U.S. patent number RE32,684 [Application Number 06/791,539] was granted by the patent office on 1988-05-31 for air table system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Precision Metal Fabricators, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ronald A. Lenhart.
United States Patent |
RE32,684 |
Lenhart |
May 31, 1988 |
Air table system
Abstract
An air table system which utilizes air jet openings in the table
surface of a pattern configuration to lift, support and direct
movement of objects, such as containers, to feed same from a
plurality of sources to fewer destinations or vice versa. With
suitable cover configuration, partially closed and open covers,
movement of the containers around or to one side of blockades to
accomplish controlled movement of the containers is made possible.
The movement of objects can be further controlled by the use of the
objects and/or side walls on the table to restrict air flow in
conjunction with the solid cover portions to create selected higher
air pressure zones and air flow paths to selectively move the
objects. At a discharge end of the air table, a single file
conveying zone is provided with air jets that blow air in the
opposite direction to the normal flow of the objects to move them
into single file.
Inventors: |
Lenhart; Ronald A. (Lakewood,
CO) |
Assignee: |
Precision Metal Fabricators,
Inc. (Arvada, CO)
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Family
ID: |
27121172 |
Appl.
No.: |
06/791,539 |
Filed: |
October 25, 1985 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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321391 |
Nov 16, 1981 |
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138006 |
Apr 7, 1980 |
4347022 |
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947441 |
Oct 2, 1978 |
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Reissue of: |
474822 |
Mar 10, 1983 |
04462720 |
Jul 31, 1984 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
406/84;
406/88 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65G
51/03 (20130101); B65G 2201/0244 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65G
51/00 (20060101); B65G 51/03 (20060101); B65G
051/03 () |
Field of
Search: |
;406/84,86,88,181
;414/676 ;198/347,453,455,493 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Coors Single Filer Equipment..
|
Primary Examiner: Peters, Jr.; Joseph F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fields, Lewis, Pittenger &
Rost
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of U.S. Ser. No. 321,391, filed Nov.
16, 1981, which is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No.
138,006 filed Apr. 7, 1980, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,022
and in turn is a continuation-in-part of my U.S. application Ser.
No. 947,441 for "Air Transport System" filed Oct. 2, 1978 now
abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An air table apparatus for the transport of objects .Iadd.en
masse .Iaddend.from an upstream location to a downstream location,
said apparatus comprising:
a .Iadd.generally horizontal .Iaddend.table having a surface, edges
and an underside with a prearranged pattern of air jet openings in
.Iadd.substantially .Iaddend.the .Iadd.entire .Iaddend.surface
slanted in a downstream direction of object movement and
communicating the surface and the underside .Iadd.for supporting
and transporting the containers.Iaddend.;
a single file conveying zone at said downstream location;
.[.solid.]. .Iadd.imperforate .Iaddend.cover means spaced above
said surface of said table a distance slightly greater than the
longitudinal dimension of the objects being transported and
positioned at least over said single file conveying zone;
a plenum connectable to a source of air under pressure underlying
and attached to said underside of said table surface to supply air
through said jet openings to lift, support and move the objects
.Iadd.en masse .Iaddend.from said upstream location to said
downstream location;
side means positioned along the edges of said table surface between
said cover and said table surface; and
blow back air jets connected to a source of air under pressure for
supplying air under pressure into said single file conveying zone
in opposition to the direction of normal flow of the objects.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
said side means include closed side walls to form barrier means
positioned along the edges of the table surface.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
said side means is at least one side rail with openings between
said rail and at least one of said cover and said table surface so
that the objects being transported form barrier means when in
contact with said side rail.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, further including:
a first plenum wall with said blow back air jets therein and having
an end spaced from said rails a distance just sufficient to allow
the objects to pass therebetween in single file, said blow back
jets being arranged to blow air under pressure into said single
file conveying zone in a direction substantially parallel and
opposite to the single file movement of the objects.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said first plenum wall is
generally transverse to said rails and further including:
a second plenum wall generally parallel to said rails and having
air jets for directing air under pressure toward said rails to move
said objects toward said rails.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein:
said air jets in said second plenum wall are positioned to direct
air under pressure at an angle to said rails and in the direction
of movement of the objects.
7. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said first plenum wall is
generally transverse to said side rails and parallel to the
movement of objects along said table and at least a portion of said
guide rails are generally perpendicular to the movement of objects
along said table, further including:
additional air jets in said first plenum wall for directing air
under pressure at an angle to said rails and in the direction of
movement of the objects.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
.[.at least some of said.]. .Iadd.additional .Iaddend.air jet
openings are slanted towards said side means to move the objects in
contact with said side means adjacent said single file conveying
zone.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
said side means is a pair of parallel spaced side rails with
openings therebetween so that the objects being transported form
barrier means when in contact with said side rails. .Iadd.
10. An air table apparatus for the transport of objects from an
upstream location en masse to a downstream location in single file,
said apparatus comprising:
a generally horizontal table having a surface, edges and an
underside with a prearranged pattern of air jet openings in
substantially the entire surface slanted in a downstream direction
of object movement and communicating the surface and the
underside;
a single file conveying zone at said downstream location having
additional air jet openings slanted in the same direction as said
prearranged pattern of air jet openings;
a plenum connectable to a source of air under pressure underlying
and attached to said underside of said table surface to supply air
through said jet openings to lift, support and move the objects
from said upstream location to said downstream location en
masse;
at least one open side means positioned along the edges of said
table surface along said single file conveying zone;
blow back air jets connected to a source of air under pressure for
supplying air under pressure into said single file conveying zone
in opposition to the direction of normal flow of the objects;
and
means spaced above said surface of said table a distance slightly
greater than the longitudinal dimension of the objects being
transported and positioned at least over said single file conveying
zone to confine the air movement to create a high pressure zone
thereunder which cooperates with said open side means to direct the
objects toward said open side means and into single file. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.
11. An air table apparatus for the transport of objects from an
upstream location en masse to a downstream location in single file,
said apparatus comprising:
a generally horizontal table having a surface, edges and an
underside with a prearranged pattern of air jet openings in
substantially the entire surface slanted in a downstream direction
of object movement and communicating the surface and the
underside;
a single file conveying zone at said downstream location;
a plenum connectable to source of air under pressure underlying and
attached to said underside of said table surface to supply air
through said jet openings to lift, support and move the objects
from said upstream location to said downstream location en
masse;
at least one open side means positioned along the edges of said
table surface along said single file conveying zone;
blow back air jets connected to a source of air under pressure for
supplying air under pressure into said single file conveying zone
in opposition to the direction of normal flow of the objects;
a wall extending upstream from said blow back air jets which is
parallel to said open side means and forms a side of said single
file conveying zone; and
means spaced above said surface of said table a distance slightly
greater than the longitudinal dimension of the objects being
transported and positioned at least over said single file conveying
zone to confine the air movement to create a high pressure zone
thereunder which cooperates with said open side means to direct the
objects toward said open side means and into single file. .Iaddend.
Description
This invention relates to an air table system useful in
transporting and moving containers and the like over long distances
en masse, accepting containers from one or a plurality of sources
and discharging them as a single stream or a plurality of
streams.
There are many occasions in the mass production of containers of
similar size such as glass, plastic or metal containers and the
like where a plurality of feed lines from several sources need to
be merged into a single multiple line or that a single multiple
line needs to be separated into one or more single lines. This is
desirable, for example, for directing containers to testing
stations, labeling, filling or other stations in a packaging
operation and/or manufacturing operation.
There are devices that are presently known which may be used to
separate a single line into several lines. One known type of such
apparatus which is located between a single line conveyor and a
triple line conveyor is disclosed in Bourland U.S. Pat. No.
2,472,563. That apparatus includes a dead plate having two
vibrating or eccentric pins dividing the downstream end of the
plate into three gates or outlets. The upstream single line
conveyor feeds a continuous line of tin cans toward the center gate
defined by the vibrating pins. The downstream conveyor is run at
approximately one-third the rate of the upstream conveyor, such
that cans tend to collect on the dead plate. When cans back up
along the centerline, additional cans moving onto the dead plate
are deflected sideways by vibratory movement of the pins. The
eccentric rotation of the pins provides the vibratory action which
distributes the containers into two lines on either side of the
centerline defined between the pins.
