U.S. patent number PP28,216 [Application Number 14/756,596] was granted by the patent office on 2017-07-25 for corylus plant named `burgundy lace`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Oregon State University. The grantee listed for this patent is Oregon State University. Invention is credited to Rebecca L. McCluskey, Shawn A. Mehlenbacher, David C. Smith.
United States Patent |
PP28,216 |
Mehlenbacher , et
al. |
July 25, 2017 |
Corylus plant named `Burgundy Lace`
Abstract
A new and distinct Corylus plant named `Burgundy Lace`
characterized by rich dark burgundy-colored developing leaves and
burgundy-colored fully expanded leaves during the spring and
summer; deeply dissected leaves; burgundy color of the catkins and
leaf buds; moderate vigor and upright-spreading plant habit;
resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by the fungus
Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller; presence of random amplified
polymorphic DNA markers 152-800 and 258-580 in DNA; expression of
incompatibility alleles S.sub.6 and S.sub.20 in the styles; catkins
that are abnormal and small, and produce little pollen; and DNA
fingerprints at 14 of 24 microsatellite marker loci differ from
`Cutleaf`.
Inventors: |
Mehlenbacher; Shawn A.
(Corvallis, OR), Smith; David C. (Corvallis, OR),
McCluskey; Rebecca L. (Corvallis, OR) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Oregon State University |
Corvallis |
OR |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Oregon State University
(Corvallis, OR)
|
Appl.
No.: |
14/756,596 |
Filed: |
September 21, 2015 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20170086341 P1 |
Mar 23, 2017 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/152 |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/12 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/152 |
Other References
Bassil et al, "Additional Microsatellite Markers of the European
Hazelnut," Acta Hortic. vol. 686, pp. 105-110, 2005. cited by
applicant .
Bassil et al, "Microsatellite Markers in Hazelnut: Isolation,
Characterization, and Cross-species Amplification," J. Amer. Soc.
Hort. Sci., vol. 130(4), pp. 543-549, 2005. cited by applicant
.
Bassil et al, "Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers to
assess genetic diversity and evolution in hazelnut species, hybrids
and cultivars," Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., vol. 60(2), pp. 543-568,
2012. cited by applicant .
Boccacci et al, "Characterization and evaluation of microsatellite
loci in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) and their
transferability to other Corylus species," Molecular Ecology Notes,
vol. 5, pp. 934-937, 2005. cited by applicant .
Boccacci et al, "DNA typing and genetic relations among European
hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars using microsatellite
markers," Genome, vol. 49, pp. 598-611, 2006. cited by applicant
.
Gokirmak et al, "Characterization of European hazelnut (Corylus
avellana) cultivars using SSR markers," Genet. Resour. Crop Evol.,
vol. 56(2), pp. 147-172, 2008. cited by applicant .
Gurcan et al, "Genetic diversity in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)
cultivars from Black Sea countries assessed using SSR markers,"
Plant Breeding, vol. 129, pp. 422-434, 2010. cited by applicant
.
Gurcan et al, "Development, characterization, segregation, and
mapping of microsatellite markers for European hazelnut (Corylus
avellana L.) from enriched genomic libraries and usefulness in
genetic diversity studies," Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol. 6,
pp. 513-531, 2010. cited by applicant .
Gurcan et al, "Transferability of Microsatellite Markers in the
Betulaceae," J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135(2), pp. 159-173, 2010.
cited by applicant .
Gurcan and Mehlenbacher. "Development of microsatellite marker loci
for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) from ISSR fragments,"
Molecular Breeding 26:551-559, 2010. cited by applicant .
Mehlenbacher et al., "Inheritance of the Cutleaf Trait in
Hazelnut," HortScience, vol. 30(3), pp. 611-612, 1995. cited by
applicant .
Mehlenbacher et al., "`Tonda Pacifica` hazelnut," HortScience
46:505-508, 2011. cited by applicant .
Mehlenbacher et al., "`Santiam` hazelnut" HortScience 42:715-717,
2007. cited by applicant .
Mehlenbacher et al., "RAPD markers linked to eastern filbert blight
resistance in Corylus avellana," Theor. Appl. Genet., vol. 108, pp.
651-656, 2004. cited by applicant .
Sathuvalli et al., "Characterization of American hazelnut (Corylus
americana) accessions and Corylus americana.times.Corylus avellana
hybrids using microsatellite markers," Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol.,
vol. 59, pp. 1055-1075, 2012. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Grunberg; Anne
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Klarquist Sparkman, LLP
Government Interests
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
This invention was made with government support under Specific
Cooperative Agreement No. 58-5358-4-025 awarded by the United
States Department of Agriculture. The government has certain rights
in the invention.
Claims
We claim:
1. A new and distinct cultivar of Corylus plant as herein
illustrated and described.
Description
Botanical denomination: Corylus avellana cultivar.
Variety designation: `Burgundy Lace`.
BACKGROUND
The present disclosure relates to a new and distinct cultivar of
Corylus plant, botanically known as Corylus avellana, and
hereinafter referred to by the name `Burgundy Lace`.
The new Corylus resulted from a controlled cross of female parent
OSU 562.034 (unpatented).times.OSU 562.062 (unpatented) made in
1998 to create a new ornamental cultivar (FIG. 1). OSU 562.034 is
from a cross of `Cutleaf`.times.VR6-28 (unpatented), and OSU
562.062 is from a cross of `Cutleaf`.times.Redleaf #3 (unpatented).
The grandparent `Cutleaf `(unpatented) is known as Corylus avellana
f. heterophylla, for which the form names laciniata, urticifolia,
quercifolia and incisa pinnatifida are also used. VR6-28 is from a
cross of `Riccia di Talanico`.times.`Gasaway`, and carries a
dominant allele for a very high level of resistance to eastern
filbert blight (EFB) from `Gasaway` (unpatented). OSU 562.062 and
Redleaf #3 carry a dominant allele for leaf anthocyanin. Redleaf #3
is an open-pollinated seedling of `Barcelona` (unpatented). The
pollen parent is believed to be the Redleaf `Rode Zeller` (syn.
`Rote Zellernuss`) (unpatented).
Hybrid seeds from the controlled cross were harvested in August
1998, stratified, and the resulting seedlings grown in a glasshouse
during the summer of 1999. Seedlings that combined red leaf color
and the `Cutleaf` trait were preferred, and 38 of the 40 seedlings
planted in the field in October 1999 combined these two traits.
`Burgundy Lace` was discovered and selected as a single plant
within the progeny of the stated cross-pollination in a controlled
environment in Corvallis, Oreg., USA. The new variety was
originally assigned the designation OSU 954.076, which indicates
the row and tree location of the original seedling.
The new cultivar was asexually reproduced by rooted suckers
annually for five years (2005, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2013) in
Corvallis, Oreg. The unique features of this new Corylus are stable
and reproduced true-to-type in successive generations of asexual
reproduction.
