U.S. patent number RE41,303 [Application Number 11/398,751] was granted by the patent office on 2010-05-04 for load driver and control method for safely driving dc load and computer-readable recording medium with program recorded thereon for allowing computer to execute the control.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Toshihiro Katsuda, Masayuki Komatsu, Ryoji Oki.
United States Patent |
RE41,303 |
Komatsu , et al. |
May 4, 2010 |
Load driver and control method for safely driving DC load and
computer-readable recording medium with program recorded thereon
for allowing computer to execute the control
Abstract
In regenerative braking mode, an inverter converts, according to
PWMC signal from a control unit, an AC voltage generated by a motor
into a DC voltage to supply the converted DC voltage to an
up-converter which down-converts the DC voltage to charge a DC
power supply. The control unit receives voltage V2 from a voltage
sensor to stop the up-converter if voltage V2 is higher than a
predetermined value. The control unit further receives voltage Vf
from a voltage sensor that is applied to a DC/DC converter and
stops the up-converter if voltage Vf is higher than a predetermined
value. Moreover, the control unit receives voltage V1 of the DC
power supply from a voltage sensor to stop the up-converter if
voltage V1 does not match voltage V2.
Inventors: |
Komatsu; Masayuki (Aichi-Ken,
JP), Oki; Ryoji (Toyota, JP), Katsuda;
Toshihiro (Toyota, JP) |
Assignee: |
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
(Toyota, JP)
|
Family
ID: |
26624112 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/398,751 |
Filed: |
April 6, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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Reissue of: |
10272988 |
Oct 18, 2002 |
06917179 |
Jul 12, 2005 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Oct 25, 2001 [JP] |
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2001-327994 |
Feb 14, 2002 [JP] |
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2002-036341 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
318/700; 361/23;
361/22; 361/20; 361/18; 318/805; 318/798; 318/434 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60L
3/0023 (20130101); B60L 2210/10 (20130101); Y02T
10/72 (20130101); Y02T 10/7216 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H02P
1/46 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;318/700,798,805,434
;361/18,20,22,23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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WO |
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Primary Examiner: Ro; Bentsu
Assistant Examiner: Luo; David S
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Oliff & Berridge, PLC
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A load driver comprising: a DC power supply outputting a DC
voltage; a voltage converter connected to said DC power supply to
provide, toward said DC power supply, a DC voltage based on
electric power generated by a power-generating unit; a DC load
connected .[.to.]. .Iadd.in parallel with .Iaddend.said voltage
converter and said DC power supply; .[.and.]. .[."a.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.control unit executing both of a first control and a
second control, and one of the first control only and the second
control only when .[.a . . . " voltage converter,.]. .Iadd.a
malfunction is detected in an electrical system between said DC
power supply and said voltage converter .Iaddend.said first control
being executed to protect an electrical system of said DC load and
said second control being executed to continue operation of said DC
load.
.[.2. The load driver according to claim 1, wherein said control
unit executes said first control when said malfunction is
detected..].
3. The load driver according to .[.claim 2,.]. .Iadd.claim 1,
.Iaddend.wherein when said malfunction is detected, said control
unit controls said voltage converter to apply a voltage smaller
than a predetermined value to the electrical system of said DC
load.
4. The load driver according to claim 3, further comprising a
voltage sensor detecting a voltage applied to said DC load, wherein
said control unit stops operation of said voltage converter when
the voltage detected by said voltage sensor reaches at least said
predetermined value.
5. The load driver according to claim 4, wherein said
power-generating unit is formed of at least one generator.
6. The load driver according to claim 5, wherein .[.each of.]. said
at least one .[.generators.]. .Iadd.generator .Iaddend.is an AC
generator, said load driver further comprises at least one
.[.inverters.]. .Iadd.inverter .Iaddend.provided correspondingly to
said at least one .[.generators.]. .Iadd.generator .Iaddend.and
each converting an AC voltage supplied from the corresponding AC
generator into a DC voltage, and said control unit controls .[.each
of.]. said at least one .[.inverters.]. .Iadd.inverter .Iaddend.in
a normal operation to convert said AC voltage into said DC voltage
and supply said DC voltage converted from said AC voltage to said
voltage converter.
7. The load driver according to claim 4, wherein said generator is
a drive motor generating drive power for a vehicle.
8. A load driver comprising: a DC power supply outputting a DC
voltage; a voltage converter connected to said DC power supply to
provide, toward said DC power supply, a DC voltage based on
electric power generated by a power-generating unit; a DC load
connected to said voltage converter and said DC power supply; a
control unit executing at least one of first control and second
control when a malfunction is detected in an electrical system
between said DC power supply and said voltage converter, said first
control being executed to protect an electrical system of said DC
load and said second control being executed to continue operation
of said DC load, wherein said control unit executes said first
control when said malfunction is detected, and wherein when said
malfunction is detected, said control unit controls said voltage
converter to apply a voltage smaller than a predetermined value to
the electrical system of said DC load; and a voltage sensor
detecting .[.a.]. .Iadd.the .Iaddend.DC voltage on an input of said
voltage converter when a DC current is supplied from said DC power
supply to said voltage converter, and said control unit stops
operation of said voltage converter when the DC voltage detected by
said voltage sensor reaches at least said predetermined value.
9. The load driver according to claim 8, wherein said
power-generating unit is formed of at least one generator.
10. The load driver according to claim 9, wherein .[.each of.].
said at least one .[.generators.]. .Iadd.generator .Iaddend.is an
AC generator, said load driver further comprises at least one
.[.inverters.]. .Iadd.inverter .Iaddend.provided correspondingly to
said at least one .[.generators.]. .Iadd.generator .Iaddend.and
each converting an AC voltage supplied from the corresponding AC
generator into a DC voltage, and said control unit controls .[.each
of.]. said at least one .[.inverters.]. .Iadd.inverter .Iaddend.in
a normal operation to convert said AC voltage into said DC voltage
and supply said DC voltage converted from said AC voltage to said
voltage converter.
11. A load driver comprising: a DC power supply outputting a DC
voltage; a voltage converter connected to said DC vower supply to
provide, toward said DC power supply, a DC voltage based on
electric sower generated by a power-generating unit; a DC load
connected to said voltage converter and said DC power supply; a
control unit executing at least one of first control and second
control when a malfunction is detected in an electrical system
between said DC power supply and said voltage converter, said first
control being executed to protect an electrical system of said DC
load and said second control being executed to continue operation
of said DC load, wherein said control unit executes said first
control when said malfunction is detected, and wherein when said
malfunction is detected, said control unit controls said voltage
converter to apply a voltage smaller than a predetermined value to
the electrical system of said DC load; a first voltage sensor
detecting a first DC voltage output from said DC power supply; and
a second voltage sensor detecting a second DC voltage on an input
of said voltage converter when a DC current is supplied from said
DC power supply to said voltage converter, wherein said control
unit stops operation of said voltage converter when the first
voltage detected by said first voltage sensor differs from the
second voltage detected by said second voltage sensor.
12. The load driver according to claim 11, wherein said
power-generating unit is formed of at least one generator.
13. The load driver according to claim 12, wherein said generator
is an AC generator, said load driver further comprises an inverter
converting an AC voltage supplied from said AC generator into a DC
voltage, and said control unit controls said inverter in a normal
operation to convert said AC voltage into said DC voltage and
supply said DC voltage converted from said AC voltage to said
voltage converter.
14. The load driver according to claim 11, wherein said
power-generating unit is formed of a plurality of generators.
15. The load driver according to claim 14, wherein said control
unit further controls a plurality of drivers corresponding
respectively to said plurality of generators to keep a balance
between supply and consumption of electric energy with respect to
said plurality of generators, and controls the electrical system of
said DC load to drive said DC load by electric power supplied from
said DC power supply.
16. The load driver according to claim 14, wherein each of said
plurality of generators .[.are.]. .Iadd.is .Iaddend.an AC
generator, said load driver further comprises a plurality of
inverters provided correspondingly to said plurality of generators
and each converting an AC voltage supplied from a corresponding AC
generator into a DC voltage, and said control unit controls each of
said plurality of inverters in a normal operation to convert said
AC voltage into said DC voltage and supply said DC voltage
converted from said AC voltage to said voltage converter.
17. A load driver comprising: a DC power supply outputting a DC
voltage; a voltage converter connected to said DC power supply to
provide, toward said DC power supply, a DC voltage based on
electric power generated by a power-generating unit; a DC load
connected to said voltage converter and said DC power supply; and a
control unit executing at least one of first control and second
control when a malfunction is detected in an electrical system
between said DC power supply and said voltage converter, said first
control being executed to protect an electrical system of said DC
load and said second control being executed to continue operation
of said DC load; a first voltage sensor detecting a first DC
voltage output from said DC power supply; and a second voltage
sensor detecting a second DC voltage on an input of said voltage
converter when a DC current is supplied from said DC power supply
to said voltage converter, wherein said control unit executes said
second control when the first voltage detected by said first
voltage sensor differs from the second voltage detected by said
second voltage sensor.
18. The load driver according to claim 17, wherein said control
unit executes control for supplying the DC voltage based on
electric power generated by said power-generating unit to said DC
load.
19. The load driver according to claim 18, wherein said control
unit controls said voltage converter for directly supplying to said
DC load a DC voltage based on the electric power generated by said
power-generating unit and having a voltage level lower than a
predetermined value.
20. The load driver according to claim 19, wherein said voltage
converter includes first and second switching elements connected in
series between terminals receiving said DC voltage, switching of at
least one of said switching elements being controlled in
voltage-up-converting operation and voltage-down-converting
operation and a reactor having one end connected to a point of
connection between said first switching element and said second
switching element, said reactor and said second switching element
are connected in series between terminals of said DC power supply,
and said control unit keeps said first switching element
continuously in a conducting state and keeps said second switching
element continuously in a disconnected state.
21. The load driver according to claim 18, further comprising: a
supply unit directly supplying to said DC load .[.a.]. .Iadd.the
.Iaddend.DC voltage based on the electric power generated by said
power-generating unit and having a voltage level lower than a
predetermined value; and a switching unit switching supply of said
DC voltage between said voltage converter and said supply unit,
wherein said control unit controls said switching unit to supply
said DC voltage to said supply unit.
22. A control method for safely driving a DC load connected to a DC
power supply, comprising: a first step of detecting a malfunction
in an electrical system between said DC power supply and a voltage
converter converting voltage; .[.and.]. .[."a.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.second step of executing both of a first control and a
second control, and one of the first control only and the second
control only .[.. . . ".]. .Iadd.when said malfunction is detected,
said first control being executed to protect an electrical system
.Iaddend.of said DC load connected .[.to said.]. .Iadd.in parallel
with said .Iaddend.voltage converter and .Iadd.with .Iaddend.said
DC power supply and said second control being executed to continue
operation of said DC load.
23. The control method according to claim 22, wherein said first
control is executed in said second step.
24. The control method according to claim 23, wherein said first
step includes a first sub step of detecting a voltage applied to
said DC load and a second sub step of detecting whether or not said
detected voltage is equal to or more than a predetermined value,
and in said second step, operation of said voltage converter is
stopped when said detected voltage is equal to or more than said
predetermined value.
25. A control method for safely driving a DC load connected to a DC
power supply, comprising: a first step of detecting a malfunction
in an electrical system between said DC power supply and a voltage
converter converting voltage; and a second step of executing at
least one of first control and second control when said malfunction
is detected, said first control being executed to protect an
electrical system of said DC load connected to said voltage
converter and said DC power supply and said second control being
executed to continue operation of said DC load, wherein said first
control is executed in said second step, and wherein said first
step includes a first sub step of detecting a DC voltage on an
input of said voltage converter when a DC current is supplied from
said DC power supply to said voltage converter and a second sub
step of detecting whether or not said detected voltage is equal to
or more than a predetermined value, and in said second step,
operation of said voltage converter is stopped when said detected
voltage is equal to or more than said predetermined value.
