U.S. patent number PP16,328 [Application Number 10/614,447] was granted by the patent office on 2006-03-14 for pineapple plant named `honey gold`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Del Monte Fresh Produce International Inc.. Invention is credited to Juan Luis Morales, Hans Sauter, Thomas R. Young.
United States Patent |
PP16,328 |
Morales , et al. |
March 14, 2006 |
Pineapple plant named `Honey Gold`
Abstract
A new pineapple variety named "Honey Gold" is provided. High
levels of brix, total sugars, citric acid and ascorbic acid
characterize the variety. The new variety bears 0-3 slips.
Inventors: |
Morales; Juan Luis (Buenos de
Aires de Puntarena, CR), Sauter; Hans (San Jose,
CR), Young; Thomas R. (Coral Gables, FL) |
Assignee: |
Del Monte Fresh Produce
International Inc. (Coral Gables, FL)
|
Family
ID: |
33564372 |
Appl.
No.: |
10/614,447 |
Filed: |
July 7, 2003 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20050010978 P1 |
Jan 13, 2005 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/156 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
5/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/156 |
Other References
The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening, 1992.
The MacMillan Press Limited, London, vol. 1 (A to C), p. 159. cited
by examiner.
|
Primary Examiner: Grunberg; Anne Marie
Assistant Examiner: Hwu; June
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dodds and Associates
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A new and distinct variety of Ananas comosus plant named `Honey
Gold` as shown and described herein.
Description
Latin name: Ananas comosus.
Variety denomination: `Honey Gold`.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a new and distinct pineapple
variety of Ananas comosus, hereinafter referred to by the variety
name `Honey Gold`. The variety has been developed by using clonal
selection within the parent population. The process started at the
end of 1997 using material from the hybrid Tainung 11 (also known
as Perfume pineapple in Taiwan)(non patented). The original
seedlings were asexually reproduced using stem cuttings and crowns
(asexual seeds). The pineapple plant `Honey Gold` was developed
through mass selection at the research area of Corporacion de
Desarrollo Agricola Del Monte, S.A.Pindeco, Buenos
Aires-Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The process of mass selection took
five years of consecutive plantings and selections.
The main objective of the selection program, was to obtain a
pineapple variety with a nice tasting fruit, that would keep the
original aroma, with fruit of an appropriate size and shape, but
distinguished for having a higher concentration of ascorbic and
citric acid, brix or soluble solids, an fewer plant slips, with
respect to the parental line.
Personnel in Buenos Aires-Puntarenas, Costa Rica, have developed
this new plant. From a group of 19 crowns (asexual seeds) (original
parental population) obtained through personnel in Hong Kong, the
process of sowing began in Buenos Aires Puntarenas, Costa Rica, by
selecting the plants with better characteristics through three
generations.
The clone selected after all this effort, resembles the original
parental material, but it is distinquished by its higher sugar
(TSS), citric acid, ascorbic acid levels, and also by the fewer
slips per plant and fewer spines in the leaves.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a new and distinct variety of the
Bromeliaceae, or pineapple family, which was derived by clonal
selection from the hybrid Tainung 11, or Perfume pineapple, after
continued five year selection and reproduction effort.
The new plant variety is characterized by smooth leaves, with
occasional presence of spines on the leaf tips; by the reduced
number of slips and the higher citric acid and ascorbic acid
levels, and the higher soluble solids content of the fruit flesh,
when compared with the parental line. The fruit is cylindrical to
conic in shape, of medium size, and very resistant to skin
dehydration damage. Mature fruit has an intense yellow color and a
strong and sweet aroma, and a wonderful taste, characteristic of
the parental line. It is susceptible to chill damage (or internal
browning). Even in the absence of refrigeration, the shelf life of
the fruit is very long, when compared with other varieties as
evidenced by less fruit fermentation, dehydration and brown spots.
This new variety produces moderate yields of fruit, best suited for
the fresh market.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1. Shows the lateral view of a plant and root system against a
metric ruler.
