U.S. patent number PP20,647 [Application Number 12/080,973] was granted by the patent office on 2010-01-19 for strawberry plant named `tamir`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to N/A, State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization. Invention is credited to Nir Dai, Sara Slotzky, Zecharia Tanami.
United States Patent |
PP20,647 |
Dai , et al. |
January 19, 2010 |
Strawberry plant named `TAMIR`
Abstract
This invention relates to a new and distinct variety of
strawberry plant named `TAMIR`. This new strawberry plant named
`TAMIR` is primarily adapted to the climate and growing conditions
of the growing conditions of the Sharon coastal plain, at
32.degree. latitude, located in Israel, and is primarily
characterized by low amounts of runners (stolons) production in the
propagating nursery; no chilling requirement for flower induction;
very early fruit production from the first week of November in
Israel; moderate plant size with open, flattened habit; fruiting
trusses position level with foliage; large fruit size, orange-red
in color; high fruit firmness even in high temperatures; juicy
fruit texture with strong flavor; very nice appearance with
yellowish achenes over bright red fruit skin; and high field
tolerance to powdery mildew.
Inventors: |
Dai; Nir (Kfar Maas,
IL), Tanami; Zecharia (Hasmonaim, IL),
Slotzky; Sara (Or Yehuda, IL) |
Assignee: |
State of Israel, Ministry of
Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research
Organization (Bet Dagan, IL)
N/A (N/A)
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Family
ID: |
39855026 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/080,973 |
Filed: |
April 8, 2008 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20080256672 P1 |
Oct 16, 2008 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Apr 10, 2007 [IL] |
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4029/07 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/209 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
6/7409 (20180501); A01H 5/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/208,209 |
Other References
Kunihisa, et al., "Development of Cleavage Amplified Polymorphic
Sequence (CAPS) Markers for Identification of Strawberry
Cultivars," Euphytica, 2003, vol. 134, No. 2, pp. 209-215. cited by
other.
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Primary Examiner: McCormick Ewoldt; Susan B
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner LLP
Claims
We claim:
1. A new and distinct strawberry plant named `TAMIR`, as herein
described and illustrated by the characteristics set forth above,
having a low number of daughter plants in the propagation nursery,
not requiring chilling for flower induction, and having very early
fruit production from the first week of November.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Fragaria
ananassa.
Variety denomination: `TAMIR`.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct strawberry
variety named `TAMIR`. The variety is botanically known as Fragaria
ananassa Duch.
The new strawberry `TAMIR` is a product of a planned breeding
program conducted by the inventors, Nir Dai, Zecharia Tanami and
Sara Slotzky in Bet-Dagan, Israel. The objective of the breeding
program is to develop a new infra short-day strawberry variety
having premium fruit quality (appearance, firmness and flavor),
which produces high marketable yields from the beginning of
November.
This new strawberry `TAMIR` is a result of a controlled cross made
by the inventors in 2000, in Bet-Dagan, Israel. The female or seed
parent is strawberry variety designated `HADAS`, registered for PBR
in Israel (No. 1860, Date: Jan. 20, 1999) and in Europe (No. EU
6445, Date: Jul. 3, 2000). The male or pollen parent is strawberry
variety designated `HERUT`, registered for PBR in Israel (No. 2243,
Date: May 2, 2002) and in Europe (No. EU 21583, Date: Dec. 17,
2007). The new strawberry `TAMIR` was discovered and selected by
the inventors as a single flowering plant within the progeny of the
stated cross in March of 2001, in controlled environment of an
experimental greenhouse in Bet-Dagan, Israel. After its selection,
the new variety was asexually propagated by stolons in a nursery
located in Bet-Dagan, Israel. The new variety was extensively
tested over the following years in few small commercial fields in
Moshav Tsofit, Kadima and Qalansawa, Israel. This propagation has
demonstrated that the combination of characteristics as herein
disclosed for the new cultivar are firmly fixed and retained
through successive generations of asexual reproduction. The new
cultivar reproduces true to type.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`TAMIR` is primarily adapted to the climate and growing conditions
of the Sharon coastal plain, at 32.degree. latitude, located in
Israel and to similar climatic regions. This region provides the
needed growing conditions of autumn with high temperatures that
promote primary plant growth and earliness of fruit production; and
mild winter with moderate temperatures and many sunny days with low
humidity, maintaining plant vigorous and fruit quality during the
production months.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are
determined to be unique characteristics of `TAMIR`, which in
combination distinguish this strawberry plant as a new and distinct
variety: 1. Low amounts of runners (stolons) production in the
propagating nursery; 2. No chilling requirement for flower
induction; 3. Very early fruit production from the first week of
November in Israel; 4. Moderate plant size with open, flattened
habit; 5. Fruiting trusses position level with foliage; 6. Large
fruit size, orange-red in color; 7. High fruit firmness even in
high temperatures; 8. Juicy fruit texture with strong flavor; 9.