SUMMARY
The following traits have been observed and are determined to be
the unique characteristics of `Burgundy Lace`. These
characteristics in combination distinguish `Burgundy Lace` as a new
and distinct cultivar: 1. Rich dark burgundy-colored developing
leaves and burgundy-colored fully expanded leaves during the spring
and summer. 2. Deeply dissected leaves. 3. Burgundy color of the
catkins and leaf buds. 4. Moderate vigor and upright-spreading
plant habit. 5. Resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused
by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller. 6. Presence of
random amplified polymorphic DNA markers 152-800 and 268-580 in DNA
of `Burgundy Lace` amplified by the polymerase chain reaction.
These two markers are linked to a dominant allele for resistance to
eastern filbert blight from the cultivar `Gasaway` (unpatented). 7.
Expression of incompatibility alleles S.sub.6 and S.sub.20 in the
styles. 8. Catkins that are abnormal and small, and produce little
pollen. 9. DNA fingerprints of `Burgundy Lace` differ from
`Cutleaf` at 14 of 24 microsatellite marker loci. Additional DNA
fingerprints of `Gasaway` and `Rode Zeller`, which are ancestors of
`Burgundy Lace`, and 12 other reference cultivars, are shown in
Table 7.
`Burgundy Lace` is well-suited to the ornamental market. `Burgundy
Lace` combines red leaf color, deeply dissected leaves, and
resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma
anomala (Peck) E. Muller. Comparisons in two trials conducted in
Corvallis, Oreg., plants of `Burgundy Lace` in the guard rows
differed from plants of the Corylus avellana cultivars `Barcelona`
(unpatented) and `Jefferson` (unpatented), and other cultivars and
selections of Corylus avellana known to the Inventors primarily in
nut size, nut shape, kernel percentage (ratio of kernel weight to
nut weight), frequency of defects (blank nuts, moldy kernels,
twins, etc.), time of pollen shed, time of nut maturity, length of
the husk or involucre, and plant size.
The tree is moderately vigorous, similar in size to `Jefferson`,
and has a desirable upright-spreading growth habit that should be
easy to manage in a landscape setting. The nuts are small and the
kernels are edible, but nut yields are low and quality is not
suitable for the kernel market. `Burgundy Lace` has far fewer
blanks (shells lacking kernels) than `Cutleaf`. `Burgundy Lace` has
intermediate ratings for bud mite (primarily Phytoptus avellanae
Nal.), similar to `Clark`. Like its grandparent `Cutleaf`, catkins
of `Burgundy Lace` shed very little pollen. Pollen shed and female
receptivity are late.
DNA markers and field observations indicate that `Burgundy Lace`
has resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by the fungus
Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller. The resistance is conferred
by a dominant allele from `Gasaway`. EFB is now present throughout
the Willamette Valley and in the eastern USA where it naturally
occurs on the wild American hazelnut (C. americana), but causes
little damage. Pruning to remove cankers and fungicide applications
are currently used to manage the disease in susceptible cultivars.
Thus, `Burgundy Lace` is suitable for planting in areas with high
disease pressure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying colored photographs illustrate the overall
appearance of the new cultivar, showing the colors as true as it is
reasonably possible to obtain in colored reproductions of this
type. Foliage colors in the photographs may differ slightly from
the color values cited in the detailed botanical description which
accurately describe the colors of the new Corylus.
FIG. 1 is a chart showing the pedigree of hazelnut selection
`Burgundy Lace` (OSU 954.076).
FIG. 2 is a chart showing time of pollen shed (green), female
receptivity (red) and leaf budbreak for `Burgundy Lace` and
`Cutleaf` over two years for ornamental hazelnut selection.
FIG. 3 is a digital image taken at end of the 6.sup.th growing
season of a tree of `Burgundy Lace` growing in Corvallis, Oreg., in
the winter, showing upright-spreading growth habit. Tree was
planted in the spring of 2007.
FIG. 4 is a digital image taken in June of the 5.sup.th growing
season of the original `Burgundy Lace` tree growing in Corvallis,
Oreg.
FIG. 5 is a digital image taken in June of the 5.sup.th growing
season of a tree of `Burgundy Lace` growing in Corvallis, Oreg.
Tree planted in the spring of 2007.
FIG. 6 is a digital image taken in mid-August of the 5.sup.th
growing season of the original `Burgundy Lace` tree growing in
Corvallis, Oreg., showing older leaves. Tree planted in the spring
of 2007.
FIGS. 7-9 are digital images showing young leaves of `Burgundy
Lace` in Corvallis, Oreg. in late May.
FIG. 10 is a digital image showing nuts and husks of `Burgundy
Lace` on a branch in Corvallis, Oreg. in August of the 4.sup.th
growing season.
FIG. 11 is a digital image of catkins of `Burgundy Lace` with
frost.
FIG. 12 is a digital image showing shoots of `Burgundy Lace` grown
in Corvallis, Oreg. with nuts.
FIG. 13 is a digital image showing shoots of `Burgundy Lace` grown
in Corvallis, Oreg. showing upper and lower leaf surfaces.
FIGS. 14-15 are digital images showing leaves, husks and nuts of
`Barcellona`, `Cutleaf` and `Burgundy Lace` varieties. FIG. 14
shows the lower surface of the leaves and nuts, and FIG. 15 shows
the upper surface of the leaves and nuts.
FIG. 16 is a digital image of comparing nuts of `Barcelona`,
`Cutleaf` and `Burgundy Lace`.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The cultivar `Burgundy Lace` has not been observed under all
possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat
with variations in environment such as temperature and light
intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype. The
aforementioned photographs and following observations and
measurements describe plants grown in Corvallis, Oreg. under
commercial practice outdoors in the field during the fall, winter
and spring. Plants used for the photographs and description were
propagated by tie-off layerage and growing on their own roots, and
seven or eight years old. In the following description, color
references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour
Chart, 1966 Edition, except where general terms of ordinary
dictionary significance are used. Botanical classification: Corylus
avellana cultivar `Burgundy Lace`. Parentage: Female, or seed,
parent.--Corylus avellana cultivar `OSU 562.034` (unpatented).
Male, or pollen, parent.--Corylus avellana cultivar `OSU 562.062`
(unpatented). Propagation (type rooted suckers): Time to initiate
roots.--About 30 days at 20.degree. C. Time to produce a rooted
young plant.--About six months at 22.degree. C. Root
description.--Fine to thick; freely branching; creamy white in
color. Propagation (type whip grafting): Time to budbreak on the
scions.--About 14 days at 25.degree. C. Time to produce a grafted
plant.--About six months at 25.degree. C. Plant description:
General appearance.--Perennial shrub. Upright-spreading plant
habit. Growth and branching habit.--Freely branching; about 15
lateral branches develop per plant. Pinching, that is, removal of
the terminal apices, enhances branching with lateral branches
potentially forming at every node. Vigor.--Moderate vigor growth
habit. Size.--Plant height is about 5 meters; plant diameter or
spread is about 5 meters. Lateral branch description:
Length.--About 51 cm. Diameter.--About 3.8 mm. Internode
length.--About 3.3 cm. Texture.--Smooth, glabrous.