26. A control method for safely driving a DC load connected to a DC
power supply, comprising: a first step of detecting a malfunction
in an electrical system between said DC power supply and a voltage
converter converting voltage; and a second step of executing at
least one of first control and second control when said malfunction
is detected, said first control being executed to protect an
electrical system of said DC load connected to said voltage
converter and said DC power supply and said second control being
executed to continue operation of said DC load, wherein said first
control is executed in said second step, and wherein said first
step includes a first sub step of detecting a first voltage output
from said DC power supply, a second sub step of detecting a second
DC voltage on an input of said voltage converter when a DC current
is supplied from said DC power supply to said voltage converter and
a third sub step of detecting whether or not said first voltage
detected in said first sub step matches said second voltage
detected in said second sub step, and in said second step,
operation of said voltage converter is stopped when said first
voltage does not match said second voltage.
27. The control method according to claim 26, wherein said voltage
converter is connected to a plurality of inverters provided
correspondingly to a plurality of power-generating units, and said
control method further comprises: a third step of controlling said
plurality of inverters to maintain a balance between supply and
consumption of electric energy with respect to said plurality of
power-generating units; and a fourth step of controlling the
electrical system of said DC load to drive said DC load by electric
power supplied from said DC power supply.
28. A control method for safely driving a DC load connected to a DC
power supply, comprising: a first step of detecting a malfunction
in an electrical system between said DC power supply and a voltage
converter converting voltage; and a second step of executing at
least one of first control and second control when said malfunction
is detected, said first control being executed to protect an
electrical system of said DC load connected to said voltage
converter and said DC power supply and said second control being
executed to continue operation of said DC load, wherein said first
step includes a first sub step of detecting a first voltage output
from said DC power supply, a second sub step of detecting a second
DC voltage on an input of said voltage converter when a DC current
is supplied from said DC power supply to said voltage converter and
a third sub step of detecting whether or not said first voltage
detected in said first sub step matches said second voltage
detected in said second sub step, and in said second step, said
second control is executed when said first voltage does not match
said second voltage.
29. The control method according to claim 28, wherein in said
second step, control is executed to supply, to said DC load, DC
power based on electric power generated by a power-generating
unit.
30. The control method according to claim 29, wherein in said
second step, said voltage converter is controlled to directly
supply, to said DC load, a DC voltage based on the electric power
generated by said power-generating unit and having a voltage level
lower than a predetermined value.
31. The control method according to claim 30, wherein said voltage
converter includes first and second switching elements connected in
series between terminals receiving said DC voltage, switching of at
least one of said switching elements being controlled in
voltage-up-converting operation and voltage-down-converting
operation and a reactor having one end connected to a point of
connection between said first switching element and said second
switching element, said reactor and said second switching element
are connected in series between terminals of said DC power supply,
and said second step of said control method includes a fourth sub
step of keeping said first switching element continuously in a
conducting state and a fifth sub step of keeping said second
switching element continuously in a disconnected state.
32. The control method according to claim 29, wherein said DC load
is connected to a supply unit and said voltage converter, said
supply unit supplying, toward said DC power supply, a DC voltage
based on the electric power generated by said power-generating
unit, said supply unit and said voltage converter are connected to
a switching unit switching supply of said DC voltage between said
supply unit and said voltage converter, and in said second step of
said control method, said switching unit is controlled to supply,
to said supply unit, .[.a.]. .Iadd.the .Iaddend.DC voltage based on
the electric power generated by said power-generating unit and
having a voltage level lower than a predetermined value.
33. A computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded
thereon to allow a computer to execute control for safely driving a
DC load connected to a DC power supply, said computer executing: a
first step of detecting a malfunction in an electrical system
between said DC power supply and a voltage converter converting
voltage; and .[."a.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.second step of executing
both of a first control and a second control, and one of the first
control only and the second control only .[.. . . ".]. .Iadd.when a
malfunction is detected, said first control being executed to
protect an electrical system .Iaddend.of said DC load connected
.[.to.]. .Iadd.in parallel with .Iaddend.said voltage converter and
.Iadd.with .Iaddend.said DC power supply and said second control
being executed to continue operation of said DC load.
34. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim 33,
wherein said first control is executed in said second step.
35. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim 34,
wherein said first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
voltage applied to said DC load and a second sub step of detecting
whether or not said detected voltage is equal to or more than a
predetermined value, and in said second step, operation of said
voltage converter is stopped when said detected voltage is equal to
or more than said predetermined value.
36. A computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded
thereon to allow a computer to execute control for safely driving a
DC load connected to a DC power supply, said computer executing: a
first step of detecting a malfunction in an electrical system
between said DC power supply and a voltage converter converting
voltage; and a second step of executing at least one of first
control and second control when said malfunction is detected, said
first control being executed to protect an electrical system of
said DC load connected to said voltage converter and said DC power
supply and said second control being executed to continue operation
of said DC load, wherein said first control is executed in said
second step, wherein said first step includes a first sub step of
detecting a DC voltage on an input of said voltage converter when a
DC current is supplied from said DC power supply to said voltage
converter and a second sub step of detecting whether or not said
detected voltage is equal to or more than a predetermined value,
and in said second step, operation of said voltage converter is
stopped when said detected voltage is equal to or more than said
predetermined value.
37. A computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded
thereon to allow a computer to execute control for safely driving a
DC load connected to a DC power supply, said computer executing: a
first step of detecting a malfunction in an electrical system
between said DC power supply and a voltage converter converting
voltage; and a second step of executing at least one of first
control and second control when said malfunction is detected, said
first control being executed to protect an electrical system of
said DC load connected to said voltage converter and said DC power
supply and said second control being executed to continue operation
of said DC load, wherein said first control is executed in said
second step, wherein said first step includes a first sub step of
detecting a first voltage output from said DC power supply, a
second sub step of detecting a second DC voltage on an input of
said voltage converter when a DC current is supplied from said DC
power supply to said voltage converter and a third sub step of
detecting whether or not said first voltage detected in said first
sub step matches said second voltage detected in said second sub
step, and in said second step, operation of said voltage converter
is stopped when said first voltage does not match said second
voltage.
38. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim 37,
wherein said voltage converter is connected to a plurality of
inverters provided correspondingly to a plurality of
power-generating units, and said program allows said computer to
further execute: a third step of controlling said plurality of
inverters to maintain a balance between supply and consumption of
electric energy with respect to said plurality of power-generating
units; and a fourth step of controlling the electrical system of
said DC load to drive said DC load by electric power supplied from
said DC power supply.
39. A computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded
thereon to allow a computer to execute control for safely driving a
DC load connected to a DC power supply, said computer executing: a
first step of detecting a malfunction in an electrical system
between said DC power supply and a voltage converter converting
voltage; and a second step of executing at least one of first
control and second control when said malfunction is detected, said
first control being executed to protect an electrical system of
said DC load connected to said voltage converter and said DC power
supply and said second control being executed to continue operation
of said DC load, wherein said first step includes a first sub step
of detecting a first voltage output from said DC power supply, a
second sub step of detecting a second DC voltage on an input of
said voltage converter when a DC current is supplied from said DC
power supply to said voltage converter and a third sub step of
detecting whether or not said first voltage detected in said first
sub step matches said second voltage detected in said second sub
step, and in said second step, said second control is executed when
said first voltage does not match said second voltage.
40. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim 39,
wherein in said second step, control is executed to supply, to said
DC load, DC power based on electric power generated by a
power-generating unit.
41. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim 40,
wherein in said second step, said voltage converter is controlled
to directly supply, to said DC load, a DC voltage based on the
electric power generated by said power-generating unit and having a
voltage level lower than a predetermined value.
42. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim 41,
wherein said voltage converter includes first and second switching
elements connected in series between terminals receiving said DC
voltage, switching of at least one of said switching elements being
controlled in voltage-up-converting operation and
voltage-down-converting operation and a reactor having one end
connected to a point of connection between said first switching
element and said second switching element, said reactor and said
second switching element are connected in series between terminals
of said DC power supply, and said second step of said program
includes a fourth sub step of keeping said first switching element
continuously in a conducting state and a fifth sub step of keeping
said second switching element continuously in a disconnected
state.
43. The computer-readable medium according to claim 40, wherein
said DC load is connected to a supply unit and said voltage
converter, said supply unit supplying, toward said DC power supply,
a DC voltage based on the electric power generated by said
power-generating unit, said supply unit and said voltage converter
are connected to a switching unit switching supply of said DC
voltage between said supply unit and said voltage converter, and in
said second step of said program, said switching unit is controlled
to supply, to said supply unit, .[.a.]. .Iadd.the .Iaddend.DC
voltage based on the electric power generated by said
power-generating unit and having a voltage level lower than a
predetermined value.
.Iadd.44. The load driver according to claim 4, wherein the
predetermined value is determined according to a formula:
predetermined value=V0+.alpha., where V0 is the DC voltage output
from the DC power supply, and .alpha. is a value determined so that
the sum of V0 and .alpha. is a voltage which is impossible to be
output from the DC power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.45. The load driver according to claim 8, wherein the
predetermined value is a voltage which is never output from the DC
power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.46. The load driver according to claim 11, wherein the
predetermined value is determined according to a formula:
predetermined value=V0+.alpha., where V0 is the DC voltage output
from the DC power supply, and .alpha. is a value determined so that
the sum of V0 and .alpha. is a voltage which is impossible to be
output from the DC power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.47. The load driver according to claim 21, wherein the
predetermined value is a voltage which is never output from the DC
power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.48. The control method according to claim 24, wherein the
predetermined value is a voltage which is never output from the DC
power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.49. The control method according to claim 25, wherein the
predetermined value is determined according to a formula:
predetermined value=V0+.alpha., where V0 is the DC voltage output
from the DC power supply, and .alpha. is a value determined so that
the sum of V0 and .alpha. is a voltage which is impossible to be
output from the DC power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.50. The control method according to claim 30, wherein the
predetermined value is a voltage which is never output from the DC
power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.51. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim
35, wherein the predetermined value is a voltage which is never
output from the DC power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.52. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim
36, wherein the predetermined value is determined according to a
formula: predetermined value=V0+.alpha., where V0 is the DC voltage
output from the DC power supply, and .alpha. is a value determined
so that the sum of V0 and .alpha. is a voltage which is impossible
to be output from the DC power supply..Iaddend.
.Iadd.53. The computer-readable recording medium according to claim
43, wherein the predetermined value is a voltage which is never
output from the DC power supply..Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a load driver for driving a DC
load connected to a DC power supply. The present invention further
relates to a control method for driving the DC load connected to
the DC power supply. Moreover, the present invention relates to a
computer-readable recording medium on which a program is recorded
that allows a computer to execute the control for driving the DC
load.
2. Description of the Background Art
Hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are now attracting
considerable attention as they help the environment. Some hybrid
vehicles are now commercially available.
The hybrid vehicle includes, as its power source, a DC power
supply, an inverter and a motor driven by the inverter in addition
to a conventional engine. Specifically, the engine is driven to
generate power while a DC voltage from the DC power supply is
converted into AC voltage by the inverter to rotate the motor by
the AC voltage and accordingly generate power. The power source of
the electric vehicle is a DC power supply, an inverter and a motor
driven by the inverter.
Such a hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle is designed for example
to include a motor driver as shown in FIG. 16. Referring to FIG.
