U.S. patent number 8,838,493 [Application Number 11/531,872] was granted by the patent office on 2014-09-16 for financial instrument providing a portable guarantee.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Prudential Insurance Company of America. The grantee listed for this patent is Peter C. Carlson, George A. Castinetras, Mark J. Foley, Nakia A. Kearse, James I. Mahaney, Douglas S. McIntosh, Jr., Richard G. Phipps, Jr., Brian Picard, Brent W. Walder. Invention is credited to Peter C. Carlson, George A. Castinetras, Mark J. Foley, Nakia A. Kearse, James I. Mahaney, Douglas S. McIntosh, Jr., Richard G. Phipps, Jr., Brian Picard, Brent W. Walder.
United States Patent |
8,838,493 |
Carlson , et al. |
September 16, 2014 |
Financial instrument providing a portable guarantee
Abstract
According to one embodiment of the invention, a financial
instrument includes a first tax-deferred account and first, second,
and third guarantees. The first tax-deferred account has an account
balance based in part on a deduction from wages paid to an
employee. The first guarantee is a guarantee of a first protected
value based upon a deposit growing at a minimum growth rate The
second guarantee is a guarantee that a beneficiary may periodically
receive a transfer of an amount of money for the life of the
employee. The third guarantee is a guarantee that the first
protected value may be transferred with the first tax-deferred
account to a separate financial instrument including a second
tax-deferred account, a fourth guarantee of a second protected
value, and a fifth guarantee that a beneficiary may periodically
receive a transfer of an amount of money for the life of the
employee.
Inventors: |
Carlson; Peter C. (East Granby,
CT), Castinetras; George A. (Farmington, CT), Foley; Mark
J. (Simsbury, CT), Kearse; Nakia A. (Maplewood, NJ),
Mahaney; James I. (Upper Montclair, NJ), McIntosh, Jr.;
Douglas S. (West Hartford, CT), Phipps, Jr.; Richard G.
(Spring Lake Heights, NJ), Picard; Brian (West Simsbury,
CT), Walder; Brent W. (Ellington, CT) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Carlson; Peter C.
Castinetras; George A.
Foley; Mark J.
Kearse; Nakia A.
Mahaney; James I.
McIntosh, Jr.; Douglas S.
Phipps, Jr.; Richard G.
Picard; Brian
Walder; Brent W. |
East Granby
Farmington
Simsbury
Maplewood
Upper Montclair
West Hartford
Spring Lake Heights
West Simsbury
Ellington |
CT
CT
CT
NJ
NJ
CT
NJ
CT
CT |
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
The Prudential Insurance Company of
America (Newark, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
39239850 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/531,872 |
Filed: |
September 14, 2006 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20080071655 A1 |
Mar 20, 2008 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
705/36T; 705/4;
705/35 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q
40/00 (20130101); G06Q 40/08 (20130101); G06Q
40/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06Q
40/00 (20120101) |
Field of
Search: |
;705/35,36T,4 |
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|
Primary Examiner: Hammond, III; Thomas M
Assistant Examiner: Scarito; John
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Baker Botts L.L.P.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for administering a financial instrument, the method
comprising: following an issuance of an employee retirement plan
contract to an employee, wherein the employee retirement plan
contract includes (i) a growth rate guarantee specifying a minimum
positive growth rate and (ii) a portability guarantee including one
or more provisions allowing the employee to transfer all or a
portion of a balance of an employee retirement plan account
associated with the employee retirement plan contract to an
individual retirement account and further allowing the employee to
transfer all or a portion of a protected value of the employee
retirement plan contract to an individual retirement account
contract: updating the balance of the employee retirement plan
account based on market performance of one or more variable
investments selected by the employee; and calculating, by one or
more processor devices executing one or more processing modules,
the protected value of the employee retirement plan contract,
wherein the calculated protected value is at least equal to an
initial deposit into the employee retirement plan account growing
at the specified minimum positive growth rate regardless of the
market performance of the one or more variable investments selected
by the employee; and further following an issuance, after an
election by the employee to perform a transfer via the portability
guarantee, of the individual retirement account contract to the
employee, wherein the individual retirement account contract
includes a continuation guarantee including one or more provisions
allowing the employee to transfer all or a portion of the balance
of the employee retirement plan account to the individual
retirement account and further allowing the employee to transfer
all or a portion of the protected value of the employee retirement
plan contract to the individual retirement account contract:
transferring a percentage of the updated balance of the employee
retirement plan account to the individual retirement account; and
transferring a percentage of the calculated protected value of the
employee retirement plan contract to the individual retirement
account contract, the percentage of the calculated protected value
transferred being equal to all or a portion of the percentage of
the updated balance of the employee retirement plan account
transferred to the individual retirement account so that a
beneficiary is guaranteed to periodically receive, for the life of
the employee, an amount of money from the individual retirement
account based on the percentage of the calculated protected value
transferred to the individual retirement account contract
regardless of market performance of the individual retirement
account.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial deposit into the
employee retirement plan account comprises a pre-tax deduction from
wages paid by an employer to the employee.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the money received by the
beneficiary is either due to withdrawal from the individual
retirement account or due to benefit payments made to the
beneficiary from the individual retirement account.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculated protected value is
at least equal to the initial deposit into the employee retirement
plan account growing at the specified minimum positive growth rate
for at least a defined period of time or until one or more defined
events occur, whichever is sooner.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the specified minimum positive
growth rate is a fixed rate between four percent and six
percent.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the specified minimum positive
growth rate is based on a consumer price index.
7. A data processing system, comprising: one or more processing
devices; and one or more memory devices storing software
configured, when executed by the one or more processing devices,
to: following an issuance of an employee retirement plan contract
to an employee, wherein the employee retirement plan contract
includes (i) a growth rate guarantee specifying a minimum positive
growth rate and (ii) a portability guarantee including one or more
provisions allowing the employee to transfer all or a portion of a
balance of an employee retirement plan account associated with the
employee retirement plan contract to an individual retirement
account and further allowing the employee to transfer all or a
portion of a protected value of the employee retirement plan
contract to an individual retirement account contract: update the
balance of the employee retirement plan account based on market
performance of one or more variable investments selected by the
employee; and calculate the protected value of the employee
retirement plan contract, wherein the calculated protected value is
at least equal to an initial deposit into the employee retirement
plan account growing at the specified minimum positive growth rate
regardless of the market performance of the one or more variable
investments selected by the employee; and further following an
issuance, after an election by the employee to perform a transfer
via the portability guarantee, of the individual retirement account
contract to the employee, wherein the individual retirement account
contract includes a continuation guarantee including one or more
provisions allowing the employee to transfer all or a portion of
the balance of the employee retirement plan account to the
individual retirement account and further allowing the employee to
transfer all or a portion of the protected value of the employee
retirement plan contract to the individual retirement account
contract: transfer a percentage of the updated balance of the
employee retirement plan account to the individual retirement
account; and transfer a percentage of the calculated protected
value of the employee retirement plan contract to the individual
retirement account contract, the percentage of the calculated
protected value transferred being equal to all or a portion of the
percentage of the updated balance of the employee retirement plan
account transferred to the individual retirement account so that a
beneficiary is guaranteed to periodically receive, for the life of
the employee, an amount of money from the individual retirement
account based on the percentage of the calculated protected value
transferred to the individual retirement account contract
regardless of market performance of the individual retirement
account.
8. The data processing system of claim 7, wherein the initial
deposit into the employee retirement plan account comprises a
pre-tax deduction from wages paid by an employer to the
employee.
9. The data processing system of claim 7, wherein the money
received by the beneficiary is either due to withdrawal from the
individual retirement account or due to benefit payments made to
the beneficiary from the individual retirement account.
10. The data processing system of claim 7, wherein the calculated
protected value is at least equal to the initial deposit into the
employee retirement plan account growing at the specified minimum
positive growth rate for at least a defined period of time or until
one or more defined events occur, whichever is sooner.
11. The data processing system of claim 7, wherein the specified
minimum positive growth rate is a fixed rate between four percent
and six percent.
12. The data processing system of claim 7, wherein the specified
minimum positive growth rate is based on a consumer price
index.