Another apparatus for spreading containers from a single line into
three lines is found in Giulie U.S. Pat. No. 3,433,343. This patent
discloses a specially configured transfer plate that includes a
left-hand apron and a right-hand apron and a raised central
portion. The central portion is arcuately shaped along its side
edges so as to guide a can into either of two side lines. A
rejection device having a reciprocable finger is located on each
side at the end of the single line conveyor. The rejection devices
alternately push the cans to one side or the other of the raised
central section depending on which rejection device is energized.
When neither rejection device is energized, the can simply passes
onto the raised central section.
Another type of such apparatus is shown in Agnew U.S. Pat. No.
3,185,277. The cans are transferred from a single upstream chute to
either of two downstream chutes by means of a y-shaped divider.
Alternate cans in the incoming line, instead of being mechanically
pushed into one of the two downstream chutes are blown into the
desired downstream chute by selectively actuated air nozzles.
Still another type of apparatus is found in the Brady U.S. Pat. No.
3,685,632. This patent discloses a pneumatic spreader which
arranges a series of similar articles such as glass containers
moving in a single line arrangement into two or more ongoing lines.
The spreader includes an air table having a multiplicity of air
outlet ports in it and side guide rails that define a transfer area
on the air table. The air ports are positioned in at least a
left-hand apron and a right-hand apron, the outlets in the
respective aprons being directed generally downstream but angularly
away from those of the other apron. As articles pass over the air
table they float on a continuous air cushion and are distributed by
angulated air jets issuing from the ports into the plural ongoing
lines. A plate-like cover is positioned over the transfer area
closely above the tops of the articles so as to prevent them from
tipping or falling over as they are transferred from and to the
conveyor and move on an air cushion. Pegs are used to block flow of
articles past them and assist in the formation of defined container
lines.
These prior art spreader devices all provide minimal control in the
transfer of containers due to lack of control over contact and the
use of mechanical contact to guide the containers. Where air is
used it is used with such force that the air blast would create
undesirable movement of the containers both in direction and speed
to cause damage to the containers.
It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide an
improved air table arrangement where only air jets and gravity act
upon the containers for transport and movement thereof with minimal
mechanical contact or guidance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and
novel air table jet arrangement which will provide the necessary
stability of empty containers being handled thereby.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
air table arrangement which provides for positive splitting of a
mass of containers into two or more columns even to a single
file.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air table having a single file conveying zone at a
discharge end thereof wherein blow back air jets blow in the
opposite direction to the normal flow of the objects to cause them
to move toward the side rails and into single file.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air table having a cover with perforated portions and
solid portions which cooperate with the containers and/or side
walls on the table as a barrier to create selected high air
pressure zones and air flow paths to selectively move the
containers.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air table arrangement having a configuration of air jet
openings having not less than three such openings across the
dimension of the containers transported thereon every 90 degrees of
rotation.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air table arrangement wherein the air jet openings in the
surface thereof are positioned at an angle off normal to the
surface of from 3.degree. to 45.degree. and preferably from
5.degree. to 40.degree. in a downstream direction.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air table arrangement wherein the air jet openings are in
a configuration to provide not less than 4 jets engaging each
container conveyed thereon.
Another further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air table arrangement having a configuration of air jet
openings to provide not less than nine such openings engaging each
container at at least one position of the container conveyed
thereon.
