U.S. patent number PP31,076 [Application Number 15/932,166] was granted by the patent office on 2019-11-19 for crabapple tree named `jfs kw214mx`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co.. The grantee listed for this patent is J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co.. Invention is credited to Keith S. Warren.
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00001.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00002.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00003.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00004.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00005.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00006.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00007.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00008.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00009.png)
![](/patent/grant/PP031076/USPP031076-20191119-D00010.png)
United States Patent |
PP31,076 |
Warren |
November 19, 2019 |
Crabapple tree named `JFS KW214MX`
Abstract
A variety of crabapple which combines a combination of a narrow,
upright columnar growth habit, short internodes resulting in
compact growth, attractive white flowers, slightly glossy dark
green foliage, persistent red fruit, and a strong resistance to the
diseases fireblight and apple scab.
Inventors: |
Warren; Keith S. (Gresham,
OR) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co. |
Boring |
OR |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co.
(Boring, OR)
|
Family
ID: |
67541372 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/932,166 |
Filed: |
February 14, 2018 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20190254206 P1 |
Aug 15, 2019 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/173 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
6/7418 (20180501) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/08 (20180101); A01H 6/74 (20180101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/173 |
Primary Examiner: Robinson; Keith O.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Klarquist Sparkman, LLP
Claims
I claim:
1. A new and distinct variety of crabapple tree, as herein
illustrated and described.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed:
Malus.
Variety denomination: `JFS KW214MX`.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the fall of 1999, I collected open pollinated fruit from 21
experimental crabapple seedling trees, none of which were patented
or introduced, and all of which have been subsequently destroyed. I
extracted seed from these fruits and sowed the seed into seedbeds
in a nursery in Boring, Oreg. I grew the resulting seedlings during
the summer of 2000, then dug and transplanted them into a bed on
wider spacing in the spring of 2001. During the late spring and
summer of 2001, I inoculated these seedlings with apple scab fungus
and I marked all seedlings showing infection for destruction. From
this transplant bed, I kept and transplanted 1015 seedling trees
that showed a degree of resistance to apple scab. During the summer
of 2003, I selected a compact, upright, green-leafed tree that
demonstrated moderately strong resistance to apple scab and I named
it `KW-78MX` (unpatented). I transplanted the `KW-78MX` tree into
an evaluation block in March of 2004. I evaluated `KW-78MX` over
the next two years and decided that, while its upright form was
important for future breeding and selection, it was not good enough
for introduction because its white flowers were slightly small
compared to existing commercial cultivars and its fruits were too
large for landscape use. All of these trees were grown in the same
Boring, Oreg. nursery.
In the fall of 2006, I collected open pollinated fruit from the
`KW-78MX` tree. From these, I extracted seed and sowed the seed in
beds. I obtained 273 seedlings generated from the seed from the
`KW-78MX` tree. I transplanted these seedlings on wider spacing in
a nursery bed in the spring of 2008, inoculated these seedlings
with apple scab and evaluated them for disease resistance. From
this bed, I kept 33 open pollinated seedling trees from the seed
from the `KW-78MX` tree that showed resistance to apple scab and
healthy foliage and I destroyed the others. These 33 seedling trees
were planted in April of 2009 on wider spacing in a nursery row for
further evaluation. During the summer of 2011, I selected five
trees from these 33 open pollinated seedlings with unusually
columnar growth habits. In the spring of 2012, I transplanted these
five trees to a long term evaluation block and destroyed the other
28.
Of these five trees, one, which I named `JFS KW214MX` possessed an
outstanding and unique combination of a strongly columnar habit,
slightly glossy dark green foliage, attractive white flowers,
relatively small, persistent red fruit, strong resistance to apple
scab and fireblight diseases. The `JFS KW214MX` tree is the subject
of this description. Of the other four trees, three have been
rejected in the selection process for disease susceptibility and
inferior foliage quality, but have been retained in the row for
possible future breeding. One additional tree of these five
columnar selections has been named `JFS KW213MX` and is the subject
of U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 15/932,167. All of the
above trees were grown and selected in the same Boring, Oreg.
nursery.