13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with
software, the software configured, when executed by one or more
processing devices, to: following an issuance of an employee
retirement plan contract to an employee, wherein the employee
retirement plan contract includes (i) a growth rate guarantee
specifying a minimum positive growth rate and (ii) a portability
guarantee including one or more provisions allowing the employee to
transfer all or a portion of a balance of an employee retirement
plan account associated with the employee retirement plan contract
to an individual retirement account and further allowing the
employee to transfer all or a portion of a protected value of the
employee retirement plan contract to an individual retirement
account contract: update the balance of the employee retirement
plan account based on market performance of one or more variable
investments selected by the employee; and calculate the protected
value of the employee retirement plan contract, wherein the
calculated protected value is at least equal to an initial deposit
into the employee retirement plan account growing at the specified
minimum positive growth rate regardless of the market performance
of the one or more variable investments selected by the employee;
and further following an issuance, after an election by the
employee to perform a transfer via the portability guarantee, of
the individual retirement account contract to the employee, wherein
the individual retirement account contract includes a continuation
guarantee including one or more provisions allowing the employee to
transfer all or a portion of the balance of the employee retirement
plan account to the individual retirement account and further
allowing the employee to transfer all or a portion of the protected
value of the employee retirement plan contract to the individual
retirement account contract: transfer a percentage of the updated
balance of the employee retirement plan account to the individual
retirement account; and transfer a percentage of the calculated
protected value of the employee retirement plan contract to the
individual retirement account contract, the percentage of the
calculated protected value transferred being equal to all or a
portion of the percentage of the updated balance of the employee
retirement plan account transferred to the individual retirement
account so that a beneficiary is guaranteed to periodically
receive, for the life of the employee, an amount of money from the
individual retirement account based on the percentage of the
calculated protected value transferred to the individual retirement
account contract regardless of market performance of the individual
retirement account.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13,
wherein the initial deposit into the employee retirement plan
account comprises a pre-tax deduction from wages paid by an
employer to the employee.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13,
wherein the money received by the beneficiary is either due to
withdrawal from the individual retirement account or due to benefit
payments made to the beneficiary from the individual retirement
account.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13,
wherein the calculated protected value is at least equal to the
initial deposit into the employee retirement plan account growing
at the specified minimum positive growth rate for at least a
defined period of time or until one or more defined events occur,
whichever is sooner.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13,
wherein the specified minimum positive growth rate is a fixed rate
between four percent and six percent.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13,
wherein the specified minimum positive growth rate is based on a
consumer price index.
19. A method for administering a financial instrument, the method
comprising: following an issuance of a group annuity plan contract
to an individual, wherein the group annuity plan contract includes
(i) a growth rate guarantee specifying a minimum positive growth
rate and (ii) a portability guarantee including one or more
provisions allowing the individual to transfer all or a portion of
a balance of a group annuity account associated with the group
annuity plan contract to an individual retirement account and
further allowing the individual to transfer all or a portion of a
protected value of the group annuity plan contract to an individual
retirement account contract: updating the balance of the group
annuity account based on market performance of one or more variable
investments selected by the individual; and calculating, by one or
more processor devices executing one or more processing modules,
the protected value of the group annuity plan contract, wherein the
calculated protected value is at least equal to an initial deposit
into the group annuity account growing at the specified minimum
positive growth rate regardless of the market performance of the
one or more variable investments selected by the individual; and
further following an issuance, after an election by the individual
to perform a transfer via the portability guarantee, of the
individual retirement account contract to the individual, wherein
the individual retirement account contract includes a continuation
guarantee including one or more provisions allowing the individual
to transfer all or a portion of the balance of the group annuity
account to the individual retirement account and further allowing
the individual to transfer all or a portion of the protected value
of the group annuity plan contract to the individual retirement
account contract: transferring a percentage of the updated balance
of the group annuity account to the individual retirement account;
and transferring a percentage of the calculated protected value of
the group annuity plan contract to the individual retirement
account contract, the percentage of the calculated protected value
transferred being equal to all or a portion of the percentage of
the updated balance of the group annuity account transferred to the
individual retirement account so that a beneficiary is guaranteed
to periodically receive, for the life of the individual, an amount
of money from the individual retirement account based on the
percentage of the calculated protected value transferred to the
individual retirement account contract regardless of market
performance of the individual retirement account.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the initial deposit into the
group annuity account comprises a pre-tax deduction from wages paid
by an employer to the individual.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the money received by the
beneficiary is either due to withdrawal from the individual
retirement account or due to benefit payments made to the
beneficiary from the individual retirement account.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the calculated protected value
is at least equal to the initial deposit into the group annuity
account growing at the specified minimum positive growth rate for
at least a defined period of time or until one or more defined
events occur, whichever is sooner.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein the specified minimum positive
growth rate is a fixed rate between four percent and six
percent.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein the specified minimum positive
growth rate is based on a consumer price index.
25. A data processing system, comprising: one or more processing
devices; and one or more memory devices storing software
configured, when executed by the one or more processing devices,
to: following an issuance of a group annuity plan contract to an
individual, wherein the group annuity plan contract includes (i) a
growth rate guarantee specifying a minimum positive growth rate and
(ii) a portability guarantee including one or more provisions
allowing the individual to transfer all or a portion of a balance
of a group annuity account associated with the group annuity plan
contract to an individual retirement account and further allowing
the individual to transfer all or a portion of a protected value of
the group annuity plan contract to an individual retirement account
contract: update the balance of the group annuity account based on
market performance of one or more variable investments selected by
the individual; and calculate the protected value of the group
annuity plan contract, wherein the calculated protected value is at
least equal to an initial deposit into the group annuity account
growing at the specified minimum positive growth rate regardless of
the market performance of the one or more variable investments
selected by the individual; and further following an issuance,
after an election by the individual to perform a transfer via the
portability guarantee, of the individual retirement account
contract to the individual, wherein the individual retirement
account contract includes a continuation guarantee including one or
more provisions allowing the individual to transfer all or a
portion of the balance of the group annuity account to the
individual retirement account and further allowing the individual
to transfer all or a portion of the protected value of the group
annuity plan contract to the individual retirement account
contract: transfer a percentage of the updated balance of the group
annuity account to the individual retirement account; and transfer
a percentage of the calculated protected value of the group annuity
plan contract to the individual retirement account contract, the
percentage of the calculated protected value transferred being
equal to all or a portion of the percentage of the updated balance
of the group annuity account transferred to the individual
retirement account so that a beneficiary is guaranteed to
periodically receive, for the life of the individual, an amount of
money from the individual retirement account based on the
percentage of the calculated protected value transferred to the
individual retirement account contract regardless of market
performance of the individual retirement account.
26. The data processing system of claim 25, wherein the initial
deposit into the group annuity account comprises a pre-tax
deduction from wages paid by an employer to the individual.
27. The data processing system of claim 25, wherein the money
received by the beneficiary is either due to withdrawal from the
individual retirement account or due to benefit payments made to
the beneficiary from the individual retirement account.
28. The data processing system of claim 25, wherein the calculated
protected value is at least equal to the initial deposit into the
group annuity account growing at the specified minimum positive
growth rate for at least a defined period of time or until one or
more defined events occur, whichever is sooner.
29. The data processing system of claim 25, wherein the specified
minimum positive growth rate is a fixed rate between four percent
and six percent.
30. The data processing system of claim 25, wherein the specified
minimum positive growth rate is based on a consumer price
index.
31. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with
software, the software configured, when executed by one or more
processing devices, to: following an issuance of a group annuity
plan contract to an individual, wherein the group annuity plan
contract includes (i) a growth rate guarantee specifying a minimum
positive growth rate and (ii) a portability guarantee including one
or more provisions allowing the individual to transfer all or a
portion of a balance of a group annuity account associated with the
group annuity plan contract to an individual retirement account and
further allowing the individual to transfer all or a portion of a
protected value of the group annuity plan contract to an individual
retirement account contract: update the balance of the group
annuity account based on market performance of one or more variable
investments selected by the individual; and calculate the protected
value of the group annuity plan contract, wherein the calculated
protected value is at least equal to an initial deposit into the
group annuity account growing at the specified minimum positive
growth rate regardless of the market performance of the one or more
variable investments selected by the individual; and further
following an issuance, after an election by the individual to
perform a transfer via the portability guarantee, of the individual
retirement account contract to the individual, wherein the
individual retirement account contract includes a continuation
guarantee including one or more provisions allowing the individual
to transfer all or a portion of the balance of the group annuity
account to the individual retirement account and further allowing
the individual to transfer all or a portion of the protected value
of the group annuity plan contract to the individual retirement
account contract: transfer a percentage of the updated balance of
the group annuity account to the individual retirement account; and
transfer a percentage of the calculated protected value of the
group annuity plan contract to the individual retirement account
contract, the percentage of the calculated protected value
transferred being equal to all or a portion of the percentage of
the updated balance of the group annuity account transferred to the
individual retirement account so that a beneficiary is guaranteed
to periodically receive, for the life of the individual, an amount
of money from the individual retirement account based on the
percentage of the calculated protected value transferred to the
individual retirement account contract regardless of market
performance of the individual retirement account.
