U.S. patent number 8,903,585 [Application Number 13/878,583] was granted by the patent office on 2014-12-02 for control device and control method for hybrid vehicle.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.. The grantee listed for this patent is Tomoyuk Kodawara, Takeshi Ohno, Yutaka Takamura, Kaori Tanishima, Haruhisa Tsuchikawa. Invention is credited to Tomoyuk Kodawara, Takeshi Ohno, Yutaka Takamura, Kaori Tanishima, Haruhisa Tsuchikawa.
United States Patent |
8,903,585 |
Tanishima , et al. |
December 2, 2014 |
Control device and control method for hybrid vehicle
Abstract
A control system for a hybrid vehicle includes a mode selection
unit for start request of an engine; a slip determination unit for
determining whether or not a second clutch is allowed to slip; and
a start determination unit for determining whether or not to allow
the engine to start. The start determination unit prevents the
engine from starting when an input rotation speed or an output
rotation speed of an automatic transmission is less than a
predetermined value in the presence of the start request of the
engine from the mode selection unit and the slip determination unit
determines that the second clutch is not allowed to slip.
Inventors: |
Tanishima; Kaori (Isehara,
JP), Tsuchikawa; Haruhisa (Yokohama, JP),
Takamura; Yutaka (Yokohama, JP), Ohno; Takeshi
(Yamato, JP), Kodawara; Tomoyuk (Atsugi,
JP) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Tanishima; Kaori
Tsuchikawa; Haruhisa
Takamura; Yutaka
Ohno; Takeshi
Kodawara; Tomoyuk |
Isehara
Yokohama
Yokohama
Yamato
Atsugi |
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A |
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
(Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, JP)
|
Family
ID: |
45993838 |
Appl.
No.: |
13/878,583 |
Filed: |
October 25, 2011 |
PCT
Filed: |
October 25, 2011 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/JP2011/074542 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
April 10, 2013 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2012/057131 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
May 03, 2012 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20130218389 A1 |
Aug 22, 2013 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Oct 26, 2010 [JP] |
|
|
2010-239287 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
701/22; 903/930;
180/65.265 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60L
15/2054 (20130101); B60K 6/48 (20130101); B60L
58/12 (20190201); B60W 10/08 (20130101); B60W
20/40 (20130101); B60W 30/192 (20130101); B60L
15/20 (20130101); B60W 10/02 (20130101); B60K
6/547 (20130101); B60W 10/06 (20130101); B60W
20/00 (20130101); F02D 29/02 (20130101); Y02T
10/48 (20130101); Y02T 10/7005 (20130101); Y02T
10/72 (20130101); Y02T 10/7275 (20130101); B60L
2220/14 (20130101); B60L 2240/12 (20130101); Y02T
10/7044 (20130101); Y10S 903/93 (20130101); B60L
2240/441 (20130101); B60W 2510/0241 (20130101); B60L
2240/423 (20130101); Y02T 10/64 (20130101); Y02T
10/62 (20130101); B60W 2556/00 (20200201); B60L
2240/443 (20130101); Y02T 10/6221 (20130101); Y02T
10/70 (20130101); B60L 2240/486 (20130101); B60L
2210/40 (20130101); Y02T 10/40 (20130101); B60L
2270/145 (20130101); Y02T 10/7241 (20130101); B60L
2240/421 (20130101); Y02T 10/6286 (20130101); Y02T
10/705 (20130101); B60L 2240/445 (20130101); B60L
2240/507 (20130101); Y02T 10/645 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60W
10/08 (20060101); B60W 10/06 (20060101); B60W
10/02 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-126091 |
|
May 2007 |
|
JP |
|
2007-331534 |
|
Dec 2007 |
|
JP |
|
2007331534 |
|
Dec 2007 |
|
JP |
|
2008-44599 |
|
Feb 2008 |
|
JP |
|
2010-202151 |
|
Sep 2010 |
|
JP |
|
2010202151 |
|
Sep 2010 |
|
JP |
|
Primary Examiner: Olszewski; John R
Assistant Examiner: Roberson; Jason
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Young Basile
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A control system for controlling a hybrid vehicle including an
internal combustion engine and a motor/generator as power sources,
a friction engagement element interposed between the power sources
and drive wheels, the transmission interposed between the power
sources and drive wheels, and a rotation speed detection unit to
detect either input rotation speed or output rotation speed of the
transmission, comprising: a start request unit to request a start
of the internal combustion engine; a slip determination unit to
determine whether or not the friction engagement element is allowed
to slip; a start determination unit to determine whether or not to
allow the internal combustion engine to start, wherein the start
determination unit that, responsive to receipt of the start request
of the internal combustion engine from the start request unit:
issues a command to reduce torque capacity of the friction
engagement element; prevents the internal combustion engine from
starting when the slip determination unit determines that the
friction engagement element is not allowed to slip, and within a
predetermined time after the command issues while a rotation speed
of the transmission is below a predetermined value; allows the
internal combustion engine to start by permitting a start control
unit to execute a normal start control process to start the
internal combustion engine with the friction engagement element in
a slipped state when the slip determination unit determines that
the friction engagement element is allowed to slip within the
predetermined time after the command issues while the rotation
speed of the transmission is below the predetermined value; allows
the internal combustion engine to start by permitting the start
control unit to execute a back-up start control process to start
the internal combustion engine with the friction engagement element
engaged when the slip determination unit determines that the
friction engagement element is not allowed to slip responsive to
the command and the rotation speed of the transmission is at or
above the predetermined value; and permits, during the back-up
start control process, the start control unit to switch to the
normal start control process to start the internal combustion
engine while maintaining the friction engagement element in the
slipped state when the slip determination unit determines that the
friction engagement element is allowed to slip.