Other objectives and advantages of this invention will be more
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of one embodiment of the present
invention used as a splitter arrangement;
FIG. 2 is a view along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view along line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of still another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a further embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 6 is a view along line 6--6 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a view along line 7--7 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the surface of the air table to an
enlarged scale showing a preferred arrangement of air jet
openings;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the surface of the air table showing
the effect of CFM in the control of containers; and,
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of an air table according
to this invention showing the use and determination of the air jet
angles which will give the desired transport control of containers
in an air conveyor system transporting containers from one station
to another to provide storage of containers in the event of a
stoppage for whatever reason.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 there is provided an air table 10
having a surface 12 perforated by a multitude of openings 14
therein through which air passes from an air supply duct or plenum
18, FIGS. 2 and 3, to support containers 16 on a cushion of air
within the container area 20, FIG. 3. A pair of guide rails 22,
FIGS. 2 and 3, of suitable material are positioned along the edges
19, FIG. 2, of the table and supported by posts 21. A cover 24 may
be provided over the air table usually of perforated or open mesh
configuration. The cover 24 is positioned relative to the air table
surface to receive the containers 16 and permit movement of the
containers therebetween. The air jet openings 14 are positioned at
an angle with respect to a line perpendicular to the surface 12 to
provide a force vector with forces acting both vertical and
parallel to the surface 12. The angle of the jet openings is found
to be in the range of from about 3.degree. to 45.degree. from the
vertical to the surface and preferably from about 5.degree. to
40.degree.. The jet opening size and the static pressure of the air
in the plenum 18 are chosen to provide the energy necessary to lift
and float the container and to also provide sufficient force acting
parallel to the containers to move same as desired. The pattern of
the jet openings 14 is preferably of a staggered configuration with
every other row of openings being offset as shown in FIG. 8. The
size of the jets is selected with respect to the static pressure of
the air supplied thereto to provide a vertical force sufficient to
lift and support a container to be transported. The jet angles are
selected to provide the parallel force component required to move
the containers at the desired speed. The jet velocity is selected
by varying the jet opening size and/or the static pressure present
in the supply duct. The jet velocity and volume (CFM) will vary
with the size of the jet at the same static pressure. The smaller
the jet opening, the lower the jet velocity and volume (CFM) at the
same static pressure. The pattern of the jet openings is preferably
symmetrical wherein the openings are located at the apexes of
successive rows of serially positioned alternately reversed
isosceles triangles. One configuration of air jet openings of an
operative embodiment of the air table according to this invention,
handling 12 ounce aluminum beverage cans with an effective cross
sectional area having a base diameter of 21/8 inches, was found to
be with jet openings 3/32" diameter located in rows of one inch on
centers with the rows being spaced one-half inch apart and the
centers of alternate rows being off-set by one-half inch.
Referring again to FIG. 1, portions of the cover 24 may be solid as
at 26. In a splitter configuration, as shown, a curved wall or stop
28 may be vertically positioned where it is desired to divide a
bulk mass of containers into two or more columns. The air issuing
from jets under the perforated cover 24 is allowed to escape
therethrough, however, wherever there is a solid cover 26, if the
containers are interrupted in their progress over the air table as
by vertical wall 28, pressure will build up between the containers
causing the containers to separate. The amount of separation is a
function of the static air pressure build up regulated by the
amount of air allowed to escape through the cover. FIG. 1 shows two
paths or areas 30 and 32 separated by the semi-cylindrical vertical
wall 28 positioned beneath solid cover portion 26. When the bulk of
containers 16 reaches the vertical wall 28, the solid cover 26
causes a build up of air pressure between those cans 16 thereunder.
In the absence of restraint, the cans will separate and divide into
two columns and pass to either side of wall 28. If an impediment
occurs in the container flow on one of the two sides, such as the
stoppage or delay downstream as at 32, the containers will move to
the opposite side of the table where they will continue to feed
into 30. The feeding continues without pressure being exerted on
the delayed column 32. Here again, the present invention makes use
of the generation and maintenance of a pressure zone between
containers greater than ambient pressure to separate and maintain
the containers apart during the handling operation as in my U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 947,441.
The exhaust volume (CFM) of air issuing from the air table also
plays an important part in the control and handling of containers
thereby. Guide rails 22 are combined with the containers to form a
baffle and control the escape of air from the sides of the table.