Strength.--Strong. Color, immature.--152B. Color, mature.--152B.
Foliage description: Arrangement.--Alternate, simple.
Length.--About 11.4 cm. Width.--About 7.4 cm. Shape.--Cutleaf
(deeply serrated). Apex.--Obtuse to acute. Base.--Cordate.
Margin.--Deeply serrated. Texture, upper and lower
surfaces.--Slightly pubescent. Venation pattern.--Pinnate.
Color.--Developing foliage, upper surface 144A, lower surface 145A.
Fully expanded foliage, upper surface: Spring and summer, 143A;
late summer and fall, 143A. Fully expanded foliage, lower surface:
Spring and summer, 139C; late summer and fall, 139C. Venation,
upper surface: Spring and summer, 139C; late summer and fall, 139C.
Venation, lower surface: Spring and summer, 139D; late summer and
fall, 139D. Petiole description: Length.--About 27 mm.
Diameter.--About 1.8 mm. Texture, upper and lower
surfaces.--Pubescent. Color, upper surface.--Spring and summer,
139D; late summer and fall, 139D. Color, lower surface.--Spring and
summer, 139D; late summer and fall, 139D. Flower description: Male
inflorescences are catkins, color prior to elongation 194C. Female
inflorescence style color 048B. Nut description: Length.--About
19.1 mm. Width.--About 20.7 mm. Depth.--About 18.2 mm. Nut
shape.--Round. Nut shape index [(Width+Depth)/2*Length]=1.02. Nut
compression index (Width/Depth)=1.14. Nut shell color.--164B. Nut
weight: About 1.72 grams. Kernel weight.--About 0.76 grams. Kernel
percentage (kernel weight/nut weight).--About 44%. Disease/pest
resistance: Plants of the new Corylus are highly resistant to
eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala
(Peck) E. Muller, although a few small cankers may develop under
high disease pressure. Plants of the new Corylus are moderately
susceptible to bud mites (Phytoptus avellanae Nal.), while plants
of `Tonda Gentile delle Langhe` are highly susceptible, and plants
of `Barcelona` are highly resistant. Temperature tolerance: Plants
of the new Corylus have been observed to tolerate temperatures from
-21 to 38.degree. C. in the field in Corvallis, Oreg. Comparative
data: Tree size, growth habit, yield, and yield efficiency.--Tree
sizes in the trials were estimated by measuring trunk diameters 30
cm above the soil line, at the end of the 7.sup.th growing season
(December 2013 and 2014, respectively). Trunk cross-sectional area
(TCA) was calculated from trunk diameter. Trees of `Burgundy Lace`
are moderately vigorous, similar in size to `Jefferson` (Tables 1
& 2). In previous trials, TCAs of `Jefferson` and `Lewis` were
about 70% of `Barcelona`. Their upright-spreading growth habit of
`Burgundy Lace` trees should be easy to manage in a landscape
setting. In the 2007 trial, total nut yield per tree averaged 10.04
kg for `Burgundy Lace`, which is less than the other four cultivars
(Table 1). Nut yield efficiency for OSU 954.076 (0.122
kg/cm.sup.2), which adjusts for differences in tree size, was
similar to `Felix` (0.133 kg/cm.sup.2), and lower than `Jefferson`
(0.299 kg/cm.sup.2), `Santiam` (unpatented) (0.267 kg/cm.sup.2) and
`McDonald` (0.245 kg/cm.sup.2). In the 2008 trial, total nut yield
per tree averaged 11.39 kg for `Burgundy Lace`, which is more than
`Eta` (unpatented) (7.78 kg) but less than the other 13 genotypes
(Table 2). Nut yield efficiency for OSU 954.076 (0.134
kg/cm.sup.2), which adjusts for differences in tree size, was
similar to the pollinizer `Theta` (unpatented) (0.149 kg/cm.sup.2),
higher than `Eta` (0.100 kg/cm.sup.2) and lower than `Jefferson`
(0.292 kg/cm.sup.2) and the others in the trial. Although `Burgundy
Lace` would generally not be planted for nut production, its nuts
show a very low frequency of defects (Tables 3 & 4). In the
2007 trial, nut weight was 1.72 g and kernel percentage was 44.1%,
the latter being similar to `Barcelona` (typically 43%). The amount
of fiber on the pellicle was rated on a scale of 1 (no fiber) to 4
(heavy fiber) (Table 5). The rating for `Burgundy Lace` (2.8) was
similar to `Jefferson` (3.0) and indicates a moderate amount of
fiber. Kernel blanching, or ease with which the pellicle can be
removed with dry heat followed by rubbing, was rated on a scale of
1 (complete pellicle removal) to 7 (no pellicle removal). The
rating for `Burgundy Lace` (6.6) indicates that very little of the
pellicle is removed by dry heat. Very few moldy kernels were
observed in `Burgundy Lace` (0.5%), in striking contrast to
`Santiam` (17.3%) (Table 3). The results from the second trial
(Table 4) were nearly identical: nut weight 1.71 g, kernel
percentage 44%, fiber rating 2.8, blanching rating 6.6, with 87.5%
good nuts and very few defects. The kernels, raw or roasted, are
not attractive. Nut maturity date.--Most nuts of `Burgundy Lace`
are borne in clusters of two, in husks about half as long as the
nuts. The nuts are slightly long and compressed. The husks open as
they dry at maturity, and about 98% of the nuts fall free of the
husk. When mature, the shells are medium brown in color and have
pubescence at the apical end. Harvest date is estimated to be three
days before `Barcelona`. Incompatibility and
pollinizers.--`Burgundy Lace` has incompatibility alleles S.sub.6
and S.sub.20 as determined by fluorescence microscopy. Both alleles
are expressed in the females, but only S.sub.6 is expressed in the
pollen because of dominance. By convention, alleles expressed in
the pollen are underlined. The trees set a moderate number of
catkins. The catkins are abnormal and small, as are those of
`Cutleaf`, and shed very little pollen. For practical purposes,
`Burgundy Lace` is male-sterile, although collection of a handful
of catkins can give a trace of pollen. Time of pollen shed and
female receptivity were observed weekly from December 2012 to March
2013 and December 2013 to March 2014 (FIG. 2). Female flower
receptivity of `Burgundy Lace` is late and about one week earlier
than `Cutleaf` and four weeks later than `Barcelona`. Time of
catkin elongation of `Burgundy Lace` is also late and about three
weeks earlier than `Cutleaf` and three weeks later than
`Barcelona`. Date of leaf budbreak is about one week later than
`Cutleaf` and 2.5 weeks later than `Barcelona`. Pollen of the
following EFB-resistant cultivars is compatible on females of
`Burgundy Lace`: `Yamhill` (S.sub.8 S.sub.26), `Dorris` (S.sub.1
S.sub.12), `McDonald` (S.sub.2 S.sub.15), `Wepster` (S.sub.1
S.sub.2), `York` (S.sub.2 S.sub.21), `Gamma` (S.sub.2 S.sub.10),
`Jefferson` (S.sub.1 S.sub.3), `Felix` (S.sub.15S.sub.21) and
`Theta` (S.sub.5 S.sub.15). Because females of `Burgundy Lace` are
receptive late in the season, the late-shedding pollinizers `Felix`
and `Theta` are most effective. Pests and diseases.--Based on DNA
marker data, `Burgundy Lace` has a very high level of resistance to
EFB conferred by a dominant allele from `Gasaway`, so fungicide
applications are not needed. RAPD markers 152-800 and 268-580 that
flank the resistance allele in `Gasaway`, are present in `Burgundy
Lace`. Trees of `Burgundy Lace` have not yet been challenged with
the EFB pathogen in glasshouse or structure inoculations.