2. The control system of a hybrid vehicle claimed in claim 1,
wherein the predetermined value corresponds to a rotation speed at
which the internal combustion engine may rotate autonomously.
3. The control system of a hybrid vehicle claimed in claim 1,
wherein the start determination unit allows the internal combustion
engine to start when the rotation speed of the transmission is
equal to or higher than the predetermined value; while preventing
the start of the internal combustion engine when the rotation speed
of the transmission is below the predetermined value, and, for a
predetermined period of time after a change in drive force of the
motor/generator and output of the command to the friction
engagement element to reduce the target torque capacity, the slip
determination unit determines whether or not the friction
engagement element is allowed to slip.
4. The control system of a hybrid vehicle claimed in claim 1,
wherein the start determination unit performs a renewed
determination whether or not to allow the internal combustion
engine to start based on the rotation speed of the transmission,
after having not allowed to start the internal combustion engine,
when the start request is continuing from the start request unit,
and the slip determination unit determines that the friction
engagement element not be allowed to slip.
5. A control method for controlling a hybrid vehicle including an
internal combustion engine and a motor/generator as power sources,
a friction engagement element interposed between the power sources
and drive wheels, a transmission interposed between the power
sources and drive wheels, and a rotation speed detection unit to
detect either input rotation speed or output rotation speed of the
transmission, the method comprising: responsive to receipt of a
start request of the internal combustion engine, issuing a command
to reduce torque capacity of the friction engagement element; when
a rotation speed of the transmission is below a predetermined
value, preventing the internal combustion engine from starting when
the friction engagement element is not allowed to slip for a
predetermined time after the command issues; when the rotation
speed of the transmission is below the predetermined value and it
is determined that the friction engagement element is allowed to
slip within the predetermined time after the command issues,
starting the internal combustion engine by executing a normal start
control process to start the internal combustion engine with the
friction engagement element in a slipped state; and when a rotation
speed of the transmission is at or above the predetermined value,
starting the internal combustion engine by: executing a back-up
start control process to start the internal combustion engine with
the friction engagement element engaged; and switching to the
normal start control process to start the internal combustion
engine while maintaining the friction engagement element in the
slipped state, if, during the back-up start control process, it is
determined that the friction engagement element is allowed to slip.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a control device and a control
method for a hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion engine
and a motor generator as a power source.
BACKGROUND
Upon starting of the engine at the time of the transition from an
electrically driven (EV) mode to hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
mode, such a conventional technology Is known in which the
transmission torque capacity of a second clutch will be lowered
than a torque of motor/generator for starting the engine (see
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2007-126091,
for example).
However, when the vehicle speed is lower than a self-sustainable
rotation speed of engine and the second clutch cannot be operated
with slip, once the engine would be started, there is a problem of
given a sense of discomfort to the driver.
BRIEF SUMMARY
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a
control device and control method for a hybrid vehicle that can
alleviate the discomfort to the driver.
The present invention solves the above problem by preventing an
internal combustion engine from being started when either the input
rotation speed or output rotation speed of the transmission is
lower than a predetermined value in response to a start request of
the internal combustion engine and the friction engagement elements
being impermissible to slip.
According to the present invention, in a situation in which vehicle
speed is lower and the friction engagement element is not allowed
to slip, starting of internal combustion engine may be cancelled so
that the discomfort to the driver may be alleviated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings
wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the
several views, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a
hybrid vehicle in an embodiment according to the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram showing the configuration of the
automatic transmission in an embodiment according to the present
invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a power train of a hybrid vehicle of
another embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a shifting map of the automatic
transmission of the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a power train of a hybrid vehicle of
yet another embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of a unified control unit in the
embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of target drive torque map
in the embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of mode map (shifting map)
in the embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a target charge/discharge
amount map in the embodiment according to the present
invention.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an engine start control in the
embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a timing chart showing a normal start control in the
embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a timing chart showing a backup start control in the
embodiment according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The embodiments according to the present invention are now
described with reference to the drawings.