The guide rails 22 are shown as being open to permit air to readily
escape, however, the guides may be semi-closed or completely closed
if desired to control the mass flow of air to assist in the control
of the flow of containers. As exemplified in FIG. 9 where there is
shown an elongate air table 10, partly broken away to conserve
space, a mass of containers 16 have collected at the right-hand
portion thereof. The containers 16 have been introduced in a single
file along the lower portion of the table; however, the mass air
flow or volume of air (CFM), over the surface of the table plus the
closure of the side by the incoming containers, will cause the
containers to drift across the table toward the upper portion and
more or less uniformly distribute the containers across the width
of the air table. Thus, the volume of air (CFM) provides a means
for the air table to be self-balancing or self-regulating such as
to maintain the table balanced even when the flow of containers
from the table surface is halted. As seen in FIG. 9, the air volume
(CFM) will cause the containers to move either parallel or
perpendicular to the angle of the air jets 14 as where the
containers move across the air table. The containers on the side
located at the bottom of the figure form a barrier against escape
of air along the side and directs the air flow across the table
towards the side near the top of the figure. This will cause the
containers to follow a similar path to fill any void in the rear of
the mass of containers. Also the mass of containers may be made to
follow predetermined paths by providing solid sides at desired
locations. It will be understood that the solid portions of the
cover create higher air pressure zones thereunder which serve as
air barriers to divert or direct the containers to the lower air
pressure areas below the perforated cover portions. These covered
portions and the cans and side barriers all cooperate, as
described, to further increase the differential pressure in the
higher pressure zone and to selectively direct the lateral flow of
air across the table. Thus, by selective use of side baffles and
closed and perforated cover portions any desired moment of the
containers can be effected. Thus, the containers and cover with
solid portions and perforated portions cooperate so that a valving
action is created through the cover opening or perforations due to
container movement along the air table to control and adjust the
zones of higher air pressure to move the containers along and
across the table in a predetermined and desired fashion. The mass
of air (CFM) issuing from the air jets is utilized to move or herd
the containers en masse. The speed of individual containers is
regulated by the volume of air (CFM) issuing from jet openings
ahead or downstream of the containers and the angle of the jet
openings is selected in accordance with the speed of transport of
the containers desired.
The use of a perforated or open cover 24 as in FIG. 1 with portions
thereof being solid allows escape of air through the cover except
for the solid portions. Here the escape is only to the side or
through the perforated cover beyond the solid portion. The
containers entering under a solid portion will pass directly
through the area under the solid cover in the direction of travel;
however, if the air table is full and in a static condition, not
all of the air beneath the solid portions of the cover will be able
to escape except from between the containers which will cause
considerable separation of the containers due to the higher than
ambient pressure zone produced therebetween.
As seen in FIG. 1, there is the combined effect of a solid cover 26
with a cylindrical vertical wall 28. When positioned within the
area of the mass conveying zone 20, FIG. 3, of the air table the
articles being conveyed will be divided into two or more distinct
conveying zones or columns 30 and 32 that can be guided either
parallel or perpendicular to container mass flow for separation and
delivery left and right as desired. Each conveying zone is defined
on either side by guide rails 22. Should one or more of the
conveying zones become inoperable, the splitter 26 and wall 28
would direct the full flow of the mass of containers being conveyed
into the operable conveying zone or zones. Should all of the
conveying zones be operable but at different speeds or on an
intermediate demand basis, the splitter 26 will automatically
monitor each respective conveying zone and supply the required
number of containers to meet the demand in each conveying zone.