16, motor driver 600 includes a DC power supply B, system relays
SR1 and SR2, a capacitor C, a bidirectional voltage converter 410,
and an inverter 420. Bidirectional voltage converter 410 includes a
reactor L, NPN transistors Q10 and Q11, and diodes D10 and D11.
Reactor L has one end connected to a power supply line of DC power
supply B and the other end connected to an intermediate point
between NPN transistors Q10 and Q11, i.e., between the emitter of
NPN transistor Q10 and the collector of NPN transistor Q11. NPN
transistors Q10 and Q11 are connected in series between a power
supply line and a ground line. NPN transistor Q10 has its collector
connected to the power supply line of inverter 420 while NPN
transistor Q11 has its emitter connected to the ground line.
Between the emitter and collector of NPN transistors Q10 and Q11
each, corresponding one of diodes D10 and D11 is provided to flow
current from the emitter to the collector.
DC power supply B supplies a DC voltage to capacitor C when system
relays SR1 and SR2 are made on. Capacitor C smoothes the DC voltage
from DC power supply B to supply the smoothed DC voltage to
bidirectional voltage converter 410. Bidirectional voltage
converter 410 is controlled by a control unit (not shown) to boost
the DC voltage from capacitor C in response to a period during
which NPN transistor Q11 is kept on. Converter 410 then supplies
the boosted DC voltage to inverter 420. Bidirectional voltage
converter 410 is also controlled by the control unit to
down-convert a DC voltage converted by inverter 420 to charge DC
power supply B in regenerative power generation by a motor M.
Inverter 420 receives the DC voltage from bidirectional voltage
converter 410 via a smoothing capacitor (not shown) and converts
the DC voltage into an AC voltage under control by a control unit
(not shown) to drive motor M. Further, in regenerative power
generation mode by motor M, inverter 420 receives an AC voltage
from motor M and converts the AC voltage into a DC voltage under
control by the control unit to supply the DC voltage to
bidirectional voltage converter 410. Motor M is driven by inverter
420 to generate predetermined torque. In addition, motor M serves
as a regenerative generator to supply the generated AC voltage to
inverter 420.
DC/DC converter 430 is located between bidirectional voltage
converter 410 and DC power supply B to be connected to DC power
supply B and receives the DC voltage from DC power supply B. DC/DC
converter 430 is used for auxiliary equipment of the vehicle and
down-converts the DC voltage from DC power supply B and supplies
the down-converted DC voltage to an inverter (not shown) driving an
air conditioner (not shown) provided in the hybrid or electric
vehicle.
In motor driver 600, DC power supply B supplies the DC voltage to
capacitor C when system relays SR1 and SR2 are made on, and then
capacitor C smoothes the DC voltage to supply the smoothed voltage
to bidirectional voltage converter 410 and DC/DC converter 430.
Bidirectional voltage converter 410 boosts the DC voltage in
response to a period during which NPN transistor Q11 is kept on and
supplies the boosted DC voltage to inverter 420 via the smoothing
capacitor (not shown). Inverter 420 converts the DC voltage into
the AC voltage to drive motor M. Motor M generates predetermined
torque. On the other hand, DC/DC converter 430 down-converts the DC
voltage from capacitor C to supply the down-converted voltage to
the inverter which drives the air conditioner.
In regenerative braking of the hybrid or electric vehicle, motor M
generates the AC voltage to be supplied to inverter 420. Inverter
420 converts the AC voltage from motor M into the DC voltage to be
supplied to bidirectional voltage converter 410. Bidirectional
voltage converter 410 down-converts the DC voltage from inverter
420 to charge DC power supply B. In this way, motor driver 600
boosts the DC voltage from DC power supply B to drive motor M, and
motor driver 600 also charges DC power supply B with the voltage
generated by motor M in regenerative braking.
Alternatively, a hybrid or electric vehicle is designed to include
a motor driver as shown in FIG. 17. Referring to FIG. 17, motor
driver 700 has the same configuration as that of motor driver 600
except that a DC/DC converter 440 of motor driver 700 is connected
to the output of bidirectional voltage converter 410.
DC/DC converter 440 receives a voltage which is boosted by
bidirectional voltage converter 410 and down-converts the boosted
voltage to charge an auxiliary buttery 450 (with output voltage of
12 V for example) which supplies electric power to such a control
circuit as an ECU (Electrical Control Unit). Regarding the
configuration as shown in FIG. 17, even if any abnormal event of DC
power supply B, fuse blowing or any abnormal event of system relays
SR1 and SR2 for example occurs, DC/DC converter 440 is supplied
with a DC voltage generated by motor M1 and converted by inverter
420. In other words, even if any abnormal event occurs in the
circuitry between bidirectional voltage converter 410 and DC power
supply B, auxiliary battery 450 for driving such a control circuit
as ECU never becomes empty and thus the vehicle is prevented from
being unable to move.
As for the conventional motor driver 600 in regenerative power
generation, if DC power supply B is separated due to malfunction of
system relays SR1 and SR2 or break, a voltage Vb appearing on the
DC power supply B side of bidirectional voltage converter 410
increases resulting in a problem that an overvoltage is applied to
DC/DC converter 430 which is a DC load.
In order to protect DC load system from the overvoltage, the
withstand voltage of the DC load system should be enhanced which
requires components with a high withstand voltage. Then, the
overall cost cannot be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to
prevent the overvoltage from being applied to the DC load system in
regenerative power generation if the DC power supply B is separated
due to any reason.
As for the conventional motor driver 700, DC/DC converter 440 is
connected to the output of bidirectional voltage converter 410.
Then, a high withstand voltage is required and accordingly, the
requirements of the specification of components are considerably
severe. A resultant problem is that the configuration of the
circuitry becomes complicated which leads to difficulty in
reduction of the cost and size.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is thus to provide a load
driver that safely drives a DC load connected to a DC power
supply.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a control
method for safely driving a DC load connected to a DC power
supply.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a
computer-readable recording medium on which a program is recorded
for allowing a computer to execute control for safely driving a DC
load connected to a DC power supply.
According to the present invention, a load driver includes a DC
power supply, a voltage converter, a DC load, and a control
unit.
The DC power supply outputs a DC voltage. The voltage converter is
connected to the DC power supply to provide, toward the DC power
supply, a DC voltage based on electric power generated by a
power-generating unit. The DC load is connected in parallel with
the voltage converter to the DC power supply. The control unit
executes at least one of first control and second control when a
malfunction is detected in an electrical system between the DC
power supply and the voltage converter, the first control being
executed to protect an electrical system of the DC load and the
second control being executed to continue operation of the DC
load.
Preferably, the control unit executes the first control to protect
the electrical system of the DC load when the malfunction is
detected in the electrical system between the DC power supply and
the voltage converter.
Preferably, when the malfunction is detected in the electrical
system between the DC power supply and the voltage converter, the
control unit controls the voltage converter to apply a voltage
smaller than a predetermined value to the electrical system of the
DC load.
Preferably, the load driver further includes a voltage sensor
detecting a voltage applied to the DC load. The control unit stops
operation of the voltage converter when the voltage detected by the
voltage sensor reaches at least the predetermined value.
Preferably, the load driver further includes a voltage sensor. The
voltage sensor detects a DC voltage on an input of the voltage
converter when a DC current is supplied from the DC power supply to
the voltage converter. The control unit stops operation of the
voltage converter when the DC voltage detected by the voltage
sensor reaches at least the predetermined value.
Preferably, the power-generating unit is formed of at least one
generator.
Preferably, each of at least one generators is an AC generator, and
the load driver further includes at least one inverters provided
correspondingly to that at least one generators and each converting
an AC voltage supplied from the corresponding AC generator into a
DC voltage. The control unit controls each of at least one
inverters in a normal operation to convert the AC voltage into the
DC voltage and supply the DC voltage converted from the AC voltage
to the voltage converter.
Preferably, the load driver further includes a first voltage sensor
and a second voltage sensor. The first voltage sensor detects a
first DC voltage output from the DC power supply. The second
voltage sensor detects a second DC voltage on an input of the
voltage converter when a DC current is supplied from the DC power
supply to the voltage converter. The control unit stops operation
of the voltage converter when the first voltage detected by the
first voltage sensor differs from the second voltage detected by
the second voltage sensor.
Preferably, the power-generating unit is formed of at least one
generator.
Preferably, the generator is an AC generator, and the load driver
further includes an inverter converting an AC voltage supplied from
the AC generator into a DC voltage. The control unit controls the
inverter in a normal operation to convert the AC voltage into the
DC voltage and supply the DC voltage converted from the AC voltage
to the voltage converter.
Preferably, the power-generating unit is formed of a plurality of
generators.
Preferably, the control unit further controls a plurality of
drivers corresponding respectively to those generators to keep a
balance between supply and consumption of electric energy with
respect to those generators, and controls the electrical system of
the DC load to drive the DC load by electric power supplied from
the DC power supply.
Preferably, those generators are each an AC generator. The load
driver further includes a plurality of inverters provided
correspondingly to those generators and each converting an AC
voltage supplied from a corresponding AC generator into a DC
voltage. The control unit controls each of the inverters in a
normal operation to convert the AC voltage into the DC voltage and
supply the DC voltage converted from the AC voltage to the voltage
converter.
Preferably, the generator is a drive motor generating drive power
for a vehicle.
Preferably, the load driver further includes first and second
voltage sensors. The first voltage sensor detects a first DC
voltage output from the DC power supply and the second voltage
sensor detects a second DC voltage on an input of the voltage
converter when a DC current is supplied from the DC power supply to
the voltage converter. The control unit executes the second control
when the first voltage detected by the first voltage sensor differs
from the second voltage detected by the second voltage sensor.
Preferably, the control unit executes control for supplying a DC
voltage based on electric power generated by the power-generating
unit to the DC load.
Preferably, the control unit controls the voltage converter for
directly supplying to the DC load a DC voltage based on the
electric power generated by the power-generating unit and having a
voltage level lower than a predetermined value.
Preferably, the voltage converter includes first and second
switching elements and a reactor. The first and second switching
elements are connected in series between terminals receiving the DC
voltage, switching of at least one of the switching elements being
controlled in voltage-up-converting operation and
voltage-down-converting operation. The reactor has one end
connected to a point of connection between the first switching
element and the second switching element. The reactor and the
second switching element are connected in series between terminals
of the DC power supply. The control unit keeps the first switching
element continuously in a conducting state and keeps the second
switching element continuously in a disconnected state.
Preferably, the load driver further includes a supply unit and a
switching unit. The supply unit directly supplies to the DC load a
DC voltage based on the electric power generated by the
power-generating unit and having a voltage level lower than a
predetermined value. The switching unit switches supply of the DC
voltage between the voltage converter and the supply unit. The
control unit controls the switching unit to supply the DC voltage
to the supply unit.
According to the present invention, a control method for safely
driving a DC load connected to a DC power supply includes a first
step of detecting a malfunction in an electrical system between the
DC power supply and a voltage converter converting voltage, and a
second step of executing at least one of first control and second
control when the malfunction is detected, the first control being
executed to protect an electrical system of the DC load connected
in parallel with the voltage converter to the DC power supply and
the second control being executed to continue operation of the DC
load.
Preferably, the first control is executed in the second step to
protect the electrical system of the DC load connected in parallel
with the voltage converter to the DC power supply.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
voltage applied to the DC load and a second sub step of detecting
whether or not the detected voltage is equal to or more than a
predetermined value. In the second step, operation of the voltage
converter is stopped when the detected voltage is equal to or more
than the predetermined value.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
DC voltage on an input of the voltage converter when a DC current
is supplied from the DC power supply to the voltage converter and a
second sub step of detecting whether or not the detected voltage is
equal to more than a predetermined value. In the second step,
operation of the voltage converter is stopped when the detected
voltage is equal to or more than the predetermined value.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
first voltage output from the DC power supply, a second sub step of
detecting a second DC voltage on an input of the voltage converter
when a DC current is supplied from the DC power supply to the
voltage converter, and third sub step of detecting whether or not
the first voltage detected in the first sub step matches the second
voltage detected in the second sub step. In the second step,
operation of the voltage converter is stopped when the first
voltage does not match the second voltage.
