U.S. patent number PP15,386 [Application Number 10/734,000] was granted by the patent office on 2004-11-30 for sweet cherry tree named `brown`.
Invention is credited to Robert Brown.
United States Patent |
PP15,386 |
Brown |
November 30, 2004 |
Sweet cherry tree named `Brown`
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of sweet cherry, Prunus avium L.,
denominated `Brown`, which is a late-ripening mutation of the
well-known `Bing` variety. This mutation ripens 22 to 24 days after
`Bing` and is distinct from it, not only in maturity but also in
other characteristics.
Inventors: |
Brown; Robert (Wenatchee,
WA) |
Family
ID: |
33456553 |
Appl.
No.: |
10/734,000 |
Filed: |
December 11, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/181 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
5/08 (20130101); A01H 6/7445 (20180501) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/181 |
Primary Examiner: Bell; Kent
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stratton Ballew PLLC
Claims
It is claimed:
1. A new and distinct variety of cherry tree as described and
illustrated herein, characterized by its maturity 22 to 24 days
later than `Bing` and by a lighter-colored circle around the base
of the stem, unlike its parent `Bing`, or the late-maturing variety
`Staccato` with which it matures.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Prunus
avium L.
Variety denomination: `Brown`.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
None.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of
sweet cherry tree, Prunus avium L., which, though similar to its
parent `Bing` (not patented) in some characteristics, is decidedly
different in maturity and other characteristics as described
herein.
The new variety originated as a whole-branch mutation of a `Bing`
cherry tree growing in a cultivated orchard located at Wenatchee
Heights, near Wenatchee, Wash., U.S.A., some time after the parent
`Bing` tree was planted in 1986. The mutated branch was first
noticed by the inventor in 1994, who initially believed that some
disease or other condition was causing the fruit on the mutated
branch to ripe 22 to 24 days later than the rest of the tree.
In 1996, the inventor took scionwood from the original mutated
branch and grafted it to two established `Bing` cherry trees in an
adjacent orchard. The established trees had been fruiting for three
years. The fruit from the grafted trees is identical to that of the
mutated branch of the original tree, thus establishing the trueness
to type of the mutation. The claimed variety has further been shown
to reproduce true to type over successive asexually propagated
generations.
In 1997, 210 trees were budded at Wenatchee, Wash. U.S.A. These
third-generation trees started fruiting in 2002.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new sweet cherry variety is similar, if not identical, to its
parent `Bing` in wood, leaf, bloom, and most fruit characteristics
but is distinct from it in maturity, coloring pattern, firmness,
and flavor. Because of its greater firmness, storage quality is
longer than `Bing`.
Interest in this new variety arises from the potentiality of
extending the market for a `Bing`-type cherry for at least one
month.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying color photographs show typical tree, fruit,
flower, and leaf specimens of the new sweet cherry tree variety and
depict the color as near to true as it is reasonably possible to do
in making a color illustration of this character. It should be
noted that colors may vary with growing conditions and time of
year, as well as with lighting conditions at the time the
photographs are taken.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the parent `Bing` tree, showing the
mutated branch;
FIG. 2 is a close-up photograph of the fruit of the `Brown` cherry
tree in various aspects;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the flowers of the `Brown` cherry
tree;
FIG. 4 is a photo of a vegetative shoot of the `Brown` cherry tree,
showing upper and lower leaf surfaces; and
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the fruit of the `Brown` cherry tree with
Staccato.TM. `13S2009` (U.S. Patent applied for) (shown as "135
2009").
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY
The following is a detailed botanical description of the new
variety of cherry tree, based on observations made on the ten year
old original branch mutation of an eighteen year old `Bing` cherry
tree located in a commercial orchard on Stemilt Hill, five miles
west of Wenatchee, Wash., U.S.A. Color terminology
(hue/value/chroma) is in accordance with the Munsell Book of Color,
MacBeth Division, Kollmorgen Instruments Corp., 405 Little Britain
Road, New Windsor, N.Y. 12553. Scientific name: Prunus avium L.,
`Brown` cultivar. Parentage: Limb mutation of Prunus avium L.,
`Bing`. Tree: Size.--Large, width 3.5 m, height 5.0 m, identical to
`Bing`. Vigor.--Vigorous, annual growth approximately 45 cm.
Branching habit.--Upright, spreading. Density.--Average for sweet
cherry. Hardiness.--Apparently hardy where tested (north central
Washington state, USDA zone 5; identical to `Bing`).
Productivity.--Good, similar to `Bing`, approximately 150 lbs fruit
per tree during 2003 growing season. Bearing habit.--Annual,
consistent. Shape.--Pruned for commercial production, steep leader
training, moderate to heavy pruning to produce large fruit. Trunk:
Size.--25 cm in diameter at 30 cm from soil line. Bark
texture.--Typical sweet cherry: smooth, with vertical striations
and horizontal lenticels. Bark color.--Reddish brown (7.5 R 2/4).
Lenticels.--Elongated, 0.5.times.3 cm, about 2 cm apart vertically.
Branches: Size.--Original `Bing` tree, 20 cm diameter at 30 cm from
crotch; mutated `Brown` branch, 12.5 cm in diameter at 30 cm from
point of origin. Texture.--Typical of sweet cherry, smooth with
vertical striations and horizontal lenticels. Habit.--Upright to
spreading. Color.--Reddish brown (7.5 R 2/4). Current season
shoot:--0.5 cm.times.50 cm (length), smooth surface; Greenish brown
(2.5 Y 4/4); lenticels sparse, approximately 1 per square cm, 0.5
mm in diameter, Light tan (2.5 Y 6/4). Leaves: (Measurements are
average of 10 mature leaves from upright shoots of the current
season's growth). Size.--Large, 15.8 cm long, 6.7 cm wide.
