U.S. patent number 8,710,209 [Application Number 12/963,600] was granted by the patent office on 2014-04-29 for modulation of hsp47 expression.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nitto Denko Corporation. The grantee listed for this patent is Sharon Avkin-Nachum, Ning Chen, Shai Erlich, Elena Feinstein, Xiaomei Jin, Hagar Kalinski, Igor Mett, Yoshiro Niitsu, Elizabeth C. Squiers, Hirokazu Takahashi, Yasunobu Tanaka, Lei Yu. Invention is credited to Sharon Avkin-Nachum, Ning Chen, Shai Erlich, Elena Feinstein, Xiaomei Jin, Hagar Kalinski, Igor Mett, Yoshiro Niitsu, Elizabeth C. Squiers, Hirokazu Takahashi, Yasunobu Tanaka, Lei Yu.
United States Patent |
8,710,209 |
Jin , et al. |
April 29, 2014 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Modulation of HSP47 expression
Abstract
Provided herein are compositions, methods and kits for
modulating expression of target genes, particularly heat shock
protein 47 (hsp47). The compositions, methods and kits may include
nucleic acid molecules (for example, short interfering nucleic acid
(siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA),
micro-RNA (miRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA)) that modulate a
gene encoding hsp47, for example, the gene encoding human hsp47.
The composition and methods disclosed herein may also be used in
treating conditions and disorders associated with hsp47 such as
liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis and kidney
fibrosis.
Inventors: |
Jin; Xiaomei (Oceanside,
CA), Yu; Lei (Oceanside, CA), Takahashi; Hirokazu
(Sapporo, JP), Tanaka; Yasunobu (Sapporo,
JP), Niitsu; Yoshiro (Sapporo, JP),
Feinstein; Elena (Rehovot, IL), Avkin-Nachum;
Sharon (Nes Ziona, IL), Kalinski; Hagar (Rishon
Le-Zion, IL), Mett; Igor (Rehovot, IL),
Erlich; Shai (Belmont, CA), Squiers; Elizabeth C. (Half
Moon Bay, CA), Chen; Ning (Pittsburgh, PA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Jin; Xiaomei
Yu; Lei
Takahashi; Hirokazu
Tanaka; Yasunobu
Niitsu; Yoshiro
Feinstein; Elena
Avkin-Nachum; Sharon
Kalinski; Hagar
Mett; Igor
Erlich; Shai
Squiers; Elizabeth C.
Chen; Ning |
Oceanside
Oceanside
Sapporo
Sapporo
Sapporo
Rehovot
Nes Ziona
Rishon Le-Zion
Rehovot
Belmont
Half Moon Bay
Pittsburgh |
CA
CA
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
CA
CA
PA |
US
US
JP
JP
JP
IL
IL
IL
IL
US
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Nitto Denko Corporation (Osaka,
JP)
|
Family
ID: |
44146170 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/963,600 |
Filed: |
December 8, 2010 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20110178157 A1 |
Jul 21, 2011 |
|
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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61372072 |
Aug 9, 2010 |
|
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61307412 |
Feb 23, 2010 |
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61285149 |
Dec 9, 2009 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
536/24.5;
536/24.1; 536/24.31 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P
35/00 (20180101); A61P 1/00 (20180101); A61P
7/00 (20180101); A61P 17/02 (20180101); A61P
1/16 (20180101); A61P 27/02 (20180101); A61P
3/10 (20180101); A61P 31/14 (20180101); A61P
11/00 (20180101); A61P 9/00 (20180101); A61P
43/00 (20180101); A61K 31/713 (20130101); A61P
1/18 (20180101); A61P 9/10 (20180101); A61P
13/12 (20180101); C12N 15/113 (20130101); A61P
41/00 (20180101); C12N 2310/317 (20130101); C12N
2310/14 (20130101); C12N 2310/531 (20130101); C12N
2310/315 (20130101); C12N 2310/32 (20130101); C12N
2310/321 (20130101); C12N 2320/30 (20130101); C12N
2310/31 (20130101); C12N 2310/33 (20130101); C12N
2310/11 (20130101); C12N 2310/321 (20130101); C12N
2310/3521 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C07H
21/04 (20060101) |
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Liposomes, Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), (2007) 110: Abract
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Lines Conferred by Using Retroviral Vectors Expressing an HIV-1
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|
Primary Examiner: Chong; Kimberly
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue Mion, PLLC
Claims
That which is claimed is:
1. A double stranded nucleic acid molecule having a structure (A2)
set forth below: ##STR00013## wherein each of N.sup.2, N and N' is
independently an unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an
unconventional moiety; wherein each of (N)x and (N')y is an
oligonucleotide in which each consecutive N or N' is joined to the
adjacent N or N' by a covalent bond; wherein each of x and y is 18;
wherein the sequence of (N')y has complementarity to the sequence
of (N)x and the sequence of (N)x has complementarity to a
consecutive sequence in a mRNA encoding hsp47; wherein N.sup.1 is
covalently bound to (N)x and is mismatched to the mRNA encoding
hsp47; or is a complementary DNA moiety to the mRNA encoding hsp47;
wherein N.sup.1 is a moiety selected from natural or modified
uridine or deoxyribouridine; wherein z'' may be present or absent,
but if present is a capping moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus of N.sup.2--(N')y; wherein each of Z and Z' is
independently present or absent, but if present is independently
1-5 consecutive nucleotides, consecutive non-nucleotide moieties or
a combination thereof covalently attached at the 3' terminus of the
strand in which it is present; and wherein the sense strand and the
antisense strand comprise the oligonucleotides described as
SERPINH1.sub.--2 (SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127).
2. A composition comprising the double stranded nucleic acid
molecule of claim 1; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
3. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, having the
structure ##STR00014## wherein each "|" represents base pairing
between the ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G and U is
independently an unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an
unconventional moiety; wherein each A, C, G and U is joined to an
adjacent A, C, G or U by a covalent bond; wherein each of Z and Z'
is independently present or absent, but if present is independently
1-5 consecutive nucleotides or non-nucleotide moieties or a
combination thereof covalently attached at the 3' terminus of the
strand in which it is present; and wherein z'' may be present or
absent, but if present is a capping moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus of the sense strand.
4. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein
each of A, C, G and U is an unmodified ribonucleotide, and wherein
z'', Z and Z' are absent.
5. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein
each of Z and Z' is present.
6. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 5, wherein
each of Z and Z' independently comprises a nucleotide overhang or a
non-nucleotide overhang.
7. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 6, wherein
each of Z and Z' comprises a non-nucleotide overhang.
8. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 7, wherein Z'
comprises C3Pi and wherein Z comprises C3Pi-C3OH.
9. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein
the antisense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides.
10. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 9, wherein
the 2'-O-methyl sugar modified ribonucleotides are present in
positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19.
11. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 10, wherein
the antisense strand further comprises a 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotide or a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position (5'>3')
1.
12. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 11, wherein
the antisense strand comprises a 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotide in position (5'>3') 1.
13. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 11, wherein
the antisense strand comprises a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position
(5'>3') 1.
14. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 11, wherein
the antisense strand comprises a 2'5' ribonucleotide in any one of
positions (5'>3') 6, 7 or 8.
15. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 14, wherein
the 2'5' ribonucleotide is present in position 7.
16. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein
the sense strand comprises 4 or 5 consecutive 2'5' nucleotides at
the 3' terminal or penultimate positions.
17. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 16, wherein
the sense strand comprises 2'5' ribonucleotides in positions
(5'>3') 15, 16, 17, and 18.
18. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 16, wherein
the sense strand comprises 2'5' ribonucleotides in positions
(5'>3') 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.
19. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein
the sense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 7, 13, 16 and 18.
20. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 19, wherein
the sense strand further comprises a 2'5' nucleotide in position
(5'>3') 9.
21. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein
z'' is present and comprises a capping moiety covalently attached
to the 5' terminus of the sense strand.
22. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 21, wherein
the capping moiety is selected from an abasic ribose moiety, an
inverted abasic ribose moiety, an inverted abasic deoxyribose
moiety, an abasic deoxyribose moiety and modifications thereof;
C6-imino-Pi; a mirror nucleotide; 5'OMe nucleotide; 4',5'-methylene
nucleotide; 1-(.beta.-D-erythrofuranosyl)nucleotide; 4'-thio
nucleotide, carbocyclic nucleotide; 5'-amino-alkyl phosphate;
1,3-diamino-2-propyl phosphate, 3-aminopropyl phosphate;
6-aminohexyl phosphate; 12-aminododecyl phosphate; hydroxypropyl
phosphate; 1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleotide; alpha-nucleotide;
threo-pentofuranosyl nucleotide; acyclic 3',4'-seco nucleotide;
3,4-dihydroxybutyl nucleotide; 3,5-dihydroxypentyl nucleotide,
5'-5'-inverted abasic moiety; 1,4-butanediol phosphate; 5'-amino;
and bridging or non bridging methylphosphonate and 5'-mercapto
moieties.
23. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 22, wherein
the capping moiety comprises an inverted abasic deoxyribose
moiety.
24. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein
the antisense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in at least one of positions
(5'>3') 1, 5, 6 or 7, and a 3' terminal non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and wherein the sense
strand comprises at least one 2'5' ribonucleotide and/or a
2'-O-methyl modified ribonucleotide, a non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus and a capping moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus.
25. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 24, wherein
the antisense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and
19, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 7, and a non-nucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and wherein the
sense strand comprises five consecutive 2'5' ribonucleotides in the
3' terminal positions (5'>3') 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, a
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an
inverted abasic capping moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus.
26. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 25, wherein
the antisense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17
and 19, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 7, and a C3Pi-C3OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and
wherein the sense strand comprises five consecutive 2'5'
ribonucleotides in the 3' terminal positions (5'>3') 15, 16, 17,
18 and 19, a C3Pi non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus and an inverted abasic capping moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
27. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 25, wherein
the antisense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and
19, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in positions 1 and 7, and a C3Pi-C3OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and
wherein the sense strand comprises five consecutive 2'5'
ribonucleotides in the 3' terminal positions (5'>3') 15, 16, 17,
18 and 19, a C3Pi non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus and an inverted abasic capping moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
28. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 24, wherein
the antisense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17
and 19, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 7, and a C3Pi-C3OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and
wherein the sense strand comprises 2'-O-methyl sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 7, 13, 16 and 18, a 2'5'
ribonucleotide at position 9, a C3 non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted abasic capping moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus.
29. A method for treating an individual suffering from a disease
associated with hsp47 comprising administering to said individual
the double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 in an amount
sufficient to reduce expression of hsp47, wherein the disease
associated with hsp47 is fibrosis.
30. A method for treating an individual suffering from a disease
associated with hsp47 comprising administering to said individual
the double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 26 in an amount
sufficient to reduce expression of hsp47, wherein the disease
associated with hsp47 is fibrosis.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein the fibrosis is selected from
the group consisting of liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, pulmonary
fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, chronic hepatic
damage, cardiofibrosis, retinal fibrosis, retro-orbital fibrosis,
lacrimal gland fibrosis, myelofibrosis, intestinal fibrosis, vocal
cord mucosal fibrosis, laryngeal fibrosis, nephrogenic systemic
fibrosis, congenital hepatic fibrosis and oral submucosal
fibrosis.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the fibrosis comprises liver
cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, kidney fibrosis,
myelofibrosis and intestinal fibrosis.
33. The double stranded nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein
each covalent bond joining each A, C, G and U to the adjacent A, C,
G or U is a phosphodiester bond.
34. The method of claim 30 wherein the fibrosis is a fibrosis of
skin, peritoneum, liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, lung, bone
marrow, eye, intestine, vocal cord and/or vasculature.
35. The method of claim 29, wherein the fibrosis is selected from
the group consisting of liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, pulmonary
fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, chronic hepatic
damage, cardiofibrosis, retinal fibrosis, retro-orbital fibrosis,
lacrimal gland fibrosis, myelofibrosis, intestinal fibrosis, vocal
cord mucosal fibrosis, laryngeal fibrosis, nephrogenic systemic
fibrosis, congenital hepatic fibrosis and oral submucosal
fibrosis.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the fibrosis comprises liver
fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, kidney fibrosis,
myelofibrosis and intestinal fibrosis.
37. The method of claim 29 wherein the fibrosis is a fibrosis of
skin, peritoneum, liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, lung, bone
marrow, eye, intestine, vocal cord and/or vasculature.
Description
RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application
Ser. Nos. 61/372,072, filed Aug. 9, 2010, 61/307,412, filed Feb.
23, 2010 and 61/285,149, filed Dec. 9, 2009 each entitled
"Modulation of HSP47 Expression" and which are incorporated herein
by reference in their entirety and for all purposes.
SEQUENCE LISTING
The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which is
entitled 220-PCT1_ST25.sub.--07Dec-10.txt, said ASCII copy, created
on Dec. 7, 2010 and is 533 kb in size, is hereby incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Provided herein are compositions and methods for modulating
expression of hsp47.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sato, Y., et al. disclose the administration of vitamin A-coupled
liposomes to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) against gp46,
the rat homolog of human heat shock protein 47, to liver cirrhosis
rat animal models. Sato, Y., et al., Nature Biotechnology, vol. 26
(4), p. 431-442 (2008).
Chen, J-J., et al. disclose transfecting human keloid samples with
HSP47-shRNA (small hairpin RNA) to examine proliferation of keloid
fibroblast cells. Chen, J-J., et al., British Journal of
Dermatology, vol. 156, p. 1188-1195 (2007).
PCT Patent Publication No. WO 2006/068232 discloses an astrocyte
specific drug carrier which includes a retinoid derivative and/or a
vitamin A analog.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Compositions, methods and kits for modulating expression of target
genes are provided herein. In various aspects and embodiments,
compositions, methods and kits provided herein modulate expression
of heat shock protein 47 (hsp47), also known as SERPINH1. The
compositions, methods and kits may involve use of nucleic acid
molecules (for example, short interfering nucleic acid (siNA),
short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA),
micro-RNA (miRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA)) that bind a
nucleotide sequence (such as an mRNA sequence) encoding hsp47, for
example, the mRNA coding sequence for human hsp47 exemplified by
SEQ ID NO:1. In certain preferred embodiments, the compositions,
methods and kits disclosed herein inhibit expression of hsp47. For
example, siNA molecules (e.g., RISC length dsNA molecules or Dicer
length dsNA molecules) are provided that reduce or inhibit hsp47
expression. Also provided are compositions, methods and kits for
treating and/or preventing diseases, conditions or disorders
associated with hsp47, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, pulmonary
fibrosis including lung fibrosis (including ILF), kidney fibrosis
resulting from any condition (e.g., CKD including ESRD), peritoneal
fibrosis, chronic hepatic damage, fibrillogenesis, fibrotic
diseases in other organs, abnormal scarring (keloids) associated
with all possible types of skin injury accidental and jatrogenic
(operations); scleroderma; cardiofibrosis, failure of glaucoma
filtering operation; and intestinal adhesions.
In one aspect, provided are nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA
molecules) in which (a) the nucleic acid molecule includes a sense
strand and an antisense strand; (b) each strand of the nucleic acid
molecule is independently 15 to 49 nucleotides in length; (c) a 15
to 49 nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is complementary
to a sequence of an mRNA encoding human hsp47 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1);
and (d) a 15 to 49 nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is
complementary to the a sequence of the antisense strand and
includes a 15 to 49 nucleotide sequence of an mRNA encoding human
hsp47 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1).
In certain embodiments, the sequence of the antisense strand that
is complementary to a sequence of an mRNA encoding human hsp47
includes a sequence complimentary to a sequence between nucleotides
600-800; or 801-899; or 900-1000; or 1001-1300 of SEQ ID NO: 1; or
between nucleotides 650-730; or 900-975 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some
embodiments, the antisense strand includes a sequence that is
complementary to a sequence of an mRNA encoding human hsp47
corresponding to nucleotides 674-693 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 698-716 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 698-722 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 701-720 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 920-939 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 963-982 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 947-972 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 948-966 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 945-969 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof; or nucleotides 945-963 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a portion
thereof.
In certain embodiments, the antisense strand of a nucleic acid
molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes a
sequence corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a portion thereof; or SEQ
ID NO: 6 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 8 or a portion
thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 10 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 12 or
a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 14 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 16 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 18 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 20 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 22 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 24 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 26 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 28 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 30 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 32 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 34 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 36 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 38 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 40 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 42 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 44 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 46 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 48 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 50 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 52 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 54 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 56 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 58 or a portion thereof.
In certain embodiments, the sense strand of a nucleic acid molecule
(e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes a sequence
corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 5
or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 7 or a portion thereof; or SEQ
ID NO: 9 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 11 or a portion
thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 13 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 15 or
a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 17 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 19 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 21 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 23 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 25 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 27 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 29 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 31 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 33 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 35 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 37 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 39 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 41 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 43 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 45 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 47 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID
NO: 49 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 51 or a portion thereof;
or SEQ ID NO: 53 or a portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 55 or a
portion thereof; or SEQ ID NO: 57 or a portion thereof.
In certain preferred embodiments, the antisense strand of a nucleic
acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes
a sequence corresponding to any one of the antisense sequences
shown on Table A-19. In certain preferred embodiments the antisense
strand and the strand are selected from the sequence pairs shown in
Table A-19. In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are
selected from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4,
SERPINH1.sub.--12, SERPINH1.sub.--18, SERPINH1.sub.--30,
SERPINH1.sub.--58 and SERPINH1.sub.--88. In some embodiments the
antisense and sense strands are selected from the sequence pairs
set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4 (SEQ ID NOS:195 and 220),
SERPINH1.sub.--12 (SEQ ID NOS:196 and 221), SERPINH1.sub.--30 (SEQ
ID NOS:199 and 224), and SERPINH1.sub.--58 (SEQ ID NOS:208 and
233).
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands of a nucleic
acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes
the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4 (SEQ ID NOS:195
and 220). In some embodiments of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a
siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes the antisense and sense
strands of the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--12 (SEQ
ID NOS:196 and 221). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as
disclosed herein includes the sequence pairs set forth in
SERPINH1.sub.--30 (SEQ ID NOS:199 and 224). In some embodiments of
a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein
includes the antisense and sense strands of the sequence pairs set
forth in SERPINH1.sub.--58 (SEQ ID NOS:208 and 233).
In certain embodiments, the antisense strand of a nucleic acid
molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes a
sequence corresponding to any one of the antisense sequences shown
on any one of Tables B or C.
In certain preferred embodiments, the antisense strand of a nucleic
acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes
a sequence corresponding to any one of the antisense sequences
shown on Table A-18. In certain preferred embodiments the antisense
strand and the strand are selected from the sequence pairs shown in
Table A-18. In some embodiments of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a
siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes the antisense and sense
strands selected from the sequence pairs set forth in
SERPINH1.sub.--2 (SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127), SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ ID
NOS: 63 and 130), SERPINH1.sub.--11 (SEQ ID NOS: 68 and 135),
SERPINH1.sub.--13 (SEQ ID NOS: 69 and 136), SERPINH1.sub.--45 (SEQ
ID NOS: 97 and 164), SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ ID NOS: 98 and 165),
SERPINH1.sub.--51 (SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 168), SERPINH1.sub.--52 (SEQ
ID NOS:102 and 169) or SERPINH1.sub.--86 (SEQ ID NOS: 123 and 190).
In some preferred embodiments the antisense and sense strands are
selected from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2 (SEQ
ID NOS: 60 and 127), SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ ID NOS: 63 and 130).
SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ ID NOS: 98 and 165), and SERPINH1.sub.--51
(SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 168).
In some preferred embodiments of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a
siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes the antisense and sense
strands selected from the sequence pairs set forth in
SERPINH1.sub.--2 (SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127). In some embodiments the
antisense and sense strands include the sequence pairs set forth in
SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ ID NOS: 63 and 130). In some embodiments of a
nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein
includes the antisense and sense strands of the sequence pairs set
forth in SERPINH1.sub.--11 (SEQ ID NOS: 68 and 135). In some
embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the sequence pairs
set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--13 (SEQ ID NOS: 69 and 136). In some
embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the sequence pairs
set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--45 (SEQ ID NOS: 97 and 164). In some
embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the sequence pairs
set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ ID NOS: 98 and 165). In some
embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the sequence pairs
set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--51 (SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 168).
In certain embodiments, the antisense strand of a nucleic acid
molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as disclosed herein includes a
sequence corresponding to any one of the antisense sequences shown
on any one of Tables D or E.
In various embodiments of nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA
molecules) as disclosed herein, the antisense strand may be 15 to
49 nucleotides in length (e.g., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 or 49 nucleotides in length); or
17-35 nucleotides in length; or 17-30 nucleotides in length; or
15-25 nucleotides in length; or 18-25 nucleotides in length; or
18-23 nucleotides in length; or 19-21 nucleotides in length; or
25-30 nucleotides in length; or 26-28 nucleotides in length. In
some embodiments of nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules)
as disclosed herein, the antisense strand may be 19 nucleotides in
length Similarly the sense strand of nucleic acid molecules (e.g.,
siNA molecules) as disclosed herein may be 15 to 49 nucleotides in
length (e.g., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48 or 49 nucleotides in length); or 17-35 nucleotides
in length; or 17-30 nucleotides in length; or 15-25 nucleotides in
length; or 18-25 nucleotides in length; or 18-23 nucleotides in
length; or 19-21 nucleotides in length; or 25-30 nucleotides in
length; or 26-28 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments of
nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as disclosed herein,
the sense strand may be 19 nucleotides in length. In some
embodiments of nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as
disclosed herein, the antisense strand and the sense strand may be
19 nucleotides in length. The duplex region of the nucleic acid
molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as disclosed herein may be 15-49
nucleotides in length (e.g., about 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 or 49 nucleotides in length),
15-35 nucleotides in length; or 15-30 nucleotides in length; or
about 15-25 nucleotides in length; or 17-25 nucleotides in length;
or 17-23 nucleotides in length; or 17-21 nucleotides in length; or
25-30 nucleotides in length; or 25-28 nucleotides in length. In
various embodiments of nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA
molecules) as disclosed herein, the duplex region may be 19
nucleotides in length.
In certain embodiments, the sense and antisense strands of a
nucleic acid (e.g., an siNA nucleic acid molecule) as provided
herein are separate polynucleotide strands. In some embodiments,
the separate antisense and sense strands form a double stranded
structure via hydrogen bonding, for example, Watson-Crick base
pairing. In some embodiments the sense and antisense strands are
two separate strands that are covalently linked to each other. In
other embodiments, the sense and antisense strands are part of a
single polynucleotide strand having both a sense and antisense
region; in some preferred embodiments the polynucleotide strand has
a hairpin structure.
In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., siNA
molecule) is a double stranded nucleic acid (dsNA) molecule that is
symmetrical with regard to overhangs, and has a blunt end on both
ends. In other embodiments the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., siNA
molecule) is a dsNA molecule that is symmetrical with regard to
overhangs, and has an overhang on both ends of the dsNA molecule;
preferably the molecule has overhangs of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8
nucleotides; preferably the molecule has 2 nucleotide overhangs. In
some embodiments the overhangs are 5' overhangs; in alternative
embodiments the overhangs are 3' overhangs. In certain embodiments,
the overhang nucleotides are modified with modifications as
disclosed herein. In some embodiments the overhang nucleotides are
2'-deoxynucleotides.
In certain preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule (e.g.,
siNA molecule) is a dsNA molecule that is asymmetrical with regard
to overhangs, and has a blunt end on one end of the molecule and an
overhang on the other end of the molecule. In certain embodiments
the overhang is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 nucleotides; preferably
the overhang is 2 nucleotides. In some preferred embodiments an
asymmetrical dsNA molecule has a 3'-overhang (for example a two
nucleotide 3'-overhang) on one side of a duplex occurring on the
sense strand; and a blunt end on the other side of the molecule. In
some preferred embodiments an asymmetrical dsNA molecule has a
5'-overhang (for example a two nucleotide 5'-overhang) on one side
of a duplex occurring on the sense strand; and a blunt end on the
other side of the molecule. In other preferred embodiments an
asymmetrical dsNA molecule has a 3'-overhang (for example a two
nucleotide 3'-overhang) on one side of a duplex occurring on the
antisense strand; and a blunt end on the other side of the
molecule. In some preferred embodiments an asymmetrical dsNA
molecule has a 5'-overhang (for example a two nucleotide
5'-overhang) on one side of a duplex occurring on the antisense
strand; and a blunt end on the other side of the molecule. In
certain preferred embodiments, the overhangs are
2'-deoxynucleotides.
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., siNA
molecule) has a hairpin structure (having the sense strand and
antisense strand on one polynucleotide), with a loop structure on
one end and a blunt end on the other end. In some embodiments, the
nucleic acid molecule has a hairpin structure, with a loop
structure on one end and an overhang end on the other end (for
example a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 nucleotide overhang); in
certain embodiments, the overhang is a 3'-overhang; in certain
embodiments the overhang is a 5'-overhang; in certain embodiments
the overhang is on the sense strand; in certain embodiments the
overhang is on the antisense strand.
In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is
selected from the nucleic acid molecules shown on Table I.
The nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecule) disclosed herein
may include one or more modifications or modified nucleotides such
as described herein. For example, a nucleic acid molecule (e.g.,
siNA molecule) as provided herein may include a modified nucleotide
having a modified sugar; a modified nucleotide having a modified
nucleobase; or a modified nucleotide having a modified phosphate
group. Similarly, a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., siNA molecule) as
provided herein may include a modified phosphodiester backbone
and/or may include a modified terminal phosphate group.
Nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as provided may have
one or more nucleotides that include a modified sugar moiety, for
example as described herein. In some preferred embodiments the
modified sugar moiety is selected from the group consisting of
2'-O-methyl, 2'-methoxyethoxy, 2'-deoxy, 2'-fluoro, 2'-allyl,
2'-O-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl], 4'-thio,
4'-(CH.sub.2).sub.2--O-2'-bridge, 2'-locked nucleic acid, and
2'-O--(N-methylcarbamate).
Nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as provided may have
one or more modified nucleobase(s) for example as described herein,
which preferably may be one selected from the group consisting of
xanthine, hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, 6-methyl and other alkyl
derivatives of adenine and guanine, 2-propyl and other alkyl
derivatives of adenine and guanine, 5-halouracil and cytosine,
5-propynyl uracil and cytosine, 6-azo uracil, cytosine and thymine,
5-uracil (pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 8-halo, amino, thiol,
thioalkyl, hydroxyl and other 8-substituted adenines and guanines,
5-trifluoromethyl and other 5-substituted uracils and cytosines,
7-methyl guanine, and acyclonucleotides.
Nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as provided may have
one or more modifications to the phosphodiester backbone, for
example as described herein. In some preferred embodiments the
phosphodiester bond is modified by substituting the phosphodiester
bond with a phosphorothioate, 3'-(or -5')deoxy-3'-(or
-5')thio-phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenates,
3'-(or -5')deoxy phosphinates, borano phosphates, 3'-(or
-5')deoxy-3'-(or 5'-)amino phosphoramidates, hydrogen phosphonates,
borano phosphate esters, phosphoramidates, alkyl or aryl
phosphonates and phosphotriester or phosphorus linkages.
In various embodiments, the provided nucleic acid molecules (e.g.,
siNA molecules) may include one or modifications in the sense
strand but not the antisense strand. In some embodiments the
provided nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) include one
or more modifications in the antisense strand but not the sense
strand. In some embodiments the provided nucleic acid molecules
(e.g., siNA molecules) include one or more modifications in the
both the sense strand and the antisense strand.
In some embodiments in which the provided nucleic acid molecules
(e.g., siNA molecules) have modifications, the sense strand
includes a pattern of alternating modified and unmodified
nucleotides, and/or the antisense strand includes a pattern of
alternating modified and unmodified nucleotides; in some preferred
versions of such embodiments the modification is a 2'-O-methyl (2'
methoxy or 2'OMe) sugar moiety. The pattern of alternating modified
and unmodified nucleotides may start with a modified nucleotide at
the 5' end or 3' end of one of the strands; for example the pattern
of alternating modified and unmodified nucleotides may start with a
modified nucleotide at the 5' end or 3' end of the sense strand
and/or the pattern of alternating modified and unmodified
nucleotides may start with a modified nucleotide at the 5' end or
3' end of the antisense strand. When both the antisense and sense
strand include a pattern of alternating modified nucleotides, the
pattern of modified nucleotides may be configured such that
modified nucleotides in the sense strand are opposite modified
nucleotides in the antisense strand; or there may be a phase shift
in the pattern such that modified nucleotides of the sense strand
are opposite unmodified nucleotides in the antisense strand and
vice-versa.
The nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as provided
herein may include 1-3 (i.e., 1, 2 or 3) deoxynucleotides at the 3'
end of the sense and/or antisense strand.
The nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) as provided
herein may include a phosphate group at the 5' end of the sense
and/or antisense strand.
In one aspect, provided are double stranded nucleic acid molecules
having the structure (A1):
(A1) 5' (N)x-Z 3' (antisense strand) 3' Z'--(N')y-z'' 5' (sense
strand) wherein each of N and N' is a nucleotide which may be
unmodified or modified, or an unconventional moiety; wherein each
of (N)x and (N')y is an oligonucleotide in which each consecutive N
or N' is joined to the next N or N' by a covalent bond; wherein
each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if present
independently includes 1-5 consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a capping
moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of (N')y; wherein
each of x and y is independently an integer between 18 and 40;
wherein the sequence of (N')y has complementary to the sequence of
(N)x; and wherein (N)x includes an antisense sequence to SEQ ID
NO:1. In some embodiments (N)x includes an antisense
oligonucleotide present in Table A-19. In other embodiments (N)x is
selected from an antisense oligonucleotide present in Tables B or
C.
In some embodiments the covalent bond joining each consecutive N or
N' is a phosphodiester bond.
In some embodiments x=y and each of x and y is 19, 20, 21, 22 or
23. In various embodiments x=y=19.
In some embodiments of nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA
molecules) as disclosed herein, the double stranded nucleic acid
molecule is a siRNA, siNA or a miRNA.
In some embodiments, the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4 (SEQ ID
NOS:195 and 220), SERPINH1.sub.--12 (SEQ ID NOS:196 and 221),
SERPINH1.sub.--30 (SEQ ID NOS:199 and 224), and SERPINH1.sub.--58
(SEQ ID NOS:208 and 233),
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the
sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4 (SEQ ID NOS:195 and
220). In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the
sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--12 (SEQ ID NOS:196 and
221). In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the
sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--30 (SEQ ID NOS:199 and
224), In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are the
sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--58 (SEQ ID NOS:208 and
233).
In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic acid molecules
comprise a DNA moiety or a mismatch to the target at position 1 of
the antisense strand (5' terminus). Such a structure is described
herein. According to one embodiment provided are modified nucleic
acid molecules having a structure (A2) set forth below:
(A2) 5' N.sup.1--(N)x-Z 3' (antisense strand) 3'
Z'--N.sup.2--(N')y-z'' 5' (sense strand) wherein each of N.sup.2, N
and N' is an unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an
unconventional moiety; wherein each of (N)x and (N')y is an
oligonucleotide in which each consecutive N or N' is joined to the
adjacent N or N' by a covalent bond; wherein each of x and y is
independently an integer between 17 and 39; wherein the sequence of
(N')y has complementarity to the sequence of (N)x and (N)x has
complementarity to a consecutive sequence in a target RNA; wherein
N.sup.1 is covalently bound to (N)x and is mismatched to the target
RNA or is a complementary DNA moiety to the target RNA; wherein
N.sup.1 is a moiety selected from the group consisting of natural
or modified uridine, deoxyribouridine, ribothymidine,
deoxyribothymidine, adenosine or deoxyadenosine; wherein z'' may be
present or absent, but if present is a capping moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus of N.sup.2--(N')y; and wherein each of
Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if present is
independently 1-5 consecutive nucleotides, consecutive
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is
present.
In some embodiments the sequence of (N')y is fully complementary to
the sequence of (N)x. In various embodiments sequence of
N.sup.2--(N')y is complementary to the sequence of N.sup.1--(N)x.
In some embodiments (N)x comprises an antisense that is fully
complementary to about 17 to about 39 consecutive nucleotides in a
target RNA. In other embodiments (N)x comprises an antisense that
is substantially complementary to about 17 to about 39 consecutive
nucleotides in a target RNA.
In some embodiments N.sup.1 and N.sup.2 form a Watson-Crick base
pair, In some embodiments N.sup.1 and N.sup.2 form a
non-Watson-Crick base pair. In some embodiments a base pair is
formed between a ribonucleotide and a deoxyribonucleotide.
In some embodiments x=y=18, x=y=19 or x=y=20. In preferred
embodiments x=y=18. When x=18 in N.sup.1--(N)x, N.sup.1 refers to
position land positions 2-19 are included in (N).sub.18. When y=18
in N.sup.2--(N')y, N.sup.2 refers to position 19 and positions 1-18
are included in (N').sub.18.
In some embodiments N.sup.1 is covalently bound to (N)x and is
mismatched to the target RNA. In various embodiments N.sup.1 is
covalently bound to (N)x and is a DNA moiety complementary to the
target RNA.
In some embodiments a uridine in position 1 of the antisense strand
is substituted with an N.sup.1 selected from adenosine,
deoxyadenosine, deoxyuridine (dU), ribothymidine or deoxythymidine.
In various embodiments N.sup.1 selected from adenosine,
deoxyadenosine or deoxyuridine.
In some embodiments guanosine in position 1 of the antisense strand
is substituted with an N.sup.1 selected from adenosine,
deoxyadenosine, uridine, deoxyuridine, ribothymidine or
deoxythymidine. In various embodiments N.sup.1 is selected from
adenosine, deoxyadenosine, uridine or deoxyuridine.
In some embodiments cytidine in position 1 of the antisense strand
is substituted with an N.sup.1 selected from adenosine,
deoxyadenosine, uridine, deoxyuridine, ribothymidine or
deoxythymidine. In various embodiments N.sup.1 is selected from
adenosine, deoxyadenosine, uridine or deoxyuridine.
In some embodiments adenosine in position 1 of the antisense strand
is substituted with an N.sup.1 selected from deoxyadenosine,
deoxyuridine, ribothymidine or deoxythymidine. In various
embodiments N.sup.1 selected from deoxyadenosine or
deoxyuridine.
In some embodiments N.sup.1 and N.sup.2 form a base pair between
uridine or deoxyuridine, and adenosine or deoxyadenosine. In other
embodiments N.sup.1 and N.sup.2 form a base pair between
deoxyuridine and adenosine.
In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic acid molecule is a
siRNA, siNA or a miRNA. The double stranded nucleic acid molecules
as provided herein are also referred to as "duplexes".
In some embodiments (N)x includes and antisense oligonucleotide
present in Table A-18. In some embodiments x=y=18 and N1-(N)x
includes an antisense oligonucleotide present in Table A-18. In
some embodiments x=y=19 or x=y=20. In certain preferred embodiments
x=y=-18. In some embodiments x=y=18 and the sequences of N1-(N)x
and N2-(N')y are selected from the pair of oligonucleotides set
forth in Table A-18. In some embodiments x=y=18 and the sequences
of N1-(N)x and N2-(N')y are selected from the pair of
oligonucleotides set forth in Tables D and E. In some embodiments
the antisense and sense strands are selected from the sequence
pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2 (SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127),
SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ ID NOS: 63 and 130), SERPINH1.sub.--11 (SEQ
ID NOS: 68 and 135), SERPINH1.sub.--13 (SEQ ID NOS: 69 and 136),
SERPINH1.sub.--45 (SEQ ID NOS: 97 and 164), SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ
ID NOS: 98 and 165), SERPINH1.sub.--51 (SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 168),
SERPINH1.sub.--51a (SEQ ID NOS: 105 and 172), SERPINH1.sub.--52
(SEQ ID NOS:102 and 169) or SERPINH1.sub.--86 (SEQ ID NOS: 123 and
190). In some preferred embodiments the antisense and sense strands
are selected from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2
(SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127), SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ ID NOS: 63 and
130), SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ ID NOS: 98 and 165),
SERPINH1.sub.--51 (SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 168) and SERPINH1.sub.--51a
(SEQ ID NOS: 105 and 172).
In some preferred embodiments the antisense and sense strands are
selected from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2 (SEQ
ID NOS: 60 and 127). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ
ID NOS: 63 and 130). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--11 (SEQ
ID NOS: 68 and 135). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--13 (SEQ
ID NOS: 69 and 136). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--45 (SEQ
ID NOS: 97 and 164). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ
ID NOS: 98 and 165). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--51 (SEQ
ID NOS: 101 and 168). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--51a (SEQ
ID NOS: 105 and 172). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--52 (SEQ
ID NOS:102 and 169). In some embodiments the antisense and sense
strands are the sequence pairs set forth in (SEQ ID NOS: 123 and
190). In some preferred embodiments the antisense and sense strands
are selected from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2
(SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127), SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ ID NOS: 63 and
130), SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ ID NOS: 98 and 165),
SERPINH1.sub.--51 (SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 168) and SERPINH1.sub.--51a
(SEQ ID NOS: 105 and 172).
In some embodiments N1 and N2 form a Watson-Crick base pair. In
other embodiments N1 and N2 form a non-Watson-Crick base pair. In
some embodiments N1 is a modified riboadenosine or a modified
ribouridine.
In some embodiments N1 and N2 form a Watson-Crick base pair. In
other embodiments N1 and N2 form a non-Watson-Crick base pair. In
certain embodiments N1 is selected from the group consisting of
riboadenosine, modified riboadenosine, deoxyriboadenosine, modified
deoxyriboadenosine. In other embodiments N1 is selected from the
group consisting of ribouridine, deoxyribouridine, modified
ribouridine, and modified deoxyribouridine,
In certain embodiments position 1 in the antisense strand (5'
terminus) includes deoxyribouridine (dU) or adenosine. In some
embodiments N1 is selected from the group consisting of
riboadenosine, modified riboadenosine, deoxyriboadenosine, modified
deoxyriboadenosine and N2 is selected from the group consisting of
ribouridine, deoxyribouridine, modified ribouridine, and modified
deoxyribouridine. In certain embodiments N1 is selected from the
group consisting of riboadenosine and modified riboadenosine and N2
is selected from the group consisting of ribouridine and modified
ribouridine.
In certain embodiments N1 is selected from the group consisting of
ribouridine, deoxyribouridine, modified ribouridine, and modified
deoxyribouridine and N2 is selected from the group consisting of
riboadenosine, modified riboadenosine, deoxyriboadenosine, modified
deoxyriboadenosine. In certain embodiments N1 is selected from the
group consisting of ribouridine and deoxyribouridine and N2 is
selected from the group consisting of riboadenosine and modified
riboadenosine. In certain embodiments N1 is ribouridine and N2 is
riboadenosine. In certain embodiments N1 is deoxyribouridine and N2
is riboadenosine.
In some embodiments of Structure (A2), N1 includes 2'OMe
sugar-modified ribouracil or 2'OMe sugar-modified riboadenosine. In
certain embodiments of structure (A), N2 includes a 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide.
In some embodiments of Structure (A2), N1 includes 2'OMe
sugar-modified ribouracil or 2'OMe sugar-modified ribocytosine. In
certain embodiments of structure (A), N2 includes a 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotide.
In some embodiments each of N and N' is an unmodified nucleotide.
In some embodiments at least one of N or N' includes a chemically
modified nucleotide or an unconventional moiety. In some
embodiments the unconventional moiety is selected from a mirror
nucleotide, an abasic ribose moiety and an abasic deoxyribose
moiety. In some embodiments the unconventional moiety is a mirror
nucleotide, preferably an L-DNA moiety. In some embodiments at
least one of N or N' includes a 2'OMe sugar-modified
ribonucleotide.
In some embodiments the sequence of (N')y is fully complementary to
the sequence of (N)x. In other embodiments the sequence of (N')y is
substantially complementary to the sequence of (N)x.
In some embodiments (N)x includes an antisense sequence that is
fully complementary to about 17 to about 39 consecutive nucleotides
in a target mRNA. In other embodiments (N)x includes an antisense
that is substantially complementary to about 17 to about 39
consecutive nucleotides in a target mRNA.
In some embodiments of Structure A1 and Structure A2 the compound
is blunt ended, for example wherein both Z and Z' are absent. In an
alternative embodiment, at least one of Z or Z' is present. Z and
Z' independently include one or more covalently linked modified and
or unmodified nucleotides, including deoxyribonucleotides and
ribonucleotides, or an unconventional moiety for example inverted
abasic deoxyribose moiety or abasic ribose moiety; a non-nucleotide
C3, C4 or C5 moiety, an amino-6 moiety, a mirror nucleotide and the
like. In some embodiments each of Z and Z' independently includes a
C3 moiety or an amino-C6 moiety. In some embodiments Z' is absent
and Z is present and includes a non-nucleotide C3 moiety. In some
embodiments Z is absent and Z' is present and includes a
non-nucleotide C3 moiety.
In some embodiments of Structure A1 and Structure A2, each N
consists of an unmodified ribonucleotide. In some embodiments of
Structure A1 and Structure A2, each N' consists of an unmodified
nucleotide. In preferred embodiments, at least one of N and N' is a
modified ribonucleotide or an unconventional moiety.
In other embodiments the compound of Structure A1 or Structure A2
includes at least one ribonucleotide modified in the sugar residue.
In some embodiments the compound includes a modification at the 2'
position of the sugar residue. In some embodiments the modification
in the 2' position includes the presence of an amino, a fluoro, an
alkoxy or an alkyl moiety. In certain embodiments the 2'
modification includes an alkoxy moiety. In preferred embodiments
the alkoxy moiety is a methoxy moiety (also known as 2'-O-methyl;
2'OMe; 2'-OCH3). In some embodiments the nucleic acid compound
includes 2'OMe sugar modified alternating ribonucleotides in one or
both of the antisense and the sense strands. In other embodiments
the compound includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in the
antisense strand, (N)x or N1-(N)x, only. In certain embodiments the
middle ribonucleotide of the antisense strand; e.g. ribonucleotide
in position 10 in a 19-mer strand is unmodified. In various
embodiments the nucleic acid compound includes at least 5
alternating 2'OMe sugar modified and unmodified ribonucleotides. In
additional embodiments the compound of Structure A1 or Structure A2
includes modified ribonucleotides in alternating positions wherein
each ribonucleotide at the 5' and 3' termini of (N)x or N1-(N)x are
modified in their sugar residues, and each ribonucleotide at the 5'
and 3' termini of (N')y or N2-(N)y are unmodified in their sugar
residues.
In some embodiments the double stranded molecule includes one or
more of the following modifications
a) N in at least one of positions 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 from the 5'
terminus of the antisense strand is selected from a 2'5' nucleotide
or a mirror nucleotide;
b) N' in at least one of positions 9 or 10 from the 5' terminus of
the sense strand is selected from a 2'5' nucleotide and a
pseudoUridine; and
c) N' in 4, 5, or 6 consecutive positions at the 3' terminus
positions of (N')y comprises a 2'5' nucleotide.
In some embodiments the double stranded molecule includes a
combination of the following modifications
a) the antisense strand includes a 2'5' nucleotide or a mirror
nucleotide in at least one of positions 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 from the
5' terminus; and
b) the sense strand includes at least one of a 2'5' nucleotide and
a pseudoUridine in positions 9 or 10 from the 5' terminus.
In some embodiments the double stranded molecule includes a
combination of the following modifications
a) the antisense strand includes a 2'5' nucleotide or a mirror
nucleotide in at least one of positions 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 from the
5' terminus; and
c) the sense strand includes 4, 5, or 6 consecutive 2'5'
nucleotides at the 3' penultimate or 3' terminal positions.
In some embodiments, the sense strand [(N)x or N1-(N)x] includes 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides. In
some embodiments, the antisense strand includes 2'OMe modified
ribonucleotides at positions 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. In
other embodiments antisense strand includes 2'OMe modified
ribonucleotides at positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19.
In other embodiments the antisense strand includes 2'OMe modified
ribonucleotides at positions 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. In
some embodiments the antisense strand includes one or more 2'OMe
sugar modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments all the pyrimidine
nucleotides in the antisense strand are 2'OMe sugar modified. In
some embodiments the sense strand includes 2'OMe sugar modified
pyrimidines.
In some embodiments of Structure A1 and Structure A2, neither the
sense strand nor the antisense strand is phosphorylated at the 3'
and 5' termini. In other embodiments one or both of the sense
strand or the antisense strand are phosphorylated at the 3'
termini.
In some embodiments of Structure A1 and Structure A2 (N)y includes
at least one unconventional moiety selected from a mirror
nucleotide, a 2'5' nucleotide and a TNA. In some embodiments the
unconventional moiety is a mirror nucleotide. In various
embodiments the mirror nucleotide is selected from an
L-ribonucleotide (L-RNA) and an L-deoxyribonucleotide (L-DNA). In
preferred embodiments the mirror nucleotide is L-DNA. In certain
embodiments the sense strand comprises an unconventional moiety in
position 9 or 10 (from the 5' terminus). In preferred embodiments
the sense strand includes an unconventional moiety in position 9
(from the 5' terminus). In some embodiments the sense strand is 19
nucleotides in length and comprises 4, 5, or 6 consecutive
unconventional moieties in positions 15, (from the 5' terminus). In
some embodiments the sense strand includes 4 consecutive 2'5'
ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17, and 18. In some
embodiments the sense strand includes 5 consecutive 2'5'
ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19. In various
embodiments the sense strand further comprises Z'. In some
embodiments Z' includes a C3OH moiety or a C3Pi moiety.
In some embodiments of Structure A1 (N')y includes at least one
L-DNA moiety. In some embodiments x=y=19 and (N')y, consists of
unmodified ribonucleotides at positions 1-17 and 19 and one L-DNA
at the 3' penultimate position (position 18). In other embodiments
x=y=19 and (N')y consists of unmodified ribonucleotides at
positions 1-16 and 19 and two consecutive L-DNA at the 3'
penultimate position (positions 17 and 18). In various embodiments
the unconventional moiety is a nucleotide joined to an adjacent
nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide phosphate linkage. According
to various embodiments (N')y includes 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 consecutive
ribonucleotides at the 3' terminus linked by 2'-5' internucleotide
linkages. In one embodiment, four consecutive nucleotides at the 3'
terminus of (N')y are joined by three 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds,
wherein one or more of the 2'-5' nucleotides which form the 2'-5'
phosphodiester bonds further includes a 3'-O-methyl (3'OMe) sugar
modification. Preferably the 3' terminal nucleotide of (N')y
includes a 2'OMe sugar modification. In certain embodiments x=y=19
and (N')y includes two or more consecutive nucleotides at positions
15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 include a nucleotide joined to an adjacent
nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond (2'-5' nucleotide). In
various embodiments the nucleotide forming the 2'-5'
internucleotide bond includes a 3' deoxyribose nucleotide or a 3'
methoxy nucleotide (3' H or 3'OMe in place of a 3' OH). In some
embodiments x=y=19 and (N')y includes 2'-5' nucleotides at
positions 15, 16 and 17 such that adjacent nucleotides are linked
by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond between positions 15-16, 16-17 and
17-18; or at positions, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 such that adjacent
nucleotides are linked by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond between
positions 15-16, 16-17, 17-18 and 18-19 and a 3'OH is available at
the 3' terminal nucleotide or at positions 16, 17 and 18 such that
adjacent nucleotides are linked by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond
between positions 16-17, 17-18 and 18-19. In some embodiments
x=y=19 and (N')y includes 2'-5' nucleotides at positions 16 and 17
or at positions 17 and 18 or at positions 15 and 17 such that
adjacent nucleotides are linked by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond
between positions 16-17 and 17-18 or between positions 17-18 and
18-19 or between positions 15-16 and 17-18, respectively. In other
embodiments the pyrimidine ribonucleotides (rU, rC) in (N')y are
substituted with nucleotides joined to the adjacent nucleotide by a
2'-5' internucleotide bond. In some embodiments the antisense and
sense strands are selected from the sequence pairs set forth in
SERPINH1.sub.--4, SERPINH1.sub.--12, SERPINH1.sub.--18,
SERPINH1.sub.--30, SERPINH1.sub.--58 or SERPINH1.sub.--88, and
x=y=19 and (N')y comprises five consecutive nucleotides at the 3'
terminus joined by four 2'-5' linkages, specifically the linkages
between the nucleotides position 15-16, 16-17, 17-18 and 18-19.
In some embodiments the linkages include phosphodiester bonds. In
some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected from
the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4,
SERPINH1.sub.--12, SERPINH1.sub.--18, SERPINH1.sub.--30,
SERPINH1.sub.--58 or SERPINH1.sub.--88 and x=y=19 and (N')y
comprises five consecutive nucleotides at the 3' terminus joined by
four 2'-5' linkages and optionally further includes Z' and z'
independently selected from an inverted abasic moiety and a C3
alkyl [C3; 1,3-propanediol mono(dihydrogen phosphate)] cap. The C3
alkyl cap is covalently linked to the 3' or 5' terminal nucleotide.
In some embodiments the 3' C3 terminal cap further comprises a 3'
phosphate. In some embodiments the 3' C3 terminal cap further
comprises a 3' terminal hydroxy group.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4,
SERPINH1.sub.--12, SERPINH1.sub.--18, SERPINH1.sub.--30,
SERPINH1.sub.--58 or SERPINH1.sub.--88 and x=y=19 and (N')y
includes an L-DNA position 18; and (N')y optionally further
includes Z' and z' independently selected from an inverted abasic
moiety and a C3 alkyl [C3; 1,3-propanediol mono(dihydrogen
phosphate)] cap.
In some embodiments (N')y includes a 3' terminal phosphate. In some
embodiments (N')y includes a 3' terminal hydroxyl.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4,
SERPINH1.sub.--12, SERPINH1.sub.--18, SERPINH1.sub.--30,
SERPINH1.sub.--58 or SERPINH1.sub.--88 and x=y=19 and (N)x includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,
11, 13, 15, 17, 19 or at positions 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--4,
SERPINH1.sub.--12, SERPINH1.sub.--18, SERPINH1.sub.--30,
SERPINH1.sub.--58 and SERPINH1.sub.--88 and x=y=19 and (N)x
includes 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments all
pyrimidines in (N)x include the 2'OMe sugar modification.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2,
SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13,
SERPINH1.sub.--45, SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51,
SERPINH51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or SERPINH1.sub.--86 and x=y=18 and
N2 is a riboadenosine moiety.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2,
SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13,
SERPINH1.sub.--45. SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51.
SERPINH51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or SERPINH1.sub.--86 and x=y=18, and
N2-(N')y includes five consecutive nucleotides at the 3' terminus
joined by four 2'-5' linkages, specifically the linkages between
the nucleotides position 15-16, 16-17, 17-18 and 18-19. In some
embodiments the linkages include phosphodiester bonds.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2,
SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13,
SERPINH1.sub.--45, SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51,
SERPINH1.sub.--51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or SERPINH1.sub.--86 and
x=y=18 and N2-(N')y includes five consecutive nucleotides at the 3'
terminus joined by four 2'-5' linkages and optionally further
includes Z' and z' independently selected from an inverted abasic
moiety and a C3 alkyl [C3; 1,3-propanediol mono(dihydrogen
phosphate)] cap.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2,
SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13,
SERPINH1.sub.--45, SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51,
SERPINH1.sub.--51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or SERPINH1.sub.--86 and
x=y=18 and N.sup.2--(N')y includes an L-DNA position 18; and (N')y
optionally further includes Z' and z' independently selected from
an inverted abasic moiety and a C3 alkyl [C3; 1,3-propanediol
mono(dihydrogen phosphate)] cap.
In some embodiments N.sup.2--(N')y comprises a 3' terminal
phosphate. In some embodiments N2-(N')y comprises a 3' terminal
hydroxyl.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2,
SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13,
SERPINH1.sub.--45, SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51,
SERPINH1.sub.--51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or SERPINH1.sub.--86 and
x=y=18 and N.sup.1--(N)x includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 or
in positions 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, or in positions 3, 5,
9, 11, 13, 15, 17, or in positions 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2,
SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13,
SERPINH1.sub.--45, SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51,
SERPINH1.sub.--52 or SERPINH1.sub.--86 and x=y=18 and N.sup.1--(N)x
includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions 11, 13,
15, 17 and 19 (from 5' terminus). In some embodiments the antisense
and sense strands are selected from the sequence pairs set forth in
SERPINH1.sub.--2, SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11,
SERPINH1.sub.--13, SERPINH1-45. SERPINH1.sub.--45a,
SERPINH1.sub.--51, SERPINH1.sub.--51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or
SERPINH1.sub.--86 and x=y=18 and N.sup.1--(N)x includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,
17, 19 or in positions 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19. In some
embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected from the
sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2, SERPINH1.sub.--6,
SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13, SERPINH1.sub.--45,
SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or
SERPINH1.sub.--86 and x=y=18 and N1-(N)x includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17,
19.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the sequence pairs set forth in SERPINH1.sub.--2,
SERPINH1.sub.--6, SERPINH1.sub.--11, SERPINH1.sub.--13,
SERPINH1.sub.--45, SERPINH1.sub.--45a, SERPINH1.sub.--51,
SERPINH1.sub.--51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 or SERPINH1.sub.--86 and
x=y=18 and N1-(N)x includes 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidines. In
some embodiments all pyrimidines in (N)x include the 2'OMe sugar
modification. In some embodiments the antisense strand further
includes an L-DNA or a 2'-5' nucleotide in position 5, 6 or 7
(5'>3'). In other embodiments the antisense strand further
includes a ribonucleotide which generates a 2'5' internucleotide
linkage in between the ribonucleotides in positions 5-6 or 6-7
(5'>3')
In additional embodiments N1-(N)x further includes Z wherein Z
includes a non-nucleotide overhang. In some embodiments the
non-nucleotide overhang is C3-C3 [1,3-propanediol mono(dihydrogen
phosphate)]2.
In some embodiments of Structure A2, (N)y includes at least one
L-DNA moiety. In some embodiments x=y=18 and (N')y consists of
unmodified ribonucleotides at positions 1-16 and 18 and one L-DNA
at the 3' penultimate position (position 17). In other embodiments
x=y=18 and (N')y consists of unmodified ribonucleotides at position
1-15 and 18 and two consecutive L-DNA at the 3' penultimate
position (positions 16 and 17). In various embodiments the
unconventional moiety is a nucleotide joined to an adjacent
nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide phosphate linkage. According
to various embodiments (N')y includes 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 consecutive
ribonucleotides at the 3' terminus linked by 2'-5' internucleotide
linkages. In one embodiment, four consecutive nucleotides at the 3'
terminus of (N')y are joined by three 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds,
wherein one or more of the 2'-5' nucleotides which form the 2'-5'
phosphodiester bonds further includes a 3'-O-methyl (3'OMe) sugar
modification. Preferably the 3' terminal nucleotide of (N')y
includes a 2'OMe sugar modification. In certain embodiments x=y=18
and in (N')y two or more consecutive nucleotides at positions 14,
15, 16, 17, and 18 include a nucleotide joined to an adjacent
nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond. In various embodiments
the nucleotide forming the 2'-5' internucleotide bond includes a 3'
deoxyribose nucleotide or a 3' methoxy nucleotide. In some
embodiments x=y=18 and (N')y includes nucleotides joined to the
adjacent nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond between
positions 15-16, 16-17 and 17-18 or between positions 16-17 and
17-18. In some embodiments x=y=18 and (N')y includes nucleotides
joined to the adjacent nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond
between positions 14-15, 15-16, 16-17, and 17-18 or between
positions 15-16, 16-17, and 17-18 or between positions 16-17 and
17-18 or between positions 17-18 or between positions 15-16 and
17-18. In other embodiments the pyrimidine ribonucleotides (rU, rC)
in (N')y are substituted with nucleotides joined to the adjacent
nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide bond.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the oligonucleotide pairs set forth in Table A-18 and
identified herein as SERPINH1.sub.--2 (SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127),
SERPINH1.sub.--6 (SEQ ID NOS: 63 and 130), SERPINH1.sub.--45a (SEQ
ID NOS: 98 and 165), SERPINH1.sub.--51 (SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 168)
and SERPINH1.sub.--51a (SEQ ID NOS: 105 and 172).
