U.S. patent number PP16,566 [Application Number 10/401,691] was granted by the patent office on 2006-05-23 for mint plant `kushal` for late transplanting.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Invention is credited to Janak Raj Bahl, Ravi Prakash Bansal, Mahendra Pandurang Darokar, Om Parkash Dhawan, Sunita Dhawan, Soni Gupta, Alok Kaira, Suman Preet Singh Khanuja, Alok Krishna, Raj Kishori Lal, Ali Arif Naqvi, Sweta Pandey, Ajit Kumar Shasany, Anil Kumar Singh, Virendra Kumar Singh Tomar, Usha Yadav.
United States Patent |
PP16,566 |
Khanuja , et al. |
May 23, 2006 |
Mint plant `Kushal` for late transplanting
Abstract
The present invention was related to the development of a novel,
distinct high yielding plant with rapid regeneration ability
obtained through screening of the somaclones in a methodical way
for fast regeneration in the tissue culture stage itself which was
achieved by inventing the plant `Kushal`. The plant yield higher
herbage with corresponding high essential oil when evaluated with
available superior varieties of mint in late planting condition
during April when the fields are vacated after the harvest of Rabi
crop like wheat, chickpea, coriander etc. Further the suckers
required for commercial vegetative planting can be produced even in
low land condition as the plant is reasonably tolerant to water
logging compared to the best check `Kosi`.
Inventors: |
Khanuja; Suman Preet Singh
(Lucknow, IN), Shasany; Ajit Kumar (Lucknow,
IN), Yadav; Usha (Lucknow, IN), Dhawan;
Sunita (Lucknow, IN), Darokar; Mahendra Pandurang
(Lucknow, IN), Bahl; Janak Raj (Lucknow,
IN), Gupta; Soni (Lucknow, IN), Pandey;
Sweta (Lucknow, IN), Singh; Anil Kumar (Lucknow,
IN), Bansal; Ravi Prakash (Lucknow, IN),
Lal; Raj Kishori (Lucknow, IN), Dhawan; Om
Parkash (Lucknow, IN), Naqvi; Ali Arif (Lucknow,
IN), Kaira; Alok (Lucknow, IN), Krishna;
Alok (Lucknow, IN), Tomar; Virendra Kumar Singh
(Lucknow, IN), Singh; Anil Kumar (Lucknow,
IN) |
Assignee: |
Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (New Delhi, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
32989509 |
Appl.
No.: |
10/401,691 |
Filed: |
March 31, 2003 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20040194176 P1 |
Sep 30, 2004 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/259 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
1/04 (20130101); A01H 5/02 (20130101); A01H
5/12 (20130101); C12Q 1/6895 (20130101); C12Q
2600/13 (20130101); C12Q 2600/156 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/259 |
Primary Examiner: Grunberg; Anne Marie
Assistant Examiner: Hwu; June
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner, LLP
Claims
I claim:
1. A new and distinct Mentha arvensis plant named `Kushal`,
developed through tissue culture as shown and described.
Description
Genus and species of the plant claimed: Mentha arvensis L.
Variety denomination: `Kushal`.
FIELD OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention is related to the development of a novel high
yielding plant obtained through a unique method of screening of the
somaclones in a methodical way for better regeneration. The
selected plant establishes quickly in the field when shoot cuttings
are planted much later than the normal planting time/season. The
overall essential oil and menthol yield from the said plant is high
compared to other existing varieties when planted late through
shoot cuttings as transplanted mint. This plant is unique and
clearly distinct from all other existing varieties of Mentha
arvensis L. The new variety has been named as `Kushal` which can be
propagated vegetatively through suckers for commercial cultivation.
All the experiment related to the development of the invented plant
`Kushal` were conducted at the farm of CIMAP, Lucknow, UP,
India.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART REFERENCES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Mentha arvensis Linn. Var piperescens. Holmes (methol or Japanese
mint) is a highly valued industrial crop due to menthol, which is
purified by crystallization through freezing from its essential
oil. At CIMAP continuous improvement of the genotypes leading to
betterment of different commercially important characters are
underway. One of-the critical steps in menthol mint cultivation is
the date of planting which determines the optimum yield of menthol
after harvesting. In India the planting duration extends from mid
of January to first quarter of February. Prior to planting the crop
during this period, a small portion of land is used for sucker
production during the month of September to January. During this
period the underground suckers multiply vigorously which are used
for planting in the main field.
