.sub.3CN. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature
overnight. The CH.sub.3CN is evaporated in vacuo. The residue
diluted with ethyl acetate is washed twice with a saturated
solution of NaHCO.sub.3, once with brine and dried with MgSO.sub.4.
After removal of the solvent, 274 mg of the crude tripeptide 35p is
obtained (>100%). ##STR00108##
The tripeptide 35p (56 mg, 0.0733 mmoles), in 4 mL of a 4M solution
of HCl in dioxane, is stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The
solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue dried over the
pump.
The salt of the amine obtained is dissolved in 4 mL of
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and treated with 0.13 mL of DIEA (0.746 mmoles)
followed by 26 mg of triphosgene (0.0876 mmoles). After 3 h
incubation, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylamine (20 mg, 0.146 mmoles) is
added (synthesized as described in Moss N., Gauthier J., Ferland J.
M., February 1995, SynLett. (2), 142-144). The ice bath is removed
and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight.
The CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 is evaporated in vacuo. The residue, diluted
with ethyl acetate is washed twice with a saturated solution of
NaHCO.sub.3, once with brine and dried with MgSO.sub.4 to afford 60
mg (.apprxeq.100%) of the desired urea 35q. ##STR00109##
A solution of methyl ester 35q (57 mg, 0.0721 mmoles) in a mixture
of THF:H.sub.2O (2.5 mL:1 mL) is treated with solid LlOH.H.sub.2O
(25 mg, 0.595 mmoles) and 1 mL of MeOH is added in order to clarify
the solution. After stirring for 4 h at room temperature, the
reaction is neutralized by addition of a 1M solution of HCl. The
solvents are removed in vacuo and the residue is purified by a
preparative chromatography. The compound dissolved in 2.5 mL of
MeOH, is injected into an equilibrated Whatman Partisil 10-ODS-3
(2.2.times.50 cm) C.sub.18 is reverse phase column. Purification
program: Linear Gradient at 20 mL/nm, .lamda.220 nm, inject at 10%
A up to 60% A in 60 min. A:0.06% TFA/CH.sub.3CN; B:0.06%;
TFA/H.sub.2O. Fractions were analyzed by analytical HPLC. The
product collected was lyophilized to provide 15 mg of compound 333
as an off white solid (27% yield).
.sup.1H NMR: (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.88 (s, 0.2H), 8.84 (d, J=4.5
Hz, 0.2H), 8.68 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0. H), 8.56 (s, 0.8H), 8.40-8.13 (m,
1,5H), 7.96 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 0.2H), 7.72-7.44 (m, 2.4H), 7.35-7.09 (m,
1.2H), 6.98 (d, J=9 Hz, 0.2H), 6.15 (d, J=9 Hz, 0.2H), 6.06 (d, J=9
Hz, 0.8H), 5.93 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 0.24H), 5.86 (d, J=9 Hz, 0.8H),
5.79-5.67 (m, 1H), 5.69-5.44 (m, 1H), 5.24-5.14 (m, 1H), 5.09-5.01
(m, 1H), 4.50-4.35 (m, 2H), 4.24 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 0.2H), 4.20 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, 0.8H), 4.06-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.60 (m,
2H), 2.58-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.22 (s, 2.4H), 2.21 (s,
0.6H), 2.02 (q, J=9 Hz, 1H), 1.56-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.22 (m, 1H),
0.97 (s, 9H), 0.83 (d, J=6 Hz, 3H), 0.72 (s, 9H).
MS(FAB) 778.3 (m+H).sup.+, 776.3 (M-H).sup.-.
Example 36
Cloning, Expression and Purification of the Recombinant HCV NS3
Protease Type 1b
Serum from an HCV-infected patient was obtained through an external
collaboration (Bernard Willems MD, Hopital St-Luc, Montreal, Canada
and Dr. Donald Murphy, Laboratoire de Sante Publique du Quebec,
Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Canada). An engineered full-length cDNA
template of the HCV genome was constructed from DNA fragments
obtained by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) of serum RNA and
using specific primers selected on the basis of homology between
other genotype 1b strains. From the determination of the entire
genomic sequence, a genotype 1b was assigned to the HCV isolate
according to the classification of Simmonds et al. (J. Clin.
Microbiol., (1993), 31, p.1493-1503). The amino acid sequence of
the non-structural region, NS2-NS4B, was shown to be greater than
93% identical to HCV genotype 1b (BK, JK and 483 isolates) and 88%
identical to HCV genotype 1a (HCV-1 isolate). A DNA fragment
encoding the polyprotein precursor (NS3/NS4A/NS4B/NS5A/NS5B) was
generated by PCR and introduced into eukaryotic expression vectors.