In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic acid molecule
includes the antisense strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:127 and sense
strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:60; identified herein as
SERPINH1.sub.--2. In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic
acid molecule has the structure
##STR00001## wherein each "|" represents base pairing between the
ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G, U is independently an
unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an unconventional moiety;
wherein each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if
present is independently 1-5 consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
and wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a
capping moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of
N2-(N')y.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes one
or more 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidines and or purines, a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 5, 6, 7 or 8, and a 3' terminal
nucleotide or non-nucleotide overhang. In some embodiments the
sense strand (SEQ ID NO:60) includes 4 or 5 consecutive 2'5'
nucleotides at the 3' terminal or penultimate positions, a
nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3'
terminus and a cap moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus.
In other embodiments the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:60) includes one
or more 2'OMe primidine, a nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus and a cap moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3,
5, 9, 11, 15, 17 and 19, a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7, and
a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the
sense strand (SEQ ID NO:60) is selected from a sense strand which
includes
a) 2'-5' ribonucleotides at positions 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, a C3OH
3' terminal non-nucleotide overhang; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
or
b) 2'-5' ribonucleotides at positions 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, a 3'
terminal phosphate; and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus; or
c) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 5,
7, 13, and 16; a 2'5' ribonucleotide at position 18; a C3-OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
or d) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3')
7, 13, 16 and 18; a 2'5' ribonucleotide at position 9; a C3OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; or e) 2'-5' ribonucleotides at positions 15, 16, 17, 18,
and 19: a C3-Pi moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and
an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached
at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19,
a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:60) includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides at positions 15, 16, 17,
18, and 19: a C3 3' terminal overhang; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19,
a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH, 3' terminal
overhang; and the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:60) includes 2'-5'
ribonucleotides at positions 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19: a 3' terminal
phosphate; and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19,
a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:60) includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at
positions (5'>3') 5, 7, 13, and 16; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at
position 18; a C3-OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus;
and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19,
a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:60) includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at
positions (5'>3') 7, 13, 16 and 18; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at
position 9; a C3-OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus;
and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19,
a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:60) includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides at positions 15, 16, 17,
18, and 19: a C3-Pi moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus;
and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
In some embodiments provided herein is a double stranded nucleic
acid molecule wherein the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1, 3,
5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and a C3-C3 3' terminal overhang; and the
sense strand (SEQ ID NO:60) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 7, 9, 13, 16 and 18; and an
inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus.
In some embodiments provided herein is a double stranded nucleic
acid molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:60) includes
2'-5' ribonucleotides at positions 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19: a 3'
terminal phosphate and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus and the antisense
strand (SEQ ID NO:127) includes an antisense strand selected from
one of
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached to the 3' terminus; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached to the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided herein is a double stranded nucleic
acid molecule which includes the antisense strand set forth in SEQ
ID NO:130 and the sense strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:63;
identified herein as SERPINH1.sub.--6. In some embodiments the
duplex comprises the structure
##STR00002## wherein each "|" represents base pairing between the
ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G, U is independently an
unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an unconventional moiety;
wherein each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if
present is independently 1-5 consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
and wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a
capping moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of
N2-(N')y.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:63) includes one or
more 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidines; a 3' terminal nucleotide or
non-nucleotide overhang; and cap moiety covalently attached at the
5' terminus. In some embodiments the antisense strand (SEQ ID
NO:130) includes one or more 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidine, a
nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3'
terminus and a cap moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:63) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions (5'>3') 2, 14 and
18; a C3OH or C3Pi moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus;
and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID
NO:130) is selected from an antisense strand which includes
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7;
and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus;
or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7;
and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus;
or
c) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
5, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7; and
a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus; or
d) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
5, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a dU in position 1; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide
in position 7; and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3'
terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:63) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 2, 14 and
18; a C3-OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an
inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:130) includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3,
5, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and
a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a duplex oligonucleotide molecule
wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:63) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18 and
optionally in position 2; a C3-OH moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus; and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand
(SEQ ID NO:130) includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, and 17; a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide at position 7; and a C3:Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached to the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a duplex oligonucleotide molecule
wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:63) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18; a C3-OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:130) is selected from
an antisense strand which includes
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7;
and a C3Pi-C3Pi or C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3'
terminus; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7;
and a C3Pi-C3Pi or C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3'
terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:63) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18; a C3-OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:130) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11,
13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and a
C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:63) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18; a C3-OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:130) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12,
13, and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and a C3Pi-C3OH
3' terminal overhang.
In some embodiments the duplex includes the antisense strand set
forth in SEQ ID NO:165 and sense strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:98;
identified herein as SERPINH1.sub.--45a. In some embodiments the
duplex comprises the structure
##STR00003## wherein each "|" represents base pairing between the
ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G, U is independently an
unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an unconventional moiety;
wherein each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if
present is independently 1-5 consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
and wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a
capping moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of
N2-(N')y.
In some embodiments the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:98) includes 2'-5'
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 15, 16, 17, and 18 or 15,
16, 17, 18, and 19: a nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus, and a cap moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus. In some embodiments the antisense
strand (SEQ ID NO:165) includes 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidine and
or purines, a 2'-5' nucleotide in position 5, 6, 7, or 8
(5'>3'); and a nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:98) includes 2'-5'
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19: a
C3Pi or C3-OH 3' terminal non-nucleotide moiety and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:165) includes an
antisense strand selected from one of
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 2,
4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position
7 and a C3Pi-C3Pi or C3Pi-C3OH 3' terminal overhang; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 2,
4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 and a C3Pi-C3Pi or C3Pi-C3OH 3'
terminal overhang;
c) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position
7 and a C3Pi-C3Pi or C3Pi-C3OH 3' terminal overhang; or
d) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 and a C3Pi-C3Pi or C3Pi-C3OH 3'
terminal overhang.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:98) includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19: a C3-OH 3' terminal
moiety and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID
NO:165) includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions
(5'>3') 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19; a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 7 and a C3Pi-COH 3' terminal
overhang.
In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic acid molecule
includes the antisense strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:168 and sense
strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:101; identified herein as
SERPINH1.sub.--51. In some embodiments the duplex comprises the
structure
##STR00004## wherein each "|" represents base pairing between the
ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G, U is independently an
unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an unconventional moiety;
wherein each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if
present is independently 1-5 consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
and wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a
capping moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of
N2-(N')y.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:101) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified pyrimidines, optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in
position 9 or 10; a nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus and optionally a cap moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus. In some embodiments the antisense
strand (SEQ ID NO:168) includes 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidine and
or purines, a 2'-5' nucleotide in position 5, 6, 7, or 8
(5'>3'); and a nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:101) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified pyrimidines in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and
17, optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 9 or 10, a C3Pi
or C3OH non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3'
terminus and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand
(SEQ ID NO:168) is selected from an antisense strand which
includes
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
8, and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6 or 7; a C3Pi-C3OH
overhang covalently attached at the 3' terminus; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
4, 8, 13 and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6 or 7; a
C3Pi-C3OH overhang covalently attached at the 3' terminus; or
c) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
4, 8, 11 and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH
overhang covalently attached at the 3' terminus; or
d) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 8, 12, 13, and 15; a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a
C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:101) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17,
optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3-OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:168) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 8, and
15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:101) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17,
optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3-OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:168) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 4, 8, 13
and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:101) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17, a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3OH non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:168) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 4, 8, 11 and
15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:101) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17, a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3OH non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:168) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 8, 12, 13,
and 15; a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic acid molecule
includes the antisense strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:172 and sense
strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:105; identified herein as
SERPINH1.sub.--51a. In some embodiments the duplex comprises the
structure
##STR00005## wherein each "|" represents base pairing between the
ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G and U is independently an
unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an unconventional moiety;
wherein each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if
present is independently 1-5 consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
and wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a
capping moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of the sense
strand.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:105) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified pyrimidines, optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in
position 9 or 10; a nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus and optionally a cap moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus. In some embodiments the antisense
strand (SEQ ID NO:172) includes 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidine and
or purines, a 2'-5' nucleotide in position 5, 6, 7, or 8
(5'>3'); and a nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:105) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified pyrimidines in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and
17, optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 9 or 10, a C3Pi
or C3OH non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3'
terminus and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand
(SEQ ID NO:172) is selected from an antisense strand which
includes
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 8,
and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6 or 7; a C3Pi-C3OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4,
8, 13 and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6 or 7; a C3Pi-C3OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; or
c) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4,
8, 11 and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; or
d) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
8, 12, 13, and 15; a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:105) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17,
optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3-OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:172) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3').sub.8, and
15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:105) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17,
optionally a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3-OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:172) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 8, 13 and
15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:105) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17, a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3-OH non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:172) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 8, 11 and 15, a
2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:105) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17, a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 9, a C3OH non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:172) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3'') 3, 8, 12, 13, and
15; a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments the antisense and sense strands are selected
from the oligonucleotide pairs set forth in Table A-19 and
identified herein as SERPINH1.sub.--4 (SEQ ID NOS: 195 and 220) and
SERPINH1.sub.--12 (SEQ ID NOS: 196 and 221).
In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic acid molecule
includes the antisense strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:220 and sense
strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:194; identified herein as
SERPINH1.sub.--4. In some embodiments the double stranded nucleic
acid molecule has the structure
##STR00006## wherein each "|" represents base pairing between the
ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G, U is independently an
unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an unconventional moiety;
wherein each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if
present is independently 1-5 consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
and wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a
capping moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of
N2-(N')y.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3, 5,
9, 11, 15, 17 and 19, a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7, and a
C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the
sense strand (SEQ ID NO:195) is selected from a sense strand which
includes
a) 2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, a C3OH
moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; or
b) 2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, a 3'
terminal phosphate; and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus; or
c) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 5,
7, 13, and 16; a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 18; a C3OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
or d) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3')
7, 13, 16 and 18; a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 9; a C3OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; or e) 2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17, 18,
and 19: a C3Pi moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and
an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached
at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, a
2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:195) includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17,
18, and 19: a C3 moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and
an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached
at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, a
2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:195) includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17,
18, and 19: a 3' terminal phosphate; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, a
2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:195) includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 5, 7, 13, and 16; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in
position 18; a C3OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus;
and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, a
2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety
covalently attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ
ID NO:195) includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 7, 13, 16 and 18; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in
position 9; a C3OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus;
and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 5' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, a
ribonucleotide in position 7 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:195)
includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19:
a C3Pi moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an
inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus.
In some embodiments provided herein is a double stranded nucleic
acid molecule wherein the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3,
5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached
to the 3' terminus; and the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:195) includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 7, 9,
13, 16 and 18; and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus.
In some embodiments provided herein is a double stranded nucleic
acid molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:195) includes
2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19: a 3'
terminal phosphate and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus and the antisense
strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes an antisense strand selected from
one of
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached to the 3' terminus; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1,
3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18 and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached to the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided herein is a double stranded nucleic
acid molecule which includes the antisense strand set forth in SEQ
ID NO:130 and the sense strand set forth in SEQ ID NO:63;
identified herein as SERPINH1.sub.--12. In some embodiments the
duplex comprises the structure
##STR00007## wherein each "|" represents base pairing between the
ribonucleotides; wherein each of A, C, G, U is independently an
unmodified or modified ribonucleotide, or an unconventional moiety;
wherein each of Z and Z' is independently present or absent, but if
present is independently 1-consecutive nucleotides or
non-nucleotide moieties or a combination thereof covalently
attached at the 3' terminus of the strand in which it is present;
and wherein z'' may be present or absent, but if present is a
capping moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus of
N2-(N')y.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:196) includes one or
more 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidines; a 3' terminal nucleotide or
non-nucleotide overhang; and a cap moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus. In some embodiments the antisense strand (SEQ ID
NO:221) includes one or more 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidines, a
nucleotide or non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3'
terminus, and a cap moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:196) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 2, 14 and
18; a C3OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an
inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:221) is
selected from an antisense strand which includes
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
5, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and
a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
5, 7, 9, 12, 13 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and a
C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:196) includes 2'OMe
sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 2, 14 and
18; a C3-OH moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an
inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:221) includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3, 5,
9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a ribonucleotide in position 7; and a
C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a duplex oligonucleotide molecule
wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:196) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18 and
optionally in position 2; a C3-OH moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus; and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand
(SEQ ID NO:221) includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, and 17; a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 7; and a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently
attached to the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments provided is a duplex oligonucleotide molecule
wherein the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:196) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18; a C3-OH
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:221) is selected from
an antisense strand which includes
a) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
5, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and
a C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus; or
b) 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 3,
5, 7, 9, 12, 13 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and a
C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:196) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18; a C3-OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11,
13, 15 and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and a
C3Pi-C3OH moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus.
Provided herein is a double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein
the sense strand (SEQ ID NO:196) includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 14 and 18; a C3-OH moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand (SEQ ID NO:220) includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12,
13, and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7; and a C3Pi-C3OH
moiety covalently attached to the 3' terminus.
In further embodiments of Structures A1 and A2 (N')y includes 1-8
modified ribonucleotides wherein the modified ribonucleotide is a
DNA nucleotide. In certain embodiments (N')y includes 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, or up to 8 DNA moieties.
In some embodiments either Z or Z' is present and independently
includes two non-nucleotide moieties.
In additional embodiments Z and Z' are present and each
independently includes two non-nucleotide moieties.
In some embodiments each of Z and Z' includes an abasic moiety, for
example a deoxyriboabasic moiety (referred to herein as "dAb") or
riboabasic moiety (referred to herein as "rAb"). In some
embodiments each of Z and/or Z' includes two covalently linked
abasic moieties and is for example dAb-dAb or rAb-rAb or dAb-rAb or
rAb-dAb, wherein each moiety is covalently attached to an adjacent
moiety, preferably via a phospho-based bond. In some embodiments
the phospho-based bond includes a phosphorothioate, a
phosphonoacetate or a phosphodiester bond. In preferred embodiments
the phospho-based bond includes a phosphodiester bond.
In some embodiments each of Z and/or Z' independently includes an
alkyl moiety, optionally propane [(CH2)3] moiety (C3) or a
derivative thereof including propanol (C3-OH) and phospho
derivative of propanediol ("C3-3'Pi"). In some embodiments each of
Z and/or Z' includes two alkyl moieties covalently linked to the 3'
terminus of the antisense strand or sense strand via a
phosphodiester or phosphorothioate linkage and covalently linked to
one another via a phosphodiester or phosphorothioate linkage and in
some examples is C3Pi-C3Pi or C3Pi-C3OH. The 3' terminus of the
antisense strand and/or the 3' terminus of the sense strand is
covalently attached to a C3 moiety via a phospho-based bond and the
C3 moiety is covalently conjugated a C3-OH moiety via a
phospho-based bond. In some embodiments the phospho-based bonds
include a phosphorothioate, a phosphonoacetate or a phosphodiester
bond. In preferred embodiments the phospho-based bond includes a
phosphodiester bond.
In various embodiments of Structure A1 or Structure A2, Z and Z'
are absent. In other embodiments Z or Z' is present. In some
embodiments each of Z and/or Z' independently includes a C2, C3,
C4, C5 or C6 alkyl moiety, optionally a C3 [propane,
--(CH2).sub.3-] moiety or a derivative thereof including propanol
(C3-OH/C3OH), propanediol, and phosphodiester derivative of
propanediol ("C3Pi"). In preferred embodiments each of Z and/or Z'
includes two hydrocarbon moieties and in some examples is C3Pi-C3OH
or C3Pi-C3Pi, Each C3 is covalently conjugated to an adjacent C3
via a covalent bond, preferably a phospho-based bond. In some
embodiments the phospho-based bond is a phosphorothioate, a
phosphonoacetate or a phosphodiester bond.
In specific embodiments x=y=19 and Z comprises at least one C3
alkyl overhang. In some embodiments the C3-C3 overhang is
covalently attached to the 3' terminus of (N)x or (N')y via a
covalent linkage, preferably a phosphodiester linkage. In some
embodiments the linkage between a first C3 and a second C3 is a
phosphodiester linkage. In some embodiments the 3' non-nucleotide
overhang is C3Pi-C3Pi. In some embodiments the 3' non-nucleotide
overhang is C3Pi-C3Ps. In some embodiments the 3' non-nucleotide
overhang is C3Pi-C3OH (OH is hydroxy). In some embodiments the 3'
non-nucleotide overhang is C3Pi-C3OH.
In various embodiments the alkyl moiety comprises an alkyl
derivative including a C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl or C6 alkyl
moiety comprising a terminal hydroxyl, a terminal amino, or
terminal phosphate group. In some embodiments the alkyl moiety is a
C3 alkyl or C3 alkyl derivative moiety. In some embodiments the C3
alkyl moiety comprises propanol, propylphosphate,
propylphosphorothioate or a combination thereof. The C3 alkyl
moiety is covalently linked to the 3' terminus of (N')y and/or the
3' terminus of (N)x via a phosphodiester bond. In some embodiments
the alkyl moiety comprises propanol, propyl phosphate or propyl
phosphorothioate. In some embodiments each of Z and Z' is
independently selected from propanol, propyl phosphate propyl
phosphorothioate, combinations thereof or multiples thereof in
particular 2 or 3 covalently linked propanol, propyl phosphate,
propyl phosphorothioate or combinations thereof. In some
embodiments each of Z and Z' is independently selected from propyl
phosphate, propyl phosphorothioate, propyl phospho-propanol; propyl
phospho-propyl phosphorothioate; propylphospho-propyl phosphate;
(propyl phosphate).sub.3, (propyl phosphate).sub.2-propanol,
(propyl phosphate).sub.2-propyl phosphorothioate. Any propane or
propanol conjugated moiety can be included in Z or Z'.
The structures of exemplary 3' terminal non-nucleotide moieties are
as follows:
##STR00008##
In some embodiments each of Z and Z' is independently selected from
propanol, propyl phosphate, propyl phosphorothioate, combinations
thereof or multiples thereof.
In some embodiments each of Z and Z' is independently selected from
propyl phosphate, propyl phosphorothioate, propyl phospho-propanol;
propyl phospho-propyl phosphorothioate; propylphospho-propyl
phosphate; (propyl phosphate)3, (propyl phosphate)2-propanol,
(propyl phosphate)2-propyl phosphorothioate. Any propane or
propanol conjugated moiety can be included in Z or Z'.
In additional embodiments each of Z and/or Z' includes a
combination of an abasic moiety and an unmodified
deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide or a combination of a
hydrocarbon moiety and an unmodified deoxyribonucleotide or
ribonucleotide or a combination of an abasic moiety (deoxyribo or
ribo) and a hydrocarbon moiety. In such embodiments, each of Z
and/or Z' includes C3-rAb or C3-dAb wherein each moiety is
covalently bond to the adjacent moiety vi a phospho-based bond,
preferably a phosphodiester, phosphorothioate or phosphonoacetate
bond.
In certain embodiments nucleic acid molecules as disclosed herein
include a sense oligonucleotide sequence selected from any one of
Oligo #s 2-67 or 68-92, shown infra in Tables A-18 and A-19,
respectfully.
In certain preferred embodiments compounds provided include
Compound.sub.--1, Compound.sub.--2, Compound.sub.--3,
Compound.sub.--4, Compound.sub.--5, Compound.sub.--6,
Compound.sub.--7, Compound.sub.--8 and Compound.sub.--9 as
described herein.
In some embodiments (such as, for example, Compound.sub.--1,
Compound.sub.--5 and Compound.sub.--6 as described herein) provided
are 19 mer double stranded nucleic acid molecules wherein the
antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:127 and the sense strand is SEQ ID
NO:60. In certain embodiments, provided are 19 mer double stranded
nucleic acid molecules wherein the antisense strand is SEQ ID
NO:127 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides, a
ribonucleotide in at least one of positions 1, 5, 6, or 7, and a 3'
terminal non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached to the 3'
terminus; and the sense strand is SEQ ID NO:60 and includes at
least one 2'5' ribonucleotide or 2'OMe modified ribonucleotide, a
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus and a
cap moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus. In some
embodiments, provided are 19 mer double stranded nucleic acid
molecule wherein the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:127 and includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides at positions 3, 5, 9, 11, 13,
15, 17, and 19 (5'>3'), a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7,
and a 3' terminal C3OH non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at
the 3' terminus; and the sense strand is SEQ ID NO:60 and includes
5 consecutive 2'5' ribonucleotides in the 3' terminal positions 15,
16, 17, 18, and 19 (5'>3'), a C3Pi non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted abasic
moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus.
In one embodiment provided is Compound.sub.--1 that is a 19 mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein the antisense strand
is SEQ ID NO:127 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides
at positions 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 (5'>3'), a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 7, and a C3Pi-C3OH non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and the sense strand is SEQ
ID NO:60 and includes 5 consecutive 2'5' ribonucleotides in the 3'
terminal positions 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 (5'>3'), a C3Pi
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an
inverted abasic moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and
that further includes a 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotide at
position 1 of the antisense strand.
In one embodiment, provided is Compound.sub.--6 that is a 19 mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein the antisense strand
is SEQ ID NO:127 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides
at positions 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 (5'>3'), a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 7, and a C3Pi-C3OH non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and the sense strand is SEQ
ID NO:60 and includes 5 consecutive 2'5' ribonucleotides in the 3'
terminal positions 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 (5'>3'), a C3Pi
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an
inverted abasic moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and
that further includes a 2'5' ribonucleotide at position 1 of the
antisense strand.
In one embodiment, provided is Compound.sub.--5 that is a 19 mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein the antisense strand
is SEQ ID NO:127 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides
in positions 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 (5'>3'), a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in position 7, and a C3Pi-C3OH non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and the sense strand is SEQ
ID NO:60 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 7, 13, 16 and 18, a 2'5' ribonucleotide at
position 9, a C3OH non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus and an inverted abasic moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus.
In some embodiments (such as, for example, Compound.sub.--2, and
Compound.sub.--7 as described herein) provided are 19 mer double
stranded nucleic acid molecules wherein the sense strand is SEQ ID
NO:63 and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:130. In some
embodiments provided are 19-mer double stranded nucleic acid
molecules wherein the sense strand is SEQ ID NO:63 and includes
2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidine ribonucleotides; a non-nucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus; and a cap moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand is
SEQ ID NO:130 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides; a
2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7; and a non-nucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 3' terminus. In some embodiments
provided are 19-mer double stranded nucleic acid molecules wherein
the sense strand is SEQ ID NO:63 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides, a non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus, and a cap moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:130 and includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides; a ribonucleotide in at least
one of positions 5, 6 or 7; and a non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus.
In one embodiment, provided is Compound.sub.--2 that is a 19-mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein the sense strand is
SEQ ID NO:63 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 2, 14 and 18; a C3OH moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:130 and includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 12,
13, and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in at least one of positions 5,
6 or 7; and C3Pi-C3OH non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at
the 3' terminus.
In one embodiment, provided is Compound.sub.--7 that is a 19-mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein the sense strand is
SEQ ID NO:63 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 2, 14 and 18; a C3OH moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus; and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:130 and includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 3, 5, 9, 11,
13, and 17; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide at position 7; and a C3Pi-C3OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments (such as, for example, Compound.sub.--3 as
described herein) provided are 19 mer double stranded nucleic acid
molecules wherein the sense strand is SEQ ID NO:98 and the
antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:165. In some embodiments, provided
are 19-mer double stranded nucleic acid molecules wherein the sense
strand is SEQ ID NO:98 and includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides in
positions at the 3' terminus: a non-nucleotide moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus and a cap moiety covalently attached at
the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:165 and
includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides; a 2'-5'
ribonucleotide in at least one of positions 5, 6 or 7 and a
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus. In
one embodiment, provided is Compound.sub.--3 that is a 19-mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein the sense strand is
SEQ ID NO:98 and includes 2'-5' ribonucleotides in positions
(5'>3') 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19: a C3-OH 3' moiety covalently
attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted abasic
deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus;
and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:165 and includes 2'OMe sugar
modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 2, 4, 6, 8, 11,
13, 15, 17, and 19; a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in position 7 and a
C3Pi-C3OH covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
In some embodiments (such as, for example, Compound.sub.--4,
Compound.sub.--8 and Compound.sub.--9 described herein) provided
are 19-mer double stranded nucleic acid molecules wherein the sense
strand is SEQ ID NO:101 and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:168.
In some embodiments provided are 19-mer double stranded nucleic
acid molecules wherein the sense strand is SEQ ID NO:101 and
includes 2'OMe sugar modified pyrimidine ribonucleotides, an
optional ribonucleotide in one of position 9 or 10, a
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus and a
cap moiety covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and the
antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:168 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified
ribonucleotides, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in at least one of positions
5, 6, or 7; and a non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus.
In one embodiment, provided is Compound 4 that is a 19-mer double
stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein sense strand is SEQ ID
NO:101 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17, a 2'-5' ribonucleotide in
position 9, a C3OH non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the
3' terminus and an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety
covalently attached at the 5' terminus; and the antisense strand is
SEQ ID NO:168 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 1, 4, 8, 11 and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in
position 6; a 3' C3Pi-C3OH overhang covalently attached at the 3'
terminus.
In one embodiment, provided is Compound.sub.--8 that is a 19-mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein sense strand is SEQ
ID NO:101 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 4, 11, 13, and 17, a C3OH non-nucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:168 and includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 4,
8, 13 and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; and a 3'
C3Pi-C3OH overhang covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
In one embodiment, provided is Compound.sub.--9 that is a 19-mer
double stranded nucleic acid molecule wherein the sense strand is
SEQ ID NO:101 and includes 2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in
positions (5'>3') 2, 4, 11, 13, and 17, a C3OH non-nucleotide
moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus and an inverted
abasic deoxyribonucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 5'
terminus; and the antisense strand is SEQ ID NO:168 and includes
2'OMe sugar modified ribonucleotides in positions (5'>3') 1, 4,
8, 11 and 15, a 2'5' ribonucleotide in position 6; a 3' C3Pi-C3OH
non-nucleotide moiety covalently attached at the 3' terminus.
In another aspect, provided are methods for reducing the expression
of hsp47 in a cell by introducing into a cell a nucleic acid
molecule as provided herein in an amount sufficient to reduce
expression of hsp47. In one embodiment, the cell is hepatocellular
stellate cell. In another embodiment, the cell is a stellate cell
in renal or pulmonary tissue. In certain embodiments, the method is
performed in vitro, in other embodiments, the method is performed
in vivo.
In yet another aspect, provided are methods for treating an
individual suffering from a disease associated with hsp47. The
methods include administering to the individual a nucleic acid
molecule such as provided herein in an amount sufficient to reduce
expression of hsp47. In certain embodiments the disease associated
with hsp47 is a disease selected from the group consisting of liver
fibrosis, cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis including lung fibrosis
(including ILF), any condition causing kidney fibrosis (e.g., CKD
including ESRD), peritoneal fibrosis, chronic hepatic damage,
fibrillogenesis, fibrotic diseases in other organs, abnormal
scarring (keloids) associated with all possible types of skin
injury accidental and jatrogenic (operations); scleroderma;
cardiofibrosis, failure of glaucoma filtering operation; and
intestinal adhesions. In some embodiments, the compounds may be
useful in treating organ-specific indications, for example
indications including those shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 2 Organ Indication Skin Pathologic scarring as
keloid and hypertrophic scar Surgical scarring Injury scarring
keloid, or nephrogenic fibrosing dermatopathy Peritoneum Peritoneal
fibrosis Adhesions Peritoneal Sclerosis associated with continual
ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) Liver Cirrhosis including
post-hepatitis C cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis Liver
fibrosis, e.g. Prevention of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C carriers
schistomasomiasis cholangitis Liver cirrhosis due to Hepatitis C
post liver transplant or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Pancreas inter(peri)lobular fibrosis (as in alcoholic chronic
pancreatitis), periductal fibrosis (as in hereditary pancreatitis),
periductal and interlobular fibrosis (as in autoimmune
pancreatitis), diffuse inter- and intralobular fibrosis (as in
obstructive chronic pancreatitis) Kidney Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD) of any etiology. Treatment of early stage CKD (elevated SCr)
in diabetic patients ("prevent" further deterioration in renal
function) kidney fibrosis associated with lupus
glomeruloschelerosis Diabetic Nephropathy Heart Congestive heart
failure, Endomyocardial fibrosis, cardiofibrosis fibrosis
associated with myocardial infarction Lung Asthma, Idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); Interstitial lung fibrosis (ILF)
Radiation Pneumonitis leading to Pulmonary Fibrosis (e.g. due to
cancer treating radiation) Bone marrow Myeloproliferative
disorders: Myelofibrosis (MF), Polycythemia vera (PV), Essential
thrombocythemia (ET) idiopathic myelofibrosis drug induced
myelofibrosis. Eye Anterior segment: Corneal opacification e,g,
following inherited dystrophies, herpetic keratitis or pterygia;
Glaucoma Posterior segment fibrosis and traction retinal
detachment, a complication of advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR);
Fibrovascular scarring and gliosis in the retina; Under the retina
fibrosis for example subsequent to subretinal hemorrhage associated
with neovascular AMD Retro-orbital fibrosis, postcataract surgery,
proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Intestine Intestinal fibrosis, Crohn's disease Vocal cord Vocal
cord scarring, vocal cord mucosal fibrosis, laryngeal fibrosis
Vasculature Atherosclerosis, postangioplasty arterial restenosis
Multisystemic Scleroderma systemic sclerosis; multifocal
fibrosclerosis; sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease in bone
marrow transplant recipients, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
(exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), 30% of MRIs)
Malignancies of Metastatic and invasive cancer by inhibiting
function of activated tumor various origin associated
myofibroblasts
In some embodiments the preferred indications include, Liver
cirrhosis due to Hepatitis C post liver transplant; Liver cirrhosis
due to\ Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH); Idiopathic Pulmonary
Fibrosis; Radiation Pneumonitis leading to Pulmonary Fibrosis;
Diabetic Nephropathy; Peritoneal Sclerosis associated with
continual ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and Ocular
cicatricial pemphigoid.
Fibrotic Liver indications include Alcoholic Cirrhosis, Hepatitis B
cirrhosis, Hepatitis C cirrhosis, Hepatitis C (Hep C) cirrhosis
post orthotopic liver transplant (OLTX), NASH/NAFLD, Primary
biliary cirrhosis (PBC), Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC),
Biliary atresia, alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD), Copper
storage diseases (Wilson's disease), Fructosemia, Galactosemia,
Glycogen storage diseases (especially types III, IV, VI, IX, and
X), Iron-overload syndromes (hemochromatosis), Lipid abnormalities
(e.g., Gaucher's disease). Peroxisomal disorders (eg, Zellweger
syndrome), Tyrosinemia, Congenital hepatic fibrosis, Bacterial
Infections (eg, brucellosis), Parasitic (eg, echinococcosis),
Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic veno-occlusive disease).
Pulmonary Indications indications include Idiopathic Pulmonary
Fibrosis, Silicosis, Pneumoconiosis, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in
newborn following neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,
Bleomycin/chemo lung injury, Brochiolitis Obliterans (BOS) post
lung transplant, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD),
Cystic Fibrosis, Asthma.
Cardiac indications include Cardiomyopathy, Atherosclerosis
(Bergers disease, etc), Endomyocardial fibrosis, Atrial
Fibrillation, Scarring post Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Other Thoracic indications include Radiation-induced capsule tissue
reactions around textured breast implants and Oral submucosal
fibrosis.
Renal indications include Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney
Disease (ADPKD), Diabetic nephropathy (diabetic
glomerulosclerosis), FSGS (collapsing vs, other histologic
variants), IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease), Lupus Nephritis,
Wegner's, Scleroderma, Goodpasture Syndrome, tubulointerstitial
fibrosis: drug induced (protective) pencillins, cephalosporins,
analgesic nephropathy, Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(MPGN), Henoch-Schonlein Purpura, Congenital nephropathies:
Medullary Cystic Disease, Nail-Patella Syndrome and Alport
Syndrome.
Bone Marrow indications include lympangiolyomyositosis (LAM),
Chronic graft vs. host disease, Polycythemia vera, Essential
thrombocythemia, Myelofibrosis.
Ocular indications include Retinopathy of Prematurity (RoP), Ocular
cicatricial pemphigoid, Lacrimal gland fibrosis, Retinal attachment
surgery, Corneal opacity, Herpetic keratitis, Pterygia, Glaucoma,
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD/ARMD), Retinal fibrosis
associated Diabetes mellitus (DM) retinopathy
Gynecological indications include Endometriosis add on to hormonal
therapy for prevention of scarring, post STD
fibrosis/salphingitis,
Systemic indications include Dupuytren's disease, palmar
fibromatosis, Peyronie's disease, Ledderhose disease, keloids,
multifocal fibrosclerosis, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis,
nephrogenic myelofibrosis (anemia).
Injury Associated Fibrotic Diseases include Burn (chemical
included) induced skin & soft tissue scarring and contraction,
Radiation induce skin & organ scarring post cancer therapeutic
radiation treatment, Keloid (skin).
Surgical indications include peritoneal fibrosis post peritoneal
dialysis catheter, corneal implant, cochlear implant, other
implants, silicone implants in breasts, chronic sinusitis;
adhesions, pseudointimal hyperplasia of dialysis grafts.
Other indications include Chronic Pancreatitis.
In some embodiments provided is a method for treatment of a subject
suffering from liver fibrosis comprising administering to the
subject an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule disclosed
herein, thereby treating liver fibrosis. In some embodiments the
subject is suffering from cirrhosis of the liver due to hepatitis.
In some embodiments the subject is suffering from cirrhosis of the
liver due to NASH.
In some embodiments provided is the use of a nucleic acid molecule
disclosed herein for the manufacture of a medicament to treat liver
fibrosis. In some embodiments the liver fibrosis is due to
hepatitis. In some embodiments the liver fibrosis is due to
NASH.
In some embodiments provided is a method for remodeling of scar
tissue comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an
effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule disclosed herein,
thereby effecting scar tissue remodeling. In some embodiments the
scar tissue is in the liver. In some embodiments the subject is
suffering from cirrhosis of the liver due to hepatitis. In some
embodiments the subject is suffering from cirrhosis of the liver
due to NASH.
In some embodiments provided is a method for effecting fibrosis
regression comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an
effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule disclosed herein,
thereby effecting fibrosis regression.
In some embodiments provided is a method for reduction of scar
tissue in a subject comprising the step of administering to the
subject an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule disclosed
herein to reduce the scar tissue. In some embodiments provided is a
method for reducing scar tissue in a subject comprising the step of
topically applying to scar tissue an effective amount of a nucleic
acid molecule disclosed herein to reduce scar tissue.
In some embodiments provided is a method for improving the
appearance of scar tissue comprising the step of topically applying
to scar tissue an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule
disclosed herein to improve the appearance of the scar tissue.
In some embodiments provided is a method for treatment of a subject
suffering from lung fibrosis comprising administering to the
subject an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule disclosed
herein, thereby treating the lung fibrosis. In some embodiments the
subject is suffering from interstitial lung fibrosis (ILF). In some
embodiments the subject is suffering from Radiation Pneumonitis
leading to Pulmonary Fibrosis. In some embodiments the subject is
suffering from drug induced lung fibrosis.
In some embodiments provided is the use of a nucleic acid molecule
disclosed herein for the manufacture of a medicament to treat lung
fibrosis. In some embodiments the lung fibrosis is ILF. In some
embodiments the lung fibrosis drug- or radiatio-induced lung
fibrosis.
In one aspect, provided are pharmaceutical compositions that
include a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., an siNA molecule) as
described herein in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In
certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical formulation includes, or
involves, a delivery system suitable for delivering nucleic acid
molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) to an individual such as a
patient; for example delivery systems described in more detail
below.
In a related aspect, provided are compositions or kits that include
a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., an siNA molecule) packaged for use
by a patient. The package may be labeled or include a package label
or insert that indicates the content of the package and provides
certain information regarding how the nucleic acid molecule (e.g.,
an siNA molecule) should be or can be used by a patient, for
example the label may include dosing information and/or indications
for use. In certain embodiments the contents of the label will bear
a notice in a form prescribed by a government agency, for example
the United States Food and Drug administration. In certain
embodiments, the label may indicate that the nucleic acid molecule
(e.g., an siNA molecule) is suitable for use in treating a patient
suffering from a disease associated with hsp47; for example, the
label may indicate that the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., an siNA
molecule) is suitable for use in treating fibroids; or for example
the label may indicate that the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., an
siNA molecule) is suitable for use in treating a disease selected
from the group consisting of fibrosis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis,
pulmonary fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, chronic
hepatic damage, and fibrillogenesis,
As used herein, the term "heat shock protein 47" or "hsp47" or
"HSP47" are used interchangeably and refer to any heat shock
protein 47, peptide, or polypeptide having any hsp47 protein
activity. Heat shock protein 47 is a serine proteinase inhibitor
(serpin) also known, for example, as serpin peptidase inhibitor,
Glade H, member 1 (SERPINH1), SERPINH2, collagen binding protein 1
(CBP1), CBP2, gp46; arsenic-transactivated protein 3 (AsTP3);
HSP47; proliferation-inducing gene 14 (PIG14); PPROM; rheumatoid
arthritis antigen A-47 (RA-A47); colligin-1; and colligin-2. In
certain preferred embodiments, "hsp47" refers to human hsp47. Heat
shock protein 47 (or more particularly human hsp47) may have an
amino acid sequence that is the same, or substantially the same, as
SEQ ID NO. 2 (FIG. 7).
As used herein the term "nucleotide sequence encoding hsp47" means
a nucleotide sequence that codes for an hsp47 protein or portion
thereof. The term "nucleotide sequence encoding hsp47" is also
meant to include hsp47 coding sequences such as hsp47 isoforms,
mutant hsp47 genes, splice variants of hsp47 genes, and hsp47 gene
polymorphisms. A nucleic acid sequence encoding hsp47 includes mRNA
sequences encoding hsp47, which can also be referred to as "hsp47
mRNA." An exemplary sequence of human hsp47 mRNA is SEQ ID. NO.
1.
As used herein, the term "nucleic acid molecule" or "nucleic acid"
are used interchangeably and refer to an oligonucleotide,
nucleotide or polynucleotide. Variations of "nucleic acid molecule"
are described in more detail herein. A nucleic acid molecule
encompasses both modified nucleic acid molecules and unmodified
nucleic acid molecules as described herein. A nucleic acid molecule
may include deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified
nucleotides or nucleotide analogs in any combination.
As used herein, the term "nucleotide" refers to a chemical moiety
having a sugar (or an analog thereof, or a modified sugar), a
nucleotide base (or an analog thereof, or a modified base), and a
phosphate group (or analog thereof, or a modified phosphate group).
A nucleotide encompasses both modified nucleotides or unmodified
nucleotides as described herein. As used herein, nucleotides may
include deoxyribonucleotides (e.g., unmodified
deoxyribonucleotides), ribonucleotides (e.g., unmodified
ribonucleotides), and modified nucleotide analogs including, inter
alia, locked nucleic acids and unlocked nucleic acids, peptide
nucleic acids, L-nucleotides (also referred to as mirror
nucleotides), ethylene-bridged nucleic acid (ENA), arabinoside,
PACE, nucleotides with a 6 carbon sugar, as well as nucleotide
analogs (including abasic nucleotides) often considered to be
non-nucleotides. In some embodiments, nucleotides may be modified
in the sugar, nucleotide base and/or in the phosphate group with
any modification known in the art, such as modifications described
herein. A "polynucleotide" or "oligonucleotide" as used herein
refer to a chain of linked nucleotides; polynucleotides and
oligonucleotides may likewise have modifications in the nucleotide
sugar, nucleotide bases and phosphate backbones as are well known
in the art and/or are disclosed herein.
As used herein, the term "short interfering nucleic acid", "siNA",
or "short interfering nucleic acid molecule" refers to any nucleic
acid molecule capable of modulating gene expression or viral
replication. Preferably siNA inhibits or down regulates gene
expression or viral replication. siNA includes without limitation
nucleic acid molecules that are capable of mediating sequence
specific RNAi, for example short interfering RNA (siRNA),
double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), short hairpin RNA
(shRNA), short interfering oligonucleotide, short interfering
nucleic acid, short interfering modified oligonucleotide,
chemically-modified siRNA, post-transcriptional gene silencing RNA
(ptgsRNA), and others. As used herein, "short interfering nucleic
acid", "siNA", or "short interfering nucleic acid molecule" has the
meaning described in more detail elsewhere herein.
As used herein, the term "complementary" means that a nucleic acid
can form hydrogen bond(s) with another nucleic acid sequence by
either traditional Watson-Crick or other non-traditional types. In
reference to the nucleic molecules disclosed herein, the binding
free energy for a nucleic acid molecule with its complementary
sequence is sufficient to allow the relevant function of the
nucleic acid to proceed, e.g., RNAi activity. Determination of
binding free energies for nucleic acid molecules is well known in
the art (see, e.g., Turner et al., 1987, CSH Symp. Quant. Biol. LII
pp. 123-133; Frier et al., 1986, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
83:9373-9377; Turner et al., 1987, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
109:3783-3785). A percent complementarity indicates the percentage
of contiguous residues in a nucleic acid molecule that can form
hydrogen bonds (e.g., Watson-Crick base pairing) with a second
nucleic acid sequence (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleotides out
of a total of 10 nucleotides in the first oligonucleotide being
based paired to a second nucleic acid sequence having 10
nucleotides represents 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%
complementary respectively). "Fully complementary" means that all
the contiguous residues of a nucleic acid sequence will hydrogen
bond with the same number of contiguous residues in a second
nucleic acid sequence. In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule
disclosed herein includes about 15 to about 35 or more (e.g., about
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34 or 35 or more) nucleotides that are complementary to one
or more target nucleic acid molecules or a portion thereof.
As used herein, the term "sense region" refers to a nucleotide
sequence of a siNA molecule complementary (partially or fully) to
an antisense region of the siNA molecule. The sense strand of a
siNA molecule can include a nucleic acid sequence having homology
with a target nucleic acid sequence. As used herein, "sense strand"
refers to nucleic acid molecule that includes a sense region and
may also include additional nucleotides.
As used herein, the term "antisense region" refers to a nucleotide
sequence of a siNA molecule complementary (partially or fully) to a
target nucleic acid sequence. The antisense strand of a siNA
molecule can optionally include a nucleic acid sequence
complementary to a sense region of the siNA molecule. As used
herein, "antisense strand" refers to nucleic acid molecule that
includes an antisense region and may also include additional
nucleotides.
As used herein, the term "RNA" refers to a molecule that includes
at least one ribonucleotide residue.
As used herein, the term "duplex region" refers to the region in
two complementary or substantially complementary oligonucleotides
that form base pairs with one another, either by Watson-Crick base
pairing or any other manner that allows for a duplex between
oligonucleotide strands that are complementary or substantially
complementary. For example, an oligonucleotide strand having 21
nucleotide units can base pair with another oligonucleotide of 21
nucleotide units, yet only 19 bases on each strand are
complementary or substantially complementary, such that the "duplex
region" consists of 19 base pairs. The remaining base pairs may,
for example, exist as 5' and 3' overhangs. Further, within the
duplex region, 100% complementarity is not required; substantial
complementarity is allowable within a duplex region. Substantial
complementarity refers to complementarity between the strands such
that they are capable of annealing under biological conditions.
Techniques to empirically determine if two strands are capable of
annealing under biological conditions are well know in the art.
Alternatively, two strands can be synthesized and added together
under biological conditions to determine if they anneal to one
another.
As used herein, the terms "non-pairing nucleotide analog" means a
nucleotide analog which includes a non-base pairing moiety
including but not limited to: 6 des amino adenosine (Nebularine),
4-Me-indole, 3-nitropyrrole, 5-nitroindole, Ds, Pa, N3-Me ribo U,
N3-Me riboT, N3-Me dC, N3-Me-dT, N1-Me-dG, N1-Me-dA, N3-ethyl-dC,
N3-Me dC. In some embodiments the non-base pairing nucleotide
analog is a ribonucleotide. In other embodiments it is a
deoxyribonucleotide.
As used herein, the term, "terminal functional group" includes
without limitation a halogen, alcohol, amine, carboxylic, ester,
amide, aldehyde, ketone, ether groups.
An "abasic nucleotide" or "abasic nucleotide analog" is as used
herein may also be often referred to herein and in the art as a
pseudo-nucleotide or an unconventional moiety. While a nucleotide
is a monomeric unit of nucleic acid, generally consisting of a
ribose or deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a base (adenine,
guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or
cytosine in RNA), an abasic or pseudo-nucleotide lacks a base, and
thus is not strictly a nucleotide as the term is generally used in
the art. Abasic deoxyribose moieties include for example, abasic
deoxyribose-3'-phosphate; 1,2-dideoxy-D-ribofuranose-3-phosphate;
1,4-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-ribitol-3-phosphate. Inverted abasic
deoxyribose moieties include inverted deoxyriboabasic; 3',5'
inverted deoxyabasic 5'-phosphate.
The term "capping moiety" (z'') as used herein includes a moiety
which can be covalently linked to the 5' terminus of (N')y and
includes abasic ribose moiety, abasic deoxyribose moiety,
modifications abasic ribose and abasic deoxyribose moieties
including 2'O alkyl modifications; inverted abasic ribose and
abasic deoxyribose moieties and modifications thereof; C6-imino-Pi;
a mirror nucleotide including L-DNA and L-RNA; 5'OMe nucleotide;
and nucleotide analogs including 4',5'-methylene nucleotide;
1-(.beta.-D-erythrofuranosyl)nucleotide; 4'-thio nucleotide,
carbocyclic nucleotide; 5'-amino-alkyl phosphate;
1,3-diamino-2-propyl phosphate, 3-aminopropyl phosphate;
6-aminohexyl phosphate; 12-aminododecyl phosphate; hydroxypropyl
phosphate; 1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleotide; alpha-nucleotide;
threo-pentofuranosyl nucleotide; acyclic 3',4'-seco nucleotide;
3,4-dihydroxybutyl nucleotide; 3,5-dihydroxypentyl nucleotide,
5'-5'-inverted abasic moiety; 1,4-butanediol phosphate; 5'-amino;
and bridging or non bridging methylphosphonate and 5'-mercapto
moieties.
Certain capping moieties may be abasic ribose or abasic deoxyribose
moieties; inverted abasic ribose or abasic deoxyribose moieties;
C6-amino-Pi; a mirror nucleotide including L-DNA and L-RNA. The
nucleic acid molecules as disclosed herein may be synthesized using
one or more inverted nucleotides, for example inverted thymidine or
inverted adenine (for example see Takei, et al., 2002. JBC 277
(26)23800-06).
The term "unconventional moiety" as used herein refers to
non-nucleotide moieties including an abasic moiety, an inverted
abasic moiety, a hydrocarbon (alkyl) moiety and derivatives
thereof, and further includes a deoxyribonucleotide, a modified
deoxyribonucleotide, a mirror nucleotide (L-DNA or L-RNA), a
non-base pairing nucleotide analog and a nucleotide joined to an
adjacent nucleotide by a 2'-5' internucleotide phosphate bond;
bridged nucleic acids including LNA and ethylene bridged nucleic
acids, linkage modified (e.g. PACE) and base modified nucleotides
as well as additional moieties explicitly disclosed herein as
unconventional moieties.
As used herein, the term "inhibit", "down-regulate", or "reduce"
with respect to gene expression means the expression of the gene,
or level of RNA molecules or equivalent RNA molecules encoding one
or more proteins or protein subunits (e.g., mRNA), or activity of
one or more proteins or protein subunits, is reduced below that
observed in the absence of an inhibitory factor (such as a nucleic
acid molecule, e.g., an siNA, for example having structural
features as described herein); for example the expression may be
reduced to 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% or less
than that observed in the absence of an inhibitor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing the effect of GFP siNA on various
reporter cell lines. Cell lines were established by lenti-viral
induction of human HSP47 cDNA-GFP or rat GP46 cDNA-GFP construct
into HEK293, human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080, human HSC line
hTERT or NRK cell line. Negative control siNA or siNA against GFP
was introduced into the cells and GFP fluorescence was measured.
The results showed that siNA against GFP knocks down the
fluorescence to different extent in different cell lines. 293
HSP47-GFP and 293_GP46-GFP cell lines were selected for siHsp47
screening due to their easiness of being transfected and
sensitivity to fluorescence knockdown.
FIG. 2 is a series of bar graphs showing the cytotoxicity and
knockdown efficiency of various siHsp47s in 293_HSP47-GFP and
293_GP46-GFP cell lines. The result showed that siHsp47-C,
siHsp47-2 and siHsp47-2d efficiently knockdown both human HSP47 and
rat GP46 (the human hsp47 homolog) without substantial
cytotoxicity. siGp46A against GP46 does not knock down human HSP47.
Additionally, the newly designed siHsp47s outperformed siGp46A in
knocking down rat GP46.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph showing the knock down effect of various
siHsp47s on hsp47 mRNA, measured by TaqMan.RTM. qPCR using the
human HSC cell line hTERT. The Y axis represents the remaining mRNA
level of hsp47. HSP47-C was most effective among all the hsp47
siNAs tested.
FIG. 4 is a bar graph showing the effect of different hsp47 siNAs
on collagen I expression in hTERT cells. The level of collagen I
mRNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR using
TaqMan.RTM. probe. The Y axis represents the remaining mRNA
expression level of collagen I. The result showed that collagen I
mRNA level is significantly reduced in the cells treated with some
of the candidates (siHsp47-2, siHsp47-2d, and their combination
with siHsp47-1).
FIG. 5 shows the decrease in fibrotic areas of the liver in animals
treated with siHSP47.
FIG. 6 is an exemplary nucleic acid sequence of human hsp47 mRNA
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 1; based on the cDNA disclosed in GenBank
accession number: NM 001235).
FIG. 7 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of human hsp47 (SEQ ID
NO:2).
FIG. 8 is protein coding nucleic acid sequence of human hsp47 cDNA
(SEQ ID NO:59), which corresponds to nucleotides 230-1486 of SEQ ID
NO: 1.
FIGS. 9A-91 show plasma stability of Compound.sub.--1,
Compound.sub.--2, Compound 3, Compound.sub.--4, Compound.sub.--5,
Compound.sub.--6, Compound.sub.--7, Compound.sub.--8 and
Compound.sub.--9, respectively, as detected by ethidium bromide
staining.
FIGS. 10A-10I show ontarget/off-target activity of
Compound.sub.--1, Compound.sub.--2, Compound.sub.--3,
Compound.sub.--4, Compound.sub.--5, Compound.sub.--6,
Compound.sub.--7, Compound.sub.--8 and Compound.sub.--9,
respectively. AS_CM shows activity of antisense strand of compound
to a plasmid comprising a full match insert; AS_SM shows activity
of antisense strand of compound to a plasmid comprising seed
sequence insert; S_CM shows activity of sense strand of compound to
a plasmid comprising a full match insert. All assays were performed
in human cells, except for data shown in FIG. 10F which was
performed in rat REF52 cells.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
RNA Interference and siNA Nucleic Acid Molecules
RNA interference refers to the process of sequence-specific
post-transcriptional gene silencing in animals mediated by short
interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (Zamore et al., 2000, Cell, 101, 25-33;
Fire et al., 1998, Nature, 391, 806; Hamilton et al., 1999,
Science, 286, 950-951; Lin et al., 1999, Nature, 402, 128-129;
Sharp, 1999, Genes & Dev., 13:139-141; and Strauss, 1999,
Science, 286, 886). The corresponding process in plants (Heifetz et
al., International PCT Publication No. WO 99/61631) is often
referred to as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or RNA
silencing. The process of post-transcriptional gene silencing is
thought to be an evolutionarily-conserved cellular defense
mechanism used to prevent the expression of foreign genes (Fire et
al., 1999, Trends Genet., 15, 358). Such protection from foreign
gene expression may have evolved in response to the production of
double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) derived from viral infection or from
the random integration of transposon elements into a host genome
via a cellular response that specifically destroys homologous
single-stranded RNA or viral genomic RNA. The presence of dsRNA in
cells triggers the RNAi response through a mechanism that has yet
to be fully characterized. This mechanism appears to be different
from other known mechanisms involving double stranded RNA-specific
ribonucleases, such as the interferon response that results from
dsRNA-mediated activation of protein kinase PKR and
2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase resulting in non-specific cleavage
of mRNA by ribonuclease L (see for example U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,107,094; 5,898,031; Clemens et al., 1997, J. Interferon &
Cytokine Res., 17, 503-524; Adah et al., 2001, Curr. Med. Chem., 8,
1189).
The presence of long dsRNAs in cells stimulates the activity of a
ribonuclease III enzyme referred to as dicer (Bass, 2000, Cell,
101, 235; Zamore et al., 2000, Cell, 101, 25-33; Hammond et al.,
2000, Nature, 404, 293). Dicer is involved in the processing of the
dsRNA into short pieces of dsRNA known as short interfering RNAs
(siRNAs) (Zamore et al., 2000, Cell, 101, 25-33; Bass, 2000, Cell,
101, 235; Berstein et al., 2001, Nature, 409, 363). Short
interfering RNAs derived from dicer activity are typically about 21
to about 23 nucleotides in length and include about 19 base pair
duplexes (Zamore et al., 2000, Cell, 101, 25-33; Elbashir et al.,
2001, Genes Dev., 15, 188). Dicer has also been implicated in the
excision of 21- and 22-nucleotide small temporal RNAs (stRNAs) from
precursor RNA of conserved structure that are implicated in
translational control (Hutvagner et al., 2001, Science, 293, 834).
The RNAi response also features an endonuclease complex, commonly
referred to as an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which
mediates cleavage of single-stranded RNA having sequence
complementary to the antisense strand of the si RNA duplex.
Cleavage of the target RNA takes place in the middle of the region
complementary to the antisense strand of the siRNA duplex (Elbashir
et al., 2001, Genes Dev., 15, 188).