Susceptibility to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris
pv. corylina has not been quantified, but none of the three trees
in the two trials were affected. Nevertheless, copper sprays to
minimize damage from this pathogen can be performed. Susceptibility
to big bud mite (primarily Phytoptus avellanae Nal.) was rated in
the 2007 trial (Table 3) after leaf fall once per year for five
years (December 2009-2013). The scale was from 1 (no blasted buds)
to 5 (many blasted buds). The average rating for `Burgundy Lace`
(3.0) is similar to that for `Clark` and lower than for `Cutleaf`
(4.0), which was rated one year at the Smith Farm and three years
(2000-2002) at the nearby USDA National Clonal Germplasm
Repository. In the 2008 trial, the rating for `Burgundy Lace` (3.1)
is the same as for the moderately susceptible `Clark` (3.0). The
number of blasted buds for `Burgundy Lace` is lower than `Cutleaf`
and sprays should not be necessary to control this pest. The other
check cultivars in the two trials had lower bud mite ratings.
Propagation.--`Burgundy Lace` was propagated by tie-off layerage of
the suckers of the original seedling tree in late June over five
years (2005, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2013). On average, 22 suckers
were layered, with rooting rated good on 11 and fair on 7, poor on
3 and no roots on one. The size (caliper) was rated as medium to
large in most years. Layers are moderately vigorous and root well,
but have lower vigor and caliper than those of `Jefferson` and
`Barcelona`. DNA fingerprinting.--Primers used are shown in Table
6, and results shown in Table 7. `Burgundy Lace` differs from
`Cutleaf` at 14 of 24 loci.
REFERENCES
Bassil N. V., Botta R., Mehlenbacher S. A. 2005a. Microsatellite
markers in hazelnut: Isolation, characterization and cross-species
amplification. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 130:543-549.
Bassil N. V., Botta R., Mehlenbacher S. A. 2005b. Additional
microsatellite markers of the European hazelnut. Acta Hort.
686:105-110.
Bassil N., Boccacci P., Botta R., Postman J. and Mehlenbacher S.
2012. Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers to assess
genetic diversity and evolution in hazelnut species, hybrids and
cultivars. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (on-line)
DOI10.1007/s10722-012-9857-z
Boccacci P., Akkak A., Bassil N. V., Mehlenbacher S. A., Botta R.
2005. Characterization and evaluation of microsatellite loci in
European hazelnut (C. avellana) and their transferability to other
Corylus species. Molec. Ecol. Notes 5:934-937.
Boccacci R, Akkak, A. and Botta, R. 2006. DNA typing and genetic
relations among European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars
using microsatellite markers. Genome 49:598-611.
Gokirmak T., Mehlenbacher S. A., Bassil N. V. 2009.
Characterization of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars
using SSR markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
56:147-172.
Gurcan, K. and S. A. Mehlenbacher. 2010. Transferability of
microsatellite markers in the Betulaceae. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.
135:159-173.
Gurcan, K. and S. A. Mehlenbacher. 2010. Development of
microsatellite marker loci for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana
L.) from ISSR fragments. Molecular Breeding 26:551-559.
Gurcan, K. and S. A. Mehlenbacher and V. Erdogan. 2010a. Genetic
diversity in hazelnut cultivars from Black Sea countries assessed
using SSR markers. Plant Breeding 129:422-434. (available on-line
doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01753.x).
Gurcan, K., S. A. Mehlenbacher, R. Botta and P. Boccacci. 2010b.
Development, characterization, segregation, and mapping of
microsatellite markers for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)
from enriched genomic libraries and usefulness in genetic diversity
studies. Tree Genetics and Genomes 6:513-531. (available on-line as
DOI:10.1007/s11295-010-0269-y)
Mehlenbacher et al., 2004. RAPD markers linked to eastern filbert
blight resistance in Corylus avellana. Theor. Appl. Genet.
108:651-656.
Mehlenbacher and Smith. 1995. Inheritance of the cutleaf trait in
hazelnut. HortScience 30:611-612.
Sathuvalli, V. R. and S. A. Mehlenbacher. 2012. Characterization of
American hazelnut (Corylus americana) accessions and Corylus
americana.times.Corylus avellana hybrids using microsatellite
markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59:1055-1075.
