U.S. patent number PP18,292 [Application Number 11/315,886] was granted by the patent office on 2007-12-11 for dogwood tree named `missy's appalachian morning`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to University of Tennessee Research Foundation. Invention is credited to Robert N. Trigiano, Alan S. Windham, Mark T. Windham.
United States Patent |
PP18,292 |
Trigiano , et al. |
December 11, 2007 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Dogwood tree named `Missy's Appalachian Morning`
Abstract
A new distinct cultivar of dogwood, Cornus florida L., named
`Missy's Appalachian Morning`, is provided. This cultivar is
characterized by producing fruit with seeds that will not germinate
after industry standard cold/moist stratification for 4 months.
Inventors: |
Trigiano; Robert N. (Knoxville,
TN), Windham; Mark T. (Knoxville, TN), Windham; Alan
S. (Murfreesboro, TN) |
Assignee: |
University of Tennessee Research
Foundation (Knoxville, TN)
|
Family
ID: |
38195463 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/315,886 |
Filed: |
December 22, 2005 |
Prior Publication Data
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|
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20070150992 P1 |
Jun 28, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/220 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
5/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/220 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
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PP13098 |
October 2002 |
Windham et al. |
PP13099 |
October 2002 |
Windham et al. |
PP13165 |
November 2002 |
Windham et al. |
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Primary Examiner: Bell; Kent
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Saliwanchik, Lloyd &
Saliwanchik
Claims
We claim:
1. A new and distinct cultivar of Dogwood, Cornus florida L., named
`MISSY'S APPALACHIAN MORNING`, as illustrated and described.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of
flowering dogwood, which produces fruit with seed(s) that fail to
germinate after industry standard cold stratification procedures.
This dogwood is botanically known as Cornus florida L. and
hereinafter referred to by the following cultivar name: `Missy's
Appalachian Morning`.
This new dogwood cultivar was discovered growing in the landscape
at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tenn. in 1998.
`Missy's Appalachian Morning` is a white flowering dogwood
possessing good horticultural traits including inflorescences
subtended with square, overlapping white bracts. It is unique in
that the seeds produced by sexual reproduction will not germinate
following cold/moist stratification for four (4) months, which is
the standard in the nursery industry. Asexual reproduction of
`Missy's Appalachian Morning` by terminal cuttings harvested at the
Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in Knoxville, Tenn. and
grafting of axillary buds onto seedling rootstocks have shown that
the unique features of this new dogwood cultivar are stable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1. Photograph of a typical inflorescences of `Missy's
Appalachian Morning` depicting subtending bracts, flower buds and
bark characteristics. Inflorescences, flower buds and fall foliage
colors in the photograph may differ from the actual colors due to
lighting and light reflectance.
FIG. 2. A similarity index for various dogwoods.
FIG. 3. Cluster analysis of various dogwoods.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW VARIETY
`Missy's Appalachian Morning` is a white flowering dogwood cultivar
established in the landscape of the University of Tennessee campus
in Knoxville, Tenn. This cultivar has been reproduced asexually by
rooting cuttings and grafting axillary buds onto seedling
rootstock.
`Missy's Appalachian Morning` has white (Green-White Group 157 D:
All color classifications are based on The Royal Horticultural
Society's Colour Chart) bracts. The upper pair of bracts overlap
the lower bracts. The lower pair of bracts average almost 35 mm in
length and 42 mm in width. The upper bracts have the dimensions of
35 mm length by 34 mm in width (N=20). The greatest overall width
of the inflorescences averages approximately 85 mm (n=20). The
clefts at the end of the bracts are Red-Purple (59A) when color is
present and may be either flat or pointed. Flower petals are
Yellow-green (151B) with Green (134B) sepals and Yellow (2C)
anthers. There are about 29 flowers per inflorescence (n=20).