RNAi has been studied in a variety of systems. Fire et al., 1998,
Nature, 391, 806, were the first to observe RNAi in C. elegans.
Bahramian and Zarbl, 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology, 19,
274-283 and Wianny and Goetz, 1999, Nature Cell Biol., 2, 70,
describe RNAi mediated by dsRNA in mammalian systems. Hammond et
al., 2000, Nature, 404, 293, describe RNAi in Drosophila cells
transfected with dsRNA. Elbashir et al., 2001, Nature, 411, 494 and
Tuschl et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 01/75164,
describe RNAi induced by introduction of duplexes of synthetic
21-nucleotide RNAs in cultured mammalian cells including human
embryonic kidney and HeLa cells. Recent work in Drosophila
embryonic lysates (Elbashir et al., 2001, EMBO J., 20, 6877 and
Tuschl et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 01/75164) has
revealed certain requirements for siRNA length, structure, chemical
composition, and sequence that are essential to mediate efficient
RNAi activity.
Nucleic acid molecules (for example having structural features as
disclosed herein) may inhibit or down regulate gene expression or
viral replication by mediating RNA interference "RNAi" or gene
silencing in a sequence-specific manner; see e.g., Zamore et al.,
2000, Cell, 101, 25-33; Bass, 2001, Nature, 411, 428-429; Elbashir
et al., 2001, Nature, 411, 494-498; and Kreutzer et al.,
International PCT Publication No. WO 00/44895; Zernicka-Goetz et
al., International PCT Publication No. WO 01/36646; Fire,
International PCT Publication No. WO 99/32619; Plaetinck et al.,
International PCT Publication No. WO 00/01846; Mello and Fire,
International PCT Publication No. WO 01/29058;
Deschamps-Depaillette, International PCT Publication No. WO
99/07409; and Li et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
00/44914; Allshire, 2002, Science, 297, 1818-1819; Volpe et al.,
2002, Science, 297, 1833-1837; Jenuwein, 2002, Science, 297,
2215-2218; and Hall et al., 2002, Science, 297, 2232-2237;
Hutvagner and Zamore, 2002, Science, 297, 2056-60; McManus et al.,
2002, RNA, 8, 842-850; Reinhart et al., 2002, Gene & Dev., 16,
1616-1626; and Reinhart & Bartel, 2002, Science, 297,
1831).
An siNA nucleic acid molecule can be assembled from two separate
polynucleotide strands, where one strand is the sense strand and
the other is the antisense strand in which the antisense and sense
strands are self-complementary (i.e. each strand includes
nucleotide sequence that is complementary to nucleotide sequence in
the other strand); such as where the antisense strand and sense
strand form a duplex or double stranded structure having any length
and structure as described herein for nucleic acid molecules as
provided, for example wherein the double stranded region (duplex
region) is about 15 to about 49 (e.g., about 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49 base pairs); the
antisense strand includes nucleotide sequence that is complementary
to nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid molecule (i.e.,
hsp47 mRNA) or a portion thereof and the sense strand includes
nucleotide sequence corresponding to the target nucleic acid
sequence or a portion thereof (e.g., about 17 to about 49 or more
nucleotides of the nucleic acid molecules herein are complementary
to the target nucleic acid or a portion thereof).
In certain aspects and embodiments a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a
siNA molecule) provided herein may be a "RISC length" molecule or
may be a Dicer substrate as described in more detail below.
An siNA nucleic acid molecule may include separate sense and
antisense sequences or regions, where the sense and antisense
regions are covalently linked by nucleotide or non-nucleotide
linkers molecules as is known in the art, or are alternately
non-covalently linked by ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van
der Waals interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and/or stacking
interactions. Nucleic acid molecules may include a nucleotide
sequence that is complementary to nucleotide sequence of a target
gene. Nucleic acid molecules may interact with nucleotide sequence
of a target gene in a manner that causes inhibition of expression
of the target gene.
Alternatively, an siNA nucleic acid molecule is assembled from a
single polynucleotide, where the self-complementary sense and
antisense regions of the nucleic acid molecules are linked by means
of a nucleic acid based or non-nucleic acid-based linker(s), i.e.,
the antisense strand and the sense strand are part of one single
polynucleotide that having an antisense region and sense region
that fold to form a duplex region (for example to form a "hairpin"
structure as is well known in the art). Such siNA nucleic acid
molecules can be a polynucleotide with a duplex, asymmetric duplex,
hairpin or asymmetric hairpin secondary structure, having
self-complementary sense and antisense regions, wherein the
antisense region includes nucleotide sequence that is complementary
to nucleotide sequence in a separate target nucleic acid molecule
or a portion thereof and the sense region having nucleotide
sequence corresponding to the target nucleic acid sequence (e.g., a
sequence of hsp47 mRNA). Such siNA nucleic acid molecules can be a
circular single-stranded polynucleotide having two or more loop
structures and a stem comprising self-complementary sense and
antisense regions, wherein the antisense region includes nucleotide
sequence that is complementary to nucleotide sequence in a target
nucleic acid molecule or a portion thereof and the sense region
having nucleotide sequence corresponding to the target nucleic acid
sequence or a portion thereof, and wherein the circular
polynucleotide can be processed either in vivo or in vitro to
generate an active nucleic acid molecule capable of mediating
RNAi.
The following nomenclature is often used in the art to describe
lengths and overhangs of siNA molecules and may be used throughout
the specification and Examples. Names given to duplexes indicate
the length of the oligomers and the presence or absence of
overhangs. For example, a "21+2" duplex contains two nucleic acid
strands both of which are 21 nucleotides in length, also termed a
21-mer siRNA duplex or a 21-mer nucleic acid and having a 2
nucleotides 3'-overhang. A "21-2" design refers to a 21-mer nucleic
acid duplex with a 2 nucleotides 5'-overhang. A 21-0 design is a
21-mer nucleic acid duplex with no overhangs (blunt). A "21+2UU" is
a 21-mer duplex with 2-nucleotides 3'-overhang and the terminal 2
nucleotides at the 3'-ends are both U residues (which may result in
mismatch with target sequence). The aforementioned nomenclature can
be applied to siNA molecules of various lengths of strands,
duplexes and overhangs (such as 19-0, 21+2, 27+2, and the like). In
an alternative but similar nomenclature, a "25/27" is an asymmetric
duplex having a 25 base sense strand and a 27 base antisense strand
with a 2-nucleotides 3'-overhang. A "27/25" is an asymmetric duplex
having a 27 base sense strand and a 25 base antisense strand.
Chemical Modifications
In certain aspects and embodiments, nucleic acid molecules (e.g.,
siNA molecules) as provided herein include one or more
modifications (or chemical modifications). In certain embodiments,
such modifications include any changes to a nucleic acid molecule
or polynucleotide that would make the molecule different than a
standard ribonucleotide or RNA molecule (i.e., that includes
standard adenosine, cytosine, uracil, or guanosine moieties); which
may be referred to as an "unmodified" ribonucleotide or unmodified
ribonucleic acid. Traditional DNA bases and polynucleotides having
a 2'-deoxy sugar represented by adenosine, cytosine, thymine, or
guanosine moieties may be referred to as an "unmodified
deoxyribonucleotide" or "unmodified deoxyribonucleic acid";
accordingly, the term "unmodified nucleotide" or "unmodified
nucleic acid" as used herein refers to an "unmodified
ribonucleotide" or "unmodified ribonucleic acid" unless there is a
clear indication to the contrary. Such modifications can be in the
nucleotide sugar, nucleotide base, nucleotide phosphate group
and/or the phosphate backbone of a polynucleotide.
In certain embodiments modifications as disclosed herein may be
used to increase RNAi activity of a molecule and/or to increase the
in vivo stability of the molecules, particularly the stability in
serum, and/or to increase bioavailability of the molecules.
Non-limiting examples of modifications include without limitation
internucleotide or internucleoside linkages; deoxynucleotides or
dideoxyribonucleotides at any position and strand of the nucleic
acid molecule; nucleic acid (e.g., ribonucleic acid) with a
modification at the 2'-position preferably selected from an amino,
fluoro, methoxy, alkoxy and alkyl; 2'-deoxyribonucleotides,
2'-O-methyl ribonucleotides, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro ribonucleotides,
"universal base" nucleotides, "acyclic" nucleotides, 5-C-methyl
nucleotides, biotin group, and terminal glyceryl and/or inverted
deoxy abasic residue incorporation, sterically hindered molecules,
such as fluorescent molecules and the like. Other nucleotides
modifiers could include 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin),
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI),
2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC),
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d4T) and the monophosphate
nucleotides of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT),
2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) and
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dide-oxythymidine (d4T). Further details on
various modifications are described in more detail below.
Modified nucleotides include those having a Northern conformation
(e.g., Northern pseudorotation cycle, see for example Saenger,
Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure, Springer-Verlag ed., 1984).
Non-limiting examples of nucleotides having a northern
configuration include locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides (e.g.,
2'-O, 4'-C-methylene-(D-ribofuranosyl) nucleotides);
2'-methoxyethoxy (MOE) nucleotides; 2'-methyl-thio-ethyl,
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides, 2'-deoxy-2'-chloro nucleotides,
2'-azido nucleotides, and 2'-O-methyl nucleotides. Locked nucleic
acids, or LNA's are described, for example, in Elman et al., 2005;
Kurreck et al., 2002; Crinelli et al., 2002; Braasch and Corey,
2001; Bondensgaard et al., 2000; Wahlestedt et al., 2000; and
International Patent Publication Nos. WO 00/47599, WO 99/14226, and
WO 98/39352 and WO 2004/083430. In one embodiment, an LNA is
incorporated at the 5' terminus of the sense strand.
Chemical modifications also include unlocked nucleic acids, or
UNAs, which are non-nucleotide, acyclic analogues, in which the
C2'-C3' bond is not present (although UNAs are not truly
nucleotides, they are expressly included in the scope of "modified"
nucleotides or modified nucleic acids as contemplated herein). In
particular embodiments, nucleic acid molecules with an overhang may
be modified to have UNAs at the overhang positions (i.e., 2
nucleotide overhand). In other embodiments, UNAs are included at
the 3'- or 5'-ends. A UNA may be located anywhere along a nucleic
acid strand, i.e. in position 7. Nucleic acid molecules may contain
one or more than UNA. Exemplary UNAs are disclosed in Nucleic Acids
Symposium Series No. 52 p. 133-134 (2008). In certain embodiments a
nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as described herein
include one or more UNAs; or one UNA. In some embodiments, a
nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as described herein
that has a 3'-overhang include one or two UNAs in the 3' overhang.
In some embodiments a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule)
as described herein includes a UNA (for example one UNA) in the
antisense strand; for example in position 6 or position 7 of the
antisense strand. Chemical modifications also include non-pairing
nucleotide analogs, for example as disclosed herein. Chemical
modifications further include unconventional moieties as disclosed
herein.
Chemical modifications also include terminal modifications on the
5' and/or 3' part of the oligonucleotides and are also known as
capping moieties. Such terminal modifications are selected from a
nucleotide, a modified nucleotide, a lipid, a peptide, and a
sugar.
Chemical modifications also include six membered "six membered ring
nucleotide analogs." Examples of six-membered ring nucleotide
analogs are disclosed in Allart, et al (Nucleosides &
Nucleotides, 1998, 17:1523-1526; and Perez-Perez, et al., 1996,
Bioorg. and Medicinal Chem Letters 6:1457-1460) Oligonucleotides
including 6-membered ring nucleotide analogs including hexitol and
altritol nucleotide monomers are disclosed in International patent
application publication No. WO 2006/047842.
Chemical modifications also include "mirror" nucleotides which have
a reversed chirality as compared to normal naturally occurring
nucleotide; that is a mirror nucleotide may be an "L-nucleotide"
analogue of naturally occurring D-nucleotide (see U.S. Pat. No.
6,602,858). Mirror nucleotides may further include at least one
sugar or base modification and/or a backbone modification, for
example, as described herein, such as a phosphorothioate or
phosphonate moiety. U.S. Pat. No. 6,602,858 discloses nucleic acid
catalysts including at least one L-nucleotide substitution. Mirror
nucleotides include for example L-DNA
(L-deoxyriboadenosine-3'-phosphate (mirror dA);
L-deoxyribocytidine-3'-phosphate (mirror dC);
L-deoxyriboguanosine-3'-phosphate (mirror dG);
L-deoxyribothymidine-3'-phosphate (mirror image dT)) and L-RNA
(L-riboadenosine-3'-phosphate (mirror rA);
L-ribocytidine-3-phosphate (mirror rC);
L-riboguanosine-3'-phosphate (mirror rG); L-ribouracil-3'-phosphate
(mirror dU).
In some embodiments, modified ribonucleotides include modified
deoxyribonucleotides, for example 5'OMe DNA
(5-methyl-deoxyriboguanosine-3'-phosphate) which may be useful as a
nucleotide in the 5' terminal position (position number 1); PACE
(deoxyriboadenosine 3' phosphonoacetate, deoxyribocytidine 3'
phosphonoacetate, deoxyriboguanosine 3' phosphonoacetate,
deoxyribothymidine 3' phosphonoacetate.
Modifications may be present in one or more strands of a nucleic
acid molecule disclosed herein, e.g., in the sense strand, the
antisense strand, or both strands. In certain embodiments, the
antisense strand may include modifications and the sense strand my
only include unmodified RNA.
Nucleobases
Nucleobases of the nucleic acid disclosed herein may include
unmodified ribonucleotides (purines and pyrimidines) such as
adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil. The nucleobases in one or both
strands can be modified with natural and synthetic nucleobases such
as, thymine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, inosine, 2-aminoadenine,
6-methyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine, any
"universal base" nucleotides; 2-propyl and other alkyl derivatives
of adenine and guanine, 5-halouracil and cytosine, 5-propynyl
uracil and cytosine, 6-azo uracil, cytosine and thymine, 5-uracil
(pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 8-halo, amino, thiol, thioalkyl,
hydroxyl and other 8-substituted adenines and guanines,
5-trifluoromethyl and other 5-substituted uracils and cytosines,
7-methylguanine, deazapurines, heterocyclic substituted analogs of
purines and pyrimidines, e.g., aminoethyoxy phenoxazine,
derivatives of purines and pyrimidines (e.g., 1-alkyl-, 1-alkenyl-,
heteroaromatic- and 1-alkynyl derivatives) and tautomers thereof,
8-oxo-N-6-methyladenine, 7-diazaxanthine, 5-methylcytosine,
5-methyluracil, 5-(1-propynyl)uracil, 5-(1-propynyl) cytosine and
4,4-ethanocytosine). Other examples of suitable bases include
non-purinyl and non-pyrimidinyl bases such as 2-aminopyridine and
triazines.
Sugar Moieties
Sugar moieties in nucleic acid disclosed herein may include
2'-hydroxyl-pentofuranosyl sugar moiety without any modification.
Alternatively, sugar moieties can be modified such as,
2'-deoxy-pentofuranosyl sugar moiety, D-ribose, hexose,
modification at the 2' position of the pentofuranosyl sugar moiety
such as 2'-O-alkyl (including 2'-O-methyl and 2'-O-ethyl), i.e.,
2'-alkoxy, 2'-amino, 2'-O-allyl, 2'-S-alkyl, 2'-halogen (including
2'-fluoro, chloro, and bromo), 2'-methoxyethoxy, 2'-O-methoxyethyl,
2'-O-2-methoxyethyl, 2'-allyloxy (--OCH2CH.dbd.CH2), 2'-propargyl,
2'-propyl, ethynyl, ethenyl, propenyl, CF, cyano, imidazole,
carboxylate, thioate, C1 to C10 lower alkyl, substituted lower
alkyl, alkaryl or aralkyl, OCF3, OCN, O-, S-, or N-alkyl; O-, S, or
N-alkenyl; SOCH3; SO2CH3; ONO2; NO2, N3; heterozycloalkyl;
heterozycloalkaryl; aminoalkylamino; polyalkylamino or substituted
silyl, as, among others, for example as described in European
patents EP 0 586 520 B1 or EP 0 618 925 B1.
Alkyl group includes saturated aliphatic groups, including
straight-chain alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl,
pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.), branched-chain
alkyl groups (isopropyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, etc.),
cycloalkyl(alicyclic) groups (cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl), alkyl substituted cycloalkyl groups, and
cycloalkyl substituted alkyl groups. In certain embodiments, a
straight chain or branched chain alkyl has 6 or fewer carbon atoms
in its backbone (e.g., C1-C6 for straight chain, C3-C6 for branched
chain), and more preferably 4 or fewer. Likewise, preferred
cycloalkyls may have from 3-8 carbon atoms in their ring structure,
and more preferably have 5 or 6 carbons in the ring structure. The
term C1-C6 includes alkyl groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
The alkyl group can be substituted alkyl group such as alkyl
moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more
carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents can include,
for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy,
arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato,
cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino,
diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including
alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido),
amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate,
sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an
aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety.
Alkoxy group includes substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl,
and alkynyl groups covalently linked to an oxygen atom. Examples of
alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropyloxy, propoxy,
butoxy, and pentoxy groups. Examples of substituted alkoxy groups
include halogenated alkoxy groups. The alkoxy groups can be
substituted with groups such as alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen,
hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy,
aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl,
alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,
dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino,
dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, and alkyl aryl amino),
acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino,
carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio,
arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moieties.
Examples of halogen substituted alkoxy groups include, but are not
limited to, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy,
chloromethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, etc.
In some embodiments, the pentafuronosyl ring may be replaced with
acyclic derivatives lacking the C2'-C3'-bond of the pentafuronosyl
ring. For example, acyclonucleotides may substitute a
2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group for-the 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl sugar
normally present in dNMPs.
Halogens include fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine.
Backbone
The nucleoside subunits of the nucleic acid disclosed herein may be
linked to each other by phosphodiester bond. The phosphodiester
bond may be optionally substituted with other linkages. For
example, phosphorothioate, thiophosphate-D-ribose entities,
triester, thioate, 2'-5' bridged backbone (may also be referred to
as 5'-2' or 2'5' nucleotide or 2'5' ribonucleotide), PACE, 3'-(or
-5')deoxy-3'-(or -5')thio-phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate,
phosphoroselenates, 3'-(or -5')deoxy phosphinates, borano
phosphates, 3'-(or -5')deoxy-3'-(or 5'-)amino phosphoramidates,
hydrogen phosphonates, phosphonates, borano phosphate esters,
phosphoramidates, alkyl or aryl phosphonates and phosphotriester
modifications such as alkylphosphotriesters, phosphotriester
phosphorus linkages, 5'-ethoxyphosphodiester, P-alkyl
oxyphosphotriester, methylphosphonate, and nonphosphorus containing
linkages for example, carbonate, carbamate, silyl, sulfur,
sulfonate, sulfonamide, formacetal, thioformacetyl, oxime,
methyleneimino, methylenemethylimino, methylenehydrazo,
methylenedimethylhydrazo and methyleneoxymethylimino linkages.
Nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein may include a peptide
nucleic acid (PNA) backbone. The PNA backbone is includes repeating
N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine units linked by peptide bonds. The various
bases such as purine, pyrimidine, natural and synthetic bases are
linked to the backbone by methylene carbonyl bonds.
Terminal Phosphates
Modifications can be made at terminal phosphate groups.
Non-limiting examples of different stabilization chemistries can be
used, e.g., to stabilize the 3'-end of nucleic acid sequences,
including (1) [3-3']-inverted deoxyribose; (2) deoxyribonucleotide;
(3) [5'-3']-3'-deoxyribonucleotide; (4) [5'-3']-ribonucleotide; (5)
[5'-3']-3'-O-methyl ribonucleotide; (6) 3'-glyceryl; (7)
[3'-5']-3'-deoxyribonucleotide; (8) [3'-3']-deoxyribonucleotide;
(9) [5'-2']-deoxyribonucleotide; and (10)
[5-3']-dideoxyribonucleotide. In addition to unmodified backbone
chemistries can be combined with one or more different backbone
modifications described herein.
Exemplary chemically modified terminal phosphate groups include
those shown below:
##STR00009## Conjugates
Modified nucleotides and nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA
molecules) as provided herein may include conjugates, for example,
a conjugate covalently attached to the chemically-modified nucleic
acid molecule. Non-limiting examples of conjugates include
conjugates and ligands described in Vargeese et al., U.S. Ser. No.
10/427,160. The conjugate may be covalently attached to a nucleic
acid molecule (such as an siNA molecule) via a biodegradable
linker. The conjugate molecule may be attached at the 3'-end of
either the sense strand, the antisense strand, or both strands of
the chemically-modified nucleic acid molecule. The conjugate
molecule may be attached at the 5'-end of either the sense strand,
the antisense strand, or both strands of the chemically-modified
nucleic acid molecule. The conjugate molecule may be attached both
the 3'-end and 5'-end of either the sense strand, the antisense
strand, or both strands of the chemically-modified nucleic acid
molecule, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, a
conjugate molecule may include a molecule that facilitates delivery
of a chemically-modified nucleic acid molecule into a biological
system, such as a cell. In another embodiment, the conjugate
molecule attached to the chemically-modified nucleic acid molecule
is a polyethylene glycol, human serum albumin, or a ligand for a
cellular receptor that can mediate cellular uptake. Examples of
specific conjugate molecules contemplated by the instant invention
that can be attached to chemically-modified nucleic acid molecules
are described in Vargeese et al., U.S. Ser. No. 10/201,394.
Linkers
A nucleic acid molecule provided herein (e.g., an siNA) molecule
may include a nucleotide, non-nucleotide, or mixed
nucleotide/non-nucleotide linker that joins the sense region of the
nucleic acid to the antisense region of the nucleic acid. A
nucleotide linker can be a linker of .gtoreq.2 nucleotides in
length, for example about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleotides in
length. The nucleotide linker can be a nucleic acid aptamer. By
"aptamer" or "nucleic acid aptamer" as used herein refers to a
nucleic acid molecule that binds specifically to a target molecule
wherein the nucleic acid molecule has sequence that includes a
sequence recognized by the target molecule in its natural setting.
Alternately, an aptamer can be a nucleic acid molecule that binds
to a target molecule (such as hsp47 mRNA) where the target molecule
does not naturally bind to a nucleic acid. For example, the aptamer
can be used to bind to a ligand-binding domain of a protein,
thereby preventing interaction of the naturally occurring ligand
with the protein. This is a non-limiting example and those in the
art will recognize that other embodiments can be readily generated
using techniques generally known in the art. See e.g., Gold et al.;
1995, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 64, 763; Brody and Gold, 2000, J.
Biotechnol., 74, 5; Sun, 2000, Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther., 2, 100;
Kusser, 2000, J. Biotechnol., 74, 27; Hermann and Patel, 2000,
Science, 287, 820; and Jayasena, 1999, Clinical Chemistry, 45,
1628.
A non-nucleotide linker may include an abasic nucleotide,
polyether, polyamine, polyamide, peptide, carbohydrate, lipid,
polyhydrocarbon, or other polymeric compounds (e.g. polyethylene
glycols such as those having between 2 and 100 ethylene glycol
units). Specific examples include those described by Seela and
Kaiser, Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18:6353 and Nucleic Acids Res.
1987, 15:3113; Cload and Schepartz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991,
113:6324; Richardson and Schepartz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991,
113:5109; Ma et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 1993, 21:2585 and
Biochemistry 1993, 32:1751; Durand et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 1990,
18:6353; McCurdy et al., Nucleosides & Nucleotides 1991,
10:287; Jschke et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34:301; Ono et al.,
Biochemistry 1991, 30:9914; Arnold et al., International
Publication No. WO 89/02439; Usman et al., International
Publication No. WO 95/06731; Dudycz et al., International
Publication No. WO 95/11910 and Ferentz and Verdine, J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1991, 113:4000.
5' Ends, 3' Ends and Overhangs
Nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein (e.g., siNA molecules) may
be blunt-ended on both sides, have overhangs on both sides or a
combination of blunt and overhang ends. Overhangs may occur on
either the 5'- or 3'-end of the sense or antisense strand.
5'- and/or 3'-ends of double stranded nucleic acid molecules (e.g.,
siNA) may be blunt ended or have an overhang. The 5'-end may be
blunt ended and the 3'-end has an overhang in either the sense
strand or the antisense strand. In other embodiments, the 3'-end
may be blunt ended and the 5'-end has an overhang in either the
sense strand or the antisense strand. In yet other embodiments,
both the 5'- and 3'-end are blunt ended or both the 5'- and 3'-ends
have overhangs.
The 5'- and/or 3'-end of one or both strands of the nucleic acid
may include a free hydroxyl group. The 5'- and/or 3'-end of any
nucleic acid molecule strand may be modified to include a chemical
modification. Such modification may stabilize nucleic acid
molecules, e.g., the 3'-end may have increased stability due to the
presence of the nucleic acid molecule modification. Examples of end
modifications (e.g., terminal caps) include, but are not limited
to, abasic, deoxy abasic, inverted (deoxy) abasic, glyceryl,
dinucleotide, acyclic nucleotide, amino, fluoro, chloro, bromo, CN,
CF, methoxy, imidazole, carboxylate, thioate, C1 to C10 lower
alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkaryl or aralkyl, OCF3, OCN, O-,
S-, or N-alkyl; O-, S-, or N-alkenyl; SOCH3; SO2CH3; ONO2; NO2, N3;
heterocycloalkyl; heterocycloalkaryl; aminoalkylamino;
polyalkylamino or substituted silyl, as, among others, described in
European patents EP 586,520 and EP 618,925 and other modifications
disclosed herein.
Nucleic acid molecules include those with blunt ends, i.e., ends
that do not include any overhanging nucleotides. A nucleic acid
molecule can include one or more blunt ends. The blunt ended
nucleic acid molecule has a number of base pairs equal to the
number of nucleotides present in each strand of the nucleic acid
molecule. The nucleic acid molecule can include one blunt end, for
example where the 5'-end of the antisense strand and the 3'-end of
the sense strand do not have any overhanging nucleotides. Nucleic
acid molecule may include one blunt end, for example where the
3'-end of the antisense strand and the 5'-end of the sense strand
do not have any overhanging nucleotides. A nucleic acid molecule
may include two blunt ends, for example where the 3'-end of the
antisense strand and the 5'-end of the sense strand as well as the
5'-end of the antisense strand and 3'-end of the sense strand do
not have any overhanging nucleotides. Other nucleotides present in
a blunt ended nucleic acid molecule can include, for example,
mismatches, bulges, loops, or wobble base pairs to modulate the
activity of the nucleic acid molecule to mediate RNA
interference.
In certain embodiments of the nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA
molecules) provided herein, at least one end of the molecule has an
overhang of at least one nucleotide (for example 1 to 8 overhang
nucleotides). For example, one or both strands of a double stranded
nucleic acid molecule disclosed herein may have an overhang at the
5'-end or at the 3'-end or both. An overhang may be present at
either or both the sense strand and antisense strand of the nucleic
acid molecule. The length of the overhang may be as little as one
nucleotide and as long as 1 to 8 or more nucleotides (e.g., 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 nucleotides; in some preferred embodiments an
overhang is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 nucleotides; for example an
overhang may be 2 nucleotides. The nucleotide(s) forming the
overhang may be include deoxyribonucleotide(s), ribonucleotide(s),
natural and non-natural nucleobases or any nucleotide modified in
the sugar, base or phosphate group such as disclosed herein. A
double stranded nucleic acid molecule may have both 5'- and
3'-overhangs. The overhangs at the 5'- and 3'-end may be of
different lengths. An overhang may include at least one nucleic
acid modification which may be deoxyribonucleotide. One or more
deoxyribonucleotides may be at the 5'-terminal. The 3'-end of the
respective counter-strand of the nucleic acid molecule may not have
an overhang, more preferably not a deoxyribonucleotide overhang.
The one or more deoxyribonucleotide may be at the 3'-terminal. The
5'-end of the respective counter-strand of the dsRNA may not have
an overhang, more preferably not a deoxyribonucleotide overhang.
The overhang in either the 5'- or the 3'-end of a strand may be 1
to 8 (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8) unpaired nucleotides,
preferably, the overhang is 2-3 unpaired nucleotides; more
preferably 2 unpaired nucleotides. Nucleic acid molecules may
include duplex nucleic acid molecules with overhanging ends of
about 1 to about 20 (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20); preferably 1-8 (e.g., about
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8) nucleotides, for example, about
21-nucleotide duplexes with about 19 base pairs and 3'-terminal
mononucleotide, dinucleotide, or trinucleotide overhangs. Nucleic
acid molecules herein may include duplex nucleic acid molecules
with blunt ends, where both ends are blunt, or alternatively, where
one of the ends is blunt. Nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein
can include one or more blunt ends, i.e. where a blunt end does not
have any overhanging nucleotides. In one embodiment, the blunt
ended nucleic acid molecule has a number of base pairs equal to the
number of nucleotides present in each strand of the nucleic acid
molecule. The nucleic acid molecule may include one blunt end, for
example where the 5'-end of the antisense strand and the 3'-end of
the sense strand do not have any overhanging nucleotides. The
nucleic acid molecule may include one blunt end, for example where
the 3'-end of the antisense strand and the 5'-end of the sense
strand do not have any overhanging nucleotides. A nucleic acid
molecule may include two blunt ends, for example where the 3'-end
of the antisense strand and the 5'-end of the sense strand as well
as the 5'-end of the antisense strand and 3'-end of the sense
strand do not have any overhanging nucleotides. In certain
preferred embodiments the nucleic acid compounds are blunt ended.
Other nucleotides present in a blunt ended siNA molecule can
include, for example, mismatches, bulges, loops, or wobble base
pairs to modulate the activity of the nucleic acid molecule to
mediate RNA interference.
In many embodiments one or more, or all, of the overhang
nucleotides of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA molecule) as
described herein includes are modified such as described herein;
for example one or more, or all, of the nucleotides may be
2'-deoxynucleotides.
Amount, Location and Patterns of Modifications.
Nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) disclosed herein may
include modified nucleotides as a percentage of the total number of
nucleotides present in the nucleic acid molecule. As such, a
nucleic acid molecule may include about 5% to about 100% modified
nucleotides (e.g., about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%,
45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%
modified nucleotides). The actual percentage of modified
nucleotides present in a given nucleic acid molecule will depend on
the total number of nucleotides present in the nucleic acid. If the
nucleic acid molecule is single stranded, the percent modification
can be based upon the total number of nucleotides present in the
single stranded nucleic acid molecule. Likewise, if the nucleic
acid molecule is double stranded, the percent modification can be
based upon the total number of nucleotides present in the sense
strand, antisense strand, or both the sense and antisense
strands.
Nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein may include unmodified RNA
as a percentage of the total nucleotides in the nucleic acid
molecule. As such, a nucleic acid molecule may include about 5% to
about 100% modified nucleotides (e.g., about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%,
25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%,
90%, 95% or 100% of total nucleotides present in a nucleic acid
molecule.
A nucleic acid molecule (e.g., an siNA molecule) may include a
sense strand that includes about 1 to about 5, specifically about
1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and/or
one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy,
2'-O-methyl, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, or more) universal base modified nucleotides, and
optionally a terminal cap molecule at the 3-end, the 5'-end, or
both of the 3'- and 5'-ends of the sense strand; and wherein the
antisense strand includes about 1 to about 5 or more, specifically
about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more phosphorothioate internucleotide
linkages, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10 or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or
one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more)
universal base modified nucleotides, and optionally a terminal cap
molecule at the 3'-end, the 5'-end, or both of the 3'- and 5'-ends
of the antisense strand. A nucleic acid molecule may include about
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more, pyrimidine nucleotides of
the sense and/or antisense nucleic acid strand are
chemically-modified with 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl and/or
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides, with or without about 1 to about 5
or more, for example about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages and/or a terminal cap molecule at the
3'-end, the 5'-end, or both of the 3'- and 5'-ends, being present
in the same or different strand.
A nucleic acid molecule may include about 1 to about 5 or more
(specifically about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more) phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages in each strand of the nucleic acid
molecule.
A nucleic acid molecule may include 2'-5' internucleotide linkages,
for example at the 3'-end, the 5'-end, or both of the 3'- and
5'-ends of one or both nucleic acid sequence strands. In addition,
the 2'-5' internucleotide linkage(s) can be present at various
other positions within one or both nucleic acid sequence strands,
for example, about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more including
every internucleotide linkage of a pyrimidine nucleotide in one or
both strands of the siNA molecule can include a 2'-5'
internucleotide linkage, or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or
more including every internucleotide linkage of a purine nucleotide
in one or both strands of the siNA molecule can include a 2'-5'
internucleotide linkage.
A chemically-modified short interfering nucleic acid (siNA)
molecule may include an antisense region, wherein any (e.g., one or
more or all) pyrimidine nucleotides present in the antisense region
are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides (e.g., wherein all
pyrimidine nucleotides are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine
nucleotides or alternately a plurality of pyrimidine nucleotides
are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides), and wherein any
(e.g., one or more or all) purine nucleotides present in the
antisense region are 2'-deoxy purine nucleotides (e.g., wherein all
purine nucleotides are 2'-deoxy purine nucleotides or alternately a
plurality of purine nucleotides are 2'-deoxy purine
nucleotides).
A chemically-modified short interfering nucleic acid (siNA)
molecule may include an antisense region, wherein any (e.g., one or
more or all) pyrimidine nucleotides present in the antisense region
are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides (e.g., wherein all
pyrimidine nucleotides are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine
nucleotides or alternately a plurality of pyrimidine nucleotides
are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides), and wherein any
(e.g., one or more or all) purine nucleotides present in the
antisense region are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides (e.g., wherein
all purine nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides or
alternately a plurality of purine nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl
purine nucleotides).
A chemically-modified short interfering nucleic acid (siNA)
molecule capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against hsp47
inside a cell or reconstituted in vitro system may include a sense
region, wherein one or more pyrimidine nucleotides present in the
sense region are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides (e.g.,
wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro
pyrimidine nucleotides or alternately a plurality of pyrimidine
nucleotides are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides), and one
or more purine nucleotides present in the sense region are 2'-deoxy
purine nucleotides (e.g., wherein all purine nucleotides are
2'-deoxy purine nucleotides or alternately a plurality of purine
nucleotides are 2'-deoxy purine nucleotides), and an antisense
region, wherein one or more pyrimidine nucleotides present in the
antisense region are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides
(e.g., wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro
pyrimidine nucleotides or alternately a plurality of pyrimidine
nucleotides are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides), and one
or more purine nucleotides present in the antisense region are
2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides (e.g., wherein all purine
nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides or alternately a
plurality of purine nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl purine
nucleotides). The sense region and/or the antisense region can have
a terminal cap modification, such as any modification, that is
optionally present at the 3'-end, the 5'-end, or both of the 3' and
5'-ends of the sense and/or antisense sequence. The sense and/or
antisense region can optionally further include a 3'-terminal
nucleotide overhang having about 1 to about 4 (e.g., about 1, 2, 3,
or 4) 2'-deoxynucleotides. The overhang nucleotides can further
include one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4 or more)
phosphorothioate, phosphonoacetate, and/or thiophosphonoacetate
internucleotide linkages. The purine nucleotides in the sense
region may alternatively be 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides (e.g.,
wherein all purine nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides
or alternately a plurality of purine nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl
purine nucleotides) and one or more purine nucleotides present in
the antisense region are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides (e.g.,
wherein all purine nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides
or alternately a plurality of purine nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl
purine nucleotides). One or more purine nucleotides in the sense
region may alternatively be purine ribonucleotides (e.g., wherein
all purine nucleotides are purine ribonucleotides or alternately a
plurality of purine nucleotides are purine ribonucleotides) and any
purine nucleotides present in the antisense region are 2'-O-methyl
purine nucleotides (e.g., wherein all purine nucleotides are
2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides or alternately a plurality of purine
nucleotides are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides). One or more purine
nucleotides in the sense region and/or present in the antisense
region may alternatively selected from the group consisting of
2'-deoxy nucleotides, locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides,
2'-methoxyethyl nucleotides, 4'-thionucleotides, and 2'-O-methyl
nucleotides (e.g., wherein all purine nucleotides are selected from
the group consisting of 2'-deoxy nucleotides, locked nucleic acid
(LNA) nucleotides, 2'-methoxyethyl nucleotides, 4'-thionucleotides,
and 2'-O-methyl nucleotides or alternately a plurality of purine
nucleotides are selected from the group consisting of 2'-deoxy
nucleotides, locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides, 2'-methoxyethyl
nucleotides, 4'-thionucleotides, and 2'-O-methyl nucleotides).
In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a siNA
molecule) as described herein includes a modified nucleotide (for
example one modified nucleotide) in the antisense strand; for
example in position 6 or position 7 of the antisense strand.
Modification Patterns and Alternating Modifications
Nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) provided herein may
have patterns of modified and unmodified nucleic acids. A pattern
of modification of the nucleotides in a contiguous stretch of
nucleotides may be a modification contained within a single
nucleotide or group of nucleotides that are covalently linked to
each other via standard phosphodiester bonds or, at least
partially, through phosphorothioate bonds. Accordingly, a "pattern"
as contemplated herein, does not necessarily need to involve
repeating units, although it may. Examples of modification patterns
that may be used in conjunction with the nucleic acid molecules
(e.g., siNA molecules) provided herein include those disclosed in
Giese, U.S. Pat. No. 7,452,987. For example, nucleic acid molecules
(e.g., siNA molecules) provided herein include those having
modification patters such as, similar to, or the same as, the
patterns shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 of the Giese U.S. Pat.
No. 7,452,987.
A modified nucleotide or group of modified nucleotides may be at
the 5'-end or 3'-end of the sense or antisense strand, a flanking
nucleotide or group of nucleotides is arrayed on both sides of the
modified nucleotide or group, where the flanking nucleotide or
group either is unmodified or does not have the same modification
of the preceding nucleotide or group of nucleotides. The flanking
nucleotide or group of nucleotides may, however, have a different
modification. This sequence of modified nucleotide or group of
modified nucleotides, respectively, and unmodified or differently
modified nucleotide or group of unmodified or differently modified
nucleotides may be repeated one or more times.
In some patterns, the 5'-terminal nucleotide of a strand is a
modified nucleotide while in other patterns the 5'-terminal
nucleotide of a strand is an unmodified nucleotide. In some
patterns, the 5'-end of a strand starts with a group of modified
nucleotides while in other patterns, the 5'-terminal end is an
unmodified group of nucleotides. This pattern may be either on the
first stretch or the second stretch of the nucleic acid molecule or
on both.
Modified nucleotides of one strand of the nucleic acid molecule may
be complementary in position to the modified or unmodified
nucleotides or groups of nucleotides of the other strand.
There may be a phase shift between modifications or patterns of
modifications on one strand relative to the pattern of modification
of the other strand such that the modification groups do not
overlap. In one instance, the shift is such that the modified group
of nucleotides of the sense strand corresponds to the unmodified
group of nucleotides of the antisense strand and vice versa.
There may be a partial shift of the pattern of modification such
that the modified groups overlap. The groups of modified
nucleotides in any given strand may optionally be the same length,
but may be of different lengths. Similarly, groups of unmodified
nucleotides in any given strand may optionally be the same length,
or of different lengths.
In some patterns, the second (penultimate) nucleotide at the
terminus of the strand, is an unmodified nucleotide or the
beginning of group of unmodified nucleotides. Preferably, this
unmodified nucleotide or unmodified group of nucleotides is located
at the 5'-end of the either or both the sense and antisense strands
and even more preferably at the terminus of the sense strand. An
unmodified nucleotide or unmodified group of nucleotide may be
located at the 5'-end of the sense strand. In a preferred
embodiment the pattern consists of alternating single modified and
unmodified nucleotides.
In some double stranded nucleic acid molecules include a
2'-O-methyl modified nucleotide and a non-modified nucleotide,
preferably a nucleotide which is not 2'-O-methyl modified, are
incorporated on both strands in an alternating fashion, resulting
in a pattern of alternating 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotides and
nucleotides that are either unmodified or at least do not include a
2'-O-methyl modification. In certain embodiments, the same sequence
of 2'-O-methyl modification and non-modification exists on the
second strand; in other embodiments the alternating 2'-O-methyl
modified nucleotides are only present in the sense strand and are
not present in the antisense strand; and in yet other embodiments
the alternating 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotides are only present
in the sense strand and are not present in the antisense strand. In
certain embodiments, there is a phase shift between the two strands
such that the 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotide on the first strand
base pairs with a non-modified nucleotide(s) on the second strand
and vice versa. This particular arrangement, i.e. base pairing of
2'-O-methyl modified and non-modified nucleotide(s) on both strands
is particularly preferred in certain embodiments. In certain
embodiments, the pattern of alternating 2'-O-methyl modified
nucleotides exists throughout the entire nucleic acid molecule; or
the entire duplex region. In other embodiments the pattern of
alternating 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotides exists only in a
portion of the nucleic acid; or the entire duplex region.
In "phase shift" patterns, it may be preferred if the antisense
strand starts with a 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotide at the 5' end
whereby consequently the second nucleotide is non-modified, the
third, fifth, seventh and so on nucleotides are thus again
2'-O-methyl modified whereas the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and
the like nucleotides are non-modified nucleotides.
Exemplary Modification Locations and Patterns
While exemplary patterns are provided in more detail below, all
permutations of patterns with of all possible characteristics of
the nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein and those known in the
art are contemplated (e.g., characteristics include, but are not
limited to, length of sense strand, length of antisense strand,
length of duplex region, length of hangover, whether one or both
ends of a double stranded nucleic acid molecule is blunt or has an
overhang, location of modified nucleic acid, number of modified
nucleic acids, types of modifications, whether a double overhang
nucleic acid molecule has the same or different number of
nucleotides on the overhang of each side, whether a one or more
than one type of modification is used in a nucleic acid molecule,
and number of contiguous modified/unmodified nucleotides). With
respect to all detailed examples provided below, while the duplex
region is shown to be 19 nucleotides, the nucleic acid molecules
provided herein can have a duplex region ranging from 1 to 49
nucleotides in length as each strand of a duplex region can
independently be 17-49 nucleotides in length Exemplary patterns are
provided herein.
Nucleic acid molecules may have a blunt end (when n is 0) on both
ends that include a single or contiguous set of modified nucleic
acids. The modified nucleic acid may be located at any position
along either the sense or antisense strand. Nucleic acid molecules
may include a group of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48 or 49 contiguous modified nucleotides. Modified nucleic
acids may make up 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%,
40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%,
98% or 100% of a nucleic acid strand. Modified nucleic acids of the
examples immediately below may be in the sense strand only, the
antisense strand only, or in both the sense and antisense
strand.
General nucleic acid patters are shown below where X=sense strand
nucleotide in the duplex region; X.sub.a=5'-overhang nucleotide in
the sense strand; X.sub.b=3'-overhang nucleotide in the sense
strand; Y=antisense strand nucleotide in the duplex region;
Y.sub.a=3'-overhang nucleotide in the antisense strand;
Y.sub.b=5'-overhang nucleotide in the antisense strand; and M=a
modified nucleotide in the duplex region. Each a and b are
independently 0 to 8 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8). Each X,
Y, a and b are independently modified or unmodified. The sense and
antisense strands can are each independently 17-49 nucleotides in
length. The examples provided below have a duplex region of 19
nucleotides; however, nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein can
have a duplex region anywhere between 17 and 49 nucleotides and
where each strand is independently between 17 and 49 nucleotides in
length.
TABLE-US-00002 5' X.sub.aXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.sub.b 3'
Y.sub.bYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY.sub.a
Further exemplary nucleic acid molecule patterns are shown below
where X=unmodified sense strand nucleotides; x=an unmodified
overhang nucleotide in the sense strand; Y=unmodified antisense
strand nucleotides; y=an unmodified overhang nucleotide in the
antisense strand; and M=a modified nucleotide. The sense and
antisense strands can are each independently 17-49 nucleotides in
length. The examples provided below have a duplex region of 19
nucleotides; however, nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein can
have a duplex region anywhere between 17 and 49 nucleotides and
where each strand is independently between 17 and 49 nucleotides in
length.
TABLE-US-00003 5' M.sub.nXXXXXXXXXMXXXXXXXXXM.sub.n 3'
M.sub.nYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYM.sub.n 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
YYYYYYYYYMYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXMMXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYMMYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXMXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYMYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXMXXXXXXXXXXXXX
3' YYYYYYYYYMYYYYYYYYY 5' MXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
YYYYYYYYYYYYMYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXM 3' YYYYYMYYYYYYYYYYYYY
5' XXXXXXXXXMXXXXXXXX 3' MYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXMXXXXXXXXXX
3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYM 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXMXXXX 3' MYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
5' MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 3' MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
Nucleic acid molecules may have blunt ends on both ends with
alternating modified nucleic acids. The modified nucleic acids may
be located at any position along either the sense or antisense
strand.
TABLE-US-00004 5' MXMXMXMXMXMXMXMXMXM 3' YMYMYMYMYMYMYMYMYMY 5'
XMXMXMXMXMXMXMXMXMX 3' MYMYMYMYMYMYMYMYMYM 5' MMXMMXMMXMMXMMXMMXM
3' YMMYMMYMMYMMYMMYMMY 5' XMMXMMXMMXMMXMMXMMX 3'
MMYMMYMMYMMYMMYMMYM 5' MMMXMMMXMMMXMMMXMMM 3' YMMMYMMMYMMMYMMMYMM
5' XMMMXMMMXMMMXMMMXMM 3' MMMYMMMYMMMYMMMYMMM
Nucleic acid molecules with a blunt 5'-end and 3'-end overhang end
with a single modified nucleic acid.
Nucleic acid molecules with a 5'-end overhang and a blunt 3'-end
with a single modified nucleic acid.
Nucleic acid molecules with overhangs on both ends and all
overhangs are modified nucleic acids. In the pattern immediately
below, M is n number of modified nucleic acids, where n is an
integer from 0 to 8 (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8).
TABLE-US-00005 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXM 3' MYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Nucleic acid molecules with overhangs on both ends and some
overhang nucleotides are modified nucleotides. In the patterns
immediately below, M is n number of modified nucleotides, x is n
number of unmodified overhang nucleotides in the sense strand, y is
n number of unmodified overhang nucleotides in the antisense
strand, where each n is independently an integer from 0 to 8 (i.e.,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), and where each overhang is maximum
of 20 nucleotides; preferably a maximum of 8 nucleotides (modified
and/or unmodified).
TABLE-US-00006 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXM 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMx 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMxM 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMxMx 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMxMxM 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMxMxMx 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMxMxMxM 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMxMxMxMx 3' yYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
xMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
MxMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
xMxMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
MxMxMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
xMxMxMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
MxMxMxMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
xMxMxMxMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYy 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYM 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYMy 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYMyM 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYMyMy 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYMyMyM 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYMyMyMy 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYMyMyMyM 5'
xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYMyMyMyMy 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' MYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' yMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' MyMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' yMyMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' MyMyMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' yMyMyMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' MyMyMyMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx 3' yMyMyMyMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Modified nucleotides at the 3' end of the sense region.
TABLE-US-00007 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMMM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMMM 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Overhang at the 5' end of the sense region.
TABLE-US-00008 5' MXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
MMMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Overhang at the 3' end of the antisense region.
TABLE-US-00009 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' MYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
3' MMMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
MMMMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
MMMMMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
MMMMMMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
MMMMMMMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
MMMMMMMMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Modified nucleotide(s) within the sense region
TABLE-US-00010 5' XXXXXXXXXMXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3' YYYYYYYYYMYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM
3' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Exemplary nucleic acid molecules are provided below along with the
equivalent general structure in line with the symbols used
above:
siHSP47-C siRNA to human and rat hsp47 having a 19 nucleotide
(i.e., 19mer) duplex region and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e.,
deoxynucleotide) overhangs at the 3'-ends of the sense and
antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00011 5' GGACAGGCCUCUACAACUAdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTCCUGUCCGGAGAUGUUGAU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
siHSP47-Cd siRNA to human and rat hsp47 having a 25-mer duplex
region, a 2 nucleotide overhang at the 3'-end of the antisense
strand and 2 modified nucleotides at the 5'-terminal and
penultimate positions of the sense strand.
TABLE-US-00012 5' GGACAGGCCUCUACAACUACUACdGdA 3' 3'
UUCCUGUCCGGAGAUGUUGAUGAUGCU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
yyYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-1 siRNA to human and rat hsp47 cDNA 719-737 having a 19-mer
duplex region, and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e., deoxynucleotide)
overhangs at the 3'-ends of the sense and antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00013 5' CAGGCCUCUACAACUACUAdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTGUCCGGAGAUGUUGAUGAU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-1d siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 719-743 having a 25-mer with a
blunt end at the 3'-end of the sense strand and a 2 nucleotide
overhang at the 3'-end of the antisense strand, and 2 modified
nucleotides at the 5'-terminal and penultimate positions of the
sense strand.
TABLE-US-00014 5' CAGGCCUCUACAACUACUACGACdGdA 3' 3'
UUGUCCGGAGAUGUUGAUGAUGCUGCU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
yyYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-2 siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 469-487 having a 19-mer duplex
region, and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e., deoxynucleotide) overhangs
at the 3'-ends of the sense and antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00015 5' GAGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTCUCGUGAGGUUCUAGUUGA 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-2d siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 469-493 having a 25-mer duplex
region with a blunt end at the 3'-end of the sense strand and a 2
nucleotide overhang at the 3'-end of the antisense strand, and 2
modified nucleotides at the 5'-terminal and penultimate positions
of the sense strand.
TABLE-US-00016 5' GAGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGdCdG 3' 3'
UUCUCGUGAGGUUCUAGUUGAAGGCGC 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
yyYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-2d rat siRNA to rat Gp46 cDNA 466-490 having a 25-mer
duplex region with a blunt end at the 3'-end of the sense strand
and a 2 nucleotide overhang at the 3'-end of the antisense strand,
and 2 modified nucleotides at the 5'-terminal and penultimate
positions of the sense strand.
TABLE-US-00017 5' GAACACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGdAdG 3' 3'
UUCUUGUGAGGUUCUAGUUGAAGGCUC 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
yyYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-3 siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 980-998 having a 19-mer duplex
region, and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e., deoxynucleotide) overhangs
at the 3'-ends of the sense and antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00018 5' CTGAGGCCATTGACAAGAAdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTGACUCCGGUAACUGUUCUU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-3d siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 980-1004 having a 25-mer
duplex region with a blunt end at the 3'-end of the sense strand
and a 2 nucleotide overhang at the 3'-end of the antisense strand,
and 2 modified nucleotides at the 5'-terminal and penultimate
positions of the sense strand.
TABLE-US-00019 5' CTGAGGCCATTGACAAGAACAAGdGdC 3' 3'
UUGACUCCGGUAACUGUUCUUGUUCCG 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
yyYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-4 siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 735-753 having a 19-mer duplex
region, and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e., deoxynucleotide) overhangs
at the 3'-ends of the sense and antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00020 5' CUACGACGACGAGAAGGAAdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTGAUGCUGCUGCUCUUCCUU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-4-d siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 735-759 having a 25-mer
duplex region with a blunt end at the 3'-end of the sense strand
and a 2 nucleotide overhang at the 3'-end of the antisense strand,
and 2 modified nucleotides at the 5'-terminal and penultimate
positions of the sense strand.
TABLE-US-00021 5' CUACGACGACGAGAAGGAAAAGCdTdG 3' 3'
UUGAUGCUGCUGCUCUUCCUUUUCGAC 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
yyYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-5 siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 621-639 having a 19-mer duplex
region, and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e., deoxynucleotide) overhangs
at the 3'-ends of the sense and antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00022 5' GCCACACUGGGAUGAGAAAdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTCGGUGUGACCCUACUCUUU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-6 siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 446-464 having a 19-mer duplex
region, and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e., deoxynucleotide) overhangs
at the 3'-ends of the sense and antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00023 5' GCAGCAAGCAGCACUACAAdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTCGUCGUUCGUCGUGAUGUU 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
siHSP47-7 siRNA to human hsp47 cDNA 692-710 having a 19-mer duplex
region, and modified 2 nucleotide (i.e., deoxynucleotide) overhangs
at the 3'-ends of the sense and antisense strands.
TABLE-US-00024 5' CCGUGGGUGUCAUGAUGAUdTdT 3' 3'
dTdTGGCACCCACAGUACUACUA 5' 5' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMM 3' 3'
MMYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5'
Nicks and Gaps in Nucleic Acid Strands
Nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA molecules) provided herein may
have a strand, preferably the sense strand, that is nicked or
gapped. As such, nucleic acid molecules may have three or more
strand, for example, such as a meroduplex RNA (mdRNA) disclosed in
International Patent Application No. PCT/US07/081,836. Nucleic acid
molecules with a nicked or gapped strand may be between about 1-49
nucleotides, or may be RISC length (e.g., about 15 to 25
nucleotides) or Dicer substrate length (e.g., about 25 to 30
nucleotides) such as disclosed herein.
Nucleic acid molecules with three or more strands include, for
example, an `A` (antisense) strand, `S1` (second) strand, and `S2`
(third) strand in which the `S1` and `S2` strands are complementary
to and form base pairs with non-overlapping regions of the `A`
strand (e.g., an mdRNA can have the form of A:S1S2). The S1, S2, or
more strands together form what is substantially similar to a sense
strand to the `A` antisense strand. The double-stranded region
formed by the annealing of the `S1` and `A` strands is distinct
from and non-overlapping with the double-stranded region formed by
the annealing of the `S2` and `A` strands. An nucleic acid molecule
(e.g., an siNA molecule) may be a "gapped" molecule, meaning a
"gap" ranging from 0 nucleotides up to about 10 nucleotides (e.g.,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 nucleotides). Preferably, the
sense strand is gapped. In some embodiments, the A:S1 duplex is
separated from the A:S2 duplex by a gap resulting from at least one
unpaired nucleotide (up to about 10 unpaired nucleotides) in the
`A` strand that is positioned between the A:S1 duplex and the A:S2
duplex and that is distinct from any one or more unpaired
nucleotide at the 3'-end of one or more of the `A`, `S1`, or `S2
strands. The A:S1 duplex may be separated from the A:B2 duplex by a
gap of zero nucleotides (i.e., a nick in which only a
phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides is broken or missing in
the polynucleotide molecule) between the A:S1 duplex and the A:S2
duplex-which can also be referred to as nicked dsRNA (ndsRNA). For
example, A:S1S2 may be include a dsRNA having at least two
double-stranded regions that combined total about 14 base pairs to
about 40 base pairs and the double-stranded regions are separated
by a gap of about 0 to about 10 nucleotides, optionally having
blunt ends, or A:S1S2 may include a dsRNA having at least two
double-stranded regions separated by a gap of up to 10 nucleotides
wherein at least one of the double-stranded regions includes
between about 5 base pairs and 13 base pairs.