Preferably, the voltage converter is connected to a plurality of
inverters provided correspondingly to a plurality of
power-generating units. The control method further includes a third
step of controlling those inverters to maintain a balance between
supply and consumption of electric energy with respect to those
power-generating units, and a fourth step of controlling the
electrical system of the DC load to drive the DC load by electric
power supplied from the DC power supply.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
first voltage output from the DC power supply, a second sub step of
detecting a second DC voltage on an input of the voltage converter
when a DC current is supplied from the DC power supply to the
voltage converter and a third sub step of detecting whether or not
the first voltage detected in the first sub step matches the second
voltage detected in the second sub step. In the second step, the
second control is executed when the first voltage does not match
the second voltage.
Preferably, in the second step, control is executed to supply, to
the DC load, DC power based on electric power generated by a
power-generating unit.
Preferably, in the second step, the voltage converter is controlled
to directly supply, to the DC load, a DC voltage based on the
electric power generated by the power-generating unit and having a
voltage level lower than a predetermined value.
Preferably, the voltage converter includes first and second
switching elements and a reactor. The first and second switching
elements are connected in series between terminals receiving the DC
voltage, switching of at least one of the switching elements being
controlled in voltage-up-converting operation and
voltage-down-converting operation. The reactor has one end
connected to a point of connection between the first switching
element and the second switching element. The reactor and the
second switching element are connected in series between terminals
of the DC power supply.
Here, the second step of the control method includes a fourth sub
step of keeping the first switching element continuously in a
conducting state and a fifth sub step of keeping the second
switching element continuously in a disconnected state.
Preferably, the DC load is connected to a supply unit and the
voltage converter, the supply unit supplying, toward the DC power
supply, a DC voltage based on the electric power generated by the
power-generating unit. The supply unit and the voltage converter
are connected to a switching unit switching supply of the DC
voltage between the supply unit and the voltage converter. In the
second step of the control method, the switching unit is controlled
to supply, to the supply unit, a DC voltage based on the electric
power generated by the power-generating unit and having a voltage
level lower than a predetermined value.
According to the present invention, a computer-readable recording
medium has a program recorded thereon to allow a computer to
execute control for safely driving a DC load connected to a DC
power supply. The computer executes a first step of detecting a
malfunction in an electrical system between the DC power supply and
a voltage converter converting voltage, and a second step of
executing at least one of first control and second control when the
malfunction is detected, the first control being executed to
protect an electrical system of the DC load connected in parallel
with the voltage converter to the DC power supply and the second
control being executed to continue operation of the DC load.
Preferably, the first control is executed in the second step to
protect the electrical system of the DC load connected in parallel
with the voltage converter to the DC power supply.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
voltage applied to the DC load and a second sub step of detecting
whether or not the detected voltage is euqal to or more than a
predetermined value. In the second step, operation of the voltage
converter is stopped when the detected voltage is equal to or more
than the predetermined value.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
DC voltage on an input of the voltage converter when a DC current
is supplied from the DC power supply to the voltage converter and a
second subs step of detecting whether or not the detected voltage
is equal to or more than a predetermined value. In the second step,
operation of the voltage converter is stopped when the detected
voltage is equal to or more than the predetermined value.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
first voltage output from the DC power supply, a second sub step of
detecting a second DC voltage on an input of the voltage converter
when a DC current is supplied from the DC power supply to the
voltage converter, and a third sub step of detecting whether or not
the first voltage detected in the first sub step matches the second
voltage detected in the second sub step. In the second step,
operation of the voltage converter is stopped when the first
voltage does not match the second voltage.
Preferably, the voltage converter is connected to a plurality of
inverters provided correspondingly to a plurality of
power-generating units. The program allows the computer to further
execute a third step of controlling those inverters to maintain a
balance between supply and consumption of electric energy with
respect to those power-generating units, and a fourth step of
controlling the electrical system of the DC load to drive the DC
load by electric power supplied from the DC power supply.
Preferably, the first step includes a first sub step of detecting a
first voltage output from the DC power supply, a second sub step of
detecting a second DC voltage on an input of the voltage converter
when a DC current is supplied from the DC power supply to the
voltage converter, and a third sub step of detecting whether or not
the first voltage detected in the first sub step matches the second
voltage detected in the second sub step. In the second step, the
second control is executed when the first voltage does not match
the second voltage.
Preferably, in the second step, control is executed to supply, to
the DC load, DC power based on electric power generated by a
power-generating unit.
Preferably, in the second step, the voltage converter is controlled
to directly supply, to the DC load, a DC voltage based on the
electric power generated by the power-generating unit and having a
voltage level lower than a predetermined value.
Preferably, the voltage converter includes first and second
switching elements and a reactor. The first and second switching
elements are connected in series between terminals receiving the DC
voltage, switching of at least one of the switching elements being
controlled in voltage-up-converting operation and
voltage-down-converting operation. The reactor has one end
connected to a point of connection between the first switching
element and the second switching element. The reactor and the
second switching element are connected in series between terminals
of the DC power supply.
Here, the second step of the program includes a fourth sub step of
keeping the first switching element continuously in a conducting
state and a fifth sub step of keeping the second switching element
continuously in a disconnected state.
Preferably, the DC load is connected to a supply unit and the
voltage converter, the supply unit supplying, toward the DC power
supply, a DC voltage based on the electric power generated by the
power-generating unit. The supply unit and the voltage converter
are connected to a switching unit switching supply of the DC
voltage between the supply unit and the voltage converter.
Here, in the second step of the program, the switching unit is
controlled to supply, to the supply unit, a DC voltage based on the
electric power generated by the power-generating unit and having a
voltage level lower than a predetermined value.
In this way, according to the present invention, the DC load
connected between the DC power supply and the voltage converter is
safely driven.
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages
of the present invention will become more apparent from the
following detailed description of the present invention when taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a motor driver
according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a control unit shown in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating the function of
motor torque control means shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the motor driver
shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating another operation of the motor
driver shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating still another operation of the
motor driver shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram schematically showing a motor driver
according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of a control unit shown in
FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the motor driver
shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram schematically showing a motor driver
according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the motor
driver shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating another operation of the motor
driver shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram schematically showing a motor driver
according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the motor
driver shown in FIG. 13.
FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating another operation of the motor
driver shown in FIG. 13.
FIG. 16 is a block diagram schematically showing a conventional
motor driver.
FIG. 17 is a block digram schematically showing another
conventional motor driver.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments of the present invention are hereinafter described in
detail in conjunction with the drawings. It is noted that the same
or corresponding components in the drawings are denoted by the same
reference character and description thereof is not repeated
here.
First Embodiment
Referring to FIG. 1, a motor driver 100 having a load driver
according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a
DC power supply B, voltage sensors 10, 11, 13 and 18, system relays
SR1 and SR2, capacitors C1 and C2, an up-converter 12, an inverter
14, a current sensor 24, and a control unit 30. Motor driver 100
drives one motor M1. Motor M1 is a drive motor generating torque
for driving drive wheels of a hybrid or electric vehicle. This
motor serves as a power generator driven by an engine as well as an
electric motor for the engine. Alternatively, the motor may be
capable of starting the engine and incorporated as such into a
hybrid vehicle.
Up-converter 12 includes a reactor L1, NPN transistors Q1 and Q2
and diodes D1 and D2. Reactor L1 has one end connected to a power
supply line of DC power supply B and the other end connected to the
intermediate point between NPN transistors Q1 and Q2, i.e., between
the emitter of NPN transistor Q1 and the collector of NPN
transistor Q2.
NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 are connected in series between a power
supply line of inverter 14 and a ground line. The collector of NPN
transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply line and the emitter
of NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the ground line. Between the
collector and emitter of NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 each,
corresponding one of diodes D1 and D2 is connected for flowing
current from the emitter to the collector.
Inverter 14 is constituted of U-phase arm 15, a V-phase arm 16 and
a W-phase arm 17. U-phase arm 15, V-phase arm 16 and W-phase arm 17
are connected in parallel between the power supply line and the
ground.
U-phase arm 15 is constituted of series-connected NPN transistors
Q3 and Q4, V-phase arm 16 is constituted of series-connected NPN
transistors Q5 and Q6, and W-phase arm 17 is constituted of
series-connected NPN transistors Q7 and Q8. Diodes D3 to D8 are
each connected between the collector and emitter of a corresponding
one of NPN transistors Q3-Q8 for allowing current to flow from the
emitter to the collector.
The U, V and W-phase arms have respective intermediate points
connected to respective ends of phase coils of motor M1. Motor M1
is a three-phase permanent-magnet motor with respective three coils
of U, V and W phases each having one end connected commonly to the
center. The other end of the U-phase coil is connected to the
intermediate point between NPN transistors Q3 and Q4, the other end
of the V-phase coil is connected to the intermediate point between
NPN transistors Q5 and Q6, and the other end of the W-phase coil is
connected to the intermediate point between NPN transistors Q7 and
Q8.
DC power supply B is formed of a nickel-hydrogen or lithium-ion
secondary battery. DC power supply B outputs a DC voltage of
200-300 V for example. Voltage sensor 10 detects a voltage V1 from
DC power supply B to output the detected voltage V1 to control unit
30. System relays SR1 and SR2 are made on by a signal SE from
control unit 30.
Capacitor C1 smoothes a DC voltage supplied from DC power supply B
to provide the smoothed DC voltage to up-converter 12 and a DC/DC
converter 19. Voltage sensor 11 detects a voltage V2 on the input
side of up-converter 12 to output the detected voltage V2 to
control unit 30.
Up-converter 12 boosts the DC voltage from capacitor C1 to supply
the boosted voltage to capacitor C2. More specifically,
up-converter 12 receives a signal PWU from control unit 30 to boost
and supply the DC voltage to capacitor C2 in response to a period
in which NPN transistor Q2 is made on by signal PWU. In this case,
NPN transistor Q1 is turned off by signal PWU. Further,
up-converter 12 receives a signal PWD from control unit 30 to
down-convert a DC voltage supplied from inverter 14 via capacitor
C2 and accordingly charge DC power supply B. In addition,
up-converter 12 receives a signal STP from control unit 30 to stop
operating.
Capacitor C2 smoothes the DC voltage from up-converter 12 to supply
the smoothed DC voltage to inverter 14. Voltage sensor 13 detects
the voltage on both ends of capacitor C2, i.e., voltage IVV to be
supplied to inverter 14 and outputs the detected input voltage IVV
to control unit 30.
Inverter 14 receives the DC voltage from capacitor C2 to convert,
according to a signal PWM1 from control unit 30, the DC voltage
into an AC voltage and accordingly drive motor M1. Then, motor M1
is driven to generate torque designated by a torque control value
TR. In regenerative braking of a hybrid or electric vehicle
including motor driver 100, inverter 14 converts an AC voltage
generated by motor M1 into a DC voltage according to a signal PWMC
from control unit 30 and supplies the converted voltage to
up-converter 12 via capacitor C2.
Here, "regenerative braking" includes braking which is caused when
a driver (operator) of a hybrid or electric vehicle manages the
foot brake and which is accompanied by regenerative power
generation as well as deceleration (or stopping of acceleration) of
the vehicle by releasing the accelerator (pedal) in driving without
managing the foot brake, which is also accompanied by regenerative
power generation.