This is all accomplished automatically without special
controls.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown another embodiment of the
present invention with the air table 10 provided with a surface 12
having air jet openings 14 therein inclined at an angle of from
3.degree. to 45.degree., preferably from about 5.degree. to
40.degree., from the vertical and slanted in a downstream
direction, which in FIG. 4 is from the right to the left of the
drawing. The jet openings are sized and patterned with respect to
the effective or base diameter of the containers such that from at
least four or more to about nine jet openings are under each
container 16 during the transport thereof, FIG. 8. The air table 10
is provided with an open mesh cover 24 for the air to escape after
issuing from jets 14. A solid cover portion 26 is positioned at the
downstream end of the air table and has a centrally located finger
27 with a rounded end projecting upstream. A plenum 40 is formed
under the finger 27 by means of side walls 34 and 35 having therein
downstream directed jets 36 and 37 respectively and having a solid
end 33. As best seen in FIG. 6, a double row of jet openings 42a
and 42b are provided in the surface of the air table along each
side coextensive with side walls 34 and 35 with a plenum 44a on one
side and a similar plenum (not shown) on the other side providing a
connection of the jets to a source of air under pressure. In like
manner, a single row of air jet openings are provided in the
otherwise solid cover 26 along the respective downstream sides
within plenums 48a and 48b such as jet openings 46a in plenum 48a)
providing a connection thereof to a source of air under pressure. A
pair of guide rails 22 are positioned along each side of the air
table and supported by posts 21. To either side of the base of the
finger 27 a plurality of blowback jets 50 and 51 are provided,
respectively, in walls 52a and 52b which are positioned transverse
of the air table. Jets 50 and 51 may be supplied by the same source
of air connected to plenum 40 or by a separate source as desired. A
solid transverse end wall 54 cooperates with walls 52a and 52b to
provide an air conduit to supply air to jets 50 and 51 as well as
jets 36 and 37.
In operation the containers 16 enter the air table from the right
and are lifted and moved to the left by air issuing from the jets
14. When the containers in the center of the mass progress under
the solid cover of the finger 27, the air which would normally
escape from between the containers through the mesh cover 24 is
trapped between the containers creating a pressure zone
therebetween. The containers are caused to separate and be directed
either right or left of the finger 27. The containers will then be
picked up by the jets of air from jet openings 37 or 36 in walls 35
and 34, respectively, and moved against the guide rails 22 on each
side as at 16a and 16b. The air jets issuing from jets 42a and 46a
on the other side move the cans into a single file and the air
issuing from air jets 50 and 51 assist in moving the containers 16a
and 16b into contact with guide rails 22.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown another embodiment of the
air table 10 of the present invention providing a single file feed
at right angles to the general container flow. The air table is
provided with a surface 12 having a plurality of jet openings 14
therein inclined at an angle of from 3.degree. to 45.degree.,
preferably from about 5.degree. to 40.degree. from the vertical and
slanted in a downstream direction. The jet openings are sized and
patterned with respect to the effective or base diameter of the
containers such that from at least four or more to about nine jet
openings are under each container 16 during the transportation
thereof. Air is supplied to the jet openings by means of plenum 18,
FIG. 7, connected to a suitable source of air under pressure. Guide
rails 22 are provided on each side of the air table and are
supported by posts 21. The sides having guide rails 22 are open
along the top and bottom of FIG. 5 and solid side walls 60 and 62
provide a baffle along the sides adjoining and to the left of the
open sides formed by the guide rails 22. The side wall 62 is
provided with a series of air jet openings 64 therein slanted in a
downstream direction. The air jet openings to the very left as at
23 may be at a different angle to facilitate container handling.
The left or discharge end of the air table is provided with a pair
of guide rails 22 supported by spaced posts 21 defining an open
wall. The air jet openings 64 in side 62 are connected to a source
of air under pressure via plenum 68 and conduit 70. Another pair of
guide rails 22 are supported by spaced posts 21 to define an open
wall and are positioned in spaced parallel relation to the other
guide rails at the end of the air table to cooperate therewith to
provide a single container channel 74 therebetween. The air table
10 is provided with a perforated cover 24 except for the discharge
end which is provided with a solid cover 26 that extends to cover
channel 74 as well.
In operation, the embodiment of FIG. 5 moves containers to the left
in the drawing where air from jets 64 push the containers towards
the top of the figure and the containers pass beneath the solid
cover 26 which serves as a buffer storage while containers are
urged into any opening found in the line of containers to form a
single file for discharge towards the bottom of the figure through
channel 74.
Referring now to FIG. 8 there is shown a portion of the surface 12
of the air table 10 to an enlarged scale showing one pattern of the
air jet openings in relation to the containers 16 to be conveyed or
otherwise handled thereby. It has been found that for satisfactory
operation and stability in the transport and handling of containers
that a minimum of at least four (4) jets 14 are required to impinge
on the effective bottom or base of the container at any one time.
