U.S. patent number PP23,632 [Application Number 13/374,222] was granted by the patent office on 2013-05-28 for swamp white oak tree named `jfs-kw12`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co.. The grantee listed for this patent is Keith S. Warren. Invention is credited to Keith S. Warren.
United States Patent |
PP23,632 |
Warren |
May 28, 2013 |
Swamp white oak tree named `JFS-KW12`
Abstract
A variety of swamp white oak which combines vigorous growth,
large deep green glossy leaves, resistance to powdery mildew and
oak anthracnose, and an excellent branch structure that forms a
pyramidal canopy.
Inventors: |
Warren; Keith S. (Gresham,
OR) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Warren; Keith S. |
Gresham |
OR |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co.
(Boring, OR)
|
Family
ID: |
48445483 |
Appl.
No.: |
13/374,222 |
Filed: |
December 15, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/225 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
5/04 (20130101); A01H 6/00 (20180501) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/225 |
Primary Examiner: Hwu; June
Assistant Examiner: Myers; Louanne Krawczewicz
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Klarquist Sparkman, LLP
Claims
I claim:
1. A new and distinct variety of swamp white oak, substantially as
herein shown and described.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species: Quercus bicolor.
Variety denomination: `JFS-KW12`.
BACKGROUND
In 1998, I began a systematic program of selecting and evaluating
improved seedlings of swamp white oak, Quercus bicolor. Between
1998 and 2005, I walked the cultivated nursery production rows of
two year old trees of Quercus bicolor in a nursery in Boring, Oreg.
During this time, I walked dozens of rows and examined over 10,000
trees. From these, 66 trees with superior features were identified,
selected, and transplanted for further study. These plants were all
selected from trees that originated from seed of unknown,
unpatented Quercus bicolor trees. Of these 66 trees, 18 were chosen
as finalists, assigned identifying numbers, and planted out into an
evaluation block. I began propagating these 18 selected trees by
chip budding into small plots on Quercus bicolor rootstock.
This particular invention, `JFS-KW12` was first identified in the
late summer of 2002. My attention was first drawn to it by its
vigorous growth habit, its large deep green glossy leaves, and its
excellent branch structure. Further observation showed that it
possessed much greater resistance to powdery mildew and oak
anthracnose than typical seedlings of Quercus bicolor. In January
of 2003, I transplanted this original `JFS-KW12` tree to a special
evaluation row. In August of 2004, I began propagation of this new
tree by chip budding to compare it to seedlings and to other
promising selections of the species that I had identified. The
transplanted row, and the propagation by chip budding, were both in
a nursery in Boring, Oreg. Five trees of the `JFS-KW12` variety
were successfully propagated, were evaluated for two years, then
destroyed. In each year from 2005 to 2009, I again propagated small
plots of `JFS-KW12` trees, varying from 7 to 19 trees, for testing
and evaluation purposes. In each case, these trees were regularly
evaluated, and after two years the trees were dug and destroyed. In
2010 and 2011, I kept a total of 30 `JFS-KW12` trees for
evaluation, which were planted out under my direction and control
in nursery stock blocks in Boring, Oreg. and Canby, Oreg.
From the above propagation, I established that my new variety's
characteristics of vigorous growth, large deep green glossy leaves,
resistance to powdery mildew and oak anthracnose, and an excellent
branch structure are unique and firmly fixed in each successive
generation.
SUMMARY
This new cultivar possesses a unique combination of characteristics
in that it combines vigorous growth, large deep green glossy
leaves, resistance to powdery mildew and oak anthracnose, and an
excellent branch structure that forms a pyramidal canopy.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The colors of an illustration of this type may vary with lighting
conditions and, therefore, color characteristics of this new
variety should be determined with reference to the observations
described herein, rather than from these illustrations alone.
FIG. 1: Shows the original tree in the center of the photo at 11
years of age in fall color showing the straight trunk and leader,
pyramidal form, and fall color.
FIG. 2: Shows a two year old propagated tree illustrating pyramidal
form, straight leader, and branch angles.
FIG. 3: Shows a portion of a one year old tree with strong
branching and typical uniform branch angles.