32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31,
wherein the initial deposit into the group annuity account
comprises a pre-tax deduction from wages paid by an employer to the
individual.
33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31,
wherein the money received by the beneficiary is either due to
withdrawal from the individual retirement account or due to benefit
payments made to the beneficiary from the individual retirement
account.
34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31,
wherein the calculated protected value is at least equal to the
initial deposit into the group annuity account growing at the
specified minimum positive growth rate for at least a defined
period of time or until one or more defined events occur, whichever
is sooner.
35. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31,
wherein the specified minimum positive growth rate is a fixed rate
between four percent and six percent.
36. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31,
wherein the specified minimum positive growth rate is based on a
consumer price index.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/270,860
filed Apr. 14, 2006, which Claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/703,630 filed Jul. 29, 2005.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to financial instruments and more
particularly to a financial instrument providing a portable
guarantee.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are numerous financial instruments available on the market
and people invest in them for a variety of reasons. Some investors
are interested in obtaining high rates of return on their
investments, while others are willing to forego high rates of
return in exchange for a reduced level of financial risk. Some
investors are interested in obtaining a steady income stream for a
period of years or possibly for life. When making decisions
regarding the selection of a financial instrument, there are
multiple tradeoffs. Typically, the lower the risk is, the lower the
expected rate of return will be.
In addition to risk and return, there are numerous tax consequences
that may be considered in selecting a financial instrument. For
example, tax-deferred investments are typically preferred.
Tax-deferred investments are investments that satisfy one or more
regulatory requirements that allow for contributions to the
investment with pre-tax dollars and/or that allow the investment to
grow tax-free for a period of time. Tax-deferred investments may be
included within, for example, 401(a), 401(k), 403(b), and 457
employee retirement plans, qualified or non-qualified annuities,
and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Some typical employee
retirement plans and IRAs allow investors to choose among a variety
of investments and to move funds between these chosen
investments.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one embodiment of the invention, a financial
instrument includes a first tax-deferred account and first, second,
and third guarantees. The first tax-deferred account has an account
balance that changes over time, wherein at least part of the
account balance is based on an initial deposit into the first
tax-deferred account comprising a pre-tax deduction from wages paid
by an employer to an employee. The first guarantee is a guarantee
of a first protected value, the first protected value comprising at
least an amount based upon the initial deposit growing at a minimum
positive growth rate for at least a defined period of time or until
one or more defined events occur, whichever is sooner. The second
guarantee is a guarantee that a beneficiary may periodically
receive a transfer of an amount of money for the life of the
employee, wherein the amount comprises a percentage of the first
protected value at the time of a first particular event, wherein
the percentage of the first protected value is fixed at the time of
a second particular event, and wherein the transfer may be due to
withdrawal from the first tax-deferred account or due to benefit
payments made to the beneficiary, provided that the amount may vary
based upon withdrawals from the first tax-deferred account in
excess of a first particular limit. The third guarantee is a
guarantee that the first protected value may be transferred with
the first tax-deferred account to a separate financial instrument
including a second tax-deferred account and fourth and fifth
guarantees. The second tax-deferred account has an account balance
that changes over time, wherein at least part of the account
balance is based on a transfer from the first tax-deferred account.
The fourth guarantee is a guarantee of a second protected value,
the second protected value comprising at least an amount based upon
the first protected value. The fifth guarantee is a guarantee that
a beneficiary may periodically receive a transfer of an amount of
money for the life of the employee, wherein the amount comprises a
percentage of the second protected value at the time of a
particular event, and wherein the transfer may be due to withdrawal
from the second tax-deferred account or due to benefit payments
made to the beneficiary.
Certain embodiments of the present invention may provide various
technical advantages. For example, the invention may allow an
account holder to maintain liquidity in an account while at the
same time receiving a guarantee of lifetime income and a guaranteed
growth rate. Certain embodiments may also allow an account holder
to receive the potentially higher rates of return associated with
variable investments while at the same time avoiding the associated
risk of loss by obtaining a guaranteed growth rate. Certain
embodiments of the present invention may provide for the
portability of one or more features of an investment between
different financial instruments.
Certain embodiments may allow an issuer to diversify risks
associated with issuing numerous financial instruments. Certain
embodiments may provide for improved customization for a customer
purchasing a financial instrument. Certain embodiments may allow a
customer to purchase a financial instrument having one or more
guarantees on a first date and then add one or more additional
guarantees at a later date. Certain embodiments may provide one or
more of these advantages for both an account holder and their
spouse. Certain embodiments may provide one or more of these
advantages in a tax-deferred investment.
Other technical advantages of the present invention will be readily
apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures,
descriptions, and claims. Moreover, while specific advantages have
been enumerated above, various embodiments may include all, some,
or none of the enumerated advantages.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its
advantages, reference is now made to the following description,
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a system for providing a financial instrument
according to a particular embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a financial instrument according to a particular
embodiment;
FIGS. 3A and 3B provide a flowchart illustrating the operation of a
financial instrument according to a particular embodiment;
FIG. 4 illustrates an example financial transfer according to a
particular embodiment;
FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an example data processing system for
providing a financial instrument according to a particular
embodiment; and
FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a general purpose computer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
It should be understood at the outset that although example
implementations of embodiments of the invention are illustrated
below, the present invention may be implemented using any number of
techniques, whether currently known or not. The present invention
should in no way be limited to the example implementations,
drawings, and techniques illustrated below. Additionally, the
drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system 10 for providing financial instrument
100 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
System 10 may interact with customer 110 and issuer 120; and system
10 may utilize account 130 and protected value 140. Financial
instrument 100 may represent a contract between customer 110 and
issuer 120. Financial instrument 100 may include certain provisions
as described below in relation to FIG. 2.
According to certain embodiments, system 10 may be utilized to
provide financial instrument 100 to customer 110, such that
customer 110 may make a deposit and retain liquidity, while also
receiving the benefit of a guarantee of lifetime payments and/or
the security associated with a guaranteed growth rate. According to
certain embodiments, system 10 may be utilized to provide financial
instrument 100 to customer 110, such that one or more features
associated with financial instrument 100 may be portable.
Customer 110 may broadly refer to one or more of an account holder
112, a beneficiary 114, a designated party 116, and/or one who
purchases financial instrument 100 for another person or entity. In
certain embodiments, account holder 112 may represent a party who
purchases financial instrument 100 and/or who is attributed as
being an owner of account 130. In certain embodiments, account
holder 112 may have one or more ownership rights in account 130.
For example, account holder 112 may have the right to terminate
financial instrument 100, to make investment decisions for account
130, to identify one or more beneficiaries 114, to identify one or
more designated parties 116, and/or to make deposits into account
130. In a particular embodiment, account holder 112 may be the
entity or entities who have tax liability for the transactions
related to account 130.
In certain embodiments, beneficiary 114 may represent a party who
may receive payments and/or make withdrawals in accordance with the
terms of financial instrument 100. In certain embodiments,
designated party 116 may represent an individual, group of
individuals, and/or other entity that may be designated for
purposes of determining death benefits, lifetime payments, fees,
guaranteed rates, and/or other features of financial instrument
100. For example, guaranteed rates and/or fees may be determined
based upon the age, gender, and/or health of designated party 116.
As another example, death benefit provisions may be based upon the
death of designated party 116.
In certain embodiments, one or more of account holder 112,
beneficiary 114, and designated party 116 may be the same party. In
certain embodiments, financial instrument 100 may be purchased by
account holder 112 for the benefit of beneficiary 114, with
designated party 116 being the designated life for the guarantee of
lifetime payments.