Dicer Substrates
In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA
molecules) provided herein may be a precursor "Dicer substrate"
molecule, e.g., double stranded nucleic acid, processed in vivo to
produce an active nucleic acid molecules, for example as described
in Rossi, US Patent App. No. 20050244858. In certain conditions and
situations, it has been found that these relatively longer dsRNA
siNA species, e.g., of from about 25 to about 30 nucleotides, can
give unexpectedly effective results in terms of potency and
duration of action. Without wishing to be bound by any particular
theory, it is thought that the longer dsRNA species serve as a
substrate for the enzyme Dicer in the cytoplasm of a cell. In
addition to cleaving double stranded nucleic acid into shorter
segments, Dicer may facilitate the incorporation of a
single-stranded cleavage product derived from the cleaved dsRNA
into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC complex) that is
responsible for the destruction of the cytoplasmic RNA derived from
the target gene.
Dicer substrates may have certain properties which enhance its
processing by Dicer. Dicer substrates are of a length sufficient
such that it is processed by Dicer to produce an active nucleic
acid molecule and may further include one or more of the following
properties: (i) the dsRNA is asymmetric, e.g., has a 3' overhang on
the first strand (antisense strand) and (ii) the dsRNA has a
modified 3' end on the antisense strand (sense strand) to direct
orientation of Dicer binding and processing of the dsRNA to an
active siRNA. In certain embodiments, the longest strand in the
Dicer substrate may be 24-30 nucleotides.
Dicer substrates may be symmetric or asymmetric. The Dicer
substrate may have a sense strand includes 22-28 nucleotides and
the antisense strand may include 24-30 nucleotides; thus, in some
embodiments the resulting Dicer substrate may have an overhang on
the 3' end of the antisense strand. Dicer substrate may have a
sense strand 25 nucleotides in length, and the antisense strand
having 27 nucleotides in length with a 2 base 3'-overhang. The
overhang may be 1-3 nucleotides, for example 2 nucleotides. The
sense strand may also have a 5' phosphate.
An asymmetric Dicer substrate may further contain two
deoxynucleotides at the 3'-end of the sense strand in place of two
of the ribonucleotides. Some exemplary Dicer substrates lengths and
structures are 21+0, 21+2, 21-2, 22+0, 22+1, 22-1, 23+0, 23+2,
23-2, 24+0, 24+2, 24-2, 25+0, 25+2, 25-2, 26+0, 26+2, 26-2, 27+0,
27+2, and 27-2.
The sense strand of a Dicer substrate may be between about 22 to
about 30 (e.g., about 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 or 30); about
22 to about 28; about 24 to about 30; about 25 to about 30; about
26 to about 30; about 26 and 29; or about 27 to about 28
nucleotides in length. In certain preferred embodiments Dicer
substrates contain sense and antisense strands, that are at least
about 25 nucleotides in length and no longer than about 30
nucleotides; between about 26 and 29 nucleotides; or 27 nucleotides
in length. The sense and antisense strands may be the same length
(blunt ended), different lengths (have overhangs), or a
combination. The sense and antisense strands may exist on the same
polynucleotide or on different polynucleotides. A Dicer substrate
may have a duplex region of about 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 27
nucleotides.
Like other siNA molecules provided herein, the antisense strand of
a Dicer substrate may have any sequence that anneals to the
antisense strand under biological conditions, such as within the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
Dicer substrates may have any modifications to the nucleotide base,
sugar or phosphate backbone as known in the art and/or as described
herein for other nucleic acid molecules (such as siNA molecules).
In certain embodiments, Dicer substrates may have a sense strand is
modified for Dicer processing by suitable modifiers located at the
3' end of the sense strand, i.e., the dsRNA is designed to direct
orientation of Dicer binding and processing. Suitable modifiers
include nucleotides such as deoxyribonucleotides,
dideoxyribonucleotides, acyclonucleotides and the like and
sterically hindered molecules, such as fluorescent molecules and
the like. Acyclonucleotides substitute a 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl
group for-the 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl sugar normally present in
dNMPs. Other nucleotides modifiers that could be used in Dicer
substrate siNA molecules include 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin),
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI),
2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC),
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d4T) and the monophosphate
nucleotides of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT),
2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) and
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dide-oxythymidine (d4T). In one embodiment,
deoxynucleotides are used as the modifiers. When nucleotide
modifiers are utilized, they may replace ribonucleotides (e.g., 1-3
nucleotide modifiers, or 2 nucleotide modifiers are substituted for
the ribonucleotides on the 3' end of the sense strand) such that
the length of the Dicer substrate does not change. When sterically
hindered molecules are utilized, they may be attached to the
ribonucleotide at the 3' end of the antisense strand. Thus, in
certain embodiments the length of the strand does not change with
the incorporation of the modifiers. In certain embodiments, two DNA
bases in the dsRNA are substituted to direct the orientation of
Dicer processing of the antisense strand. In a further embodiment
of two terminal DNA bases are substituted for two ribonucleotides
on the 3'-end of the sense strand forming a blunt end of the duplex
on the 3' end of the sense strand and the 5' end of the antisense
strand, and a two-nucleotide RNA overhang is located on the 3'-end
of the antisense strand. This is an asymmetric composition with DNA
on the blunt end and RNA bases on the overhanging end.
In certain embodiments modifications are included in the Dicer
substrate such that the modification does not prevent the nucleic
acid molecule from serving as a substrate for Dicer. In one
embodiment, one or more modifications are made that enhance Dicer
processing of the Dicer substrate. One or more modifications may be
made that result in more effective RNAi generation. One or more
modifications may be made that support a greater RNAi effect. One
or more modifications are made that result in greater potency per
each Dicer substrate to be delivered to the cell. Modifications may
be incorporated in the 3'-terminal region, the 5'-terminal region,
in both the 3'-terminal and 5'-terminal region or at various
positions within the sequence. Any number and combination of
modifications can be incorporated into the Dicer substrate so long
as the modification does not prevent the nucleic acid molecule from
serving as a substrate for Dicer. Where multiple modifications are
present, they may be the same or different. Modifications to bases,
sugar moieties, the phosphate backbone, and their combinations are
contemplated. Either 5'-terminus can be phosphorylated.
Examples of Dicer substrate phosphate backbone modifications
include phosphonates, including methylphosphonate,
phosphorothioate, and phosphotriester modifications such as
alkylphosphotriesters, and the like. Examples of Dicer substrate
sugar moiety modifications include 2'-alkyl pyrimidine, such as
2'-O-methyl, 2'-fluoro, amino, and deoxy modifications and the like
(see, e.g., Amarzguioui et al., 2003). Examples of Dicer substrate
base group modifications include abasic sugars, 2-O-alkyl modified
pyrimidines, 4-thiouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-iodouracil, and
5-(3-aminoallyl)-uracil and the like. Locked nucleic acids, or
LNA's, could also be incorporated.
The sense strand may be modified for Dicer processing by suitable
modifiers located at the 3' end of the sense strand, i.e., the
Dicer substrate is designed to direct orientation of Dicer binding
and processing. Suitable modifiers include nucleotides such as
deoxyribonucleotides, dideoxyribonucleotides, acyclonucleotides and
the like and sterically hindered molecules, such as fluorescent
molecules and the like. Acyclonucleotides substitute a
2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group for-the 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl sugar
normally present in dNMPs. Other nucleotides modifiers could
include 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin), 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine
(AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine
(3TC), 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d4T) and the
monophosphate nucleotides of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT),
2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) and
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dide-oxythymidine (d4T). In one embodiment,
deoxynucleotides are used as the modifiers. When nucleotide
modifiers are utilized, 1-3 nucleotide modifiers, or 2 nucleotide
modifiers are substituted for the ribonucleotides on the 3' end of
the sense strand. When sterically hindered molecules are utilized,
they are attached to the ribonucleotide at the 3' end of the
antisense strand. Thus, the length of the strand does not change
with the incorporation of the modifiers. In another embodiment, the
invention contemplates substituting two DNA bases in the Dicer
substrate to direct the orientation of Dicer processing of the
antisense strand. In a further embodiment of the present invention,
two terminal DNA bases are substituted for two ribonucleotides on
the 3'-end of the sense strand forming a blunt end of the duplex on
the 3' end of the sense strand and the 5' end of the antisense
strand, and a two-nucleotide RNA overhang is located on the 3'-end
of the antisense strand. This is an asymmetric composition with DNA
on the blunt end and RNA bases on the overhanging end.
The antisense strand may be modified for Dicer processing by
suitable modifiers located at the 3' end of the antisense strand,
i.e., the dsRNA is designed to direct orientation of Dicer binding
and processing. Suitable modifiers include nucleotides such as
deoxyribonucleotides, dideoxyribonucleotides, acyclonucleotides and
the like and sterically hindered molecules, such as fluorescent
molecules and the like. Acyclonucleotides substitute a
2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group for the 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl sugar
normally present in dNMPs. Other nucleotide modifiers could include
3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin), 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT),
2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC),
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d4T) and the monophosphate
nucleotides of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT),
2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) and
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dide-oxythymidine (d4T). In one embodiment,
deoxynucleotides are used as the modifiers. When nucleotide
modifiers are utilized, 1-3 nucleotide modifiers, or 2 nucleotide
modifiers are substituted for the ribonucleotides on the 3' end of
the antisense strand. When sterically hindered molecules are
utilized, they are attached to the ribonucleotide at the 3' end of
the antisense strand. Thus, the length of the strand does not
change with the incorporation of the modifiers. In another
embodiment, the invention contemplates substituting two DNA bases
in the dsRNA to direct the orientation of Dicer processing. In a
further invention, two terminal DNA bases are located on the 3' end
of the antisense strand in place of two ribonucleotides forming a
blunt end of the duplex on the 5' end of the sense strand and the
3' end of the antisense strand, and a two-nucleotide RNA overhang
is located on the 3'-end of the sense strand. This is an asymmetric
composition with DNA on the blunt end and RNA bases on the
overhanging end.
Dicer substrates with a sense and an antisense strand can be linked
by a third structure. The third structure will not block Dicer
activity on the Dicer substrate and will not interfere with the
directed destruction of the RNA transcribed from the target gene.
The third structure may be a chemical linking group. Suitable
chemical linking groups are known in the art and can be used.
Alternatively, the third structure may be an oligonucleotide that
links the two oligonucleotides of the dsRNA is a manner such that a
hairpin structure is produced upon annealing of the two
oligonucleotides making up the Dicer substrate. The hairpin
structure preferably does not block Dicer activity on the Dicer
substrate or interfere with the directed destruction of the RNA
transcribed from the target gene.
The sense and antisense strands of the Dicer substrate are not
required to be completely complementary. They only need to be
substantially complementary to anneal under biological conditions
and to provide a substrate for Dicer that produces an siRNA
sufficiently complementary to the target sequence.
Dicer substrate can have certain properties that enhance its
processing by Dicer. The Dicer substrate can have a length
sufficient such that it is processed by Dicer to produce an active
nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siRNA) and may have one or more of
the following properties: (i) the Dicer substrate is asymmetric,
e.g., has a 3' overhang on the first strand (antisense strand) and
(ii) the Dicer substrate has a modified 3' end on the second strand
(sense strand) to direct orientation of Dicer binding and
processing of the Dicer substrate to an active siRNA. The Dicer
substrate can be asymmetric such that the sense strand includes
22-28 nucleotides and the antisense strand includes 24-30
nucleotides. Thus, the resulting Dicer substrate has an overhang on
the 3' end of the antisense strand. The overhang is 1-3
nucleotides, for example 2 nucleotides. The sense strand may also
have a 5' phosphate.
A Dicer substrate may have an overhang on the 3' end of the
antisense strand and the sense strand is modified for Dicer
processing. The 5' end of the sense strand may have a phosphate.
The sense and antisense strands may anneal under biological
conditions, such as the conditions found in the cytoplasm of a
cell. A region of one of the strands, particularly the antisense
strand, of the Dicer substrate may have a sequence length of at
least 19 nucleotides, wherein these nucleotides are in the
21-nucleotide region adjacent to the 3' end of the antisense strand
and are sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the
RNA produced from the target gene. A Dicer substrate may also have
one or more of the following additional properties: (a) the
antisense strand has a right shift from a corresponding 21-mer
(i.e., the antisense strand includes nucleotides on the right side
of the molecule when compared to the corresponding 21-mer), (b) the
strands may not be completely complementary, i.e., the strands may
contain simple mismatch pairings and (c) base modifications such as
locked nucleic acid(s) may be included in the 5' end of the sense
strand.
An antisense strand of a Dicer substrate nucleic acid molecule may
be modified to include 1-9 ribonucleotides on the 5'-end to give a
length of 22-28 nucleotides. When the antisense strand has a length
of 21 nucleotides, then 1-7 ribonucleotides, or 2-5 ribonucleotides
and or 4 ribonucleotides may be added on the 3'-end. The added
ribonucleotides may have any sequence. Although the added
ribonucleotides may be complementary to the target gene sequence,
full complementarity between the target sequence and the antisense
strands is not required. That is, the resultant antisense strand is
sufficiently complementary with the target sequence. A sense strand
may then have 24-30 nucleotides. The sense strand may be
substantially complementary with the antisense strand to anneal to
the antisense strand under biological conditions. In one
embodiment, the antisense strand may be synthesized to contain a
modified 3'-end to direct Dicer processing. The sense strand may
have a 3' overhang. The antisense strand may be synthesized to
contain a modified 3'-end for Dicer binding and processing and the
sense strand has a 3' overhang.
Heat Shock Protein 47
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular
chaperone and resides in the endoplasmic reticulum. It interacts
with procollagen during the process of folding, assembling and
transporting from the endoplasmic reticulum (Nagata Trends Biochem
Sci 1996; 21:22-6; Razzaque et al. 2005; Contrib Nephrol 2005; 148:
57-69; Koide et al. 2006 J. Biol. Chem.; 281: 3432-38; Leivo et al.
Dev. Biol. 1980; 76:100-114; Masuda et al. J. Clin. Invest. 1994;
94:2481-2488; Masuda et al. Cell Stress Chaperones 1998;
3:256-264). HSP47 has been reported to have an upregulated
expression in various tissue fibrosis (Koide et al. J Biol Chem
1999; 274: 34523-26), such as liver cirrhosis (Masuda et al. J Clin
Invest 1994; 94:2481-8), pulmonary fibrosis (Razzaque et al.
Virchows Arch 1998; 432:455-60; Kakugawa et al. Eur Respir J 2004;
24: 57-65), and glomerulosclerosis (Moriyama et al. Kidney Int
1998; 54: 110-19). Exemplary nucleic acid sequence of target human
hsp47 cDNA is disclosed in GenBank accession number:
NM.sub.--001235 and the corresponding mRNA sequence, for example as
listed as SEQ ID NO: 1. One of ordinary skill in the art would
understand that a given sequence may change over time and to
incorporate any changes needed in the nucleic acid molecules herein
accordingly.
The specific association of HSP47 with a diverse range of collagen
types makes HSP47 a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis.
Inhibition of hsp47 expression may prevent extracellular collagen I
secretion. Sato et al. (Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26:431-442) explored
this possibility by using siRNA for the inhibition hsp47 expression
and preventing the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats.
Similarly, Chen et al. (Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 1188-1195) and
Wang et al. (Plast. Reconstr Surg 2003; 111: 1980-7) investigated
the inhibition hsp47 expression by RNA interference technology.
Methods and Compositions for Inhibiting hsp47
Provided are compositions and methods for inhibition of hsp47
expression by using small nucleic acid molecules, such as short
interfering nucleic acid (siNA), interfering RNA (RNAi), short
interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA
(miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules capable of
mediating or that mediate RNA interference against hsp47 gene
expression. The composition and methods disclosed herein are also
useful in treating various fibrosis such as liver fibrosis, lung
fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis.
Nucleic acid molecule(s) and/or methods of the invention are used
to down regulate the expression of gene(s) that encode RNA referred
to, by example, Genbank Accession NM.sub.--001235.
Compositions, methods and kits provided herein may include one or
more nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA) and methods that
independently or in combination modulate (e.g., downregulate) the
expression of hsp47 protein and/or genes encoding hsp47 proteins,
proteins and/or genes encoding hsp47 associated with the
maintenance and/or development of diseases, conditions or disorders
associated with hsp47, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, pulmonary
fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, chronic hepatic
damage, and fibrillogenesis (e.g., genes encoding sequences
comprising those sequences referred to by GenBank Accession Nos.
NM.sub.--001235), or a hsp47 gene family member where the genes or
gene family sequences share sequence homology. The description of
the various aspects and embodiments is provided with reference to
exemplary gene hsp47. However, the various aspects and embodiments
are also directed to other related hsp47 genes, such as homolog
genes and transcript variants, and polymorphisms (e.g., single
nucleotide polymorphism, (SNPs)) associated with certain hsp47
genes. As such, the various aspects and embodiments are also
directed to other genes that are involved in hsp47 mediated
pathways of signal transduction or gene expression that are
involved, for example, in the maintenance or development of
diseases, traits, or conditions described herein. These additional
genes can be analyzed for target sites using the methods described
for the hsp47 gene herein. Thus, the modulation of other genes and
the effects of such modulation of the other genes can be performed,
determined, and measured as described herein.
In one embodiment, compositions and methods provided herein include
a double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecule
that down-regulates expression of a hsp47 gene (e.g., human hsp47
exemplified by SEQ ID NO:1), where the nucleic acid molecule
includes about 15 to about 49 base pairs.
In one embodiment, a nucleic acid disclosed may be used to inhibit
the expression of the hsp47 gene or a hsp47 gene family where the
genes or gene family sequences share sequence homology. Such
homologous sequences can be identified as is known in the art, for
example using sequence alignments. Nucleic acid molecules can be
designed to target such homologous sequences, for example using
perfectly complementary sequences or by incorporating non-canonical
base pairs, for example mismatches and/or wobble base pairs, that
can provide additional target sequences. In instances where
mismatches are identified, non-canonical base pairs (for example,
mismatches and/or wobble bases) can be used to generate nucleic
acid molecules that target more than one gene sequence. In a
non-limiting example, non-canonical base pairs such as UU and CC
base pairs are used to generate nucleic acid molecules that are
capable of targeting sequences for differing hsp47 targets that
share sequence homology. As such, one advantage of using siNAs
disclosed herein is that a single nucleic acid can be designed to
include nucleic acid sequence that is complementary to the
nucleotide sequence that is conserved between the homologous genes.
In this approach, a single nucleic acid can be used to inhibit
expression of more than one gene instead of using more than one
nucleic acid molecule to target the different genes.
Nucleic acid molecules may be used to target conserved sequences
corresponding to a gene family or gene families such as hsp47
family genes. As such, nucleic acid molecules targeting multiple
hsp47 targets can provide increased therapeutic effect. In
addition, nucleic acid can be used to characterize pathways of gene
function in a variety of applications. For example, nucleic acid
molecules can be used to inhibit the activity of target gene(s) in
a pathway to determine the function of uncharacterized gene(s) in
gene function analysis, mRNA function analysis, or translational
analysis. The nucleic acid molecules can be used to determine
potential target gene pathways involved in various diseases and
conditions toward pharmaceutical development. The nucleic acid
molecules can be used to understand pathways of gene expression
involved in, for example fibroses such as liver, kidney or
pulmonary fibrosis, and/or inflammatory and proliferative traits,
diseases, disorders, and/or conditions.
In one embodiment, the compositions and methods provided herein
include a nucleic acid molecule having RNAi activity against hsp47
RNA, where the nucleic acid molecule includes a sequence
complementary to any RNA having hsp47 encoding sequence, such as
those sequences having sequences as shown in Table I. In another
embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule may have RNAi activity against
hsp47 RNA, where the nucleic acid molecule includes a sequence
complementary to an RNA having variant hsp47 encoding sequence, for
example other mutant hsp47 genes not shown in Table I but known in
the art to be associated with the maintenance and/or development of
fibrosis. Chemical modifications as shown in Table I or otherwise
described herein can be applied to any nucleic acid construct
disclosed herein. In another embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule
disclosed herein includes a nucleotide sequence that can interact
with nucleotide sequence of a hsp47 gene and thereby mediate
silencing of hsp47 gene expression, for example, wherein the
nucleic acid molecule mediates regulation of hsp47 gene expression
by cellular processes that modulate the chromatin structure or
methylation patterns of the hsp47 gene and prevent transcription of
the hsp47 gene.
Nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein may have RNAi activity
against hsp47 RNA, where the nucleic acid molecule includes a
sequence complementary to any RNA having hsp47 encoding sequence,
such as those sequences having GenBank Accession Nos.
NM.sub.--001235. Nucleic acid molecules may have RNAi activity
against hsp47 RNA, where the nucleic acid molecule includes a
sequence complementary to an RNA having variant hsp47 encoding
sequence, for example other mutant hsp47 genes known in the art to
be associated with the maintenance and/or development of fibrosis.
Nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein include a nucleotide
sequence that can interact with nucleotide sequence of a hsp47 gene
and thereby mediate silencing of hsp47 gene expression, e.g., where
the nucleic acid molecule mediates regulation of hsp47 gene
expression by cellular processes that modulate the chromatin
structure or methylation patterns of the hsp47 gene and prevent
transcription of the hsp47 gene.
Methods of Treatment
The specific association of HSP47 with a diverse range of collagen
types makes hsp47 a target for the treatment of fibrosis.
Inhibition of hsp47 expression may prevent extracellular collagen I
secretion. Sato et al. (Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26:431-442) explored
this possibility by using siRNA for the inhibition hsp47 expression
and preventing the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats.
Similarly, Chen et al. (Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 1188-1195) and
Wang et al. (Plast. Reconstr Surg 2003; 111: 1980-7) investigated
the inhibition hsp47 expression by RNA interference technology.
In one embodiment, nucleic acid molecules may be used to down
regulate or inhibit the expression of hsp47 and/or hsp47 proteins
arising from hsp47 and/or hsp47 haplotype polymorphisms that are
associated with a disease or condition, (e.g., fibrosis). Analysis
of hsp47 and/or hsp47 genes, or hsp47 and/or hsp47 protein or RNA
levels can be used to identify subjects with such polymorphisms or
those subjects who are at risk of developing traits, conditions, or
diseases described herein. These subjects are amenable to
treatment, for example, treatment with nucleic acid molecules
disclosed herein and any other composition useful in treating
diseases related to hsp47 and/or hsp47 gene expression. As such,
analysis of hsp47 and/or hsp47 protein or RNA levels can be used to
determine treatment type and the course of therapy in treating a
subject. Monitoring of hsp47 and/or hsp47 protein or RNA levels can
be used to predict treatment outcome and to determine the efficacy
of compounds and compositions that modulate the level and/or
activity of certain hsp47 and/or hsp47 proteins associated with a
trait, condition, or disease.
Provided are compositions and methods for inhibition of hsp47
expression by using small nucleic acid molecules as provided
herein, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), interfering
RNA (RNAi), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA
(dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules
capable of mediating or that mediate RNA interference against hsp47
gene expression. The composition and methods disclosed herein are
also useful in treating various fibrosis such as liver fibrosis,
lung fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis.
The nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein individually, or in
combination or in conjunction with other drugs, can be use for
preventing or treating diseases, traits, conditions and/or
disorders associated with hsp47, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis,
pulmonary fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, chronic
hepatic damage, and fibrillogenesis.
The nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein are able to inhibit the
expression of hsp47 in a sequence specific manner. The nucleic acid
molecules may include a sense strand and an antisense strand which
include contiguous nucleotides that are at least partially
complementary (antisense) to a hsp47 mRNA.
In some embodiments, dsRNA specific for hsp47 can be used in
conjunction with other dsRNA specific for other molecular
chaperones that assist in the folding of newly synthesized proteins
such as, calnexin, calreticulin, BiP (Bergeron et al. Trends
Biochem. Sci. 1994; 19:124-128; Herbert et al. 1995; Cold Spring
Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:405-415)
Fibrosis can be treated by RNA interference using nucleic acid
molecules as disclosed herein. Exemplary fibrosis include liver
fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, lung fibrosis, kidney fibrosis. The
nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein may inhibit the expression
of hsp47 in a sequence specific manner.
Treatment of fibrosis can be monitored by determining the level of
extracellular collagen using suitable techniques known in the art
such as, using anti-collagen I antibodies. Treatment can also be
monitored by determining the level of hsp47 mRNA or the level of
HSP47 protein in the cells of the affected tissue. Treatment can
also be monitored by non-invasive scanning of the affected organ or
tissue such as by computer assisted tomography scan, magnetic
resonance elastography scans.
A method for treating or preventing hsp47 associated disease or
condition in a subject or organism may include contacting the
subject or organism with a nucleic acid molecule as provided herein
under conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the hsp47
gene in the subject or organism.
A method for treating or preventing fibrosis in a subject or
organism may include contacting the subject or organism with a
nucleic acid molecule under conditions suitable to modulate the
expression of the hsp47 gene in the subject or organism.
A method for treating or preventing one or more fibroses selected
from the group consisting of liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, and
pulmonary fibrosis in a subject or organism may include contacting
the subject or organism with a nucleic acid molecule under
conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the hsp47 gene in
the subject or organism.
Fibrotic Diseases
Fibrotic diseases are generally characterized by the excess
deposition of a fibrous material within the extracellular matrix,
which contributes to abnormal changes in tissue architecture and
interferes with normal organ function.
All tissues damaged by trauma respond by the initiation of a
wound-healing program. Fibrosis, a type of disorder characterized
by excessive scarring, occurs when the normal self-limiting process
of wound healing response is disturbed, and causes excessive
production and deposition of collagen. As a result, normal organ
tissue is replaced with scar tissue, which eventually leads to the
functional failure of the organ.
Fibrosis may be initiated by diverse causes and in various organs.
Liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, keloids and
kidney fibrosis are all chronic conditions associated with
progressive fibrosis, thereby causing a continuous loss of normal
tissue function.
Acute fibrosis (usually with a sudden and severe onset and of short
duration) occurs as a common response to various forms of trauma
including accidental injuries (particularly injuries to the spine
and central nervous system), infections, surgery, ischemic illness
(e.g. cardiac scarring following heart attack), burns,
environmental pollutants, alcohol and other types of toxins, acute
respiratory distress syndrome, radiation and chemotherapy
treatments).
Fibrosis, a fibrosis related pathology or a pathology related to
aberrant crosslinking of cellular proteins may all be treated by
the siRNAs disclosed herein. Fibrotic diseases or diseases in which
fibrosis is evident (fibrosis related pathology) include both acute
and chronic forms of fibrosis of organs, including all etiological
variants of the following: pulmonary fibrosis, including
interstitial lung disease and fibrotic lung disease, liver
fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis including myocardial fibrosis, kidney
fibrosis including chronic renal failure, skin fibrosis including
scleroderma, keloids and hypertrophic scars; myelofibrosis (bone
marrow fibrosis); all types of ocular scarring including
proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and scarring resulting from
surgery to treat cataract or glaucoma; inflammatory bowel disease
of variable etiology, macular degeneration, Grave's ophthalmopathy,
drug induced ergotism, keloid scars, scleroderma, psoriasis,
glioblastoma in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, sporadic glioblastoma,
myleoid leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplastic
syndrome, myeloproferative syndrome, gynecological cancer, Kaposi's
sarcoma, Hansen's disease, and collagenous colitis.
In various embodiments, the compounds (nucleic acid molecules) as
disclosed herein may be used to treat fibrotic diseases, for
example as disclosed herein, as well as many other diseases and
conditions apart from fibrotic diseases, for example such as
disclosed herein. Other conditions to be treated include fibrotic
diseases in other organs--kidney fibrosis for any reason (CKD
including ESRD); lung fibrosis (including ILF); myelofibrosis,
abnormal scarring (keloids) associated with all possible types of
skin injury accidental and jatrogenic (operations); scleroderma;
cardiofibrosis, failure of glaucoma filtering operation; intestinal
adhesions.
Ocular Surgery and Fibrotic Complications
Contracture of scar tissue resulting from eye surgery may often
occur. Glaucoma surgery to create new drainage channels often fails
due to scarring and contraction of tissues and the generated
drainage system may be blocked requiring additional surgical
intervention. Current anti-scarring regimens (Mitomycin C or 5FU)
are limited due to the complications involved (e.g. blindness) e.g.
see Cordeiro M F, et al., Human anti-transforming growth
factor-beta2 antibody: a new glaucoma anti-scarring agent Invest
Ophthalmol V is Sci. 1999 September; 40 (10):2225-34. There may
also be contraction of scar tissue formed after corneal trauma or
corneal surgery, for example laser or surgical treatment for myopia
or refractive error in which contraction of tissues may lead to
inaccurate results. Scar tissue may be formed on/in the vitreous
humor or the retina, for example, and may eventually causes
blindness in some diabetics, and may be formed after detachment
surgery, called proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). PVR is the
most common complication following retinal detachment and is
associated with a retinal hole or break. PVR refers to the growth
of cellular membranes within the vitreous cavity and on the front
and back surfaces of the retina containing retinal pigment
epithelial (RPE) cells. These membranes, which are essentially scar
tissues, exert traction on the retina and may result in recurrences
of retinal detachment, even after an initially successful retinal
detachment procedure.
Scar tissue may be formed in the orbit or on eye and eyelid muscles
after squint, orbital or eyelid surgery, or thyroid eye disease,
and where scarring of the conjunctiva occurs as may happen after
glaucoma surgery or in cicatricial disease, inflammatory disease,
for example, pemphigoid, or infective disease, for example,
trachoma. A further eye problem associated with the contraction of
collagen-including tissues is the opacification and contracture of
the lens capsule after cataract extraction. Important role for MMPs
has been recognized in ocular diseases including wound healing, dry
eye, sterile corneal ulceration, recurrent epithelial erosion,
corneal neovascularization, pterygium, conjuctivochalasis,
glaucoma, PVR, and ocular fibrosis.
Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a generally irreversible consequence of
hepatic damage of several etiologies. In the Western world, the
main etiologic categories are: alcoholic liver disease (30-50%),
viral hepatitis (30%), biliary disease (5-10%), primary
hemochromatosis (5%), and drug-related and cryptogenic cirrhosis
of, unknown etiology, (10-15%). Wilson's disease,
.alpha..sub.1-antitrypsin deficiency and other rare diseases also
have liver fibrosis as one of the symptoms. Liver cirrhosis, the
end stage of liver fibrosis, frequently requires liver
transplantation and is among the top ten causes of death in the
Western world.
Kidney Fibrosis and Related Conditions.
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
Chronic renal failure is a gradual and progressive loss of the
ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and
conserve electrolytes. CRF is slowly progressive. It most often
results from any disease that causes gradual loss of kidney
function, and fibrosis is the main pathology that produces CRF.
Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy, hallmarks of which are glomerulosclerosis and
tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the single most prevalent cause of
end-stage renal disease in the modern world, and diabetic patients
constitute the largest population on dialysis. Such therapy is
costly and far from optimal. Transplantation offers a better
outcome but suffers from a severe shortage of donors.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem
and is recognized as a common condition that is associated with an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic renal failure
(CRF).
The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) of the
National Kidney Foundation (NKF) defines chronic kidney disease as
either kidney damage or a decreased kidney glomerular filtration
rate (GFR) for three or more months. Other markers of CKD are also
known and used for diagnosis. In general, the destruction of renal
mass with irreversible sclerosis and loss of nephrons leads to a
progressive decline in GFR. Recently, the K/DOQI published a
classification of the stages of CKD, as follows:
Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR (>90
mL/min/1.73 m2)
Stage 2: Mild reduction in GFR (60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2)
Stage 3: Moderate reduction in GFR (30-59 mL/min./1.73 m2)
Stage 4: Severe reduction in GFR (15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2)
Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or dialysis)
In stages 1 and 2 CKD, GFR alone does not confirm the diagnosis.
Other markers of kidney damage, including abnormalities in the
composition of blood or urine or abnormalities in imaging tests,
may be relied upon.
Pathophysiology of CKD
Approximately 1 million nephrons are present in each kidney, each
contributing to the total GFR. Irrespective of the etiology of
renal injury, with progressive destruction of nephrons, the kidney
is able to maintain GFR by hyperfiltration and compensatory
hypertrophy of the remaining healthy nephrons. This nephron
adaptability allows for continued normal clearance of plasma
solutes so that substances such as urea and creatinine start to
show significant increases in plasma levels only after total GFR
has decreased to 50%, when the renal reserve has been exhausted.
The plasma creatinine value will approximately double with a 50%
reduction in GFR. Therefore, a doubling in plasma creatinine from a
baseline value of 0.6 mg/dL to 1.2 mg/dL in a patient actually
represents a loss of 50% of functioning nephron mass.
The residual nephron hyperfiltration and hypertrophy, although
beneficial for the reasons noted, is thought to represent a major
cause of progressive renal dysfunction. This is believed to occur
because of increased glomerular capillary pressure, which damages
the capillaries and leads initially to focal and segmental
glomerulosclerosis and eventually to global glomerulosclerosis.
This hypothesis has been based on studies of five-sixths
nephrectomized rats, which develop lesions that are identical to
those observed in humans with CKD.
The two most common causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes
and hypertension. Other factors include acute insults from
nephrotoxins, including contrasting agents, or decreased perfusion;
Proteinuria; Increased renal ammoniagenesis with interstitial
injury; Hyperlipidemia; Hyperphosphatemia with calcium phosphate
deposition; Decreased levels of nitrous oxide and smoking.
In the United States, the incidence and prevalence of CKD is
rising, with poor outcomes and high cost to the health system.
Kidney disease is the ninth leading cause of death in the US. The
high rate of mortality has led the US Surgeon General's mandate for
America's citizenry, Healthy People 2010, to contain a chapter
focused on CKD. The objectives of this chapter are to articulate
goals and to provide strategies to reduce the incidence, morbidity,
mortality, and health costs of chronic kidney disease in the United
States.
The incidence rates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have also
increased steadily internationally since 1989. The United States
has the highest incident rate of ESRD, followed by Japan. Japan has
the highest prevalence per million population, followed by the
US.
The mortality rates associated with hemodialysis are striking and
indicate that the life expectancy of patients entering into
hemodialysis is markedly shortened. At every age, patients with
ESRD on dialysis have significantly increased mortality when
compared with nondialysis patients and individuals without kidney
disease. At age 60 years, a healthy person can expect to live for
more than 20 years, whereas the life expectancy of a 60-year-old
patient starting hemodialysis is closer to 4 years (Aurora and
Verelli, May 21, 2009. Chronic Renal Failure: Treatment &
Medication. Emedicine.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment).
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is scarring of the lung
caused by a variety of inhaled agents including mineral particles,
organic dusts, and oxidant gases, or by unknown reasons (idiopathic
lung fibrosis). The disease afflicts millions of individuals
worldwide, and there are no effective therapeutic approaches. A
major reason for the lack of useful treatments is that few of the
molecular mechanisms of disease have been defined sufficiently to
design appropriate targets for therapy (Lasky J A., Brody A R.
(2000), "Interstitial fibrosis and growth factors", Environ Health
Perspect.; 108 Suppl 4:751-62).
Cardiac Fibrosis
Heart failure is unique among the major cardiovascular disorders in
that it alone is increasing in prevalence while there has been a
striking decrease in other conditions. Some of this can be
attributed to the aging of the populations of the United States and
Europe. The ability to salvage patients with myocardial damage is
also a major factor, as these patients may develop progression of
left ventricular dysfunction due to deleterious remodelling of the
heart.
The normal myocardium is composed of a variety of cells, cardiac
myocytes and noncardiomyocytes, which include endothelial and
vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts.
Structural remodeling of the ventricular wall is a key determinant
of clinical outcome in heart disease. Such remodeling involves the
production and destruction of extracellular matrix proteins, cell
proliferation and migration, and apoptotic and necrotic cell death.
Cardiac fibroblasts are crucially involved in these processes,
producing growth factors and cytokines that act as autocrine and
paracrine factors, as well as extracellular matrix proteins and
proteinases. Recent studies have shown that the interactions
between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes are essential for
the progression of cardiac remodeling of which the net effect is
deterioration in cardiac function and the onset of heart failure
(Manabe I, et al., (2002), "Gene expression in fibroblasts and
fibrosis: involvement in cardiac hypertrophy", Circ Res. 13; 91
(12):1103-13).
Burns and Scars
A particular problem which may arise, particularly in fibrotic
disease, is contraction of tissues, for example contraction of
scars. Contraction of tissues including extracellular matrix
components, especially of collagen-including tissues, may occur in
connection with many different pathological conditions and with
surgical or cosmetic procedures. Contracture, for example, of
scars, may cause physical problems, which may lead to the need for
medical treatment, or it may cause problems of a purely cosmetic
nature. Collagen is the major component of scar and other
contracted tissue and as such is the most important structural
component to consider. Nevertheless, scar and other contracted
tissue also includes other structural components, especially other
extracellular matrix components, for example, elastin, which may
also contribute to contraction of the tissue.
Contraction of collagen-including tissue, which may also include
other extracellular matrix components, frequently occurs in the
healing of burns. The burns may be chemical, thermal or radiation
burns and may be of the eye, the surface of the skin or the skin
and the underlying tissues. It may also be the case that there are
burns on internal tissues, for example, caused by radiation
treatment. Contraction of burnt tissues is often a problem and may
lead to physical and/or cosmetic problems, for example, loss of
movement and/or disfigurement.
Skin grafts may be applied for a variety of reasons and may often
undergo contraction after application. As with the healing of burnt
tissues the contraction may lead to both physical and cosmetic
problems. It is a particularly serious problem where many skin
grafts are needed as, for example, in a serious burns case.
Contraction is also a problem in production of artificial skin. To
make a true artificial skin it is necessary to have an epidermis
made of epithelial cells (keratinocytes) and a dermis made of
collagen populated with fibroblasts. It is important to have both
types of cells because they signal and stimulate each other using
growth factors. The collagen component of the artificial skin often
contracts to less than one tenth of its original area when
populated by fibroblasts.
Cicatricial contraction, contraction due to shrinkage of the
fibrous tissue of a scar, is common. In some cases the scar may
become a vicious cicatrix, a scar in which the contraction causes
serious deformity. A patient's stomach may be effectively separated
into two separate chambers in an hour-glass contracture by the
contraction of scar tissue formed when a stomach ulcer heals.
Obstruction of passages and ducts, cicatricial stenosis, may occur
due to the contraction of scar tissue. Contraction of blood vessels
may be due to primary obstruction or surgical trauma, for example,
after surgery or angioplasty. Stenosis of other hollow visci, for
examples, ureters, may also occur. Problems may occur where any
form of scarring takes place, whether resulting from accidental
wounds or from surgery. Conditions of the skin and tendons which
involve contraction of collagen-including tissues include
post-trauma conditions resulting from surgery or accidents, for
example, hand or foot tendon injuries, post-graft conditions and
pathological conditions, such as scleroderma, Dupuytren's
contracture and epidermolysis bullosa. Scarring and contraction of
tissues in the eye may occur in various conditions, for example,
the sequelae of retinal detachment or diabetic eye disease (as
mentioned above). Contraction of the sockets found in the skull for
the eyeballs and associated structures, including extra-ocular
muscles and eyelids, may occur if there is trauma or inflammatory
damage. The tissues contract within the sockets causing a variety
of problems including double vision and an unsightly
appearance.
For further information on different types of fibrosis see: Molina
V, et al., (2002), "Fibrotic diseases", Harefuah, 141 (11): 973-8,
1009; Yu L, et al., (2002), "Therapeutic strategies to halt renal
fibrosis", Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2 (2):177-81; Keane W F and Lyle P
A. (2003), "Recent advances in management of type 2 diabetes and
nephropathy: lessons from the RENAAL study", Am J Kidney Dis. 41 (3
Suppl 2): S22-5; Bohle A, et al., (1989), "The pathogenesis of
chronic renal failure", Pathol Res Pract. 185 (4):421-40; Kikkawa
R, et al., (1997), "Mechanism of the progression of diabetic
nephropathy to renal failure", Kidney Int Suppl. 62:S39-40;
Bataller R, and Brenner D A. (2001), "Hepatic stellate cells as a
target for the treatment of liver fibrosis", Semin Liver Dis. 21
(3):437-51; Gross T J and Hunninghake G W, (2001) "Idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis", N Engl J. Med. 345 (7):517-25; Frohlich E D.
(2001) "Fibrosis and ischemia: the real risks in hypertensive heart
disease", Am J Hypertens; 14 (6 Pt 2):194S-199S; Friedman S L.
(2003), "Liver fibrosis--from bench to bedside", J. Hepatol. 38
Suppl 1:S38-53; Albanis E, et al., (2003), "Treatment of hepatic
fibrosis: almost there", Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 5 (1):48-56;
(Weber K T. (2000), "Fibrosis and hypertensive heart disease", Curr
Opin Cardiol. 15 (4):264-72).
Delivery of Nucleic Acid Molecules and Pharmaceutical
Formulations
Nucleic acid molecules may be adapted for use to prevent or treat
fibroses (e.g., liver, kidney, peritoneal, and pulmonary) diseases,
traits, conditions and/or disorders, and/or any other trait,
disease, disorder or condition that is related to or will respond
to the levels of hsp47 in a cell or tissue, alone or in combination
with other therapies. A nucleic acid molecule may include a
delivery vehicle, including liposomes, for administration to a
subject, carriers and diluents and their salts, and/or can be
present in pharmaceutically acceptable formulations.
Nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein may be delivered or
administered directly with a carrier or diluent but not any
delivery vehicle that acts to assist, promote or facilitate entry
to the cell, including viral vectors, viral particles, liposome
formulations, lipofectin or precipitating agents and the like.
Nucleic acid molecules may be delivered or administered to a
subject by direct application of the nucleic acid molecules with a
carrier or diluent or any other delivery vehicle that acts to
assist, promote or facilitate entry into a cell, including viral
sequences, viral particular, liposome formulations, lipofectin or
precipitating agents and the like. Polypeptides that facilitate
introduction of nucleic acid into a desired subject such as those
described in US. Application Publication No. 20070155658 (e.g., a
melamine derivative such as 2,4,6-Triguanidino Traizine and
2,4,6-Tramidosarcocyl Melamine, a polyarginine polypeptide, and a
polypeptide including alternating glutamine and asparagine
residues).
Methods for the delivery of nucleic acid molecules are described in
Akhtar et al., Trends Cell Bio., 2: 139 (1992); Delivery Strategies
for Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics, ed. Akhtar, (1995),
Maurer et al., Mol. Membr. Biol., 16: 129-140 (1999); Hofland and
Huang, Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 137: 165-192 (1999); and Lee et al.,
ACS Symp. Ser., 752: 184-192 (2000); U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,395,713;
6,235,310; 5,225,182; 5,169,383; 5,167,616; 4,959217; 4,925,678;
4,487,603; and 4,486,194 and Sullivan et al., PCT WO 94/02595; PCT
WO 00/03683 and PCT WO 02/08754; and U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2003077829. These protocols can be utilized for the
delivery of virtually any nucleic acid molecule. Nucleic acid
molecules can be administered to cells by a variety of methods
known to those of skill in the art, including, but not restricted
to, encapsulation in liposomes, by iontophoresis, or by
incorporation into other vehicles, such as biodegradable polymers,
hydrogels, cyclodextrins (see e.g., Gonzalez et al., Bioconjugate
Chem., 10: 1068-1074 (1999); Wang et al., International PCT
publication Nos. WO 03/47518 and WO 03/46185),
poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) and PLCA microspheres (see for
example U.S. Pat. No. 6,447,796 and U.S. Application Publication
No. 2002130430), biodegradable nanocapsules, and bioadhesive
microspheres, or by proteinaceous vectors (O'Hare and Normand,
International PCT Publication No. WO 00/53722). Alternatively, the
nucleic acid/vehicle combination is locally delivered by direct
injection or by use of an infusion pump. Direct injection of the
nucleic acid molecules of the invention, whether subcutaneous,
intramuscular, or intradermal, can take place using standard needle
and syringe methodologies, or by needle-free technologies such as
those described in Conry et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 5: 2330-2337
(1999) and Barry et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
99/31262. The molecules of the instant invention can be used as
pharmaceutical agents. Pharmaceutical agents prevent, modulate the
occurrence, or treat (alleviate a symptom to some extent,
preferably all of the symptoms) of a disease state in a
subject.
Nucleic acid molecules may be complexed with cationic lipids,
packaged within liposomes, or otherwise delivered to target cells
or tissues. The nucleic acid or nucleic acid complexes can be
locally administered to relevant tissues ex vivo, or in vivo
through direct dermal application, transdermal application, or
injection, with or without their incorporation in biopolymers. The
nucleic acid molecules of the invention may include sequences shown
in Tables I. Examples of such nucleic acid molecules consist
essentially of sequences provided in Table I.
Delivery systems include surface-modified liposomes containing
poly(ethylene glycol) lipids (PEG-modified, or long-circulating
liposomes or stealth liposomes). These formulations offer a method
for increasing the accumulation of drugs in target tissues. This
class of drug carriers resists opsonization and elimination by the
mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS or RES), thereby enabling longer
blood circulation times and enhanced tissue exposure for the
encapsulated drug (Lasic et al. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2601-2627;
Ishiwata et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1995, 43, 1005-1011).
Nucleic acid molecules may be formulated or complexed with
polyethylenimine (e.g., linear or branched PEI) and/or
polyethylenimine derivatives, including for example
polyethyleneimine-polyethyleneglycol-N-acetylgalactosamine
(PEI-PEG-GAL) or
polyethyleneimine-polyethyleneglycol-tri-N-acetylgalactosamine
(PEI-PEG-triGAL) derivatives, grafted PEIs such as galactose PEI,
cholesterol PEI, antibody derivatized PEI, and polyethylene glycol
PEI (PEG-PEI) derivatives thereof (see for example Ogris et al.,
2001, AAPA PharmSci, 3, 1-11; Furgeson et al., 2003, Bioconjugate
Chem., 14, 840-847; Kunath et al., 2002, Pharmaceutical Research,
19, 810-817; Choi et al, 2001, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 22, 46-52;
Bettinger et al., 1999, Bioconjugate Chem., 10, 558-561; Peterson
et al., 2002, Bioconjugate Chem., 13, 845-854; Erbacher et al.,
1999, Journal of Gene Medicine Preprint, 1, 1-18; Godbey et al.,
1999, PNAS USA, 96, 5177-5181; Godbey et al., 1999, Journal of
Controlled Release, 60, 149-160; Diebold et al., 1999, Journal of
Biological Chemistry, 274, 19087-19094; Thomas and Klibanov, 2002,
PNAS USA, 99, 14640-14645; Sagara, U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,524 and
United States Patent Application Publication No. 20030077829.
Nucleic acid molecules may be complexed with membrane disruptive
agents such as those described in U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 20010007666. The membrane disruptive agent or
agents and the nucleic acid molecule may also be complexed with a
cationic lipid or helper lipid molecule, such as those lipids
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,310.
The nucleic acid molecules may be administered via pulmonary
delivery, such as by inhalation of an aerosol or spray dried
formulation administered by an inhalation device or nebulizer,
providing rapid local uptake of the nucleic acid molecules into
relevant pulmonary tissues. Solid particulate compositions
containing respirable dry particles of micronized nucleic acid
compositions can be prepared by grinding dried or lyophilized
nucleic acid compositions, and then passing the micronized
composition through, for example, a 400 mesh screen to break up or
separate out large agglomerates. A solid particulate composition
comprising the nucleic acid compositions of the invention can
optionally contain a dispersant which serves to facilitate the
formation of an aerosol as well as other therapeutic compounds. A
suitable dispersant is lactose, which can be blended with the
nucleic acid compound in any suitable ratio, such as a 1 to 1 ratio
by weight.
Aerosols of liquid particles may include a nucleic acid molecules
disclosed herein and can be produced by any suitable means, such as
with a nebulizer (see e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,729). Nebulizers
are commercially available devices which transform solutions or
suspensions of an active ingredient into a therapeutic aerosol mist
either by means of acceleration of a compressed gas, typically air
or oxygen, through a narrow venturi orifice or by means of
ultrasonic agitation. Suitable formulations for use in nebulizers
include the active ingredient in a liquid carrier in an amount of
up to 40% w/w preferably less than 20% w/w of the formulation. The
carrier is typically water or a dilute aqueous alcoholic solution,
preferably made isotonic with body fluids by the addition of, e.g.,
sodium chloride or other suitable salts. Optional additives include
preservatives if the formulation is not prepared sterile, e.g.,
methyl hydroxybenzoate, anti-oxidants, flavorings, volatile oils,
buffering agents and emulsifiers and other formulation surfactants.
The aerosols of solid particles including the active composition
and surfactant can likewise be produced with any solid particulate
aerosol generator. Aerosol generators for administering solid
particulate therapeutics to a subject produce particles which are
respirable, as explained above, and generate a volume of aerosol
containing a predetermined metered dose of a therapeutic
composition at a rate suitable for human administration. One
illustrative type of solid particulate aerosol generator is an
insufflator. Suitable formulations for administration by
insufflation include finely comminuted powders which can be
delivered by means of an insufflator. In the insufflator, the
powder, e.g., a metered dose thereof effective to carry out the
treatments described herein, is contained in capsules or
cartridges, typically made of gelatin or plastic, which are either
pierced or opened in situ and the powder delivered by air drawn
through the device upon inhalation or by means of a
manually-operated pump. The powder employed in the insufflator
consists either solely of the active ingredient or of a powder
blend comprising the active ingredient, a suitable powder diluent,
such as lactose, and an optional surfactant. The active ingredient
typically includes from 0.1 to 100 w/w of the formulation. A second
type of illustrative aerosol generator includes a metered dose
inhaler. Metered dose inhalers are pressurized aerosol dispensers,
typically containing a suspension or solution formulation of the
active ingredient in a liquefied propellant. During use these
devices discharge the formulation through a valve adapted to
deliver a metered volume to produce a fine particle spray
containing the active ingredient. Suitable propellants include
certain chlorofluorocarbon compounds, e.g.,
dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,
dichlorotetrafluoroethane and mixtures thereof. The formulation can
additionally contain one or more co-solvents, for example, ethanol,
emulsifiers and other formulation surfactants, such as oleic acid
or sorbitan trioleate, anti-oxidants and suitable flavoring agents.
Other methods for pulmonary delivery are described in, e.g., US
Patent Application No. 20040037780, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,592,904;
6,582,728; 6,565,885. PCT Patent Publication No. WO2008/132723
relates to aerosol delivery of oligonucleotides in general, and of
siRNA in particular, to the respiratory system.
Nucleic acid molecules may be administered to the central nervous
system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). Experiments have
demonstrated the efficient in vivo uptake of nucleic acids by
neurons. See e.g., Sommer et al., 1998, Antisense Nuc. Acid Drug
Dev., 8, 75; Epa et al., 2000, Antisense Nuc. Acid Drug Dev., 10,
469; Broaddus et al., 1998, J. Neurosurg., 88(4), 734; Karle et
al., 1997, Eur. J. Pharmocol., 340 (2/3), 153; Bannai et al., 1998,
Brain Research, 784 (1,2), 304; Rajakumar et al., 1997, Synapse,
26(3), 199; Wu-pong et al., 1999, BioPharm, 12 (1), 32; Bannai et
al., 1998, Brain Res. Protoc., 3 (1), 83; and Simantov et al.,
1996, Neuroscience, 74 (1), 39. Nucleic acid molecules are
therefore amenable to delivery to and uptake by cells in the CNS
and/or PNS.
Delivery of nucleic acid molecules to the CNS is provided by a
variety of different strategies. Traditional approaches to CNS
delivery that can be used include, but are not limited to,
intrathecal and intracerebroventricular administration,
implantation of catheters and pumps, direct injection or perfusion
at the site of injury or lesion, injection into the brain arterial
system, or by chemical or osmotic opening of the blood-brain
barrier. Other approaches can include the use of various transport
and carrier systems, for example though the use of conjugates and
biodegradable polymers. Furthermore, gene therapy approaches, e.g.,
as described in Kaplitt et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,180,613 and
Davidson, WO 04/013280, can be used to express nucleic acid
molecules in the CNS.
Delivery systems may include, for example, aqueous and nonaqueous
gels, creams, multiple emulsions, microemulsions, liposomes,
ointments, aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, lotions, aerosols,
hydrocarbon bases and powders, and can contain excipients such as
solubilizers, permeation enhancers (e.g., fatty acids, fatty acid
esters, fatty alcohols and amino acids), and hydrophilic polymers
(e.g., polycarbophil and polyvinylpyrolidone). In one embodiment,
the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a liposome or a
transdermal enhancer. Examples of liposomes which can be used in
this invention include the following: (1) CellFectin, 1:1.5 (M/M)
liposome formulation of the cationic lipid
N,NI,NII,NIII-tetramethyl-N,NI,NII,NIII-tetrapalmit-y-spermine and
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (GIBCO BRL); (2)
Cytofectin GSV, 2:1 (M/M) liposome formulation of a cationic lipid
and DOPE (Glen Research); (3) DOTAP
(N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)-N,N,N-tri-methyl-ammoniummethylsulfate)
(Boehringer Manheim); and (4) Lipofectamine, 3:1 (M/M) liposome
formulation of the polycationic lipid DOSPA, the neutral lipid DOPE
(GIBCO BRL) and Di-Alkylated Amino Acid (DiLA2).
Delivery systems may include patches, tablets, suppositories,
pessaries, gels and creams, and can contain excipients such as
solubilizers and enhancers (e.g., propylene glycol, bile salts and
amino acids), and other vehicles (e.g., polyethylene glycol, fatty
acid esters and derivatives, and hydrophilic polymers such as
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hyaluronic acid).
Nucleic acid molecules may be formulated or complexed with
polyethylenimine (e.g., linear or branched PEI) and/or
polyethylenimine derivatives, including for example grafted PEIs
such as galactose PEI, cholesterol PEI, antibody derivatized PEI,
and polyethylene glycol PEI (PEG-PEI) derivatives thereof (see for
example Ogris et al., 2001, AAPA PharmSci, 3, 1-11; Furgeson et
al., 2003, Bioconjugate Chem., 14, 840-847; Kunath et al., 2002,
Pharmaceutical Research, 19, 810-817; Choi et al., 2001, Bull.
Korean Chem. Soc., 22, 46-52; Bettinger et al., 1999, Bioconjugate
Chem., 10, 558-561; Peterson et al., 2002, Bioconjugate Chem., 13,
845-854; Erbacher et al., 1999, Journal of Gene Medicine Preprint,
1, 1-18; Godbey et al., 1999., PNAS USA, 96, 5177-5181; Godbey et
al., 1999, Journal of Controlled Release, 60, 149-160; Diebold et
al., 1999, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 19087-19094;
Thomas and Klibanov, 2002, PNAS USA, 99, 14640-14645; and Sagara,
U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,524.
Nucleic acid molecules may include a bioconjugate, for example a
nucleic acid conjugate as described in Vargeese et al., U.S. Ser.
No. 10/427,160; U.S. Pat. No. 6,528,631; U.S. Pat. No. 6,335,434;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,886; U.S. Pat. No. 6,153,737; U.S. Pat. No.
5,214,136; U.S. Pat. No. 5,138,045.
Compositions, methods and kits disclosed herein may include an
expression vector that includes a nucleic acid sequence encoding at
least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention in a manner that
allows expression of the nucleic acid molecule. Methods of
introducing nucleic acid molecules or one or more vectors capable
of expressing the strands of dsRNA into the environment of the cell
will depend on the type of cell and the make up of its environment.