FIG. 2. Shows a `Honey Gold` plantation.
FIG. 3. Shows an overhead view of a `Honey Gold` plant.
FIG. 4. Shows a close-up of an immature fruit.
FIG. 5. Shows a close-up of a mature fruit
FIG. 6. Shows a mature plant with three or less slips. Age of the
plant is 354 days after planting. MA-2 is breeder's number.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT
The following detailed description of the new variety is based on
observations of well fertilized specimens which were grown under
field conditions, in the Buenos Aires region, Costa Rica, at 350
msnm, where temperatures generally range form 14.degree. C. to
37.degree. C., and annual rainfall averages 3251 mm.
The plants were grown at a research facility in Buenos
Aires-Puntarenas, Costa Rica.
Color terminology and color designations reported herein are in
accordance with Munsell Color Notations for plant tissues published
by Munsell Color Macbeth, a division of Kollmorgen Corporation,
Baltimore, Md., USA.
The following description was taken at harvest beginning of 2003,
of the general population of this new variety, which was sowed from
asexual seed. The harvest was 354 days after planting. Plant
identification: Name: Ananas comosus. Parentage: Tainung 11
(Perfume pineapple). Origin: Clonal selection, through 5 years of
consecutive selections and reproductions (three generations).
Classification: I. Botanic: Bromeliaceae or pineapple family.
Subfamily: Bromelioideae. Genus: Ananas. Subgenus: comosus.
Variety: `Honey Gold`. II. Commercial: Bromeliad fruit plant.
Form.--Terrestrial (in cultivation), with overlapping sessile
leaves from a funnel-formed rosette, surrounding a composite
inflorescence (during anthesis) and with 0 to 3 slips in the fruit
peduncle that initiate before anthesis, and dominant suckers that
are produced in the stem and originate subsequent crops. General
description: `Honey Gold` (Before anthesis). Stem: I.
General.--Short, upright and sheathed by overlapping leaves, each
leaf with a dormant axillary bud. II. Stem texture.--Glabrous and
fleshy. III. Stem size.--A) Length (above soil level): Usually
between 8 and 15.5 cm at anthesis. B) Diameter between 5 and 7.4 cm
at soil level at anthesis. IV. Stem shape.--Cylindrical and with a
narrower diameter at the distal part. V. Stem color.--7,5 GY 7/1.
Leaves: I. General.--Closely overlapping sessile leaves (formed in
acropetal succession) forming a dense rosette, the outline of which
in longitudinal section is roughly heart shaped. The number of
leaves fluctuates between 28 and 57 with a 5/13 phyllotaxy. II.
Texture.--A) Upper epidermal area: Glabrous, semi-rigid and
channeled (or concave) except at the leaf tip. C) Lower epidermal
area: Finely striated (longitudinally) and appears covered with
white layer consisting of scale-like trichomes. III. Leaf
arrangement.--Alternate and in rosette shape. IV. Leaf
margins.--Plane, with rarely found irregularly spaced small
deltoid-cuspidate hooked spines usually located on the distal
portions of leaves. V. Leaf venation.--Parallel. VI. Leaf
shape.--Leaves are not uniform in shape and vary with the position
of the leaf on the stem. The basal or oldest leaves are lanceolate
while the base is considerably expanded. There is a noticeable
narrowing in width between non-chlorophyllous (basal) and
chlorophyllous (or main portion) of the leaves. The longest or most
mature leaves are lanceolate in form but the base is without the
arcuate expansions of the preceding leaves. The remaining leaves
(or center leaves of the plant rosette) are lanceolate in form with
no expansion of width into the base. VII. Leaf size (at
anthesis).--A) Length: Usually between 69 and 85 cm for those
leaves originating from the medium part of the stem with a
non-chlorophyllous base that usually is between 2.6 and 6.4 cm of
length. B) Width: Normally between 4.1 and 6.0 cm in the mid leaf
area of the longest leaves. The expanded basal disk usually has a
maximum width of 7.5 to 10 cm. C) Thickness: In the longest leaves,
usually vary between 1.6 to 2.4 mm at the center of the mid leaf
area and decreased laterally between 0.8 and 1.5 mm at the margin,
while becoming slightly thinner at the tip. The expanded basal disk
at the mid stem area usually has a maximum thickness of 1.5 to 3.8
mm at the center of the blade and tapering laterally toward margins
up to 0.36 to 1.28 mm. D) Terminal crown leaves: average size 9.4
cm, number 77; and margin type smooth. VIII. Color.--A) Upper
epidermal surface: 1. General: Color is usually dominated by
yellowish green, olive green, and reddish green. The color of the
basal disk is dominated by a white hue and light yellow. 2.