DOI10.1007/s10722-011-9743-0.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Nut yield, trunk cross-sectional area, yield
efficiency and bud mite ratings of hazelnut cultivars and
selections (including two trees of `Burgundy Lace` in a guard row)
in a trial planted in 2007. No. Yield per tree (kg) TCA.sup.z
YE.sup.y Cultivar trees Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
(cm.sup.2) (kg cm.sup.-2) BBM `McDonald` 4 0.15 1.10 4.85 7.38 7.95
21.43 87.6 0.245 1.8 `Felix` 4 0.06 1.04 2.91 7.93 4.95 16.88 128.4
0.133 2.0 `Jefferson` 4 0.55 1.97 5.63 4.60 10.25 22.99 77.5 0.299
1.2 `Santiam` 4 0.20 1.11 4.09 5.46 6.83 17.68 66.8 0.267 2.2 LSD
.sub.0.05 0.21 0.43 0.54 2.04 1.18 2.45 13.48 0.029 0.2 `Burgundy
Lace` 2 0.09 0.56 2.29 2.87 4.24 10.04 82.2 0.122 3.0 .sup.zTrunk
cross-sectional area calculated from trunk diameters measured in
late fall at the end of the 7th season. .sup.yYield efficiency =
Total nut yield/TCA.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Nut yield, trunk cross-sectional area, yield
efficiency and bud mite ratings of hazelnut cultivars and
selections in two trials planted in 2008. Nut yield per tree (kg)
Selection SelNo No. trees 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total TCA.sup.z
YldEff.sup.y BBM.sup.x EFB-resistant selections 918.045 1 4 0.233
2.593 3.585 4.513 6.148 17.070 69.0 0.249 1.5 951.086 2 4 0.213
1.718 5.073 7.557 9.510 24.069 92.7 0.258 2.0 964.073 3 4 0.100
1.163 40.998 6.223 8.870 20.453 85.1 0.242 1.0 981.067 4 4 0.027
0.968 2.740 3.630 6.550 13.914 83.3 0.168 1.2 990.035 5 4 0.088
1.258 4.350 4.800 8.420 18.915 72.5 0.259 1.7 992.015 6 4 0.053
0.945 2.068 3.625 6.288 12.978 74.0 0.177 1.4 992.022 7 4 0.040
1.978 4.470 7.338 8.340 22.165 98.8 0.224 1.4 1014.058 8 4 0.210
3.580 3.148 5.538 6.368 18.843 74.0 0.256 2.3 1018.001 9 4 0.105
2.210 2.738 4.695 6.178 15.925 74.1 0.215 1.3 Eta 10 4 0.055 0.665
1.688 1.867 3.503 7.777 77.9 0.100 2.0 Gamma 11 4 0.153 0.780 3.310
5.133 8.240 17.615 97.6 0.181 2.9 Jefferson 12 4 0.223 2.650 4.793
5.875 8.570 22.110 75.9 0.292 1.2 Theta 13 4 0.038 1.240 4.003
4.910 4.560 14.750 101.7 0.149 1.6 Yamhill 14 4 0.218 2.833 4.793
6.805 8.698 23.345 73.7 0.318 1.1 LSD 0.05 0.113 0.524 0.945 1.243
1.552 3.296 14.4 0.038 0.4 Burgundy Lace h 1 0.020 1.480 2.270
3.110 4.510 11.390 84.9 0.134 3.1 Performance of hazelnut cultivars
and selections (including `Burgundy Lace`) in two trials planted in
2008. EFB-susceptible selections in nearby trial 919.031 1 3 0.050
1.547 4.890 5.200 8.057 19.743 102.0 0.195 1.0 961.021 2 3 0.225
1.527 3.507 4.770 7.793 17.821 91.1 0.196 2.5 961.063 3 3 0.153
1.707 2.707 3.937 4.490 12.993 56.4 0.231 1.7 978.057 4 3 0.227
1.553 3.063 5.710 5.037 15.590 83.3 0.189 2.9 978.058 5 3 0.207
1.533 3.297 5.025 7.633 17.695 88.1 0.201 1.7 978.064 6 3 0.190
2.083 2.790 4.270 4.387 13.720 57.7 0.238 1.0 1012.074 7 3 0.127
0.790 1.340 3.937 4.475 10.668 93.6 0.115 3.0 Barcelona 8 3 0.197
1.650 4.670 5.357 8.313 20.187 125.8 0.161 1.0 Clark 9 3 0.483
3.416 1.873 6.130 6.320 18.223 72.5 0.251 3.0 Lewis 10 3 0.370
3.350 2.210 7.643 6.833 20.407 80.0 0.255 2.7 Sacajawea 11 3 0.050
0.857 4.247 6.855 9.060 21.068 99.1 0.214 1.1 LSD 0.05 0.185 0.580
0.866 0.942 1.569 2.811 16.7 0.028 0.4 .sup.zTrunk cross-sectional
area calculated from trunk diameters measured in late fall at the
end of the 7th season. .sup.yYield efficiency = Total nut
yield/TCA. .sup.xSusceptibility to bud mite (primarily Phytoptus
avellanae Nal.) was rated on four trees of each selection on a
scale of 1 (no blasted buds) to 5 (many blasted buds). Shown are
mean ratings for 5 years (2010-2014). (many blasted buds). Shown
are mean ratings for 5 years (2010-2014). LSD = least significant
difference.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Frequency of good nuts, and of nut and
kernel defects in hazelnut cultivars and selections (including two
trees of `Burgundy Lace` in a guard row) in a trial planted in
2007. Frequency (%).sup.z Brown Black Selection # trees Good Blanks
stain Moldy Shrivel Poor fill Twins tips `McDonald` 4 83.5 5.1 0.1
2.1 4.5 4.5 0.1 0.3 `Felix` 4 88.9 4.2 0.2 2.1 0.4 2.9 0.3 1.1
`Jefferson` 4 80.1 4.3 0.3 5.7 0.4 8.9 0.6 0.6 `Santiam` 4 68.8 2.8
0.1 17.3 1.8 9.6 0.1 0.1 LSD 0.05 3.5 2.5 0.3 2.3 1.0 2.5 0.4 0.5
`Burgundy Lace` 2 87.5 6.8 0.0 0.5 0.3 4.8 0.0 0.3 .sup.zMeans of
years 4-7. LSD = Least Significant Difference
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Frequency of good nuts and of nut and kernel
defects in hazelnut cultivars and selections in a trial planted in
2008. Selection SelNo # trees 10-NutWt 10-KerWt PctKer Fib Blanch
GD BL BS MO SH PF TW BT EFB-resistant selections 918.045 1 4 25.81
11.69 45.31 1.5 3.9 73.26 4.18 0.56 2.18 0.44 18.38 1.0- 6 0.12
951.086 2 4 27.88 12.43 44.54 2.2 5.4 82.92 5.86 0.64 1.78 0.08