FIG. 4: Shows the upper surface of foliage in summer color.
FIG. 5: Shows the lower surface of foliage in summer color.
FIG. 6: Show fall color progressively developing on the foliage of
a two year old tree.
FIG. 7: Shows the large, glossy, deeply colored leaves of
`JFS-KW12` on the right and typical leaves of Quercus bicolor
seedlings held in my hand on the left.
FIG. 8: Shows the upper surface of marcescent leaves in November,
with `JFS-KW12` on the left and leaves from Quercus bicolor
seedlings on the right, and illustrating the brighter appearance of
`JFS-KW12`.
FIG. 9: Shows the lower surface of marcescent leaves in November,
with `JFS-KW12` on the left and leaves from Quercus bicolor
seedlings on the right, and illustrating the light appearance of
`JFS-KW12`.
FIG. 10: Shows a dormant twig of a 2 year old propagated tree and
winter buds.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description of the `JFS-KW12` variety, with
color terminology in accordance with The Royal Horticultural
Society (R.H.S.), London, Colour Chart.COPYRGT. 1986, is based on
observations of the original tree and one and two year old progeny.
The observed progeny were trees that were growing in Boring, Oreg.
Scientific name: Quercus bicolor `JFS-KW12`. Parentage: Seed
parent.--Quercus bicolor. Pollen parent.--Quercus bicolor. Tree:
Overall shape.--Straight, sturdy, strong growing, upright pyramidal
tree with a strong central leader and upward angled branches.
Growth rate.--Moderately fast; faster than typical trees of the
species. Height.--Original tree; 6.8 meters at 11 years of age.
Width.--Original tree; 2.9 meters at 11 years of age. Trunk
diameter.--Original tree; 13.4 cm at 10 cm from ground; 12.0 cm at
1 meter, at 11 years of age. Trunk.--Original tree; sturdy, very
straight. Trunk bark texture.--Original tree; rough, shallowly
furrowed, partially peeling in vertical strips. Trunk bark
color.--Immature bark color: Grey-Green 197A. Mature bark color: A
combination of Grey-Brown 199B and Grey-Green 197B to 197A. The
peeling bark strips are mostly Grey-Green 197E and the more firmly
attached sections of the bark are mostly Grey-Brown 199B.
Lenticels: None visible on the mature trunk. Primary
branches.--Sturdy, radiating outward and upward at a uniform angle.
Branch length varies uniformly from shorter branches at the top of
the tree to longer branches at the base, creating a pyramidal
canopy. On propagated one year old and two year old trees, the same
pyramidal shape is evidenced by shorter branches near top of the
tree and longer branches below. Branch angle.--Branch angle varies
progressively from the top of the tree to the bottom, with angles
of 45.degree. at the top and increasing gradually to 80.degree. at
the bottom, as measured on the original tree. Branch
lenticels.--Oval, 1.0 mm by 0.5 mm, Orange-White 159A. Branch
bark.--Smooth when young. The color is Grey-Brown 199A to 199B on
one year old branches which changes to Grey-Green 197A to Black
202A in the second and third year. Dormant buds.--Imbricate,
broadly ovate to rounded, Greyed-Orange 165A to Greyed-Orange 165B.
Slightly pubescent. 2 mm to 3 mm long by about 2 mm to 3 mm in
diameter, but very slightly appressed. Internodes.--1.5 cm to 4.0
cm when measured on branches of two year old trees, average length
2.6 cm. Hardiness.--My new variety has tolerated temperatures to 10
degrees F. without damage in Boring, Oreg. My new variety has not
been tested at lower temperatures, but it is believed to have Zone
4 cold hardiness similar to the species. Disease
resistance.--Highly resistant to powdery mildew and to oak
anthracnose when compared to typical seedlings of the species.
Leaves: Except as otherwise noted, observations are from twenty
typical vigorous growth leaves. Arrangement.--Alternate.
Texture.--Smooth on upper surface, velvety below. Sheen.--Very
glossy on upper surface. Length.--12 cm to 24 cm when measured on
two year old trees. Width.--6 cm to 14 cm when measured on two year
old trees. Petioles.--14 mm to 24 mm long by 1.5 to 3.0 mm in
diameter. Smooth textured. Yellow-Green 145B on the lower surface.