Chlorophyllous basal disk area: Commonly light yellowish (5Y 8/1,
5Y 8/2). 3. Mid leaf area: Commonly olive green (7.5 GY 5/4, 5R
3/4). 4. Leaf tip area: Commonly olive gray (5.0GY 6/4) reddish
purple (5.0RP 4/2). B) Lower epidermal area: 1. General: Commonly
olive green to grayish olive green with pale white basal disk area.
2. Lower epidermal surface: Scurfy surface that obscures colors
commonly light olive green to grayish olive green (7.5GY 8/2, 7.5GY
7/2). C) Color of the terminal crown leaves 5GY 6/4 (predominant)
and 2,5 GY 5/3 (secondary). Inflorescence (at anthesis): I.
General.--Flower composite from 80 to 144 fruit-lets borne per
inflorescence of a long peduncle of approximately 21.2 cm length at
the apical meristem. Individual bisexual flowers that consists of
three sepals, six stamens, three stigmas and three carpels. The
inflorescence is self-incompatible producing edible fruit
parthenocarpically. II. Texture.--Glabrous and fleshy. III.
Shape.--Oval with slightly raised flowers with a reddish green hue
in the crown. Crown leaves are short and erect at anthesis. IV.
Size and color.--Comparable to specimens of Ananas comosus L. mer.
Petal color 10 YR 8/1 and 5RP 6/4. V. Sepal size.--0.4 cm, color 10
R 7/4. VI. Flora bract's length.--2 cm, serrated margin (with tiny
spines); color 2,5 R 7/4. Fruit (at harvest): I. Size.--Usually has
a weight between 433 and 1051 gms with average fruit of 837 gms.
Fruit core's diameter: 2.45 cm. II. Shape.--Cylindrical or slightly
conic with small and prominent fruitlets. Medium crown with thin
and semi-rigid leaves. Average height of the fruit 19-24 cm;
diameter of the fruit: basal 8.92 cm; top 8.46 cm. III. How
borne.--Fruit develop from the apical meristem of the plant on a
long peduncle, usually between 19 and 24 cm length. IV. Color.--A)
Shell: Commonly dark green (7.5GY 4/4), olive green (5.0GY 7/6),
reddish (5R 3/6) and/or yellow (10YR 7/8). Fruit core color 2.5 Y
8/6. B) Pulp: Usually light yellow (5.0Y 8/4 to 5.0Y 8/2). V.