Voltage sensor 18 detects a voltage Vf applied from DC power supply
B to DC/DC converter 19 to output the detected voltage Vf to
control unit 30.
Current sensor 24 detects a motor current MCRT flowing to motor M1
to output the detected motor current MCRT to control unit 30.
Control unit 30 generates, based on torque control value TR and
motor rotation number MRN supplied from an externally placed ECU
(electrical control unit), voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10, input
voltage IVV from voltage sensor 13 and motor current MCRT from
current sensor 24, signal PWU for driving up-converter 12 and
signal PWM1 for driving inverter 14 following a method as described
hereinbelow, and provides the signals PWU and PWM1 to up-converter
12 and inverter 14 respectively.
Control unit 30 receives from the external ECU a signal indicating
that the hybrid or electric vehicle enters a regenerative braking
mode to generate signal PWMC for converting an AC voltage generated
by motor M1 into a DC voltage and output the signal to inverter 14.
In this case, switching of NPN transistors Q4, Q6 and Q8 of
inverter 14 is controlled by signal PWMC. Specifically, NPN
transistors Q6 and Q8 are turned on when electric power is
generated by the U phase of motor M1, NPN transistors Q4 and Q8 are
turned on when the electric power is generated by the V phase
thereof, and NPN transistors Q4 and Q6 are turned on when the
electric power is generated by the W phase thereof. In this way,
inverter 14 converts the AC voltage generated by motor M1 into the
DC voltage to supply the DC voltage to up-converter 12.
Moreover, control unit 30 receives voltage V2 from voltage sensor
11 (or voltage Vf from voltage sensor 18) to determine whether or
not the received voltage V2 (or Vf) is higher than a predetermined
value. When control unit 30 determines that voltage V2 (or Vf) is
higher than the predetermined value, control unit 30 accordingly
determines that an overvoltage is applied to the input of
up-converter 12 to generate signal STP for stopping up-converter 12
and supply signal STP to up-converter 12.
In this case, control unit 30 may determine whether or not voltage
V1 from voltage sensor 10 matches voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11
and generates signal STP to output the signal STP to up-converter
12 when voltage V1 does not match voltage V2. The fact that voltage
V1 does not match voltage V2 means that DC power supply B is
separated from capacitor C1, up-converter 12 and DC/DC converter 19
due to any malfunction of system relays SR1 and SR2 or break.
It is seen from the above that the first embodiment is
characterized in that up-converter 12 is stopped when voltage V2
applied to the input to up-converter 12 (or voltage Vf applied to
DC/DC converter 19) is an overvoltage or DC power supply B is
separated due to any reason.
Moreover, control unit 30 generates signal SE for allowing system
relays SR1 and SR2 to be made on to supply signal SE to relays SR1
and SR2.
DC/DC converter 19 down-converts the DC voltage from DC power
supply B to provide the down-converted voltage to an inverter 20.
Inverter 20 converts the DC voltage from DC/DC converter 19 into an
AC voltage for driving a motor 21 used for an air conditioner.
Air-conditioner motor 21 drives the compressor of the air
conditioner.
DC/DC converter 19, inverter 20 and air-conditioner motor 21
constitute auxiliary equipment provided to the hybrid or electric
vehicle. In addition, DC/DC converter 19 constitutes a DC load
provided to the auxiliary equipment.
As for motor driver 100, capacitor C2 is driven with approximately
500 V at the maximum, and accordingly the electrical system of
capacitor C2 and inverter 14 provided on the output side of
up-converter 12 is constituted of components having an withstand
voltage in the range from 750 V to 900 V.
On the other hand, the auxiliary equipment-related circuitry
including DC/DC converter 19, inverter 20 and air-conditioner motor
21 is constituted of components having a withstand voltage of
approximately 400 V.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of control unit 30. Referring
to FIG. 2, control unit 30 includes motor-torque control means 301
and voltage-conversion control means 302. Motor-torque control
means 301 generates, based on torque control value TR, output
voltage V1 of DC power supply B, motor current MCRT, motor rotation
number MRN and inverter input voltage IVV, signal PWU for turning
on/off NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 of up-converter 12 and signal PWM1
for turning on/off NPN transistors Q3-Q8 of inverter 14, when motor
M1 is driven, following a method as described hereinbelow, and
provides the generated signals PWU and PWM1 respectively to
up-converter 12 and inverter 14.
Voltage-conversion control means 302 receives voltage V2 from
voltage sensor 11 (or voltage Vf from voltage sensor 18) to
generate signal STP for stopping up-converter 12 if voltage V2 (or
Vf) is higher than a predetermined value and provide the signal STP
to up-converter 12. Further voltage-conversion control means 302
receives voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10 to generate signal STP
if voltage V1 differs from voltage V2 and provide the signal STP to
up-converter 12. Moreover, in regenerative braking,
voltage-conversion control means 302 generates a signal PWD for
down-converting the DC voltage supplied from inverter 14 to output
the signal PWD to up-converter 12. Up-converter 12 thus serves as a
bidirectional converter since converter 12 can also down-convert or
reduce the voltage by signal PWD for down-converting the DC
voltage. In addition, voltage-conversion control means 302
generates signal PWMC for converting the AC voltage generated by
motor M1 into DC voltage to supply the signal PWMC to inverter
14.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of motor-torque control means
301. Referring to FIG. 3, motor-torque control means 301 includes a
phase voltage calculating unit 40 for controlling the motor, a PWM
signal converting unit 42 for the inverter, an
inverter-input-voltage calculating unit 50, a duty ratio
calculating unit 52 for the converter, and a PWM signal converting
unit 54 for the converter.
Phase voltage calculating unit 40 receives, from voltage sensor 13,
input voltage IVV to inverter 14, receives, from current sensor 24,
motor current MCRT flowing to each phase of motor M1, and receives
torque control value TR from the external ECU. Based on the
supplied signal, current and voltage, phase voltage calculating
unit 40 calculates a voltage to be applied to the coil of each
phase of motor M1 and supplies the calculated voltage to PWM signal
converting unit 42. Then, based on the calculated voltage supplied
from phase voltage calculating unit 40, PWM signal converting unit
42 generates signal PWM1 for actually turning on/off each of NPN
transistors Q3-Q8 of inverter 14 and supplies the generated signal
PWM1 to each of NPN transistors Q3-Q8 of inverter 14.
Switching of NPN transistors Q3-Q8 each is thus controlled and NPN
transistors Q3-Q8 accordingly control the current to be supplied to
each phase of motor M1 so that motor M1 generates any designated
torque. The motor drive current is controlled in this way to output
the motor torque according to torque control value TR.
On the other hand, inverter-input-voltage calculating unit 50
calculates an optimum value (target value) of an inverter input
voltage based on torque control value TR and motor rotation number
MRN and provides the calculated optimum value to duty ratio
calculating unit 52. Duty ratio calculating unit 52 calculates,
based on the optimum value of the inverter input voltage from
inverter-input-voltage calculating unit 50, inverter input voltage
IVV from voltage sensor 13 and voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10, a
duty ratio for setting inverter input voltage IVV from voltage
sensor 13 at the optimum value of the inverter input voltage
supplied from inverter-input-voltage calculating unit 50, and
provides the calculated duty ratio to PWM signal converting unit
54. Based on the duty ratio supplied from duty ratio calculating
unit 52, PWM signal converting unit 54 generates signal PWU for
turning on/off each of NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 of up-converter 12
and provides the generated signal PWU to NPN transistors Q1 and Q2
of up-converter 12.
A greater amount of electric power is accumulated by reactor L1 by
increasing on-duty of NPN transistor Q2 which is the lower
transistor of up-converter 12, and accordingly a higher-voltage
output is obtained. The voltage on the power supply line of
inverter 14 is decreased by increasing the on-duty of the upper
transistor, i.e., NPN transistor Q1. The duty ratio of NPN
transistors Q1 and Q2 can thus be controlled to control the voltage
on the power supply line such that the voltage on the power supply
line is an arbitrary voltage of at least the output voltage of DC
power supply B.
Motor-torque control means 301 of control unit 30 thus controls
up-converter 12 and inverter 14 for allowing motor M1 to generate
torque according to torque control value TR supplied from the
external ECU. Motor M1 accordingly generates the torque designated
by torque control value TR.
Referring to FIG. 4, motor driver 100 operates as described below.
The operation is started and voltage sensor 11 detects input
voltage V2 to up-converter 12 (step S1) to output the detected
voltage V2 to control unit 30. Voltage-conversion control means 302
of control unit 30 receives voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11 to
determine whether or not the received voltage V2 is higher than a
predetermined value (step S2).
This predetermined value is determined according to a formula:
predetermined value=V0+.alpha., where V0 represents a voltage which
is output from DC power supply B, and .alpha. is determined in such
a way that the sum of V0 and .alpha. is a voltage which is
impossible to be output from DC power supply B. In other words, the
predetermined value is set at a certain voltage which is never
output from DC power supply B. Then, if the voltage output from DC
power supply B varies, to the maximum value of the varying output
voltage, .alpha. is added to determine the predetermined value.
In step S2, if it is determined that voltage V2 is higher than the
predetermined value, voltage-conversion control means 302 generates
signal STP for stopping up-converter 12 and provides that signal to
NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 of up-converter 12. Accordingly, NPN
transistors Q1 and Q2 are stopped by signal STP and thus
up-converter 12 is stopped (step S3). This is because
voltage-conversion control means 302 judges, from the fact that
voltage V2 is higher than the predetermined voltage, that an
overvoltage is applied to the input of up-converter 12, and then
stops up-converter 12 in order to prevent the overvoltage equal to
or higher than the withstand voltage from being applied to
capacitor C1 and DC/DC converter 19.
Up-converter 12 is thus stopped and then a DC voltage is supplied
from DC power supply B to DC/DC converter 19 via capacitor C1 (step
S4). DC/DC converter 19 down-converts the supplied DC voltage and
provides the resultant voltage to inverter 20 which converts the DC
voltage into an AC voltage for driving motor 21 for the air
conditioner.
As described above, when it is determined that an overvoltage is
applied to the input of up-converter 12, up-converter 12 is stopped
from operating to eliminate the cause for the overvoltage and
accordingly continue driving of the auxiliary equipment constituted
of DC/DC converter 19, inverter 20 and air-conditioner motor 21.
The series of steps of the operation are completed in this way
(step S5).
In step S2, if voltage V2 is equal to or lower than the
predetermined value, voltage-conversion control means 302 receives,
from the external ECU, a signal KR indicating whether or not the
hybrid or electric vehicle is in the regenerative braking mode.
Based on this signal KR, it is determined that whether the vehicle
is in the regenerative braking mode (step S6). If
voltage-conversion control means 302 determines that the vehicle is
in the regenerative braking mode, control means 302 generates
signal PWMC for converting an AC voltage from motor M1 into a DC
voltage, provides signal PWMC to inverter 14, and accordingly
controls inverter 14 such that inverter 14 converts the AC voltage
from motor M1 into the DC voltage (step S7). Accordingly, switching
of NPN transistors Q4, Q6 and Q8 of inverter 14 is controlled as
discussed above by signal PWMC and inverter 14 converts the AC
voltage from motor M1 into the DC voltage which is then supplied to
up-converter 12.
Further, voltage-conversion control means 302 generates signal PWD
and provides this signal to up-converter 12 in order to control
up-converter 12 such that up-converter 12 down-converts the DC
voltage from inverter 14 to charge DC power supply B (step S8).
Then, in up-converter 12, NPN transistor Q1 is turned on while NPN
transistor Q2 is turned off to down-convert the DC voltage from
inverter 14 and accordingly charge DC power supply B (step S9).
After this, this operation returns to step S2.