The hybrid vehicle 1 of the embodiment according to the present
invention is a vehicle of parallel system using a plurality of
power sources. As shown in FIG. 1. the hybrid vehicle 1 is provided
with an internal combustion engine 10 (hereinafter referred to as
"engine"), first clutch 15, motor/generator 20 (motor, generator),
second clutch 25, battery 30, inverter 35, automatic transmission
40, propeller shaft 51, differential gear unit 52, drive shaft 53,
and left and right driving wheels 54.
The engine 10 is an internal combustion engine driven by gasoline,
light oil, etc., and a valve openness of throttle valve, fuel
injection amount, ignition timing, etc. is controlled based on a
control signal from the engine control unit 70.
This engine 11 is provided with an engine rotation speed sensor 11
to detect engine rotation speed Ne.
The first clutch 15 is interposed between the output shaft of the
engine 10 and the rotating shaft of the motor/generator 20, and is
thus selectively connected and disconnected for torque transmission
between engine 10 and motor/generator 20. As an example of first
clutch 15, a multiple-plate wet clutch may be enumerated for
continuously controlling the hydraulic flow rate and hydraulic
pressure by way of a linear solenoid.
At the first clutch 15, hydraulic pressure of hydraulic unit 16 is
controlled based on the control signal from unified control unit
60, and clutch plates will be engaged (including engagement under a
slipped state) or released.
The motor/generator 20 is a synchronous type motor/generator in
which permanent magnets are embedded in a rotor and stator coils
are wound around the stator. This motor/generator 20 is provided
with a motor rotation speed sensor 21. This motor/generator 20
functions not only as an electric motor but also as a generator.
When supplied with a three phase alternate power from inverter 35,
motor/generator 20 is driven to rotate (drive mode).
On the other hand, when rotor rotates by external force,
motor/generator 20 produces the AC power by causing electromotive
force at both ends of the stator coils (regeneration). The AC power
generated by the motor generator 20 is charged to the battery 30
after being converted to direct current by the inverter 35.
Examples of battery 30 are lithium ion secondary battery or
nickel-hydrogen secondary battery. A current-voltage sensor 31 is
attached to the battery 30 and these detection outputs are output
to the motor control unit 80.
The automatic transmission 40 has a multiple-step transmission with
speed ratios such as seven forward and one reverse speed ratios,
which is subject to switch or change automatically depending on
vehicle speed, accelerator opening, etc. This automatic
transmission 40 may change speed ratios in accordance with control
signal from the unified control unit 60.
FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram showing the configuration of the
automatic transmission 40. The automatic transmission 40 is
provided with a first planetary gear set GS1 (first planetary gear
G1, second planetary gear G2) and a second planetary gear set GS2
(third planetary gear G3, a fourth planetary gear G4). Note that
these first planetary gear set GS1 (first planetary gear G1, second
planetary gear G2) and second planetary gear set GS2 (third
planetary gear G3, a fourth planetary gear G4) are disposed in this
order with respect to the side of input shaft, Input, toward the
side of axial output shaft, Output.
In addition, the automatic transmission 40 is provided with a
plurality of clutches C1, C2 and C3, a plurality of brakes B1, B2,
B3 and B4, and a plurality of one-way clutches F1, F2.
The first planetary gear G1 is a single pinion type planetary gear
having a first sun gear S1, first ring gear R1, and a first carrier
PC1 supporting a first pinion P1 intermeshed with these gears S1,
R1.
The second planetary gear G2 is a single pinion type planetary gear
having a second sun gear S2, second ring gear R2, and a second
carrier PC2 supporting second pinion P2 intermeshed with these
gears S2, R2.
The third planetary gear G3 is a single pinion type planetary gear
having a third sun gear S3, third ring gear R3, and a third carrier
PC3 supporting third pinion P3 intermeshed with these gears S3,
R3.
Further, the fourth planetary gear G4 is a single pinion type
planetary gear having a fourth sun gear S4, fourth ring gear R4,
and a fourth carrier PC4 supporting fourth pinion P4 intermeshed
with these gears S4, R4.
The input shaft, Input, is connected to the second ring gear R2,
and receives a rotational drive force from engine 10 or
motor/generator 20. The output shaft, Output, is connected to the
third carrier PC3 and transmits the rotational drive force output
to drive wheels 54 through a final gear (not shown).
A first connecting member M1 is a member integrally connected to
the first ring gear R1, second carrier PC2, and fourth ring gear
R4. A second connecting member M2 is a member integrally connected
to the third ring gear R3 and fourth carrier PC4. A third
connecting member M3 is a member integrally connected to the first
sun gear S1 and second sun gear S2.
The first planetary gear set GS1 is structured by connecting the
first planetary gear G1 and second planetary gear G2 via the first
connecting member M1 and third connecting member M3 to be composed
of four rotation elements.