Very nice appearance with yellowish achenes over bright red fruit
skin; and 10. High field tolerance to powdery mildew.
Plants of the new strawberry variety `TAMIR` differ from plants of
the parents, `HADAS`, registered for PBR in Israel (No. 1860, Date:
Jan. 20, 1999) and in Europe (No. EU 6445, Date: Jul. 3, 2000), and
`HERUT`, registered for PBR in Israel (No. 2243, Date: May 2, 2002)
and in Europe (No. EU 21583, Date: Dec. 17, 2007) in the
characteristics described in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 `HADAS` `HERUT` Characteristic `TAMIR`
Registered Registered Average fruit 22 gram 25 gram 20 gram weight
(gm) Unevenness of Absent or very Weak Weak fruit surface weak
Insertion of Level with Level with Slightly below achenes surface
surface surface Attitude of calyx Clasping or Clasping or Clasping
or detached detached detached Firmness of the Firm Medium Medium
fruit Plant size Medium Medium Large Average number Few Many Very
many of stolons Foliage color Medium to dark Dark Medium to (upper
surface) dark Interveinal leaf Weak Weak Weak blistering Vigor
Medium Medium Strong Position relative Level with Above Beneath to
foliage
Of the many commercial cultivars known to the present inventor, the
most similar in comparison to the new strawberry variety `TAMIR` is
the male or pollen parental cultivar, strawberry variety `HERUT`
(registered for PBR in Israel and Europe). Plants of the new
strawberry variety `TAMIR` differ from plants of strawberry variety
`HERUT` in the characteristics described in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 `HERUT` Characteristic `TAMIR` Registered
Average fruit weight (gm) 22 gram 20 gram Insertion of achenes
Level with surface Slightly below surface Attitude of calyx
Clasping or detached Clasping or detached Firmness of the fruit
Firm Medium Plant size Medium Large Average number of stolons Few
Very many Fruit color Orange-red Red to dark red Fruit tip color
Without green tip Dominant green tip Foliage size Medium Large
Inflorescence position Level with Beneath relative to foliage
For its identification, a series of molecular markers have been
developed for this new variety. The genetic polymorphic pattern of
two Cleavage Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers (A. APX-
MluI and B. CTI-HinfI (Kunihisa et al., 2003)) that differ between
the new strawberry cultivar `TAMIR` and the main commercial Israeli
strawberry cultivars, as well as, other widely known strawberry
cultivars is shown in FIG. 7.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying color photographs illustrate the overall
appearance of typical specimens of the new strawberry variety
`TAMIR`, at various stages of development as true as it is
reasonably possible with color reproductions of this type. Color in
the photographs may differ slightly from the color value cited in
the botanical description which accurately describes the color of
`TAMIR`. The depicted plant and plant parts of the new strawberry
variety `TAMIR` were taken in Moshav Tsofit, Israel, and are
approximately 5 month old.
FIG. 1 shows typical fruiting field characteristics of `TAMIR`
taken in February of 2007.
FIG. 2 shows a close-up view of the typical leaf structure of
`TAMIR` taken in February of 2008.
FIG. 3A shows typical mature and immature field fruit of `TAMIR`
taken in February of 2007 and
FIG. 3B shows typical mature and immature field fruit of `TAMIR`
taken in February of 2008.
FIG. 4 shows a close-up external view of mature fruit of `TAMIR`
taken in February of 2007.
FIG. 5 shows a close-up internal view of mature fruit
characteristics of `TAMIR` taken in February of 2008.
FIG. 6. Average August to March maximum and minimum temperatures,
during the main strawberry growing season at the fruit production
field.