As shown, the pattern of jet openings in a preferred embodiment is
on one inch centers with alternate rows being one-half inch apart
and centers offset by one-half inch. By way of illustration and not
limitation, the sizes of the jet openings tested were 3/32"
diameter, 7/64" diameter and 1/8" diameter and air jets were
working against a 12 ounce aluminum can weighing 14.1 grams, having
an effective bottom or base diameter of 21/8". A minimum pressure
of 0.3 of an inch static pressure was required to lift a container
producing jet velocities of 1200 feet per minute, 1450 feet per
minute and 1550 feet per minute, respectively at 0.3 inch static
pressure. At 0.4 inch static pressure, the jet velocities were
found to be 1450, 1700 and 1800 FPM, respectively, and at 0.5 inch
static pressure the jet velocities were found to be 1500, 1900 and
2100 FPM, respectively. In those situations, where the volume flow
or cubic feet per minute of air issuing from the jet openings is of
importance such as where the CFM is acting upon a mass flow to
assist movement thereof, a large diameter jet will provide an
increased CFM for the same velocity. For example, with 3/32 inch
jet openings with a velocity of 1500 FPM velocity, the CFM is about
0.072. Where the jet openings are 1/8" diameter, the CFM is about
0.128 at a jet velocity of 1500 FPM. Where an increase in velocity
is desired with a minimum increase in air volume, CFM, the velocity
of the air from the jets can be increased by an increase in the
static pressure.
With the air table jet opening pattern of FIG. 8 it is seen that
there is always a minimum of four (4) jet openings 14 underlying
and acting on the effective bottom or base area of a container at
any one time and upon movement of the container in any direction an
increase in the number of air jets acting upon the container is
provided. In the minimum configuration of jet openings up to at
least nine (9) jet openings may be acting on a single container at
any one time. Thus, it is an important aspect of the present
invention to provide an air table surface with air jet openings
therein in a pattern and dimensioned with respect to the container
to be acted upon such that there are always at least four (4) jet
openings acting upon the container with an increasing number of jet
openings of at least nine (9) or more jet openings acting upon the
container as the container moves with respect to the table surface.
It will be appreciated that while a minimum of at least four (4)
jet openings must be acting on a container to provide stable
transport of the container, an increased number of jets will
provide even greater stability. A container pattern going from a
minimum of four (4) air jets acting on a container to a pattern of
nine (9) air jets and returning to a pattern again of four (4) air
jets acting on the container is found to be a preferred jet opening
pattern for satisfactory operation. A greater number of jets will
be even better. This pattern will repeat itself a number of times
in the transporting of a container across the surface of the air
table. It will be recognized that the use of many small air jets
operating on a very low static pressure is to be preferred as
small, closely spaced jets provide a more uniform flotation of
containers with a minimum of CFM usage.
Referring more to FIG. 10, there is represented a diagram of a
conveyor system using the air table of the present invention to
transport containers from one station 80 to another station 82 via
an air table conveyor made up of intermediate sections of air table
84 and 86. For example, station 80 might be a mechanical device,
such as a washer having a width of 96 inches through which
containers 16 travel at a linear velocity of about 6 feet per
minute. The containers exit station 80 in a straight line to air
table section 84, which is 24 inches wide and 4 feet in length
wherein the containers are to travel at a linear velocity of about
25 feet per minute and exit at right angles to air table section
86, which is 12 inches wide and 10 feet in length. The movement of
containers from section 84 to section 86 may be by a construction
like that shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. The containers 16 are to travel
in section 86 at a linear velocity of about 56 feet per minute. The
containers then exit into section 88 which is 72 inches wide and 50
feet long. The containers travel in section 88 at about, 9 feet per
minute and exit to station 82 which may be a single filer like that
disclosed and claimed in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,182,586 issued Jan. 8,
1980. The angle of the air jets is important since the horizontal
force vector thereof determines the velocity the containers are
transferred. In the example of FIG. 10 the section 88 is useful to
provide a storage of the containers where a stoppage of flow of
containers received by station 82 occurs.