The second planetary gear set GS2 is structured by connecting the
third planetary gear G3 and fourth planetary gear G4 via the second
connecting member M2 to be composed of five rotation elements.
The first planetary gear set GS1 has a torque input path extending
from input shaft, Input, to input to the second ring gear R2. The
torque input to the first planetary gear set GS1 is output from the
first connecting member M1 to the second planetary gear set
GS2.
The second planetary gear set GS2 has a torque input path extending
from input shaft Input to input to the second connecting member M2
as well as a torque path extending from the first connecting member
M1 to fourth ring gear R4. The torque input to the second planetary
gear set GS2 will be output from the third carrier PC3 to output
shaft, Output.
Note that, when H&LR clutch C3 is released and rotation speed
of fourth sun gear S4 is greater than that of first sun gear S1,
third sun gear S3 and fourth sun gear S4 produce independent
rotation speeds. Thus, such a configuration is obtained in which
the third planetary gear G3 is connected with fourth planetary gear
G4 via second connecting member M2, so that individual planetary
gears attain gear ratios mutually independent.
Further, the input clutch C1 is a clutch selectively connecting and
disconnecting the input shaft, Input, and the second connecting
member M2. The direct clutch C2 selectively connects and
disconnects the fourth sun gear S4 and fourth carrier PC4. H&LR
clutch C3 selectively connects the third sun gear S3 and fourth sun
gear S4. Note that a second one-way clutch is interposed between
the third sun gear S3 and fourth sun gear S4.
Front brake B1 selectively stops rotation of first carrier PC1. In
addition, first one-way clutch F1 is disposed parallel to front
brake B1. Low brake B2 selectively stops third sun gear S3.
Brake B3 selectively stops rotation of the third connecting member
M3 (first sun gear S1 and second sun gear S2). Reverse brake B4
selectively stops rotation of fourth carrier PC4.
The automatic transmission 40 is provided with an input rotation
sensor 41 to detect rotation speed Ni of input shaft, Input
(hereinafter, referred to as transmission input rotation speed) and
an output rotation speed sensor 42 to detect rotation speed No
(herein after referred to automatic transmission output rotation
speed. Note that the transmission output rotation speed No
corresponds to a vehicle speed V.
The second clutch 25 is interposed between motor/generator 20 and
automatic transmission 40 for selectively connecting and
disconnecting power transmission between motor/generator 20 and
automatic transmission 40. As a concrete example of this second
clutch 25, similarly in the first clutch 15, for example, a
multiple-plate wet type clutch may be enumerated. The second clutch
25 is controlled in hydraulic pressure of hydraulic unit 26 in
accordance with control signal from unified control unit 60 for
controlling engagement (including a slipping state)/release.
As shown in FIG. 3, the second clutch 25 needs not be an added,
dedicated clutch, but may be commonly used, with one or some
elements are commonly used among the plurality of frictional
engagement elements which are fastened at each speed ratio of the
automatic transmission 40. As alternative, as illustrated in FIG.
5, the second clutch 25 may be separately provided between output
shaft of automatic transmission 40 and propeller shaft 51.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when commonly using a friction
engagement element within automatic transmission 40 as second
clutch 25, the friction engagement element encircled by thick line
in FIG. 4 may be used as second clutch 25. Specifically, for the
first to third speed ratios, Low brake B2 is used as second clutch
25 while for fourth to seventh speed ratios, H&LR clutch C3 may
be used as second clutch 25.
It should be noted that FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an engagement
operation table for automatic transmission 40 with seven forward
and one reverse speeds. The. ".largecircle." in FIG. 4 shows a
state in which relevant clutch or brake is in an engaged state,
while blank cell shows a state in which the brake or clutch is in a
released state. In has concluded appropriate, blank indicates the
state to which they are released. Further, in FIG. 4, the mark
"(.largecircle.)" indicates that the fastening operation takes
place only during engine brake
Note that in FIGS. 3 and 5, showing configurations of hybrid
vehicle in the other embodiments, since the configurations other
than the power train are the same as FIG. 1, only power trains are
illustrated. Although in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, an example of hybrid
vehicle of rear wheel drive type is shown, it is of course possible
to apply to a hybrid vehicle with FWD or 4WD.
The invention is not particularly limited to the above described
step transmission with seven forward and one reverse speeds, but,
for example the step transmission with five forward and one reverse
speeds described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No.
2007-314097 may be used as the automatic transmission 40.
Returning to FIG. 1, the output shaft of automatic transmission 40
is connected to left and right drive wheels 54 via propeller shaft
51, differential gear unit 52, and left and right drive shafts 53.
Note that left and right steered front wheels are indicted by
reference sign 55 in FIG. 1.
In the hybrid vehicle 1 in the present embodiment, three drive
modes are available to be switched there between depending on the
engagement/release states of first, second clutches 15, 25.