The nucleic acid molecule or the vector construct may be directly
introduced into the cell (i.e., intracellularly); or introduced
extracellularly into a cavity, interstitial space, into the
circulation of an organism, introduced orally, or may be introduced
by bathing an organism or a cell in a solution containing dsRNA.
The cell is preferably a mammalian cell; more preferably a human
cell. The nucleic acid molecule of the expression vector can
include a sense region and an antisense region. The antisense
region can include a sequence complementary to a RNA or DNA
sequence encoding hsp47 and the sense region can include a sequence
complementary to the antisense region. The nucleic acid molecule
can include two distinct strands having complementary sense and
antisense regions. The nucleic acid molecule can include a single
strand having complementary sense and antisense regions.
Nucleic acid molecules that interact with target RNA molecules and
down-regulate gene encoding target RNA molecules (e.g., target RNA
molecules referred to by Genbank Accession numbers herein) may be
expressed from transcription units inserted into DNA or RNA
vectors. Recombinant vectors can be DNA plasmids or viral vectors.
Nucleic acid molecule expressing viral vectors can be constructed
based on, but not limited to, adeno-associated virus, retrovirus,
adenovirus, or alphavirus. The recombinant vectors capable of
expressing the nucleic acid molecules can be delivered as described
herein, and persist in target cells. Alternatively, viral vectors
can be used that provide for transient expression of nucleic acid
molecules. Such vectors can be repeatedly administered as
necessary. Once expressed, the nucleic acid molecules bind and
down-regulate gene function or expression via RNA interference
(RNAi). Delivery of nucleic acid molecule expressing vectors can be
systemic, such as by intravenous or intramuscular administration,
by administration to target cells ex-planted from a subject
followed by reintroduction into the subject, or by any other means
that would allow for introduction into the desired target cell.
Expression vectors may include a nucleic acid sequence encoding at
least one nucleic acid molecule disclosed herein, in a manner which
allows expression of the nucleic acid molecule. For example, the
vector may contain sequence(s) encoding both strands of a nucleic
acid molecule that include a duplex. The vector can also contain
sequence(s) encoding a single nucleic acid molecule that is
self-complementary and thus forms a nucleic acid molecule.
Non-limiting examples of such expression vectors are described in
Paul et al., 2002, Nature Biotechnology, 19, 505; Miyagishi and
Taira, 2002, Nature Biotechnology, 19, 497; Lee et al., 2002,
Nature Biotechnology, 19, 500; and Novina et al., 2002, Nature
Medicine, advance online publication doi:10.1038/nm725. Expression
vectors may also be included in a mammalian (e.g., human) cell.
An expression vector may include a nucleic acid sequence encoding
two or more nucleic acid molecules, which can be the same or
different. Expression vectors may include a sequence for a nucleic
acid molecule complementary to a nucleic acid molecule referred to
by a Genbank Accession number NM.sub.--001235, for example those
shown in Table I.
An expression vector may encode one or both strands of a nucleic
acid duplex, or a single self-complementary strand that self
hybridizes into a nucleic acid duplex. The nucleic acid sequences
encoding nucleic acid molecules can be operably linked in a manner
that allows expression of the nucleic acid molecule (see for
example Paul et al., 2002, Nature Biotechnology, 19, 505; Miyagishi
and Taira, 2002, Nature Biotechnology, 19, 497; Lee et al., 2002,
Nature Biotechnology, 19, 500; and Novina et al., 2002, Nature
Medicine, advance online publication doi:10.1038/nm725).
An expression vector may include one or more of the following: a) a
transcription initiation region (e.g., eukaryotic pol I, II or III
initiation region); b) a transcription termination region (e.g.,
eukaryotic pol I, II or III termination region); c) an intron and
d) a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one of the nucleic
acid molecules, wherein said sequence is operably linked to the
initiation region and the termination region in a manner that
allows expression and/or delivery of the nucleic acid molecule. The
vector can optionally include an open reading frame (ORF) for a
protein operably linked on the 5' side or the 3'-side of the
sequence encoding the nucleic acid molecule; and/or an intron
(intervening sequences).
Transcription of the nucleic acid molecule sequences can be driven
from a promoter for eukaryotic RNA polymerase I (pol I), RNA
polymerase II (pol II), or RNA polymerase III (pol III).
Transcripts from pol II or pol III promoters are expressed at high
levels in all cells; the levels of a given pol II promoter in a
given cell type depends on the nature of the gene regulatory
sequences (enhancers, silencers, etc.) present nearby. Prokaryotic
RNA polymerase promoters are also used, providing that the
prokaryotic RNA polymerase enzyme is expressed in the appropriate
cells (Elroy-Stein and Moss, 1990, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87,
6743-7; Gao and Huang 1993, Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 2867-72; Lieber
et al., 1993, Methods Enzymol., 217, 47-66; Zhou et al., 1990, Mol.
Cell. Biol., 10, 4529-37). Several investigators have demonstrated
that nucleic acid molecules expressed from such promoters can
function in mammalian cells (e.g. Kashani-Sabet et al., 1992,
Antisense Res. Dev., 2, 3-15; Ojwang et al., 1992, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10802-6; Chen et al., 1992, Nucleic Acids Res.,
20, 4581-9; Yu et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90,
6340-4; L'Huillier et al., 1992, EMBO J., 11, 4411-8; Lisziewicz et
al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 90, 8000-4; Thompson et
al., 1995, Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 2259; Sullenger & Cech,
1993, Science, 262, 1566). More specifically, transcription units
such as the ones derived from genes encoding U6 small nuclear
(snRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and adenovirus VA RNA are useful in
generating high concentrations of desired RNA molecules such as
siNA in cells (Thompson et al., supra; Couture and Stinchcomb,
1996, supra; Noonberg et al., 1994, Nucleic Acid Res., 22, 2830;
Noonberg et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,803; Good et al., 1997, Gene
Ther., 4, 45; Beigelman et al., International PCT Publication No.
WO 96/18736. The above nucleic acid transcription units can be
incorporated into a variety of vectors for introduction into
mammalian cells, including but not restricted to, plasmid DNA
vectors, viral DNA vectors (such as adenovirus or adeno-associated
virus vectors), or viral RNA vectors (such as retroviral or
alphavirus vectors) (see Couture and Stinchcomb, 1996 supra).
Nucleic acid molecule may be expressed within cells from eukaryotic
promoters (e.g., Izant and Weintraub, 1985, Science, 229, 345;
McGarry and Lindquist, 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 83, 399;
Scanlon et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 10591-5;
Kashani-Sabet et al., 1992, Antisense Res. Dev., 2, 3-15; Dropulic
et al., 1992, J. Virol., 66, 1432-41; Weerasinghe et al., 1991, J.
Virol., 65, 5531-4; Ojwang et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 89, 10802-6; Chen et al., 1992, Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 4581-9;
Sarver et al., 1990 Science, 247, 1222-1225; Thompson et al., 1995,
Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 2259; Good et al., 1997, Gene Therapy, 4,
45. Those skilled in the art realize that any nucleic acid can be
expressed in eukaryotic cells from the appropriate DNA/RNA vector.
The activity of such nucleic acids can be augmented by their
release from the primary transcript by a enzymatic nucleic acid
(Draper et al., PCT WO 93/23569, and Sullivan et al., PCT WO
94/02595; Ohkawa et al., 1992, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser., 27, 15-6;
Taira et al., 1991, Nucleic Acids Res., 19, 5125-30; Ventura et
al., 1993, Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 3249-55; Chowrira et al., 1994,
J. Biol. Chem., 269, 25856.
A viral construct packaged into a viral particle would accomplish
both efficient introduction of an expression construct into the
cell and transcription of dsRNA construct encoded by the expression
construct.
Methods for oral introduction include direct mixing of RNA with
food of the organism, as well as engineered approaches in which a
species that is used as food is engineered to express an RNA, then
fed to the organism to be affected. Physical methods may be
employed to introduce a nucleic acid molecule solution into the
cell. Physical methods of introducing nucleic acids include
injection of a solution containing the nucleic acid molecule,
bombardment by particles covered by the nucleic acid molecule,
soaking the cell or organism in a solution of the RNA, or
electroporation of cell membranes in the presence of the nucleic
acid molecule.
Other methods known in the art for introducing nucleic acids to
cells may be used, such as lipid-mediated carrier transport,
chemical mediated transport, such as calcium phosphate, and the
like. Thus the nucleic acid molecules may be introduced along with
components that perform one or more of the following activities:
enhance RNA uptake by the cell, promote annealing of the duplex
strands, stabilize the annealed strands, or other-wise increase
inhibition of the target gene.
The nucleic acid molecules or the vector construct can be
introduced into the cell using suitable formulations. One
preferable formulation is with a lipid formulation such as in
Lipofectamine.TM. 2000 (Invitrogen, CA, USA), vitamin A coupled
liposomes (Sato et al. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26:431-442, PCT Patent
Publication No. WO 2006/068232). Lipid formulations can also be
administered to animals such as by intravenous, intramuscular, or
intraperitoneal injection, or orally or by inhalation or other
methods as are known in the art. When the formulation is suitable
for administration into animals such as mammals and more
specifically humans, the formulation is also pharmaceutically
acceptable. Pharmaceutically acceptable formulations for
administering oligonucleotides are known and can be used. In some
instances, it may be preferable to formulate dsRNA in a buffer or
saline solution and directly inject the formulated dsRNA into
cells, as in studies with oocytes. The direct injection of dsRNA
duplexes may also be done. For suitable methods of introducing
dsRNA see U.S. published patent application No. 2004/0203145,
20070265220 which are incorporated herein by reference.
Polymeric nanocapsules or microcapsules facilitate transport and
release of the encapsulated or bound dsRNA into the cell. They
include polymeric and monomeric materials, especially including
polybutylcyanoacrylate. A summary of materials and fabrication
methods has been published (see Kreuter, 1991). The polymeric
materials which are formed from monomeric and/or oligomeric
precursors in the polymerization/nanoparticle generation step, are
per se known from the prior art, as are the molecular weights and
molecular weight distribution of the polymeric material which a
person skilled in the field of manufacturing nanoparticles may
suitably select in accordance with the usual skill.
Nucleic acid moles may be formulated as a microemulsion. A
microemulsion is a system of water, oil and amphiphile which is a
single optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable liquid
solution. Typically microemulsions are prepared by first dispersing
an oil in an aqueous surfactant solution and then adding a
sufficient amount of a 4th component, generally an intermediate
chain-length alcohol to form a transparent system.
Surfactants that may be used in the preparation of microemulsions
include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, non-ionic
surfactants, Brij 96, polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers, polyglycerol
fatty acid esters, tetraglycerol monolaurate (ML310), tetraglycerol
monooleate (MO310), hexaglycerol monooleate (PO310), hexaglycerol
pentaoleate (PO500), decaglycerol monocaprate (MCA750),
decaglycerol monooleate (MO750), decaglycerol sequioleate (SO750),
decaglycerol decaoleate (DA0750), alone or in combination with
cosurfactants. The cosurfactant, usually a short-chain alcohol such
as ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol, serves to increase the
interfacial fluidity by penetrating into the surfactant film and
consequently creating a disordered film because of the void space
generated among surfactant molecules.
Water Soluble Crosslinked Polymers
Delivery formulations can include water soluble degradable
crosslinked polymers that include one or more degradable
crosslinking lipid moiety, one or more PEI moiety, and/or one or
more mPEG (methyl ether derivative of PEG (methoxypoly(ethylene
glycol)).
Degradable lipid moieties preferably include compounds having the
following structural motif:
##STR00010##
In the above formula, ester linkages are biodegradable groups, R
represents a relatively hydrophobic "lipo" group, and the
structural motif shown occurs m times where m is in the range of
about 1 to about 30. For example, in certain embodiments R is
selected from the group consisting of C2-C50 alkyl, C2-C50
heteroalkyl, C2-C50 alkenyl, C2-C50 heteroalkenyl, C5-C50 aryl;
C2-C50 heteroaryl; C2-C50 alkynyl, C2-C50 heteroalkynyl, C2-C50
carboxyalkenyl, and C2-C50 carboxyheteroalkenyl. In preferred
embodiments. R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl having 4 to 30
carbons, more preferably 8 to 24 carbons or a sterol, preferably a
cholesteryl moiety. In preferred embodiments, R is oleic, lauric,
myristic, palmitic margaric, stearic, arachidic, behenic, or
lignoceric. In a most preferred embodiment, R is oleic.
The N in formula (B) may have an electron pair or a bond to a
hydrogen atom. When N has an electron pair, the recurring unit may
be cationic at low pH.
The degradable crosslinking lipid moiety may be reacted with a
polyethyleneimine (PEI) as shown in Scheme A below:
##STR00011##
In formula (A), R has the same meanings as described above. The PEI
may contain recurring units of formula (B) in which x is an integer
in the range of about 1 to about 100 and y is an integer in the
range of about 1 to about 100.
##STR00012##
The reaction illustrated in Scheme A may be carried out by
intermixing the PEI and the diacrylate (I) in a mutual solvent such
as ethanol, methanol or dichloromethane with stirring, preferably
at room temperature for several hours, then evaporating the solvent
to recover the resulting polymer. While not wishing to be bound to
any particular theory, it is believed that the reaction between the
PEI and diacrylate (I) involves a Michael reaction between one or
more amines of the PEI with double bond(s) of the diacrylate (see
J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry 3rd Ed, pp. 711-712 (1985)).
The di acrylate shown in Scheme A may be prepared in the manner as
described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,986 (US Publication
No. 2006/0258751).
The molecular weight of the PEI is preferably in the range of about
200 to 25,000 Daltons more preferably 400 to 5,000 Daltons, yet
more preferably 600 to 2000 Daltons. PEI may be either branched or
linear.
The molar ratio of PEI to diacrylate is preferably in the range of
about 1:2 to about 1:20. The weight average molecular weight of the
cationic lipopolymer may be in the range of about 500 Daltons to
about 1,000,000 Daltons preferably in the range of about 2,000
Daltons to about 200.000 Daltons. Molecular weights may be
determined by size exclusion chromatography using PEG standards or
by agarose gel electrophoresis.
The cationic lipopolymer is preferably degradable, more preferably
biodegradable, e.g., degradable by a mechanism selected from the
group consisting of hydrolysis, enzyme cleavage, reduction,
photo-cleavage, and sonication. While not wishing to be bound to
any particular theory, but it is believed that degradation of the
cationic lipopolymer of formula (II) within the cell proceeds by
enzymatic cleavage and/or hydrolysis of the ester linkages.
Synthesis may be carried out by reacting the degradable lipid
moiety with the PEI moiety as described above. Then the mPEG
(methyl ether derivative of PEG (methoxypoly (ethylene glycol)), is
added to form the degradable crosslinked polymer. In preferred
embodiments, the reaction is carried out at room temperature. The
reaction products may be isolated by any means known in the art
including chromatographic techniques. In a preferred embodiment,
the reaction product may be removed by precipitation followed by
centrifugation.
Dosages
The useful dosage to be administered and the particular mode of
administration will vary depending upon such factors as the cell
type, or for in vivo use, the age, weight and the particular animal
and region thereof to be treated, the particular nucleic acid and
delivery method used, the therapeutic or diagnostic use
contemplated, and the form of the formulation, for example,
suspension, emulsion, micelle or liposome, as will be readily
apparent to those skilled in the art. Typically, dosage is
administered at lower levels and increased until the desired effect
is achieved.
When lipids are used to deliver the nucleic acid, the amount of
lipid compound that is administered can vary and generally depends
upon the amount of nucleic acid being administered. For example,
the weight ratio of lipid compound to nucleic acid is preferably
from about 1:1 to about 30:1, with a weight ratio of about 5:1 to
about 10:1 being more preferred.
A suitable dosage unit of nucleic acid molecules may be in the
range of 0.001 to 0.25 milligrams per kilogram body weight of the
recipient per day, or in the range of 0.01 to 20 micrograms per
kilogram body weight per day, or in the range of 0.01 to 10
micrograms per kilogram body weight per day, or in the range of
0.10 to 5 micrograms per kilogram body weight per day, or in the
range of 0.1 to 2.5 micrograms per kilogram body weight per
day.
Suitable amounts of nucleic acid molecules may be introduced and
these amounts can be empirically determined using standard methods.
Effective concentrations of individual nucleic acid molecule
species in the environment of a cell may be about 1 femtomolar,
about 50 femtomolar, 100 femtomolar, 1 picomolar, 1.5 picomolar,
2.5 picomolar, 5 picomolar, 10 picomolar, 25 picomolar, 50
picomolar, 100 picomolar, 500 picomolar, 1 nanomolar, 2.5
nanomolar, 5 nanomolar, 10 nanomolar, 25 nanomolar, 50 nanomolar,
100 nanomolar, 500 nanomolar, 1 micromolar, 2.5 micromolar, 5
micromolar, 10 micromolar, 100 micromolar or more.
Dosage may be from 0.01 .mu.g to 1 g per kg of body weight (e.g.,
0.1 .mu.g, 0.25 .mu.g, 0.5 .mu.g, 0.75 .mu.g, 1 .mu.g, 2.5 .mu.g, 5
.mu.g, 10 .mu.g, 25 .mu.g, 50 .mu.g, 100 .mu.g, 250 .mu.g, 500
.mu.g, 1 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, or
500 mg per kg).
Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per
kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the treatment of the
above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per subject
per day). The amount of active ingredient that can be combined with
the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form varies
depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of
administration. Dosage unit forms generally contain between from
about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.
It is understood that the specific dose level for any particular
subject depends upon a variety of factors including the activity of
the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general
health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration,
and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the
particular disease undergoing therapy.
Pharmaceutical compositions that include the nucleic acid molecule
disclosed herein may be administered once daily, qid, tid, bid, QD,
or at any interval and for any duration that is medically
appropriate. However, the therapeutic agent may also be dosed in
dosage units containing two, three, four, five, six or more
sub-doses administered at appropriate intervals throughout the day.
In that case, the nucleic acid molecules contained in each sub-dose
may be correspondingly smaller in order to achieve the total daily
dosage unit. The dosage unit can also be compounded for a single
dose over several days, e.g., using a conventional sustained
release formulation which provides sustained and consistent release
of the dsRNA over a several day period. Sustained release
formulations are well known in the art. The dosage unit may contain
a corresponding multiple of the daily dose. The composition can be
compounded in such a way that the sum of the multiple units of a
nucleic acid together contain a sufficient dose.
Pharmaceutical Compositions, Kits, and Containers
Also provided are compositions, kits, containers and formulations
that include a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., an siNA molecule) as
provided herein for reducing expression of hsp47 for administering
or distributing the nucleic acid molecule to a patient. A kit may
include at least one container and at least one label. Suitable
containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, and test
tubes. The containers can be formed from a variety of materials
such as glass, metal or plastic. The container can hold amino acid
sequence(s), small molecule(s), nucleic acid sequence(s), cell
population(s) and/or antibody(s). In one embodiment, the container
holds a polynucleotide for use in examining the mRNA expression
profile of a cell, together with reagents used for this purpose. In
another embodiment a container includes an antibody, binding
fragment thereof or specific binding protein for use in evaluating
hsp47 protein expression cells and tissues, or for relevant
laboratory, prognostic, diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic
purposes; indications and/or directions for such uses can be
included on or with such container, as can reagents and other
compositions or tools used for these purposes. Kits may further
include associated indications and/or directions; reagents and
other compositions or tools used for such purpose can also be
included.
The container can alternatively hold a composition that is
effective for treating, diagnosis, prognosing or prophylaxing a
condition and can have a sterile access port (for example the
container can be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a
stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). The active
agents in the composition can be a nucleic acid molecule capable of
specifically binding hsp47 and/or modulating the function of
hsp47.
A kit may further include a second container that includes a
pharmaceutically-acceptable buffer, such as phosphate-buffered
saline, Ringer's solution and/or dextrose solution. It can further
include other materials desirable from a commercial and user
standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, stirrers,
needles, syringes, and/or package inserts with indications and/or
instructions for use.
The units dosage ampoules or multidose containers, in which the
nucleic acid molecules are packaged prior to use, may include an
hermetically sealed container enclosing an amount of polynucleotide
or solution containing a polynucleotide suitable for a
pharmaceutically effective dose thereof, or multiples of an
effective dose. The polynucleotide is packaged as a sterile
formulation, and the hermetically sealed container is designed to
preserve sterility of the formulation until use.
The container in which the polynucleotide including a sequence
encoding a cellular immune response element or fragment thereof may
include a package that is labeled, and the label may bear a notice
in the form prescribed by a governmental agency, for example the
Food and Drug Administration, which notice is reflective of
approval by the agency under Federal law, of the manufacture, use,
or sale of the polynucleotide material therein for human
administration.
Federal law requires that the use of pharmaceutical compositions in
the therapy of humans be approved by an agency of the Federal
government. In the United States, enforcement is the responsibility
of the Food and Drug Administration, which issues appropriate
regulations for securing such approval, detailed in 21 U.S.C.
.sctn.301-392. Regulation for biologic material, including products
made from the tissues of animals is provided under 42 U.S.C.
.sctn.262. Similar approval is required by most foreign countries.
Regulations vary from country to country, but individual procedures
are well known to those in the art and the compositions and methods
provided herein preferably comply accordingly.
The dosage to be administered depends to a large extent on the
condition and size of the subject being treated as well as the
frequency of treatment and the route of administration. Regimens
for continuing therapy, including dose and frequency may be guided
by the initial response and clinical judgment. The parenteral route
of injection into the interstitial space of tissues is preferred,
although other parenteral routes, such as inhalation of an aerosol
formulation, may be required in specific administration, as for
example to the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, bronchial
tissues or lungs.
As such, provided herein is a pharmaceutical product which may
include a polynucleotide including a sequence encoding a cellular
immune response element or fragment thereof in solution in a
pharmaceutically acceptable injectable carrier and suitable for
introduction interstitially into a tissue to cause cells of the
tissue to express a cellular immune response element or fragment
thereof, a container enclosing the solution, and a notice
associated with the container in form prescribed by a governmental
agency regulating the manufacture, use, or sale of pharmaceuticals,
which notice is reflective of approval by the agency of
manufacture, use, or sale of the solution of polynucleotide for
human administration.
Indications
The nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein can be used to treat
diseases, conditions or disorders associated with hsp47, such as
liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, kidney fibrosis,
peritoneal fibrosis, chronic hepatic damage, and fibrillogenesis
and any other disease or conditions that are related to or will
respond to the levels of hsp47 in a cell or tissue, alone or in
combination with other therapies. As such, compositions, kits and
methods disclosed herein may include packaging a nucleic acid
molecule disclosed herein that includes a label or package insert.
The label may include indications for use of the nucleic acid
molecules such as use for treatment or prevention of liver
fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, kidney fibrosis and pulmonary
fibrosis, and any other disease or conditions that are related to
or will respond to the levels of hsp47 in a cell or tissue, alone
or in combination with other therapies. A label may include an
indication for use in reducing expression of hsp47. A "package
insert" is used to refer to instructions customarily included in
commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain
information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration,
contraindications, other therapeutic products to be combined with
the packaged product, and/or warnings concerning the use of such
therapeutic products, etc.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that other anti-fibrosis
treatments, drugs and therapies known in the art can be readily
combined with the nucleic acid molecules herein (e.g. siNA
molecules) and are hence contemplated herein.
The methods and compositions provided herein will now be described
in greater detail by reference to the following non-limiting
examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Selecting hsp47 Nucleic Acid Molecule Sequences
Nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siNA.ltoreq.25 nucleotides) against
Hsp47 were designed using several computer programs including siRNA
at Whitehead (Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), IDT
siRNA Design (Integrated DNA Technologies), BLOCK-iT RNAi Designer
(Invitrogen), siDESIGN Center (Dharmacon), and BIOPREDsi (Friedrich
Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, part of the Novartis
Research Foundation, available at
http://www.biopredsi.orgistart.html). The sequences of top scored
siRNAs from these programs were compared and selected (see Table 1)
based on the algorithms as well as the sequence homology between
human and rat. Candidate sequences were validated by in vitro
knocking down assays.
Several parameters were considered for selecting a nucleic acid
molecule (e.g., a 21-mer siRNA) sequence. Exemplary parameters
include: 1) thermodynamic stability (RISC favors the strand with
less stable 5' end) 2) 30-52% GC content 3) positional nucleotide
preference: (C/G)NNNNNNNN(A/U)10NNNNNNNN(A/U), where N is any
nucleotide 4) devoid of putative immunostimulatory motifs 5)
2-nucleotide 3' overhang 6) position of siRNA within the transcript
(preferably within cDNA region) 7) sequence specificity (checked by
using BLAST) 8) variations in single nucleotide by checking SNP
database
siRNA sequences having .ltoreq.25 nucleotides were designed based
on the foregoing methods. Corresponding Dicer substrate siRNA
(e.g., .gtoreq.26 nucleotides) were designed based on the smaller
sequences and extend the target site of the siNA.ltoreq.2.5
nucleotide by adding 4 bases to the 3'-end of the sense strand and
6 bases to the 5'-end of the antisense strand. The Dicer substrates
that were made generally have a 25 base sense strand a 27 base
antisense strand with an asymmetric blunt ended and 3'-overhang
molecule. The sequences of the sense and the anti-sense strand
without base modification (base sequence) and with modifications
(experimental sequence) are provided in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 2
In order to screen for the potent of various siNA molecules against
both the human and rat hsp47 genes, various reporter cell lines
were established by lenti-viral induction of human HSP47 cDNA-green
fluorescent protein (GFP) or rat GP46 cDNA-GFP construct into 293,
HT1080, human HSC line hTERT, or NRK cell lines. These cell lines
were further evaluated by siRNA against GFP. The remaining
fluorescence signal was measured and normalized to scrambled siRNA
(Ambion) and subsequently normalized to cell viability. The results
showed that siRNA against GFP knocks down the fluorescence to
different extent in different cell lines (FIG. 1). 293_HSP47-GFP
and 293_GP46-GFP cell lines were selected for siHsp47 screening due
to their ease of transfection and sensitivity to fluorescence
knockdown.
siRNA Transfection:
Cells were transfected with 1.5 pmol per well of siNA against GFP
in 96-well tissue culture plates using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX
(Invitrogen) in a reverse transfection manner. Cells were seeded at
6,000 cells per well and mixed with the siNA complexs. Fluorescence
readings were taken after 72 hours incubation on a Synergy 2
Multi-Mode Microplate Reader (BioTek).
Cell Viability Assay:
Cells treated with or without siNA were measured for viability
after 72 hours incubation using CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell
Viability Assay Kit according to the manual (Promega). The readings
were normalized to samples treated with scrambled siNA
molecules.
EXAMPLE 3
Evaluation of Inhibitory Efficiency of siHsp47 on hsp47 Expression
in Reporter Cell Lines
siNAs against hsp47 were evaluated for their inhibitory efficiency
in 293 HSP47-GFP and 293_GP46-GFP cell lines by evaluating the
change in fluorescent signal from the reporter GFP. The experiments
were carried out as described in Example 2. The fluorescent signals
were normalized to fluorescent signals from cells treated with
scrambled siRNA (Ambion) which served as a control. The results
indicate that the tested hsp47 siNA molecules were effective in
inhibiting hsp47 mRNA in both cell lines. However, siNA against
GP46 mRNA (as published in the 2008 Sato et al paper) was effective
only in the 293 GP46-GFP cell line. The results are shown in FIG. 2
A-B.
The 293_HSP47-GFP and 293_GP46-GFP cell lines treated with siRNA
against hsp47 and gp46 were evaluated for viability using the
methods described in Example 2. The cell viability was normalized
to cells treated with scrambled siRNA (Ambion). The results
indicate that the cell viability was not affected significantly by
the treatment with siNA molecules. However, the cell viability of
293_HSP47-GFP cell lines treated with different hsp47 siNA
molecules varied depending on the siNA molecules used, while the
viability of 293_GP46-GFP cell lines were similar. Viability for
293 HSP47-GFP cells were lower for siHsp47-6 and Hsp47-7 treated
cells than the rest. The results are shown in FIG. 2C-D.
EXAMPLE 4
Evaluation of siHsp47 Inhibitory Effect on hsp47 mRNA by
TaqMan.RTM. qPCR
In Example 3, the knock down efficiency of siHsp47s in reporter
cell lines was evaluated by change in fluorescent signal. To
validate the results at the mRNA level, siRNAs targeting endogenous
hsp47 were transfected into cells of the human HSC cell line hTERT
using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen) in a reverse transfection
manner as described in Example 2.
The hsp47 mRNA level was evaluated for knock down efficiency of the
various tested siHsp47 siNA molecules. Briefly, mRNA were isolated
from hTERT cells after 72 hours after transfection using an RNeasy
mini kit (Qiagen). The level of hsp47 mRNA was determined by
reverse transcription coupled with quantitative PCR using
TaqMan.RTM. probes. Briefly, cDNA synthesis was carried out using
High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (ABI) according to the
manufacturer's instruction, and subjected to TaqMan Gene Expression
Assay (ABI, hsp47 assay ID Hs01060395_g1). The level of hsp47 mRNA
was normalized to the level of GAPDH mRNA according to the
manufacturer's instruction (ABI). The results indicate that
siHsp47-C was the most effective among all the hsp47 siRNAs,
siHsp47-2 and siHsp47-2d were the next most effective. The
combinations of siHsp47-1 with siHsp47-2 or siHsp47-1 with
siHsp47-2d were more effective than siHsp47-1 alone. The results
are shown in FIG. 3.
EXAMPLE 5
Validation of siHsp47 Knock Down Effect at the Protein Level
The inhibitory effect of different Hsp47 siNA molecules (siHsp47)
on hsp47 mRNA expression were validated at the protein level by
measuring the HSP47 in hTERT cells transfected with different
siHsp47. Transfection of hTERT cells with different siHsp47 were
performed as described in Example 2. Transfected hTERT cells were
lysed and the cell lysate were clarified by centrifugation.
Proteins in the clarified cell lysate were resolved by SDS
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The level of HSP47 protein in
the cell lysate were determined using an anti-HSP47 antibody (Assay
Designs) as the primary antibody, Goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated
with HRP (Millipore) as the secondary antibody, and subsequently
detected by Supersignal West Pico Chemiluminescence kit (Pierce).
Anti-actin antibody (Abeam) was used as a protein loading control.
The result showed significant decrease in the level of Hsp47
protein in cells treated with siHsp47-C, siHsp47-2d, alone or
combination of siHsp47-1 with siHsp47-2d.
EXAMPLE 6
Downregulation of Collagen I expression by hsp47 siRNA
To determine the effect of siHsp47 on collagen I expression level,
collagen I mRNA level in hTERT cells treated with different siRNA
against hsp47 was measured. Briefly, hTERT cells were transfected
with different siHsp47 as described in Example 2. The cells were
lysed after 72 hours and mRNA were isolated using RNeasy mini kit
according to the manual (Qiagen). The level of collagen 1 mRNA was
determined by reverse transcription coupled with quantitative PCR
using TaqMan.RTM. probes. Briefly, cDNA synthesis was carried out
using High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (ABI) according
to the manual, and subjected to TaqMan Gene Expression Assay (ABI,
COL1A1 assay ID Hs01076780_g1). The level of collagen I mRNA was
normalized to the level of GAPDH mRNA according to the
manufacturer's instruction (ABI). The signals were normalized to
the signal obtained from cells transfected with scrambled siNA. The
result indicated that collagen I mRNA level is significantly
reduced in the cells treated with some of the candidates siHsp47-2,
siHsp47-2d, and their combination with siHsp47-1 and shown in FIG.
4.
EXAMPLE 7
Immunofluorescence Staining of hsp47 siRNA Treated hTERT Cells
To visualize the expression of two fibrosis markers, collagen 1 and
alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), in hTERT cells transfected with or
without siHsp47, the cells were stained with rabbit anti-collagen I
antibody (Abeam) and mouse anti-alpha-SMA antibody (Sigma). Alexa
Fluor 594 goat anti-mouse IgG and Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit
IgG (Invitrogen (Molecular Probes)) were used as secondary
antibodies to visualize collagen I (green) and alpha-SMA (red).
Hoescht was used to visualize nucleus (blue). The results indicate
correlation between siRNA knocking down of some of the target genes
and collagen/SMA expression.
EXAMPLE 8
In Vivo Testing of siHSP47 in Animal Models of Liver Fibrosis
siRNA for Rat Liver Cirrhosis Treatment
The siRNA duplex sequence for HSP47 (siHSP47C) is as listed
below.
TABLE-US-00025 Sense (5'->3') ggacaggccucuacaacuaTT Antisense
(5'->3') uaguuguagaggccuguccTT
10 mg/ml siRNA stock solution was prepared by dissolving in
nuclease free water (Ambion). For treatment of cirrhotic rats,
siRNA was formulated with vitamin A-coupled liposome as described
by Sato et al (Sato Y. et al. Nature Biotechnology 2008. Vol. 26, p
431) in order to target activated hepatic stellate cells that
produce collagen. The vitamin A (VA)-liposome-siRNA formulation
consists of 0.33 .mu.mol/ml of VA, 0.33 .mu.mol/ml of liposome
(Coatsome EL-01-D, NOF Corporation) and 0.5 .mu.g/.mu.l of siRNA in
5% glucose solution.
The liver cirrhosis animal model was reported by Sato et al (Sato
Y. et al. Nature Biotechnology 2008. Vol. 26, p 431). 4 week-old
male SD rats were induced with liver cirrhosis with 0.5%
dimethylnitrosoamine (DMN) (Wako Chemicals, Japan) in
phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A dose of 2 ml/kg per body weight
was administered intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days per week
on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34,
36, 38 and 40
siRNA treatment: siRNA treatment was carried out from day 32 and
for 5 intravenous injections. In detail, rats were treated with
siRNA on day-32, 34, 36, 38 and 40. Then rats were sacrificed on
day-42 or 43. 3 different siRNA doses (1.5 mg siRNA per kg body
weight, 2.25 mg siRNA per kg body weight, 3.0 mg siRNA per kg body
weight) were tested. Detail of tested groups and number of animals
in each group are as follows: 1) Cirrhosis was induced by DMN
injection, then 5% glucose was injected instead of siRNA) (n=10) 2)
VA-Lip-siHSP47C1.5 mg/kg (n=10) 3) VA-Lip-siHSP47C 2.25 mg/kg
(n=10) 4) VA-Lip-siHSP47C 3.0 mg/Kg (n=10) 5) Sham (PBS was
injected instead of DMN. 5% Glucose was injected instead of siRNA)
(n=6) 6) No treatment control (Intact) (n=6) VA-Lip Refers to
Vitamin A--Liposome Complex.
Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy: On day 43, 2 out of 10 animals
in the "diseased rat" group and 1 out of 10 animals in
"VA-Lip-siHSP47C siRNA 1.5 mg/kg" died due to development of liver
cirrhosis. The remainder of the animals survived. After rats were
sacrificed, liver tissues were fixed in 10% formalin. Then, the
left lobule of each liver was embedded in paraffin for histology.
Tissue slides were stained with Sirius red, and hematoxylin and
eosin (HE). Sirius red staining was employed to visualize
collagen-deposits and to determine the level of cirrhosis. HE
staining was for nuclei and cytoplasm as counter-staining. Each
slide was observed under microscope (BZ-8000, Keyence Corp. Japan)
and percentage of Sirius red-stained area per slide was determined
by image analysis software attached to the microscope. At least 4
slides per each liver were prepared for image analysis, and whole
area of each slide (slice of liver) was captured by camera and
analyzed. Statistical analysis was carried out by Student's
t-test.
Results: FIG. 5 shows the fibrotic areas. The area of fibrosis in
"diseased rats" was higher than in the "sham" or "no treatment
control" groups. Therefore, DMN treatment induced collagen
deposition in the liver, which was a typical observation of liver
fibrosis. However, the area of fibrosis was significantly reduced
by the treatment of siRNA targeting HSP47 gene, compared with
"disease rat" group (FIG. 5). This result indicates that siRNA as
disclosed herein has a therapeutic efficacy in actual disease.
Additional siRNA compounds are tested in the liver fibrosis animal
model, and were shown to reduce the fibrotic area in the liver.
EXAMPLE 9
Generation of Sequences for Active Double Stranded RNA Compounds to
HSP47/SERPINH1 and Production of the siRNAs Shown in Tables A-18,
A-19, and B-E
Using proprietary algorithms and the known sequence of the target
genes, the sequences of many potential siRNAs were generated. The
sequences that have been generated using this method are
complementary to the corresponding mRNA sequence.
Duplexes are generated by annealing complementary single stranded
oligonucleotides. In a laminar flow hood, a .about.500 .mu.M Stock
Solution of single stranded oligonucleotide is prepared by diluting
in WFI (water for injection, Norbrook). Actual ssRNA concentrations
are determined by diluting each 500 .mu.M ssRNA 1:200 using WFI,
and measuring the OD using Nano prop. The procedure is repeated 3
times and the average concentration is calculated. The Stock
Solution was then diluted to a final concentration of 250 .mu.M.
Complementary single strands were annealed by heating to 85.degree.
C. and allowing to cool to room temperature over at least 45
minutes. Duplexes were tested for complete annealing by testing 5
.mu.l on a 20% polyacrylamide gel and staining. Samples were stored
at -80.degree. C.
Tables A-18, A-19 and B-E provide siRNAs for HSP47/SERPINH1. For
each gene there is a separate list of 19-mer siRNA sequences, which
are prioritized based on their score in the proprietary algorithm
as the best sequences for targeting the human gene expression.
The following abbreviations are used in the Tables A-18, A-19 and
B-E herein: "other spec or Sp." refers to cross species identity
with other animals: D-dog, Rt-rat, Rb-Rabbit, Rh-rhesus monkey,
P-Pig, M-Mouse; ORF: open reading frame. 19-mers, and 18+1-mers
refer to oligomers of 19 and 18+1 (U in position 1 of Antisense, A
in position 19 of sense strand) ribonucleic acids in length,
respectively.
In Vitro Testing of the siRNA Compounds for the Target Genes
Low-Throughput-Screen (LTS) for siRNA Oligos Directed to Human and
Rat SERPINH1 Gene.
Cell Lines: Human prostate adenocarcinoma PC3 cells (ATCC, Cat#
CRL-1435) were grown in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 2
mM L-Glutamine and human epithelial cervical cancer HeLa cells
(ATCC, Cat#CCL-2) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's
medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine. Cells
were maintained at 37.degree. C. in 5% CO.sub.2.
About 2.times.10.sup.5 human PC-3 cells endogenously expressing
SERPINH1 gene, were inoculated in 1.5 mL growth medium in order to
reach 30-50% confluence after 24 hours. Cells were transfected with
Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent to a final concentration of 0.01-5 nM
per transfected cells. Cells were incubated at 37.+-.1.degree. C.,
5% CO.sub.2 for 48 hours. siRNA transfected cells were harvested
and RNA was isolated using EZ-RNA kit [Biological Industries
(#20-410-100)].
Reverse transcription was performed as follows: Synthesis of cDNA
was performed and human SERPINH1 mRNA levels were determined by
Real Time qPCR and normalized to those of the Cyclophilin A (CYNA,
PPIA) mRNA for each sample. siRNA activity was determined based on
the ratio of the SERPINH1 mRNA quantity in siRNA-treated samples
versus non-transfected control samples.
The most active sequences were selected from further assays. From
Table A-18 siRNA compounds SERPINH1.sub.--2, SERPINH1.sub.--6,
SERPINH1.sub.--13, SERPINH1.sub.--45 SERPINH1.sub.--45a,
SERPINH1.sub.--51, SERPINH1.sub.--51a, SERPINH1.sub.--52 and
SERPINH1.sub.--86 were selected as preferred compounds. From Table
A-19 siRNA compounds SERPINH1.sub.--4, SERPINH1.sub.--12,
SERPINH1.sub.--18, SERPINH1.sub.--30, SERPINH1.sub.--58 and
SERPINH1.sub.--88 were selected as preferred compounds.
Other preferred compounds include SERPINH1.sub.--50,
SERPINH1.sub.--67, SERPINH1.sub.--73, SERPINH1.sub.--74.
IC50 Values for the LTS Selected SERPINH1 siRNA Oligos
About 2.times.10.sup.5 human PC-3 or 0.9.times.10.sup.5 rat REF52
cells endogenously expressing SERPINH1 gene, were inoculated in 1.5
mL growth medium in order to reach 30-50% confluence. Cells were
transfected with SERPINH1 double stranded RNA compounds (I.e.
SERPINH1.sub.--2, 4, 6, 12, 13, 18, 45, 51, 58, 88) with
Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent to reach final transfection
concentrations ranging between 0.0029-100 nM. As negative control
cells are treated with Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent or with
Synthetic randomized-sequence, non-targeting siRNA at final
concentrations of 20-100 nM. Cy3-labeled siRNA transfected cells
were used as positive control for transfection efficiency.
Cells were incubated at 37.+-.1.degree. C., 5% CO2 for 48 hours.
siRNA transfected cells were harvested and RNA was isolated using
EZ-RNA kit [Biological Industries (#20-410-100) Reverse
transcription: Synthesis of cDNA is performed and human SERPINH1
mRNA levels were determined by Real Time qPCR and normalized to
those of the Cyclophilin A (CYNA, PPIA) mRNA for each sample.
The IC.sub.50 value of the tested RNAi activity was determined by
constructing a dose-response curve using the activity results
obtained with the various final siRNA concentrations. The dose
response curve was constructed by plotting the relative amount of
residual SERPINH1 mRNA versus the logarithm of transfected siRNA
concentration. The curve is calculated by fitting the best sigmoid
curve to the measured data. The method for the sigmoid fit is also
known as a 3-point curve fit.
.times..times..times..times..times. ##EQU00001## where Y is the
residual SERPINH1 mRNA response, X is the logarithm of transfected
siRNA concentration, Bot is the Y value at the bottom plateau,
LogIC50 is the X value when Y is halfway between bottom and top
plateaus and HillSlope is the steepness of the curve.
The percent of inhibition of gene expression using specific siRNAs
was determined using qPCR analysis of target gene in cells
expressing the endogenous gene. Other siRNA compounds according to
Tables A-18, A-19 and B-E are tested in vitro where it is shown
that these siRNA compounds inhibit gene expression. Activity is
shown as percent residual mRNA; accordingly, a lower value reflects
better activity.
In order to test the stability of the siRNA compounds in serum,
specific siRNA molecules were incubated in four different batches
of human serum (100% concentration) at 37.degree. C. for up to 24
hours. Samples are collected at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 24
hours. The migration patterns as an indication of were determined
at each collection time by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(PAGE).
Table 3 shows 1050 (or activity where 1050 not calculated) in human
cell line for unmodified double stranded nucleic acid compounds
(sense and antisense strand unmodified, dTdT 3' terminal overhangs)
selected from Tables A-18 and A-19.
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 3 AntiSense struc- 0.1 0.5 siRNA 1.sup.st
position ture IC50 nM nM 5 nM SERPINH1_6_S709 U A2 0.019
SERPINH1_12_S709 A A1 0.065 SERPINH1_23_S709 U A2 0.377
SERPINH1_54_S709 A A1 0.522 SERPINH1_37_S709 U A2 0.11
SERPINH1_73_S709 A A1 0.189 SERPINH1_24_S709 U A2 0.271
SERPINH1_55_S709 A A1 0.268 SERPINH1_60_S709 U A2 0.163
SERPINH1_88_S709 A A1 0.135 SERPINH1_11_S709 U A2 0.079
SERPINH1_30_S709 A A1 0.093 SERPINH1_25_S709 U A2 0.229
SERPINH1_56_S709 A A1 0.469 SERPINH1_5_S709 U A2 0.178
SERPINH1_81_S709 G A1 1.404 SERPINH1_52_S709 U A2 0.06
SERPINH1_58_S709 A A1 0.304 SERPINH1_2_S709 U A2 0.008
SERPINH1_4_S709 A A1 0.006 SERPINH1_43_S709 U A2 1.403
SERPINH1_67_S709 A A1 2.39 SERPINH1_16_S709 U A2 134 95 16
SERPINH1_46_S709 A A1 112 84 28 SERPINH1_8_S709 U A2 103 90 39
SERPINH1_85_S709 C A1 166 109 59 SERPINH1_45_S709 U A2 0.029
SERPINH1_45a_S1354 A A2 0.051
siRNA Knock Down Activity:
About 2.times.10.sup.5 human PC-3 cells endogenously expressing
SERPINH1 gene were seeded per well in 6 well plates and allowed to
grow for about 24 hr to 30-70% confluency. Cells were transfected
with the siRNAs being tested at different concentrations using the
Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent (Invitrogen). The cells were
incubated at 37.degree. C. in a 5% CO.sub.2 incubator for either 48
h or 72 h. At 48-72 h after transfection cells were harvested and
cell RNA was extracted. Cy3-labeled siRNA duplexes were used as a
positive control for transfection efficiency. Mock cells treated
with Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent defined as "Control not active
samples" (negative control) and cells treated with a known active
siRNA (HSP47-C) at final concentration of 5 nM defined as "Control
active samples" (positive control). Z' and controls fold {Fold=mean
(Negative)/mean (Positive)} are the means to describe the assay
efficiency.
The percent inhibition of target gene expression by each siRNA
tested was determined by Qpcr analysis of a target mRNA from cells.
Reverse transcription was performed by synthesizing cDNA from the
cells and determining target gene mRNA levels by Real Time qPCR.
Measured cell mRNA levels were normalized to those of the
Cyclophilin A (CYNA, PPIA) mRNA for each sample. siRNA activity was
determined based on the ratio of the target gene mRNA quantity
siRNA-treated samples versus non-transfected control samples. Z'
and controls fold {Fold=mean (Negative)/mean(Positive)} are the
means to describe the assay efficiency.
The qPCR results are those that passed QC standards, i.e. the value
of the standard curve slope was in the interval [-4, -3],
R2>0.99, no primer dimers. Results that did not pass the QC
requirements were disqualified from analysis.
IC50 value of the tested RNAi activity was determined by
constructing a dose-response curve using the activity results
obtained with the various final siRNA concentrations. The dose
response curve was constructed by plotting the relative amount of
residual SERPINH1 mRNA versus the logarithm of transfected siRNA
concentration, as described above.
On-Target and Off-Target Testing of Double Stranded RNA
Molecules:
The psiCHECK system enables evaluation of the guide strand (GS)
(antisense) and the passenger strand (PS) (sense strand) to elicit
targeted (on-target) and off-targeted effects, by monitoring the
changes in expression levels of their target sequences. Four
psiCHECK.TM.-2-based (Promega) constructs were prepared for the
evaluation of target activity and potential off-target activity of
each test molecule GS and PS strands. In each of the constructs one
copy or three copies of either the full target or the seed-target
sequence, of test molecule PS or GS, was cloned into the multiple
cloning site located downstream of the Renilla luciferase
translational stop codon in the 3'-UTR region.
The resulting vectors were termed:
1--GS-CM (guide strand, complete-match) vector containing one copy
of the full target sequence (nucleotide sequence fully
complementary to the whole 19-base sequence of the GS of the test
molecule);
2--PS-CM (passenger strand, complete-match) vector containing one
copy of the full target sequence (nucleotide sequence fully
complementary to the whole 19-base sequence of the PS of the test
molecule);
3--GS-SM (guide strand, seed-match) vector containing one copy or
three copies of the seed region target sequence (sequence
complementary to nucleotides 1-8 of the GS of the test
molecule);
4--PS-SM (passenger strand, seed-match) vector containing one copy
of the seed region target sequence (sequence complementary to
nucleotides 1-8 of the PS of the test molecule).
Nomenclature:
guide strand: strand of siRNA that enters the RISC complex and
guides cleavage/silencing of the complementary RNA sequence
seed sequence: Nucleotides 2-8 from the 5' end of the guide
strand.
cm (complete match): DNA fragment fully complementary to the guide
strand of siRNA. This DNA fragment is cloned in 3'UTR of a reporter
gene and serves as a target for the straightforward RNA
silencing.
sm (seed match): 19-mer DNA fragment with nucleotides ns 12-18
fully complementary to the ns 2-8 of the guide strand of siRNA.
This DNA fragment is cloned in 3'UTR of a reporter gene and serves
as a target for the "off-target" silencing.
X1: A single copy of cm or sm cloned in 3'UTR of a reporter
gene.
X3 Three copies of cm or sm cloned in 3'UTR of a reporter gene,
separated with 4 nucleotides one from another.
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 4 non-limiting examples of psiCHECK cloning
targets Nomenclature Description structure S2a_cm_X1 SERPINH1_2,
antisense CTCGAGGAGACACATGGGTGCTATAG clone name complete match =
fully CGGCCGC SEQ_ID_NO: 2724 complimentary to the XhoI SERPINH1_2
sense strand NotI SERPINH1_2 antisense strand, a single copy.
S2acmS_X1 The sense strand = the strand of 5'- the S2a_cm_X1 clone
to be TCGAGGAGACACATGGGTGCTATAGC expressed in the vector, with
SEQ_ID_NO: 2725 XhoI and NotI sticky ends. S2acmA_X1 The
complimentary (antisense) 5'- strand of the S2a_cm_X1
GGCCGCTATAGCACCCATGTGTCTCC clone, with XhoI and NotI SEQ_ID_NO:
2726 sticky ends. S2a_sm_X1 SERPINH1_2, antisense seed
CTCGAGTCTCAAACGTTGTGCTATCG clone name match, a single copy, CGGCCGC
SEQ_ID_NO: 2727 nucleotides 12-18 are AS(3'-CTCTGTGTACCCACGATAT)
complimentary to the SEQ_ID_NO: 2728 nucleotides 2-8 of the seed
SERPINH1_2 antisense strand. S2s_cm_X1 SERPINH1_2, sense complete
CTCGAGTATAGCACCCATGTGTCTCG clone name match = fully complimentary
to CGGCCGC SEQ_ID_NO: 2729 the SERPINH1_2 sense strand .ident. XhoI
SERPINH1_2 antisense strand NotI antisense strand, a single copy.
S2s_sm_X1 SERPINH1_2, sense seed CTCGAGGCGATACAAACTGTGTCTAG clone
name match, a single copy, CGGCCGC SEQ_ID_NO: 2730 nucleotides
12-18 are S(3'-ATATCGTGGGTACACAGAG) complimentary to the SEQ_ID_NO:
2731 nucleotides 2-8 of the seed SERPINH1_2 sense strand. S2a_sm_X3
SERPINH1_2, antisense seed CTCGAGTCTCAAACGTTGTGCTATCttc clone name
match, a triple copy cTCTCAAACGTTGTGCTATCttccTCTCA
AACGTTGTGCTATCGCGGCCGC SEQ_ID_NO: 2732 (ttcc - a spacer) Sts_sm_X3
SERPINH1_2, sense seed CTCGAGGCGATACAAACTGTGTCTAtt clone name
match, a triple copy ccGCGATACAAACTGTGTCTAttccGCG
ATACAAACTGTGTCTAGCGGCCGC SEQ_ID_NO: 2733 (ttcc - a spacer)
The target sequences are cloned using the XhoI and NotI compatible
restriction enzyme sites. Annealing mixtures are prepared in
tightly closed 0.5 ml Eppendorf tubes, heated in a water bath to
850 C, submerged into the boiling water bath and finally gradually
cooled to room temperature.
Ligation: The double stranded oligonucleotide generated by the
annealing procedure is ligated to the linearized (by XhoI and NotI)
psiCHECK.TM.-2, and transfected into cells using standard
techniques. Positive colonies were identified and sequenced for
verification of insert sequence. Table 5 shows nucleotide sequences
of inserted oligonucleotides.