Brix.--Typically between 14.40 and 18.10 degrees, with an average
of 16.18. VI. Total acid levels.--Usually between 0.67 and 1.33 gms
citric acid/100 ml of juice (average 0.98). VII. Vitamin C
content.--Regularly between 14.73 and 37.36 mg/100 ml of juice,
with an average of 21.14. Plant/fruit resistance /susceptibility to
pests and diseases: Moderately susceptible to Fusarium
subglutinans. Table 2 shows a further comparison of pest and
disease resistance of pineapple varieties `Honey Gold`, `Champaka`
and `MD2`. Others: I. Fertility.--As any other grown up pineapple,
this plant is self-compatible. This is the reason why presence of
sexual seeds is almost negative. The materials used for planting
are slips and the non-commercial fruit crowns. II. Vigor.--It is
considered that the plant vigor is similar as to mother plants. It
is a slow-growing plant as compared to other types of pineapple
like `Champaka` or the hybrid `MD-2`. III. Yield.--Each plant
estimated yield is 61 tons/ha. IV. Market.--Fruit will be
designated to the international fruit market. V. Plant use.--Fruit
will be commercialized into the fresh fruit market. Summary of
special characteristics of `Honey Gold` selection: The `Honey Gold`
plant presents differences, compared to parental line, as follows:
Plant with fewer slips.--According to Chan (1995) Tainung 11 plants
usually bear 7 slips while `Honey Gold` plants bear 0-3 slips.
Fewer slips reduce contact with the fruit, hence reducing problems
caused by leaves rubbing against the fruit, accumulation of organic
matter, and the concomitant staining of the fruit base. It also
decreases problems of color inconsistency in the fruit that can be
caused by the shade from a high number of slips.
The fruit presents higher levels of brix, citric and ascorbic acid
than mother plants. As a result of the clonal selection process,
the `Honey Gold` pineapple has citric acid content that is about
112% as compared to `Tainung 11` and 14.3% higher Brix than
`Tainung 11`. Ascorbic acid levels are about 28.2% over the levels
observed in the original population (original selection of `Tainung
11` plants). `Honey Gold` variety has also fewer spines in the
leaves than Tainung 11. These characteristics of the `Honey Gold`
plant are stable and reproduced true to type in successive
generation of asexual reproduction and are shown in Table 1. Table
3 compares the new variety `Honey Gold` with several other
varieties and cultivars; among others is Tainung 11, which is the
closest variety.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Average of inheritance of characteristics in
selection material for `Honey Gold` pineapple. F1 represents
baseline data of the first generation grown from the parental line.
F2 generation was selected based on characteriscs of vigor,
thorniness and number of slips. F3 was selected based on
characteristics of vigor, thorniness and number of slips, but also
on brix and ascorbic acid. F4 represents `Honey Gold` as developed
from the parental line by mass clonal selection. The plants of F4
generation display stable inheritance of reduced number of slips
per plant and a 40% higher ascorbic acid content than the baseline
generation. Ascorbic Citric acid mg/100 Acid Number of Fruit Weight
Generation ml g/100 ml Brix Slips (g) F1 14.8 0.77 14.15 0-10 1463
F2 14.7 0.6 15.95 0-7 999 F3 21.2 1.0 15.60 0-3 757 F4 20.6 0.9
14.40 0-3 954
Individual plant description: The following is a general
description of a new pineapple plant variety that was grown by
vegetative propagation (cloning selection) in a nursery in Buenos
Aires, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Plant age.--10 months after initial
propagation and 3 months after forcing. Plant diameter.--About 77
cm between opposite leaf tips. Plant height.--79 cm above ground
surface. Stem: I) Length.--12 cm. II) Diameter.--7.0 cm at base.
Leaves: I) Number.--42. II) Length.--75 cm at longest leaves. III)
Width (largest leaves).--At mid leaf (max) 5.2 cm; at basal disk
area (max) 8.7 cm. IV) Thickness.--1.8 mm along the axis. V)
Color.--A) Upper epidermal area -- Chlorophyllous area: Commonly
olive green (5.0GY 6/4 and 5.GY 5/4) and reddish brown (5R 8/3). B)
Upper epidermal area -- Non-Chlorophyllous area: Commonly pale
white (5Y 8/1). C) Lower epidermal area: Commonly from olive green
to grayish olive green (7.5GY 8/2 and 7.5GY 7/2). Inflorescence:
General.--Composite flower with an inflorescence borne from a long
peduncle of approximately 13 cm length at the apical meristem. The
flower is composed of 136 fruitlets. Petals are white (10YR 8/1) in
the proximal part, and pale lilac (5RP6/4) in the distal part.