The air jets in the surface table 10 as used in sections 80, 84, 86
and 88 are selectively chosen as to size and angle to provide
desired transport of containers while operating at roughly the same
static pressure of air supplied thereto. The vertical force vector
of air from the air jets is determined by the static pressure of
the air in conjunction with the velocity of the air required to
lift a container. Consider the transport of a 12 ounce steel can
weighing 34.2 grams with the transport of a 12 ounce aluminum can
weighing 14.1 grams. Because the steel can is heavier a greater jet
velocity is required to lift the can. If the same jet size is used
a higher static pressure in the plenum would produce a greater jet
velocity; however, this would also result in a greater volume of
air (CFM). As the steel can and the aluminum can are the same size
they will require the same amount of CFM. To provide the jet
velocity necessary to lift and float the heavier steel can, a
reduction of the jet diameter is required to maintain the same CFM
at a higher static pressure in the supply duct.
A minimum CFM is required per square inch of the effective bottom
of a can. When this figure is divided by the number of jets acting
on the bottom, this indicates the CFM of air required from each
jet. Based on the jet velocity required, the size of the jet
openings can be determined to provide the necessary CFM with a
given static pressure.
The static pressure is selected and maintained constant in
conjunction with the predetermined jet size to lift a predetermined
weight. This is accomplished by the vertical force vector of the
jets. The horizontal force vector is selected according to the
transport velocity and the angle of the air jets is selected to
provide with the predetermined jet diameter and static pressure,
the desired horizontal transport velocity of the cans.
The following are the steps to arrive at a proper design:
1. The weight of an object to be transported is determined.
2. Establish the jet velocity necessary to lift the object.
3. Determine the volume of air (CFM) required to float the object
acted upon, the velocity of the air jet and the volume of air
(CFM).
4. Determine the desired flow rate of the objects (FPM).
5. Determine the angle of the air jets required to produce the
horizontal force vector to move the objects at a predetermined flow
rate.
Referring again to FIG. 10, 12 ounce aluminum cans 16 are coming
off a washer or the like to about 6 feet/minute and flow onto
section 84 selected to run at 25 feet/minute. Section 84 is
provided with jet openings of 3/32 inches in diameter and air at a
static pressure of 0.5 is supplied thereto. It is determined that a
horizontal force vector of 208 feet/minute is required and that
with the particular jet size and static pressure (will be
substantially constant over the entire system), the jet angle to
provide the desired flow rate of 25 feet/minute is 10 degrees.
In like manner, the flow rate in section 86 is selected to be 56
feet/minute under the same conditions. Here it is determined that a
horizontal force vector of 467 feet/minute is necessary to provide
the desired flow rate. Here it is determined that with the same
static pressure the jet angle to provide the desired flow rate of
56 feet/minute is 18 degrees.
Similarly, the flow rate in section 88 is selected to be 9
feet/minute under the same conditions. Here it is determined that a
horizontal force vector of 75 feet/minute is necessary to provide
the desired object flow rate and the jet angle to provide the
desired flow rate is 3 degrees. Thus, it is seen that when the rate
of transport is selected to achieve the selected transport rate.
Also, the transport rate may be selected to be different in
different sections or even within the same section. For example, in
section 88 of FIG. 10, it may be desirable to have a higher rate of
transfer at the beginning or lefthand end such as perhaps 20
feet/minute. Thus, this portion of section 88 may be provided with
air jets at an angle to provide this rate. By means of selecting
the jet angles it is possible to design a system which will meet
specific requirements in the transport of objects. If the single
filer 82 were to shut down, the containers would accumulate in
section 88 until the stoppage is cleared. On the other hand, if the
washer is stopped, the containers will continue to feed through the
transport system to the single filer.
While there have been described what at present are considered to
be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious
to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications
may be made therein without departing from the invention. It is
aimed therefore, in the appended claims to cover all such changes
and modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of
the invention.
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