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 5 Clone Full SEQ ID siRNA name NO:
Oligonucleotide sequence (5'>3') SERPINH1_11 S11s_cm_X1 2734
GGCCGCCGGACAGGCCTCTACAACAC 2735 TCGAGTGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTCCGGC
S11a_cm_X1 2736 GGCCGCTGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTCCGC 2737
TCGAGCGGACAGGCCTCTACAACAGC S11s_sm_X1 2738
GGCCGCAGGACAGGAAGAGCACCACC 2739 TCGAGGTGGTGCTCTTCCTGTCCTGC
S11a_sm_X1 2740 GGCCGCGGTTGTAGCTTAAGGGAATC 2741
TCGAGATTCCCTTAAGCTACAACCGC S11s_sm_X3 2742
GGCCGCAGGACAGGAAGAGCACCACGGAAAGGACAG
GAAGAGCACCACGGAAAGGACAGGAAGAGCACCACC 2743
TCGAGGTGGTGCTCTTCCTGTCCTTTCCGTGGTGCTCT
TCCTGTCCTTTCCGTGGTGCTCTTCCTGTCCTGC S11a_sm_X3 2744
GGCCGCGGTTGTAGCTTAAGGGAATGGAAGGTTGTAG
CTTAAGGGAATGGAAGGTTGTAGCTTAAGGGAATC 2745
TCGAGATTCCCTTAAGCTACAACCTTCCATTCCCTTAA
GCTACAACCTTCCATTCCCTTAAGCTACAACCGC SERPINH1_30 S30s_cm_X1 2746
GGCCGCCGGACAGGCCTCTACAACTC 2747 TCGAGAGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTCCGGC
S30a_cm_X1 2748 GGCCGCAGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTCCGC 2749
TCGAGCGGACAGGCCTCTACAACTGC SERPINH1_2 S2s_cm_X1 2750
GGCCGCGAGACACATGGGTGCTATAC 2751 TCGAGTATAGCACCCATGTGTCTCGC
S2a_cm_X1 2752 GGCCGCTATAGCACCCATGTGTCTCC 2753
TCGAGGAGACACATGGGTGCTATAGC S2s_sm_X1 2754
GGCCGCTAGACACAGTTTGTATCGCC 2755 TCGAGGCGATACAAACTGTGTCTAGC
S2a_sm_X1 2756 GGCCGCGATAGCACAACGTTTGAGAC 2757
TCGAGTCTCAAACGTTGTGCTATCGC S2s_sm_X3 2758
GGCCGCTAGACACAGTTTGTATCGCGGAATAGACACA
GTTTGTATCGCGGAATAGACACAGTTTGTATCGCC 2759
TCGAGGCGATACAAACTGTGTCTATTCCGCGATACAA
ACTGTGTCTATTCCGCGATACAAACTGTGTCTAGC S2a_sm_X3 2760
GGCCGCGATAGCACAACGTTTGAGAGGAAGATAGCA
CAACGTTTGAGAGGAAGATAGCACAACGTTTGAGAC 2761
TCGAGTCTCAAACGTTGTGCTATCTTCCTCTCAAACGT
TGTGCTATCTTCCTCTCAAACGTTGTGCTATCGC SERPINH1_4 S4s_cm_X1 2762
GGCCGCGAGACACATGGGTGCTATTC 2763 TCGAGAATAGCACCCATGTGTCTCGC
S4a_cm_X1 2764 GGCCGCAATAGCACCCATGTGTCTCC 2765
TCGAGGAGACACATGGGTGCTATTGC SERPINH1_6 S6s_cm X1 2766
GGCCGCACAAGATGCGAGACGAGTAC 2767 TCGAGTACTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTGC
S6a_cm_X1 2768 GGCCGCTACTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTC 2769
TCGAGACAAGATGCGAGACGAGTAGC S6s_sm_X1 2770
GGCCGCCCAAGATGATCTAATCTGCC 2771 TCGAGGCAGATTAGATCATCTTGGGC
S6a_sm_X1 2772 GGCCGCGACTCGTCGATACTAGGTGC 2773
TCGAGCACCTAGTATCGACGAGTCGC S6s_sm_X3 2774
TCGAGGCAGATTAGATCATCTTGGTTCCGCAGATTAG
ATCATCTTGGTTCCGCAGATTAGATCATCTTGGGC 2775
GGCCGCCCAAGATGATCTAATCTGCGGAACCAAGATG
ATCTAATCTGCGGAACCAAGATGATCTAATCTGCC S6a_sm_X3 2776
GGCCGCGACTCGTCGATACTAGGTGGGAAGACTCGTC
GATACTAGGTGGGAAGACTCGTCGATACTAGGTGC 2777
TCGAGCACCTAGTATCGACGAGTCTTCCCACCTAGTAT
CGACGAGTCTTCCCACCTAGTATCGACGAGTCGC SERPINH1_12 S12s_cm_X1 2778
GGCCGCACAAGATGCGAGACGAGTTC 2779 TCGAGAACTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTGC
S12a_cm_X1 2780 GGCCGCAACTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTC 2781
TCGAGACAAGATGCGAGACGAGTTGC SERPINH1_45a S450s_cmX1 2782
GGCCGCACTCCAAGATCAACTTCCTC 2783 TCGAGAGGAAGTTGATCTTGGAGTGC
(SERPINH1_45_S450) S450a_cmX1 2784 GGCCGCAGGAAGTTGATCTTGGAGTC 2785
TCGAGACTCCAAGATCAACTTCCTGC S450s_smX1 2786
GGCCGCCCTCCAAGCGACCATGAAGC 2787 TCGAGCTTCATGGTCGCTTGGAGGGC
S450a_smX1 2788 GGCCGCCGGAAGTTTCGATGTTCTGC 2789
TCGAGCAGAACATCGAAACTTCCGGC S450s_smX3 2790
GGCCGCCCTCCAAGCGACCATGAAGGGAACCTCCAAG
CGACCATGAAGGGAACCTCCAAGCGACCATGAAGC 2791
TCGAGCTTCATGGTCGCTTGGAGGTTCCCTTCATGGTC
GCTTGGAGGTTCCCTTCATGGTCGCTTGGAGGGC S450a_smX3 2792
GGCCGCCGGAAGTTTCGATGTTCTGGGAACGGAAGTT
TCGATGTTCTGGGAACGGAAGTTTCGATGTTCTGC 2793
TCGAGCAGAACATCGAAACTTCCGTTCCCAGAACATC
GAAACTTCCGTTCCCAGAACATCGAAACTTCCGGC SERPINH1_51 S51s_cm_X1 2794
GGCCGCTCCTGAGACACATGGGTGAC 2795 TCGAGTCACCCATGTGTCTCAGGAGC
S51a_cm_X1 2796 GGCCGCTCACCCATGTGTCTCAGGAC 2797
TCGAGTCCTGAGACACATGGGTGAGC S51s_sm_X1 2798
GGCCGCGCCTGAGAACACGTGTGTCC 2799 TCGAGGACACACGTGTTCTCAGGCGC
S51a_sm_X1 2800 GGCCGCGCACCCATTGTGATACTTCC 2801
TCGAGGAAGTATCACAATGGGTGCGC S51s_sm_X3 2802
GGCCGCGCCTGAGAACACGTGTGTCGGAAGCCTGAGA
ACACGTGTGTCGGAAGCCTGAGAACACGTGTGTCC 2803
TCGAGGACACACGTGTTCTCAGGCTTCCGACACACGT
GTTCTCAGGCTTCCGACACACGTGTTCTCAGGCGC S51a_sm_X3 2804
GGCCGCGCACCCATTGTGATACTTCGGAAGCACCCAT
TGTGATACTTCGGAAGCACCCATTGTGATACTTCC 2805
TCGAGGAAGTATCACAATGGGTGCTTCCGAAGTATCA
CAATGGGTGCTTCCGAAGTATCACAATGGGTGCGC SERPINH1_86 S86s_cm_X1 2806
GGCCGCACAGGCCTCTACAACTACAC 2807 TCGAGTGTAGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTGC
S86a_cm_X1 2808 GGCCGCTGTAGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTC 2809
TCGAGACAGGCCTCTACAACTACAGC S86s_sm_X1 2810
GGCCGCACAGGCCTAGCACAAGCACC 2811 TCGAGGTGCTTGTGCTAGGCCTGTGC
S86a_sm_X1 2812 GGCCGCGGTAGTTGGCTCTGAAGTGC 2813
TCGAGCACTTCAGAGCCAACTACCGC S86s_sm_X3 2814
GGCCGCACAGGCCTAGCACAAGCACGGAAACAGGCC
TAGCACAAGCACGGAAACAGGCCTAGCACAAGCACC 2815
TCGAGGTGCTTGTGCTAGGCCTGTTTCCGTGCTTGTGC
TAGGCCTGTTTCCGTGCTTGTGCTAGGCCTGTGC S86a_sm_X3 2816
GGCCGCGGTAGTTGGCTCTGAAGTGGGAAGGTAGTTG
GCTCTGAAGTGGGAAGGTAGTTGGCTCTGAAGTGC 2817
TCGAGCACTTCAGAGCCAACTACCTTCCCACTTCAGA
GCCAACTACCTTCCCACTTCAGAGCCAACTACCGC SERPINH1_52 S52s_cm_X1 2818
GGCCGCGACAAGATGCGAGACGAGAC 2819 TCGAGTCTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTCGC
S52a_cm_X1 2820 GGCCGCTCTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTCC 2821
TCGAGGACAAGATGCGAGACGAGAGC S52s_sm_X1 2822
GGCCGCTACAAGATTATCTCATCTCC 2823 TCGAGGAGATGAGATAATCTTGTAGC
S52a_sm_X1 2824 GGCCGCGCTCGTCTATACTAGGTGAC 2825
TCGAGTCACCTAGTATAGACGAGCGC S52s_sm_X3 2826
GGCCGCTACAAGATTATCTCATCTCGGAATACAAGAT
TATCTCATCTCGGAATACAAGATTATCTCATCTCC 2827
TCGAGGAGATGAGATAATCTTGTATTCCGAGATGAGA
TAATCTTGTATTCCGAGATGAGATAATCTTGTAGC S52a_sm_X3 2828
GGCCGCGCTCGTCTATACTAGGTGAGGAAGCTCGTCT
ATACTAGGTGAGGAAGCTCGTCTATACTAGGTGAC 2829
TCGAGTCACCTAGTATAGACGAGCTTCCTCACCTAGT
ATAGACGAGCTTCCTCACCTAGTATAGACGAGCGC SERPINH1_58 S58s_cm_X1 2830
GGCCGCGACAAGATGCGAGACGAGTC 2831 TCGAGACTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTCGC
S58a_cm_X1 2832 GGCCGCACTCGTCTCGCATCTTGTCC 2833
TCGAGGACAAGATGCGAGACGAGTGC SERPINH1_95 S95s_cm_X1 2834
GGCCGCACTCCAAGATCAACTTCCGC 2835 TCGAGCGGAAGTTGATCTTGGAGTGC
S95a_cm_X1 2836 GGCCGCCGGAAGTTGATCTTGGAGTC 2837
TCGAGACTCCAAGATCAACTTCCGGC SERPINH1_96 S96s_cm_X1 2838
GGCCGCTCCTGAGACACATGGGTGCC 2839 TCGAGGCACCCATGTGTCTCAGGAGC
S96a_cm_X1 2840 GGCCGCGCACCCATGTGTCTCAGGAC 2841
TCGAGTCCTGAGACACATGGGTGCGC SERPINH1_97 S97s_cm_X1 2842
GGCCGCACAGGCCTCTACAACTACTC 2843 TCGAGAGTAGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTGC
S97a_cm_X1 2844 GGCCGCAGTAGTTGTAGAGGCCTGTC 2845
TCGAGACAGGCCTCTACAACTACTGC
Relevant strands, as described above, were cloned in the 3'UTR of
the reporter mRNA, Renilla Luciferase in the psiCHECK.TM.-2
(Promega) vector. XhoI and NotI were used as cloning sites using
standard molecular biology techniques. Each strand was chemically
synthesized and annealed by heating to 100.degree. C. and cooled to
room temperature. Ligation was carried out for 3 hours using
standard molecular biology techniques and transformed into E. coli
DH5a cells. Resulting colonies were screened for presence of
plasmid constructs by colony-PCR using relevant primers. Each of
the plasmids (vectors) was purified from one positive colony and
its sequence was verified.
About 1.3.times.10.sup.6 human HeLa cells were inoculated in 10 cm
dish. Cells were then incubated in 37.+-.1.degree. C., 5% CO2
incubator for 24 hours. Growth medium was replaced one day post
inoculation by 8 mL fresh growth medium and each plate was
transfected with one of the plasmids mentioned above, using
Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent according manufacturing protocol and
incubated for 5 hours at 37.+-.1.degree. C. and 5% CO2. Following
incubation, cells were re-plated in a 96-well plate at final
concentration of 5.times.103 cells per well in 80 .mu.L growth
medium. 16 hours later, cells were transfected with SERPINH1 siRNA
molecules using Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent at different
concentrations ranging from 0.001 nM to 5 nM in a 1000 .mu.L final
volume. Mock cells treated with Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent with
the corresponding psiCHECK.TM.-2 plasmid defined as "Control not
active samples" (negative control) and cells treated with a known
active siRNA (HSP47-C) at final concentration of 5 nM defined as
"Control active samples" (positive control). Z' and controls fold
{Fold=mean (Negative)/mean(Positive)} are the means to describe the
assay efficiency.
Cells were then incubated for 48 hours at 37.+-.1.degree. C. and
Renilla and FireFly Luciferase activities were measured in each of
the siRNA transfected samples, using Dual-Luciferase.RTM. Assay kit
(Promega, Cat#E1960) according to manufacturer procedure. The
activity of a synthetic siRNA toward this target sequence results
either in cleavage and subsequent degradation of the fused mRNA or
in translation inhibition of the encoded protein. Measuring the
decrease in Renilla luciferase activity thus provides a convenient
way of monitoring siRNA effect while Firefly luciferase, allows
normalization of Renilla luciferase expression. Renilla Luciferase
activity value was divided by Firefly Luciferase activity value for
each sample (normalization). Renilla luciferase activity is finally
expressed as the percentage of the normalized activity value in
tested sample relative to "Control not active samples".
Results of TNF.alpha. and IL-6 levels in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PMNC) exposed to unmodified or modified
siRNA/Lipofectamine.TM.2000. Results are provided in pg/ml values
calculated based on standard curve. "Control Lipofec2000" relates
to level of cytokine secretion induced by the transfection reagent,
Lipofectamine.TM.2000. None of the modified compounds levels of
cytokines TNFa or IL6 above those of the control transfection
reagent.
TABLE-US-00029 Donor II TNFa IL-6 control 162 +/- 280 Control
Lipofec2000 308 +/- 75 1303 +/- 440 dsRNA SEQ ID 860 nM 610 2915
NOS: 101 and 168) 287 nM 6963 4021 unmodified 96 nM 641 2278 32 nM
1095 4126 Compound_4 860 nM 660 +/- 227 1166 +/- 280 287 nM 484 +/-
84 1844 +/- 1072 96 nM 571 +/- 170 2015 +/- 1667 32 nM 865 +/- 90
2201 +/- 952 Donor I Donor II TNFa IL-6 TNFa IL-6 control 115 +/-
64 162 +/- 280 control Lipofec2000 427 +/- 87 1848 +/- 194 308 +/-
75 1303 +/- 440 dsRNA SEQ ID 860 nM 326 1014 873 4015 NOS: 60 and
127) 287 nM 305 638 909 3046 unmodified 96 nM 546 1007 690 2451 32
nM 707 1331 637 2159 Compound_1 860 nM 491 1480 1017 4492 287 nM
363 956 981 3126 96 nM 294 840 952 2491 32 nM 355 848 902 2779
Donor I TNFa IL-6 control 115 +/- 64 control Lipofec2000 427 +/- 87
1848 +/- 194 dsRNA SEQ ID 860 nM 228 553 NOS: 63 and 130) 287 nM
395 569 unmodified 96 nM 561 966 32 nM 737 1021 Compound_2 860 nM
598 1560 287 nM 621 1440 96 nM 570 1825 32 nM 517 1510 Donor I
Donor II TNFa IL-6 TNFa IL-6 control 115 +/- 64 162 +/- 280 control
Lipofec2000 427 +/- 87 1848 +/- 194 308 +/- 75 1303 +/- 440 dsRNA
SEQ ID 860 nM 137 225 521 4223 NOS: 98 and 165) 287 nM 750 105 463
3755 unmodified 96 nM 504 180 627 2784 32 nM 312 442 711 3084
Compound_3 860 nM 540 2170 1474 3896 287 nM 698 2428 1000 1864 96
nM 582 1876 1089 1760 32 nM 614 1341 724 1044 Ctrl cells 115 +/- 64
162 +/- 280 CL075 (ug/ml) 2 13878 26464 0.67 8115 28471 17013 0.22
1575 10873 7589 22111 0.074 219 906 1389 7072 Results are pg/ml
Data for induction of interferon (IFN) responsive genes, MX1 and
IFIT1, unmodified and modified double stranded nucleic acid
compounds. Results shown are residual (fold of Ctrl
Lipofectamine-2000 treated cells) human IFIT1 and MX1 genes as
tested in human PMNC. Data shows that all modified compounds
induced negligible levels of IFN downstream genes, compared to
unmodified (_S709) compounds.
TABLE-US-00030 Donor II IFIT1 MX1 Ctrl Lipo2000 1 1 dsRNA SEQ ID
NOS: 101 and 168) unmodified 32 nM 5.5 3.3 96 nM 7.5 4.3 297 nM 3.9
3.8 860 nM 0.8 0.8 Compound_4 32 nM 1.2 +/- 0.5 1.7 +/- 0.35 96 nM
1.1 +/- 0.3 1.5 +/- 0.06 297 nM 0.7 +/- 0.3 0.9 +/- 0.7 860 nM 0.6
+/- 0.1 0.9 +/- 0.5 Donor I Donor II IFIT1 MX1 IFIT1 MX1 Ctrl
Lipo2000 1 1 1 1 dsRNA SEQ ID NOS: 60 and 127) unmodified 32 nM
27.9 -- 2.2 2.7 96 nM 42.1 18.3 4.0 5.0 297 nM 53.8 18.0 3.4 2.8
860 nM 39.4 16.3 3.3 3.6 Compound_1 32 nM 1.2 0.2 0.8 1.3 96 nM 1.3
0.8 1.5 1.1 297 nM 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.6 860 nM 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 Ctrl
Lipo2000 1 1.00 1 1 dsRNA SEQ ID NOS: 98 and 165) unmodified 32 nM
29.7 18.5 4.3 4.1 96 nM 39.1 19.2 3.5 297 nM 25.1 9.3 4.8 5.2 860
nM 3.8 3.7 Compound_3 32 nM 1.4 0.4 1.0 1.4 96 nM 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.1
297 nM 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.4 860 nM 5.2 2.5 1.1 1.4 Donor I IFIT1 MX1
Ctrl Lipo2000 1 1 dsRNA SEQ ID NOS: 63 and 130) unmodified 32 nM
29.6 17.8 96 nM 31.5 16.1 297 nM 860 nM 36.6 11.4 Compound_2 32 nM
1.6 0.7 96 nM 1.1 1.0 297 nM 2.1 0.2 860 nM 1.8 1.4 Donor I Donor
II IFIT1 MX1 IFIT1 MX1 Ctrl cells 1 1 1 1 0.125 18 5.4 3.7 0.56 26
11 4.9 4.7 1.7 41 14 4.5 5.1 5 24 7 0.9 0.8 0.075 4 2 1.8 1.8 0.12
27 10 4.5 3.6 0.67 21 4.6 4.2 2 26 12 4.1 3.7
The tables below show activity of Compound.sub.--1,
Compound.sub.--2, Compound 3 and Compound.sub.--4 compared to
unmodified (_S709) compounds in rat cells. Results are shown as
residual target (% of control Lipofectamine.TM.2000 treated cells)
rat SERPINH1 gene in REF52 cells. Results of two separate
experiments are shown. Knockdown to target gene in rat cells is
relevant to testing compounds in animal models of human
disease.
TABLE-US-00031 Study_1 Study_2 Ctrl Lipo2000 100 100 dsRNA SEQ ID
NOS: 60 0.8 nM 52 36 and 127) unmodified 2 nM 25 31 10 nM 16 28 50
nM 8 4 Compound_1 0.8 nM 53 14 2 nM 39 14 10 nM 19 24 50 nM 7 4
dsRNA SEQ ID NOS: 63 0.8 nM 45 15 and 130) unmodified 2 nM 28 18 10
nM 13 12 50 nM 12 8 Compound_2 0.8 nM 76 78 2 nM 61 68 10 nM 37 28
50 nM 4 dsRNA SEQ ID NOS: 98 0.8 nM 72 65 and 165) unmodified 2 nM
43 41 10 nM 32 42 50 nM 28 27 Compound_3 0.8 nM 88 30 2 nM 39 24 10
nM 24 23 50 nM 6 23 Study_3 Study_4 Ctrl Lipo2000 100 100
Compound_4 0.8 nM 66 106 2 nM 35 32 10 nM 10 12 50 nM 6 9
Serum Stability Assay
The modified compounds according to the present invention are
tested for duplex stability in human serum or human tissue extract,
as follows:
siRNA molecules at final concentration of 7 uM are incubated at 370
C in 100% human serum (Sigma Cat# H4522). (siRNA stock 100 uM
diluted in human serum 1:14.29 or human tissue extract from various
tissue types). Five ul (5 ul) are added to 15 ul
1.5.times.TBE-loading buffer at different time points (for example
0, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 16 h and 24 h). Samples were
immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -20.degree.
C.
Each sample is loaded onto a non-denaturing 20% acrylamide gel,
prepared according to methods known in the art. The oligos were
visualized with ethidium bromide under UV light.
Exonuclease Stability Assay
To study the stabilization effect of 3' non-nucleotide moieties on
a nucleic acid molecule the sense strand, the antisense strand and
the annealed siRNA duplex are incubated in cytosolic extracts
prepared from different cell types.
Extract: HCT116 cytosolic extract (12 mg/ml).
Extract buffer: 25 mM Hepes pH-7.3 at 37.degree. C.; 8 mM MgCl; 150
mM NaCl with 1 mM DTT was added fresh immediately before use.
Method: 3.5 ml of test siRNA (100 mM), were mixed with 46.5 ml
contain 120 mg of HCT116 cytosolic extract. The 46.5 ml consists of
12 ml of HCT116 extract, and 34.5 ml of the extract buffer
supplemented with DTT and protease inhibitors cocktail/100
(Calbiochem, setIII-539134). The final concentration of the siRNA
in the incubation tube is 7 mM. The sample was incubated at
37.degree. C., and at the indicated time point 5 ml were moved to
fresh tube, mixed with 15 ml of 1.times.TBE-50% Glycerol loading
buffer, and snap frozen in Liquid N2. The final concentration of
the siRNA in the loading buffer is 1.75 mM (21 ng siRNA/ml). For
Analyses by native PAGE and EtBr staining 50 ng are loaded per
lane. For Northern analyses 1 ng of tested siRNA was loaded per
lane.
Innate Immune Response to SERPINH1 siRNA Molecules:
Fresh human blood (at RT) was mixed at 1:1 ratio with sterile 0.9%
NaCl at RT, and gently loaded (1:2 ratio) on Ficoll (Lymphoprep,
Axis-Shield cat#1114547). Samples were centrifuged at RT
(22.degree. C., 800 g) in a swinging centrifuge for 30 minutes,
washed with RPMI1640 medium and centrifuged (RT, 250 g) for 10
minutes. Cells were counted and seeded at final concentration of
1.5.times.10.sup.6 cell/ml in growth medium (RPMI1640+10% FBS+2 mM
L-glutamine+1% Pen-Strep) and incubated for 1 hours at 37.degree.
C. before siRNA treatment.
Cells were then treated with the siRNAs being tested at different
concentrations using the Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent (Invitrogen)
according manufacturer's instructions and incubated at 37.degree.
C. in a 5% CO2 incubator for 24 hours.
As a positive control for IFN response, cells were treated with
either poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double strand RNA (dsRNA)
which is a TLR3 ligand (InvivoGen Cat# tlr1-pic) at final
concentrations of 0.25-5.0 .mu.g/mL or to Thiazolaquinolone
(CLO75), a TLR 7/8 ligand (InvivoGen Cat# tlr1-c75) at final
concentrations of 0.075-2 .mu.g/mL. Cell treated with
Lipofectamine.TM.2000 reagent were used as negative (reference)
control for IFN response.
At about 24 hours following incubation, cells were collected and
supernatant was transferred to new tubes. Samples were frozen
immediately in liquid nitrogen and secretion of IL-6 and
TNF-.alpha. cytokines was tested using IL-6, DuoSet ELISA kit
(R&D System DY2060), and TNF-.alpha., DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D
System DY210), according to manufacturer's instructions. RNA was
extracted from the cell pellets and mRNA levels of human genes
IFIT1 (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1)
and MX1 (myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1,
interferon-inducible protein p78) were measured by qPCR. Measured
mRNA quantities were normalized to the mRNA quantity of the
reference gene peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A; CycloA).
Induction of IFN-signaling was evaluated by comparing the quantity
of mRNA from IFIT1 and MX1 genes from treated cells, relative to
their quantities non-treated cells. The qPCR results are those that
passed QC standards, i.e. the value of the standard curve slope was
in the interval [-4, -3], R2>0.99, no primer dimers. Results
that did not pass the QC requirements were disqualified from
analysis.
Table 6 shows siSERPINH1 compounds. Activity and stability data for
some of the compounds is presented in Table 6. The code for the
sense and antisense strand structures is presented in Table 7,
infra.
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 6 % % residual residual 1. Stability in 5 nM
25 nM Sense strand 5->3 AntiSense strand 5->3 Name plasma (h)
001 002 003 004 006 code code SERPINH1_2_S1356 10 16 10 9 zidB; rG;
rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU; rG;
rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p;
rA2p rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1357 zidB; rG; rA; rG;
rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG;
rU; rG; rC2p; mC; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p
mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1358 16 52 41 zidB; rG; rA;
rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG;
rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p;
rA2p mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1359 zidB; rG; rA; rG;
rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG;
rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p;
rA2p mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1360 10 47 31 8 20 zidB;
rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU;
rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; rC; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1361 8 31 34
zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; rC2p; rA; rA;
rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1362 zidB;
rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; LdC; rA; mC; rA;
rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1363 17 10 15
25 zc3p; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; mA;
rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG;
rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1364
zc3p; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC;
rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1365 16 41
52 zc3p; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA;
mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG;
rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1366
zc3p; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC;
rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU;
rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1367 16
51 39 zc3p; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA;
mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; rC; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG;
rU; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1368
zc3p; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; rC2p; rA; rA;
rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1369 zc3p;
rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; LdC; rA; mC; rA;
rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1370 17 15 61
20 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; mA;
rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG;
rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1371 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA;
rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; mC; rA; mU;
rG; mU; rG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1372 16 74 66 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC;
mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p;
mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; mC;
mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1373 8 48 65 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA;
rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU;
rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p;
zc3p$ mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1374 16 39 110 6 zidB;
rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU;
rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; rC; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1375
zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG; rC2p; rA; rA;
rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rU2p;
rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1376 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA;
rG; LdC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; rA; mU;
rG; mU; rG; rU; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1377 3 25 5 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA;
mU; rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA;
rU; mG; rU; mG; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1378 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG;
mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU;
rG; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1379 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; rG;
mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; rA; mU; rG; mU;
rG; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1380 8 23 33 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU;
rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; rA; mU;
rG; mU; rG; rU; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1381 16 25 56 12 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA;
mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rA;
mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1382 8 22 31 11 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA;
mU; rA; rG; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; mC; rC;
rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1383 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU;
rA; rG; LdC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; rA;
mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1384 16 7 20 7 4 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA;
mU; rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA;
rU; mG; rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1385 16 55 37 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU;
rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; mC;
rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1386 16 42 45 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU;
rA; mU; rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC;
rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ mU; mC; mU; rC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1387 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU;
rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; rA; mU;
rG; mU; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1388 16 21 39 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU;
rA; rG; mC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rA; mU;
rG; mU; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ mC; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1389 16 20 27 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU;
rA; rG; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; mC; rC; rA;
mU; rG; mU; rG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1390 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU;
rA; rG; LdC; rA; mC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; rA;
mU; rG; mU; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1687 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU; rA;
mU; rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA;
rU; mG; rU; mG; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1694 24 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU; rA; mU;
rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU2p; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU;
mG; rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1700 16 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA;
mG; rC; rA2p; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU;
mG; rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1705 10 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU;
rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; rC; mC; rC; mA;
rU; mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1707 10 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU;
rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; rC; mC; rC; mA;
rU; mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1754 24 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA;
mU; rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; rC; mC; rC;
mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p rU; mC; rU; mC;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1755 24 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC;
rU2p; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p;
rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p mG; rU;
mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1756 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rA; rC; rU2p; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG;
rC2p; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p mG; rU;
mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1787 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rA; rC; dU; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU;
rG; rC2p; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p
rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_4_S1391 0 58 zidB; rG; rA; rG;
rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; mA; rU; mA; rG; mC; rA; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG;
rU; rG; rC2p; rC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; rU; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p;
rU2p mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_4_S1782 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA;
rC; rA; rC; rA; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG;
rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rU2p;
zc3p rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1356 zidB; rA; rC; rA;
rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG;
rA; rC; rG2p; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p
rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1363 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA;
rC; rG2p; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p rU;
mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1370 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rG2p; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU;
mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1414 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rG2p; mC; mU; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p mC; mU;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1415 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rG2p; mC; mU; rC; rG; mC; rA; mU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p mU;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1416 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rG2p; mC; mU; rC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p mU;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1417 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rG2p; rU; mC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1418 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; LdT; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC;
rG2p; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1419 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p;
rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mU; rG;
rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1420 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU;
mU; rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; mC;
mU; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p mC; mU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1421 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU;
rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; mC; mU;
rC; rG; mC; rA; mU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p mU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1422 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU;
rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; mC; mU;
rC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p mU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1423 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU;
rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; rU;
mC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1424 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU;
rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; LdT; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; mU;
rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1425 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU;
rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; rC; mU;
rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC;
rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1426
zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG;
rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; mC; mU; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rA2p;
rG2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mC; mU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1427 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; mU;
mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; mC; mU; rC; rG; mC;
rA; mU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1428 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA;
mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; mC; mU; rC;
rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1429 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU;
rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; rU;
mC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG;
rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1430 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU;
mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; LdT; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p;
mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1431 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p;
rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1432 0 6 19 15 zidB; rA; mC;
rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA;
rG; rA; mC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ rU;
mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1435 6 37 46 zidB; rA; mC; rA;
rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA;
mC; mC; mU; rC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ mU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1436 3 10 17 5 zidB; rA; mC; rA;
rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG;
rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ rU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1437 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; LdT; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC;
mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ rU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1438 3 15 17 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC;
mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ rU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1439 24 12 23 11 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC;
mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG;
mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1442 24 29 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; mU; rA; mC; mU; mC; rG; mU; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; mC;
mU; rC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ mU; mU; rG;
rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1443 24 9 22 7 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA;
rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA;
mC; rU; mC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1444 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; LdT; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC;
mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG;
rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1445 24 19 18 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC;
rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1739 24 11 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA;
rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA;
mC; rG; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1741 24 12 zidB; rA; mC; rA;
rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG;
rA; mC; rG; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; rC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$
rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1744 0 zidB; rA; rC; rA;
rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG;
rA; mC; rG; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$
rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1746 0 zidB; rA; rC; rA;
rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG;
rA; mC; rG; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$
rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1785 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA;
rG; rA; rU; dU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG;
rA; mC; rG; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; rC; rU; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1356 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC;
rA; rG; mU; rG; mU; rU; mG; rU; mA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA;
rC2p; mA; rG; mG; rC; mC; rU; mG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p rU; mC;
rC; mG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1363 zc3p; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA;
rG; mU; rG; mU; rU; mG; rU; mA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA;
rC2p; mA; rG; mG; rC; mC; rU; mG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p rU; mC;
rC; mG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1370 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA;
rG; mU; rG; mU; rU; mG; rU; mA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA;
rC2p; mA; rG; mG; rC; mC; rU; mG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU;
mC; rC; mG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1446 zc3p; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC;
rA; rG; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA;
rC2p; rA; rG; rG; mC; mC; mU; rG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mU; mC;
mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1449 zc3p; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA;
rG; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rA; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p;
rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rG; rU; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mC;
rG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1450 zc3p; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA; rG;
mU; rG; mU; mU; rG; LdT; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p;
rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rG; rU; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mC; rG;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1451 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA; rG; mU;
rG; mU; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p; rA;
rG; rG; mC; mC; mU; rG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mU; mC; mC; rG;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1454 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA; rG; mU;
rG; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rA; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p; rG; rA;
rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rG; rU; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mC; rG;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1455 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA; rG; mU;
rG; mU; mU; rG; LdT; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p; rA;
rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rG; rU; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mC; rG;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1456 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA; rG; mU;
rG; mU; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p; rA;
rG; rG; mC; mC; mU; rG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; mC; mC;
rG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1457 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA; rG;
mU; rG; mU; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p;
rA; rG; rG; rC; mC; mU; rG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; mC;
mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1459 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA;
rG; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rA; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p;
rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rG; rU; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$
mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1460 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC;
rA; rG; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG; LdT; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU;
rA; rC2p; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rG; rU; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p;
zc3p$ mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1461 zidB; mC; rG; rG;
rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rU; mG; rU; mA; rG; rG; rG; rC; mC; rU; rC;
mU; rA; mA; rG; mG; rC; mC; rU; mG; mC; rA; rA; LdC; rA$ rU; mC;
rC; mG; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1462 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA;
mU; rG; mU; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rG; rG; rC; mC; rU; rC; mU; rA; rA;
rG; rG; mC; mC; mU; rG; mC; rA; rA; LdC; rA$ mU; mC; mC; rG; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_11_S1464 45 43 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG;
mU; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rG; rG; rC; mC; rU; rC; mU; rA; rA; rG; rG;
mC; rC; mU; rG; rU; mC; rA; rA; LdC; rA$ mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_11_S1467 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rU; mG;
rU; mA; rG; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; mA; rG; mG; rC; mC; rU;
mG; mC; rA; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rC; mG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_11_S1468 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG;
mU; rA; rG; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; rA; rG; rG; mC; mC; mU;
rG; mC; rA; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mU; mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_11_S1469 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG;
mU; rA; rG; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; rA; rG; rG; rC; mC; mU;
rG; mC; rA; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mU; mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_11_S1470 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG;
mU; rA; rG; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU;
rG; rU; mC; rA; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_11_S1471 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG;
rU2p; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC;
mU; rG; rU; mC; rA; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_11_S1472 zidB; mC; rG; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; mU; rG;
LdT; rA; rG; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC;
mU; rG; rU; mC; rA; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mC; mC; rG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_12_S1391 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; rA; mA; rC; mU;
rC; mG; rU; mC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rG2p; rU; rC; mG; rC;
mA; rU; mC; rU; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p; rU2p mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_12_S1780 zidB; rA; mC; rA; mA; rG; rA; rA; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; rC; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA;
rU; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rU; zc3p$ mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_30_S1391 zidB; rC; rG; rG; rA; rC; rA; rG; rA; mG; rU; mU;
rG; mU; rA; mG; rG; rC; rC; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC2p; rA; rG; mG; rC;
mC; rU; mG; rA2p; rA2p; rC2p; rU2p rU; mC; rC; mG; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_45_S1354 174 40 rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; yrA;
rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; rU; rU; rG; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU; rU; rC; rA;
rU; rC; rU; rU; rG; rG; rA; rC; yrU; zdT; zdT$ rG; rU; zdT; zdT$
SERPINH1_45_S1500 16 96 54 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; ymA;
rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; rG;
rA; mU; mC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p rG; rA; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1501 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA;
ymA; rG; mG; rA; mA; rG; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU;
rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p mG; rA; mG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1502 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA;
ymA; rG; mG; rA; mA; rG; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU;
rG; rA; rU; mC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p mG; rA; mG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1505 16 22 17 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC;
rA; rA; yrA; mG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC;
rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; mG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p rG;
mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1506 zc3p; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC;
rA; rA; ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA;
rC; rU2p; rG; rA; mU; mC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p rG;
rA; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1507 zc3p; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC;
rA; rA; ymA; rG; mG; rA; mA; rG; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC;
rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p mG;
rA; mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1508 zc3p; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC;
rA; rA; ymA; rG; mG; rA; mA; rG; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC;
rU2p; mU; rG; rA; rU; mC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p mG;
rA; mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1509 16 zc3p; rA; rC; rU; rC;
rC; rA; rA; ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; rU2p; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA;
rC; rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p
mG; rA; mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1510 zc3p; rA; rC; rU; rC;
rC; rA; rA; ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; LdT; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA;
rA; rC; rU2p; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p
mG; rA; mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1511 8 27 zc3p; rA; rC;
rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; yrA; mG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU; rG; rA; rU; rC;
rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; mG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p;
yrU2p rG; mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1512 zidB; rA; rC;
rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rA; rU;
rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; rG; rA; mU; mC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p;
yrU2p; zc3p$ rG; rA; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1513 zidB;
rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; ymA; rG; mG; rA; mA; rG; mU; rG; rA;
rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p;
rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p; zc3p$ mG; rA; mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_45_S1514 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; ymA; rG; mG;
rA; mA; rG; mU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU; rG; rA; rU;
mC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p; zc3p$ mG; rA; mG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1515 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA;
ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; rU2p; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p;
mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p; zc3p$ mG;
rA; mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1516 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC;
rA; rA; ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; LdT; mU;
rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; rU2p;
rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p; zc3p$ mG; rA; mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_45_S1517 24 22 31 7 11 14 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA;
rA; yrA; mG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p;
mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; mG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p; zc3p$ rG;
mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1518 8 90 47 zidB; rA; rC; rU;
mC; mC; rA; ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; mU; mU; rA; rG; rA; rU; mC;
rA; rA; mC; rG; rA; mU; mC; mU; mU; rG; mU; rU; rC; LdC; yrU$ rG;
rA; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1523 3 17 30 16 zidB; rA; rC;
rU; mC; mC; rA; yrA; mG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU; rA; rG; rA; rU; mC;
rA; rA; mC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; mG; mU; rU; rC; LdC; yrU$
rG; mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1524 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC;
mC; rA; rA; ymA; rG; rG; rA; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rA; rU; mC; rA;
rA; rC; rG; rA; mU; mC; mU; mU; rG; mU; rU; mC; mC; yrU; zc3p$ rG;
rA; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1525 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; mC;
rA; rA; ymA; rG; mG; rA; mA; rG; mU; rG; rA; rU; mC; rA; rA; rC;
mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mU; rG; mU; rU; mC; mC; yrU; zc3p$ mG; rA;
mG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1529 24 17 33 zidB; rA; rC; rU;
rC; mC; rA; rA; yrA; mG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU; rG; rA; rU; mC; rA;
rA; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; mG; mU; rU; mC; mC; yrU; zc3p$
rG; mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1684 24 14 zidB; rA; rC;
rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; yrA; mG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU2p; rG; rA; rU; rC;
rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p;
yrU2p; zc3p$ mG; rG; mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1685 8 15
zidB; rA; rC; rU; mC; mC; rA; yrA; mG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU2p; rA;
rG; rA; rU; mC; rA; rA; mC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; mU; rU; rC;
LdC; yrU$ mG; rG; mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_45_S1781 zidB;
rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; rU; rG; rG; mA; rA; mG; rU2p; rG; rA;
rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rU; mG; rU2p;
rC2p; rC2p; yrU2p; zc3p$ rG; mA; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_45_S1786 zidB; rA; rC; rU; rC; rC; rA; rA; dU; rG; rG; mA;
rA; mG; rU2p; rG; rA; rU; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU2p; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC;
mU; rU; mG; rU2p; rC2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rG; mA; rG; mU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1356 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC;
mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; mG; rU;
mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p rA; mG; rG; mA; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1363 zc3p; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC;
mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; rA; mG; rG; mA; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1370 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC;
mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1473 zc3p; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
mC; rA; mC; mC; mC; rA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; mU; rG;
mU; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; mC; rA; rG; rG; rA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1474 zc3p; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1475 zc3p; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1476 zc3p; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1477 zc3p; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1478 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
mC; rA; mC; mC; mC; rA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; mU; rG;
mU; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p mC; rA; rG; rG; rA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1479 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1480 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1481 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1482 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p rA; mG; rG; mA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1483 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG; mU;
mC; rA; mC; mC; mC; rA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; mU; rG;
mU; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mC; rA; rG; rG;
rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1484 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG;
mU; rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p; rU;
mG; rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rA; mG;
rG; mA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1485 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA;
rG; mU; rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG2p;
rU; mG; rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rA;
mG; rG; mA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1486 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU; rG;
rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA; rU;
rG; rG2p; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$
rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1487 zidB; rU; rC; rC; rU;
rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; LdC; rA; mU; rA; rC; rA; rC; rA;
rU; rG; rG2p; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG2p; rU2p; rG2p; rA2p;
zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1488 zidB; rU; mC;
rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mA; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC;
rA; mU; rG; mG; rU; mG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; rU; LdG; rA$ rA;
mG; rG; mA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1489 8 25 zidB; rU; mC; rC;
mU; rG; rA; mU; mC; rA; mC; mC; mC; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU;
rG; mU; rG; mU; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; rG; rU; LdG; rA$ mC; rA; rG;
rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1490 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA;
mU; rC; rA; mC; mC; mC; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG;
rU; rG; mU; mC; mU; mC; rG; rG; rU; LdG; rA$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1491 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; rA;
mC; mC; mC; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU;
mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; rU; LdG; rA$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1492 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC;
rC2p; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rG; rU; LdG; rA$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1493 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC;
LdC; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rG; rU; LdG; rA$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1494 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mA; rC; mC;
rC; mA; rU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mG; rU; mG; rU; mC; rU;
mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; mG; rG; mA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1495 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; mC; rA; mC; mC;
mC; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; mU; rG; mU; rG; mU; mC; mU;
rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ mC; rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1496 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; rA; mC; mC;
mC; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; mU;
mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1497 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; rA; mC; mC;
mC; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU;
mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1498 24 22 10 7 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC;
rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU;
rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1499 24 25 31 18 28 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG;
rA; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; LdC; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU;
rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG;
rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1666 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA;
rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG;
rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG;
rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1667 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG;
mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; LdC; rA; mU; rA; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG;
rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1668 16 14 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA;
rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG;
rG; rU; rG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG; rG;
rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1669 24 18 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG;
rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; mU;
rG; rG; rU; mG; rU; rC; rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG;
rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1670 16 13 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU;
rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; mA; rC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC2p; rA; mC; rA;
mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA;
rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1673 24 22 zidB; rU; rC; rC;
mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC; rA; mC;
rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA;
zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1674 16 zidB; rU; rC;
rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC; rA;
mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; mG; rU; rC; rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA;
zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1675 16 35 zidB; rU; rC;
rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; mA; rC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC; rA;
mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA;
zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1676 10 zidB; rU;
rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC;
rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; rU2p; rG;
rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1677 10 zidB;
rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; LdC; rA; mU; rA;
rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG; rU2p;
rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1678 10
zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU;
rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; rU; mC; rU; mC; rA; rG; rG;
rU2p; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1679 10
zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU;
rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; mG; rU; rC; rU; mC; rA; rG; rG;
rU2p; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1680 10
zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; mA; rC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU;
rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rG;
rU2p; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1682 8
16 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA; mU;
rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; mG; rU; rC; rU; mC; rA; rG;
rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_51_S1778
zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; yrA; rC; rA; mC; rC; rC2p; rA;
mU; rA; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; mG; rU; rC; rU; mC; rA;
rG; rG; mU; rG; yrU; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1779 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; yrA; rC; rA; mC;
rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; mG; rU;
rC; rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; yrU; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1783 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; dU; rC; rA; mC;
rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC2p; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; mG; rU; rC;
rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1784 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; dU; rC; rA; mC; rC;
rC2p; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; mG; rU; rC;
rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1356 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rC;
mG; rU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; rC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p rU; mG; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1363 zc3p; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rC;
mG; rU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; rC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p rU; mG; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1370 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rC;
mG; rU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; rC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU; mG; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1552 zc3p; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC;
mU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mU; mC; rG;
mC; rA; mU; mC; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1553 zc3p; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC;
mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; mC; rU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p; mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1554 zc3p; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1555 zc3p; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; rC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1556 zc3p; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; LdC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1557 zc3p; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; rC2p; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1558 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mU; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; mC; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1559 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; mC; rU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1560 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1561 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; rC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1562 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; LdC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1563 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; rC2p; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1564 16 94 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC;
mU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mU; mC; rG;
mC; rA; mU; mC; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; mU; rG; mU; rC;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1565 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU;
rC; mU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC;
rG; mC; rA; mU; mC; rU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; rG; mU;
rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1566 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
mU; rC; mU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p;
mC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU; rG;
mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1567 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; mU; rC; mU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA;
rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mU;
rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1568 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC; rG; rU; LdC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG;
rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p; zc3p$
mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1569 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA;
rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC; rG; rU; rC2p; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA;
rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rA2p;
zc3p$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1570 zidB; rG; rA;
mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rC; mG; rU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG;
rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC; rG; rA; LdG; rA$ rU;
mG; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1571 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA;
rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mU;
mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; mC; mC; rG; rA; LdG; rA$ mU; mU; rG; mU; rC;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_52_S1572 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU;
rC; mU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC;
rA; mU; mC; rU; mC; rG; rA; LdG; rA$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1573 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC;
mU; mC; rG; rA; LdG; rA$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1574 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rC;
mU; mC; rG; rA; LdG; rA$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1575 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; LdC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU;
mC; mU; mC; rG; rA; LdG; rA$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1576 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; rC2p; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU;
mC; mU; mC; rG; rA; LdG; rA$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1577 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; rC;
mG; rU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rC;
mU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; zc3p$ rU; mG; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1578 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mU; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; mC;
mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; zc3p$ mU; mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1579 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; zc3p$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1580 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU; mC;
mU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; zc3p$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1581 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; mU; rC;
mU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; zc3p$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1582 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; LdC; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU;
mC; mU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; zc3p$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_52_S1583 zidB; rG; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rC; mU; mC;
rG; rU; rC2p; rU; mU; rG; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mC; rA; rU;
mC; mU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rA; zc3p$ mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_58_S1391 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; mU; rC; mU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; rC; rG; mC; rA;
mU; rC; mU; rU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p mG; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_58_S1584 zidB; rG; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; rU; rU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC2p; mC; rG; mC; rA;
rU; mC; mU; rG2p; rA2p; rG2p; rU2p mU; rG; mU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_86_S1356 16 68 65 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; mU;
rG; mU; rA; mG; rU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA; rC2p; mU;
rA; mG; rA; mG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p rC; mU; rG; mU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1363 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; mU;
rG; mU; rA; mG; rU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA; rC2p; mU;
rA; mG; rA; mG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p rC; mU; rG; mU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1370 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; mU;
rG; mU; rA; mG; rU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA; rC2p; mU;
rA; mG; rA; mG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rC; mU; rG;
mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1530 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC;
mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA; rC2p;
mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1531 52 31 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC;
rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1532 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC;
rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; LdT; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1533 8 70 74 zc3p; rA; rC; rA; rG;
rG; rC; rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; rU2p; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC;
rA; rA; rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p
mC; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1534 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG;
rG; rC; rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA;
rA; rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1535 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG;
rC; rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1536 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC;
rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; LdT; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1537 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC;
rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; rU2p; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p mC; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1538 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC;
rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$ mC;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1539 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG;
rC; rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA;
rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1540 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG;
rC; rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; LdT; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA;
rA; rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p; zc3p$
mC; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1541 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rG;
rG; rC; rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; rU2p; rG; rU; rC; rU; rA; rC;
rA; rA; rC2p; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rU2p; rA2p; rC2p; rA2p;
zc3p$ mC; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1542 zidB; rA; mC;
rA; rG; rG; mC; mU; rG; mU; rA; mG; rU; mU; rG; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA;
mC; rA; rA; mU; rA; mG; rA; mG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; LdC; rA$ rC;
mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1543 8 44 42 zidB; rA; mC; rA;
rG; rG; mC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC;
rA; rA; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; LdC; rA$ mC; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1544 8 29 36 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG;
rG; mC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA;
rA; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; rC; mU; rA; LdC; rA$ mU; rG;
rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1545 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG; rG; mC; mU;
rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; LdT; rG; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; rA; mU;
rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; LdC; rA$ mC; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1546 16 67 63 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG; rG; mC; mU;
rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; rU2p; rG; rC; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; rA; mU;
rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; LdC; rA$ mC; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1547 16 24 63 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC;
mU; rG; mU; rA; mG; rU; mU; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; rA; mU; rA;
mG; rA; mG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ rC; mU; rG; mU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1548 16 39 67 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC;
mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; rA; mU; rA;
rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mC; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1549 16 20 68 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC;
mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; mU; mU; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; rA; mU; rA;
rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1550 16 96 92 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC;
mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; LdT; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; rA; mU;
rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mC; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_86_S1551 16 70 51 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rG; rG;
rC; rC; mU; rG; mU; rA; rG; rU; rU2p; rG; rU; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA;
rA; mU; rA; rG; rA; rG; rG; mC; rC; mU; rA; mC; rA; zc3p$ mC; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1686 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA;
mC; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC;
mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1688 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU;
rA; mU; rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; rC; mC;
rC; mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1689 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU; rA;
mU; rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA;
rU; mG; rU; mG; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1690 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU; rA;
mU; rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA;
rU; mG; rU; mG; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1691 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU; rA;
mU; rA; mG; rC; rA2p; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; rC; mC; rC;
mA; rU; mG; rU; mG; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC;
zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1692 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU; rA; mU; rA;
mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU2p; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1693 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; mU; rA; mU; rA;
mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU2p; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1695 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1696 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1697 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; rA2p; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1698 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rC; mU; rA; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1699 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rC; mU; rA; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1701 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rC; mU; rA; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1702 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rC; mU; rA; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1703 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; rA2p; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1704 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA;
mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; mA; rU;
mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1706 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; rC; rA; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA;
mG; rC; mA; rC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; rU; rG; rC2p; mC; rC; mA; rU;
mG; rU; mG; rU2p; rA2p; rU2p; rA2p; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_2_S1708 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU;
rA; mG; rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU;
mG; rU; mG; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1709 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; rA2p; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG;
rU; mG; mC; mU; rA; LdT; rA$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1710 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; mA; rC; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG; rU;
mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; rC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_2_S1711 zidB; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rA; mU; rA; mU; rA; mG;
rC; rA2p; mC; rA; rU; rG; rG; rG; mU; rG; rC; mC; rC; mA; rU; mG;
rU; mG; rC; mU; rA; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mC; rU; mC; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1712 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; mU; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU;
mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1713 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mC; mA; rU;
mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1714 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1715 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1716 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1717 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA;
rU; rC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1718 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; mU; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU;
mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1719 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mC; mA; rU;
mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1720 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1721 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG;
rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1722 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA;
mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC;
mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG;
mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1723 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU;
rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU;
rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; rC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU;
rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1724 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; mU;
rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1725 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA;
mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG;
mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1726 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG;
mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1727 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG;
rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1728 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG;
rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1729 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG;
mC; mA; rU; rC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1730 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; mU; rC; mG; rC;
mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1731 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mC;
mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1732 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG;
mC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU;
zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1733 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA;
mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC;
mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG;
rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1734 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU;
rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU;
rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU; mU;
rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1735 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA;
mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC;
mU; rC; rG; mC; mA; rU; rC; rG; rA; rG; rU2p; rA; zc3p; zc3p$ rU;
mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1736 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG;
rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC;
rG; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG;
mU; zc3p; zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1737 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU;
mU; rA; mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; mC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; rU;
mC; rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1738 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA;
mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; rC; mU; rC;
rG; mC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1740 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA;
mC; rU; mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; rC; mU; rC;
mG; rC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p;
zc3p$ SERPINH1_6_S1742 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA;
mC; rU; mC; rG; mU; rC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; mU; rC; mG;
rC; mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1743 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU;
mC; rG; mU; mC; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; rU; mC; rG; mC; mA;
rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1745 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU;
mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC;
mA; rU; mC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1747 zidB; rA; rC; rA; rA; rG; rA; rU; mU; rA; mC; rU;
mC; rG; rU2p; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rG; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC;
mA; rU; rC; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1748 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1749 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1750 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA;
rU; rC; rG; rA; rG; LdT; rA$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1751 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1752 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; mG; rC; mA;
rU; mC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; mU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_6_S1753 zidB; rA; mC; rA; rA; rG; rA; mU; rA; mC; rU; mC;
rG; rU2p; mU; rG; rC; rG; rA; rG; rA; mC; rC; mU; rC; rG; mC; mA;
rU; rC; rG; rA; rG; mU; rA; zc3p$ rU; mU; rG; rU; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_42_S1354 rG; rA; rC; rA; rG; rG; rC; rC; rU; yrA; rU; rA;
rG; rU; rU; rG; rU; rA; rC; rU; rA; rC; rA; rA; rC; rU; rG; rA; rG;
rG; rC; rC; rU; rG; rA; yrU; zdT; zdT$ rU; rC; zdT; zdT$
SERPINH1_51_S1671 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC;
rC; rC2p; rA; mU; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1672 zidB; rU; rC; rC; mU; rG; rA; rG; mU; rC; rA; mC;
rC; LdC; rA; mU; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1681 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; rA; mC; rC;
rC2p; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; rU; mC;
rU; mC; rA; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
SERPINH1_51_S1683 zidB; rU; mC; rC; mU; rG; rA; mU; rC; mA; rC; rC;
rC2p; rA; mU; rG; rA; rC; rA; mC; rA; mU; rG; rG; rU; rG; mU; mC;
rU; mC; rG; rG; mU; rG; rA; zc3p$ rA; rG; rG; rA; zc3p; zc3p$
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 7 Code of the modified
nucleotides/unconventional moieties as used in the Tables herein.
Code Description rA riboadenosine-3'-phosphate; 3'-adenylic acid rC
ribocytidine-3'-phosphate; 3'-cytidylic acid rG
riboguanosine-3'-phosphate; 3'-guanylic acid rU
ribouridine-3'-phosphate; 3'-uridylic acid mA
2'-O-methyladenosine-3'-phosphate; 2'-O-methyl-3'-adenylic acid mC
2'-O-methylcytidine-3'-phosphate; 2'-O-methyl-3'-cytidylic acid mG
2'-O-methylguanosine-3'-phosphate; 2'-O-methyl-3'-guanylic acid mU
2'-O-methyluridine-3'-phosphate; 2'-O-methyl-3'-uridylic acid dA
deoxyriboadenosine-3'-phosphate; 2'-deoxyribo-3'-adenylic acid dC
deoxyribocytidine-3'-phosphate; 2'-deoxyribo-3'-cytidylic acid dG
deoxyriboguanosine-3'-phosphate; 2'-deoxyribo-3'-guanylic acid dT
thymidine-3'-phosphate; 3'-thymidylic acid rA2p
riboadenosine-2'-phosphate; 2'-adenylic acid (2'5' A) rC2p
ribocytidine-2'-phosphate; 2'-cytidylic acid (2'5' C) rG2p
riboguanosine-2'-phosphate; 2'-guanylic acid (2'5' G) rU2p
ribouridine-2'-phosphate; 2'-uridylic acid (2'5'U) LdA
L-deoxyriboadenosine-3'-phosphate (mirror image dA) LdC
L-deoxyribocytidine-3'-phosphate (mirror image dC) LdG
L-deoxyriboguanosine-3'-phosphate (mirror image dG) LdT
L-deoxyribothymidine-3'-phosphate (mirror image dT) dB abasic
deoxyribose-3'-phosphate; 1,2-dideoxy-D-ribofuranose-3-phosphate;
1,4-2-deoxy-D-ribitol-3-phosphate zidB Inverted abasic
deoxyribose-5'-phosphate; At 5' = 5'-5' idAb; At 3' = 3'-3' idAb z
Prefix to indicate moiety covalently attached to 3' terminus or 5'
terminus psiU pseudouridne p 5' phosphate s 5' phosphorothioate C3
C3 non-nucleotide $ lacking a 3' linker (used together with above
nucleotides at the 3' end of the sequence)
siRNA oligonucleotides useful in generating double stranded RNA
molecules are disclosed in Tables A-18, A-19 and B-E below.
SERPINH1 Oligonucleotide Sequence Useful in the Preparation of
siRNA Compounds.