In step S6, if it is determined that the vehicle is not in the
regenerative braking mode, motor-torque control means 301 generates
signals PWU and PWM1 as described above based on torque control
value TR and motor rotation number MRN from the external ECU,
output voltage V1 of DC power supply B that is provided from
voltage sensor 10, input voltage IVV from voltage sensor 13, and
motor current MCRT from current sensor 24. The generated signals
PWU and PWM1 are supplied respectively to up-converter 12 and
inverter 14. Inverter 14 driving motor M1 is then controlled such
that motor M1 outputs the torque which is designated by torque
control value TR (step S10). The operation thereafter returns to
step S2 and the steps discussed above are carried out.
In the flowchart shown in FIG. 4, the operation of steps S3 and S4
is performed, when the overvoltage is applied to the input of
up-converter 12, by eliminating the cause for the overvoltage to
continuously drive the auxiliary equipment. The operation of steps
S7-S9 is performed, in the regenerative braking mode, by converting
the AC voltage generated by motor M1 into the DC voltage to charge
DC power supply B. The operation of step S10 is performed to allow
motor M1 to generate torque.
Further, in the flowchart shown in FIG. 4, the determination as to
whether voltage V2 on the input of up-converter 12 is higher than
the predetermined value (step S2) precedes the determination as to
whether the vehicle is in the regenerative braking mode (step S6)
as described above, the determination regarding the regenerative
braking mode may precede the determination as to whether voltage V2
is higher than the predetermined voltage. In this case, regardless
of whether it is determined that the vehicle is in the regenerative
braking mode or it is determined that the vehicle is not in the
regenerative braking mode, the determination as to if voltage V2 is
higher than the predetermined value is made.
Instead of the operation of motor driver 100 shown in the flowchart
in FIG. 4, an operation shown in the flowchart in FIG. 5 may be
employed. The flowchart in FIG. 5 is the same as that in FIG. 4
except that steps S1 and S2 in FIG. 4 are replaced with steps S20
and S21 respectively.
Referring to FIG. 5, the operation is started and voltage sensor 18
detects voltage Vf applied to the DC load (DC/DC converter 19)
(step S20) and then outputs the detected voltage Vf to control unit
30. Voltage-conversion control means 302 of control unit 30
determines whether voltage Vf from voltage sensor 18 is higher than
a predetermined value (step S21). If it is determined that voltage
Vf is higher than the predetermined value, the operation proceeds
to step S3. If it is determined that voltage Vf is equal to or
lower than the predetermined value, the operation proceeds to step
S6. Subsequent steps are the same as those described above in
connection with the flowchart shown in FIG. 4.
In the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, the determination as to whether
or not voltage Vf applied to the DC load is higher than the
predetermined value (step S21) precedes the determination as to
whether the vehicle is in the regenerative braking mode (step S6)
as described above. Instead of this, the determination regarding
the regenerative braking mode may precede the determination as to
whether voltage Vf is higher than the predetermined value. In this
case, regardless of whether it is determined that the vehicle is in
the regenerative braking mode or it is determined that the vehicle
is not in the regenerative braking mode, the determination as to if
voltage Vf is higher than the predetermined value is made.
According to the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, when voltage Vf applied
to the DC load (DC/DC converter 19) is higher than the
predetermined value, it is determined that the overvoltage is
applied to the DC load to stop up-converter 12 for eliminating the
cause for the overvoltage. Therefore, the predetermined value used
in step S21 is determined by the above-described method based on
the withstand voltage of the DC load-related circuitry.
In addition, the operation of motor driver 100 may follow the
flowchart shown in FIG. 6. The flowchart in FIG. 6 is the same as
that in FIG. 4 except that steps S1 and S2 in FIG. 4 are replaced
with steps S30-S32.
Referring to FIG. 6, the operation is started and voltage sensor 10
detects voltage V1 output from DC power supply B (step S30) and
provides the detected voltage V1 to control unit 30. Voltage sensor
11 detects voltage V2 on the input of up-converter 12 (step S31)
and provides the detected voltage V2 to control unit 30.
Voltage-conversion control means 302 of control unit 30 then
determines whether voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10 matches
voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11 (step S32). If voltage V1 does
not match voltage V2, the operation proceeds to step S3. If voltage
V1 matches voltage V2, the operation proceeds to step S6. The
subsequent steps are the same as those described above in
connection with FIG. 4.
Here, it is indicated in step S4 that the voltage is supplied to
the DC load, which means that the voltage is supplied from
capacitor C1 to DC/DC converter 19. If voltage V1 does not match
voltage V2, DC power supply B is separated from capacitor C1 and
accordingly, the power accumulated in capacitor C1 is supplied to
DC/DC converter 19.
In the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, the determination as to whether
or not voltage V1 matches voltage V2 (step S32) precedes the
determination as to whether the vehicle is in the regenerative
braking mode (step S6) as described above. Instead of this, the
determination regarding the regenerative braking mode may precede
the determination as to whether voltage V1 matches voltage V2. In
this case, regardless of whether it is determined that the vehicle
is in the regenerative braking mode or it is determined that the
vehicle is not in the regenerative braking mode, the determination
as to if voltage V1 matches voltage V2 is made.
According to the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, it is determined
whether or not voltage V1 output from DC power supply B matches
voltage V2 on the input of up-converter 12 and, up-converter 12 is
stopped if the voltages do not match. The fact that voltage V1 does
not match voltage V2 indicates that DC power supply B is separated
from capacitor C1, up-converter 12 and DC/DC converter 19 due to
any malfunction of system relays SR1 and SR2 or brake. In this
case, if regenerative braking occurs with DC power supply B
separated, an overvoltage is applied to the input of up-converter
12. In order to avoid this, up-converter 12 is stopped for
eliminating the cause for the overvoltage when it is found that DC
power supply B is separated. Here, control unit 30 does not
particularly control inverter 14.
According to the present invention as discussed above,
voltage-conversion control means 302 judges whether or not an
overvoltage is applied to the input of up-converter 12 according to
whether input voltage V2 of up-converter 12 is higher than a
predetermined value or not, or whether voltage Vf applied to the DC
load is higher than a predetermined value or not. When control
means 302 judges that the overvoltage is applied thereto, control
means 302 stops up-converter 12. Moreover, according to the present
invention, voltage-conversion control means 302 detects whether or
not DC power supply B is separated according to the determination
as to whether or not output voltage V1 of DC power supply B matches
input voltage V2 of up-converter 12. Then, if DC power supply B is
separated, up-converter 12 is stopped.
The present invention is thus characterized in that up-converter 12
is stopped when the overvoltage is applied to the input of
up-converter 12 or DC power supply B is separated. Specifically,
the fact that the overvoltage is applied to the input of
up-converter 12 or the fact that DC power supply B is separated
means any malfunction occurs in the electrical system between the
DC power supply and a voltage converter (up-converter 12). Here,
the operation of stopping up-converter 12 corresponds to control of
the voltage converter (up-converter 12) for protecting the
electrical system of the DC load.
Moreover, the present invention is characterized in that, in the
motor driver having one motor M1, up-converter 12 is stopped when
any malfunction occurs in the electrical system between the DC
power supply and the voltage converter (up-converter 12).
When voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11 is used for detecting an
overvoltage on the input of up-converter 12, voltage sensor 11,
up-converter 12, inverter 14, DC/DC converter 19, and control unit
30 constitute "load driver."
In addition, when voltage Vf from voltage sensor 18 is used for
detecting the overvoltage on the DC load, up-converter 12, inverter
14, voltage sensor 18, DC/DC converter 19, and control unit 30
constitute "load driver."
Further, when voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10 and voltage V2 from
voltage sensor 11 are used for detecting whether DC power supply B
is separated or not, voltage sensors 10 and 11, up-converter 12,
inverter 14, DC/DC converter 19, and control unit 30 constitute
"load driver."
According to the description above, it is detected that DC power
supply B is separated if voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10 does not
match voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11. Instead of this, the ECU
external to the voltage converter may detect whether DC power
supply B is separated or not according to the present invention. In
this case, control unit 30 receives a detection signal indicative
of separation of DC power supply B from the external ECU and,
according to the detection signal, control unit 30 generates signal
STP for stopping up-converter 12 and provides the signal STP to
up-converter 12.
Further, according to the description above, motor M1 generates
electric power. The device with the power-generating function may
generally be an AC power generator according to the present
invention.
In addition, according to the description above, the electrical
system of the DC load connected to the DC power supply B is
constituted of DC/DC converter 19, inverter 20 and air-conditioner
motor 21. Here, the electrical system may be any auxiliary
equipment or circuitry mounted on a hybrid or electric vehicle.
According to the present invention, a control method for safely
driving the DC load follows any of the flowcharts shown in FIGS.
4-6 respectively.
Moreover, the control by control unit 30 for safely driving the DC
load is actually carried out by a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
CPU reads, from a ROM (Read-Only Memory), a program including the
steps shown in any of the flowcharts in FIGS. 4-6, and then
executes the program read from the ROM to control driving of the DC
load according to any of the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 4-6. The ROM
thus corresponds to a computer (CPU)-readable recording medium on
which a program is recorded that includes the steps of any of the
flowcharts shown respectively in FIGS. 4-6.
According to the first embodiment, the load driver has the control
unit which controls the up-converter in such a way that the
up-converter is stopped from operating if any malfunction occurs in
the electrical system between the DC power supply and the
up-converter. Accordingly, an overvoltage is prevented from being
applied to the input of the up-converter.
Second Embodiment
Referring to FIG. 7, a motor driver 200 having a load driver
according to a second embodiment includes a DC power supply B,
voltage sensors 10, 11, 13 and 18, system relays SR1 and SR2,
capacitors C1 and C2, an up-converter 12, inverters 14 and 31,
current sensors 24 and 28, and a control unit 300. Motor driver 200
drives two motors M1 and M2. Of the motors M1 and M2, one motor M1
generates torque for driving drive wheels of a hybrid or electric
vehicle and the other motor M2 is used for a power generator or for
auxiliary equipment if the vehicle is the hybrid vehicle and is
used for auxiliary equipment if the vehicle is the electric
vehicle.
DC power supply B, voltage sensors 10, 11, 13 and 18, system relays
SR1 and SR2, capacitors C1 and C2, up-converter 12, inverter 14,
and current sensor 24 are as those described above in connection
with the first embodiment. Here, capacitor C2 receives a DC voltage
from up-converter 12 via nodes N1 and N2 to smooth the received DC
voltage and supplies the smoothed voltage to inverter 31 as well as
inverter 14.
Current sensor 24 detects a motor current MCRT1 which is then
provided to control unit 300. Inverter 14 converts, according to a
signal PWMI1 from control unit 330, the DC voltage from capacitor
C2 into an AC voltage to drive motor M1 and, according to a signal
PWMC1, converts an AC voltage generated by motor M1 into a DC
voltage.
Inverter 31 has the same configuration as that of inverter 14.
Inverter 31 converts, according to a signal PWMI2 from control unit
300, the DC voltage from capacitor C2 into an AC voltage to drive
motor M2 and, according to a signal PWMC2, converts an AC voltage
generated by motor M2 into a DC voltage. Current sensor 28 detects
a motor current MCRT2 flowing to each phase of motor M2 and outputs
the detected current to control unit 300.
Control unit 300 receives output voltage V1 of DC power supply B
from voltage sensor 10, receives voltage V2 on the input of
up-converter 12 from voltage sensor 11, receives motor currents
MCRT1 and MCRT2 from respective current sensors 24 and 28, receives
input voltage IVV to inverters 14 and 31 from voltage sensor 13,
and receives torque control values TR1 and TR2 and motor rotation
number MRN1 and MRN2 from an external ECU. Based on voltage V1,
input voltage IVV, motor current MCRT1, torque control value TR1
and motor rotation number MRN1, control unit 300 generates signal
PWMI1 for controlling switching of NPN transistors Q3-Q8 of
inverter 14 when inverter 14 drives motor M1 following the
above-described method, and provides the generated signal PWMI1 to
inverter 14.