In certain embodiments, one or more of account holder 112,
beneficiary 114, and designated party 116 may be related. For
example, designated party 116 and beneficiary 114 may be related as
husband and wife. As another example, account holder 112 may be an
employer and an employee may be both beneficiary 114 and designated
party 116. Alternatively, account holder 112 and beneficiary 114
may be the same individual or entity. In some embodiments, an
employer might purchase account 130 for account holder 112. Also,
financial instrument 100 may have multiple account holders 112,
beneficiaries 114, and/or designated parties 116. For example, a
husband and a wife may both be beneficiaries 114 and designated
parties 116. As another example, two or more business partners
could be designated parties 116. While this patent describes
various actions, benefits, steps, etc. in relation to a customer
110, account holder 112, beneficiary 114, and/or designated party
116, those descriptions should not be construed as limiting because
financial instrument 100 might provide for various persons to
exercise control, take various actions, receive certain benefits,
and/or affect certain features with regard to financial instrument
100.
Issuer 120 may represent an entity that provides and/or sells
financial instrument 100 to customer 110. Issuer 120 may represent
a bank, an insurance company, mutual fund company, or other
business entity engaged in the sale of one or more financial
instruments. Issuer 120 may also represent multiple entities that
operate together to provide or sell financial instrument 100.
Account 130 may represent a principal balance including amounts
deposited by customer 110 (and/or transferred from a separate
account) together with accrued growth due to a return on one or
more investments. The value of account 130 may be distributed among
one or more investments 132. Investment 132 may provide a fixed or
variable return, and the value of account 130 may be distributed
among any combination of investments 132, such as municipal bonds,
bond funds, money market accounts, corporate securities, index
funds, mutual funds, real estate investment trusts, or any other
appropriate type of investments. In certain embodiments, account
130 may include one or more investments 132 associated with
multiple financial entities. In certain embodiments, the value of
account 130 may be withdrawn in whole or in part at the discretion
of customer 110. In various embodiments, issuer 120 may restrict
the investments 132 available to customer 110 or allow customer 110
to accept certain limitations in exchange for other benefits.
Account 130 may or may not be associated with issuer 120. In some
embodiments, a third party administering account 130 may contract
with issuer 120 to provide the guarantees. An insurance company,
for example, might provide the guarantees for mutual fund accounts
administered by a third party or for other types of financial
accounts.
In certain embodiments, where appropriate regulatory requirements
are met, account 130 may represent a tax-deferred account. In
embodiments where account 130 represents a tax-deferred account,
customer 110 may make one or more deposits into account 130 using
pre-tax funds and/or account 130 may be permitted to grow tax-free
for a period of time. As used herein, the term "tax" may refer to
one or more taxes levied by a federal, state, and/or any other
appropriate taxing authority.
Protected value 140 represents a value all or a portion of which
issuer 120 guarantees that beneficiary 114 will be able to receive.
Protected value 140 may be based upon the value of account 130 at
some point in time. In some embodiments, although account 130 may
decrease due to market fluctuations, protected value 140 does not,
thus providing a guaranteed rate of return regardless of market
performance. In certain embodiments, protected value 140 may be
based upon a deposit and the deposit may include an account balance
from an existing contract. Thus, in some embodiments, the
guarantees described herein may be added to existing financial
instruments after the passage of time. In certain embodiments,
protected value 140 may be based upon a substantially similar value
from a separate financial instrument.
In certain embodiments, the amount and/or the guaranteed percentage
of protected value 140 may vary based on certain characteristics of
customer 110. For example, the guaranteed percentage of protected
value 140 (or protected value 140 itself) may vary based upon the
gender, age, and/or health status of one or more of account holder
112, beneficiary 114, and designated party 116. In certain
embodiments, the amount and/or the guaranteed percentage of
protected value 140 may vary depending upon whether and to what
extent customer 110 accepts certain limitations on flexibility
and/or control over account 130 and/or distributions therefrom. In
certain embodiments, the amount and/or the guaranteed percentage of
protected value 140 may vary depending on the timing of one or more
events.
In certain embodiments, protected value 140 may be calculated at
the time that financial instrument 100 is purchased, and in other
embodiments protected value 140 may be calculated at the end of a
certain period of time, upon the happening of a triggering event,
or on a periodic basis. In some embodiments, protected value 140
may be based upon a combination of factors and calculated at
different times. Depending upon the embodiment, protected value 140
may become fixed at some point in time. For example, protected
value 140 may become fixed at the time of the first discretionary
withdrawal from account 130 by customer 110. In certain
embodiments, protected value 140 may become fixed at the time that
one or more deposits are made into account 130. In certain
embodiments, protected value 140 may become fixed upon an election
by customer 110.
Numerous methods may be used to fix protected value 140 at some
point in time. For example, protected value 140 may be calculated
as equal to the value of account 130 at the time of the first
withdrawal by customer 110. Alternatively, protected value 140 may
be calculated as the highest value of account 130 at one or more
specified times or at any time. For example, protected value 140
may be calculated as the highest value of account 130 on each of
the first ten anniversary dates, where the anniversary date may be
an anniversary of the purchase date of financial instrument 100, a
birthday of customer 110, a wedding date for customer 110, or a
date specified by customer 110. In embodiments where a calculation
is based on an anniversary date, when the anniversary date falls on
a weekend, holiday, or other non-business day, the calculation may
be based on the immediately preceding business day (or,
alternatively, on the next business day).
In embodiments in which the calculation of protected value 140 (or
any other feature of financial instrument 100) is based on a
birthday of customer 110, a wedding date for customer 110, or a
date specified by customer 110, financial instrument 100 may
advantageously provide enhanced customization by customer 110 and
may reduce the number of critical dates that customer 110 may need
to consider. In addition, through the use of one of these dates,
issuer 120 may diversify the risk and reduce any seasonal overhead
cost associated with issuing numerous financial instruments 100,
all having identical issuing dates (as may occur if a critical date
is associated with a calendar year, a fiscal year, or the
initiation of a group plan for a large number of employees on the
same date).
In certain embodiments, protected value may be calculated as the
greater of multiple calculation methods. For example, protected
value 140 may be calculated as the value of account 130 on the date
of first withdrawal or the highest value of account 130 on the
first ten anniversary dates, but in no event less than the initial
value of account 130 growing at a five percent growth rate for the
first ten years. As another example, protected value 140 may be
calculated as the value of account 130 on the date of first
withdrawal, or the highest value of account 130 on each anniversary
of the birthday of account holder 112 between the date that
financial instrument 100 was purchased and the date of the first
withdrawal, but in no event less than the initial value of account
130 growing at a five percent growth rate until earliest of the
business day prior to the first withdrawal or the date that account
holder 112 turns seventy. In certain embodiments, the growth rate
utilized in these examples may alternatively be three percent, four
percent, six-percent, or based on an index.
In certain embodiments, protected value 140 may be calculated based
upon the value of account 130 prior to the inclusion of any
bonuses. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, protected value 140
may be calculated based upon the value of account value 130 with
additional bonuses (or other incentives) added. For example, issuer
120 may pay a bonus to entice customers to purchase the guarantees
discussed herein. The invention may include any method of
determining protected value 140.
In certain embodiments, the amount and/or the guaranteed percentage
of protected value 140 may change after it has been initially
determined. As one example, the amount and/or guaranteed percentage
of protected value 140 may change based upon changes in the law. As
another example, the amount and/or guaranteed percentage of
protected value 140 may change based upon an inflationary index,
interest rate, or exchange rate. As yet another example, the amount
and/or guaranteed percentage of protected value 140 may change
based upon changes in the health or age of customer 110.
In certain embodiments, customer 110 may be allowed to step-up
protected value 140 at specified times or at any time. For example,
following an election to step-up protected value 140, protected
value 140 may be set as equal to the current value of account 130.
In a particular embodiment, customer 110 may elect to step-up
protected value 140 at any time after the fifth anniversary of the
first withdrawal, with additional step-ups being available five
years after the date of the previous step-up election. A step-up in
protected value 140 may require further deposits to account
130.
In certain embodiments, protected value 140 may be automatically
stepped-up on a periodic basis or upon the happening of particular
events. For example, an automatic step-up of protected value 140
may occur on a monthly, quarterly, or yearly basis. In a particular
embodiment, a step-up to protected value 140 may automatically
occur on an annual basis after the first withdrawal, with protected
value 140 being set as equal to the greatest of the value of
financial account 130 on the previous quarterly anniversaries if
that amount is greater than the current protected value 140. In
alternative embodiments, monthly, bi-monthly, semi-annual, or any
other appropriate anniversary may be used and automatic step-ups
may occur on a semi-annual, quarterly, monthly, or any other
appropriate basis.
In certain embodiments, customer 110 may be allowed to step-up
protected value 140 or protected value 140 may be automatically
stepped-up on an annual basis associated with an anniversary date.
