U.S. patent number PP33,636 [Application Number 16/939,591] was granted by the patent office on 2021-11-16 for strawberry plant named `cordial`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America, as represented by The Secretary of Agriculture. The grantee listed for this patent is The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture, The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture. Invention is credited to John M. Enns, Kimberly S. Lewers.
United States Patent |
PP33,636 |
Lewers , et al. |
November 16, 2021 |
Strawberry plant named `Cordial`
Abstract
This invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of
strawberry named `Cordial`. The new late-season cultivar is
primarily characterized by the uniformity and symmetry of fruit
shape and size, evenness of color, glossiness of fruit skin,
freshness and health of calyx, being free of physiologically-based
blemishes such sun scald, bronzing, and rain damage and shelf life
of the fruit.
Inventors: |
Lewers; Kimberly S. (Columbia,
MD), Enns; John M. (Hyattsville, MD) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of
Agriculture |
Washington |
DC |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
The United States of America, as
represented by The Secretary of Agriculture (Washington,
DC)
|
Appl.
No.: |
16/939,591 |
Filed: |
July 27, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/208 |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/08 (20180101); A01H 6/74 (20180101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/208,209 |
Primary Examiner: Hwu; June
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fado; John D. McNemar; Mark D.
Claims
We claim:
1. A new and distinct cultivar of strawberry plant named `Cordial`,
substantially as illustrated and described herein.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: `Cordial`
is a new strawberry plant that is Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex
Rozier.
Variety denomination: The new strawberry plant claimed is of the
variety denominated `Cordial` Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex
Rozier.
BACKGROUND OF THE NEW PLANT
The present invention relates to a new and distinct strawberry
cultivar designated `Cordial` and botanically known as Fragaria x
ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier. This new strawberry cultivar was
discovered in Beltsville, Md., in Spring 2013 and originated from a
cross between the female parent B1893 (unpatented) and the male
parent B1805 (unpatented). The original seedling of the new
cultivar was asexually propagated in Beltsville since 2013 by
rooting daughter plants from stolons of the mother plant. The
present invention has been found to be stable and reproduce true to
type through successive asexual propagations rooting daughter
plants from stolons.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE NEW PLANT
The cultivar `Cordial` has not been observed under all possible
environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with
variations in environment such as temperature, day length, and
light intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are
determined to be the unique characteristics of `Cordial`. These
characteristics in combination distinguish `Cordial` as a new and
distinct Fragaria cultivar: 1. Late season. 2. Resistant to
anthracnose fruit rot (Colletotrichum acutatum). 3. Excellent fruit
quality in storage (shelf life). 4. High yield.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
This new strawberry plant is illustrated by the accompanying
photographs that show the flowers, fruit and entire plants; the
colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by
conventional photographic procedures.
FIG. 1 shows `Cordial` plant size is smaller than that of `Ovation`
and `Allstar` while flowering, with 30.5 cm spacing, in annual
plasticulture.
FIG. 2 shows some `Cordial` terminal flowers are above the canopy,
but some are below.
FIG. 3 shows a single `Cordial` flowering truss.
FIG. 4 shows `Cordial` stigma color is more yellow-orange than that
of `Ovation` and `Allstar`.
FIG. 5 shows typical `Cordial` fruit at various ripening
stages.
FIG. 6 shows two containers of `Cordial` fruit photographed two
years apart in different outdoor lighting conditions. In one
container of fruit on opaque background.
FIG. 7 shows typical halved fruits of `Cordial` (left), `Allstar`
(center), and `Ovation` (right), with `Cordial` flesh having more
uniform coloring.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW CULTIVAR
The following description of `Cordial` is based on observations
taken from 2015 through 2018 growing seasons in evaluations in
Beltsville, Md. This description is in accordance with UPOV
terminology. Color designations, color descriptions, and other
phenotypical descriptions may deviate from the stated values and
descriptions, depending on variation in environmental, seasonal,
climatic, and cultural conditions. `Cordial` has not been observed
under all possible environmental conditions. The botanical
description of `Cordial` was taken from plants nine months after
establishment in the field. Color terminology follows The Royal
Horticultural Society Colour Chart, London (1986).