After transient transfection, the polyprotein processing mediated
by the HCV NS3 protease was demonstrated by the presence of the
mature NS3 protein using Western blot analysis. The mature NS3
protein was not observed with expression of a polyprotein precursor
containing the mutation S1165A, which inactivates the NS3 protease,
confirming the functionality of the HCV NS3 protease.
The DNA fragment encoding the recombinant HCV NS3 protease (amino
acid 1027 to 1206) was cloned in the pET11d bacterial expression
vector. The NS3 protease expression in E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS was
induced by incubation with 1 mM IPTG for 3 h at 22.degree. C. A
typical fermentation (18 L) yielded approximately 100 g of wet cell
paste. The cells were resuspended in lysis buffer (3.0 mL/g)
consisting of 25 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10% glycerol (v/v), 1
mM EDTA, 0.01% NP-40 and stored at -80.degree. C. Cells were thawed
and homogenized following the addition of 5 mM DTT. Magnesium
chloride and DNase were then added to the homogenate at final
concentrations of 20 mM and 20 .mu.g/mL respectively. After a 25
min incubation at 4.degree. C., the homogenate was sonicated and
centrifuged at 15000.times.g for 30 min at 4.degree. C. The pH of
the supernatant was then adjusted to 6.5 using a 1M sodium
phosphate solution.
An additional gel filtration chromatography step was added to the 2
step purification procedure described in WO 95/22985 (incorporated
herein by reference). Briefly, the supernatant from the bacterial
extract was loaded on a SP HiTrap column (Pharmacia) previously
equilibrated at a flow rate of 2 mL/min in buffer A (50 mM sodium
phosphate, pH 6.5, 10% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM DTT, 0.01% NP-40).
The column was then washed with buffer A containing 0.15 M NaCl and
the protease eluted by applying 10 column volumes of a linear 0.15
to 0.3 M NaCl gradient. NS3 protease-containing fractions were
pooled and diluted to a final NaCl concentration of 0.1 M. The
enzyme was further purified on a HiTrap Heparin column (Pharmacia)
equilibrated in buffer B (25 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10%
glycerol, 5 mM DTT, 0.01% NP-40). The sample was loaded at a flow
rate of 3 mL/min. The column was then washed with buffer B
containing 0.15 M NaCl at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Two step
washes were performed in the presence of buffer B containing 0.3 or
1M NaCl. The protease was recovered in the 0.3M NaCl wash, diluted
3-fold with buffer B, reapplied on the HiTrap Heparin column and
eluted with buffer B containing 0.4 M NaCl. Finally, the NS3
protease-containing fractions were applied on a Superdex 75 HiLoad
16/60 column (Pharmacia) equilibrated in buffer B containing 0.3 M
NaCl. The purity of the HCV NS3 protease obtained from the pooled
fractions was judged to be greater than 95% by SDS-PAGE followed by
densitometry analysis.
The enzyme was stored at -80.degree. C. and was thawed on ice and
diluted just prior to use.
Example 37
Recombinant HCV NS3 Protease/NS4A Cofactor Peptide Radiometric
Assay
The enzyme was cloned, expressed and prepared according to the
protocol described in Example 36. The enzyme was stored at
-80.degree. C., thawed on ice and diluted just prior to use in the
assay buffer containing the NS4A cofactor peptide. The substrate
used for the NS3 protease/NS4A cofactor peptide radiometric assay,
DDIVPC-SMSYTW, is cleaved between the cysteine and the serine
residues by the enzyme. The sequence DDIVPC-SMSYTW corresponds to
the NS5A/NS5B natural cleavage site in which the cysteine residue
in P2 has been substituted for a proline. The peptide substrate
DDIVPC-SMSYTW and the tracer biotin-DDIVPC-SMS[.sup.125I-Y]TW are
incubated with the recombinant NS3 protease and the NS4A peptide
cofactor KKGS-VVIVGRIILSGRK (molar ratio enzyme: cofactor 1:100) in
the absence or presence of inhibitors. The separation of substrate
from products is performed by adding avidin-coated agarose beads to
the assay mixture followed by filtration. The amount of
SMS[.sup.125I-Y]TW product found in the filtrate allows for the
calculation of the percentage of substrate conversion and of the
percentage of inhibition.
A. Reagents
Tris and Tris-HCl (UltraPure) were obtained from Gibco-BRL.
Glycerol (UltraPure), MES and BSA were purchased from Sigma. TCEP
was obtained from Pierce, DMSO from Aldrich and NaOH from
Anachemia.