In certain embodiments, the anniversary date may be an anniversary
of the purchase date of financial instrument 100, a birthday of
customer 110, a wedding date for customer 110, or a date specified
by customer 110. In these embodiments, when the anniversary falls
on a weekend, holiday, or other non-business day, protected value
140 may be stepped-up on the immediately preceding business day
(or, alternatively, on the next business day).
In certain embodiments, rather than setting protected value 140 as
equal to the value of account 130 on a certain anniversary,
protected value may be set as a percentage of such a value, as a
certain value appreciated at a specified growth rate, or as any
other appropriate value. In certain embodiments, the step-up value
for protected value 140 may take into consideration any additional
purchase payments and adjustments to these purchase payments.
In certain embodiments, certain provisions of financial instrument
100 may be managed through the use of annual income amount 142. For
example, a guarantee of lifetime payments may be managed by
calculating annual income amount 142 and evaluating discretionary
withdrawals in relation to annual income amount 142. For example if
the cumulative withdrawals for a certain year exceed annual income
amount 142, then annual income amount 142 may be reduced
accordingly for future years. Further explanation of the operation
of a certain embodiment with respect to protected value 140 and
annual income amount 142 is included below in relation to FIGS. 3A
and 3B.
In the operation of certain embodiments, customer 110 may purchase
financial instrument 100 from issuer 120 (or an agent thereof). In
some cases, the purchase may occur electronically. Issuer 120 may
then create account 130 and associate one or more deposits made by
customer 110 with account 130. In certain embodiments, customer 110
may make investment choices regarding the allocation of funds
associated with account 130. Protected value 140 may be calculated
using one or more specified calculation methods.
In some embodiments, following the purchase of financial instrument
100, customer 110 may make additional deposits to and/or
discretionary withdrawals from account 130. Withdrawals from
account 130 may or may not be required or allowed based upon the
terms of financial instrument 100. The timing of withdrawals may or
may not be regulated by financial instrument 100. In certain
embodiments, withdrawals can be taken as separate partial
withdrawals or as systematic withdrawals. For example, withdrawals
may be automated and may be set up on a periodic basis, with the
period being yearly, quarterly, monthly, etc.
Although financial instrument 100 has been described as being
purchased directly from issuer 120 in certain embodiments,
financial instrument 100 may be purchased through one or more
intermediaries.
FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of financial instrument
100. In the embodiment shown, financial instrument 100 includes
investment contract 102, lifetime payment guarantee 104, growth
rate guarantee 106, portability guarantee 107, continuation
guarantee 108, and death benefit 109. Investment contract 102 may
represent a contract for a broad range of investment products. For
example, investment contract may represent an individual or group
annuity, mutual fund contract, individual retirement account
contract, and/or an employee retirement plan contract, such as a
401(a) contract, a 401(k) contract, a 403(b) contract, and/or a 457
contract. In a particular embodiment, investment contract 102 may
represent a discretionary group variable annuity contract.
In addition to the basic terms of investment contract 102,
financial instrument 100 may include additional provisions
including lifetime payment guarantee 104, growth rate guarantee
106, portability guarantee 107, continuation guarantee 108, and
death benefit 109. Although investment contract 102, lifetime
payment guarantee 104, growth rate guarantee 106, portability
guarantee 107, continuation guarantee 108, and death benefit 109
are shown as separate elements, one or more of these elements may
be combined, and each of these elements may also include numerous
components.
In certain embodiments, different elements of financial instrument
100 may be purchased or elected at different times. For example,
investment contract 102 may be purchased in year one, and lifetime
payment guarantee 104 and growth rate guarantee 106 may be
purchased or elected in year one or at anytime thereafter. In
certain embodiments, the scope or provisions of one or more of
lifetime payment guarantee 104, growth rate guarantee 106,
portability guarantee 107, continuation guarantee 108, and death
benefit 109 may be modified after the purchase of investment
contract 102. For example, investment contract 102 may be purchased
with lifetime payment guarantee 104, such that issuer 120
guarantees that beneficiary 114 will receive payments for the life
of designated party 116, with designated party 116 and beneficiary
114 being the same individual. Then, according to this example, at
a later date, an election may be made to expand the scope of
lifetime payment guarantee 104, such that issuer 120 guarantees
that beneficiary 114 will receive payments for the life of
designated party 114, with designated party 116 and beneficiary 114
being both the individual and the spouse of the individual.
In certain embodiments, lifetime payment guarantee 104 may include
provisions guaranteeing that beneficiary 114 may receive financial
transfers for life, beginning at or after a specified triggering
event. For example, in certain embodiments, these financial
transfers may be due to discretionary withdrawals and/or payments.
In certain embodiments, the amount of (and/or a limit for) these
financial transfers may be fixed or variable. For example, the
amount of (and/or a limit for) these financial transfers may be
determined based upon the age, gender, health status, and/or other
morbidity factors for one or more individuals. As another example,
the amount of (and/or a limit for) these financial transfers may be
independent of such factors. In certain embodiments, the amount of
(and/or the limit for) these financial transfers may change after a
period of time according to a set schedule, changes in an external
index, and/or any appropriate factor.
In certain embodiments, the amount of (and/or a limit for) these
financial transfers may be determined based upon specified
percentages of protected value 140. For example, the amount of
(and/or a limit for) these financial transfers may be set at a
first percentage for a certain period and then change to second
percentage for another period. In certain embodiments, these
percentages may be fixed upon the effective date of lifetime
payment guarantee 104, upon the date of a first financial transfer,
or upon any other appropriate date. In certain embodiments, the
amount of (and/or a limit for) these financial transfers may vary
based on the age of customer 110 on the date of a first financial
transfer.
For example, in a particular embodiment, the amount of (and/or a
limit for) these financial transfers may be a first percentage of
protected value 140 per year when the date of the first financial
transfer is prior to the date customer 110 turns a threshold age
and may be a second percentage of protected value 140 per year when
the date of the first financial transfer is on or after the date
that customer 110 turns the threshold age. In a particular
embodiment, the threshold age may be sixty-five, the first
percentage may be four percent, and the second percentage may be
five percent, although any percentage and any threshold may be
used. In an alternative embodiment, multiple threshold ages may be
establish to distinguish between three or more amounts of (and/or
limits for) these financial transfers.
In certain embodiments, lifetime payment guarantee 104 may
guarantee that beneficiary 114 will receive no less than annual
income amount 142 each year for the life of designated party 116,
beginning with an event. In certain embodiments, annual income
amount 142 may be four percent, five percent, or six percent of
protected value 140, but any percentage of any measured amount
could be used. In certain embodiments, each measuring year for
annual income amount 142 may be determined based on an anniversary
date, where the anniversary date may be an anniversary of the
purchase date of financial instrument 100, a birthday of customer
110, a wedding date for customer 110, or a date specified by
customer 110. In certain embodiments, protected value 140 may be
adjusted upwards or downwards based on certain events. For example,
protected value 140 may be increased by additional deposits and may
be decreased by cumulative withdrawals in a single year that exceed
annual income amount 142.
In certain embodiments, growth rate guarantee 106 may include
provisions allowing customer 110 to make withdrawals from account
130 based upon deposits made by customer 110. The provisions may
further provide that the withdrawals may be made from a value that
is guaranteed to grow at a specified fixed or variable rate for a
specified period of time. For example, growth rate guarantee 106
may allow beneficiary 114 to make withdrawals from protected value
140, with protected value 140 guaranteed to be no less than the
value of customer deposits growing at a fixed five percent per year
for ten years from the date of the first deposit or until the date
of the first withdrawal, whichever is sooner.
In certain embodiments, the specified rate for growth rate
guarantee 106 may be any positive fixed value. In certain
embodiments, the specified rate for growth rate guarantee 106 may
be zero or a fixed negative value. In embodiments where the
specified rate is zero or a fixed negative value, the beneficial
aspects of growth rate guarantee 106 may include a reduction in
risk for customer 110. In certain embodiments, the specified rate
may be based on one or more variable indices. For example, the
specified rate may be based on the Consumer Price Index, a stock
market index, and/or the Federal Reserve's discount rate.
In certain embodiments, the specified rate may vary depending on
the timing of deposits, the size of deposits, and/or the value of
investments 132. For example, different rates may apply to
different deposits or the overall rate may be calculated based on
the rates in effect at the time that deposits are made, weighted
based on the relative size (or actual size) of the deposits. In
certain embodiments, the specified rate may vary based on
characteristics of account holder 112, beneficiary 114, and/or
designated party 116. For example, the specified rate may vary
depending on the gender, age, or health status of designated party
116.