`Cordial` fruit are suitable for shipping and fresh-market use,
based on a combination of the marketability ratings after
refrigerated storage, fruit firmness, and fruit skin toughness. The
percent of fruit still at marketable quality (no rot and very
little degradation) after refrigerated storage was 86% (1 week) and
52% (2 weeks) for `Cordial`, compared with 37% and 10% for
`Allstar`, and 52% and 15% for `Ovation`.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
Table 1 shows selected characteristics of the new cultivar compared
with plant characteristics of `Allstar` and `Ovation`.
Characteristics include inflorescence position, stigma color,
anther number, harvest maturity, weight of fruit, yield, firmness
of flesh, and evenness of flesh color.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Characteristic `Cordial` `All star`
`Ovation` Inflorescence Slightly below Slightly below At or
slightly position to above canopy below canopy canopy Stigma color
Yellow-Orange Yellow-Orange Yellow-Orange Group 22A Group 22B Group
20B Anther number 33.2 24.6 22.2 Harvest maturity Early June Late
May Early June (50% of plant with ripe fruit) Weight of fruit (g)
18.5 10.0 13.9 Yield (kg/plant) 0.79 0.61 0.54 Firmness of flesh
Firm Medium to Medium to firm firm Evenness of flesh Somewhat Not
even Uneven color even
Table 2 shows plant characteristics of the new cultivar compared
with plant characteristics of `Allstar` and `Ovation`. Plant
characteristics include plant height, diameter, number of crowns
per plant, habit, density of individual plants and vigor.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Characteristic `Cordial` `All star`
`Ovation` Plant height (cm) 27.2 31.4 28 Plant diameter (cm) 41.3
47.5 49.2 Number of crowns 3.8, 3 to 4 4.7, 3 to 6 4.7, 3 to 7
plant Habit Upright open Upright open Upright open globose globose
globose Density of Medium Medium Medium individual plant Vigor
Medium to strong Medium Strong
Table 3 shows leaf characteristics of the new cultivar compared
with leaf characteristics of `Allstar` and `Ovation`. Leaf
characteristics include leaf type, leaf shape. leaf length, leaf
width, terminal leaflet length, terminal leaflet width, terminal
leaflet length to width ratio, leaf margins, shape of teeth, leaf
serrations per leaflet, upper and lower leaf surface color, number
of leaflets, terminal leaflet apex shape, terminal leaflet base
shape, glossiness upper side leaf surface, texture upper side leaf
surface, texture underside leaf surface and leaf arrangement.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Characteristic `Cordial` `All star`
`Ovation` Leaf type Semi-evergreen Semi-evergreen Semi-evergreen
Leaf shape Trifoliolate Trifoliolate with Trifoliolate with ovate
ovate leaflets with ovate leaflets touching to leaflets touching to
overlapping touching to overlapping overlapping Leaf length 12.3
13.6 13.6 (cm) Leaf width 22.0 16.9 16.7 (cm) Terminal 10.8 9.4 9.3
leaflet length (cm) Terminal 9.4 8.2 7.8 leaflet width (cm)
Terminal 1.2 1.2 1.2 leaflet length/ width ratio Leaf margins
Serrate Serrate Serrate Shape of teeth Apiculate Apiculate
Apiculate Leaf serrations 28.6 27.3 22.7 per leaflet Color mature
Green Group Green Group Green Group leaves lower 137C 137C 137C
surface Color mature Green Group Green Group Green Group leaves
upper 137A 137A 137A surface Number of 3 3 3 leaflets Terminal
Obtuse Obtuse Obtuse leaflet apex shape Terminal Accute cuneate
Accute cuneate Accute cuneate leaflet base shape Glossiness
Semi-gloss Semi-gloss Semi-gloss upper side leaf surface Texture
Very slightly Very slightly Very slightly upper side rugose rugose
rugose leaf surface Texture Very slightly Very slightly Very
slightly underside leaf reticulate reticulate reticulate surface
Leaf Individual Individual Individual arrangement trifoliate leaves
trifoliate leaves trifoliate leaves attached to attached to
attached to compressed compressed compressed stem (crown) stem