FIG. 7. The genetic polymorphic pattern of 12 strawberry accessions
at two CAPS markers: A. APX- MluI and B. CTI-HinfI (following
Kunisha, et al. (2003)).
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
`TAMIR` has not been observed under all possible environmental
conditions. The characteristics of the new variety may vary in
detail, depending upon variations in environmental factors,
including weather (temperature, humidity and light intensity), day
length, soil type and location.
The aforementioned photographs, together with the following
observations, measurements and values describe the new strawberry
variety `TAMIR`, unless otherwise noted, taken during the winter of
the growing season 2007 2008 in Moshav Geolim and Bet-Dagan,
Israel. The observations, measurements and values were taken from
plants of `TAMIR` dug from a low-elevation nursery located in
Moshav Geolim and Bet-Dagan, Israel, during September, 2007 and
planted directly, without any chilling, in the same day in the
commercial field in Moshav Geolim and experimental greenhouse
Bet-Dagan, Israel. Plants of the new strawberry variety `TAMIR`
were grown under conditions which closely approximate those
generally used in commercial practice.
Growing conditions at the nursery:
Mother plants provided from an authorized nursery are planted in
the beginning of May, in the field nursery at 2.5 m.times.2.5 m
distance. Combination of overhead and drip irrigation with addition
of fertilizers is used. The average day/night temperatures during
the establishment of the daughter plants, between June to August,
are 32.degree. C./18.degree. C. respectively. Runners appear from
June, which produce young daughter plants up till mid September,
these are then collected and planted directly in the commercial
fields.
Growing conditions at the fruit production field:
The bare rooted plants are washed from soil and dipped in Octav
(Prochloraz manganese) 2 g/Liter solution to avoid anthracnose.
These bare rooted plants are then planted in raised beds with
overhead irrigation in 4 rows at 30 cm apart. Distance between
plants within rows is 32 cm. During the first month, no fertilizers
are added, due to the addition of 60 100 m.sup.3/hectar compost
during field preparation. About 4 weeks after planting the beds are
covered with silvery-black, 30 micron polyethylene. The young
plants are pulled out through the pre-prepared holes. From this
point on, the plants are irrigated with a drip system with a supply
of additional fertilizers, as is typically used in agricultural
practice. By the end of October the beds are covered with
transparent, 80 micron thick polyethylene tunnels. The average day
(max) and night (minimum) temperatures during the cultivation
season are shown in FIG. 6.
During winter in Israel, most days have full sunlight and only
average of 82 rainy days from August to June, producing about 620
mm precipitation. The commercial fields are not treated with growth
regulators and regularly are irrigated and fertilized according to
need during fruit production.
Yield observations and fruit quality characteristics are averaged
from 2 years of data collected from the 2006 to 2007 and 2007 to
2008 growing seasons. Flower measurements and characteristics are
from secondary flowers unless otherwise noted. Fruit
characteristics and measurements are from secondary fruit unless
otherwise noted.
Color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour
Chart (R.H.S.), except where general colors of ordinary
significance are used. Color values were taken under daylight
conditions between 10:00 a.m. to noon in Bet-Dagan, Israel. The
approximate age of the observed plants is 4 to 6 months.