Assay buffer: 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.5, 30% (w/v) glycerol, 1 mg/mL
BSA, 1 mM TCEP (TCEP added just prior to use from a 1 M stock
solution in water).
Substrate: DDIVPCSMSYTW, 25 .mu.M final concentration (from a 2 mM
stock solution in DMSO stored at -20.degree. C. to avoid
oxidation).
Tracer: reduced mono iodinated substrate biotin DDIVPC
SMS[.sup.125I Y]TW (.about.1 nM final concentration).
HCV NS3 protease type 1b, 25 nM final concentration (from a stock
solution in 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10% glycerol, 300 mM
NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 0.01% NP-40).
NS4A Cofactor peptide: KKGSVVIVGRIILSGRK, 2.5 .mu.M final
concentration (from a 2 mM stock solution in DMSO stored at
-20.degree. C.).
B. Protocol
The assay was performed in a 96-well polystyrene plate from Costar.
Each well contained: 20 .mu.L substrate/tracer in assay buffer; 10
.mu.L.+-.inhibitor in 20% DMSO/assay buffer; 10 .mu.L NS3 protease
1b/NS4 cofactor peptide (molar ratio 1:100), Blank (no inhibitor
and no enzyme) and control (no inhibitor) were also prepared on the
same assay plate.
The enzymatic reaction was initiated by the addition of the
enzyme/NS4A peptide solution and the assay mixture was incubated
for 40 min at 23.degree. C. under gentle agitation. Ten (10) .mu.L
of 0.5N NaOH were added and 10 .mu.L 1 M MES, pH 5.8 were added to
quench the enzymatic reaction.
Twenty (20) .mu.L of avidin-coated agarose beads (purchased from
Pierce) were added in a Millipore MADP N65 filtration plate. The
quenched assay mixture was transferred to the filtration plate, and
incubated for 60 min at 23.degree. C. under gentle agitation.
The plates were filtered using a Millipore Multiscreen Vacuum
Manifold Filtration apparatus, and 40 .mu.L of the filtrate was
transferred in an opaque 96-well plate containing 60 .mu.L of
scintillation fluid per well.
The filtrates were counted on a Packard TopCount instrument using a
.sup.125I-liquid protocol for 1 minute.
The % inhibition was calculated with the following equation:
100-[(count.sub.inh-counts.sub.blank)/(counts.sub.cil-counts.sub.blank).t-
imes.100] A non-linear curve fit with the Hill model was applied to
the inhibition-concentration data, and the 50% effective
concentration (IC.sub.50) was calculated by the use of SAS software
(Statistical Software System; SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, N.C.).
Example 38
Full-length NS3-NS4A Heterodimer Protein Assay
The NS2-NS5B-3' non coding region was cloned by RT-PCR into the
pCR.RTM.3 vector (Invitrogen) using RNA extracted from the serum of
an HCV genotype 1b infected individual (provided by Dr. Bernard
Willems, Hopital St-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada). The NS3-NS4A
DNA region was then subcloned by PCR into the pFastBac.TM. HTa
baculovirus expression vector (Gibco/BRL). The vector sequence
includes a region encoding a 28-residue N-terminal sequence which
contains a hexahistidine tag. The Bac-to-Bac.TM. baculovirus
expression system (Gibco/BRL) was used to produce the recombinant
baculovirus. The full length mature NS3 and NS4A heterodimer
protein (His-NS3-NS4AFL) was expressed by infecting 10.sup.6 Sf21
cells/mL with the recombinant baculovirus at a multiplicity of
infection of 0.1-0.2 at 27.degree. C. The infected culture was
harvested 48 to 64 h later by centrifugation at 4.degree. C. The
cell pellet was homogenized in 50 mM NaPO.sub.4, pH 7.5, 40%
glycerol (w/v), 2 mM .beta.-mercaptoethanol, in presence of a
cocktail of protease inhibitors. His-NS3-NS4AFL was then extracted
from the cell lysate with 1.5% NP-40, 0.5% Triton X-100, 0.5M NaCl,
and a DNase treatment. After ultracentrifugation, the soluble
extract was diluted 4-fold and bound on a Pharmacia Hi-Trap
Ni-chelating column. The His-NS3-NS4AFL was eluted in a >90%
pure form (as judged by SDS-PAGE), using a 50 to 400 mM imidazole
gradient. The His-NS3-NS4AFL was stored at -80.degree. C. in 50 mM
sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10% (w/v) glycerol, 0.5 M NaCl, 0.25 M
imidazole, 0.1% NP-40. It was thawed on ice and diluted just prior
to use. The protease activity of His-NS3-NS4AFL was assayed in 50
mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 0.25 M sodium citrate, 0.01% (w/v)
n-dodecyl-.beta.-D-maltoside, 1 mM TCEP. Five (5) .mu.M of the
internally quenched substrate anthranilyl-DDIVPAbu[C(O)-O]-AMY
(3-NO.sub.2)TW-OH in presence of various concentrations of
inhibitor were incubated with 1.5 nM of His-NS3-NS4AFL for 45 min
at 23.degree. C. The final DMSO concentration did not exceed 5.25%.