In the summers of 2011, 2013, and 2014, I collected propagating
wood from the original `JFS KW214MX` tree and directed asexual
propagation by budding onto Malus rootstock in small experimental
plots in a Canby, Oreg. nursery. This propagation resulted in 9, 8,
and 10 trees, respectively. I evaluated these propagated trees in
subsequent years and determined that these asexually propagated
trees show that the characteristics of my new tree are firmly fixed
and identical to my original tree in every manner that has been
observed. Of these propagated trees, all were destroyed after
evaluation except for one that was budded in 2011 which was planted
in the same Boring, Oreg. evaluation block as the original
tree.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This new cultivar possesses a unique combination of characteristics
that have proven firmly fixed in asexually propagated progeny and
that comprise a combination of a narrow, upright columnar growth
habit, short internodes resulting in compact growth, attractive
white flowers, slightly glossy green foliage, relatively small,
persistent red fruit, and strong resistance to the diseases
fireblight and apple scab.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The colors of an illustration of this type may vary with lighting
conditions and, therefore, color characteristics of this new
variety should be determined with reference to the observations
described herein, rather than from these illustrations alone.
FIG. 1: Shows the original tree at 7 years old with summer foliage
illustrating its narrow upright columnar shape
FIG. 2: Shows the original tree in flower at 10 years of age.
FIG. 3: Shows a close-up of the flowers on the original tree.
FIG. 4: Shows a close up of a few flowers on a display board with a
scale.
FIG. 5: Shows the original tree at 8 years of age with fruit
FIG. 6: Shows a close-up of the fruit on the original tree
FIG. 7: Shows a close-up of fruit on a display board with a
scale.
FIG. 8: Shows a close-up of fruit halved on a display board with a
scale.
FIG. 9: Shows a dormant branch tip on a display board with a scale
illustrating the short internode length.
FIG. 10: Shows the original tree at 7 years of age without foliage
during the winter illustrating its narrow upright columnar
shape.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description of the `JFS KW214MX` variety is
based on observations of the original tree growing in Boring, Oreg.
and of two and three year old asexually reproduced progeny. The
observed progeny were trees which were growing in Canby, Oreg.
Color descriptions are made with reference to The Royal
Horticultural Society (London) Colour Chart 1986, except where
ordinary dictionary significance of color is indicated. Scientific
name: Malus `JFS KW214MX`. Parentage: Seed parent.--Open pollinated
seedlings of Malus `KW-78MX`. Pollen parent.--Unknown. Tree:
Overall shape.--Narrow, upright column. Height.--Original tree at
10 years of age, about 3.6 meters high. Width.--Original tree at 10
years of age 1.4 meters spread. Caliper (trunk diameter).--Original
tree at 10 years of age, about 72 mm at 100 mm height, 58 mm at 800
mm height. Trunk.--Strong and straight under nursery growing
conditions. Trunk bark texture.--Smooth, some vertical fissures
with age. Trunk bark color.--Greyed Green 197A to Greyed Green
197C. Immature bark color.--Yellow Green 146A to Yellow Green 148C.
Mature bark color.--Greyed Orange 165A to 166B. Lenticels.--Round
to oval 0.5 mm.times.0.25 mm disappearing by the 3.sup.rd year.
Orange White 159C in color. Branch color.--Greyed Green 197B to
Greyed Green 198A. Branch lenticels.--Similar to those on the
trunk. Dormant buds.--Elongated oval with acute tip, imbricate
scales, 3 mm by 5 mm. Internodes.--Average internode length is
about 10-16 mm on a one-year old shoot. Hardiness.--Has tolerated
temperatures to 10 degrees F. in Boring Oreg. which is the lowest
temperature experienced in this location. It is believed to have
zone 4 cold hardiness similar to other plants of the same species.
Disease resistance.--Excellent resistance to fireblight (Erwinia
amylovora), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) & apple
scab (Venturia inaequalis) on foliage and fruit. Leaves: Except as
otherwise noted, observations are from twenty vigorous growth
leaves. Arrangement.--Alternate. Type.--Simple, entire,
occasionally with 1 to 2 small lobes. Texture.--Smooth, slight
undulation between the veins. Sheen.--Slightly Glossy on upper leaf
surface only. Length.--Averaging 60 mm to 65 mm. Width.--Averaging
40 mm to 45 mm. Petioles.--20 mm to 25 mm long, about 1 mm in
diameter. Overall shape.--Ovate with 1 or 2 occasional side lobes.
Margin.--Serrulate. Tip.--Acute. Base.--Broadly acute.
Stipules.--Two per leaf, 10 mm to 15 mm long by 2 mm to 3 mm wide.
Summer leaf color.--Upper leaf surface: Green 131A to Green 131C.
Lower leaf surface: Green 137C to Green 137D. Vein: Yellow Green
153C to Yellow Green 153D. Fall leaf color.--Subdued foliage turns
Yellow 6A to Yellow 7A. Fall color begins.--November 5.sup.st
(Boring, Oreg. 2017). Fall color peak.--November 21.sup.th (Boring,
Oreg. 2017). Fall color ends.--November 30.sup.th (Boring, Oreg.