`Missy's Appalachian Morning` is white flowering dogwood, which, to
the knowledge of the inventors, is the only cultivar that the seeds
will not germinate after standard industry practices of cold/moist
stratification for four (4) months. A summary is provided in Table
1 for 1998 through 2003 data collected at the University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Germination of dogwood seeds. `Missy's
Year.sup.a Appalachian Morning` Other Landscape Dogwoods 1998/1999
.sup. 0/241.sup.b 0% 375/485 77% 1999/2000 0/64 0% 251/335 75%
2000/2001 0/283 0% 463/560 83% 2001/2002 0/179 0% 198/250 80%
2002/2003 0/334 0% 267/345 77% Totals 0/1101 0% 1554/1975 79%
.sup.aBerries were collected in mid-October, depulped and the seeds
dried for two days. Seeds were placed in a moist sand/peat mixture
and stored at 4C for four months. Germination was assessed one
month after placing in the greenhouse (mid-March the following
year). .sup.bnumerator equals the number of seeds that germinated;
denominator equals the number of seeds placed in cold.
DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) was used to type `Missy's
Appalachian Morning`. The methodology followed that of Trigiano and
Caetano-Anolles (HortTechnology, 8:413-423 [1998]). Data, obtained
from 144 loci generated from genomic DNA using six (6) arbitrary
octomeric primers, were used to compare `Missy's Appalachian
Morning`, the subject of his application, to other dogwoods
including patented powdery mildew resistant cultivars `Karen's
Appalachian Bush` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 13,165 P2), `Kay's
Appalachian Mist` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 13,098 P2) and `Jean's
Appalachian Snow` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 13,099 P2) and other
commonly found cultivars in nurseries, including C. florida
`Plena`, which also exhibits white bracts (supernumerary bracts
also), but is sterile and C. florida `Cherokee Brave`, a
red-bracted cultivar. The sequence of the primers were the
following (5' to 3'): GAG CCT GT; GAT CGC AG; GTA TCG CC; AAT GCA
GC; CTA ACG CC; and GTA ACG CC. DAF as well as cluster analyses
were completed using the NTSYS-pc program, version 2.2 (Exeter
Software, 100 N. Country Road, Sedtauket, N.T. 11733). A similarity
index is provided in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 which depicts the cluster
analysis of the relationship between flowering dogwood
cultivars.
The abbreviation found in FIGS. 2 and 3 are as follows:
Blush=`Karen's Appalachian Blush`; Joy=`Appalachian Joy`;
Morning=`Missy's Appalachian Morning`; Snow=`Jean's Appalachian
Snow`; Spring=`Appalachian Spring`; Brave=`Cherokee Brave`;
Princess=`Cherokee Princess`; and Plena=`Plena`. All are
white-bracted flowering dogwood cultivars except `Cherokee Brave`,
which is red.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The following observations, measurements and comparisons describe
this cultivar grown in Knoxville, Tenn. The dogwood used for this
description was about 15 days old and was growing in the landscape
of The University of Tennessee Agricultural Campus. Plant hardiness
is expected to be zones 5-9.
The following descriptions uses color references to The Royal
Horticultural Society Colour Chart, except where general terms of
ordinary dictionary significance are used. All color ratings were
on adaxial surfaces. Ratings for abaxial surfaces were not obtained
because reflected/refracted light, due to the density of pubescence
on abaxial surfaces, made accurate color determinations difficult
or impossible. Measurements are provided as a range with the middle
value providing the average (lower limit<average value<upper
limit). Botanical classification: Cornus florida L., `Missy's
Appalachian Morning`. Parentage: Unknown. Propagation:
Type.--Terminal softwood cuttings. Time to initiate roots (in
June).--About 3-4 weeks at about 25-30.degree. C. Rooting
habit.--Profuse from base of cutting. Rooting
hormone.--5,000-10,000 ppm; five (5) second quick dip of DIP `N`
GROW (1% IBA, 0.5% NAA) (Dip `N` Grow, Inc., Clackamas, Oreg.).