The first drive mode is an electric motor drive mode (hereinafter
called "EV mode"), which is achieved by releasing the first clutch
15 and engaging second clutch 25 such that vehicle is propelled by
the motor/generator 20 as sole power source for driving the
vehicle.
The second drive mode is an engine-employing drive mode or a hybrid
drive mode (hereinafter called "HEV mode"), which is achieved by
engaging both the first clutch 15 and second clutch 25 such that
the vehicle travels by engine 10 in addition to motor/generator 20
as power source.
The third drive mode pertains to a slip drive mode (hereinafter
called "WSC drive mode") which is achieved by maintaining second
clutch 25 in a slipped state and vehicle is propelled by at least
one of engine 1 and motor/generator 20 as power source. This WSC
drive mode is in place to achieve a creep travel especially when
the SOC (the amount of charge, State of Charge) is low, at a low
temperature of cooling water of engine and the like.
Note that in a transitional state from EV mode to HEV mode, the
first clutch that has been released is engaged and engine 10 will
be started by making use of torque of motor/generator 20.
Moreover, the HEV mode further includes an "engine drive mode", a
"motor assist drive mode", and a "power generating travel
mode".
In the "engine drive mode", the engine 10 serves as the sole power
source for propelling the drive wheels 54. In the "motor assist
drive mode", both the engine 10 and the motor/generator 20 serve as
power sources for propelling the drive wheels 54. In the "power
generating travel mode", the engine 10 drives the drive wheels 54
while the motor/generator 20 functions as an electric generator
Note that in addition to the modes described above, a power
generation mode may be eventually available in a vehicle stopped
state where motor/generator 20 is allowed to function as generator
by making use of power of engine 10 to charge battery 30 or
supplying power to electric equipment.
The control system of the hybrid vehicle 1 in the present
embodiment is provided with a unified control unit 60, engine
control unit 70 and motor control unit 80, as shown in FIG. 1.
These control units 60, 70, and 80 are interconnected to each other
through a CAN communication line, for example.
The engine control unit 70 is configured to receive engine rotation
speed information from the engine speed sensor 11, and, in
accordance with a target engine torque command tTe from the unified
control unit 60, outputs a command controlling an engine operation
point (engine rotation speed Ne, engine torque Te) to a throttle
valve actuator, injector, spark plug and the like provided with
engine 10. The information about engine rotation speed Ne, engine
torque Te, is supplied to the unified control unit 60 through CAN
communication line.
The motor control unit 80 is configured to receive information from
the motor rotation sensor 21 equipped on motor/generator 20, and,
in accordance with command such as a target mortar/generator torque
tTm (or alternatively, target motor/generator rotation speed),
outputs a command controlling the operation point of
motor/generator 20 (motor rotation speed Nm, motor torque Tm) to
inverter 35.
The motor control unit 80 is configured to calculate and manage the
state of charge (SOC) of the battery 30 based on the current value
and voltage detected by current/voltage sensor 31. This battery SOC
information is used for control information of motor/generator 20,
and sent to unified control unit 60 via CAN communication line.
The unified or integrated control unit 60 bears the function of
driving or operating the hybrid vehicle 1 efficiently by
controlling the operation point of the power train consisting
engine 10, motor/generator 20, automatic transmission 40, first
clutch 15, and second clutch 25.
The unified control unit 60 calculates the operation point of the
power train based on the information from each sensor acquired
through CAN communication, and executes to control the operation of
the engine by the control command to the engine control unit 70,
the operation of the motor/generator 20 by control command to motor
control unit 80, operation of automatic transmission 40 through
control command to automatic transmission 40, engagement/release
operation of first clutch 15 by the control command to hydraulic
unit 16 of first clutch 15, and engagement/release operation of
second clutch 25 by the control command to hydraulic unit 26 of
second clutch 25.
Now, the control will be described which is executed by the unified
control unit 60. FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of the unified
control unit 60. The control described below is performed for every
10 msec, for example.
The unified control unit 60 includes, as shown in FIG. 2, a target
drive force computing section 100, a mode selecting section 200, a
target charge/discharge computing section 300, an operation point
command section 400, and a shift control section 500.
The target driving force computing section 100 is configured to use
the target driving force or torque map to compute a target driving
force tFo0 based on the accelerator pedal opening APO detected by
accelerator opening sensor 61 and the output rotation speed No of
the transmission (i.e., vehicle speed VSP) detected by output
rotation speed sensor of automatic transmission 40. An example of
the target drive force map is shown in FIG. 7.
The mode selecting section is configured to refer to a preset mode
map to select a target mode. An example of mode map is shown in
FIG. 8. In the mode map of FIG. 8 (shift map), based on vehicle
speed VSP and accelerator opening AP0, religions of EV drive mode,
WSC drive mode, and HEV drive mode are respectively defined.