The reaction was terminated with the addition of 1M MES, pH 5.8.
Fluorescence of the N-terminal product was monitored on a
Perkin-Elmer LS-50B fluorometer equipped with a 96-well plate
reader (excitation wavelength: 325 nm; emission wavelength: 423
nm).
The % inhibition was calculated with the following equation:
100-[(counts.sub.inh-counts.sub.blank)/(counts.sub.csl-counts.sub.blank).-
times.100] A non-linear curve fit with the Hill model was applied
to the inhibition-concentration data, and the 50% effective
concentration (IC.sub.50) was calculated by the use of SAS software
(Statistical Software System; SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, N.C.).
Example 39
NS3 Protease Cell-based Assay
This assay was done with Huh-7 cells, a human cell line derived
from a hepatoma, co-transfected with 2 DNA constructs: one
expressing a polyprotein comprising the HCV non-structural proteins
fused to tTA in the following order: NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5-tTA (called
NS3); the other expressing the reporter protein, secreted alkaline
phosphatase, under the control of tTA (called SEAP). The
polyprotein must be cleaved by the NS3 protease for the mature
proteins to be released. Upon release of the mature proteins, it is
believed that the viral proteins will form a complex at the
membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum while tTA will migrate to the
nucleus and transactivate the SEAP gene. Therefore, reduction of
NS3 proteolytic activity should lead to reduction of mature tTA
levels and concomitant decrease in SEAP activity.
To control for other effects of the compounds, a parallel
transfection was done where a construct expressing tTA alone
(called tTA) was co-transfected with the SEAP construct such that
SEAP activity is independent of NS3 proteolytic activity. Protocol
of the assay: Huh-7 cells, grown in CHO-SFMII+10% PCS (fetal calf
serum), were co-transfected with either NS3 and SEAP or tTA and
SEAP, using the FuGene protocol (Boehringer Mannheim). After 5 h at
37.degree., the cells were washed, trypsinized and plated (at 80000
cells/well) in 96-well plates containing a range of concentrations
of the compounds to be tested. After a 24-h incubation period, an
aliquot of the medium was drawn and the SEAP activity in this
aliquot was measured with the Phospha-Light kit (Tropix).
Analysis of the percent inhibition of SEAP activity with respect to
compound concentration was performed with the SAS software to
obtain the EC.sub.50.
The toxicity of the compound (TC.sub.50) was then assessed using
the MIT assay as follows: 20 .mu.L of a MTT solution (5 mg/ml
medium) was added per well and incubated at 37.degree. for 4 hrs;
the medium was removed and 50 .mu.l of 0.01N HCl+10% Triton X-100
was added; after shaking at RT for at least 1 hr, the OD of each
well was read at 595 nm wavelength. The TC.sub.50 was calculated in
the same way as the EC.sub.50.
Example 40
Specificity Assays
The specificity of the compounds was determined against a variety
of serine proteases: human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic
elastase and bovine pancreatic .alpha.-chymotrypsin and one
cysteine protease: human liver cathepsin B. In all cases a 96-well
plate format protocol using a calorimetric p-nitroaniline (pNA)
substrate specific for each enzyme was used. Each assay included a
1 h enzyme-inhibitor pre-incubation at 30.degree. C. followed by
addition of substrate and hydrolysis to .apprxeq.30% conversion as
measured on a UV Thermomax.RTM. microplate reader. Substrate
concentrations were kept as low as possible compared to K.sub.M to
reduce substrate competition. Compound concentrations varied from
300 to 0.06 .mu.M depending on their potency.
The final conditions for each assay were as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl
pH 8, 0.5 M Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 3% DMSO,
0.01% Tween-20 with; [100 .mu.M Succ-AAPF-pNA and 250 pM
.alpha.-chymotrypsin], [133 .mu.M Succ-AAA-pNA and 8 nM porcine
elastase], [133 .mu.M Succ-AAV-pNA and 8 nM leukocyte elastase]; or
[100 mM NaHPO.sub.4 pH 6, 0.1 mM EDTA, 3% DMSO, 1 mM TCEP, 0.01%
Tween-20, 30 .mu.M Z-FR-pNA and 5 nM cathepsin B (the stock enzyme
was activated in buffer containing 20 mM TCEP before use)].