Intermittent mist.--Six (6) seconds ever six (6) minutes.
Light.--30-50% shade cloth over propagation bench.
Media.--Peat-perlite. Axillary bud grafting in mid-August to
mid-September onto Cornus florida rootstock derived from bulked
seed collections. Plant description: Plant form and growth
habit.--Perennial deciduous tree, mostly upright with more or less
horizontal branching. Plant size.--A fifteen (15) year-old tree
attained the height of about 550 cm and a width of about 155 cm. A
four year-old tree from budding attained the height of about 180 cm
and a diameter of about 5.5 cm. Vigor.--Similar to other Cornus
florida cultivars. Branching habit.--Moderate, branch crotch angles
of about 20-40.degree. to main trunk. Main stem/trunk
description.--Diameter: about 18.5 cm; bark texture: smooth; bark
color: Gray-green group (197C). Lateral branch description.--Branch
angle of about 45.degree. with a range of 40-52.degree.. Foliage
description: Arrangement.--Simple, opposite; leaves mostly crowded
towards branch apices. Leaf blade length
(cm).--10.4<10.9<12.2 (n=10). Leaf blade width
(cm).--5.2<6.2<7.4 (n=10). Petiole length
(cm).--5.2<6.2<7.4 (n=10). Petiole diameter (mm).--About
0.9<1.3<1.7 (n=10). Shape.--Broadly ovate. Apex.--Acuminate,
leaf tips mostly flat. Base.--Acute to cuneate, about 5% unequal.
Margin.--Entire, slightly undulate. Texture.--Upper surface: nearly
glabrous lower surface: leaf hairs profuse on veins and vein axils
(u) -- 15<25<36. Color.--Yellow-green 144 A. Leaf vein
arrangement.--Six (6) pairs, mostly opposite. Petiole reflexed
about 80.degree. from the plane of the leaf. Bipolar
trichomes.--Upper surface -- low density (um) 6<7.2<10 lower
surface (um) 6<9.8<14. Flower description: Fragrance.--None.
Flower bud size.--7.3 mm (widest diameter) (n=10). 5.3 mm (base to
tip) (n=10). Shape of involucral bracts.--Obovate/pandurate. Apex
shape of involucral bracts.--Cuneate. Number of bracts.--4. Natural
flowering season.--Typically first through last week in April.
Inflorescence arrangement.--The rigid sets of bracts overlap. The
outer pair of bracts (closest to the receptacle) are almost square
(35 mm in length.times.34 mm in width) and the inner sets of bracts
are wider (42 mm) than they are long (35 mm) (n=20). Inflorescence
width (fully open).--About 8.5 cm (n=20). Bracts.--Bract
dimensions: The outer pair of bracts (closest to the receptacle)
are almost square (35 mm in length.times.34 mm in width) and the
inner sets of bracts are wider (42 mm) than they are long (35 mm)
(n=20). Bracts are green white (157 D) and clefts are pointed or
flat develop and Red-purple (59A). Fully expanded inflorescences
are about 85 mm wide. Floral development is asynchronous within the
inflorescence. Anthers are Yellow (2C) and average 1.2 mm in
length. There are four (4) stamens. Sepals.--The four (4) sepals
are Green (134B). The four sepals are fused into an elongated
cylinder approximately 2.4 mm in diameter. Individual sepals are
entire and smooth culminating into an equal-sided point (acute
apex). Each side of the point is approximately 0.8 mm. Each sepal
from the base to the tip averages approximately 3.7 mm and is about
1.3 mm wide (n=20). Flower number.--About 29 per inflorescence.
Petal color.--Yellow green (151B). Ovary.--Bilocular with each
locule have one (1) ovule. Fruit description: Berry
type.--Elliptical drupe (about 14 mm.times.7 mm) aggregated on the
receptacle. Typically, 1 to 11 berries per inflorescence. Berry
color (when ripe in October).--Deep red (45 A); flesh yellow-orange
(22 A).
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