In certain embodiments, the guaranteed growth may be set at a first
rate for a specified period of time, or until a specified event
occurs, and then change to a second rate. For example, the
guaranteed growth rate may be zero for the first two years and then
may change to a fixed five percent growth rate for the next eight
years. In certain embodiments, the growth rate may change numerous
times, with the changes occurring based upon specified periods of
time and/or upon the occurrence of specified events.
In certain embodiments, portability guarantee 107 may include
provisions allowing customer 110 to transfer all or a portion of
account 130 to a separate financial instrument together with one or
more features of financial instrument 100. For example, in certain
embodiments, portability guarantee 107 may include provisions
guaranteeing that issuer 120 will make available to customer 110 a
financial instrument substantially similar to financial instrument
100 such that if customer 110 transfers all or a portion of account
130 to the separate financial instrument, then all or a portion of
protected value 140 or annual income amount 142 may be retained by
customer 110 under the separate financial instrument. Additional
details for certain embodiments of portability guarantee 107 are
provided below in relation to FIG. 4.
In certain embodiments, continuation guarantee 108 may include
provisions allowing one or more features of a separate financial
instrument to be transferred to financial instrument 100 together
with a financial transfer from the separate financial instrument
into account 130. For example, in a particular embodiment, one or
more of protected value 140 and annual income amount 142 may be set
as equal to all or a portion of a substantially similar value
associated with the separate financial instrument. Additional
details for certain embodiments of continuation guarantee 108 are
provided below in relation to FIG. 4.
In embodiments of financial instrument 100 including death benefit
109, death benefit 109 may include provisions allowing for payments
to be made to a recipient designated by account holder 112 and/or
beneficiary 114, upon the death of designated party 116. For
example, payments made under death benefit 109 may be made to
beneficiary 114 upon the death of designated party 116, where
designated party 116 is account holder 112. As another example,
payments made under death benefit 109 may be made to an identified
third party beneficiary upon the death of designated party 116 or
beneficiary 114. Death benefit 109 may provide for payment of an
amount based upon the value of account 130, protected value 140, or
some other value identified in death benefit 109. For example,
death benefit 109 may provide for payment in the amount of the
value of account 130 at the time of death. As another example,
death benefit 109 may provide for payment in the amount of the
highest value of account 130 on any anniversary of the effective
date of financial instrument 100. In certain embodiments, death
benefit 109 may provide for payment in the amount of the highest of
multiple calculation methods. Although death benefit 109 has been
illustrated and described as a separate element of financial
instrument 100, death benefit 109 may be formed from multiple
components and/or may be included as part of another element of
financial instrument 100.
In certain embodiments, financial instrument 100 may provide for an
option allowing customer 110 to elect to receive the present value
of future guaranteed payments. For example, in embodiments where
the charge for lifetime payment guarantee 104 is an up-front
charge, financial instrument 100 may allow for customer 110 to
cancel lifetime payment guarantee 104 and receive a payment (or
credit to account 130) calculated based upon the present value of
the guarantee. In these embodiments, the calculation may or may not
include an underwriting assessment of the life expectancy of
customer 110.
As indicated above, in certain embodiments, financial instrument
100 may provide for multiple beneficiaries 114 and financial
instrument 100 may provide for various persons to exercise control.
For example, financial instrument 100 may provide that both a
husband and a wife are beneficiaries 114 and designated parties
116. Financial instrument 100 may further provide that the husband
may make discretionary withdrawals from account 130 and, if the
husband predeceases the wife, that the wife may make discretionary
withdrawals from account 130 after the husband's death.
Additionally, financial instrument 100 may further provide that if
account value 130 reaches zero during the husband's life, then the
husband may receive periodic payments for life and then, upon his
death, the wife may receive periodic payments for her life. In
certain embodiments, financial instrument 100 may include similar
provisions for business partners or other arrangements involving
multiple beneficiaries 114 and/or designated parties 116.
The costs associated with each element of financial instrument 100
may be assessed together or as separate charges, and the charges
may be assessed in different ways. For example, the costs may be
assessed as up-front charges, as asset charges, or as charges
against withdrawals or payments. In certain embodiments, the costs
may be charged periodically and/or may vary over time. For example,
there may be no charge for a period of time and/or the charge may
increase or decrease over time depending on a variety of factors.
In certain embodiments, the costs may be charged in a manner such
that the charge is assessed pro-rata over multiple investments or
accounts 130, according to an election by customer 110, and/or such
that the tax consequences of the charge are substantially
minimized. In a particular embodiment, the charge for each element
is assessed as a daily asset charge against the value of account
130. For example, the charge assessed for lifetime payment
guarantee 104 and growth rate guarantee 106 may be an eighty-five
basis point charge (0.85 percent per year) assessed against the
daily balance of account 130. In embodiments in which both a
husband and a wife are beneficiaries 114 and designated parties
116, the charge assessed for lifetime payment guarantee 104 and
growth rate guarantee 106 may be a 135 basis point charge (1.35
percent per year) assessed against the daily balance of account
130. In certain embodiments, financial instrument 100 may allow
customer 100 to purchase financial instrument 100 and then defer
the decision as to whether to include both husband and wife as
beneficiaries 114 and/or designated parties 116 until a later date.
In a particular embodiment, financial instrument 100 may allow
customer 110 to wait until the time of a first withdrawal from
account 130 to decide whether to include both a husband and a wife
as beneficiaries 114 and designated parties 116. In these
particular embodiments, the charge assessed for lifetime payment
guarantee 104 and growth rate guarantee 106 may be an eighty-five
basis point charge (0.85 percent per year) assessed against the
daily balance of account 130 during the accrual phase and a 135
basis point charge (1.35 percent per year) assessed against the
daily balance of account 130 during the distribution phase. As yet
another example, the charge assessed for death benefit 109 may be a
140 basis point charge (1.40 percent per year) assessed against the
daily balance of account 130.
In certain embodiments, one or more features of financial
instrument 100 may be dependent upon an age of customer 110. For
example, in certain embodiments, customer 110 may not be eligible
to purchase and/or utilize certain features of financial instrument
100 before customer 100 attains a specified age. In a particular
embodiment, customer 110 may not be eligible for one or more
guarantees prior to attaining the age of fifty. In particular
embodiments, where customer 110 represents multiple individuals,
the age utilized to determine eligibility may be the age of the
youngest individual. For example, if designated party 116 includes
both a husband and a wife, then one or more guarantees may not be
available until both the husband and the wife attain the age of
fifty.
FIGS. 3A and 3B provide flowchart 200 which illustrates the
operation of financial instrument 100 according to a particular
embodiment. Flowchart 200 traces a few of the possible scenarios
that are available to customer 110 following the purchase of an
embodiment of financial instrument 100. Flowchart 200 is intended
to demonstrate an embodiment of financial instrument 100 in which
certain features of financial instrument 100 are paid for on a
daily basis through the use of a daily fee assessment, assessed on
a daily basis against the value of account 130. Accordingly,
although in certain embodiments more than one of the elected
actions identified in flowchart 200 may be taken on the same day,
flowchart 200 assumes that only one elected action will be taken
for any given day.
According to flowchart 200, at step 201, customer 110 may make one
or more initial deposits and purchase financial instrument 100,
including lifetime payment guarantee 104 and growth rate guarantee
106. At step 202, account 130 is created. Customer 110 may
designate investment allocations for account 130, one or more
beneficiaries 114, and/or one or more designated parties 116, at
step 203. If additional deposits are made by customer 110, at step
204, then the value of account 130 is increased by the amount of
the additional deposits, at step 212. In some cases, a fee may be
deducted from the additional deposits. If an elected withdrawal is
taken at step 206, then the value of account 130 is decreased by
the amount of the withdrawal and the cumulative yearly withdrawal
is calculated at step 208. If the withdrawal is the first
withdrawal taken in relation to financial instrument 100, at step
210, then protected value 140 and annual income amount are
calculated at step 220. Similarly, if additional deposits are made
by customer 110 at step 204 and the first withdrawal has already
been taken at step 214, then protected value 140 and annual income
amount 142 are calculated at step 220. In some embodiments, the
additional deposits may not change some or all of these values. If
the withdrawal is not the first withdrawal taken in relation to
financial instrument 100, at step 210, then protected value 140 is
decreased by the amount of the withdrawal at step 216. If the
cumulative yearly withdrawal exceeds annual income amount 142, at
step 218, then protected value 140 and annual income amount 142 are
recalculated at step 222. These and other calculations are
discussed in more detail below.