But the sucker planting of mint during January and February (the
normal planting time) interferes into the Rabi season crops like
wheat, chickpea, coriander etc having a full grown crop stand at
that time to be harvested at the mid to end of April. The Rabi
cropping season starts at September-October to April-May. Planting
in the month of January-February thus leads to the compromise for
some of the Rabi harvest. The existing varieties of mints if
planted late, i.e. in March-April show significant reduction in the
biomass yield. In the varietal improvement programmes, the genetic
alternations leading to enhancement in the menthol content in the
essential oil and improving other adaptive characters determining
the yield and quality of essential oil are most desirable.
So we planned experiments for developing a genotype which can be
transplanted through stem cuttings instead of sucker planting after
the Rabi harvest in mid April and also through sucker mode during
normal planting in January-February without compromising on yield.
The most desirable trait for such a genotype would be high and
rapid regenerability of cuttings and that is what was achieved in
the plant `Kushal` of Mentha arvensis.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The object of the present invention was to develop a novel high
menthol producing plant through screening of the somaclones in a
methodical way for better regeneration in the tissue culture stage
itself which was achieved by inventing the plant `Kushal`. The
selected plant adapts quickly to the field condition when shoot
cuttings are planted late than the normal planting duration. The
essential oil yield from the said plant is high coupled with the
property of being rich in menthol compared to other existing
varieties when planted late from the shoot cuttings. This plant is
unique and clearly distinct from all other existing varieties of
Mentha arvensis L. The new variety has been named as `Kushal` which
can be propagated vegetatively through suckers for commercial
cultivation. The suckers required for commercial vegetative
planting can be produced even in water logging condition as the
plant is tolerant to water logging compared to the best check
Kosi.
`Kushal` is stable and reproduces true to type in successive
generations of asexual reproduction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying colored photographs illustrate the overall
appearance of the new mint plant `Kushal` showing the colors as
true as is reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this
type. Color in the photographs may differ slightly from the color
value cited in the detailed botanical description which accurately
describes the color of `Kushal`.
FIG. 1 is a colored photograph depicting a `Kushal` plant (60 days
after transplanting) in the field.
FIG. 2 is a colored photograph depicting the growth of field grown
`Kushal` plants (45 days after planting for sucker production) at
the top of the photograph as compared to field grown `Saksham`
plants (45 days after planting for sucker production) at the bottom
of photograph; both plants are in water logging conditions.
FIG. 3 is a black and white photograph depicting the RAPD profile
of a `Kushal` plant compared to a `Himalaya` plant and `Saksham`
plant using primer CACCCTGCCGC (on the left) and primer CATCCCGAAC
(on the right).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
We used the plant `Himalaya` PP 10935), an elite mint genotype for
large scale screening of in vitro raised clones (Khanuja S P S,
Shasany A K, Dhawan S, Sushil Kumar, 1998, Rapid procedure for
isolating somaclones of altered genotypes in Mentha arvensis. J
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 20:359-361) to select clones
with high regeneration capacity. Experiments were conducted using
these clones for in vitro regenerability of shoot explants on MS
based medium (Murashige T and Skoog F, 1962, A revised medium for
rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures; Physiol.
Planta. 15 473-497.). Passage transfers were repeatedly done at 15
days intervals for which every time the appearing shoots (after one
month) were cut and inoculated afresh on the medium.
Out of about 1645 shoots screened 25 shoots showed the initiation
of regeneration much earlier (fast growth as observed visually).
After 20 passage transfers only one shoot (Clone M12), repeatedly
demonstrated extra early initiation of regeneration followed by
rapid growth compared to the other screened shoots. The internodal
explants from these clone could show sign of shoot initiation from
multiple sites within 7 days of inoculation compared to other
clones showing regeneration much later. During passage transfers of
the regenerated shoots the growth was rapid compared to the other
clones as observed visually. The selected shoot was then multiplied
in the medium described earlier (A. K. Shasany, S. p. s. Khanuja,
S. Dhawan, U. Yadav, S. Sharma, S. Kumar, High regenerative nature
of Mentha arvensis internodes. Journal of Biosciences 23 (1998)
641-646.).