Sheen.--Glossy. Form.--Lanceolate with acuminate tip. Petiole.--3.0
to 3.5 cm long; 3 mm thick at base, brownish green (5 Y 5/8) along
petiole groove; Olive green (2.5 GY 6/4) along lower surface.
Margin.--Somewhat irregularly serrate (teeth vary in length).
Midvein.--Medium, 2 mm thick at base; Olive green (2.5 GY 7/6),
tapering to apex. Tip.--Acuminate. Base.--Oblate. Glands.--Two in
number, positioned alternatively; prominent, reniform in shape,
dark purple in color (7.5 R 9/2); positioned on rim of petiole
groove about 2 to 3.5 cm from base of leaf petiole.
Stipules.--Lacking. Color.--Upwardly disposed surface, dark green
(10 GY 3/6); downwardly disposed surface, medium green (7.5 GY
5/4). Texture.--Smooth, with slight depression along veins. Flower
buds: Hardiness.--Hardy. Size.--Medium (2 mm diameter).
Length.--Medium (5 mm). Form.--Long, conic. Color.--White
(partially open buds). Quantity.--One to 5, average quantity 2 per
node. Flowers: Self-sterile. First bloom April 24 at Wenatchee
Heights; Full bloom April 27, same as `Bing`. Size.--Medium-large,
30 to 35 mm in diameter when fully open. Color.--White. Bloom
count.--Generally 3 per bud (same as `Bing`), 5 to 8 buds per spur
cluster. Petals.--Quantity 5 per flower; average length 15 mm,
width 12.5 mm, cupped slightly inward; apex round; base acute;
margin smooth, non serrated; upper and lower surfaces white in
color. Anthers.--Large, yellow (5 Y 8.5/4). Pollen.--Abundant,
yellow (5 Y 8.5/12). Stamens.--Filament length 10 mm. Pistils.--One
per flower. Pedicel.--Medium length, 20 mm, diameter 1 mm; Green
5GY 5/6. Peduncle.--Length 3 mm; diameter 4 mm; Brown 10YR 4/6.
Bloom fragrance.--Slight to none. Showiness.--Medium, typical of
most cherry flowers. Fruit: Maturity when described.--Eating ripe
(19 to 21 degrees Brix) Aug. 5, 2002, at Wenatchee Heights, Wash.
Date of first picking.--Aug. 5, 2002. Date of last picking.--Aug.
15, 2002. Size.--Large, 29.76 to 31.35 mm (81/2 to 9 row)
transverse diameter; 23 to 25 mm apical diameter. Form.--Uniform,
symmetrical, mostly round to slightly reniform. Quantity.--2 to 3
per cluster. Suture.--Slightly raised and of darker color than the
rest of the skin. Stem cavity.--Medium to shallow, maximum depth 2
mm; breadth 10 mm shoulder to shoulder; characteristically lighter
in color at base of stem (see `skin`). Base.--Rounded.
Apex.--Rounded pistil point slightly indented. Stem.--Rather thin,
diameter 1.5 mm; length 29 mm; Green 5GY 5/6; closely adhering to
flesh; susceptibility to cracking not known since rain is rare
during this late season. Skin color.--Deep purple (2.5 R 2/4)
except around base of stem, where it is bright red (7.5 R 3/12).
This is a unique feature of this variety, unlike its parent,
`Bing`, or `Staccato`, a similar cherry ripening in the same
season. Flesh color.--Deep purplish red (5 R 3/4). Flesh
texture.--Extremely firm, firmer than `Bing` or `Staccato`.
Firmness as measured by a Firmtech instrument on fully ripe fruit
(.+-.20 degrees Brix) averaged over 400 g/mm. `Bing` picked at a
similar maturity averages about 255 g/mm. Fibers.--Few. Ripening
uniformity.--Moderately even (single harvest). Flavor.--Sweet, low
acid, milder than `Staccato` and `Bing`. Juice.--Dark, similar to
flesh in color (5 R 3/4). Aroma.--Very slight. Eating
quality.--Very good. Stone: Stone type.--Flesh clings to pit,
similar to `Bing` and most other cherry varieties. Size.--Medium,
11 mm long, 9 mm wide, 8 mm thick. Form.--Oval, rounded, very
smooth; helium small, apex round. Sides.--Equal. Surface.--Very
smooth. Ventral edge.--Wide, with slight wings on ridges converging
basically and apically. Dorsal edge.--Smooth, with narrow ridge
from base to apex. Color.--Light tan (10 YR 8/4) when dry. Tendency
to split.--None. Keeping quality: Excellent, at least 30 days in
refrigerated storage. Resistance to insects and diseases: Similar
to that of `Bing` and other sweet cherries. No special resistances
observed. Shipping quality: Excellent, due to its extreme firmness.
Variance in botanical details: The cherry tree and its fruit as
described herein will vary due to climate and growing conditions.
The present description refers to its characteristics as grown at
Wenatchee Heights, near Wenatchee, Wash. Comparisons are with
`Bing` and `Staccato` grown at the same location and with which the
new variety is most likely to be compared.
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