11.22 0.5- 8 0.50 964.073 3 4 26.09 12.33 47.20 2.2 4.7 82.20 1.80
0.14 1.34 1.26 13.14 0.0- 0 0.26 981.067 4 4 23.97 11.38 47.53 3.7
3.9 90.62 4.32 0.18 0.56 0.18 2.82 1.26- 0.06 990.035 5 4 23.90
11.34 47.56 1.6 4.7 75.11 3.50 0.06 2.94 1.26 15.62 1.3- 2 0.44
992.015 6 4 24.33 12.32 50.71 2.6 4.5 85.06 7.56 0.18 2.06 0.50
4.06 0.12- 0.76 992.022 7 4 26.50 12.82 48.41 3.2 3.8 80.32 4.62
0.00 3.18 0.82 10.76 0.1- 8 0.26 1014.058 8 4 25.20 11.73 46.63 1.7
4.9 92.32 1.44 0.32 0.76 0.88 3.76 0.18- 0.38 1018.001 9 4 25.60
12.05 47.17 2.9 3.8 83.68 4.88 0.06 4.18 0.18 6.62 0.50- 0.12 Eta
10 4 30.21 14.21 47.12 3.1 3.9 85.86 2.80 1.80 2.06 0.40 5.74 1.00
0.6- 6 Gamma 11 4 24.06 12.40 51.66 3.0 6.4 78.76 5.18 0.68 2.18
1.38 11.50 0.26 - 0.12 Jefferson 12 4 36.51 16.48 45.23 2.9 4.5
75.56 4.06 0.12 5.82 0.38 13.12 0- .62 1.18 Theta 13 4 22.73 11.48
50.52 2.2 2.6 89.06 2.38 0.26 1.76 0.32 5.82 0.26 0- .26 Yamhill 14
4 23.59 11.13 47.26 1.4 5.1 76.00 2.32 0.12 2.50 0.82 18.44 0.0- 6
0.26 LSD 0.05 0.94 0.34 0.77 0.2 0.4 3.58 2.56 0.56 1.22 0.74 3.38
0.48 0.08 `Burgundy 1 17.16 7.56 44.08 2.8 6.6 87.50 6.75 0.00 0.50
0.25 4.75 0.00 - 0.25 Lace` Selection SelNo NutWt KerWt PctKer Fib
Blanch GD BL BS MO SH PF TW BT EFB-susceptible selections in nearby
trial 919.031 1 3 26.53 13.55 51.15 2.3 2.1 81.50 4.30 0.40 1.60
0.60 11.20 0.0- 0 0.40 961.021 2 3 25.53 12.00 46.99 1.3 3.5 84.26
4.76 0.16 2.00 3.34 4.76 0.66- 0.26 961.063 3 3 25.87 12.25 47.48
1.9 2.6 88.84 2.16 0.76 1.84 0.58 4.34 1.42- 0.34 978.057 4 3 29.38
13.91 47.42 3.1 3.0 83.50 8.00 0.00 2.66 1.00 4.16 0.26- 0.76
978.058 5 3 30.98 14.78 47.71 2.6 2.6 85.82 4.36 0.36 1.46 1.00
5.18 0.72- 1.18 978.064 6 3 25.62 13.13 51.22 2.2 3.3 74.50 7.58
0.08 3.76 6.66 5.92 0.16- 1.66 1012.074 7 3 23.17 11.84 51.08 2.1
2.2 89.36 3.64 0.64 1.82 0.64 3.46 0.18- 0.36 Barcelona 8 3 38.87
17.08 44.00 2.5 4.3 68.26 5.26 0.16 4.00 1.42 16.00 6.- 00 0.16
Clark 9 3 24.73 12.41 50.02 2.6 3.1 73.08 2.58 1.00 4.00 0.50 18.34
0.84 0- .34 Lewis 10 3 29.41 13.60 46.20 1.3 4.1 65.26 2.00 0.16
11.00 1.26 19.66 2.00- 0.76 Sacajawea 11 3 28.07 14.55 51.85 1.3
3.1 82.72 4.90 0.00 4.72 2.10 5.00 0.- 18 0.54 LSD 0.05 1.64 0.67
0.72 0.3 0.3 5.94 2.02 0.70 1.60 1.10 6.36 0.78 0.50 919.031 1 3
26.53 13.55 51.15 2.3 2.1 81.50 4.30 0.40 1.60 0.60 11.20 0.0- 0
0.40 961.021 2 3 25.53 12.00 46.99 1.3 3.5 84.26 4.76 0.16 2.00
3.34 4.76 0.66- 0.26 961.063 3 3 25.87 12.25 47.48 1.9 2.6 88.84
2.16 0.76 1.84 0.58 4.34 1.42- 0.34 978.057 4 3 29.38 13.91 47.42
3.1 3.0 83.50 8.00 0.00 2.66 1.00 4.16 0.26- 0.76 978.058 5 3 30.98
14.78 47.71 2.6 2.6 85.82 4.36 0.36 1.46 1.00 5.18 0.72- 1.18
978.064 6 3 25.62 13.13 51.22 2.2 3.3 74.50 7.58 0.08 3.76 6.66
5.92 0.16- 1.66 1012.074 7 3 23.17 11.84 51.08 2.1 2.2 89.36 3.64
0.64 1.82 0.64 3.46 0.18- 0.36 Barcelona 8 3 38.87 17.08 44.00 2.5
4.3 68.26 5.26 0.16 4.00 1.42 16.00 6.- 00 0.16 Clark 9 3 24.73
12.41 50.02 2.6 3.1 73.08 2.58 1.00 4.00 0.50 18.34 0.84 0- .34
Lewis 10 3 29.41 13.60 46.20 1.3 4.1 65.26 2.00 0.16 11.00 1.26
19.66 2.00- 0.76 Sacajawea 11 3 28.07 14.55 51.85 1.3 3.1 82.72
4.90 0.00 4.72 2.10 5.00 0.- 18 0.54 LSD 0.05 1.64 0.67 0.72 0.3
0.3 5.94 2.02 0.70 1.60 1.10 6.36 0.78 0.50 Notes (%): GD = good
kernels, BL = blanks, BS = brown stain, MO = moldy kernels, SH =
shriveled kernels, PF = poorly filled nuts, TW = twins, BT = black
tips.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Ten-nut and 10-kernel weight, kernel
percentage, and ratings for fiber and blanching for hazelnut
cultivars and selections (including `Burgundy Lace`) in a trial
planted in 2007. No. 10-nut 10-ker Kernel Selection trees wt wt
percentage Fiber.sup.y Blanching.sup.x McDonald 4 26.2 13.7 52.3
2.6 3.3 Felix 4 27.1 13.7 50.8 3.0 2.2 Jefferson 4 37.6 16.7 44.5
3.0 4.3 Santiam 4 22.8 11.5 50.6 3.0 4.2 LSD .sub.0.05 2.2 0.4 1.0
0.1 0.4 `Burgundy 2 17.2 7.6 44.1 2.8 6.6 Lace .sup.zMeans for nuts
and kernels are over four years. .sup.yAmount of fiber on the
pellicle was rated in the second trial from 1 (none) to 4 (much).
.sup.xBlanching was rated from 1 (complete pellicle removal) to 7
(no pellicle removal). LSD = least significant difference.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Primers, annealing temperatures, and
characterisitics for the 24 microsatellite marker loci used to
fingerprint `Burgundy Lace` and other hazelnut cultivars. Primers
(5'-3') Repeat Allele (forward above, Tm Locus Motif sizes reverse
below) (.degree. C.) n He Ho PIC r LG Locus Reference A613
(TC).sub.13(CA).sub.12 149- Ned- 60 14 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.00 11R A613
G- urcan et al. 177 CACACGCCTT 2010 GTCACTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 1)
CCCCTTTCAC ATGTTTGCTT (SEQ ID NO: 2) A614 (TC).sub.17(CA).sub.10
125- Hex- 60 14 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.00 6S, A614 G- urcan et al.