The plantlets were hardened, transferred to the glasshouse and
subsequently grown in the field for sucker production. This clone
(M12) at this stage was designated as `CIMAP/GRB 12`. The suckers
produced were planted in the field of comparative field evaluation
in initial field trails with other varieties in the last week of
January as normal planting date for 2 consecutive years in RBD
fashion and different growth and yield characteristics were
recorded (Table I). For field trails 10m.times.10 m plots were
prepared by adding only FYM 1.5 ton per ha and the crop was
harvested 110 days after planting and the second harvesting was 70
after the first harvest.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparative growth and yield characteristics
of plant of invention `CIMAP/GRB 12` in relation to the existing
Japanese mint varieties (Average of field trials in the years 1999
and 2000) when planted during last week of January (normal planting
time). CIMAP/ Property Himalaya Kalka Kosi GRB12 Plant height (cm)
60.9 .+-. 6.2 51.6 .+-. 2.7 66.2 .+-. 3.1 70.9 .+-. 0.7 Canopy (cm)
62-70 40-60 65-72 83-85 Leaf number 40.2 .+-. 4.2 38.0 .+-. 2.0
50.4 .+-. 3.8 41.0 .+-. 1.0 Branch length 40.4 .+-. 6.8 45 .+-. 9.7
52.0 .+-. 5.7 46.7 .+-. 0.9 Branch number 29.2 .+-. 4.0 27.2 .+-.
1.1 30.4 .+-. 1.7 32.0 .+-. 1.2 Leaf length 7.1 .+-. 0.5 7.4 .+-.
0.8 7.40 .+-. 0.7 7.75 .+-. 0.3 Leaf breadth 4.5 .+-. 0.2 4.0 .+-.
0.3 4.60 .+-. 0.5 4.8 .+-. 0.4 Petiole length 1.75 .+-. 0.3 1.5
.+-. 0.5 1.4 .+-. 0.3 1.5 .+-. 0.1 Oil % 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Menthol %
80 82 76 78 Herbage yield 1.25 0.80 1.70 1.72 (Q per 100
m.sup.2)
A separate nursery was planted in February for April transplanting
and subsequent evaluation. The plants produced were allowed to grow
in the nursery till April and the stem cuttings of 20 to 40 cm were
transplanted after filling, pulverizing the land. The overall
objective was to develop a genotype amenable to planting late, with
high yield of oil and menthol content through higher herbage
production. The plant was tested in field trial for oil yield,
menthol content and herbage production against the checks
(varieties developed by CIMAP).
Replicated initial field trials were conducted following normal
agronomic practices by planting shoot cuttings raised in the
nursery in the month of April, 1999; bench scale field trial during
2000; and pilot scale field trials during 2001, 2002 in RBD fashion
and different growth and yield characteristics were recorded. For
initial field trials 10 m.times.10 m plots, for bench scale and
pilot scale field trials 10 m.times.10 m plots were prepared by
adding only FYM J.5 ton per ha. Astonishingly the plant `CIMAP/GRB
12` (named as `Kushal` at this stage) was able to out-compete all
existing varieties in late planting.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparative growth and yield characteristics
of plant of invention `Kushal` in relation to the existing Japanese
mint varieties (Average of initial field trials in the years 1999
for late transplanting) when planted during April. CIMAP/ Property
Himalaya Kalka Kosi GRB12 LSD at 5% Plant height 109.7 .+-. 55.6
.+-. 86.7 .+-. 108.0 .+-. 19.6 (cm) 5.8 2.9 4.1 1.3 Oil % 0.61 0.70
0.78 0.78 023 Menthol % 80 82 76 78 021 Herbage yield 3.25 1.42
2.50 3.30 0.60 (Q per 100 m2) Oil yield (Kg 1.78 1.01 1.75 2.33
0.54 per 100 m.sup.2)
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comparative growth and yield characteristics
of plant of invention `Kushal` in relation to the existing Japanese
mint varieties (Average of Bench scale field trials in the years
2000 for late transplanting) when planted during April. Leaf- Herb
Yield Oil yield Plant stem Oil content Q/ha Kg/ha Genotypes height
ratio (%) (estimated) (estimated) CIMAP/ 108.0 0.88 0.78 333 235.0
GRB12 Shivangi 79.7 1.00 1.11 143 137.9 Teesta 87.3 0.86 0.80 174
126.9 Saksham 88.0 0.71 0.82 249 186.0 Himalaya 109.7 0.80 0.61 322
177.7 Kosi 86.7 0.92 0.78 249 174.4 C.D. 5% 19.6 0.37 0.23 62 54.0
1% 26.0 0.50 0.31 83 71.9
In comparison to other mint plants, `Kushal` differs genetically,
yields more menthol when used as a transplanted mint, and the