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE A-18 SEQ SEQ ID ID NO NO Cross Ident Human
Name SEN Sense (5' > 3') AS Antisense (5' > 3') Species
gi''32454740 SERPINH1_2 60 GAGACACAUGGGUGCUAUA 127
UAUAGCACCCAUGUGUCUC H, Rt, Rh, [1533-1551] M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_3
61 GGGAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGA 128 UCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUCCC H, Rt, Rh,
[1112-1130] Rb (18/19) SERPINH1_5 62 GAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUA 129
UAUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUC H, Rt [1123-1141] (18/19) SERPINH1_6 63
ACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGUA 130 UACUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGU H, Rt, Rh, [1464-1482]
(18/19) SERPINH1_7 64 GGACAACCGUGGCUUCAUA 131 UAUGAAGCCACGGUUGUCC
H, Rh, M [886-904] (18/19) SERPINH1_8 65 UGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGUA 132
UACUCGUUGAUGGACUGCA H, Rt, Rh, M [738-756] (18/19) SERPINH1_9 66
GCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUGCA 133 UGCAUGAGGAUGAUGAGGC H, Rt, Rh, [1026-1044]
M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_10 67 CGCGCUGCAGUCCAUCAAA 134
UUUGAUGGACUGCAGCGCG H, Rt, Rh [733-751] (18/19) SERPINH1_11 68
CGGACAGGCCUCUACAACA 135 UGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCG H, Rt, Rh, P [944-962]
(18/19) SERPINH1_13 69 UGACAAGAUGCGAGACGAA 136 UUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGUCA
H, Rh [1462-1480] (18/19) SERPINH1_14 70 CCAGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAA 137
UUGAGGAUGAUGAGGCUGG H, M, Rt, [1023-1041] Rh, D- (18/19)
SERPINH1_15 71 GCUGCAGUCCAUCAACGAA 138 UUCGUUGAUGGACUGCAGC H, Rt,
Rh [736-754] (18/19) SERPINH1_16 72 GCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAA 139
UUGGACUGCAGCGCGCUGC H, Rt, Rh [729-747] (18/19) SERPINH1_17 73
UGAGACACAUGGGUGCUAA 140 UUAGCACCCAUGUGUCUCA H, Rt, Rh [1532-1550]
M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_19 74 GGUGGAGGUGACCCAUGAA 141
UUCAUGGGUCACCUCCACC H, Rt, Rh, M [1159-1177] (18/19) SERPINH1_20 75
CUUUGACCAGGACAUCUAA 142 UUAGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAG H, Rt, Rh [1324-1342]
(18/19) SERPINH1_21 76 GGAGGUGACCCAUGACCUA 143 UAGGUCAUGGGUCACCUCC
H, Rt, Rh, [1162-1180] M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_22 77
CUCCUGAGACACAUGGGUA 144 UACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGAG H, D [1528-1546]
(18/19) SERPINH1_23 78 AGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAA 145 UUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUCU
H, Rt [1122-1140] (18/19) SERPINH1_24 79 AGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAA 146
UUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCU H, Rt, D, [1017-1035] M, P, Rh (18/19)
SERPINH1_25 80 CUGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGA 147 UCUCGUUGAUGGACUGCAG H, Rt,
Rh M [737-755] (18/19) SERPINH1_26 81 CCGGACAGGCCUCUACAAA 148
UUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCGG H, Rt, Rh, [943-961] Rb, P (18/19) SERPINH1_27
82 GCACCGGACAGGCCUCUAA 149 UUAGAGGCCUGUCCGGUGC H, Rt, Rh, [940-958]
Rb, P (18/19) SERPINH1_28 83 GCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCA 150
UGCAACAGCCUUCUUCUGC H, Rt [1120-1138] (18/19) SERPINH1_31 84
AGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUA 151 UAGAUGGCAACAGCCUUCU H, Rt [1125-1143]
(18/19) SERPINH1_32 85 AGCGCAGCGCGCUGCAGUA 152 UACUGCAGCGCGCUGCGCU
H, Rt, Rh, [726-744] (18/19) SERPINH1_33 86 GACACAUGGGUGCUAUUGA 153
UCAAUAGCACCCAUGUGUC H, Rt, Rh, M [1535-1553] (18/19) SERPINH1_34 87
GGGCCUGACUGAGGCCAUA 154 UAUGGCCUCAGUCAGGCCC H, Rt [1201-1219]
(18/19) SERPINH1_35 88 AGACACAUGGGUGCUAUUA 155 UAAUAGCACCCAUGUGUCU
H, Rt, Rh, M [1534-1552] (18/19) SERPINH1_36 89 CCAUGACCUGCAGAAACAA
156 UUGUUUCUGCAGGUCAUGG H, Rt, Rh, M [1171-1189] (18/19)
SERPINH1_37 90 AGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGA 157 UCAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCU H, Rt,
Rh, M [1116-1134] (18/19) SERPINH1_38 91 CAAGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUA 158
UAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCUUG H, Rt, Rh, [1015-1033] M, P, D (18/19)
SERPINH1_39 92 UGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUGA 159 UCAACAGCCUUCUUCUGCA H, Rt
[1119-1137] (18/19) SERPINH1_41 93 CAGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUA 160
UAUGAGGAUGAUGAGGCUG H, Rt, Rh, [1024-1042] M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_42
94 GACAGGCCUCUACAACUAA 161 UUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUC H, Rt, Rh, [946-964]
Rb, P (18/19) SERPINH1_43 95 GAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUA 162
UACAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUC H, Rt, Rh, M [1117-1135] (18/19) SERPINH1_44 96
ACCCAUGACCUGCAGAAAA 163 UUUUCUGCAGGUCAUGGGU H, Rt, Rh, M
[1169-1187] (18/19) SERPINH1_45 97 ACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCA 164
UGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGU H, Rt, Rh, [702-720] M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_45a
98 ACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCU 165 AGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGU H, Rt, Rh, [702-720]
M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_48 99 AGGCCUCUACAACUACUAA 166
UUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCU H, Rt, Rh, [949-967] Rb, P, D (18/19)
SERPINH1_49 100 CACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCA 167 UGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUG H, Rt,
Rh, [701-719] M, D (18/19) SERPINH1_51 101 UCCUGAGACACAUGGGUGA 168
UCACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGA H, Rt, D, M [1529-1547] (18/19) SERPINH1_52 102
GACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGA 169 UCUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGUC H, Rt, Rh, [1463-1481]
(18/19) SERPINH1_53 103 GGUGACCCAUGACCUGCAA 170 UUGCAGGUCAUGGGUCACC
H, Rt, Rh, M [1165-1183] (18/19) SERPINH1_59 104
CCGAGGUGAAGAAACCUGA 171 UCAGGUUUCUUCACCUCGG H, Rt, Rh, [285-303]
(18/19) SERPINH1_51a 105 UCCUGAGACACAUGGGUGU 172
ACACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGA H, Rt, D, M [1529-1547] (18/19) SERPINH1_61 106
GCACUCCAAGAUCAACUUA 173 UAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGC H, Rh, D [700-718]
(18/19) SERPINH1_62 107 GUGGUGGAGGUGACCCAUA 174 UAUGGGUCACCUCCACCAC
H, Rt, Rh, [1157-1175] M, Rb (18/19) SERPINH1_64 108
GCCGAGGUGAAGAAACCUA 175 UAGGUUUCUUCACCUCGGC H, Rt, Rh, [284-302]
(18/19) SERPINH1_65 109 GCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUA 176 UAUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGC
H, Rt, D, [1018-1036] M, P, Rh (18/19) SERPINH1_66 110
GAUGCACCGGACAGGCCUA 177 UAGGCCUGUCCGGUGCAUC H, Rt, Rh, [937-955] M,
Rb, P (18/19) SERPINH1_68 111 CUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUCA 178
UGAUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAG H, Rt, D, [1019-1037] M, P, Rh (18/19)
SERPINH1_69 112 GCAGACCACCGACGGCAAA 179 UUUGCCGUCGGUGGUCUGC H, Rt,
D [763-781] (18/19) SERPINH1_70 113 AGUCCAUCAACGAGUGGGA 180
UCCCACUCGUUGAUGGACU H, Rt, Rh, M [741-759] (18/19) SERPINH1_71 114
ACCGUGGCUUCAUGGUGAA 181 UUCACCAUGAAGCCACGGU H, Rt, Rh, M [891-909]
(18/19) SERPINH1_74 115 GAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUCA 182 UGAGAUGGCAACAGCCUUC
H, Rt, [1126-1144] (18/19) SERPINH1_75 116 GAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCA 183
UGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUC H, Rt, Rh, [1114-1132] Rb (18/19) SERPINH1_77
117 UGAUGAUGCACCGGACAGA 184 UCUGUCCGGUGCAUCAUCA H, Rh, [933-951]
(18/19) SERPINH1_78 118 CCCUUUGACCAGGACAUCA 185 UGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAGGG
H, Rt, Rh, [1322-1340] (18/19) SERPINH1_80 119 CAGUCCAUCAACGAGUGGA
186 UCCACUCGUUGAUGGACUG H, Rt, Rh, M [740-758] (18/19) SERPINH1_82
120 CAACCGUGGCUUCAUGGUA 187 UACCAUGAAGCCACGGUUG H, Rt, Rh, M
[889-907]
(18/19) SERPINH1_83 121 CGACAAGCGCAGCGCGCUA 188 UAGCGCGCUGCGCUUGUCG
H [721-739] (18/19) SERPINH1_84 122 GCAGUCCAUCAACGAGUGA 189
UCACUCGUUGAUGGACUGC H, Rt, Rh, M [739-757] (18/19) SERPINH1_86 123
ACAGGCCUCUACAACUACA 190 UGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGU H, Rt, Rh, [947-965]
Rb, P, D (18/19) SERPINH1_87 124 AAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUA 191
UAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUU H, Rt, Rh, M [1115-1133] (18/19) SERPINH1_89
125 CAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAUA 192 UAUGGACUGCAGCGCGCUG H, Rt, Rh,
[730-748] (18/19) SERPINH1_90 126 GCGCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCA 193
UGACUGCAGCGCGCUGCGC H, Rt, Rh, [727-745] (18/19) Select siRNAs SEQ
ID SEQ ID Activity Activity Activity IC50 siRNA SEN AS 0.1 nM 0.5
nM 5 nM (nM) Length SERPINH1_2 60 127 65 48 7 .008 19 SERPINH1_6 63
130 164 39 5 .019 19 SERPINH1_11 68 135 119 54 6 .05 19 SERPINH1_13
69 136 91 24 4 19 SERPINH1_45 97 164 156 38 8 .07 19 SERPINH1_45a
98 165 19 SERPINH1_51 101 168 68 39 5 .05 19 SERPINH1_52 102 169
149 37 9 0.06 19 SERPINH1_86 123 190 121 61 0.27 19 SEQ SEQ ID ID
Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity
siRNA SEN AS 0.026 nM 0.077 nM 0.23 nM 0.69 nM 2.1 nM 6.25 nM 25 nM
SERPINH1_45 97 164 102 81 55 41 28 22 16 SERPINH1_45a 98 165 107 98
84 69 36 24 16
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE A-19 SEQ SEQ ID ID Ident NO NO Human gi Name
SEN Sense (5' > 3') AS Antisense (5' > 3') Species L 32454740
SERPINH1_1 194 GGACAGGCCUCUACAACUA 219 UAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCC H, Rt,
Rh, 19 [945-963] Rb, P (19/19) SERPINH1_4 195 GAGACACAUGGGUGCUAUU
220 AAUAGCACCCAUGUGUCUC H, Rt, Rh, 19 [1533-1551] M, D (19/19)
SERPINH1_12 196 ACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGUU 221 AACUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGU H, Rt,
Rh, 19 [1464-1482] (19/19) SERPINH1_18 197 CCUUUGACCAGGACAUCUA 222
UAGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAGG H, Rt, Rh, 19 [1323-1341] (19/19) SERPINH1_29
198 GACCCAUGACCUGCAGAAA 223 UUUCUGCAGGUCAUGGGUC H, Rt, Rh, M 19
[1168-1186] (19/19) SERPINH1_30 199 CGGACAGGCCUCUACAACU 224
AGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCG H, Rt, Rh, 19 [944-962] Rb, P (19/19)
SERPINH1_40 200 ACCGGACAGGCCUCUACAA 225 UUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCGGU H, Rt,
Rh, 19 [942-960] Rb, P, (19/19) SERPINH1_46 201 GCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAU
226 AUGGACUGCAGCGCGCUGC H, Rt, Rh, 19 [729-747] (19/19) SERPINH1_47
202 GCGCGCUGCAGUCCAUCAA 227 UUGAUGGACUGCAGCGCGC H, Rt, Rh, 19
[732-750] (19/19) SERPINH1_50 203 CUGAGACACAUGGGUGCUA 228
UAGCACCCAUGUGUCUCAG H, Rt, Rh, 19 [1531-1549] M, D (19/19)
SERPINH1_54 204 AGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAU 229 AUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUCU H, Rt
19 [1122-1140] (19/19) SERPINH1_55 205 AGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAU 230
AUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCU H, Rt, D, 19 [1017-1035] M, P, Rh (19/19)
SERPINH1_56 206 CUGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGU 231 ACUCGUUGAUGGACUGCAG H, Rt,
Rh, M 19 [737-755] (19/19) SERPINH1_57 207 CGCUGCAGUCCAUCAACGA 232
UCGUUGAUGGACUGCAGCG H, Rt, Rh, 19 [735-753] (19/19) SERPINH1_58 208
GACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGU 233 ACUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGUC H, Rt, Rh, 19
[1463-1481] (19/19) SERPINH1_63 209 GGGCCUGACUGAGGCCAUU 234
AAUGGCCUCAGUCAGGCCC H, Rt 19 [1201-1219] (19/19) SERPINH1_67 210
GAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUU 235 AACAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUC H, Rt, Rh, M 19
[1117-1135] (19/19) SERPINH1_72 211 CACCGGACAGGCCUCUACA 236
UGUAGAGGCCUGUCCGGUG H, Rt, Rh, 19 [941-959] Rb, P (19/19)
SERPINH1_73 212 AGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGU 237 ACAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCU H, Rt,
Rh M 19 [1116-1134] (19/19) SERPINH1_76 713 AGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAUCA 238
UGAUGGACUGCAGCGCGCU H, Rt, Rh 19 [731-749] (19/19) SERPINH1_79 214
GGAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGC 239 GCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUCC H, Rt, Rh, 19
[1113-1131] Rb (19/19) SERPINH1_81 215 GAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUC 240
GAUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUC H, Rt 19 [1123-1141] (19/19) SERPINH1_85 216
UGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGUG 241 CACUCGUUGAUGGACUGCA H, Rt, Rh, M 19
[738-756] (19/19) SERPINH1_88 217 CCUGAGACACAUGGGUGCU 242
AGCACCCAUGUGUCUCAGG H, Rt, D, M 19 [1530-1548] (19/19) SERPINH1_91
218 CGCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCA 243 UGGACUGCAGCGCGCUGCG H, Rt, Rh, 19
[728-746] (19/19) Select siRNAs SEQ ID SEQ ID Activity Activity
Activity siRNA NO SEN NO AS 0.1 nM 0.5 nM 5 nM IC50 (nM) Length
SERPINH1_4 195 220 60 35 5 .006 19 SERPINH1_12 196 221 54 42 8 .065
19 SERPINH1_18 197 222 139 43 9 19 SERPINH1_30 199 224 146 49 9
0.093 19 SERPINH1_58 208 233 na na 8 19 SERPINH1_88 217 242 105 43
9 19
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE B Additional Active 19-mer SERPINH1 siRNAs No
SEQ ID SEN Sense siRNA SEQ ID AS AntiSense siRNA Other human- 1 244
GGCAGACUCUGGUCAAGAA 460 UUCUUGACCAGAGUCUGCC Rh [2009-2027] 2 245
CAGUGAGGCGGAUUGAGAA 461 UUCUCAAUCCGCCUCACUG [1967-1985] 3 246
AGCCUUUGUUGCUAUCAAU 462 AUUGAUAGCAACAAAGGCU Rh [2117-2135] 4 247
CCAUGUUCUUCAAGCCACA 463 UGUGGCUUGAAGAACAUGG Rh, Rb, D [837-855] 5
248 CCCUCUUCUGACACUAAAA 464 UUUUAGUGUCAGAAGAGGG [1850-1868] 6 249
CCUCAAUCAGUAUUCAUAU 465 AUAUGAAUACUGAUUGAGG [1774-1792] 7 250
GAGACACAUGGGUGCUAUU 466 AAUAGCACCCAUGUGUCUC Rh, D, Rt, M
[1533-1551] 8 251 GUGACAAGAUGCGAGACGA 467 UCGUCUCGCAUCUUGUCAC Rh
[1461-1479] 9 252 GCCACACUGGGAUGAGAAA 468 UUUCUCAUCCCAGUGUGGC Rh,
Rb, M [850-868] 10 253 AGAUGCGAGACGAGUUAUA 469 UAUAACUCGUCUCGCAUCU
Rh [1467-1485] 11 254 ACGACGACGAGAAGGAAAA 470 UUUUCCUUCUCGUCGUCGU
[966-984] 12 255 GCCUCUACAACUACUACGA 471 UCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGC Rb, D
[951-969] 13 256 AGAUCAACUUCCGCGACAA 472 UUGUCGCGGAAGUUGAUCU D
[708-726] 14 257 ACUACUACGACGACGAGAA 473 UUCUCGUCGUCGUAGUAGU Rb
[960-978] 15 258 AGCCCUCUUCUGACACUAA 474 UUAGUGUCAGAAGAGGGCU
[1848-1866] 16 259 ACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGUU 475 AACUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGU Rh,
Rt [1464-1482] 17 260 AGCCACACUGGGAUGAGAA 476 UUCUCAUCCCAGUGUGGCU
Rh, Rb, M [849-867] 18 261 AGGACCAGGCAGUGGAGAA 477
UUCUCCACUGCCUGGUCCU Rh [408-426] 19 262 CAGGCAAGAAGGACCUGUA 478
UACAGGUCCUUCUUGCCUG Rh, D [1251-1269] 20 263 ACCUGUGAGACCAAAUUGA
479 UCAAUUUGGUCUCACAGGU Rh [1813-1831] 21 264 CUUUGUUGCUAUCAAUCCA
480 UGGAUUGAUAGCAACAAAG Rh [2120-2138] 22 265 GUGAGACCAAAUUGAGCUA
481 UAGCUCAAUUuGGUCUCAC Rh [1817-1835] 23 266 CCCUGAAAGUCCCAGAUCA
482 UGAUCUGGGACUUUCAGGG [1749-1767] 24 267 CCUUUGACCAGGACAUCUA 483
UAGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAGG Rh, Rt [1323-1341] 25 268 GACCAGGCAGUGGAGAACA
484 UGUUCUCCACUGCCUGGUC Rh [410-428] 26 269 CGCGCAACGUGACCUGGAA 485
UUCCAGGUCACGUUGCGCG M [597-615] 27 270 AUGAGAAAUUCCACCACAA 486
UUGUGGUGGAAUUUCUCAU Rh [861-879] 28 271 GAAGAAACCUGCAGCCGCA 487
UGCGGCUGCAGGUUUCUUC [292-310] 29 272 CUCUCGAGCGCCUUGAAAA 488
UUUUCAAGGCGCUCGAGAG [1059-1077] 30 273 GGAACAUGAGCCUUUGUUG 489
CAACAAAGGCUCAUGUUCC Rh [2109-2127] 31 274 CUCACCUGUGAGACCAAAU 490
AUUUGGUCUCACAGGUGAG Rh [1810-1828] 32 275 CUACGACGACGAGAAGGAA 491
UUCCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAG Rb [964-982] 33 276 ACCACAAGAUGGUGGACAA 492
UUGUCCACCAUCUUGUGGU Rh, Rb, M, P [873-891] 34 277
CUGGCACUGCGGAGAAGUU 493 AACUUCUCCGCAGUGCCAG [318-336] 35 278
GGUCCUAUACCGUGGGUGU 494 ACACCCACGGUAUAGGACC Rh [912-930] 36 279
CCAACCUCUCCCAACUAUA 495 UAUAGUUGGGAGAGGUUGG Rh [1896-1914] 37 280
GAGAAGGAAAAGCUGCAAA 496 UUUGCAGCUUUUCCUUCUC Rh [974-992] 38 281
GCCUCUCGAGCGCCUUGAA 497 UUCAAGGCGCUCGAGAGGC [1057-1075] 39 282
AGGCCAUUGACAAGAACAA 498 UUGUUCUUGUCAAUGGCCU Rh, D [1212-1230] 40
283 GACCCAUGACCUGCAGAAA 499 UUUCUGCAGGUCAUGGGUC Rh, Rt, M
[1168-1186] 41 284 CUCCUGGCACUGCGGAGAA 500 UUCUCCGCAGUGCCAGGAG
[315-333] 42 285 CGGACAGGCCUCUACAACU 501 AGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCG Rh,
Rb, Rt, P [944-962] 43 286 GAUGAGAAAUUCCACCACA 502
UGUGGUGGAAUUUCUCAUC Rh [860-878] 44 287 CACGCAUGUCAGGCAAGAA 503
UUCUUGCCUGACAUGCGUG Rh, D [1242-1260] 45 288 ACCUCUCCCAACUAUAAAA
504 UUUUAUAGUUGGGAGAGGU Rh [1899-1917] 46 289 ACCAGGCAGUGGAGAACAU
505 AUGUUCUCCACUGCCUGGU Rh [411-429] 47 290 GGGAACAUGAGCCUUUGUU 506
AACAAAGGCUCAUGUUCCC Rh [2108-2126] 48 291 AGAAUUCACUCCACUUGGA 507
UCCAAGUGGAGUGAAUUCU Rh [1653-1671] 49 292 GGGCAGACUCUGGUCAAGA 508
UCUUGACCAGAGUCUGCCC Rh [2008-2026] 50 293 AGAAGGAAAAGCUGCAAAU 509
AUUUGCAGCUUUUCCUUCU Rh [975-993] 51 294 GGCAGUGGAGAACAUCCUG 510
CAGGAUGUUCUCCACUGCC Rh [415-433] 52 295 GGGAUGAGAAAUUCCACCA 511
UGGUGGAAUUUCUCAUCCC Rh [858-876] 53 296 CCAAGCUGUUCUACGCCGA 512
UCGGCGUAGAACAGCUUGG Rh [1365-1383] 54 297 ACCGGACAGGCCUCUACAA 513
UUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCGGU Rh, Rb, Rt, P [942-960] 55 298
CUGCCUCAAUCAGUAUUCA 514 UGAAUACUGAUUGAGGCAG [1771-1789] 56 299
CAGCCCUCUUCUGACACUA 515 UAGUGUCAGAAGAGGGCUG [1847-1865] 57 300
CCAGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAU 516 AUGAGGAUGAUGAGGCUGG Rh, D, Rt, M
[1023-1041] 58 301 AGGGUGACAAGAUGCGAGA 517 UCUCGCAUCUUGUCACCCU Rh,
D [1458-1476] 59 302 GGACCAGGCAGUGGAGAAC 518 GUUCUCCACUGCCUGGUCC Rh
[409-427] 60 303 GCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAU 519 AUGGACUGCAGCGCGCUGC Rh, Rt
[729-747] 61 304 GCGCGCUGCAGUCCAUCAA 520 UUGAUGGACUGCAGCGCGC Rh, Rt
[732-750] 62 305 CCAGAUACCAUGAUGCUGA 521 UCAGCAUCAUGGUAUCUGG Rh
[1680-1698] 63 306 CUAGUGCGGGACACCCAAA 522 UUUGGGUGUCCCGCACUAG
[1400-1418] 64 307 AGGCAGUGGAGAACAUCCU 523 AGGAUGUUCUCCACUGCCU Rh
[414-432] 65 308 CUGAGACACAUGGGUGCUA 524 UAGCACCCAUGUGUCUCAG Rh, D,
Rt, M [1531-1549] 66 309 GAUUGAGAAGGAGCUCCCA 525
UGGGAGCUCCUUCUCAAUC [1977-1995] 67 310 CGCAGACCACCGACGGCAA 526
UUGCCGUCGOUGGUCUGCG D, Rt [762-780] 68 311 CCACACUGGGAUGAGAAAU 527
AUUUCUCAUCCCAGUGUGG Rh [851-869] 69 312 GCUCAGUGAGCUUCGCUGA 528
UCAGCGAAGCUCACUGAGC [642-660] 70 313 CGCCUUUGAGUUGGACACA 529
UGUGUCCAACUCAAAGGCG Rh [1294-1312] 71 314 GGGUCAGCCAGCCCUCUUC 530
GAAGAGGGCUGGCUGACCC Rh [1839-1857] 72 315 GGGCUUCUGGGCAGACUCU 531
AGAGUCUGCCCAGAAGCCC Rh [2000-2018] 73 316 GGUACCUUCUCACCUGUGA 532
UCACAGGUGAGAAGGUACC Rh [1802-1820] 74 317 GCCUGCCUCAAUCAGUAUU 533
AAUACUGAUUGAGGCAGGC [1769-1787] 75 318 UCUACAACUACUACGACGA 534
UCGUCGUAGUAGUUGUAGA Rb [954-972] 76 319 GGGAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGG 535
CCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUCCC Rh, Rb, Rt [1112-1130] 77 320
CGAGAAGGAAAAGCUGCAA 536 UUGCAGCUUUUCCUUCUCG Rh [973-991] 78 321
AGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAU 537 AUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUCU Rt [1122-1140] 79 322
CACAAGCUCUCCAGCCUCA 538 UGAGGCUGGAGAGCUUGUG Rh, D, M, P [1013-1031]
80 323 GGGUGACAAGAUGCGAGAC 539 GUCUCGCAUCUUGUCACCC Rh, D
[1459-1477] 81 324 UGUUGGAGCGUGGAAAAAA 540 UUUUUUCCACGCUCCAACA
[2190-2208] 82 325 CUUUGAGUUGGACACAGAU 541 AUCUGUGUCCAACUCAAAG Rh
[1297-1315] 83 326 AGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAU 542 AUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCU Rh,
D, Rt, M, [1017-1035] 84 327 AGCUGUUCUACGCCGACCA 543
UGGUCGGCGUAGAACAGCU Rh [1368-1386] 85 328 CUGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGU 544
ACUCGUUGAUGGACUGCAG Rh, Rt, M [737-755] 86 329 UACGACGACGAGAAGGAAA
545 UUUCCUUCUCGUCGUCGUA [965-983] 87 330 CCUAGUGCGGGACACCCAA 546
UUGGGUGUCCCGCACUAGG [1399-1417] 88 331 CUUCUCACCUGUGAGACCA 547
UGGUCUCACAGGUGAGAAG Rh [1807-1825] 89 332 AGUUGGACACAGAUGGCAA 548
UUGCCAUCUGUGUCCAACU [1302-1320] 90 333 CAGUGGAGAACAUCCUGGU 549
ACCAGGAUGUUCUCCACUG Rh [417-435] 91 334 CCAGCUAGAAUUCACUCCA 550
UGGAGUGAAUUCUAGCUGG Rh [1647-1665] 92 335 CGCUGCAGUCCAUCAACGA 551
UCGUUGAUGGACUGCAGCG Rh, Rt [735-753] 93 336 CCAAGGACCAGGCAGUGGA 552
UCCACUGCCUGGUCCUUGG Rh [405-423] 94 337 AGUUCUUCAAAGAUAGGGA 553
UCCCUAUCUUUGAAGAACU [2082-2100] 95 338 CGGACCUUCCCAGCUAGAA 554
UUCUAGCUGGGAAGGUCCG Rh [1638-1656] 96 339 GACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGU 555
ACUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGUC Rh, Rt [1463-1481] 97 340 CCAAGAUCAACUUCCGCGA
556 UCGCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGG D [705-723] 98 341 CCCAUCACGUGGAGCCUCU 557
AGAGGCUCCACGUGAUGGG Rh [1044-1062] 99 342 CCAUGAUGCUGAGCCCGGA 558
UCCGGGCUCAGCAUCAUGG [1687-1705] 100 343 AGCCUGCCUCAAUCAGUAU 559
AUACUGAUUGAGGCAGGCU [1768-1786] 101 344 CGGCCUAAGGGUGACAAGA 560
UCUUGUCACCCUUAGGCCG Rh [1451-1469] 102 345 GGGCCUGACUGAGGCCAUU 561
AAUGGCCUCAGUCAGGCCC Rt [1201-1219] 103 346 UCACCUGUGAGACCAAAUU 562
AAUUUGGUCUCACAGGUGA Rh [1811-1829] 104 347 GAGGCCAUUGACAAGAACA 563
UGUUCUUGUCAAUGGCCUC Rh, D [1211-1229] 105 348 GCUCCUGGCACUGCGGAGA
564 UCUCCGCAGUGCCAGGAGC [314-332] 106 349 GGCGCCUGGUCCGGCCUAA 565
UUAGGCCGGACCAGGCGCC Rh [1440-1458] 107 350 CCAGCCCUCUUCUGACACU 566
AGUGUCAGAAGAGGGCUGG [1846-1864] 108 351 ACUACGACGACGAGAAGGA 567
UCCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAGU Rb [963-981] 109 352 CCUAUACCGUGGGUGUCAU 568
AUGACACCCACGGUAUAGG Rh, D, P [915-933] 110 353 GACCCAGCUCAGUGAGCUU
569 AAGCUCACUGAGCUGGGUC [636-654] 111 354 UGGGUGUCAUGAUGAUGCA 570
UGCAUCAUCAUGACACCCA Rh [924-942] 112 355 CCAAGGGUGUGGUGGAGGU 571
ACCUCCACCACACCCUUGG Rh, D [1149-1167] 113 356 AGGUCACCAAGGACGUGGA
572 UCCACGUCCUUGGUGACCU Rh, D [789-807] 114 357 CCCUGGCCGCCGAGGUGAA
573 UUCACCUCGGCGGCCAGGG [276-294] 115 358 AGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUU 574
AAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCU Rh, D [699-717] 116 359 CCUGGCACUGCGGAGAAGU 575
ACUUCUCCGCAGUGCCAGG [317-335] 117 360 GAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUU 576
AACAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUC Rh, Rt, M [1117-1135] 118 361
CCCACAAGCUCUCCAGCCU 577 AGGCUGGAGAGCUUGUGGG Rh, D, P [1011-1029]
119 362 CUCUUCUGACACUAAAACA 578 UGUUUUAGUGUCAGAAGAG [1852-1870]
120 363 ACGAGAAGGAAAAGCUGCA 579 UGCAGCUUUUCCUUCUCGU Rh [972-990]
121 364 UGAAAAGCUGCUAACCAAA 580 UUUGGUUAGCAGCUUUUCA [1072-1090] 122
365 UCUCACCUGUGAGACCAAA 581 UUUGGUCUCACAGGUGAGA Rh [1809-1827] 123
366 CAUGAUGAUGCACCGGACA 582 UGUCCGGUGCAUCAUCAUG Rh [931-949] 124
367 GGAUUGAGAAGGAGCUCCC 583 GGGAGCUCCUUCUCAAUCC [1976-1994] 125 368
CCUUCAUCUUCCUAGUGCG 584 CGCACUAGGAAGAUGAAGG [1389-1407] 126 369
GGCCUGGCCUUCAGCUUGU 585 ACAAGCUGAAGGCCAGGCC [374-392] 127 370
GGUCAGCCAGCCCUCUUCU 586 AGAAGAGGGCUGGCUGACC Rh [1840-1858] 128 371
UUCUCACCUGUGAGACCAA 587 UUGGUCUCACAGGUGAGAA Rh [1808-1826] 129 372
CGCAGCAGCUCCUGGCACU 588 AGUGCCAGGAGCUGCUGCG [307-325] 130 373
GCCAUGUUCUUCAAGCCAC 589 GUGGCUUGAAGAACAUGGC Rh, Rb, D [836-854] 131
374 AGGCAGUGCUGAGCGCCGA 590 UCGGCGCUCAGCACUGCCU [510-528] 132 375
CACCUGUGAGACCAAAUUG 591 CAAUUUGGUCUCACAGGUG Rh [1812-1830] 133 376
CACCGGACAGGCCUCUACA 592 UGUAGAGGCCUGUCCGGUG Rh, Rb, Rt, P [941-959]
134 377 AGCUAGAAUUCACUCCACU 593 AGUGGAGUGAAUUCUAGCU Rh [1649-1667]
135 378 AGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGU 594 ACAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCU Rh, Rt, M
[1116-1134] 136 379 CCCUGCUAGUCAACGCCAU 595 AUGGCGUUGACUAGCAGGG Rh
[822-840] 137 380 ACAACUACUACGACGACGA 596 UCGUCGUCGUAGUAGUUGU Rb
[957-975] 138 381 GCUCCUGAGACACAUGGGU 597 ACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGAGC D
[1527-1545] 139 382 UGGAGAACAUCCUGGUGUC 598 GACACCAGGAUGUUCUCCA Rh
[420-438] 140 383 AGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAUCA 599 UGAUGGACUGCAGCGCGCU Rh,
Rt [731-749] 141 384 CGCCUUGAAAAGCUGCUAA 600 UUAGCAGCUUUUCAAGGCG
[1067-1085] 142 385 GCCUUUGUUGCUAUCAAUC 601 GAUUGAUAGCAACAAAGGC Rh
[2118-2136] 143 386 CUCUACAACUACUACGACG 602 CGUCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAG Rb
[953-971] 144 387 CGCUCACUCAGCAACUCCA 603 UGGAGUUGCUGAGUGAGCG Rh
[575-593] 145 388 GGUACCAGCCUUGGAUACU 604 AGUAUCCAAGGCUGGUACC Rh
[1571-1589] 146 389 GCCUGACUGAGGCCAUUGA 605 UCAAUGGCCUCAGUCAGGC Rh
[1203-1221] 147 390 UGAGCUUCGCUGAUGACUU 606 AAGUCAUCAGCGAAGCUCA Rh
[648-666] 148 391 CCAGCCUUGGAUACUCCAU 607 AUGGAGUAUCCAAGGCUGG Rh
[1575-1593] 149 392 AAAGGCUCCUGAGACACAU 608 AUGUGUCUCAGGAGCCUUU
[1523-1541] 150 393 UGACCCAUGACCUGCAGAA 609 UUCUGCAGGUCAUGGGUCA Rh,
Rt, M [1167-1185] 151 394 CCUGUGAGACCAAAUUGAG 610
CUCAAUUUGGUCUCACAGG Rh [1814-1832] 152 395 GCGGACCUUCCCAGCUAGA 611
UCUAGCUGGGAAGGUCCGC Rh [1637-1655] 153 396 GGAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGC 612
GCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUCC Rh, Rb, Rt [1113-1131] 154 397
UGCCCAAGGGUGUGGUGGA 613 UCCACCACACCCUUGGGCA Rh, D [1146-1164] 155
398 GGAGCCUCUCGAGCGCCUU 614 AAGGCGCUCGAGAGGCUCC [1054-1072] 156 399
GACUCUGGUCAAGAAGCAU 615 AUGCUUCUUGACCAGAGUC Rh [2013-2031] 157 400
CAGGCAGUGGAGAACAUCC 616 GGAUGUUCUCCACUGCCUG Rh [413-431] 158 401
CAAGCCUGCCUCAAUCAGU 617 ACUGAUUGAGGCAGGCUUG Rh [1766-1784] 159 402
CUGGAAGCUGGGCAGCCGA 618 UCGGCUGCCCAGCUUCCAG [610-628] 160 403
GAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUC 619 GAUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUC Rt [1123-1141] 161 404
GGGCGAGCUGCUGCGCUCA 620 UGAGCGCAGCAGCUCGCCC Rh [562-580] 162 405
AAGCCACACUGGGAUGAGA 621 UCUCAUCCCAGUGUGGCUU Rh, Rb, M [848-866] 163
406 GUGUGGUGGAGGUGACCCA 622 UGGGUCACCUCCACCACAC Rh, D [1155-1173]
164 407 CCGCCUUUGAGUUGGACAC 623 GUGUCCAACUCAAAGGCGG Rh [1293-1311]
165 408 GGCCAUUGACAAGAACAAG 624 CUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGGCC Rh, D
[1213-1231] 166 409 UGCCUCAAUCAGUAUUCAU 625 AUGAAUACUGAUUGAGGCA
[1772-1790] 167 410 CCUUCCCAGCUAGAAUUCA 626 UGAAUUCUAGCUGGGAAGG Rh
[1642-1660] 168 411 GGGACCUGGGCCAUAGUCA 627 UGACUAUGGCCCAGGUCCC
[1721-1739] 169 412 CGAGGUGAAGAAACCUGCA 628 UGCAGGUUUCUUCACCUCG Rh
[286-304] 170 413 GCCUUUGAGUUGGACACAG 629 CUGUGUCCAACUCAAAGGC Rh
[1295-1313] 171 414 AGCGGACCUUCCCAGCUAG 630 CUAGCUGGGAAGGUCCGCU Rh
[1636-1654] 172 415 CGCAUGUCAGGCAAGAAGG 631 CCUUCUUGCCUGACAUGCG Rh,
D [1244-1262] 173 416 ACAACUGCGAGCACUCCAA 632 UUGGAGUGCUCGCAGUUGU
Rh, D [690-708] 174 417 GAGGCGGAUUGAGAAGGAG 633 CUCCUUCUCAAUCCGCCUC
[1971-1989] 175 418 GGCCGCCGAGGUGAAGAAA 634 UUUCUUCACCUCGGCGGCC
[280-298] 176 419 CAGCUCUAUCCCAACCUCU 635 AGAGGUUGGGAUAGAGCUG
[1886-1904] 177 420 AGCUGGGCAGCCGACUGUA 636 UACAGUCGGCUGCCCAGCU
[615-633] 178 421 GCCAUUGACAAGAACAAGG 637 CCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGGC Rh, D
[1214-1232] 179 422 CGCCAUGUUCUUCAAGCCA 638 UGGCUUGAAGAACAUGGCG Rh,
Rb, P [835-853] 180 423 CCGAGGUCACCAAGGACGU 639 ACGUCCUUGGUGACCUCGG
Rh, D [786-804] 181 424 GGACCCAGCUCAGUGAGCU 640 AGCUCACUGAGCUGGGUCC
[635-653] 182 425 CCAAUGACAUUUUGUUGGA 641 UCCAACAAAAUGUCAUUGG
[2178-2196] 183 426 AGUGAGGCGGAUUGAGAAG 642 CUUCUCAAUCCGCCUCACU
[1968-1986] 184 427 UGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGUG 643 CACUCGUUGAUGGACUGCA Rh,
Rt, M [738-756] 185 428 UGUCACGCAUGUCAGGCAA 644 UUGCCUGACAUGCGUGACA
Rh, D [1239-1257] 186 429 CGACGACGAGAAGGAAAAG 645
CUUUUCCUUCUCGUCGUCG [967-985] 187 430 ACAAGAACAAGGCCGACUU 646
AAGUCGGCCUUGUUCUUGU Rh [1221-1239] 188 431 CUUCAAGCCACACUGGGAU 647
AUCCCAGUGUGGCUUGAAG Rh, Rb, D [844-862] 189 432 CCUGGGCCAUAGUCAUUCU
648 AGAAUGACUAUGGCCCAGG [1725-1743] 190 433 UUUGUUGGAGCGUGGAAAA 649
UUUUCCACGCUCCAACAAA [2188-2206] 191 434 AGAACAUCCUGGUGUCACC 650
GGUGACACCAGGAUGUUCU [423-441] 192 435 ACGCCACCGCCUUUGAGUU 651
AACUCAAAGGCGGUGGCGU Rh [1287-1305] 193 436 GUGAGGUACCAGCCUUGGA 652
UCCAAGGCUGGUACCUCAC Rh [1567-1585] 194 437 GCGCCUUCUGCCUCCUGGA 653
UCCAGGAGGCAGAAGGCGC [252-270] 195 438 GCCUGGCCUUCAGCUUGUA 654
UACAAGCUGAAGGCCAGGC [375-393] 196 439 CCCGGAAACUCCACAUCCU 655
AGGAUGUGGAGUUUCCGGG [1700-1718] 197 440 UCUUCAAGCCACACUGGGA 656
UCCCAGUGUGGCUUGAAGA Rh, Rb, D [843-861] 198 441 UGUUGCUAUCAAUCCAAGA
657 UCUUGGAUUGAUAGCAACA Rh [2123-2141] 199 442 GAGUGGGCCGCGCAGACCA
658 UGGUCUGCGCGGCCCACUC [752-770] 200 443 CCUGAGACACAUGGGUGCU 659
AGCACCCAUGUGUCUCAGG D, Rt, M [1530-1548] 201 444
AGCCGACUGUACGGACCCA 660 UGGGUCCGUACAGUCGGCU [623-641] 202 445
GGGCCUCAGGGUGCACACA 661 UGUGUGCACCCUGAGGCCC [1486-1504] 203 446
ACUGGGAUGAGAAAUUCCA 662 UGGAAUUUCUCAUCCCAGU Rh [855-873] 204 447
AGAAUGACCUGGCCGCAGU 663 ACUGCGGCCAGGUCAUUCU [1952-1970] 205 448
CAUAUUUAUAGCCAGGUAC 664 GUACCUGGCUAUAAAUAUG Rh [1788-1806] 206 449
AGGUGACCCAUGACCUGCA 665 UGCAGGUCAUGGGUCACCU Rh, Rt, M [1164-1182]
207 450 GCGCUGCAGUCCAUCAACG 666 CGUUGAUGGACUGCAGCGC Rh, Rt
[734-752] 208 451 GGUGACAAGAUGCGAGACG 667 CGUCUCGCAUCUUGUCACC Rh
[1460-1478] 209 452 CUUCAAAGAUAGGGAGGGA 668 UCCCUCCCUAUCUUUGAAG
[2086-2104] 210 453 AGCUGCAAAUCGUGGAGAU 669 AUCUCCACGAUUUGCAGCU Rh
[984-1002] 211 454 GUGGAGAACAUCCUGGUGU 670 ACACCAGGAUGUUCUCCAC Rh
[419-437] 212 455 GAACAAGGCCGACUUGUCA 671 UGACAAGUCGGCCUUGUUC Rh
[1225-1243] 213 456 CAUGAUGCUGAGCCCGGAA 672 UUCCGGGCUCAGCAUCAUG
[1688-1706] 214 457 GCGCCUUGAAAAGCUGCUA 673 UAGCAGCUUUUCAAGGCGC Rh
[1066-1084] 215 458 GCAGACUCUGGUCAAGAAG 674 CUUCUUGACCAGAGUCUGC Rh
[2010-2028] 216 459 CCAGGCAGUGGAGAACAUC 675 GAUGUUCUCCACUGCCUGG Rh
[412-430]
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE C Cross-Species 19-mer SERPINH1 siRNAs No. SEQ
ID SEN Sense siRNA SEQ ID AS AntiSense siRNA Other Species human- 1
676 CACUACAACUGCGAGCACU 973 AGUGCUCGCAGUUGUAGUG Rh, D [686-704] 2
677 AACCGUGGCUUCAUGGUGA 974 UCACCAUGAAGCCACGGUU Rh, Rt, M [890-908]
3 678 GGCAAGAAGGACCUGUACC 975 GGUACAGGUCCUUCUUGCC Rh, D, M [1253- 4
679 GGUGGACAACCGUGGCUUC 976 GAAGCCACGGUUGUCCACC Rh, M [883-901] 5
680 AGGCCAUGGCCAAGGACCA 977 UGGUCCUUGGCCAUGGCCU Rh, D [396-414] 6
681 CGCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCA 978 UGGACUGCAGCGCGCUGCG Rh, Rt [728-746] 7
682 AGCAGCAAGCAGCACUACA 979 UGUAGUGCUGCUUGCUGCU Rh, D [674-692] 8
683 GGCCUCUACAACUACUACG 980 CGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCC Rb, D [950-968] 9
684 GAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCU 981 AGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUC Rh, Rb, Rt [1114-
10 685 GGCUCCUGAGACACAUGGG 982 CCCAUGUGUCUCAGGAGCC D [1526- 11 686
AGCAAGCAGCACUACAACU 983 AGUUGUAGUGCUGCUUGCU Rh, D [677-695] 12 687
GGAGGUGACCCAUGACCUG 984 CAGGUCAUGGGUCACCUCC Rh, Rt, M [1162- 13 688
CCCUUUGACCAGGACAUCU 985 AGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAGGG Rh, Rt [1322- 14 689
CUCCUGAGACACAUGGGUG 986 CACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGAG D [1528- 15 690
AAGGCUCCUGAGACACAUG 987 CAUGUGUCUCAGGAGCCUU D [1524- 16 691
CGCGCUGCAGUCCAUCAAC 988 GUUGAUGGACUGCAGCGCG Rh, Rt [733-751] 17 692
AGGGUGUGGUGGAGGUGAC 989 GUCACCUCCACCACACCCU Rh, D [1152- 18 693
AGCACUACAACUGCGAGCA 990 UGCUCGCAGUUGUAGUGCU Rh, D [684-702] 19 694
GGCUCCCUGCUAUUCAUUG 991 CAAUGAAUAGCAGGGAGCC D [1421- 20 695
GCGCGCAACGUGACCUGGA 992 UCCAGGUCACGUUGCGCGC M [596-614] 21 696
GCUGCAGUCCAUCAACGAG 993 CUCGUUGAUGGACUGCAGC Rh, Rt [736-754] 22 697
ACCAAAGAGCAGCUGAAGA 994 UCUUCAGCUGCUCUUUGGU Rh, Rb, P [1085- 23 698
CCAAGGACGUGGAGCGCAC 995 GUGCGCUCCACGUCCUUGG Rh, D [795-813] 24 699
UGUUCUUCAAGCCACACUG 996 CAGUGUGGCUUGAAGAACA Rh, Rb, D [840-858] 25
700 GCCCAAGGGUGUGGUGGAG 997 CUCCACCACACCCUUGGGC Rh, D [1147- 26 701
ACAGGCCUCUACAACUACU 998 AGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGU Rh, Rb, D, Rt, P
[947-965] 27 702 UGCGCAGCAGCAAGCAGCA 999 UGCUGCUUGCUGCUGCGCA Rh, D
[669-687] 28 703 GGUGGAGGUGACCCAUGAC 1000 GUCAUGGGUCACCUCCACC Rh,
Rt, M [1159- 29 704 CUUUGACCAGGACAUCUAC 1001 GUAGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAG
Rh, Rt [1324- 30 705 AAGGGUGUGGUGGAGGUGA 1002 UCACCUCCACCACACCCUU
Rh, D [1151- 31 706 UCCUAUACCGUGGGUGUCA 1003 UGACACCCACGGUAUAGGA
Rh, D, P [914-932] 32 707 GCGCAGACCACCGACGGCA 1004
UGCCGUCGGUGGUCUGCGC D [761-779] 33 708 CGCAGCAGCAAGCAGCACU 1005
AGUGCUGCUUGCUGCUGCG Rh, D [671-689] 34 709 GCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUGCC 1006
GGCAUGAGGAUGAUGAGGC Rh, D, Rt, M [1026- 35 710 UCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUCCU
1007 AGGAUGAUGAGGCUGGAGA Rh, D, Rt, M [1020- 36 711
CCAUUGACAAGAACAAGGC 1008 GCCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGG Rh, D [1215- 37 712
AGCAGCACUACAACUGCGA 1009 UCGCAGUUGUAGUGCUGCU Rh, D [681-699] 38 713
UGCACCGGACAGGCCUCUA 1010 UAGAGGCCUGUCCGGUGCA Rh, Rb, Rt, P
[939-957] 39 714 ACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCG 1011 CGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGU Rh,
D, Rt, M [702-720] 40 715 UGGACAACCGUGGCUUCAU 1012
AUGAAGCCACGGUUGUCCA Rh, M [885-903] 41 716 GAGCAGCUGAAGAUCUGGA 1013
UCCAGAUCUUCAGCUGCUC Rh, D [1091- 42 717 CAGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCA 1014
UGGCAACAGCCUUCUUCUG Rt [1121- 43 718 AGGCAAGAAGGACCUGUAC 1015
GUACAGGUCCUUCUUGCCU Rh, D [1252- 44 719 CCUCUACAACUACUACGAC 1016
GUCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGG Rb, D [952-970] 45 720 AGCAGCUGAAGAUCUGGAU 1017
AUCCAGAUCUUCAGCUGCU Rh, D [1092- 46 721 AACUACUACGACGACGAGA 1018
UCUCGUCGUCGUAGUAGUU Rb [959-977] 47 722 GGCAAGCUGCCCGAGGUCA 1019
UGACCUCGGGCAGCUUGCC Rh, D [776-794] 48 723 CCGGACAGGCCUCUACAAC 1020
GUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCGG Rh, Rb, Rt, P [943-961] 49 724
GCUCCCUGCUAUUCAUUGG 1021 CCAAUGAAUAGCAGGGAGC D [1422- 50 725
AACUGCGAGCACUCCAAGA 1022 UCUUGGAGUGCUCGCAGUU Rh, D [692-710] 51 726
GACACAUGGGUGCUAUUGG 1023 CCAAUAGCACCCAUGUGUC Rh, Rt, M [1535- 52
727 GCACCGGACAGGCCUCUAC 1024 GUAGAGGCCUGUCCGGUGC Rh, Rb, Rt, P
[940-958] 53 728 AGCGCAGCGCGCUGCAGUC 1025 GACUGCAGCGCGCUGCGCU Rh,
Rt [726-744] 54 729 GGACGUGGAGCGCACGGAC 1026 GUCCGUGCGCUCCACGUCC
Rh, D [799-817] 55 730 CAGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUG 1027 CAUGAGGAUGAUGAGGCUG
Rh, D, Rt, M [1024- 56 731 AAGAUCAACUUCCGCGACA 1028
UGUCGCGGAAGUUGAUCUU D [707-725] 57 732 GCGCAACGUGACCUGGAAG 1029
CUUCCAGGUCACGUUGCGC M [598-616] 58 733 ACUGCGAGCACUCCAAGAU 1030
AUCUUGGAGUGCUCGCAGU Rh, D [693-711] 59 734 GUGGACAACCGUGGCUUCA 1031
UGAAGCCACGGUUGUCCAC Rh, M [884-902] 60 735 CCACAAGCUCUCCAGCCUC 1032
GAGGCUGGAGAGCUUGUGG Rh, D, P [1012- 61 736 CAAGAUGGUGGACAACCGU 1033
ACGGUUGUCCACCAUCUUG Rh, Rb, M, P [877-895] 62 737
CGAGCACUCCAAGAUCAAC 1034 GUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCUCG Rh, D [697-715] 63 738
AGCUGCCCGAGGUCACCAA 1035 UUGGUGACCUCGGGCAGCU Rh, D [780-798] 64 739
GGACAUCUACGGGCGCGAG 1036 CUCGCGCCCGUAGAUGUCC D [1333- 65 740
AGGACAUCUACGGGCGCGA 1037 UCGCGCCCGUAGAUGUCCU D [1332- 66 741