On this mode map, the EV drive mode is assigned to the inner side
of the starting line Lo, and HEV drive mode is assigned to the
outer side of the starting line Lo. Thus, the mode selection unit
200 requires the operation point command section 400 to start
engine 10 when transitioning from EV drive mode to HEV drive mode
by moving beyond the starting line L0.
In addition, the WSC drive mode described above is assigned
respectively in both low-speed regions (the area below 15 km/h, for
example) of EV drive mode and of HEV drive mode. Note that the
predetermined vehicle speed VSP1 defining this WSC drive mode
corresponds to a vehicle speed (i.e., vehicle speed corresponding
to an idle speed of engine 10) at which engine 10 may rotate
autonomously or at a self-sustainable rotation. Therefore, at the
region in which the vehicle speed is lower than the predetermined
vehicle speed VSP1, engine 1-- may not rotate autonomously or on a
self-sustainable basis.
However, even at EV drive mode being selected, if the SOC of
battery 30 is equal to or below a prescribed value, control may
transition to HEV mode depending on the situation.
The target charge/discharge computing section 300 is configured to
use the target charge/discharge map previously set such as one
shown in FIG. 9 to compute a target charge/discharge power tP based
on the battery SOC.
The operation point command section 400 is configured to compute a
transitional target engine torque tTe, a transitional target
motor/generator torque tTm (or target motor/generator rotation
speed tNm), a transitional target first clutch transmission torque
capacity tTc1, a transitional target second clutch transmission
torque capacity tTc2, and a transitional target gear (gear ratio)
of the automatic transmission 40, respectively based on the
accelerator pedal opening APO, the target driving force tFo0, the
target mode, the vehicle speed VSP, and the target charge/discharge
power tP.
The target engine torque tTe is sent from unified control unit 60
to engine control unit 70, while the target motor/generator torque
tTm (or target motor/generator rotation speed Nm) is sent from
unified control unit 60 to motor control unit 80.
On the other hand, with respect to the target first clutch
transmission torque capacity tTc1 and target second clutch
transmission torque capacity tTc2, unified control unit 60 supplies
solenoid currents to hydraulic units 16, 26, respectively
corresponding to the target first clutch transmission torque
capacity tTc1 and target second clutch transmission torque capacity
tTc2.
The shift control section 500 is configured to control the solenoid
valves inside the automatic transmission 40 such that the target
gear step can be achieved. Note that a shift map such as shown in
FIG. 8 assigns a target gear ratio based on the vehicle speed VSP
and the accelerator pedal opening APO.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the
operation point command section 400 is provided with a slip
determination section 410, start determination section 420 and
start control section 430.
The slip determination section 410 determines whether or not the
second clutch may be allowed to slip based on the rotation speed
difference (=Nm-Ni) across the second clutch 25 at the time at
which the drive force of motor/generator 20 has been changed
following an output of release command signal to the second clutch
25.
The start determination section 420 determines whether or not to
allow engine 10 to start based on the determination results of slip
determination section 410 and vehicle speed VSP.
The start determination section 420 allows engine 10 to start when
the second clutch 25 is allowed to slip, or vehicle speed VSP
(=output rotation speed of automatic transmission 40 Ne) exceeds a
predetermined vehicle speed VSP1 (VSP.gtoreq.VSP1) despite the
second clutch 25 being inadmissible to slip).
On the other hand, when the second clutch is not allowed to slip
and vehicle speed VSP is below the predetermined vehicle speed VSP1
(VSP<VSP1), start determination section 420 does not allow to
start engine 10. Note that start determination section 420 may
allow to start engine 10 based on comparison between the input
rotation speed Ni of automatic transmission 40 and a predetermined
rotation speed. The predetermined rotation speed in this case shall
correspond to that at which engine may rotate autonomously or on
self-sustainable basis, i.e., an idling rotation speed of the
engine 10.
The start control section 430 executes control to start engine 10
based on the determination results of the start determination unit
420.
This start control unit 430 is capable of performing two types of
start control, i.e., a normal start control to start engine 10 with
maintaining second clutch 25 being in a slipped state, and a
back-up start control to start engine 10 with the second clutch 25
completely engaged.
The start control section 430 performs a normal start control (see
FIG. 11) when the second clutch 25 can slip, while performs a
back-up start control (see FIG. 12) when the second clutch may not
allowed to slip and vehicle speed VSP exceeds the predetermined
vehicle speed VSP1 (VSP.gtoreq.VSP1).
The engine start control of the hybrid vehicle 1 in the present
embodiment is now described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12. FIG.
10 is a flowchart showing an engine start control in the embodiment
according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a timing chart showing a normal start control in the
embodiment according to the present invention and FIG. 12 is a
timing chart showing a back-up start control in the embodiment
according to the present invention
First, when mode selection section 200 selects HEV drive mode as
target mode during operation of EV drive mode, a mode switching
command to HEV mode including the engine start request is
transmitted from mode selection section 200 to operation point
command section 400 (Step S10, FIG. 10).