A representative example is summarized below for porcine pancreatic
elastase: In a polystyrene flat-bottom 96-well plate were added
using a Biomek liquid handler (Beckman): 40 .mu.L of assay buffer
(50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA); 20 .mu.L of enzyme
solution (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.02%
Tween-20, 40 nM porcine pancreatic elastase); and 20 .mu.l of
inhibitor solution (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA,
0.02% Tween-20, 1.5 mM-0.3 .mu.M inhibitor, 15% v/v DMSO). After 60
min pre-incubation at 30.degree. C., 20 .mu.L of substrate solution
(50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 0.5 M Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM
EDTA, 665 .mu.M Succ-AAA-pNA) were added to each well and the
reaction was further incubated at 30.degree. C. for 60 min after
which time the absorbance was read on the UV Thermomax.RTM. plate
reader. Rows of wells were allocated for controls (no inhibitor)
and for blanks (no inhibitor and no enzyme).
The sequential 2-fold dilutions of the inhibitor solution were
performed on a separate plate by the liquid handler using 50 mM
Tris-HCl pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.02% Tween-20, 15% DMSO.
All other specificity assays were performed in a similar
fashion.
The percentage of inhibition was calculated using the formula:
[1((UVinh-UVblank)/(UVctl-UVblank))].times.100 A non-linear curve
fit with the Hill model was applied to the inhibition-concentration
data, and the 50% effective concentration (IC.sub.50) was
calculated by the use of SAS software (Statistical Software System;
SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, N.C.).
Table of Compounds
The following tables list compounds representative of the
invention. Compounds of the invention were assayed either in one or
both of the assays of Examples 37 and 38 and were found to be
active with IC.sub.50 below 50 .mu.M.
Activity in Cells and Specificity
Representative compounds of the invention were also tested in the
surrogate cell-based assay of Example 39, and in one or several
assays of Example 40. For example, compound 601 from Table 6 was
found to have an IC.sub.50 of 50 nM in the assay of Example 37 and
30 nM in the assay of Example 38. The EC.sub.50 as determined by
the assay of Example 39 is 8.2 .mu.M. In the specificity assays of
Example 40, the same compound was found to have the following
activity: HLE>75 .mu.M; PPE>75 .mu.M; .alpha.-Chym.>75
.mu.M; Cat. B>75 .mu.M. These results indicate that this family
of compounds is highly specific for the NS3 protease and at least
certain members of this family are active in a surrogate cell-based
assay.
The following abbreviations are used within the present tables:
MS: Mass spectrometric data; Ac: acetyl; Bn: benzyl; Boc:
tert-butyloxycarbonyl; cHex: cyclohexyl; Chg; cyclohexylglycine
(2-amino-2-cyclohexyl-acetic acid); iPr: isopropyl; O-Bn:
benzyloxy; Ph; phenyl; t-Bu: tert-butyl; Tbg: iert-butylglycine; 1-
or 2-Np: 1- or 2-naphthyl; 1- or 2-NpCH.sub.2O: 1, or
2-naphthylmethoxy.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 ##STR00110## Tab 1 IC.sub.50 Cpd # B R.sub.3