If the value of account 130 is equal to zero, at step 230, then
there may be multiple possible alternative outcomes. If the value
of account 130 is equal to zero at step 230 and cumulative yearly
withdrawals are less than or equal to annual income amount 142 at
step 231, then lifetime benefit payments may be made to customer
110 in an amount equivalent to annual income amount 142, at step
232. If the value of account 130 is equal to zero at step 230 and
cumulative yearly withdrawals are greater than annual income amount
142, then financial instrument 100 may be terminated in accordance
with the provisions of financial instrument 100, at step 236.
If financial instrument 100 includes death benefit 109 and if
customer 110 dies, at step 240, then payments are made pursuant to
the provisions of death benefit 109, at step 242. If customer 110
elects to terminate one or more provisions of financial instrument
100, at step 250, then those provisions are terminated in
accordance with the terms of financial instrument 100, at step
252.
If a step-up for protected value 140 is available at step 260 and
if customer 110 elects a step-up for protected value 140 at step
262, then protected value 140 is set as equal to the current value
of account 130 and annual income amount 142 and annual withdrawal
amount 144 are updated, at step 264. In some embodiments, step 262
may be omitted and the step-up may be automatic. Account 130 may be
updated to reflect daily changes in investments 132 and daily fees
may be assessed against account 130, at step 270.
The calculations identified in flowchart 200 are dependent upon the
particular features of financial instrument 100. Included below are
example calculations for particular embodiments of financial
instrument 100. In the example calculations described below,
financial instrument 100 is treated as including investment
contract 102, lifetime payment guarantee 104, and growth rate
guarantee 106. For the purpose of these calculations growth rate
guarantee 106 is treated as a guarantee of a five percent growth
rate for the first ten years, and lifetime payment guarantee 104 is
treated as a guarantee of five percent payments for life. Unless
otherwise indicated, it will be assumed that financial instrument
100 was purchased with an initial deposit and no additional
deposits have been made. Also, unless indicated otherwise, all
interest is assumed to be compounded daily.
Each time that a withdrawal is made, the value of account 130 may
be reduced by the amount of the withdrawal. In one embodiment, on
the date of the first withdrawal, protected value 140 may be set at
the greater of the current value of account 130 or the initial
value of account 130 growing at five percent per year compounded.
Using these assumptions, on the date of the first withdrawal,
annual income amount 142 may be set at five percent of protected
value 140 at the time that protected value 140 is initially
determined. In particular embodiments, the percentage and/or method
of determining annual income amount 142 may vary.
For example, suppose an initial deposit of $100,000 is made on Apr.
1, 2005. The first withdrawal takes place on Feb. 1, 2006 when the
value of account 130 is equal to $102,500. Protected value 140
would initially be calculated as the greater of $102,500 or
$104,175.16. $100,000.times.(1.05).sup.(306/365)=$104,175 Thus,
protected value 140 would be $104,175. After the initial protected
value 140 is calculated, the withdrawal amount may be subtracted
from account 130 and protected value 140. Accordingly, based on the
assumptions above, annual income amount 142 would initially be
$5,208.75. $104,175.times.0.05=$5,208.75 If the cumulative
withdrawals in a given year exceed annual income amount 142,
protected value 140 and annual income amount 142 are recalculated.
Suppose that the current value of account 130 is $55,000 and annual
income amount 142 is $5,000. The first withdrawal during the
applicable year is $7,000, which is $2,000 greater than annual
income amount 142. The first step in the calculation would be to
subtract annual income amount 142 from the current value of account
130. Thus, the value of account 130 would be reduced to $50,000.
($55,000-$5,000=$50,000) The next step is to calculate the new
annual income amount 142. Annual income amount 142 would decrease
according to the percentage of the excess amount to the value of
account 130 prior to the excess being deducted. Thus, annual income
amount 142 would drop to $4,800 for subsequent years.
(1-($2,000/$50,000)).times.$5,000=$4,800 The excess withdrawal
amount would then be subtracted from the value of account 130.
Thus, after the withdrawal, the value of account 130 would be
$48,000. Protected value 140 would similarly be reduced by the
amount of the $7,000 withdrawal.
In certain embodiments, withdrawals that reduce the value of
account 130 below a specified minimum amount will not be allowed if
they are greater than the annual income amount. In certain
embodiments, provisions in financial instrument 100 may allow for
exceptions to accommodate certain provisions of the tax code. For
example, if financial instrument 100 is subject to required minimum
distributions under the tax code, then financial instrument 100 may
provide that required withdrawals will not reduce annual income
amount 142.
Each time that an additional deposit is made, the value of account
130 may be increased by the amount of the deposit. If a withdrawal
has been made prior to the additional deposit, then protected value
140 may also be increased by the amount of the additional deposit
and annual income amount 142 may be increased by five percent of
the additional deposit. For example, suppose protected value 140 is
$50,000 and annual income amount is $5,000. If customer 110 makes
an additional deposit of $42,400, then protected value 140 would
increase to $92,400. $50,000+$42,400=$92,400 Annual income amount
142 would increase to $7,120. ($42,400.times.0.05)+$5,000=$7,120
Again, the percentages may vary and the ability to make deposits
may be controlled.
If financial instrument 100 provides for step-ups to protected
value 140, during periods when step-ups are allowed customer 110
may elect to step-up protected value 140 to equal the value of
account 130 (or some proportional amount). In some cases, the
step-up may be automatic. If such a step-up is elected, annual
income amount 142 may be set at the greater of its current value or
five percent of the new protected value 140. For example, suppose
the value of account 130 is $80,000, protected value 140 is $60,000
and annual income amount 142 is $3,500. If a step-up is elected,
protected value 140 would be set at $80,000, and annual income
amount 142 would be set at $4,000. ($80,000.times.0.05=$4,000).
FIG. 4 illustrates an example financial transfer 300 according to a
particular embodiment. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, financial
transfer 300 is directed from financial instrument 100a to
financial instrument 100b. In the embodiment shown, both financial
instrument 100a and financial instrument 100b are owned by customer
110, although in alternative embodiments, financial instrument 100b
may have a different beneficiary 114 and/or designated party 116
than financial instrument 100a. In certain embodiments, financial
instrument 100a may have a different account holder 112 than
account 100b. For example, account holder 112 for financial
instrument 100a may be both an employer and an employee and account
holder 112 for financial instrument 100b may be only the employee.
In certain embodiments, financial instruments 100a and 100b may be
issued by the same issuer. Alternatively, financial instrument 100a
may be issued by issuer 120a and financial instrument 100b may be
issued by issuer 120b.
In certain embodiments, financial transfer 300 from financial
instrument 100a to financial instrument 100b may include a transfer
of all or a portion of account 130a to account 130b. In certain
embodiments, financial transfer 300 may be associated with a
rollover of a tax-deferred investment from financial instrument
100a to financial instrument 100b. In certain embodiments, in
addition to the transfer of all or a portion of account 130a to
account 130b, all or a portion of protected value 140a or annual
income amount 142a may be transferred to protected value 140b or
annual income amount 142b.
In a particular embodiment, financial instrument 100a may include
portability guarantee 107 and issuer 120 may issue both financial
instruments 100a and 100b to customer 110. For example, pursuant to
portability guarantee 107, issuer may issue financial instrument
100b to customer 110 in response to an election by customer 110 to
transfer all or a portion of account 130a. In this example, all or
a portion of protected value 140a (and/or annual income amount
142a) may also be transferred. In certain embodiments, the
percentage of protected value 140a (and/or annual income amount
142a) transferred may be the same as the percentage of account 130a
transferred to account 130b. In alternative embodiments, the
percentage of protected value 140a (and/or annual income amount
142a) transferred may be less than the percentage of account 130a
transferred. In certain embodiments, the amount and/or the
percentage of protected value 140a (and/or annual income amount
142a) transferred may be capped at a certain limit.
In a particular embodiment, for example, financial instrument 100a
may be a traditional IRA and financial instrument 100b may be a
Roth IRA. As another example, financial instrument 100a may be a
group annuity or an employee retirement plan and financial
instrument 100b may be an IRA. In this example, if an account
holder 112 terminates employment with their employer or no longer
qualifies for the group annuity, then account holder 112 may
purchase (or otherwise initiate) financial instrument 100b and then
transfer account 130a to account 130b. All or a portion of
protected value 140a (and/or annual income amount 142a) may also be
transferred to financial instrument 100b, based on the particular
terms of financial instrument 100a and 100b. In these embodiments,
portability guarantee 107 may provide additional value and security
for customer 110 for a relatively small added cost to issuer 120.