NNN(CA).sub.6 156 TGGCAGAGCT 6R 2010 TTGTCAGCTT (SEQ ID NO: 3)
GCAGTGGAGG ATTGCTGACT (SEQ ID NO: 4) A616 (AC).sub.11 136- Fam- 60
13 0.85 0.85 0.83 0.00 8R A616 Gurcan et al. 162 CACTCATACC 2010
GCAAACTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 5) ATGGCTTTTG CTTCGTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 6) A640
(CT).sub.15(CA).sub.13 354- F- 67 11 0.80 0.73 0.77 0.04 10R A640
Gur- can et al. 378 TGCCTCTGCA 2010 GTTAGTCAT (SEQ ID NO: 7) Fam-
CGCCATATAATTG GGATGCTTGTTG (SEQ ID NO: 8) B617 (GA).sub.15 280-
Fam- 60 9 0.80 0.78 0.78 0.01 8S, B617 Gurcan et al. 298 TCCGTGTTGA
8R 2010 GTATGGACGA (SEQ ID NO: 9) TGTTTTTGGT GGAGCGATG (SEQ ID NO:
10) B619 (TC).sub.21 146- Fam- 60 14 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.00 3S, B619
Gurcan et al. 180 AGTCGGCTCC 3R 2010 CCTTTTCTC (SEQ ID NO: 11)
GCGATCTGAC CTCATTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 12) B634 (AG).sub.15 218- Hex- 60
9 0.76 0.76 0.73 0.00 4R B634 Gurcan et al. 238 CCTGCATCCA 2010
GGACTCATTA (SEQ ID NO: 13) GTGCAGAGGT TGCACTCAAA (SEQ ID NO: 14)
B657 (AG).sub.15 210- Ned- 60 8 0.84 0.98 0.82 -0.08 11S, B657
Gurcan et al. 228 GAGAGTGCGT 1 2010 CTTCCTCTGG 1R (SEQ ID NO: 15)
AGCCTCACCT CCAACGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 16) B662 (TC).sub.15 220- Hex- 60
9 0.74 0.68 0.72 0.04 3R B662 Gurcan et al. 236 CGAAAGATGGA 2010
CTTCCATGAC (SEQ ID NO: 17) CAAGTTGAGAT TCTTCCTGCAA (SEQ ID NO: 18)
B671 (AG).sub.6NN(GA).sub.17 221- Hex- 60 13 0.86 0.88 0.84 -0.01
9S, B671- Gurcan et al. 249 TTGCCAGT 9R 2010 GCATACTC (SEQ ID NO:
19) ACCAGCTCTG GGCTTAACAC (SEQ ID NO: 20) B709 (GA).sub.21 219-
Ned- 60 8 0.74 0.76 0.70 -0.01 5S, B709 Gurcan et al. 233
CCAAGCACGA 5R 2010 ATGAACTCAA (SEQ ID NO: 21) GCGGGTTCTC GTTGTACACT
(SEQ ID NO: 22) B733 (TC).sub.15 161- Ned- 60 8 0.68 0.68 0.63 0.00
7S, B733 Gurcan et al. 183 CACCCTCTTC 2R 2010 ACCACCTCAT (SEQ ID
NO: 23) CATCCCCTGT TGGAGTTTTC (SEQ ID NO: 24) B741
(GT).sub.5(GA).sub.12 176- Fam- 60 10 0.77 0.78 0.74 0.00 5S, B741
Gu- rcan et al. 194 GTTCACAGGC 5R 2010 TGTTGGGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 25)
CGTGTTGCTC ATGTGTTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 26) B749 (TC).sub.12 200- Hex- 60
6 0.60 0.64 0.51 -0.03 1R B749 Gurcan et al. 210 GGCTGACAAC 2010
ACAGCAGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 27) TCGGCTAGGG TTAGGGTTTT (SEQ ID NO: 28)
B751 (GA).sub.15 141- Fam- 60 7 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.01 7S, B751 Gurcan
et al. 153 AGCTGGTTCT 2R 2010 TCGACATTCC (SEQ ID NO: 29)
AAACTCAAATAA AACCCCTGCTC (SEQ ID NO: 30) B767 (TC).sub.15(AT).sub.7
198- Fam- 60 16 0.87 0.80 0.86 0.04 8S, B767 Gu- rcan et al. 238
CCACCAACTG 8R 2010 TTTCACACCA (SEQ ID NO: 31) GCGAAATGGA GCTCTTGAAC
(SEQ ID NO: 32) B774 (AG).sub.15 195- Ned- 60 8 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.00
5S, B774 Gurcan et al. 213 GTTTTGCGAG 5R 2010 CTCATTGTCA (SEQ ID
NO: 33) TGTGTGTGGTC TGTAGGCACT (SEQ ID NO: 34) B795
(TC).sub.8Ns(CT).sub.7Ns 296- Fam- 60 12 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.01 NA
B795 - Gurcan et al. (CT).sub.10Ns(TC).sub.5 332 GACCCACAAACA 2010
ATAACCTATCTC (SEQ ID NO: 35) TGGGCATCAT CCAGGTCTA (SEQ ID NO: 36)
C115 (TAA).sub.5(GAA).sub.12 167- Fam- 60 10 0.84 0.90 0.82 -0.035
4S, C11- 5 Bassil 2005b; 225 CATTTTCCGCA 4R Gokirmak et GATAATACAGG
al. 2009 (SEQ ID NO: 37) GTTTCCAGATCTG CCTCCATATAAT (SEQ ID NO: 38)
KG807 (TAAA)AA 226- AAGCAAGAA 54 4 0.67 0.78 0.60 -0.07 11 KG807
Gurcan and (TAAA).sub.2 248 AGGGATGGT Mehlenbacher, A(TAAA).sub.2
(SEQ ID NO: 39) 2010 Fam- CTTACAGATAA ATGGCTCAAA (SEQ ID NO: 40)
KG809 (AGG).sub.6 333- GGAAGGTGAGA 55 5 0.66 0.64 0.60 0.01 4 KG809
Gurcan and 345 GAAATCAAGT Mehlenbacher, (SEQ ID NO: 41) 2010 Hex-
AGGCATCAG TTCATCCAA (SEQ ID NO: 42) KG811 (GA).sub.17 240-
GAACAACTGAA 58 12 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.01 2 KG811 Gurca- n and 278
GACAGCAAAG Mehlenbacher, (SEQ ID NO: 43) 2010 Ned- AAGGCGGCA
CTCGCTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 44) KG827 (CT).sub.13AA(CA).sub.7 264- Fam-
67 9 0.78 0.84 0.75 -0.04 9 KG827 - Gurcan and 282 AGAACTCCGACTAAT
Mehlenbacher, AATCCTAACCCTTGC 2010 (SEQ ID NO: 45) GAGGGAGCAAGTCA
AAGTTGAGAAGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 46) KG830 (CT).sub.14GTATT 279- Ned- 67
9 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.00 9 KG830 Gurcan and (CA).sub.8 311
TGGAGGAAGTTTTGA Mehlenbacher, ATGGTAGTAGAGGA 2010 (SEQ ID NO: 47)
AAAGCAACTCATAG CTGAAGTCCAATCA (SEQ ID NO: 48) Primers fluorescent
tags are FAM, HEX and NED Tm annealing temperature (.degree. C.); n
number of alleles; He expected heterozygosity; Ho observed
heterozygosity; PIC polymorphism information content; r estimated
null allele frequency; LG linkage group; NA = not yet assigned
Reference for development and characterization
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Allele sizes in `Burgundy Lace` and 12 other
hazelnut cultivars at 24 microsatellite loci. Tonda Burgundy Rode
G.d. Marker Lace Cutleaf Gasaway Zeller Langhe Barcelona Yamhill
Dorris Wepster- McDonald York Felix Theta A640 372/372 368/372
362/368 355/355 355/368 355/374 355/368 372/374 368/3- 74 362/368
363/374 368/372 362/368 B662 232/232 228/232 232/238 232/232
232/232 232/232 232/232 228/232 232/2- 32 232/232 232/232 232/232
228/232 KG809 339/339 339/339 339/348 342/345 339/342 339/339
348/348 339/348 342/- 342 339/339 339/348 339/348 339/348 B774
207/213 207/213 203/209 203/207 203/211 203/207 203/211 203/207
203/2- 07 203/213 203/209 203/213 203/213 B619 158/158 158/166
172/176 168/178 150/166 158/172 158/172 158/166 166/1- 72 158/172
158/166 158/166 158/166 B767 214/240 212/214 214/214 212/216
214/218 214/240 214/238 214/218 200/2- 42 200/214 236/238 214/214
212/214 B617 289/293 291/293 291/295 281/291 285/295 285/289
289/295 287/295 293/2- 95 293/293 287/289 287/287 281/285 A614
152/158 152/152 143/158 150/150 125/135 125/132 132/158 132/158