R.sub.2 MS (.mu.M) 101 Boc cHex --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl 594 43 102
##STR00111## cHex --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl 632 45 103 ##STR00112##
cHex --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl 642 42 104 ##STR00113## cHex
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl 728 29.5 105 ##STR00114## cHex
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl 619 47 106 Boc cHex ##STR00115## 702 2.8
107 ##STR00116## cHex --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl 720 M + Na.sup.+ 34
108 Boc iPr ##STR00117## 662 8.9 109 acetyl cHex ##STR00118## 644
6.3 110 Boc i-Pr ##STR00119## 575.1 9.7 111 Boc t-Bu ##STR00120##
661.3 0.475
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 ##STR00121## R.sub.1 Table 2 anti to
IC.sub.50 Cpd # B R.sub.3 R.sub.2 carboxy MS (.mu.M) 201 Boc
cyclohexyl --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl 622 15 (one isomer) 202
Boc cyclohexyl --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl 622 40 (other isomer)
203 Boc t-Bu ##STR00122## vinyl 1R, 2R 687.5 0.082
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 ##STR00123## R.sub.1 Table 3 syn to
IC.sub.50 Cpd # B R.sub.3 R.sub.2 carboxyl MS (.mu.M) 301 Boc cHex
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl 622 7.7 302 ##STR00124## iPr
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl 582 12.5 303 ##STR00125## cHex
--O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl ethyl 622 11 304 Boc cHex ##STR00126##
ethyl 623 32 305 Boc cHex --O--CH.sub.2-1-naphthyl vinyl 620 3.2
306 Boc cHex ##STR00127## vinyl 607 0.8 307 Boc cHex ##STR00128##
vinyl 728 0.27 308 Boc cHex ##STR00129## vinyl 606 1.6 309 Boc cHex
##STR00130## vinyl 606 5 310 Boc cHex ##STR00131## vinyl 607 2.5
311 Boc cHex ##STR00132## vinyl 641 0.56 312 Boc cHex ##STR00133##
vinyl 607 8.5 313 Boc cHex ##STR00134## vinyl 621 2.5 314 Boc cHex
##STR00135## vinyl 683 0.14 315 Boc cHex ##STR00136## vinyl 698
0.66 316 Acetyl cHex ##STR00137## vinyl 625 1.9 317 Boc cHex
##STR00138## vinyl 740 0.32 318 CF.sub.3--C(O)-- i-Pr ##STR00139##
vinyl 639.3 0.88 319 ##STR00140## cHex ##STR00141## vinyl 732.3 1.2
320 ##STR00142## cHex ##STR00143## vinyl 704.3 0.65 321 Boc t-Bu
##STR00144## vinyl 658.7 0.19 322 Boc t-Bu ##STR00145## vinyl 717.6
1.95 323 Boc t-Bu ##STR00146## ##STR00147## 672.4 0.64 324 Boc t-Bu
##STR00148## vinyl 727.5 0.05 325 Boc t-Bu ##STR00149##
##STR00150## 701.4 0.153 326 Boc t-Bu ##STR00151## vinyl 708.3 0.32
327 ##STR00152## t-Bu ##STR00153## vinyl 610.3 0.045 328 Boc t-Bu
##STR00154## vinyl 615.3 3.2 329 Boc t-Bu ##STR00155## vinyl 685.3
0.36 330 Boc t-Bu ##STR00156## vinyl 627.5 6 331 ##STR00157## t-Bu
##STR00158## vinyl 656.5 0.071 332 Boc t-Bu ##STR00159## ethyl
689.3 0.13 333 ##STR00160## t-Bu ##STR00161## vinyl 778.3 0.003 334
##STR00162## t-Bu ##STR00163## vinyl 764.4 0.007
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 ##STR00164## Table 4 IC.sub.50 Cpd # B
R.sub.3 R.sub.2 R.sub.1 MS (.mu.M) 401 Boc i-Pr ##STR00165## H
589.1 5.8 402 Boc t-Bu ##STR00166## H 603.6 7.9 403 Boc t-Bu
##STR00167## H 675.4 0.132 404 Boc t-Bu ##STR00168##
3-(.dbd.CH.sub.2) 687.1 0.6 405 Boc t-Bu ##STR00169## 2-vinyl 702.3
0.220 406 Boc t-Bu ##STR00170## 2-Et 703.3 0.4