Comparison of `Honey Gold` with other pineapple varieties: There
are many pineapple varieties grown world wide; however the majority
of the varieties are grown for local consumption. By contrast, only
two varieties comprise the vast majority of pineapple grown for
commercial distribution (either for fresh or canned). These two
varieties are `Champaka` (also known as `Smooth Cayene`) and `MD2`.
A third variety (`CO2`) is also only grown for export purposes, but
is not widely cultivated. Since `Honey Gold` will be grown for
export to the US, Europe, and other locations, most of the
comparison data generated is made versus `Champaka` and `MD2`.
Table 2 depicts differences in susceptibility to pests and
diseases: `Honey Gold` and `Champaka` are less susceptible than
`MD2` to Thielaviopsis sp. (common fruit rot) and Elarphia sp. (a
moth species). Otherwise, all three varieties are similar in their
response to pests and diseases.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Susceptibility of certain commercial
pineapple varieties to pests and diseases. Pineapple Variety Pest
and diseases Honey Gold MD2 Champaka Elaphria sp. S S+ S Melybug S
S S (Dysmicocus brevipes) Thecla (Strymon S S S basilides)
Thielaviopsis S S+ S paradoxa in fruit (T.V) Phytophtora S S S
parasitica Helicotylenchus sp. S S S Meloidegyne sp. S S S
Pratylenchus sp. S S S (S = susceptible, S+ = very susceptible)
The result in Table 3 show that `Honey Gold` has a longer shelf
life than `MD2` because color development of the shell is slower
and the variety is less affected by cosmetic defects such as
dehydration spots, brown spots and fruit fermentation.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comparison of some of the post harvest
characteristics of `MD2` vs. Honey Gold. External Appearance (at
days after harvest) Fruit Shell color Dehydration Brown Spot
Fermentation development* spot (%) (%) (%) Days after harvest 15 21
15 21 15 21 Variety 0 15 21 dah** dah dah dah dah dah MD2 2 3.1 5.0
23.0 56.0 3.0 7.1 0 9.0 Honey 2 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.1 0 0 0 3.5 Gold
*Shell color was evaluated on a scale of 12-5 with 1 = green, 5 =
completely yellow. **dah = days after harvest
Table 4 compares the characteristics of export vs. local varieties.
This table also gives comparison between `Honey Gold` and the
closes tvariety Tainung 11. The characteristics of `Honey Gold`
differ from those of other varieties in the following ways: 1.
Slips. `Honey Gold`, `MD2`, `CO2` and `Red Spanish` have
significantly fewer slips than the other varieties. 2. Fruit
weight. The fruit weight of `Honey Gold` tends to be significantly
less than that of the other varieties commonly grown commercially
for the export markets. 3. Ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid content
of `Honey Gold` is intermediate between the low ascorbic acid
producing varieties (`Champaka` and `Tainung`) and the high
ascorbic acid producing varieties (`MD2` and `CO2`). 4. Citric
acid. The citric acid content of `Honey Gold` is clearly the
highest among all the varieties for which data is available. 5.