Yellow-Green 145A on the upper surface with tint of Orange-Red 31A
on sun exposed surfaces, especially at the base. This Orange-Red
31A color intensifies in late summer and becomes Orange Red 34A at
the time the leaf blade is in fall color. Overall shape.--Obovate.
Leaf orientation.--Variable, depending on position in the canopy,
from upward angled to drooping. Leaves highest in the canopy tend
to be most upward, and lower leaves tend to droop.
Margin.--Undulate to moderately lobed, with the deepest lobes found
in the central to proximal portion of the leaf blade. The deepest
sinuses typically extend about halfway to the midrib. Tip.--Broadly
rounded with an undulate margin. Base.--Cuneate. Stipules.--None.
Veination.--Pinnate, quite prominent on the underside. Spring leaf
color, first emerging leaves.--Green 143A with a tint of Greyed-Red
179A over the top. Summer leaf color.--Upper leaf surface: Green
135A to Green 136B. Lower leaf surface: Green-White 157A to
Greyed-Green 192B. Vein: Yellow-Green 145A to Yellow-Green 145B on
the upper surface and Yellow-Green 145C on the lower surface. Fall
leaf color.--Fall color typically begins as Yellow-Orange 22C, then
progresses to Yellow-Orange 22B and then to Yellow-Orange 22A over
a period of about a week. After the foliage achieves full fall
color, the leaves become more dull in color over a period of about
a week and hold on the tree in a marcescent condition for a period
of one to two months, gradually defoliating over this period of
time. During the marcescent period, leaf color is Greyed-Orange
165B on the upper surface and Greyed-Orange 165C to Greyed-Orange
165D on the lower surface. Pubescence.--Heavily pubescent on the
underside with a short, thick, velvety tomentum. Glabrous on top.
Persistence.--Tree is partially marcescent, holding some leaves for
one to two months after fall color, then becomes completely
deciduous. Flowers: The original tree and its progeny have not yet
flowered. Fruit: The original tree and its progeny have not yet set
fruit. Comparison to the species: Compared to typical seedlings of
the species Quercus bicolor, my new variety is faster growing in
both height and stem diameter, produces a greater number of
branches with greater length, has larger leaves, has a more uniform
branch angle, and has darker summer foliage and a brighter
marcescent leaf color. In addition, my new variety has much
improved resistance to powdery mildew and oak anthracnose.
Measurements of one and two year old trees of my new variety and
seedlings of the species show size and form differences. Evaluation
of the original tree and propagated trees show the foliage quality
differences. These differences are detailed in Table 1, Table 2,
and Table 3 below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 1 Year Tree Feature: `JFS-KW12` Quercus
bicolor Seedling Height 1.9 m 1.6 m Trunk diameter 17 mm 11 mm
Number of branches 5.8 1.1 Average length of 55 cm 26 cm longest
branch Branch angle 40.degree. to 50.degree. 60.degree. to
90.degree.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 2 Year Tree Feature: `JFS-KW12` Quercus
bicolor Seedling Height 2.9 m 2.1 m Trunk diameter at 10 cm 2.6 cm
2.1 cm Number of branches 11.3 5.0 longer than 10 cm Average length
of lower 144 cm 92 cm four branches Average leaf length 19 cm 14
cm
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Foliage Feature: `JFS-KW12` Quercus bicolor
Seedling Leaf color of upper Green 135A to Green Green 138A to
Green 143A surface in summer 136B Leaf color of lower Green-White
157A to Yellow-Green 144A surface in summer Greyed-Green 192B Leaf
surface sheen in Very glossy Dull to satiny summer Marcescent leaf
color Greyed-Orange 165B Greyed-Orange 177A to of upper surface
Greyed-Orange 177B Marcescent leaf color Greyed-Orange 165C to
Greyed-Orange 177B of lower surface Greyed-Orange 165D Powdery
mildew Highly resistant Moderately susceptible susceptibility Oak
anthracnose Resistant Very susceptible susceptibility
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