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 ##STR00171## Table 5 IC.sub.50 Cpd # R.sub.3
MS (.mu.M) 501 t-Bu 581.3 0.4 502 H 539.2 6.2 503 ##STR00172##
625.3 0.79 504 ##STR00173## 582.6 2.6 505 ##STR00174## 583.2 0.79
506 ##STR00175## 659.2 1.3 507 ##STR00176## 670.2 0.98 508
##STR00177## 703.3 3.2 509 ##STR00178## 581.3 0.377 510
##STR00179## 581.2 0.255 511 ##STR00180## 637.2 2.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 ##STR00181## Table 6 Cpd IC.sub.50 # R.sub.3
R.sub.22A R.sub.21B MS (.mu.M) 601 i-Pr Ph 7-OMe 673.3 0.05 602
t-Bu Ph 8-OMe, 717.2 0.041 7-OMe 603 i-Pr Ph 7-ethyl 671.2 0.195
604 t-Bu -- 7-OMe 611.2 0.073 605 t-Bu Ph 7-O-iPr 715.3 0.195 606
t-Bu -- 7-Cl 615.2 0.48 607 iPr -- 7-Cl 601.2 0.45 608 CH.sub.2-iPr
-- 7-Cl 615.3 1.45 609 t-Bu ##STR00182## -- 680.2 1.7 610 t-Bu Cl
-- 613.3 0.25 611 t-Bu Ph 7-N(Me).sub.2 700.5 0.035 612 t-Bu
##STR00183## -- 666.4 0.278 613 t-Bu ##STR00184## -- 650.4 1.0 614
t-Bu ##STR00185## -- 664.5 2.2 615 t-Bu -- 7-N(Me).sub.2 624.5 0.16
616 t-Bu ##STR00186## -- 678.4 (M - H).sup.+ 0.087 617 t-Bu
##STR00187## -- 664.5 0.345 618 t-Bu ##STR00188## -- 638.5 2.3 619
t-Bu ##STR00189## -- 700.5 3.0 620 t-Bu ##STR00190## -- 679.5 0.72
621 t-Bu ##STR00191## -- 678.3 0.058 622 t-Bu ##STR00192## -- 625.4
0.16 623 t-Bu MeO-- -- 611.3 0.20 624 t-Bu (Me).sub.2N-- -- 624.4
1.30 625 t-Bu Ph 7-S(Me) 703.4 0.16 626 t-Bu Ph 7-Br 737.3 0.24 627
t-Bu Ph 7-F 675.3 0.33 628 t-Bu ##STR00193## 7-N(Me).sub.2 764.2
0.011 629 t-Bu ##STR00194## 7-N(Me).sub.2 764.3 0.02 630 t-Bu
##STR00195## 7-N(Me).sub.2 792.3 0.043
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 ##STR00196## Table 7 IC.sub.50 Cpd # R.sub.3
R.sub.21A MS (.mu.M) 701 t-Bu ##STR00197## 691.3 0.028 702 t-Bu
##STR00198## 713.4 0.10 703 t-Bu ##STR00199## 655.3 0.047 704 t-Bu
##STR00200## 728.4 0.24 705 t-Bu ##STR00201## 696.4 0.13 706 t-Bu
##STR00202## 693.3 0.032 707 t-Bu ##STR00203## 694.3 0.023 708 t-Bu
Ph--N(Me)-- 716.4 0.15 709 t-Bu ##STR00204## 709.2 0.021 710 t-Bu
HOOC-- 655.3 0.685 711 t-Bu ##STR00205## 708.2 0.016 712 t-Bu
(Me).sub.2N-- 654.3 0.10 713 t-Bu ##STR00206## 692.3 (M-H) 0.026
714 t-Bu ##STR00207## 722.3 0.012 715 t-Bu ##STR00208## 688.3 0.031
716 t-Bu ##STR00209## 688.3 0.079 717 t-Bu ##STR00210## 723.3 0.028
718 t-Bu NH.sub.2 626.3 0.16 719 t-Bu ##STR00211## 751.2 0.018 720
t-Bu ##STR00212## 733.4 0.03 721 t-Bu ##STR00213## 724.1 0.045 722
t-Bu ##STR00214## 737.3 0.048 723 t-Bu ##STR00215## 751.4 0.047 724
t-Bu ##STR00216## 708.4 0.075 725 t-Bu ##STR00217## 689.4 0.046 726
t-Bu i-Pr 653.3 0.25 727 t-Bu ##STR00218## 688.3 0.07 728 t-Bu
##STR00219## 786.1 0.022 729 t-Bu ##STR00220## 689.3 0.2 730 t-Bu
##STR00221## 669.2 0.042 731 t-Bu ##STR00222## 669.2 0.031 732 t-Bu
##STR00223## 791.0 0.02 733 t-Bu ##STR00224## 765.3 0.028 734 t-Bu
##STR00225## 671.3 0.044 735 t-Bu ##STR00226## 683.3 0.058 736 t-Bu
t-Bu 667.4 0.25 737 t-Bu CHex 693.4 0.13
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 8 ##STR00227## Table 8 IC.sub.50 Cpd # B
R.sub.3 R.sub.22 MS (.mu.M) 801 ##STR00228## t-Bu -- 686.7 0.006
802 ##STR00229## t-Bu -- 727.7 0.024 803 ##STR00230## t-Bu -- 685.7
0.12 804 ##STR00231## t-Bu -- 711.7 0.032 805 Ac t-Bu -- 629.6