Further, based on voltage V1, input voltage IVV, motor current MCRT
2, torque control value TR2 and motor rotation number MRN2, control
unit 300 generates signal PWMI2 for controlling switching of NPN
transistors Q3-Q8 of inverter 31 when inverter 31 drives motor M2
following the above-described method, and provides the generated
signal PWMI2 to inverter 31.
When inverter 14 (or 31) drives motor M1 (or M2), control unit 300
generates signal PWU for controlling switching of NPN transistors
Q1 and Q2 of up-converter 12 following the above-described method,
based on voltage V1, input voltage IVV, motor current MCRT1 (or
MCRT2), torque control value TR1 (or TR2) and motor rotation number
MRN1 (or MRN2) and provides the generated signal PWU to
up-converter 12.
Further, control unit 300 determines, based on voltage V2 from
voltage sensor 11 or voltage Vf from voltage sensor 18, whether or
not the overvoltage is applied to the input of up-converter 12,
following the above-described method. If the overvoltage is applied
thereto, control unit 300 generates signal STP for stopping
up-converter 12 and provides the signal STP to up-converter 12.
Alternatively, control unit 300 may determine, based on voltages V1
and V2, whether or not DC power supply B is separated, following
the above-described method to generate signal STP for stopping
up-converter 12 if DC power supply B is separated and provide the
generated signal STP to up-converter 12.
In regenerative braking mode, control unit 300 generates signal
PWMC1 for converting the AC voltage generated by motor M1 into the
DC voltage or generates signal PWMC2 for converting the AC voltage
generated by motor M2 into the DC voltage, and supplies the
generated signal PWMC1 or PWMC2 to inverter 14 or inverter 31,
respectively. At this time, control unit 300 generates signal PWD
for controlling up-converter 12 such that up-converter 12
down-converts the DC voltage from inverter 14 or 31 to charge DC
power supply B, and provides the generated signal PWD to
up-converter 12.
In addition, control unit 300 generates signal SE for making system
relays SR1 and SR2 on to provide the signal SE to system relays SR1
and SR2.
FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of control unit 300. Control
unit 300 includes voltage-conversion control means 302 and
motor-torque control means 303. Voltage-conversion control means
302 performs, in addition to the functions discussed in connection
with the first embodiment, a function of outputting signal STP not
only to up-converter 12 but also motor-torque control means 303.
This signal STP is generated by control means 302 when it is
detected that the overvoltage is applied to the input of
up-converter 12 or that DC power supply B is separated.
Voltage-conversion control means 302 generates, in regenerative
braking mode, two signals PWMC1 and PWMC2 to be supplied to
inverters 14 and 31 respectively.
Further, motor-torque control means 303 performs a function in
addition to the functions discussed above in connection with the
first embodiment. Specifically, when motor-torque control means 303
receives signal STP from voltage-conversion control means 302,
motor-torque control means 303 generates signals for driving motors
M1 and M2 to maintain a balance between supply and consumption of
the electric energy held in the circuitry on the output side of
up-converter 12, that is, the balance between the supply and
consumption of the electric energy is kept with respect to motors
M1 and M2. The signals thus generated by motor-torque control means
303 are output respectively to inverters 14 and 31. Here again,
switching of NPN transistors Q3-Q8 in inverters 14 and 31 is
controlled and accordingly, motor-torque control means 303
provides, to inverters 14 and 31, respective signals PWMI1 and
PWMI2 for driving motors M1 and M2 to maintain a balance between
supply and consumption (of electric energy) with respect to motor
M1 and motor M2. Then, inverter 14 drives motor M1 according to
signal PWMI1 while inverter 31 drives motor M2 according to signal
PWMI2 in such a way that the balance between supply and consumption
of the electric energy with respect to motors M1 and M2 is
maintained.
Motor driver 200 operates as discussed below. Motor driver 200
stops up-converter 12 when the overvoltage is detected on the input
of up-converter 12. The operation here of motor driver 200 thus
follows the flowchart shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5.
Motor driver 200 may alternatively operate following the flowchart
shown in FIG. 9. The flowchart in FIG. 9 is the same as that in
FIG. 6 except that the flowchart in FIG. 9 includes an additional
step S33.
Referring to FIG. 9, up-converter 12 is stopped (step S3), and then
motors M1 and M2 are operated to keep the balance between supply
and consumption of the electric energy with respect to motors M1
and M2 (step S33). The operation here then proceeds to step S4
described above.
Motors M1 and M2 may be operated in various manners in step S33.
Motors M1 and M2 may typically be operated as follows:
(1) when up-converter 12 is stopped, motors M1 and M2 are operated
with the electric power accumulated in capacitor C2; or
(2) one of motors M1 and M2 serves as a regenerative power
generator to generate power which is used for charging capacitor C2
and accordingly operating the other motor.
When the motors are operated in manner (1), motor torque control
means 303 generates signals PWMI1 and PWMI2 by the above-discussed
method to output the signals to inverters 14 and 31 respectively.
According to signal PWMI1, inverter 14 converts the DC voltage from
capacitor C2 into an AC voltage for driving motor M1. According to
signal PWMI2, inverter 31 converts the DC voltage from capacitor C2
into an AC voltage for driving motor M2. Motors M1 and M2 are
stopped from operating when the electric power accumulated in
capacitor C2 becomes zero.
When the motors are operated in manner (2), motor torque control
means 303 generates, by the above-described method, signals PWMI1
and PWMC2 or signals PWMC1 and PWMI2 to provide the signals to
inverters 14 and 31. If motor torque control means 303 outputs
signals PWMI1 and PWMC2, inverter 31 converts an AC voltage
generated by motor M2 into a DC voltage in response to signal PWMC2
to charge capacitor C2 while inverter 14 converts the DC voltage
from capacitor C2 into an AC voltage in response to signal PWMI1 to
drive motor M1.
If motor torque control means 303 outputs signals PWMC1 and PWMI2,
inverter 14 converts an AC voltage generated by motor M1 into a DC
voltage in response to signal PWMC1 to charge capacitor C2 while
inverter 31 converts the DC voltage from capacitor C2 into an AC
voltage in response to signal PWMI2 to drive motor M2.
In this way, when up-converter 12 is stopped for the reason that DC
power supply B is separated, motors M1 and M2 are operated to
maintain the balance between supply and consumption of the electric
energy with respect to motors M1 and M2.
Other details are the same as those of the first embodiment.
According to the description above, two motors are employed.
Instead, three or more motors may be used according to the present
invention. In this case, depending on the number of additional
motors, one or any number of combinations each consisting of a
motor and an inverter for driving the motor are connected to nodes
N1 and N2 shown in FIG. 7. Specifically, one or any number of
combinations each of a motor and an inverter are connected in
parallel to nodes N1 and N2.
The second embodiment applied to the motor driver driving at least
two motors is characterized in that, as the first embodiment, the
up-converter is stopped when the overvoltage is detected on the
input of the up-converter.
Moreover, the second embodiment applied to the motor driver driving
at least two motors is characterized in that the up-converter is
stopped when the DC power supply is separated while the motors are
operated to keep the balance between supply and consumption of the
electric energy with respect to these motors.
Here, when voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11 is used to detect the
overvoltage on the input of up-converter 12, voltage sensor 11,
up-converter 12, inverter 14, DC/DC converter 19 and control unit
300 constitute "load driver."
When voltage Vf from voltage sensor 18 is used to detect the
overvoltage to the DC load, up-converter 12, inverter 14, voltage
sensor 18, DC/DC converter 19 and control unit 300 constitute "load
driver."
When voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10 and voltage V2 from voltage
sensor 11 are used to detect that DC power supply B is separated,
voltage sensors 10 and 11, up-converter 12, inverter 14, DC/DC
converter 19 and control unit 300 constitute "load driver."
According to the present invention, a control method for safely
driving the DC load follows any of the flowcharts shown
respectively in FIGS. 4, 5 and 9.
The control by control unit 300 for safely driving the DC load is
actually carried out by a CPU (Central Processing Unit). CPU reads,
from a ROM (Read-Only Memory), a program including the steps shown
in any of the flowcharts in FIGS. 4, 5 and 9, and then executes the
program read from the ROM to control driving of the DC load
according to any of the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 9. The
ROM thus corresponds to a computer (CPU)-readable recording medium
on which a program is recorded that includes the steps of any of
the flowcharts shown respectively in FIGS. 4, 5 and 9.
According to the second embodiment, the load driver has the control
unit which controls the up-converter in such a way that the
up-converter is stopped from operating if any malfunction occurs in
the electrical system between the DC power supply and the
up-converter. Accordingly, the overvoltage is prevented from being
applied to the input of the up-converter.
In addition, when any malfunction occurs in the electrical system
between the DC power supply and the up-converter, the control unit
of the load driver stops the up-converter from operating and then
controls a plurality of inverters respectively driving a plurality
of motors in such a way that the balance between supply and
consumption of electric energy with respect to these motors is
maintained. Accordingly, the electrical system of the DC load
connected between the DC power supply and the up-converter is
protected and the energy is effectively used.
Third Embodiment
Referring to FIG. 10 a motor driver 400 having a load driver
according to a third embodiment is the same as motor driver 200
except that motor driver 400 includes a control unit 300A instead
of control unit 300 of motor driver 200. In addition, an engine 35
is connected to motor M2. Motor M2 thus serves to
electromagnetically transmit torque from the output shaft of engine
35 to the vehicle-driving-shaft and also serves as a power
generator converting a part or the whole of engine torque into
electric energy. In addition, an auxiliary battery 60 is connected
to the DC/DC converter 19.
In motor driver 400, DC/DC converter 19 is connected between DC
power supply B and up-converter 12 to down-convert a DC voltage
from DC power supply B and accordingly charge auxiliary battery 60
(e.g. output voltage 12 V). As DC/DC converter 19 is placed between
DC power supply B and up-converter 12, a required withstand voltage
of DC/DC converter 19 is determined according to an output voltage
of DC power supply B. Then, the withstand voltage of DC/DC
converter 19 placed between DC power supply B and up-converter 12
is smaller than that of DC/DC converter 19 placed between
up-converter 12 and inverters 14 and 31.
Moreover, requirements of the specification of the components of
DC/DC converter 19 are made less severe, which means the circuit
configuration of DC/DC converter 19 may be simplified.
Consequently, reduction in the cost and size of DC/DC converter 19
is achieved.
Auxiliary battery 60 is used as a power supply of such a control
circuit as control unit 300A.
Control unit 300A performs, in addition to the functions of control
unit 300, a function as specifically described below.
When voltage V1 from voltage sensor 10 does not match voltage V2
from voltage sensor 11, control unit 300A decreases the output of
engine 35 while controlling inverters 14 and 31 in such a way that
the DC voltage obtained by converting, by inverter 31, the voltage
generated by motor M2 is lower than the withstand voltage of DC/DC
converter 19.
More specifically, control unit 300A generates signal PWMC2 for
converting the AC voltage generated by motor M2 from torque of
engine 35 into the DC voltage to supply the generated signal to
inverter 31, and generates signal PWMI1 for converting the DC
voltage from capacitor C2 into the AC voltage to drive motor M1 or
a signal STP1 for stopping inverter 14 to provide the resultant
signal to inverter 14.