The slip determination section 410 in the operation point command
section 400 determines whether or not second clutch is allowed to
slip upon receipt of this engine start request (Step S20).
More specifically, slip determination section 410 sends a command
to hydraulic unit 26, which would reduce the target second clutch
transmission torque capacity tTc2 of second clutch 25 to zero. In
addition, slip determination section 410 sends a command which
increases the target motor/generator torque tTm by a predetermined
amount to motor control unit 80 so that the second clutch may
easily generates a rotation difference. In this state, slip
determination section 410 calculates a rotation difference of
second clutch 25 (=Nm-Ni) based on the motor rotation speed Nm and
transmission input rotation speed Ni.
Here, when the rotation difference of second clutch 25 exceeds the
predetermined rotation Ns (i.e., Nm-Ni>Ns), the slip
determination section 410 determines that the second clutch 25 is
allowed to slip. On the other hand, when the rotation difference of
second clutch 25 is equal to or less than the predetermined
rotation speed Ns (i.e., Nm-Ni.ltoreq.Ns), then the slip
determination section 410 determines that second clutch 25 may not
slip.
Note that, despite the command to reduce the target second clutch
transmission torque capacity tTc2 to zero as well as the command to
increase the target motor/generator torque tTm by a predetermined
amount being issued, the occurrence that the rotation difference
across the second clutch 25 is below the predetermined rotation
speed Ns is attributable to the second clutch 25 being stuck. The
stuck state of the second clutch 25 denotes such a situation in
which the engagement of second clutch 25 cannot be released due to
failure or adhesion despite the command to release engagement.
When second clutch 25 is determined to be allowed to slip in step
S20 (YES at step S20), start determination section 420 allows
engine 10 to start and start control section 430 starts the engine
10 in accordance with a normal start control in step S30.
FIG. 11 is a timing chart showing the flow of normal start control
executed in this step S30.
As shown in FIG. 11, in this normal start control process, under
the presence of start request of engine 10 from mode selection
section 200 (step S10, see FIG. 11 (1)), when the second clutch 25
is determined to be allowed to slip in step S20 (see FIG. 11 (2)),
the rotation speed of engine 10 will be increased by causing the
first clutch 15 to slip while maintaining the second clutch 25 to
slip (see FIG. 11 (a) and (b)).
When the rotation speed of engine 10 has increased to some extent,
command to inject fuel and ignite to spark to initially combust
engine 10 (see FIG. 11(d)).
Subsequently, when the rotation speed of engine 10 and that of
motor/generator 20 is brought into synchronization (see FIG. 11
(3)), the first clutch 15 and second clutch 26 will be engaged
sequentially.
Note that, in this normal start control, since engine 10 may be
started while holding the second clutch 25 in a slipping state,
motor/generator is controlled by a feedback control on rotation
speed (see FIG. 11(c)).
In step S20 in FIG. 10, when the second clutch 25 is determined not
to be allowed to slip (No in step S20), start determination section
420 compares vehicle speed VSP with the predetermined vehicle speed
VSP1 in step S40. In this step S40, by comparing vehicle speed VSP
with the predetermined vehicle speed VSP1, a determination is made
whether or not the operation point is positioned in the region of
WSC drive mode in FIG. 8.
At the vehicle speed VSP being less than the predetermined vehicle
speed VSP1 (VSP<VSP1, i.e., No at step S40), then up until a
predetermined time has elapsed after a command to hydraulic unit 26
to reduce the target second clutch transmission torque capacity
tTc2 of second clutch 25 to zero and a command to increase the
target motor/generator torque tTm by a predetermined amount to
motor control unit 80 are issued, slip determination section 410
continues to determine whether or not the second clutch 25 is
allowed to slip (NO at step S50, No at step S60).
In the present embodiment, in steps S50 and S60, by continuing to
determine for slip admissibility for a predetermined period of
time, the reliability to determine the inadmissibility (inhibition)
of engine start is enhanced. Note that, at No decision in step S40,
control may omit steps S50 and S60 and directly advance to step
S70.
In case where the slip determination section 410 does not determine
the second clutch 25 allowable to slip within a predetermined time
(YES in step S50), start determination section 420 does not allow
engine 10 to start and returns to EV drive mode (step S70).
Note that, when start determination section 420 does not allow
engine 10 to start, and the engine start request from mode
selection section 200 continues, then the step S20 and subsequent
steps in FIG. 10 will be repeated.
On the other hand, when slip determination section 420 determines
the second clutch 25 allowable to slip with the predetermined time
(No in step S50, YES in step S60), start determination section 420
allows engine 10 to start and start control section 430 starts the
engine 10 in accordance with the normal start control described
above (step S30).