sucker is tolerant to water logging.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Comparative growth and yield characteristics
of plant of invention `Kushal` in relation to the existing Japanese
mint varieties (Average of pilot scale field trials in the years
2001 for late transplanting) when planted during April. Oil yield
Menthol yield Herb yield (kg/ha) (kg/ha) Clones (q/ha) (estimated)
(estimated) CIMAP/GRB12 328 221 177 Shivalik 236 128 98 Himalya 294
177 140 Kasi 318 185 147 CD 5% 62 50 40 1% 92 67 53
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comparative growth and yield characteristics
of plant of invention `Kushal` in relation to the existing Japanese
mint varieties (Average of pilot scale field trials in the years
2002 for late transplanting) when planted during April. Herb Yield
Oil Yield (q/ha) (Kg/ha) (estimated) (estimated) CIMAP/GRB12 305
194 Shivalik 238 136 Himalya 270 163 Kosi 299 180
In all the field trials conducted for transplanted mint, `CIMAP/GRB
12`, now onwards referred as `Kushal` performed better than all
other mint varieties in terms of menthol and biomass (herbage)
yield. The biomass yield of the genotype varied between 305 quintal
per hectare (Q/ha) to 333 Q/ha. The menthol yield was in the range
of 177 kilogram per hectare (kg/ha) to 194 kg/ha. So the plant
`Kushal` performed better than the best cheek varieties `Saksham`
(U.S. patent PP No. 3,279) and `Kosi` (U.S. patent PP No. 12426) in
all the field trial consistently when transplanted during the month
of April (Table 2 to 5). This plant `Kushal` also performed at par
in total biomass (herbage) yield compared to the best control
variety `Kosi` when planted in the month of February, which is the
normal month of planting of mints.
Interestingly, another most important character was encountered by
us in the year 2001 when the sucker producing plots fields at CIMAP
farm were submerged due to untimely rains. At the initial stage of
plantation when the fields were submerged with water for a Longer
duration (more than 7 days) then all other varieties did not
regenerate as maximum plants and suckers in the soil were damaged
due to lack of aeration. The sucker fields for other varieties
became patchy with poor growth where as the plant `Kushal` was not
affected in terms of growth parameters. So, experiment was
conducted in the next year by logging the fields with water for
sucker production and observations (Table 6) were recorded. As
observed from the experiment, the plant `Kushal` can withstand
water logging, whereas the survival, growth and proliferation of
other varieties were severely hampered leading to less and week
sucker yield.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Observations recorded in the I m.sup.2 area
during the month of September 2002 in the mint variety Kushal (Date
Sep. 15, 2002) Survival % Plant height (cm) Sino Kushal Sak-sham
Kosi Kushal Saksham Kosi 1. 100 50 3 30 15 10 2. 100 40 20 25 26 15
3. 90 50 28 30 20 10 4. 100 50 32 35 15 16 5. 100 30 20 30 17 15 6.
100 40 30 28 20 18 7. 90 52 34 30 16 15 8. 92 50 30 35 18 16 9. 96
52 36 30 22 12 10. 100 56 40 36 20 15 11. 100 60 30 32 18 17 12. 94
40 28 26 24 20 S.E. .+-. 1.166 2.311 1.589 0.905 0.958 0.829
Primary branches/Plant Sino Kushal Saksham Kosi 1. 7 5 3 2. 8 8 4
3. 7 5 4 4. 9 6 5 5. 12 7 6 6. 10 8 5 7. 6 5 6 8. 7 4 5 9. 10 5 5
10. 12 9 4 11. 8 5 8 12. 12 10 5 S.E. .+-. 0.601 0.533 0.354
Taxonomic description of the mint plant `Kushal`: 1.
Genus.--Mentha. 2. Species.--arvensis L. 3. Family.--Lamiaceae. 4.
Common name.--Japanese mint/com mint/menthol mint. 5. Plant
height.--70.0 to 108.0 cm. 6. Plant canopy.--83-85 cm. 7. Growth
habit.--Erect sturdy main stem, profuse branching. 8. Stem.--Round
to quadrangular hard, woody, green (144A), 5-11 mm thick at 5th
internode; scabridulous surface texture. 9. Leaf.--Colour Upper
surface light green (137B); lower surface olive green (138B).
Texture: Moderately thick and rigid. Surface: Hairy and rough.
Shape: Lacerate. Margin: Moderately deep serration (18 to 50
number). Tip: Acute. Base: Attenuate. Size: Moderately broad.
Petiole length: 1.5.+-.0.1 cm. Area: 6.0 cm.sup.2 (Average of full
branch). Length: 7.75.+-.0.3 cm. Width: 4.8.+-.0.4 cm. 10. Fresh
weight of leaf.--Fresh weight of stem ratio (w/w): 0.88 to 1.54 g.