Brix. The sugar content (measured as degrees Brix) of `Honey Gold`
is also very high, but almost all pineapple except `Red Spanish`,
`Perola` and `Queen` have very high brix. 6. Age to forcing. `Honey
Gold` is relatively slow growing, but data is not available for
most varieties in the table. 7. Spininess. Presence of spines on
leaves is a characteristic that is commonly used to differentiate
among pineapple varieties. `Honey Gold` is among the varieties that
rarely have spines. By contrast, spines are common on the leaves of
`Sarawak`, `Mauritius`, `Red Spanish`, `Tainung 11`, `Perola` and
`Queen`.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Comparative characteristics of several
varieties and cultivars of pineapple Number of Fruit weight
Ascorbic acid Variety/ Slips (gr0 (mg/100 ml) Cultivar Average
Range Average Range Average Range MD-2.sup.(1 1.2 0-3 1820 1070-
53.06 37.00- 2560 69.06 Honey Gold 1.5 0-3 1033 450- 21.14 14.73-
1678 37.36 Champaka 1.1 1710 420- 12.91 8.10- F153.sup.(2 3010
17.72 Champaka 1.5 2328 F152.sup.(3 CO-2.sup.(4 2-3 2059 1297-
30.8- 2590 55.50 Singapore 2-12 1000 Spanish.sup.(5 Sarawak.sup.(5
0 2000- 4000 Mauritius.sup.(5 0 500- 1500 Josephine.sup.(6 1100-
1300 Scarlett.sup.(6 1400- 2000 Red 1-3 1200- Spanish.sup.(6 2000
Tainung 11.sup.(7 6.9 991 733- 10.40- 1269 18.50 Imperial.sup.(8
9.0 1792 Perolera.sup.(8 8-10 1800 Perolera o 10-15 1000-
Pernambuco.sup.(10 1500 Primavera.sup.(10 7-10 1300 Queen.sup.(11
4.0 500- 26.00 1000 Citric acid Variety/ (gr/100 ml) Brix Cultivar
Average Range Average Range MD-2.sup.(1 0.6 0.36-0.84 15.05
12.9-17.2 Honey Gold 0.98 0.67-1.33 16.18 14.4-18.1 Champaka 0.72
0.54-0.90 14.33 11.6-17.0 F153.sup.(2 Champaka 0.73 14.97
F152.sup.(3 CO-2.sup.(4 0.42-0.91 15.0-16.7 Singapore 0.50-0.60
10.0-12.0 Spanish.sup.(5 Sarawak.sup.(5 0.30-0.65 14.0-17.0
Mauritius.sup.(5 0.40-0.60 15.0-17.0 Josephine.sup.(6 17.0-22.0
Scarlett.sup.(6 15.0-18.0 Red 12 Spanish.sup.(6 Tainung 11.sup.(7
0.50 0.40-0.60 14 13.2-15.1 Imperial.sup.(8 0.62 15.8
Perolera.sup.(8 0.64 13.1 Perolera o 14-16 Pernambuco.sup.(10
Primavera.sup.(10 0.51 13 Queen.sup.(11 0.56 14-16 .sup.1)Pindeco's
historical data base and monthly research report April 2001;
Bartholomew et al. Pineapple Botany, Production and Uses.
.sup.2)Pindeco's fruit historical data base. Pindeco's forcing
plant weithg data base. .sup.3)Research report PRI No 63. July
1969. Tables 16, 21 and 29. .sup.4)Plant patent 8,863 .sup.5)Wee,
Y. C. 1972. Some common pineapple cultivars of west Malaysia.
Malays, Pineapple pp 7-13. .sup.6)Bartholomew et al. 2003 The
Pineapple, Botany, Production and Uses. .sup.7)Chang, Ching-Chyn,
1995 Tainung No 13 Pineapple. Jour. Agric. Res. China
44(2):287-296. .sup.8)Pinto da Cunha et al. O abacaxizeiro.
Pineapple News Issue No 10 May 2003. .sup.9)Pinto da Cunha et al. O
abacaxizeiro. Py et al. The pineapple Cultivation and uses.
.sup.10)Pinto da Cunha et al. O abacaxizeiro. Bartholomew et al.
The Pineapple Botany, Production and Uses. Del Monte pineapple
germplasm collection database.
Literature: Chang, C. C. 1995. Tainung No. 13 pineapple. Jour.
Agric. Res. China 44 (3): 287-296. Chang, C. C., Chen-Yung, W.
1997. Pineapple breeding. In: Chang-LinRen (eds.). Proceedings of a
Symposium on Enhancing Competitiveness of Fruit Industry. Special
Publication No. 38, Taichung District Agricultural Improvement
Station, Taichung, Taiwan. Pp 107-122.
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