When the DC voltage obtained by converting by inverter 31 the
voltage generated by motor M2 based on the torque from engine 35 is
equal to or higher than the withstand voltage of DC/DC converter
19, control unit 300A drives inverter 14 such that voltage IVV from
voltage sensor 13 is lower than the withstand voltage of DC/DC
converter 19. Then, control unit 300A generates signal PWMI1 and
provides this signal to inverter 14 for converting the DC voltage
from capacitor C2 into an AC voltage so as to cause a part of the
DC power accumulated in capacitor C2 to be consumed by motor
M1.
On the other hand, signal STP1 is generated and provided to
inverter 14 for stopping inverter 14 when the DC voltage obtained
by converting by inverter 31 the voltage generated by motor M2
based on torque from engine 35 is lower than the withstand voltage
of DC/DC converter 19.
In this way, control unit 300A controls inverters 14 and 31 such
that the AC voltage generated based on the torque of engine 35 is
converted into a DC voltage which is lower than the withstand
voltage of DC/DC converter 19.
Moreover, control unit 300A generates signal PWH for keeping NPN
transistor Q2 continuously in OFF state and keeping NPN transistor
Q1 continuously in ON state and provides signal PWH to up-converter
12. Then the configuration of up-converter 12 is changed to allow
up-converter 12 to directly output a DC voltage supplied from nodes
N1 and N2 to DC power supply B. Then, the voltage generated by
motor M2 and converted by inverters 31 into a DC voltage is
supplied to DC/DC converter 19.
Preferably, when voltage V1 does not match voltage V2, control unit
300A determines whether voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11 (or
voltage Vf from voltage sensor 18) is equal to or more than a
predetermined value. Then, if voltage V2 (or voltage Vf) is smaller
than the predetermined value, control unit 300A controls engine 35
and inverters 14 and 31 to supply the voltage generated by motor M2
and converted by inverter 31 into the DC voltage directly by DC/DC
converter 19.
As discussed above, when voltage V1 does not match voltage V2, that
is, when it is detected that DC power supply B is separated from
capacitor C1, up-converter 12 and DC/DC converter 19, control unit
300A controls engine 35 and inverters 14 and 31 to generate a DC
voltage lower than the withstand voltage of DC/DC converter 19 and
supply the generated DC voltage directly to DC/DC converter 19.
Preferably, control unit 300A confirms that no overvoltage is
applied to DC/DC converter 19 to directly supply the voltage
generated by motor M2 and converted by inverter 31 into the DC
voltage to DC/DC converter 19.
Referring to FIG. 11, motor driver 400 operates as detailed below.
The flowchart in FIG. 11 is the same as that in FIG. 6 except that
steps S3 and S4 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 6 are replaced with
steps S34 and S35 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 11.
Referring to FIG. 11, it is determined in step S32 that voltage V1
does not match voltage V2. Then, control unit 300A controls engine
35 to decrease the output therefrom and generates signal PWMC2 for
converting an AC voltage generated by motor M2 based on torque of
engine 35 into a DC voltage to provide the generated signal to
inverter 31. Further, control unit 300A generates signal PWMI1 or
signal STP1 to provide the generated signals to inverter 14 as
described above (step S34).
Control unit 300A generates signal PWH which is output to
up-converter 12. The AC voltage generated based on the torque of
engine 35 is converted into the DC voltage which is lower than the
withstand voltage of DC/DC converter 19. The resultant DC voltage
is directly supplied via up-converter 12 to DC/DC converter 19
(step S35). A series of steps of this operation is completed
accordingly. Other details are as those described in connection
with the first embodiment.
Motor driver 400 may operate following the flowchart shown in FIG.
12. The flowchart in FIG. 12 is the same as that in FIG. 11 except
that steps S33, S3 and S4 are added to the flowchart of FIG. 11.
The operation of steps S3 and S4 is as described above in
connection with the first embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 12, it is determined in step S32 that voltage V1
does not match voltage V2. Then, control unit 300A determines
whether or not voltage V2 from voltage sensor 11 (or voltage Vf
from voltage sensor 18) is equal to or higher than a predetermined
value Vstd (step S33). In step S33 if it is determined that voltage
V2 (or voltage Vf) is equal to or more than predetermined value
Vstd, the operation proceeds to step S3. If it is determined that
voltage V2 (or voltage Vf) is smaller than predetermined value
Vstd, the operation proceeds to step S34. After this, steps S3 and
S4 or steps S34 and S35 are carried out.
In other words, when voltage V2 (or voltage Vf) is equal to or more
than predetermined value Vstd, up-converter 12 is stopped to supply
electric power accumulated in capacitor C1 to DC/DC converter 19.
When it is determined that voltage V2 (or voltage Vf) is smaller
than predetermined value Vstd, voltage generated by motor M2 based
on the torque of engine 35 and converted into DC voltage by
inverter 31 is supplied directly to DC/DC converter 19.
According to the third embodiment as described above, when any
failure in system relays SR1 and SR2 or brake causes DC power
supply B to be separated from capacitor C1, up-converter 12 and
DC/DC converter 19, the voltage generated according to the torque
of engine 35 and converted into the DC voltage lower than the
withstand voltage of DC/DC converter 19 is directly supplied to
DC/DC converter 19.
Preferably, the DC voltage generated according to the torque of
engine 35 and converted into the DC voltage lower than the
withstand voltage of DC/DC converter 19 is supplied directly to
DC/DC converter 19 after it is confirmed that no overvoltage is
applied to DC/DC converter 19.
In this way, even if DC power supply B is separated from capacitor
C1, up-converter 12 and DC/DC converter 19, DC/DC converter 19 can
continue its operation. Then, the vehicle with motor driver 400
mounted thereon surely keeps moving.
Voltage sensors 10, 11 and 18, up-converter 12, inverters 14 and
31, DC/DC converter 19 and control unit 300A constitute "load
driver."
A control method according to the present invention for safely
driving a DC load follows the flowchart shown in FIG. 11 or 12.
Moreover, the control by control unit 300A for safely driving the
DC load is actually carried out by a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
CPU reads, from a ROM (Read-Only Memory), a program including the
steps shown in the flowchart in FIG. 11 or 12, and then executes
the program read from the ROM to control driving of the DC load
according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 11 or 12. The ROM thus
corresponds to a computer (CPU)-readable recording medium on which
a program is recorded that includes the steps of the flowchart
shown in FIG. 11 or 12.
Other details are the same as those of the second embodiment.
According to the third embodiment, the load driver has the control
unit and, under the control by the control unit, the power
generated based on the torque of the engine is converted into the
DC voltage lower than the withstand voltage of the DC load and the
resultant DC voltage is supplied directly to the DC load, when the
DC power supply is separated. The DC load can thus be kept driven
while the DC load connected between the DC power supply and the
up-converter is protected.
Fourth Embodiment
Referring to FIG. 13, a motor driver 500 having a load driver
according to a fourth embodiment is the same as motor driver 400
except that control unit 300A of motor driver 400 is replaced with
a control unit 300B and that motor driver 500 includes diodes D9
and D10 and a system relay SR3 in addition to the components of
motor driver 400.
System relay SR3 and diode D10 are connected in series between node
N3 and node N4. Diode D10 is connected in the direction in which a
DC current flows from system relay SR3 to node N4. System relay SR3
is made on/off in response to a signal CHG from control unit
300B.
Diode D9 is connected between a power supply line of DC power
supply B and node N4. Diode D9 is connected in the direction in
which a DC current from DC power supply B flows to node N4.
Even when diodes D9 and D10 cause system relay SR3 to be made on,
short circuit is prevented that occurs between DC power supply B
and inverters 14 and 31 through the path of system relay SR3 and
diode D10.
In addition to the functions of control unit 300A, control unit
300B performs a function of generating signal CHG to be output to
system relay SR3 for turning on/off system relay SR3.
As for motor driver 500, control unit 300B controls inverters 14
and 31 and engine 35 in such a way that, when voltage V1 does not
match voltage V2, a DC voltage lower than the withstand voltage of
DC/DC converter 19 is generated and supplied to up-converter 12 via
nodes N1 and N2. Control unit 300B further generates signal STP for
stopping up-converter 12 as well as signal CHG for making system
relay SR3 on and provides the signals respectively to up-converter
12 and system relay SR3.
Accordingly, the voltage generated based on the torque of engine 35
and converted into a DC voltage is supplied via nodes N1 and N2 to
up-converter 12 and supplied directly to DC/DC converter 19 via
system relay SR3 and diode D10.
In this way, the operation of DC/DC converter 19 can be continued
while overvoltage is prevented from being applied.
Referring to FIG. 14, motor driver 500 operates as described below.
The flowchart in FIG. 14 is the same as the flowchart in FIG. 11
except that step S35 in FIG. 11 is replaced with step S36.
After step S34, control unit 300B generates signal STP for stopping
up-converter 12 and signal CHG for making system relay SR3 on and
provides the generated signals respectively to up-converter 12 and
system relay SR3.
The voltage generated based on the torque of engine 35 and
converted into the DC voltage is thus supplied via nodes N1 and N2
to up-converter 12 and directly to DC/DC converter 19 via system
relay SR3 and diode D10 (step S36). A series of the steps of the
operation is then completed. Other details of the operation are
described above.
Motor driver 500 may operate following the flowchart shown in FIG.
15. The flowchart in FIG. 15 is the same as that in FIG. 12 except
that step S35 in the flowchart of FIG. 12 is replaced with step S36
in FIG. 15.
Referring to FIG. 15, after step S34, step S36 as described above
is carried out. Other details are described above.
According to the fourth embodiment as described above, when voltage
V1 does not match voltage V2, which means that DC power supply B is
separated, the voltage generated based on the torque of engine 35
and converted into the DC voltage is supplied directly to DC/DC
converter 19 via system relay SR3.
The voltage generated by motor M2 and converted by inverter 31 into
the DC voltage is supplied to DC/DC converter 19 via system relay
SR3, so that the power generated by motor M2 can be supplied to
DC/DC converter 19 even if NPN transistor Q1 of up-converter 12
fails.
Voltage sensors 10, 11 and 18, up-converter 12, inverters 14 and
31, DC/DC converter 19, system relay SR3, diodes D9 and D10 and
control unit 300B constitute "load driver."
Diode D10 constitutes "supply unit" which directly supplies, to the
DC load (DC/DC converter 19), a DC voltage produced from the power
generated by motor M2 and having a voltage level lower than a
predetermined value (voltage of at least the withstand voltage of
DC/DC converter 19).
System relay SR3 constitutes "switching unit" switching supply of a
DC voltage between a voltage converter (up-converter 12) and a
supply unit (diode D10).
A control method according to the present invention for safely
driving a DC load follows the flowchart shown in FIG. 14 or 15.
Moreover, the control by control unit 300B for safely driving the
DC load is actually carried out by a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
CPU reads, from a ROM (Read-Only Memory), a program including the
steps shown in the flowchart in FIG. 14 or 15, and then executes
the program read from the ROM to control driving of the DC load
according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 14 or 15. The ROM thus
corresponds to a computer (CPU)-readable recording medium on which
a program is recorded that includes the steps of the flowchart
shown in FIG. 14 or 15.
Other details are the same as those of the second and third
embodiments.
According to the fourth embodiment, the load driver has the control
unit and, under the control of the control unit, the power
generated based on the torque of the engine is converted into the
DC voltage lower than the withstand voltage of the DC load and the
resultant DC voltage is supplied directly to the DC load, when the
DC power supply is separated. The load driver further has the
switching unit for switching supply of voltage generated by engine
and converted into a DC voltage. Accordingly, even if the
up-converter fails, the electric power generated according to
torque of the engine can surely be supplied to the DC load
connected between the DC power supply and the up-converter.
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated
in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of
illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of
limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being
limited only by the terms of the appended claims.
* * * * *