11. Inflorescence.--Indefinite recemose. Total number of florets 20
to 40. 12. Flowers.--Campanulate flower, arranged in whorls
surrounding the stem at the base of lateral leaves. Flower length
(mm): 3.50. Flower diameter (mm): 2-3. Pedicel Yellow green (145C);
average diameter 1 mm; Surface texture scabrid. Peduncle: 0.5 mm
diameter; surface texture scabrid; Average length 2 mm; color light
green (138C). Calyx: Four, Yellow green (143C): oblanceolate shape;
1 mm.times.0.5 mm in size. Corolla: Pinkish white, four, fused to a
bell shaped. Corolla tube (56C); 2 mm.times.2.5 mm in size.
Anthers: Four, ocidimetary, come out of the corolla tube; 0.5 mm in
size; white in color (155C). Filaments: 0.5 mm in length; white in
color (155C). Stigma: Bifid, Purple (76A). Style: 2.5 mm in length;
pinkish white color (56C). 13. Oil content in the fresh herb
(%).--0.7 to 0.9. 14. Oil quality.--Menthol content (%): 77 to 781.
Congealing point: 20 to 21.degree. C. 15. Herbage(shoot biomass).
--Q/100 m.sup.2: 1.72 to 3.33.
In addition to producing more herbage and essential oil
comparatively, the plant `Kushal` adopts quickly to late planting
condition. Water logging condition during sucker production does
not hamper the survival, growth and proliferation of the plant. The
plant of invention `Kushal` produces herbage comparable to the
improved variety `Kosi` if planted in the month of January (normal
date of planting) (Table 1). But in late planting during April the
plant `Kushal` surpasses the growth, yield of herbage and oil to
any other existing varieties (Table 2). `Kushal` produces more
herbage and more essential oil compared to the most improved
variety `Kosi` (now cultivated widely in mint growing regions of
India) when planted late.
From the parent plant `Himalaya` the new plant of invention is far
ahead in terms of herbage and essential oil yield when planted in
either January or April. So, as per the objective we could select a
plant type which can be planted in the month of April if the main
field after the harvesting of Rabi crop. Generally the land after
the harvest of wheat chickpea is left as fallow till the next
planting of rice crop during rainy season (Khariff). Otherwise a
short duration crop is planted within this period which may yield
low income to the farmer. Instead if a crop of mint is harvested
during this period the farmers or the landowner will be benefited
immensely as mint is a cash crop. Improved plant type with
adaptability to late planting combined with better yield of
herbage, essential oil and ultimately menthol in the plant of
invention `Kushal` can enhance the income of the planter in long
run.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Additional description of `Kushal` compared
to the parent `Himalaya` Character cv. Himalaya cv. Kushal 1.
Leaf:stem ratio 1.0 1.54 2. Stem colour Green(143C) Green (144A)
lower stem colour purplish(70A) Stiffness Hard Hard Thickness at
5th 8.0 11 internode(mm) 3. Leaf colour Green(138B) Green (137B)
Length(cm) 7.1 7.75 Width(cm) 4.5 4.8 Area(cm.sup.2) 15.4 to 18.0
15.2-19.0 4. Petiole length (cm) 1.5 2.2 5. Flower colour Pinkish
white (56C) Pinkish white (56C) 6. Flower length (mm) 3.72 3.50 7.
Calyx colour Green (143C) Green (143C) 8. Stigma colour White
Purplish white (76A) 9. Disease incidence to Rust Resistant
Resistant Alternaria Resistant Resistant leaf blight Corynespora
Tolerant Tolerant leaf spot Powdery Tolerant Tolerant mildew
Evidence of Uniformity and Stability
No variants of any kind (morphological or molecular) have been
observed since 1998 (the year of development) and through yield
trials in the following years indicating the stability and
uniformity of the genotype. Further, the comparative total herbage,
oil and ultimately menthol yields of `Kushal` were significantly
higher in comparison to the parent variety `Himalaya`, the high
menthol yielding variety `Kalka` (CIMAP/HY77), and best variety
check `Kosi` in different years and seasons. The traits of improved
herbage, essential of yield and the adaptability to late
transplanting is unprecedented and stable.
Statement of Distinction
The genotype `Kushal` possessing the traits of increased
adaptability to late transplanting combined with higher essential
oil and herbage yield, is unique and unprecedented not possessed by
any known variety. The genotype is having higher biomass and higher
oil yield unit area in comparison to others. Its genetic make up is
distinct in terms of the DNA profile.