(crown) stem (crown) at ground at ground at ground level level
level
Table 4 shows information about the petiole, the petiolule, the
bract and the stipule of the new cultivar compared to `Allstar` and
`Ovation`. This includes petiole length, petiole diameter, petiole
texture, petiole pubescence, petiole color, petiolule color,
petiolule length, bract frequency, bract color designation, stipule
length, stipule width, stipule color designation and anthocyanin
intensity.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Characteristic `Cordial` `All star`
`Ovation` Leaf petiole 18.0 24.2 21.0 length (cm) Petiole diameter
0.5 0.5 0.4 (cm) Petiole texture Smooth Smooth Smooth Petiole
Medium Sparse Sparse pubescence Petiole color Yellow Green Yellow
Green Yellow Green Group 144B Group 144C Group 144B with some
anthocyanin Petiolule color Yellow Green Yellow Green Yellow Green
Group 144B Group 144C Group 144B Petiolule length 0.4 0.8 0.4 (cm)
Bract frequency 2 per 2 per 1 to 2 per inflorescence,
inflorescence, inflorescence, generally generally generally
unifoliate unifoliate unifoliate Bract color Yellow-Green
Yellow-Green Yellow-Green 147A 147A 147B Stipule length 2.4 2.3 1.9
(cm) Stipule width 0.8 0.8 0.6 (cm) Stipule color Absent to Very
weak Medium very weak to weak Anthocyanin Red 46B over Red 46B over
Red 46B over intensity Yellow-Green Yellow-Green Yellow-Green 144C
144C 144C
Table 5 shows stolon characteristics of the new cultivar compared
to `Allstar` and `Ovation`. These characteristics include the
number of stolons, the anthocyanin coloration of the stolons, the
thickness of the stolons, and the pubescence of the stolons.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Characteristic `Cordial` `All star`
`Ovation` Stolon production 9 10 11 Stolon anthocyanin Medium Light
Medium Stolon thickness (cm) 0.3 0.3 0.2 Stolon pubescence Sparse
to Sparse Sparse to medium medium
Table 6 shows inflorescence characteristics of the new cultivar
compared to `Allstar` and `Ovation`. These characteristics include
inflorescence position relative to foliage, flower type, flower
size, petal shape, relative petal spacing, petal apex shape, petal
margin, petal base shape, petal length, petal width, petal
length/width ratio, number of petals, petal color, stigma color,
style color, anther color, filament color, flower truss type, and
anther number.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Characteristic `Cordial` `All star`
`Ovation` Inflorescence Slightly below Slightly below At or
slightly position to slightly canopy below canopy above canopy
Flower type Complete Complete Complete simple simple simple Flower
diameter 3.6 3.7 3.4 (cm) Petal shape Circular to Circular to
Circular to obovate obovate obovate Petal spacing Touching to
Touching to Overlapping overlapping overlapping Petal apex shape
Circular Circular Circular Petal margin Entire Entire Entire Petal
base shape Obovate Obovate Obovate Petal length (cm) 13.0 13.0 12.7
Petal width (cm) 11.6 12.5 12.2 Petal length/ 1.13 1.04 1.00 width
ratio Petal count 8.0 7.2 7.2 Petal color White Group White Group
White Group 155D 155D 155D Stigma color Yellow-Orange Yellow-Orange
Yellow-Orange Group 22A Group 22B Group 20B Style color
Yellow-Green Yellow-Green Yellow-Green Group 150A Group 150B Group
150A Anther color Yellow-Orange Yellow-Orange Yellow-Orange Group
20A Group 20A Group 20A Filament color Yellow-Green Yellow-Green
Yellow-Green Group 150C Group 150D Group 150D Blooming habit Spring
bloomer Spring bloomer Spring bloomer Anther number 33.2 24.6
22.2
Table 7 shows fruit characteristics of the new cultivar compared to
`Allstar` and `Ovation`. These characteristics include number of
berries per truss, fruiting truss attitude, fruit length, fruit
diameter, fruit length/width ratio, fruit weight, relative fruit
size, predominant fruit shape, difference in shape between primary
and secondary fruit, fruit glossiness, fruit core color, fruit
cavity size, band without achenes, evenness of fruit surface, top