The following Tables 3 to 9 describe fruit, plant, stolon, foliage,
fruiting truss, flower and pest/disease characteristics of the new
strawberry `TAMIR`.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic `TAMIR`
Color of mature fruit Orange-red, RHS 34A Color of internal flesh
Orange-red, RHS 33B Length (cm) 5 cm to 7 cm Width (cm) 3.2 cm to 4
cm Ratio length/width Longer than broad Calyx diameter (cm) 3.0 cm
to 3.5 cm Average weight (gm) About 22 gram Achene color
Yellow-green, RHS 154B Number of achenes per berry About 200 Achene
weight (mg) Not relevant Marketable yield (gm/plt) Monthly yield
Nov. 53 gram/plant Dec. 143 gram/plant Jan. 155 gram/plant Feb. 184
gram/plant Mar. 232 gram/plant Apr. 165 gram/plant May 119
gram/plant Total: 1051 gram/plant Size Large Predominant shape
Conical Difference in shapes Slight between primary and secondary
fruit Band without achenes Narrow Unevenness of surface Weak
Evenness of color Slightly uneven Glossiness Medium to strong
Insertion of achenes Level with Insertion of calyx Level Attitude
of the calyx Clasping or detached Size of calyx in relation to Same
size fruit diameter Adherence of calyx Strong Firmness of skin Not
relevant Firmness of flesh Firm Distribution of red color When
viewed in longitudinal section - of the flesh marginal distribution
of orange-red color of flesh of fruit (orange-red color (RHS 33B)
towards outer rim of flesh of fruit, and white (RHS N155B) near
inner part of flesh of fruit) Hollow center expression Weak Flavor
Strong Soluble solids (% brix) 8.5-10% Time of first flowering Very
early, from the beginning of October Time of first harvesting Very
early, from the beginning of November Harvest period November to
June Type of bearing Partially remontant
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 PLANT CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic `TAMIR`
Height (cm) 8 cm to 13 cm Spread (cm) 28 cm to 33 cm Size Medium
Habit Flattened - globular Density Sparse. Vigor Moderate
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 STOLON CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic
`TAMIR` Average number per plant Few Fruiting field Few, until the
first harvest Average Length: About 2.5 m Color: Green, RHS 144B
Anthocyanin coloration Greyed-red RHS 181C Anthocyanin intensity
Very weak to weak Diameter at bract (mm) 3 mm to 4 mm Pubescence
Strong
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 FOLIAGE CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic
`TAMIR` Foliage: Color of upper surface Medium to dark green, RHS
137A Color of under side Light green, RHS 138B Shape in cross
section Slightly concave Interveinal blistering Weak Glossiness
Weak to medium Number of leaflets Only three Terminal Leaflet:
Length (cm) 6 cm to 8 cm Width (cm) About 6 cm Length/width ratio
Slightly longer than broad Incision of margin Crenate Shape of base
Rounded Shape of teeth Rounded Petiole: Length (cm) 8 cm to 9 cm
Diameter (mm) About 3 mm Petiolule length (mm) 4 mm to 7 mm
Pubescence Dense Attitude of hairs Outwards Stipule: Length (mm)
About 30 mm Width (mm) About 10 mm Anthocyanin coloration None
Color Yellow-green, RHS 145B
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 FRUITING TRUSS CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic `TAMIR` Length (cm) About 6 cm Position relative to
foliage Level with Pubescence Strong Anthocyanin intensity None
Attitude at first pick Prostrate Difference between primary Very
slight and secondary flower
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic
`TAMIR` Petal color Mature (upper) White, RHS 155B Mature (lower)
White, RHS 155B Immature (upper) Not relevant Immature (lower) Not
relevant Petal shape Overall Rounded Apex Rounded Base Rounded
Petal length (mm) 10 mm to 12 mm Petal width (mm) 11 mm to 13 mm
Petal length/width ratio Slightly broader than long Number of
petals/flower Typically 5, sometimes 6 Sepals color Mature (upper)
Medium green, RHS 137C Mature (lower) Light green, RHS 138B
Immature (upper) Not relevant Immature (lower) Not relevant Sepal
shape Overall Elliptic Apex Typically acute Base Truncate Sepal
length (mm) 10 mm to 12 mm Sepal width (mm) 4 mm to 6 mm Sepal
length/width ratio Longer than broad Number of sepals/flower
Typically 10, sometimes 20 Corolla diameter (mm) 30 mm to 34 mm
Calyx diameter (mm) 35 mm to 40 mm Size of calyx relative to
Slightly longer corolla Size of inner calyx Slightly smaller
relative to outer calyx Relative position of petals Overlapping
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Characteristic `TAMIR`
Androecium: Stamen: Number per flower: About 20 to 30. Filament:
Length: About 3 mm to 4 mm. Color: Light yellow green, closest to
RHS 145D. Anther: Length: About 1 mm. Color: Yellow-orange, RHS
17A. Gynoecium: Receptacles: Shape: Spherical. Length: About 5 mm
to 6 mm. Diameter: About 4 mm to 6 mm. Color: Green, RHS 143C.
Style: Length: About 3 mm to 4 mm. Color: Dark yellow, closest to
RHS 13A.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 PEST AND DISEASE REACTIONS Characteristic
`TAMIR` Two spotted spider mite No testing/observations Lygus bug
No testing/observations Flower thrips No testing/observations
Powdery mildew Tolerant Botrytis fruit rot Moderately tolerant
Angular leaf spot No testing/observations
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