The colour codes are in accordance with The R.H.S. Colour Chart
published by The Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Vincent Square,
London SW1P 2PE, 1995.
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis: The RAPD profiles of
the plant `Kushal` were unambiguously able to establish its
distinct identity as completely different from the parent plant
`Himalaya` as well as the known released varieties. The plant of
the present invention was developed by screening molecular variants
among somaclones already differentiated as distinct, unique and
novel at DNA level. The plant is having desirable morphological and
economical traits in a rare unmatchable combination and is
available only with us at CIMAP. No variation in the RAPD patterns
was observed in the analysis of the micropropagated as well as
field raised population in successive generations indicating the
stability of the genotype. The 20 MAP primers (MAP 01 to MAP 20)
synthesized in the laboratory using ABI 392 DNA synthesizer, with
the sequence AAATCGGAGC (SEQ ID NO: 1), GTCCTACTCG (SEQ ID NO: 2),
GTCCTTAGCG (SEQ ID NO: 3), TGCGCGATCG (SEQ ID NO: 4), AACGTACGCG
(SEQ ID NO: 5), GCACGCCGGA (SEQ ID NO:6), CACCCTGCGC (SEQ ID NO:
7), CTATCGCCGC (SEQ ID NO: 8), CGGGATCCGC (SEQ ID NO: 9),
GCGAATTCCG (SEQ ID NO: 10), CCCTGCAGGC (SEQ ID NO: 11), CCAAGCTTGC
(SEQ ID NO: 12), GTGCAATGAG (SEQ ID NO: 13), AGGATACGTG (SEQ ID NO:
14), AAGATAGCGG (SEQ ID NO: 15), GGATCTGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 16),
TTGTCTCAGG (SEQ ID NO: 17), CATCCCGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 18), GGACTCCACG
(SEQ ID NO: 19), AGCCTGACGC (SEQ ID NO: 20) were used for the
analysis to develop the unique fingerprint pattern. Accordingly the
invention provides a new and distinct mint plant of Mentha arvensis
`Kushal`, developed through tissue culture, possessing the
following combination of characters: a. the said plant is able to
adopt quickly to late planting condition and produce higher herbage
and essential oil compared to the existing varieties, b. the plant
is suitable for transplanting using grown shoots in April as well
as normal planting through suckers in the month February, c. the
said plant produces high essential oil yield (0.7 to 0.9%) as well
as herbage yield (1.72 to 3.33 Q per 100 m.sup.2), d. the said
plant possesses better growth and vegetative growth with high
regenerability covering at least 83-85 cm canopy area and a height
of at least 70.0 to 108.0 cm in a maximum of 110 days, e. the said
plant has distinct molecular profile by random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 20 random primers distinguishing the
plant from the other existing varieties. f. the said plant retains
the characteristics of tolerance to leaf spot, rust and powdery
mildew as in the parent variety `Himalaya`, g. the said plant has
light greenish leaves(138B), pinkish white flowers (56C) like the
parent plant `Himalaya` but green stem (144A), h. the plant
genotype `Kushal` withstand waterlogging condition during sucker
production in terms of survival, growth compared to other varieties
checked.
SEQUENCE LISTINGS
1
20110DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence
Synthetic primer 1aaatcggagc 10210DNAArtificial SequenceDescription
of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 2gtcctactcg
10310DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence
Synthetic primer 3gtccttagcg 10410DNAArtificial SequenceDescription
of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 4tgcgcgatcg
10510DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence
Synthetic primer 5aacgtacgcg 10610DNAArtificial SequenceDescription
of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 6gcacgccgga
10710DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence
Synthetic primer 7caccctgcgc 10810DNAArtificial SequenceDescription
of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 8ctatcgccgc
10910DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence
Synthetic primer 9cgggatccgc 101010DNAArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer
10gcgaattccg 101110DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial
Sequence Synthetic primer 11ccctgcaggc 101210DNAArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer
12ccaagcttgc 101310DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial
Sequence Synthetic primer 13gtgcaatgag 101410DNAArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer
14aggatacgtg 101510DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial
Sequence Synthetic primer 15aagatagcgg 101610DNAArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer
16ggatctgaac 101710DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial
Sequence Synthetic primer 17ttgtctcagg 101810DNAArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer
18catcccgaac 101910DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial
Sequence Synthetic primer 19ggactccacg 102010DNAArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer
20agcctgacgc 10
* * * * *