For example, portability guarantee 107 may advantageously provide
customer 110 with additional flexibility with respect to employment
and investment decisions.
In a particular embodiment, financial instrument 100b may include
continuation guarantee 108. For example, pursuant to continuation
guarantee 108, issuer may allow customer 110a to transfer all or a
portion of account 130a to financial instrument 100b, and also
transfer all or a portion of protected value 140a (and/or annual
income amount 142a) to financial instrument 100b. As one example,
customer 110 may elect to transfer all of account 130a and,
pursuant to the provisions of financial instrument 100b, account
130b may be set as equal to the previous value of account 130a,
protected value 140b may be set as equal to the previous value of
protected value 140a, and annual income amount 142b may be set as
equal to the previous value of annual income amount 142a.
In a particular embodiment, following financial transfer 300 from
financial instrument 100a to financial instrument 100b, if the
transfer occurs prior to a first withdrawal, then all or a portion
of the account history (from the purchase of financial instrument
100a through financial transfer 300) may be maintained for use in
determining protected value 140.
For example, in a particular embodiment, if account holder 112
purchases financial instrument 100a in year one with $100,000 and
financial transfer 300 occurs in year six prior to a first
withdrawal and all of account 130a is transferred to account 130b,
then upon a first withdrawal from account 130b in year eight
protected value 140b may be calculated as the greatest of the value
of account 130b on the date of the withdrawal, the highest value of
either account 130a or account 130b on each anniversary between
year one and year eight, but in no event less than the initial
deposit of $100,000 growing at a specified growth rate from year
one to year eight. In certain embodiments, the anniversary date
used to calculate protected value 140b may be the same as the
anniversary date used to calculate 140a.
FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an example data processing system 400
for providing financial instrument 100 according to a particular
embodiment. While in certain embodiments financial instrument 100
is entered into without using a computer, other embodiments may
have a computerized option for entering into an agreement. Data
processing system 400 represents hardware and controlling logic for
providing financial instrument 100. In the embodiment shown, data
processing system 400 may include processing module 402, memory
404, and interface 406. As shown, data processing system 400 may be
included as a system controlled by issuer 120. However, in other
embodiments data processing system 400 may be external to issuer
120. Additionally, although data processing system 400 is shown as
a single system, data processing system 400 may be distributed
across multiple platforms housed in multiple locations, some or all
of which may or may not be controlled by issuer 120.
Processing module 402 may control the operation and administration
of elements within data processing system 400 by processing
information received from interface 406 and memory 404. Processing
module 402 may include any hardware and/or controlling logic
elements operable to control and process information. For example,
processing module 402 may be a computer, programmable logic device,
a microcontroller, and/or any other suitable device or group of
devices.
Memory 404 may store, either permanently or temporarily, data and
other information for processing by processing module 402 and
communication using interface 406. Memory 404 may include any one
or a combination of volatile or nonvolatile local or remote devices
suitable for storing information. For example, memory 404 may
include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM),
magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, or any other
suitable information storage device or combination of these
devices. Memory 404 may store, among other things, order data 420
and account data 430.
Interface 406 communicates information to and receives information
from devices or systems coupled to data processing system 400. For
example, interface 406 may communicate with other elements
controlled by issuer 120, network 440, and/or elements coupled to
network 440. Thus interface 406 may include any hardware and/or
controlling logic used to communicate information to and from
elements coupled to data processing system 400.
Network 440 represents communication equipment, including hardware
and any appropriate controlling logic, for interconnecting elements
coupled to network 440. Thus network 440 may represent a local area
network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area
network (WAN), and/or any other appropriate form of network.
Furthermore, elements within network 440 may utilize
circuit-switched, packet-based communication protocols and/or other
communication protocols to provide for network communications. The
elements within network 440 may be connected together via a
plurality of fiber-optic cables, coaxial cables, twisted-pair
lines, and/or other physical media for transferring communications
signals. The elements within network 440 may also be connected
together through wireless transmissions, including infrared
transmissions, 802.11 protocol transmissions, laser line-of-sight
transmissions, or any other wireless transmission method.
In operation, order data 420 may be transmitted from purchaser 410
to data processing system 400 through network 440. Data processing
system may process order data 420, generate account data 430, and
transmit account data 430 to purchaser 410 through network 440.
Purchaser 410 may represent one or more customers 110 or purchaser
410 may represent one or more intermediaries acting on behalf of
customers 110.
Order data 420 may include the name of account holder 112, one or
more tax identifiers, the resident state of account holder 112, an
initial investment allocation designation, and a designation of
beneficiary 114 and/or designated party 116. Account data 430 may
include an account number and a document, or reference to a
document, containing the provisions of financial instrument
100.
Upon receipt of order data 420, data processing system 400 may
calculate any applicable fees associated with the provisions of
financial instrument 100. Data processing system may also identify
account 130 and identify assets and fees associated with account
130.
In certain embodiments, purchaser 410 may initiate the transmission
of order data 420 through the use of a web-based application. For
example, purchaser 410 may access one or more websites and may
submit certain portions of order data using those websites.
Similarly, purchaser 410 may utilize one or more electronic fund
transfer (EFT) technologies to purchase financial instrument 100.
The use of internet technologies to purchase financial instrument
100 may involve the use of one or more security provisions such as
digital signatures, digital certificates, passwords, and
encryptions. In certain embodiments, the collection of order data
420 may occur through the use of an interactive process. For
example, a web-based application may present a series of questions
to purchaser 410, which purchaser 410 may respond to and, in
responding, submit the contents of order data 420.
FIG. 6 is an embodiment of a general purpose computer 500 that may
be used in connection with one or more pieces of software used to
implement the invention. General purpose computer 500 may generally
be adapted to execute any of the well-known OS2, UNIX, Mac-OS,
Linux, and Windows Operating Systems or other operating systems.
The general purpose computer 500 in this embodiment comprises a
processor 502, a random access memory (RAM) 504, a read only memory
(ROM) 506, a mouse 508, a keyboard 510 and input/output devices
such as a printer 514, disk drives 512, a display 516 and a
communications link 518. In other embodiments, the general purpose
computer 500 may include more, less, or other component parts.
Embodiments of the present invention may include programs that may
be stored in the RAM 504, the ROM 506 or the disk drives 512 and
may be executed by the processor 502. The communications link 518
may be connected to a computer network or a variety of other
communicative platforms including, but not limited to, a public or
private data network; a local area network (LAN); a metropolitan
area network (MAN); a wide area network (WAN); a wireline or
wireless network; a local, regional, or global communication
network; an optical network; a satellite network; an enterprise
intranet; other suitable communication links; or any combination of
the preceding. Disk drives 512 may include a variety of types of
storage media such as, for example, floppy disk drives, hard disk
drives, CD ROM drives, DVD ROM drives, magnetic tape drives or
other suitable storage media.
Although FIG. 6 provides one embodiment of a computer that may be
used with the invention, the invention may additionally utilize
computers other than general purpose computers as well as general
purpose computers without conventional operating systems.
Additionally, embodiments of the invention may also employ multiple
general purpose computers 500 or other computers networked together
in a computer network. Most commonly, multiple general purpose
computers 500 or other computers may be networked through the
Internet and/or in a client server network. Embodiments of the
invention may also be used with a combination of separate computer
networks each linked together by a private or a public network.
Several embodiments of the invention may include logic contained
within a medium. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the logic comprises
computer software executable on the general purpose computer 500.
The medium may include the RAM 504, the ROM 506 or the disk drives
512. In other embodiments, the logic may be contained within
hardware configuration or a combination of software and hardware
configurations. The logic may also be embedded within any other
suitable medium without departing from the scope of the
invention.
Although the present invention has been described in several
embodiments, a plenitude of changes and modifications may be
suggested to one skilled in the art, and it is intended that the
present invention encompass such changes and modifications as fall
within the present appended claims.
To aid the Patent Office, and any readers of any patent issued on
this application in interpreting the claims appended hereto,
applicants wish to note that they do not intend any of the appended
claims to invoke 6 of 35 U.S.C. .sctn.112 as this paragraph and
section exists on the date of filing hereof unless "means for" or
"step for" are used in the particular claim.
* * * * *
References