2017). Pubescence.--None. Persistence.--Tree is deciduous. Flowers:
Overall.--Number of flowers per cluster: 5 to 6; flowers are
single. Shape.--Symmetrical, rounded, 5 petals, cupped.
Size.--Approximately 34 mm to 37 mm in diameter. Unopened bud.--Red
Purple 63B to Red Purple 63C. Petals.--Five petals per flower, 8 mm
to 10 mm wide.times.16 to 20 mm long. Color White 155B. Petal shape
is broadly oval to broadly obovate. Petal margins overlap.
Sepals.--Acute, length 2 mm.times.6 mm at base. Green 142A.
Stamen.--About 15 to 20 stamens, 8 mm to 10 mm arranged
concentrically around pistil. White 155B. Anthers.--Yellow Orange
18A. 1 to 1.5 mm long by 0.5 mm to 0.25 mm in diameter.
Pistil.--Yellow Green 145A Compound, 3 to 5 branched, length 8
mm-10 mm. Ovary inferior, typically five carpels. Pollen.--Yellow
13A. Moderate amount of pollen. Pedicel.--22 mm to 26 mm long by
0.5 mm to 0.6 mm in diameter. Yellow Green 146B to Yellow Green
146C. Pubescence.--Yes on the upper side of the sepal.
Fragrance.--Slightly sweet. Flowering date.--In Boring, Oreg. 2017.
First bloom April 23th, peak bloom May 1st, last bloom May 15th.
(Bloom was about 2 weeks later than average at this location in
2017 due to cold spring weather). Fruit: Observations are from a
sampling of typical fruit. Cluster.--4 to 8 fruits per cluster.
Size.--Typical fruit is 14 mm to 18 mm in diameter by 13 mm to 15
mm long. Shape.--Rounded, flattened, slightly wider than long.
Skin.--Smooth. Lenticels.--None observed. Calyx.--Sometimes present
at maturity. Color.--Immature summer fruit is Yellow Green 144C
ripening to Red 45A in October; then finally Red 34A when fully
ripe in October. Seeds.--Typically 3 per fruit, ovoid to rounded,
about 4 mm long and about 3 mm wide with a smooth surface, Greyed
Orange 164A to Greyed Orange 164C in color. Fruit
production.--Moderate to heavy depending on the year. Fruit
persistence.--90% still persistent Nov. 15 (2017).
Usage.--Ornamental, non-edible.
COMPARISON TO THE SEED PARENT
Compared to the seed parent tree `KW-78MX`, my new cultivar, `JFS
KW214MX`, has fruit which is 14-18 mm in diameter, ripens to Red
45A to Red 34A and persists with good ornamental quality in
November while `KW-78MX has 20-25 mm diameter fruit that ripens to
yellow and begins softening and turning brown in October. In
addition, `JFS KW214MX` is highly resistant to apple scab disease
whereas `KW-78MX` is only moderately resistant to this disease.
COMPARISON TO OTHER SIMILAR VARIETY
TABLE-US-00001 Malus Malus `Durleo` Malus `JFS W214MX` PP20167 `JFS
KW213MX` Form Narrow upright Compact upright Narrow upright column
oval. column Leaf 60 mm to 85 mm 80 mm to Length 65 mm 90 mm Leaf
40 mm to 43 mm 40 mm to Width 45 mm 50 mm Petiole 20-25 mm 27 mm 20
mm Spring Green 131A to Green 143B Red Purple 59A to Upper Leaf
131C Purple 79B Color Branch Greyed Green Greyed Purple Purple
Color 197A to Greyed 183B 79A to 79C Green 197C Bark on Smooth,
Bole like bumps Smooth with trunk some vertical vertical fissures.
fissures Branch 40-50 degrees 60-70 degrees 40-50 degrees Angles on
2 YR trees Fruit Color Red 45A to Red Purple Red 44A to Red 34A 59A
Red 46A Fruit Size 13 to 14 mm long .times. l0 mm .times. 10 mm 15
to 17 mm .times. 14-18 mm wide 16-18 mm Fruit Shape Round to
slightly Round Round to slightly flattened oval
COMPARISON OF AVERAGE INTERNODE LENGTH
When compared to other commercial ornamental crab apple varieties
`JFS KW214` has significantly shorter average internode
lengths.
TABLE-US-00002 Cultivar Average internode length Malus `JFS
KW214MX` 10-16 mm Malus `JFS-KW5` (PP14,375) 25-30 mm Malus
`Perfect Purple` (unpatented) 25-30 mm Malus `Spring Snow`
(unpatented) 30-35 mm Malus `Prairiefire` (unpatented) 30-35 mm
Malus `Profusion` (unpatented) 25-30 mm
* * * * *