0.083 806 ##STR00232## t-Bu -- 725.7 0.036 807 ##STR00233## t-Bu --
672.4 0.01 808 ##STR00234## t-Bu -- 712.4 0.008 809 ##STR00235##
i-Pr -- 649.3 0.071 810 ##STR00236## t-Bu -- 749.3 0.45 811 Boc
t-Bu 4-Cl 721.3 0.04 812 ##STR00237## t-Bu -- 706.2 0.013 813
##STR00238## t-Bu -- 702.2 0.02 814 Boc t-Bu 2-Cl 721.3 0.13 815
Boc t-Bu 3-Cl 721.3 0.16 816 ##STR00239## t-Bu -- 658.3 0.032 817
##STR00240## t-Bu -- 720.2 0.017 818 ##STR00241## t-Bu -- 728.3
0.019 819 ##STR00242## i-Pr -- 762.3 0.32 820 ##STR00243## i-Pr --
732.2 0.063 821 ##STR00244## i-Pr -- 679.1 0.12 822 ##STR00245##
i-Pr -- 663.3 0.05 823 Boc t-Bu 2-OMe 717.2 0.107 824 Boc t-Bu
3-OMe 719.2 0.07 825 Boc t-Bu 4-OMe 719.2 0.024 826 ##STR00246##
i-Pr -- 663.3 0.78 827 ##STR00247## t-Bu -- 673.2 0.27 828
##STR00248## i-Pr -- 691.3 0.10 829 ##STR00249## t-Bu -- 734.3
0.057 830 ##STR00250## t-Bu -- 645.3 0.111 831 ##STR00251## t-Bu --
701.3 0.015 832 ##STR00252## t-Bu -- 801.3 0.11 833 ##STR00253##
t-Bu -- 715.2 0.015 834 ##STR00254## i-Pr -- 663.3 0.074 835
##STR00255## t-Bu -- 702.5 0.007 836 ##STR00256## i-Pr -- 694.4
0.13 837 ##STR00257## i-Pr -- 883.3 0.098 838 ##STR00258## i-Pr --
679.1 0.094 839 ##STR00259## i-Pr -- 674.5 0.10 840 ##STR00260##
i-Pr -- 667.4 0.085 841 Boc t-Bu 2-Me 701.5 0.24 842 Boc t-Bu 3-Me
701.5 0.073 843 Boc t-Bu 4-Me 701.5 0.053 844 ##STR00261## t-Bu
4-OMe 716.6 0.006 845 ##STR00262## i-Pr -- 706.9 0.18 846
##STR00263## i-Pr -- 693.4 0.104 847 Boc cHex -- 713.4 0.037 848
Boc ##STR00264## -- 687.5 0.093 849 Boc ##STR00265## -- 701.5 0.110
850 Boc ##STR00266## -- 731.5 0.063 851 Boc ##STR00267## -- 689.5
0.12 852 Boc ##STR00268## -- 689.5 0.17 853 Boc ##STR00269## --
765.5 0.17 854 ##STR00270## i-Pr -- 723.4 (M - H).sup.+ 0.37 855
##STR00271## i-Pr -- 693.3 0.675 856 ##STR00272## i-Pr -- 688.3
0.11 857 ##STR00273## t-Bu -- 716.4 0.011 858 ##STR00274## t-Bu --
700.4 0.205 859 ##STR00275## i-Pr -- 655.4 0.83 860 ##STR00276##
i-Pr -- 759.3 0.24 861 ##STR00277## i-Pr -- 688.3 0.17 862
##STR00278## i-Pr -- 685.3 0.23 863 ##STR00279## i-Pr -- 699.4 0.30
864 ##STR00280## i-Pr -- 667.3 0.45 865 ##STR00281## t-Bu -- 701.4
0.02 866 ##STR00282## t-Bu -- 702.4 0.20 867 ##STR00283## t-Bu --
701.3 0.051 868 ##STR00284## t-Bu -- 713.3 0.03 869 ##STR00285##
t-Bu -- 699.4 0.014 870 ##STR00286## t-Bu -- 700.4 0.009 871
##STR00287## t-Bu -- 714.3 0.011 872 ##STR00288## t-Bu -- 714.4
0.005 873 ##STR00289## t-Bu -- 714.3 0.019
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 9 ##STR00290## Table 9 IC.sub.50 Cpd # B MS
(.mu.M) 901 Boc 685.3 0.025 902 ##STR00291## 825.4 0.042 903
##STR00292## 769.3 0.005 904 ##STR00293## 707.3 0.095 905
##STR00294## 685.2 0.029 906 ##STR00295## 728.2 0.014 907
##STR00296## 717.2 0.025 908 ##STR00297## 691.2 0.072 909
##STR00298## 727.2 0.036 910 ##STR00299## 715.3 0.056 911
##STR00300## 721.3 0.039 912 ##STR00301## 733.2 0.034 913
##STR00302## 713.3 0.030 914 ##STR00303## 805.3 0.031 915
##STR00304## 692.2 0.026 916 ##STR00305## 680.3 0.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 10 ##STR00306## Table 10 IC.sub.50 Cpd #
B--X-- R.sub.3 Z R.sub.21B MS (.mu.M) 1001 Ph--N(Me)-- i-Pr O H
663.3 0.31 1002 Boc-NH-- t-Bu S OMe 703.4 0.32 1003 ##STR00307##
i-Pr O -- 663.3 0.31
* * * * *