135/1- 58 135/158 124/158 138/143 138/158 B749 205/209 205/205
207/209 207/209 207/209 209/209 209/209 207/207 207/2- 09 207/209
209/209 207/207 209/209 B733 167/167 167/167 175/175 175/175
173/175 173/175 181/185 173/181 173/1- 75 173/175 173/181 175/181
163/181 B709 223/229 223/229 229/229 229/229 229/229 227/235
229/229 229/229 229/2- 35 227/229 229/233 229/233 229/229 KG830
293/303 297/305 291/305 303/303 291/295 291/295 291/295 295/297
295/- 305 291/295 295/295 293/303 297/297 A616 144/156 152/156
150/150 144/148 150/152 144/152 150/150 150/152 152/1- 60 150/160
144/152 150/152 132/134 C115 216/216 216/216 216/219 194/216
174/174 174/194 197/216 194/216 183/1- 94 174/197 197/197 197/216
197/216 KG827 274/282 272/272 272/282 272/282 268/278 282/284
268/282 272/284 270/- 282 272/284 268/272 272/284 270/272 B671
241/251 225/237 237/249 249/249 239/243 225/229 225/243 229/249
239/2- 49 229/237 243/249 229/237 229/249 A613 161/179 179/179
161/163 153/167 153/153 153/161 153/163 151/169 167/1- 67 153/169
159/179 151/153 167/179 KG811 257/257 255/257 257/261 255/257
257/267 261/267 251/261 257/267 257/- 257 245/267 257/257 251/267
257/257 B751 146/152 146/152 144/144 148/152 150/154 144/154
152/152 144/152 144/1- 44 144/144 152/154 152/154 144/152 B741
178/184 184/184 186/188 178/184 176/184 178/186 178/186 178/186
176/1- 86 178/188 178/186 186/186 184/186 KG807 242/252 242/252
242/252 238/238 238/252 238/252 230/252 242/252 252/- 252 252/252
242/252 238/242 252/252 B795 333/333 333/333 317/319 317/333
315/333 333/333 333/333 333/333 333/3- 33 317/333 333/333 321/333
299/333 B634 228/228 228/228 222/234 220/240 228/228 228/228
236/236 228/228 228/2- 28 222/228 228/236 228/236 228/236 B657
223/227 223/227 225/229 211/227 219/227 219/223 219/229 211/227
227/2- 27 211/219 221/223 219/227 219/223
SEQUENCE LISTINGS
1
48120DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 1cacacgcctt gtcactcttt
20220DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 2cccctttcac atgtttgctt
20320DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 3tggcagagct ttgtcagctt
20420DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 4gcagtggagg attgctgact
20520DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 5cactcatacc gcaaactcca
20620DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 6atggcttttg cttcgttttg
20729DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 7tgcctctgca gttagtcatc aaatgtagg
29825DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 8cgccatataa ttgggatgct tgttg
25920DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 9tccgtgttga gtatggacga
201019DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 10tgtttttggt ggagcgatg
191119DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 11agtcggctcc ccttttctc
191220DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 12gcgatctgac ctcatttttg
201320DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 13cctgcatcca ggactcatta
201420DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 14gtgcagaggt tgcactcaaa
201520DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 15gagagtgcgt cttcctctgg
201619DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 16agcctcacct ccaacgaac
191721DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 17cgaaagatgg acttccatga c
211822DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 18caagttgaga ttcttcctgc aa
221921DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 19ttgccagtgc atactctgat g
212020DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 20accagctctg ggcttaacac
202120DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 21ccaagcacga atgaactcaa
202220DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 22gcgggttctc gttgtacact
202320DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 23caccctcttc accacctcat
202420DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 24catcccctgt tggagttttc
202520DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 25gttcacaggc tgttgggttt
202620DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 26cgtgttgctc atgtgttgtg
202720DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 27ggctgacaac acagcagaaa
202820DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 28tcggctaggg ttagggtttt
202920DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 29agctggttct tcgacattcc
203023DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 30aaactcaaat aaaacccctg ctc
233120DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 31ccaccaactg tttcacacca
203220DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 32gcgaaatgga gctcttgaac
203320DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 33gttttgcgag ctcattgtca
203421DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 34tgtgtgtggt ctgtaggcac t
213524DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 35gacccacaaa caataaccta tctc
243619DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 36tgggcatcat ccaggtcta
193722DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 37cattttccgc agataataca gg
223825DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 38gtttccagat ctgcctccat ataat
253918DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 39aagcaagaaa gggatggt
184021DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 40cttacagata aatggctcaa a
214121DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 41ggaaggtgag agaaatcaag t
214218DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 42aggcatcagt tcatccaa
184321DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 43gaacaactga agacagcaaa g
214418DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 44aaggcggcac tcgctcac
184530DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 45agaactccga ctaataatcc
taacccttgc 304628DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 46gagggagcaa
gtcaaagttg agaagaaa 284729DNAArtificial SequencePrimer 47tggaggaagt
tttgaatggt agtagagga 294828DNAArtificial SequencePrimer
48aaagcaactc atagctgaag tccaatca 28
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