In step S40, when the vehicle speed VSP is equal to or greater than
the predetermined vehicle speed VSP1 (VSP.gtoreq.VSP1, YES in step
S40), start determination section 420 allows engine 10 to start and
start control section 430 starts engine 10 in accordance with the
back-up start control in step S80.
FIG. 12 is a timing chart showing the back-up start control process
executed in this step S80.
As shown in FIG. 12, in the back-up start control, under presence
of engine start request from mode selection section 200 (step S10,
see FIG. 12, (1)), when the second clutch 25 is determined not to
be allowed to slip (see FIG. 12 (2)), rotation speed of engine 10
will be increased by holding the first clutch in a slipped state
while maintaining the second clutch 25 engaged (see FIG. 12(a) and
(d)).
Subsequently, when the rotation speed of engine 10 is synchronized
with the rotation speed of motor/generator (see FIG. 12 (3)), the
first clutch 15 is engaged completely (see FIG. 12(a)), and after
several rotations of engine upon engagement of first clutch 15,
engine 10 is injected with fuel and ignited by spark to achieve an
initial explosion (see FIG. 12 (4)). In response to second clutch
25 being started, second clutch 25 will be engaged (see FIG.
12(a)).
Note that, by performing an initial explosion after a few rotations
of engine 10 upon engagement of first clutch 15, the residual air
remaining in cylinder of engine 10 may be discharged and a torque
associated with engine starting operation may be reduced.
During this back-up start control process, since engine 10 is
started with second clutch 25 being engaged, motor/generator 20 is
feedback controlled on torque in order to reduce the torque
generating at engine startup (see FIG. 11(c))
Even during the back-up start control process by this start control
section 430, slip determination section 410 determines whether or
not the second clutch 25 may slip based on the rotation difference
across the second clutch 25 (step S90).
In step S90, when the second clutch 25 is determined to be allowed
to slip (YES at step S90) by slip determination section 410, start
control section 430 switches from the back-up start control to the
normal start control by transitioning the second clutch 25 from
engaged state to a slipped state. Thus, a discomfort to the drive
at engine startup may be alleviated.
As described above, in the present embodiment, in a situation in
which engine start request is present and second clutch 25 is not
allowed to slip, when vehicle speed VSP is less than the
predetermined vehicle speed VSP1 (i.e., within the region of the
WSC drive mode), start of engine 10 will be cancelled and engine 10
will not be started in the WSC region. Thus, along with the
alleviation of discomfort conveyed to the driver, occurrence of
engine stall may be avoided as well.
For example, when engine 10 is started with the second clutch being
in a slipped state, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 11(e) and
dotted line in FIG. 12(e), acceleration increases gradually. By
contrast, when engine 10 is started without allowing second clutch
25 being in a slopped state, as shown in solid line in FIG. 12(e),
since the acceleration will increase abruptly due to engagement of
second clutch 25, the driver might feel discomfort, especially
conspicuously in the region of the WSC drive mode.
On the other hand, even at presence of engine start request in a
situation in which the second clutch 25 is not allowed to slip,
when the vehicle speed VSP is higher than the predetermined vehicle
speed VSP1 (i.e. outside of WSC drive mode region), engine 10 will
be started with the second clutch being in an engaged state to
prioritize the transition to HEV drive mode. Thus, drive force may
be assured and the request for charging battery 30 will be able to
be satisfied.
Further, in the present embodiment, when the vehicle speed VSP is
less than the predetermined vehicle speed VSP1 in step S40, the
admissibility of second clutch 25 to slip is continued until a
predetermined time will elapse, reduction in SOC of battery 30 due
to the continuation of EV drive mode will be greatly
suppressed.
In the present embodiment, after the determination not to allow to
start engine 10 in step S70, when the engine start request is
continued from mode selection section 200, by repeating execution
of step S20 and subsequent steps, admissibility of engine starting
will be confirmed again. Therefore, reduction in SOC of battery 30
due to the continuation of EV drive mode will be greatly
suppressed.
Further, in the midst of execution of the back-up start control,
when the second clutch 25 is allowed to slip, since control changes
from the back-up start control to normal start control, the
discomfort conveyed to the driver may be reduced.
It should be noted that the second clutch 25 corresponds to an
example of the friction engagement element according to the present
invention. The automatic transmission 40 in the present embodiment
corresponds to an example of transmission according to the present
invention. The mode selection section 200 in the present embodiment
corresponds to an example of start request unit according to the
present invention. The slip determination section 410 corresponds
to a slip determination unit according to the present invention.
The start determination section 420 corresponds to a start
determination unit according to the present invention. Finally, the
start control section 430 corresponds to an example of start
control unit according to the present invention.
The embodiments described above are descried for ease of
understanding of the present invention, and not described to
delimit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, respective
elements disclosed in the embodiments are illustrated to intend to
cover any design modifications or equivalents thereof which belong
to the technical scope of the present invention.
* * * * *