color, non-blush side color, blush side color, internal color,
achene color, achene count per fruit, calyx color, insertion of
calyx, pose of calyx segments, size of calyx in relation to fruit,
ease of calyx removal, firmness of flesh, evenness of flesh color,
distribution of flesh color, sweetness, acidity, Brix, pH,
titratable acidity, texture when tasted, time of flowering, harvest
maturity (50% of plants with ripe fruit), type of bearing, and
yield.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Characteristic `Cordial` `All star`
`Ovation` Number of 9.2 11.3 13.5 berries per fruiting truss
Fruiting truss Prostrate Prostrate Prostrate attitude Diameter 4.8
4.3 3.5 fruit (cm) Length fruit 4.2 4.3 4.2 (cm) Ratio fruit 0.9
1.0 1.2 length/width Weight of 18.5 10.0 13.9 fruit (g) Relative
Medium to Medium Medium to fruit size Large Large Predominant Conic
to Conic Conic fruit shape globose conic Difference in Slight, more
Moderate Moderate shap ebetween uniform primary and secondary
fruits Fruit glossiness Strong Strong Strong Fruit core color Light
red Light red Light red Fruit cavity size Absent to small Absent to
small Absent to small Band without Absent to very Absent to Absent
to achenes narrow moderate moderate Evenness of Very even Even to
slightly Even to slightly fruit surface uneven uneven Color of top
Red Group 45A Red Group 44A Red Group 45A of fruit Non-blush Red
Group 44A Orange-Red Red Group 44A side color Group 33A Blush side
Red Group 45A Red Group 45A Red Group 45A color Internal Orange-Red
Orange-Red Orange-Red flesh color Group 33A 33B, Group 33A Group
33A White 155D 33B 33C, 33B, Orange-White White 155D Group 159D
Achene At surface At surface At surface position Achene color
Yellow-Green Greyed-Yellow Greyed-Yellow Group 153B, Group 160A,
Group 160B, Red Group 45A Red Group 45A Red Group 45A Achene count
519 397 248 Insertion of At surface At surface slightly At surface
to calyx necked slightly necked Calyx color Yellow-Green
Yellow-Green Yellow-Green 148B 148B 148B Pose of calyx Reflexed to
Reflexed to Reflexed to segments spreading clasping spreading Size
of calyx Same to larger Same to slightly Slightly smaller in
relation to larger to slightly fruit larger Ease of calyx Difficult
Difficult Difficult removal Firmness of Firm Medium to firm Medium
to firm flesh Evenness of Somewhat Not even Uneven flesh color even
Distribution Orange-red Relatively large Orange-red of flesh color
heart, slightly light orange-red heart, white darker exterior,
heart, very pale ring, orange white near the ring and lines red
exterior, proximal end radiating to with visible achenes, orange
lines towards red exterior, each achene Sweetness Medium Medium
Medium Acidity Mild Mild Mild Brix (percent 7.6 7.5 7.8 soluble
solids) pH 3.79 3.85 3.55 Texture when Fine and juicy Fine and
juicy Fine and juicy tasted Time of April to May April to May April
to May flowering Harvest Early June Late May Early June maturity
(50% of plant with ripe fruit) Type of Short Day/June Short
Day/June Short Day/June bearing Bearing Bearing Bearing Yield (kg/
0.79 0.61 0.54 plant)
COMPARISON WITH PARENTAL AND OTHER CULTIVARS
When `Cordial` is compared to female parent, B1893 (unpatented),
the fruits are less susceptible to Botrytis fruit rot (Botrytis
cinerea). When `Cordial` is compared to male parent, B1805
(unpatented), a full sibling of `Keepsake` (U.S. Plant Pat. No.
30,578), the fruits are more resistant to anthracnose fruit rot
(Colletotrichum acutatum) and produce more stolons (runners).
`Cordial` plants respond to powdery mildew (Spaerotheca macularis),
leaf blight (Phomopsis obscurans), leaf scorch (Diplocarpon
earliana), and common leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae)
similarly to those of `Allstar` and are less susceptible than
`Ovation` plants. `Cordial` plants respond to bacterial angular
leafspot (Xanthomonas fragariae) similarly to those of `Ovation`
and are less susceptible than `Allstar` plants.
* * * * *