UGUCAGGCAAGAAGGACCU 1038 AGGUCCUUCUUGCCUGACA Rh, D [1248- 67 742
GGGUGUGGUGGAGGUGACC 1039 GGUCACCUCCACCACACCC Rh, D [1153- 68 743
CAAGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUC 1040 GAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCUUG Rh, D, M, P [1015- 69
744 GUGACCCAUGACCUGCAGA 1041 UCUGCAGGUCAUGGGUCAC Rh, Rt, M [1166-
70 745 GUUCUUCAAGCCACACUGG 1042 CCAGUGUGGCUUGAAGAAC Rh, Rb, D
[841-859] 71 746 ACAUCUACGGGCGCGAGGA 1043 UCCUCGCGCCCGUAGAUGU D, M
[1335- 72 747 UGGAGGUGACCCAUGACCU 1044 AGGUCAUGGGUCACCUCCA Rh, Rt,
M [1161- 73 748 UGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUGC 1045 GCAACAGCCUUCUUCUGCA Rt
[1119- 74 749 UGUACCAGGCCAUGGCCAA 1046 UUGGCCAUGGCCUGGUACA Rh, D
[390-408] 75 750 UGUGGUGGAGGUGACCCAU 1047 AUGGGUCACCUCCACCACA Rh, D
[1156- 76 751 AGAAGGACCUGUACCUGGC 1048 GCCAGGUACAGGUCCUUCU Rh, D
[1257- 77 752 AGCAGCUGCGCGACGAGGA 1049 UCCUCGUCGCGCAGCUGCU Rh, D
[528-546] 78 753 ACGCCAUGUUCUUCAAGCC 1050 GGCUUGAAGAACAUGGCGU Rh,
Rb, P [834-852] 79 754 ACAAGAUGGUGGACAACCG 1051 CGGUUGUCCACCAUCUUGU
Rh, Rb, M, P [876-894] 80 755 CUGCGAGCACUCCAAGAUC 1052
GAUCUUGGAGUGCUCGCAG Rh, D [694-712] 81 756 GUCACGCAUGUCAGGCAAG 1053
CUUGCCUGACAUGCGUGAC Rh, D [1240- 82 757 ACGCAUGUCAGGCAAGAAG 1054
CUUCUUGCCUGACAUGCGU Rh, D [1243- 83 758 UGCUAUUCAUUGGGCGCCU 1055
AGGCGCCCAAUGAAUAGCA D [1428- 84 759 UGCGCGACGAGGAGGUGCA 1056
UGCACCUCCUCGUCGCGCA Rh, D [534-552] 85 760 GCAGCUGAAGAUCUGGAUG 1057
CAUCCAGAUCUUCAGCUGC Rh, D [1093- 86 761 CCAUGACCUGCAGAAACAC 1058
GUGUUUCUGCAGGUCAUGG Rh, Rt, M [1171- 87 762 AAGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCA
1059 UGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCUU Rh, D, Rt, M, P [1016- 88 763
CAGCAAGCAGCACUACAAC 1060 GUUGUAGUGCUGCUUGCUG Rh, D [676-694] 89 764
AUGUUCUUCAAGCCACACU 1061 AGUGUGGCUUGAAGAACAU Rh, Rb, D [839-857] 90
765 UCCUGAGACACAUGGGUGC 1062 GCACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGA D, Rt, M [1529- 91
766 CACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCC 1063 GGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUG Rh, D, Rt, M
[701-719] 92 767 AAGGGUGACAAGAUGCGAG 1064 CUCGCAUCUUGUCACCCUU Rh, D
[1457- 93 768 GACAGGCCUCUACAACUAC 1065 GUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUC Rh, Rb,
Rt, P [946-964] 94 769 ACCCAUGACCUGCAGAAAC 1066 GUUUCUGCAGGUCAUGGGU
Rh, Rt, M [1169- 95 770 CACCACAAGAUGGUGGACA 1067
UGUCCACCAUCUUGUGGUG Rh, Rb, M, P [872-890] 96 771
GCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCC 1068 GGCAACAGCCUUCUUCUGC Rt [1120- 97 772
GUGGUGGAGGUGACCCAUG 1069 CAUGGGUCACCUCCACCAC Rh, Rb, Rt, M [1157-
98 773 AGGCCUCUACAACUACUAC 1070 GUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCU Rh, Rb, D, Rt,
P [949-967] 99 774 GGUGACCCAUGACCUGCAG 1071 CUGCAGGUCAUGGGUCACC Rh,
Rt, M [1165- 100 775 GCCGAGGUGAAGAAACCUG 1072 CAGGUUUCUUCACCUCGGC
Rh, Rt [284-302] 101 776 CAACUACUACGACGACGAG 1073
CUCGUCGUCGUAGUAGUUG Rb [958-976] 102 777 CAAGAAGGACCUGUACCUG 1074
CAGGUACAGGUCCUUCUUG Rh, D, M [1255- 103 778 UGUUCCACGCCACCGCCUU
1075 AAGGCGGUGGCGUGGAACA D [1281- 104 779 CCCUGCUAUUCAUUGGGCG 1076
CGCCCAAUGAAUAGCAGGG D [1425- 105 780 CCGUGGCUUCAUGGUGACU 1077
AGUCACCAUGAAGCCACGG Rh, Rt, M [892-910] 106 781 CUACAACUACUACGACGAC
1078 GUCGUCGUAGUAGUUGUAG Rb [955-973] 107 782 GCAGCACUACAACUGCGAG
1079 CUCGCAGUUGUAGUGCUGC Rh, D [682-700] 108 783
UGGUGGACAACCGUGGCUU 1080 AAGCCACGGUUGUCCACCA Rh, M [882-900] 109
784 AGACCACCGACGGCAAGCU 1081 AGCUUGCCGUCGGUGGUCU D, Rt [765-783]
110 785 AGAAACACCUGGCUGGGCU 1082 AGCCCAGCCAGGUGUUUCU D [1182- 111
786 ACCAAGGACGUGGAGCGCA 1083 UGCGCUCCACGUCCUUGGU Rh, D [794-812]
112 787 CCGAGGUGAAGAAACCUGC 1084 GCAGGUUUCUUCACCUCGG Rh, Rt
[285-303] 113 788 ACUACAACUGCGAGCACUC 1085 GAGUGCUCGCAGUUGUAGU Rh,
D [687-705] 114 789 ACAAGCUCUCCAGCCUCAU 1086 AUGAGGCUGGAGAGCUUGU
Rh, D, M, P [1014-
115 790 AGGACGUGGAGCGCACGGA 1087 UCCGUGCGCUCCACGUCCU Rh, D
[798-816] 116 791 GCUAUUCAUUGGGCGCCUG 1088 CAGGCGCCCAAUGAAUAGC D
[1429- 117 792 AACUUCCGCGACAAGCGCA 1089 UGCGCUUGUCGCGGAAGUU D
[713-731] 118 793 GCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUC 1090 GAUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGC Rh,
D, Rt, M, P [1018- 119 794 AGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUC 1091
GAGAUGGCAACAGCCUUCU Rt [1125- 120 795 GGUCACCAAGGACGUGGAG 1092
CUCCACGUCCUUGGUGACC Rh, D [790-808] 121 796 AGCUGCGCGACGAGGAGGU
1093 ACCUCCUCGUCGCGCAGCU Rh, D [531-549] 122 797
CCCGAGGUCACCAAGGACG 1094 CGUCCUUGGUGACCUCGGG Rh, D [785-803] 123
798 AUGUCAGGCAAGAAGGACC 1095 GGUCCUUCUUGCCUGACAU Rh, D [1247- 124
799 CGAGGUCACCAAGGACGUG 1096 CACGUCCUUGGUGACCUCG Rh, D [787-805]
125 800 GAUGCACCGGACAGGCCUC 1097 GAGGCCUGUCCGGUGCAUC Rh, Rb, Rt, M,
P [937-955] 126 801 GCACUACAACUGCGAGCAC 1098 GUGCUCGCAGUUGUAGUGC
Rh, D [685-703] 127 802 CCACAAGAUGGUGGACAAC 1099
GUUGUCCACCAUCUUGUGG Rh, Rb, M, P [874-892] 128 803
CAAGGGUGUGGUGGAGGUG 1100 CACCUCCACCACACCCUUG Rh, D [1150- 129 804
AGCUGAAGAUCUGGAUGGG 1101 CCCAUCCAGAUCUUCAGCU Rh, D [1095- 130 805
ACCAGGCCAUGGCCAAGGA 1102 UCCUUGGCCAUGGCCUGGU Rh, D [393-411] 131
806 CAUGUUCUUCAAGCCACAC 1103 GUGUGGCUUGAAGAACAUG Rh, Rb, D
[838-856] 132 807 CAAGAUCAACUUCCGCGAC 1104 GUCGCGGAAGUUGAUCUUG D
[706-724] 133 808 UCCAGCCUCAUCAUCCUCA 1105 UGAGGAUGAUGAGGCUGGA Rh,
D, Rt, M [1022- 134 809 GCCCGAGGUCACCAAGGAC 1106
GUCCUUGGUGACCUCGGGC Rh, D [784-802] 135 810 UCAAGCCACACUGGGAUGA
1107 UCAUCCCAGUGUGGCUUGA Rh, Rb [846-864] 136 811
AGUCCAUCAACGAGUGGGC 1108 GCCCACUCGUUGAUGGACU Rh, Rt, M [741-759]
137 812 GACUUCGUGCGCAGCAGCA 1109 UGCUGCUGCGCACGAAGUC Rh, D, M
[662-680] 138 813 CUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUCC 1110 GGAUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAG Rh,
D, Rt, M, P [1019- 139 814 GCAGACCACCGACGGCAAG 1111
CUUGCCGUCGGUGGUCUGC D, Rt [763-781] 140 815 AUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUG
1112 CAACAGCCUUCUUCUGCAU Rt [1118- 141 816 CAACCGUGGCUUCAUGGUG 1113
CACCAUGAAGCCACGGUUG Rh, Rt, M [889-907] 142 817 UACUACGACGACGAGAAGG
1114 CCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAGUA Rb [962-980] 143 818 GAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUCC
1115 GGAGAUGGCAACAGCCUUC Rt [1126- 144 819 UCACCAAGGACGUGGAGCG 1116
CGCUCCACGUCCUUGGUGA Rh, D [792-810] 145 820 CAGCUGAAGAUCUGGAUGG
1117 CCAUCCAGAUCUUCAGCUG Rh, D [1094- 146 821 UGGGCCUGACUGAGGCCAU
1118 AUGGCCUCAGUCAGGCCCA Rt [1200- 147 822 ACCGUGGCUUCAUGGUGAC 1119
GUCACCAUGAAGCCACGGU Rh, Rt, M [891-909] 148 823 CAGUCCAUCAACGAGUGGG
1120 CCCACUCGUUGAUGGACUG Rh, Rt, M [740-758] 149 824
CCGACGGCAAGCUGCCCGA 1121 UCGGGCAGCUUGCCGUCGG D [771-789] 150 825
ACAAGCGCAGCGCGCUGCA 1122 UGCAGCGCGCUGCGCUUGU Rh, Rt [723-741] 151
826 GAAACACCUGGCUGGGCUG 1123 CAGCCCAGCCAGGUGUUUC D [1183- 152 827
AGGCUCCUGAGACACAUGG 1124 CCAUGUGUCUCAGGAGCCU D [1525- 153 828
CAAGGACGUGGAGCGCACG 1125 CGUGCGCUCCACGUCCUUG Rh, D [796-814] 154
829 GCAGUCCAUCAACGAGUGG 1126 CCACUCGUUGAUGGACUGC Rh, Rt, M
[739-757] 155 830 AGAUGGUGGACAACCGUGG 1127 CCACGGUUGUCCACCAUCU Rh,
M [879-897] 156 831 AAGCGCAGCGCGCUGCAGU 1128 ACUGCAGCGCGCUGCGCUU
Rh, Rt [725-743] 157 832 CAUGUCAGGCAAGAAGGAC 1129
GUCCUUCUUGCCUGACAUG Rh, D [1246- 158 833 CAAGCCACACUGGGAUGAG 1130
CUCAUCCCAGUGUGGCUUG Rh, Rb [847-865] 159 834 AAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUG
1131 CAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUU Rh, Rt, M [1115- 160 835
GGCCAUGGCCAAGGACCAG 1132 CUGGUCCUUGGCCAUGGCC Rh, D [397-415] 161
836 GUGCGCAGCAGCAAGCAGC 1133 GCUGCUUGCUGCUGCGCAC Rh, D [668-686]
162 837 CAACUGCGAGCACUCCAAG 1134 CUUGGAGUGCUCGCAGUUG Rh, D
[691-709] 163 838 UACAACUGCGAGCACUCCA 1135 UGGAGUGCUCGCAGUUGUA Rh,
D [689-707] 164 839 CAUUGACAAGAACAAGGCC 1136 GGCCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUG
Rh, D [1216- 165 840 CAAGCAGCACUACAACUGC 1137 GCAGUUGUAGUGCUGCUUG
Rh, D [679-697] 166 841 GUGUUCCACGCCACCGCCU 1138
AGGCGGUGGCGUGGAACAC D [1280- 167 842 CCUGCUAUUCAUUGGGCGC 1139
GCGCCCAAUGAAUAGCAGG D [1426- 168 843 GCCCACAAGCUCUCCAGCC 1140
GGCUGGAGAGCUUGUGGGC Rh, D, P [1010- 169 844 CAGCAGCAAGCAGCACUAC
1141 GUAGUGCUGCUUGCUGCUG Rh, D [673-691] 170 845
UGAUGCACCGGACAGGCCU 1142 AGGCCUGUCCGGUGCAUCA Rh, Rb, Rt, M, P
[936-954] 171 846 UCAACUUCCGCGACAAGCG 1143 CGCUUGUCGCGGAAGUUGA D
[711-729] 172 847 UCAGGCAAGAAGGACCUGU 1144 ACAGGUCCUUCUUGCCUGA Rh,
D [1250- 173 848 ACUUCGUGCGCAGCAGCAA 1145 UUGCUGCUGCGCACGAAGU Rh,
D, M [663-681] 174 849 ACAACCGUGGCUUCAUGGU 1146 ACCAUGAAGCCACGGUUGU
Rh, Rt, M [888-906] 175 850 AAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUCCU 1147
AGGAGAUGGCAACAGCCUU D, Rt [1127- 176 851 GCAGCUGCGCGAGGAGGAG 1148
CUCCUCGUCGCGCAGCUGC Rh, D [529-547] 177 852 UAUUCAUUGGGCGCCUGGU
1149 ACCAGGCGCCCAAUGAAUA D [1431- 178 853 UCCACCACAAGAUGGUGGA 1150
UCCACCAUCUUGUGGUGGA Rh, Rb, D, P [870-888] 179 854
CCCUGGCCCACAAGCUCUC 1151 GAGAGCUUGUGGGCCAGGG Rh, D, P [1005- 180
855 ACCAGGACAUCUACGGGCG 1152 CGCCCGUAGAUGUCCUGGU D, Rt [1329- 181
856 GAUGAUGCACCGGACAGGC 1153 GCCUGUCCGGUGCAUCAUC Rh, Rb, Rt, M
[934-952] 182 857 CAACGCCAUGUUCUUCAAG 1154 CUUGAAGAACAUGGCGUUG Rh,
Rb, P [832-850] 183 858 ACGGCAAGCUGCCCGAGGU 1155
ACCUCGGGCAGCUUGCCGU Rh, D [774-792] 184 859 CAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAUC
1156 GAUGGACUGCAGCGCGCUG Rh, Rt [730-748] 185 860
CCCAAGGGUGUGGUGGAGG 1157 CCUCCACCACACCCUUGGG Rh, D [1148- 186 861
CAUGGCCAAGGACCAGGCA 1158 UGCCUGGUCCUUGGCCAUG Rh, D [400-418] 187
862 CUCCAGCCUCAUCAUCCUC 1159 GAGGAUGAUGAGGCUGGAG Rh, D, Rt, M
[1021- 188 863 UCUACGGGCGCGAGGAGCU 1160 AGCUCCUCGCGCCCGUAGA D, M
[1338- 189 864 GGCCCACAAGCUCUCCAGC 1161 GCUGGAGAGCUUGUGGGCC Rh, D,
P [1009- 190 865 GUCAGGCAAGAAGGACCUG 1162 CAGGUCCUUCUUGCCUGAC Rh, D
[1249- 191 866 CAUCUACGGGCGCGAGGAG 1163 CUCCUCGCGCCCGUAGAUG D, M
[1336- 192 867 CGUGCGCAGCAGCAAGCAG 1164 CUGCUUGCUGCUGCGCACG Rh, D,
M [667-685] 193 868 AGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUGC 1165 GCAUGAGGAUGAUGAGGCU
Rh, D, Rt, M [1025- 194 869 UUCAAGCCACACUGGGAUG 1166
CAUCCCAGUGUGGCUUGAA Rh, Rb [845-863] 195 870 AAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCU
1167 AGAUGGCAACAGCCUUCUU Rt [1124- 196 871 GGUGUGGUGGAGGUGACCC 1168
GGGUCACCUCCACCACACC Rh, D [1154- 197 872 GAGGUGACCCAUGACCUGC 1169
GCAGGUCAUGGGUCACCUC Rh, Rt, M [1163- 198 873 GUGGAGGUGACCCAUGACC
1170 GGUCAUGGGUCACCUCCAC Rh, Rt, M [1160- 199 874
CACAAGAUGGUGGACAACC 1171 GGUUGUCCACCAUCUUGUG Rh, Rb, M, P [875-893]
200 875 CUGGCCCACAAGCUCUCCA 1172 UGGAGAGCUUGUGGGCCAG Rh, D, P
[1007- 201 876 GAUGACUUCGUGCGCAGCA 1173 UGCUGCGCACGAAGUCAUC Rh, Rt,
M [659-677] 202 877 ACUUCCGCGACAAGCGCAG 1174 CUGCGCUUGUCGCGGAAGU D
[714-732] 203 878 AACGCCAUGUUCUUCAAGC 1175 GCUUGAAGAACAUGGCGUU Rh,
Rb, P [833-851] 204 879 GGACCUGUACCUGGCCAGC 1176
GCUGGCCAGGUACAGGUCC Rh, D [1261- 205 880 GCGACGAGGAGGUGCACGC 1177
GCGUGCACCUCCUCGUCGC D [537-555] 206 881 GCAAGCUGCCCGAGGUCAC 1178
GUGACCUCGGGCAGCUUGC Rh, D [777-795] 207 882 AUUCAUUGGGCGCCUGGUC
1179 GACCAGGCGCCCAAUGAAU D [1432- 208 883 GAGGUCACCAAGGACGUGG 1180
CCACGUCCUUGGUGACCUC Rh, D [788-806] 209 884 AAGAAGGACCUGUACCUGG
1181 CCAGGUACAGGUCCUUCUU Rh, D [1256- 210 885 GACAACCGUGGCUUCAUGG
1182 CCAUGAAGCCACGGUUGUC Rh, Rt, M [887-905] 211 886
CUGGGCCUGACUGAGGCCA 1183 UGGCCUCAGUCAGGCCCAG Rt [1199- 212 887
CUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGC 1184 GCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAG Rh, D, Rt, M [703-721]
213 888 CAACUUCCGCGACAAGCGC 1185 GCGCUUGUCGCGGAAGUUG D [712-730]
214 889 CUCCCUGCUAUUCAUUGGG 1186 CCCAAUGAAUAGCAGGGAG D [1423- 215
890 AAGCAGCACUACAACUGCG 1187 CGCAGUUGUAGUGCUGCUU Rh, D [680-698]
216 891 GCGCAGCAGCAAGCAGCAC 1188 GUGCUGCUUGCUGCUGCGC Rh, D
[670-688] 217 892 CAGGCCAUGGCCAAGGACC 1189 GGUCCUUGGCCAUGGCCUG Rh,
D [395-413] 218 893 GUACCAGGCCAUGGCCAAG 1190 CUUGGCCAUGGCCUGGUAC
Rh, D [391-409] 219 894 CUUCGUGCGCAGCAGCAAG 1191
CUUGCUGCUGCGCACGAAG Rh, D, M [664-682] 220 895 CAGCACUACAACUGCGAGC
1192 GCUCGCAGUUGUAGUGCUG Rh, D [683-701] 221 896
UACAACUACUACGACGACG 1193 CGUCGUCGUAGUAGUUGUA Rb [956-974] 222 897
GAUGGUGGACAACCGUGGC 1194 GCCACGGUUGUCCACCAUC Rh, M [880-898] 223
898 CUACAACUGCGAGCACUCC 1195 GGAGUGCUCGCAGUUGUAG Rh, D [688-706]
224 899 AAGGACCUGUACCUGGCCA 1196 UGGCCAGGUACAGGUCCUU Rh, D [1259-
225 900 GCUGCCCGAGGUCACCAAG 1197 CUUGGUGACCUCGGGCAGC Rh, D
[781-799] 226 901 GACAUCUACGGGCGCGAGG 1198 CCUCGCGCCCGUAGAUGUC D, M
[1334- 227 902 CCACCACAAGAUGGUGGAC 1199 GUCCACCAUCUUGUGGUGG Rh, Rb,
D, P [871-889] 228 903 GCGCGACGAGGAGGUGCAC 1200 GUGCACCUCCUCGUCGCGC
Rh, D [535-553] 229 904 CUAUUCAUUGGGCGCCUGG 1201
CCAGGCGCCCAAUGAAUAG D [1430- 230 905 CCAGGACAUCUACGGGCGC 1202
GCGCCCGUAGAUGUCCUGG D, Rt [1330- 231 906 AAGAUGGUGGACAACCGUG 1203
CACGGUUGUCCACCAUCUU Rh, M [878-896]
232 907 CAGGACAUCUACGGGCGCG 1204 CGCGCCCGUAGAUGUCCUG D [1331- 233
908 UCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGCG 1205 CGCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGA D [704-722] 234
909 GUCACCAAGGACGUGGAGC 1206 GCUCCACGUCCUUGGUGAC Rh, D [791-809]
235 910 CUGCCCGAGGUCACCAAGG 1207 CCUUGGUGACCUCGGGCAG Rh, D
[782-800] 236 911 GACCAGGACAUCUACGGGC 1208 GCCCGUAGAUGUCCUGGUC D,
Rt [1328- 237 912 CCAUGGCCAAGGACCAGGC 1209 GCCUGGUCCUUGGCCAUGG Rh,
D [399-417] 238 913 CACCAAGGACGUGGAGCGC 1210 GCGCUCCACGUCCUUGGUG
Rh, D [793-811] 239 914 GACAAGCGCAGCGCGCUGC 1211
GCAGCGCGCUGCGCUUGUC Rh, Rt [722-740] 240 915 CAAGCGCAGCGCGCUGCAG
1212 CUGCAGCGCGCUGCGCUUG Rh, Rt [724-742] 241 916
CAGACCACCGACGGCAAGC 1213 GCUUGCCGUCGGUGGUCUG D, Rt [764-782] 242
917 GACCACCGACGGCAAGCUG 1214 CAGCUUGCCGUCGGUGGUC D, Rt [766-784]
243 918 AGGACCUGUACCUGGCCAG 1215 CUGGCCAGGUACAGGUCCU Rh, D [1260-
244 919 CUGCUAUUCAUUGGGCGCC 1216 GGCGCCCAAUGAAUAGCAG D [1427- 245
920 UCAUUGGGCGCCUGGUCCG 1217 CGGACCAGGCGCCCAAUGA Rh, D [1434- 246
921 GCUGCGCGACGAGGAGGUG 1218 CACCUCCUCGUCGCGCAGC Rh, D [532-550]
247 922 CGGCAAGCUGCCCGAGGUC 1219 GACCUCGGGCAGCUUGCCG Rh, D
[775-793] 248 923 CCUCAUCAUCCUCAUGCCC 1220 GGGCAUGAGGAUGAUGAGG Rh,
D, Rt, M [1027- 249 924 CCAGGCCAUGGCCAAGGAC 1221
GUCCUUGGCCAUGGCCUGG Rh, D [394-412] 250 925 GCCAUGGCCAAGGACCAGG
1222 CCUGGUCCUUGGCCAUGGC Rh, D [398-416] 251 926
CCACCGACGGCAAGCUGCC 1223 GGCAGCUUGCCGUCGGUGG D, Rt [768-786] 252
927 AUGGUGGACAACCGUGGCU 1224 AGCCACGGUUGUCCACCAU Rh, M [881-899]
253 928 CUUCCGCGACAAGCGCAGC 1225 GCUGCGCUUGUCGCGGAAG D [715-733]
254 929 CGCGACGAGGAGGUGCACG 1226 CGUGCACCUCCUCGUCGCG Rh, D
[536-554] 255 930 UGGCCCACAAGCUCUCCAG 1227 CUGGAGAGCUUGUGGGCCA Rh,
D, P [1008- 256 931 GAGCAGCUGCGCGACGAGG 1228 CCUCGUCGCGCAGCUGCUC
Rh, D [527-545] 257 932 UGACCAGGACAUCUACGGG 1229
CCCGUAGAUGUCCUGGUCA Rt [1327- 258 933 ACCACCGACGGCAAGCUGC 1230
GCAGCUUGCCGUCGGUGGU D, Rt [767-785] 259 934 GAAGGACCUGUACCUGGCC
1231 GGCCAGGUACAGGUCCUUC Rh, D [1258- 260 935 CAUUGGGCGCCUGGUCCGG
1232 CCGGACCAGGCGCCCAAUG Rh, D [1435- 261 936 AUGCACCGGACAGGCCUCU
1233 AGAGGCCUGUCCGGUGCAU Rh, Rb, Rt, P [938-956] 262 937
AUCAACUUCCGCGACAAGC 1234 GCUUGUCGCGGAAGUUGAU D [710-728] 263 938
CAGCUGCGCGACGAGGAGG 1235 CCUCCUCGUCGCGCAGCUG Rh, D [530-548] 264
939 CAGAAACACCUGGCUGGGC 1236 GCCCAGCCAGGUGUUUCUG D [1181- 265 940
CUACGGGCGCGAGGAGCUG 1237 CAGCUCCUCGCGCCCGUAG D, M [1339- 266 941
CGACGAGGAGGUGCACGCC 1238 GGCGUGCACCUCCUCGUCG D [538-556] 267 942
UUUGACCAGGACAUCUACG 1239 CGUAGAUGUCCUGGUCAAA Rt [1325- 268 943
GUCCAUCAACGAGUGGGCC 1240 GGCCCACUCGUUGAUGGAC Rh, Rt, M [742-760]
269 944 AUGACUUCGUGCGCAGCAG 1241 CUGCUGCGCACGAAGUCAU Rh, Rt, M
[660-678] 270 945 UCCCUGCUAUUCAUUGGGC 1242 GCCCAAUGAAUAGCAGGGA D
[1424- 271 946 CUGCGCGACGAGGAGGUGC 1243 GCACCUCCUCGUCGCGCAG Rh, D
[533-551] 272 947 CAAGCUGCCCGAGGUCACC 1244 GGUGACCUCGGGCAGCUUG Rh,
D [778-796] 273 948 AAGCUGCCCGAGGUCACCA 1245 UGGUGACCUCGGGCAGCUU
Rh, D [779-797] 274 949 UUCUUCAAGCCACACUGGG 1246
CCCAGUGUGGCUUGAAGAA Rh, Rb, D [842-860] 275 950 ACACCUGGCUGGGCUGGGC
1247 GCCCAGCCCAGCCAGGUGU D [1186- 276 951 UCCAUCAACGAGUGGGCCG 1248
CGGCCCACUCGUUGAUGGA Rt, M [743-761] 277 952 AUCUACGGGCGCGAGGAGC
1249 GCUCCUCGCGCCCGUAGAU D, M [1337- 278 953 UCGUGCGCAGCAGCAAGCA
1250 UGCUUGCUGCUGCGCACGA Rh, D, M [666-684] 279 954
CGACGGCAAGCUGCCCGAG 1251 CUCGGGCAGCUUGCCGUCG D [772-790] 280 955
UUCAUUGGGCGCCUGGUCC 1252 GGACCAGGCGCCCAAUGAA Rh, D [1433- 281 956
UUGACCAGGACAUCUACGG 1253 CCGUAGAUGUCCUGGUCAA Rt [1326- 282 957
CCUGGCCCACAAGCUCUCC 1254 GGAGAGCUUGUGGGCCAGG Rh, D, P [1006- 283
958 UGACUUCGUGCGCAGCAGC 1255 GCUGCUGCGCACGAAGUCA Rh, Rt, M
[661-679] 284 959 AUGAUGCACCGGACAGGCC 1256 GGCCUGUCCGGUGCAUCAU Rh,
Rb, Rt, M, P [935-953] 285 960 CACCGACGGCAAGCUGCCC 1257
GGGCAGCUUGCCGUCGGUG D, Rt [769-787] 286 961 GACGGCAAGCUGCCCGAGG
1258 CCUCGGGCAGCUUGCCGUC Rh, D [773-791] 287 962
UACCAGGCCAUGGCCAAGG 1259 CCUUGGCCAUGGCCUGGUA Rh, D [392-410] 288
963 UCCGCGACAAGCGCAGCGC 1260 GCGCUGCGCUUGUCGCGGA D [717-735] 289
964 UUCCGCGACAAGCGCAGCG 1261 CGCUGCGCUUGUCGCGGAA D [716-734] 290
965 AAGGACGUGGAGCGCACGG 1262 CCGUGCGCUCCACGUCCUU Rh, D [797-815]
291 966 UUCCACCACAAGAUGGUGG 1263 CCACCAUCUUGUGGUGGAA Rh, Rb, D, P
[869-887] 292 967 UACGGGCGCGAGGAGCUGC 1264 GCAGCUCCUCGCGCCCGUA D, M
[1340- 293 968 AAACACCUGGCUGGGCUGG 1265 CCAGCCCAGCCAGGUGUUU D
[1184- 294 969 AACACCUGGCUGGGCUGGG 1266 CCCAGCCCAGCCAGGUGUU D
[1185- 295 970 AUUGGGCGCCUGGUCCGGC 1267 GCCGGACCAGGCGCCCAAU Rh, D
[1436- 296 971 ACCGACGGCAAGCUGCCCG 1268 CGGGCAGCUUGCCGUCGGU D
[770-788] 297 972 UUCGUGCGCAGCAGCAAGC 1269 GCUUGCUGCUGCGCACGAA Rh,
D, M [665-683]
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE D SERPINH1 Active 18 + 1-mer siRNAs No SEQ ID
Sense siRNA SEQ ID AntiSense siRNA Other Sp human- 1 1270
AGCCUUUGUUGCUAUCAAA 1849 UUUGAUAGCAACAAAGGCU Rh [2117-2135] 2 1271
GCCUAAGGGUGACAAGAUA 1850 UAUCUUGUCACCCUUAGGC Rh [1453-1471] 3 1272
GGCCUAAGGGUGACAAGAA 1851 UUCUUGUCACCCUUAGGCC Rh [1452-1470] 4 1273
CCUCAAUCAGUAUUCAUAA 1852 UUAUGAAUACUGAUUGAG [1774-1792] 5 1274
GGCGGAUUGAGAAGGAGCA 1853 UGCUCCUUCUCAAUCCGCC [1973-1991] 6 1275
GGCAGUGGAGAACAUCCUA 1854 UAGGAUGUUCUCCACUGCC Rh [415-433] 7 1276
GGGUCAGCCAGCCCUCUUA 1855 UAAGAGGGCUGGCUGACCC Rh [1839-1857] 8 1277
GGGUGACAAGAUGCGAGAA 1856 UUCUCGCAUCUUGUCACCC Rh, D [1459-1477] 9
1278 GGACCAGGCAGUGGAGAAA 1857 UUUCUCCACUGCCUGGUCC Rh [409-427] 10
1279 GAGACACAUGGGUGCUAUA 1858 UAUAGCACCCAUGUGUCUC Rh, D, Rt,
[1533-1551] 11 1280 GUUGGAGCGUGGAAAAAAA 1859 UUUUUUUCCACGCUCCAAC
[2191-2208] 12 1281 GGAACAUGAGCCUUUGUUA 1860 UAACAAAGGCUCAUGUUCC Rh
[2109-2127] 13 1282 GCCAUGUUCUUCAAGCCAA 1861 UUGGCUUGAAGAACAUGGC
Rh, Rb, D [836-854] 14 1283 GGAUUGAGAAGGAGCUCCA 1862
UGGAGCUCCUUCUCAAUCC [1976-1994] 15 1284 GGGAUGAACUUUUUGUUUA 1863
UAAACAAAAAGUUCAUCCC Rh [2048-2066] 16 1285 GCCGCAGUGAGGCGGAUUA 1864
UAAUCCGCCUCACUGCGGC [1963-1981] 17 1286 GGACCUUCCCAGCUAGAAA 1865
UUUCUAGCUGGGAAGGUCC Rh [1639-1657] 18 1287 GACCUUCCCAGCUAGAAUA 1866
UAUUCUAGCUGGGAAGGUC Rh [1640-1658] 19 1288 CCUGUGAGACCAAAUUGAA 1867
UUCAAUUUGGUCUCACAGG Rh [1814-1832] 20 1289 UGGAGAACAUCCUGGUGUA 1868
UACACCAGGAUGUUCUCCA Rh [420-438] 21 1290 GCCUUUGUUGCUAUCAAUA 1869
UAUUGAUAGCAACAAAGGC Rh [2118-2136] 22 1291 CCGCCUUUGAGUUGGACAA 1870
UUGUCCAACUCAAAGGCGG Rh [1293-1311] 23 1292 CAGGCAGUGGAGAACAUCA 1871
UGAUGUUCUCCACUGCCUG Rh [413-431] 24 1293 CACCUGUGAGACCAAAUUA 1872
UAAUUUGGUCUCACAGGUG Rh [1812-1830] 25 1294 GGGAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGA 1873
UCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUCCC Rh, Rb, Rt [1112-1130] 26 1295
GGCCAUUGACAAGAACAAA 1874 UUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGGCC Rh, D [1213-1231] 27
1296 GCCUUUGAGUUGGACACAA 1875 UUGUGUCCAACUCAAAGGC Rh [1295-1313] 28
1297 AGCGGACCUUCCCAGCUAA 1876 UUAGCUGGGAAGGUCCGCU Rh [1636-1654] 29
1298 GAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUA 1877 UAUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUC Rt [1123-1141] 30
1299 ACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGUA 1878 UACUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGU Rh, Rt
[1464-1482] 31 1300 GAGGCGGAUUGAGAAGGAA 1879 UUCCUUCUCAAUCCGCCUC
[1971-1989] 32 1301 GGACAACCGUGGCUUCAUA 1880 UAUGAAGCCACGGUUGUCC
Rh, M [886-904] 33 1302 CAUAUUUAUAGCCAGGUAA 1881
UUACCUGGCUAUAAAUAUG Rh [1788-1806] 34 1303 CGACGACGAGAAGGAAAAA 1882
UUUUUCCUUCUCGUCGUCG [967-985] 35 1304 CUCACCUGUGAGACCAAAA 1883
UUUUGGUCUCACAGGUGAG Rh [1810-1828] 36 1305 GCGGCUCCCUGCUAUUCAA 1884
UUGAAUAGCAGGGAGCCGC [1419-1437] 37 1306 AGAACAUCCUGGUGUCACA 1885
UGUGACACCAGGAUGUUCU [423-441] 38 1307 CACACUGGGAUGAGAAAUA 1886
UAUUUCUCAUCCCAGUGUG Rh [852-870] 39 1308 GCUAGAAUUCACUCCACUA 1887
UAGUGGAGUGAAUUCUAGC Rh [1650-1668] 40 1309 CCUUCAUCUUCCUAGUGCA 1888
UGCACUAGGAAGAUGAAGG [1389-1407] 41 1310 UGCUAUCAAUCCAAGAACA 1889
UGUUCUUGGAUUGAUAGCA Rh [2126-2144] 42 1311 GGAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGA 1890
UCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUCC Rh, Rb, Rt [1113-1131] 43 1312
CAUGAGCCUUUGUUGCUAA 1891 UUAGCAACAAAGGCUCAUG Rh [2113-2131] 44 1313
GCGGAUUGAGAAGGAGCUA 1892 UAGCUCCUUCUCAAUCCGC [1974-1992] 45 1314
UGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGUA 1893 UACUCGUUGAUGGACUGCA Rh, Rt, M [738-756] 46
1315 GCACUGCGGAGAAGUUGAA 1894 UUCAACUUCUCCGCAGUGC [321-339] 47 1316
CCAGGCAGUGGAGAACAUA 1895 UAUGUUCUCCACUGCCUGG Rh [412-430] 48 1317
GGCAAGAAGGACCUGUACA 1896 UGUACAGGUCCUUCUUGCC Rh, D, M [1253-1271]
49 1318 CUCUACAACUACUACGACA 1897 UGUCGUAGUAGUUGUAGA Rb [953-971] 50
1319 CUUCCCAGCUAGAAUUCAA 1898 UUGAAUUCUAGCUGGGAAG Rh [1643-1661] 51
1320 AGGCGGAUUGAGAAGGAGA 1899 UCUCCUUCUCAAUCCGCCU [1972-1990] 52
1321 GGUCCUAUACCGUGGGUGA 1900 UCACCCACGGUAUAGGACC Rh [912-930] 53
1322 GCAAGAAGGACCUGUACCA 1901 UGGUACAGGUCCUUCUUGC Rh, D, M
[1254-1272] 54 1323 CCGUGGGUGUCAUGAUGAA 1902 UUCAUCAUGACACCCACGG Rh
[921-939] 55 1324 GAUGCGAGACGAGUUAUAA 1903 UUAUAACUCGUCUCGCAUC Rh
[1468-1486] 56 1325 GGCAGUGCUGAGCGCCGAA 1904 UUCGGCGCUCAGCACUGCC
[511-529] 57 1326 CAGCUAGAAUUCACUCCAA 1905 UUGGAGUGAAUUCUAGCUG Rh
[1648-1666] 58 1327 GAGCUUCGCUGAUGACUUA 1906 UAAGUCAUCAGCGAAGCUC Rh
[649-667] 59 1328 CUUUGAGUUGGACACAGAA 1907 UUCUGUGUCCAACUCAAAG Rh
[1297-1315] 60 1329 GGUGGACAACCGUGGCUUA 1908 UAAGCCACGGUUGUCCACC
Rh, M [883-901] 61 1330 GCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUGCA 1909
UGCAUGAGGAUGAUGAGGC Rh, D, Rt, [1026-1044] 62 1331
ACCAGGCAGUGGAGAACAA 1910 UUGUUCUCCACUGCCUGGU Rh [411-429] 63 1332
CCUGCCUCAAUCAGUAUUA 1911 UAAUACUGAUUGAGGCAGG [1770-1788] 64 1333
GAUCAAGCCUGCCUCAAUA 1912 UAUUGAGGCAGGCUUGAUC Rh [1763-1781] 65 1334
CAGACUCUGGUCAAGAAGA 1913 UCUUCUUGACCAGAGUCUG Rh [2011-2029] 66 1335
CGCGCUGCAGUCCAUCAAA 1914 UUUGAUGGACUGCAGCGCG Rh, Rt [733-751] 67
1336 CUGGCACUGCGGAGAAGUA 1915 UACUUCUCCGCAGUGCCAG [318-336] 68 1337
CCAGCUCUAUCCCAACCUA 1916 UAGGUUGGGAUAGAGCUG [1885-1903] 69 1338
AGGGUGUGGUGGAGGUGAA 1917 UUCACCUCCACCACACCCU Rh, D [1152-1170] 70
1339 AGUGAGGCGGAUUGAGAAA 1918 UUUCUCAAUCCGCCUCACU [1968-1986] 71
1340 CGGACAGGCCUCUACAACA 1919 UGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCG Rh, Rb, Rt,
[944-962] 72 1341 CGACGAGAAGGAAAAGCUA 1920 UAGCUUUUCCUUCUCGUCG Rh
[970-988] 73 1342 AGGCCAAGGCAGUGCUGAA 1921 UUCAGCACUGCCUUGGCCU Rh
[504-522] 74 1343 GCCUCAGGGUGCACACAGA 1922 UCUGUGUGCACCCUGAGGC
[1488-1506] 75 1344 GGAUGAGAAAUUCCACCAA 1923 UUGGUGGAAUUUCUCAUCC Rh
[859-877] 76 1345 AGAAGGAAAAGCUGCAAAA 1924 UUUUGCAGCUUUUCCUUCU Rh
[975-993] 77 1346 AGCUCUAUCCCAACCUCUA 1925 UAGAGGUUGGGAUAGAGC Rh
[1887-1905] 78 1347 UGACAAGAUGCGAGACGAA 1926 UUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGUCA Rh
[1462-1480] 79 1348 AGAAGGAGCUCCCAGGAGA 1927 UCUCCUGGGAGCUCCUUCU
[1982-2000] 80 1349 CCUUCUCACCUGUGAGACA 1928 UGUCUCACAGGUGAGAAGG Rh
[1806-1824] 81 1350 GGCUUCUGGGCAGACUCUA 1929 UAGAGUCUGCCCAGAAGCC Rh
[2001-2019] 82 1351 CCAGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAA 1930 UUGAGGAUGAUGAGGCUG Rh,
D, Rt, [1023-1041] 83 1352 CCAAAGGCUCCUGAGACAA 1931
UUGUCUCAGGAGCCUUUGG [1521-1539] 84 1353 GGACCUGGGCCAUAGUCAA 1932
UUGACUAUGGCCCAGGUCC [1722-1740] 85 1354 GGGUGUCAUGAUGAUGCAA 1933
UUGCAUCAUCAUGACACCC Rh [925-943] 86 1355 GUACCAGCCUUGGAUACUA 1934
UAGUAUCCAAGGCUGGUAC Rh [1572-1590] 87 1356 GGCUGUUGCCAUCUCCUUA 1935
UAAGGAGAUGGCAACAGCC [1129-1147] 88 1357 CGCAGUGAGGCGGAUUGAA 1936
UUCAAUCCGCCUCACUGCG [1965-1983] 89 1358 CCAAGGACGUGGAGCGCAA 1937
UUGCGCUCCACGUCCUUGG Rh, D [795-813] 90 1359 GGCUCCUGAGACACAUGGA
1938 UCCAUGUGUCUCAGGAGCC D [1526-1544] 91 1360 GCUGCAGUCCAUCAACGAA
1939 UUCGUUGAUGGACUGCAGC Rh, Rt [736-754] 92 1361
CCAGGUACCUUCUCACCUA 1940 UAGGUGAGAAGGUACCUGG Rh [1799-1817] 93 1362
GCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAA 1941 UUGGACUGCAGCGCGCUGC Rh, Rt [729-747] 94
1363 GAGACCAAAUUGAGCUAGA 1942 UCUAGCUCAAUUUGGUCUC Rh [1819-1837] 95
1364 GCCGCCGAGGUGAAGAAAA 1943 UUUUCUUCACCUCGGCGGC [281-299] 96 1365
GCAGACUCUGGUCAAGAAA 1944 UUUCUUGACCAGAGUCUGC Rh [2010-2028] 97 1366
CUAGAAUUCACUCCACUUA 1945 UAAGUGGAGUGAAUUCUA Rh [1651-1669] 98 1367
GCAGUGGAGAACAUCCUGA 1946 UCAGGAUGUUCUCCACUGC Rh [416-434] 99 1368
CGCAUGUCAGGCAAGAAGA 1947 UCUUCUUGCCUGACAUGCG Rh, D [1244-1262] 10
1369 CGGAUUGAGAAGGAGCUCA 1948 UGAGCUCCUUCUCAAUCCG [1975-1993] 10
1370 AGGUGAGGUACCAGCCUUA 1949 UAAGGCUGGUACCUCACCU Rh [1565-1583] 10
1371 CCACACUGGGAUGAGAAAA 1950 UUUUCUCAUCCCAGUGUGG Rh [851-869] 10
1372 GCCAUUGACAAGAACAAGA 1951 UCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGGC Rh, D [1214-1232]
10 1373 GCGCUGCAGUCCAUCAACA 1952 UGUUGAUGGACUGCAGCGC Rh, Rt
[734-752] 10 1374 CUCCCAACUAUAAAACUAA 1953 UUAGUUUAUAGUUGGGA Rh
[1903-1921] 10 1375 GGUGACAAGAUGCGAGACA 1954 UGUCUCGCAUCUUGUCACC Rh
[1460-1478] 10 1376 GGCCGACUUGUCACGCAUA 1955 UAUGCGUGACAAGUCGGCC Rh
[1231-1249] 10 1377 CCUAAGGGUGACAAGAUGA 1956 UCAUCUUGUCACCCUUAGG Rh
[1454-1472] 10 1378 UGAGACACAUGGGUGCUAA 1957 UUAGCACCCAUGUGUCUCA
Rh, D, Rt, [1532-1550] 11 1379 GGGUGGAAAAACAGACCGA 1958
UCGGUCUGUUUUUCCACCC [1601-1619] 11 1380 GGUGGAGGUGACCCAUGAA 1959
UUCAUGGGUCACCUCCACC Rh, Rt, M [1159-1177] 11 1381
CUUUGACCAGGACAUCUAA 1960 UUAGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAG Rh, Rt [1324-1342] 11
1382 GAACAUGAGCCUUUGUUGA 1961 UCAACAAAGGCUCAUGUUC Rh [2110-2128] 11
1383 AGCCUUGGAUACUCCAUGA 1962 UCAUGGAGUAUCCAAGGCU Rh [1577-1595] 11
1384 GGAGGUGACCCAUGACCUA 1963 UAGGUCAUGGGUCACCUCC Rh, Rt, M
[1162-1180] 11 1385 AGAUCAAGCCUGCCUCAAA 1964 UUUGAGGCAGGCUUGAUCU Rh
[1762-1780] 11 1386 GCCCAAGGGUGUGGUGGAA 1965 UUCCACCACACCCUUGGGC
Rh, D [1147-1165] 11 1387 AGAACAAGGCCGACUUGUA 1966
UACAAGUCGGCCUUGUUCU Rh [1224-1242]
11 1388 GUGGCUUCAUGGUGACUCA 1967 UGAGUCACCAUGAAGCCAC Rh [894-912]
12 1389 CUCCUGAGACACAUGGGUA 1968 UACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGAG D [1528-1546]
12 1390 CAGCCUUGGAUACUCCAUA 1969 UAUGGAGUAUCCAAGGCUG Rh [1576-1594]
12 1391 AAGGCUCCUGAGACACAUA 1970 UAUGUGUCUCAGGAGCCUU D [1524-1542]
12 1392 AGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAA 1971 UUGGCAACAGCCUUCUUCU Rt [1122-1140]
12 1393 CUACUACGACGACGAGAAA 1972 UUUCUCGUCGUCGUAGUAG Rb [961-979]
12 1394 CCUUUGUUGCUAUCAAUCA 1973 UGAUUGAUAGCAACAAAGG Rh [2119-2137]
12 1395 AGGCAGUGGAGAACAUCCA 1974 UGGAUGUUCUCCACUGCCU Rh [414-432]
12 1396 CCAUCACGUGGAGCCUCUA 1975 UAGAGGCUCCACGUGAUGG Rh [1045-1063]
12 1397 AGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAA 1976 UUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCU Rh, D, Rt,
[1017-1035] 12 1398 GGCUCCCUGCUAUUCAUUA 1977 UAAUGAAUAGCAGGGAGCC D
[1421-1439] 13 1399 GGGAACAUGAGCCUUUGUA 1978 UACAAAGGCUCAUGUUCCC Rh
[2108-2126] 13 1400 GGGCCAUAGUCAUUCUGCA 1979 UGCAGAAUGACUAUGGCCC
[1728-1746] 13 1401 CCAAAGAGCAGCUGAAGAA 1980 UUCUUCAGCUGCUCUUUGG
Rh, Rb, P [1086-1104] 13 1402 GACGAGAAGGAAAAGCUGA 1981
UCAGCUUUUCCUUCUCGUC Rh [971-989] 13 1403 GGGCUUCUGGGCAGACUCA 1982
UGAGUCUGCCCAGAAGCCC Rh [2000-2018] 13 1404 CAAGGACCAGGCAGUGGAA 1983
UUCCACUGCCUGGUCCUUG Rh [406-424] 13 1405 CUGUGAGACCAAAUUGAGA 1984
UCUCAAUUUGGUCUCACAG Rh [1815-1833] 13 1406 GACUGAGGCCAUUGACAAA 1985
UUUGUCAAUGGCCUCAGUC Rh [1207-1225] 13 1407 GACUUGUCACGCAUGUCAA 1986
UUGACAUGCGUGACAAGUC Rh [1235-1253] 13 1408 GAGGUGAGGUACCAGCCUA 1987
UAGGCUGGUACCUCACCUC [1564-1582] 14 1409 CAGAUACCAUGAUGCUGAA 1988
UUCAGCAUCAUGGUAUCUG Rh [1681-1699] 14 1410 AGGCAAGAAGGACCUGUAA 1989
UUACAGGUCCUUCUUGCCU Rh, D [1252-1270] 14 1411 CUGGGAUGAGAAAUUCCAA
1990 UUGGAAUUUCUCAUCCCAG Rh [856-874] 14 1412 AGGUACCAGCCUUGGAUAA
1991 UUAUCCAAGGCUGGUACCU Rh [1570-1588] 14 1413 CAGCCAGCCCUCUUCUGAA
1992 UUCAGAAGAGGGCUGGCUG [1843-1861] 14 1414 GUGUCAUGAUGAUGCACCA
1993 UGGUGCAUCAUCAUGACAC Rh [927-945] 14 1415 CCUCUACAACUACUACGAA
1994 UUCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAG Rb, D [952-970] 14 1416 CCGCCGAGGUGAAGAAACA
1995 UGUUUCUUCACCUCGGCGG Rh [282-300] 14 1417 GCUAUCAAUCCAAGAACUA
1996 UAGUUCUUGGAUUGAUAGC Rh [2127-2145] 14 1418 AGCCUGCCUCAAUCAGUAA
1997 UUACUGAUUGAGGCAGGCU [1768-1786] 15 1419 GGUCCGGCCUAAGGGUGAA
1998 UUCACCCUUAGGCCGGACC Rh [1447-1465] 15 1420 GAAGGAAAAGCUGCAAAUA
1999 UAUUUGCAGCUUUUCCUUC Rh [976-994] 15 1421 GGCCUCUACAACUACUACA
2000 UGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCC Rb, D [950-968] 15 1422
UGUUCUUCAAGCCACACUA 2001 UAGUGUGGCUUGAAGAACA Rh, Rb, D [840-858] 15
1423 GGCCAAGGCAGUGCUGAGA 2002 UCUCAGCACUGCCUUGGCC Rh [505-523] 15
1424 AGAAAUUCCACCACAAGAA 2003 UUCUUGUGGUGGAAUUUCU Rh [864-882] 15
1425 CUGCAGUCCAUCAACGAGA 2004 UCUCGUUGAUGGACUGCAG Rh, Rt, M
[737-755] 15 1426 CCAGCGUGUUCCACGCCAA 2005 UUGGCGUGGAACACGCUGG
[1275-1293] 15 1427 GCUCCCUCCUGCUUCUCAA 2006 UUGAGAAGCAGGAGGGAGC
[234-252] 15 1428 CCGGACAGGCCUCUACAAA 2007 UUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCGG Rh,
Rb, Rt, [943-961] 16 1429 CCCAUCACGUGGAGCCUCA 2008
UGAGGCUCCACGUGAUGGG Rh [1044-1062] 16 1430 CCGGCCUAAGGGUGACAAA 2009
UUUGUCACCCUUAGGCCGG Rh [1450-1468] 16 1431 CCUAUACCGUGGGUGUCAA 2010
UUGACACCCACGGUAUAGG Rh, D, P [915-933] 16 1432 CAGUGGAGAACAUCCUGGA
2011 UCCAGGAUGUUCUCCACUG Rh [417-435] 16 1433 CACUGGGAUGAGAAAUUCA
2012 UGAAUUUCUCAUCCCAGUG Rh [854-872] 16 1434 AUCCAAAGGCUCCUGAGAA
2013 UUCUCAGGAGCCUUUGGAU [1519-1537] 16 1435 UGAGAAAUUCCACCACAAA
2014 UUUGUGGUGGAAUUUCUCA Rh [862-880] 16 1436 GGUGGAAAAACAGACCGGA
2015 UCCGGUCUGUUUUUCCACC [1602-1620] 16 1437 GCUGGGCAGCCGACUGUAA
2016 UUACAGUCGGCUGCCCAGC [616-634] 16 1438 CCAUAGUCAUUCUGCCUGA 2017
UCAGGCAGAAUGACUAUGG [1731-1749] 17 1439 GCACCGGACAGGCCUCUAA 2018
UUAGAGGCCUGUCCGGUGC Rh, Rb, Rt, [940-958] 17 1440
GUUGGACACAGAUGGCAAA 2019 UUUGCCAUCUGUGUCCAAC [1303-1321] 17 1441
GCCUGCCUCAAUCAGUAUA 2020 UAUACUGAUUGAGGCAGGC [1769-1787] 17 1442
GAUCAACUUCCGCGACAAA 2021 UUUGUCGCGGAAGUUGAUC D [709-727] 17 1443
GGCCGCAGUGAGGCGGAUA 2022 UAUCCGCCUCACUGCGGCC [1962-1980] 17 1444
CUGCGGAGAAGUUGAGCCA 2023 UGGCUCAACUUCUCCGCAG [324-342] 17 1445
GCAUCCAAAGGCUCCUGAA 2024 UUCAGGAGCCUUUGGAUGC [1517-1535] 17 1446
GCUUCUGGGCAGACUCUGA 2025 UCAGAGUCUGCCCAGAAGC Rh [2002-2020] 17 1447
CCAGCCCUCUUCUGACACA 2026 UGUGUCAGAAGAGGGCUGG [1846-1864] 17 1448
GCUCUAUCCCAACCUCUCA 2027 UGAGAGGUUGGGAUAGAG Rh [1888-1906] 18 1449
GGACGUGGAGCGCACGGAA 2028 UUCCGUGCGCUCCACGUCC Rh, D [799-817] 18
1450 CCAAGGCAGUGCUGAGCGA 2029 UCGCUCAGCACUGCCUUGG Rh [507-525] 18
1451 GCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUGCA 2030 UGCAACAGCCUUCUUCUGC Rt [1120-1138] 18
1452 GACAUUUUGUUGGAGCGUA 2031 UACGCUCCAACAAAAUGUC [2183-2201] 18
1453 CGAGCACUCCAAGAUCAAA 2032 UUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCUCG Rh, D [697-715]
18 1454 UCAUGAUGAUGCACCGGAA 2033 UUCCGGUGCAUCAUCAUGA Rh [930-948]
18 1455 CCUGCUUCUCAGCGCCUUA 2034 UAAGGCGCUGAGAAGCAGG [241-259] 18
1456 CCCAACCUCUCCCAACUAA 2035 UUAGUUGGGAGAGGUUGG Rh [1895-1913] 18
1457 UGGGCAGACUCUGGUCAAA 2036 UUUGACCAGAGUCUGCCCA Rh [2007-2025] 18
1458 CUCUGGUCAAGAAGCAUCA 2037 UGAUGCUUCUUGACCAGAG Rh [2015-2033] 19
1459 GAGCCUCUCGAGCGCCUUA 2038 UAAGGCGCUCGAGAGGCUC [1055-1073] 19
1460 AGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUA 2039 UAGAUGGCAACAGCCUUCU Rt [1125-1143] 19
1461 CCCUGCUAGUCAACGCCAA 2040 UUGGCGUUGACUAGCAGGG Rh [822-840] 19
1462 GCCUUCAGCUUGUACCAGA 2041 UCUGGUACAAGCUGAAGGC [380-398] 19 1463
GCUGCUAACCAAAGAGCAA 2042 UUGCUCUUUGGUUAGCAGC [1078-1096] 19 1464
CCCACAAGCUCUCCAGCCA 2043 UGGCUGGAGAGCUUGUGGG Rh, D, P [1011-1029]
19 1465 GCUCCCUGCUAUUCAUUGA 2044 UCAAUGAAUAGCAGGGAGC D [1422-1440]
19 1466 GUUCUUCAAAGAUAGGGAA 2045 UUCCCUAUCUUUGAAGAAC [2083-2101] 19
1467 GUCAGCCAGCCCUCUUCUA 2046 UAGAAGAGGGCUGGCUGAC Rh [1841-1859] 19
1468 GCGGGACACCCAAAGCGGA 2047 UCCGCUUUGGGUGUCCCGC [1405-1423] 20
1469 AGCGCAGCGCGCUGCAGUA 2048 UACUGCAGCGCGCUGCGCU Rh, Rt [726-744]
20 1470 CCGGAAACUCCACAUCCUA 2049 UAGGAUGUGGAGUUUCCGG [1701-1719] 20
1471 CCAUUGACAAGAACAAGGA 2050 UCCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGG Rh, D [1215-1233]
20 1472 GGACAUCUACGGGCGCGAA 2051 UUCGCGCCCGUAGAUGUCC D [1333-1351]
20 1473 GACACAUGGGUGCUAUUGA 2052 UCAAUAGCACCCAUGUGUC Rh, Rt, M
[1535-1553] 20 1474 CCUGGCACUGCGGAGAAGA 2053 UCUUCUCCGCAGUGCCAGG
[317-335] 20 1475 GGGCCUGACUGAGGCCAUA 2054 UAUGGCCUCAGUCAGGCCC Rt
[1201-1219] 20 1476 ACACUGGGAUGAGAAAUUA 2055 UAAUUUCUCAUCCCAGUGU Rh
[853-871] 20 1477 GGUCAGCCAGCCCUCUUCA 2056 UGAAGAGGGCUGGCUGACC Rh
[1840-1858] 20 1478 GUGAGGCGGAUUGAGAAGA 2057 UCUUCUCAAUCCGCCUCAC
[1969-1987] 21 1479 UCACCUGUGAGACCAAAUA 2058 UAUUUGGUCUCACAGGUGA Rh
[1811-1829] 21 1480 AGCUGCAAAUCGUGGAGAA 2059 UUCUCCACGAUUUGCAGCU Rh
[984-1002] 21 1481 GGUGCACACAGGAUGGCAA 2060 UUGCCAUCCUGUGUGCACC Rh
[1495-1513] 21 1482 GGGUGUGGUGGAGGUGACA 2061 UGUCACCUCCACCACACCC
Rh, D [1153-1171] 21 1483 CCAGCCUUGGAUACUCCAA 2062
UUGGAGUAUCCAAGGCUGG Rh [1575-1593] 21 1484 CCACAAGCUCUCCAGCCUA 2063
UAGGCUGGAGAGCUUGUGG Rh, D, P [1012-1030] 21 1485
AAAGGCUCCUGAGACACAA 2064 UUGUGUCUCAGGAGCCUUU [1523-1541] 21 1486
AGGAAAAGCUGCAAAUCGA 2065 UCGAUUUGCAGCUUUUCCU Rh [978-996] 21 1487
CGCAGCAGCUCCUGGCACA 2066 UGUGCCAGGAGCUGCUGCG [307-325] 21 1488
GGUGUCAUGAUGAUGCACA 2067 UGUGCAUCAUCAUGACACC Rh [926-944] 22 1489
CCUCUUCUGACACUAAAAA 2068 UUUUUAGUGUCAGAAGAG [1851-1869] 22 1490
AGCUAGAAUUCACUCCACA 2069 UGUGGAGUGAAUUCUAGCU Rh [1649-1667] 22 1491
CGCUGGGCGGCAAGGCGAA 2070 UUCGCCUUGCCGCCCAGCG [474-492] 22 1492
GGCCUGGCCUUCAGCUUGA 2071 UCAAGCUGAAGGCCAGGCC [374-392] 22 1493
AGACACAUGGGUGCUAUUA 2072 UAAUAGCACCCAUGUGUCU Rh, Rt, M [1534-1552]
22 1494 CGUGGGUGUCAUGAUGAUA 2073 UAUCAUCAUGACACCCACG Rh [922-940]
22 1495 GUGGGUGUCAUGAUGAUGA 2074 UCAUCAUCAUGACACCCAC Rh [923-941]
22 1496 GAGAAGGAGCUCCCAGGAA 2075 UUCCUGGGAGCUCCUUCUC [1981-1999] 22
1497 GACUCUGGUCAAGAAGCAA 2076 UUGCUUCUUGACCAGAGUC Rh [2013-2031] 22
1498 CACUAAAACACCUCAGCUA 2077 UAGCUGAGGUGUUUUAGU [1861-1879] 23
1499 GGAGGCAUCCAAAGGCUCA 2078 UGAGCCUUUGGAUGCCUCC [1513-1531] 23
1500 GACCCAGCUCAGUGAGCUA 2079 UAGCUCACUGAGCUGGGUC [636-654] 23 1501
CCAUGACCUGCAGAAACAA 2080 UUGUUUCUGCAGGUCAUGG Rh, Rt, M [1171-1189]
23 1502 AGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGA 2081 UCAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCU Rh, Rt, M
[1116-1134] 23 1503 CAGCAAGCAGCACUACAAA 2082 UUUGUAGUGCUGCUUGCUG
Rh, D [676-694] 23 1504 CAAGCUCUCCAGCCUCAUA 2083
UAUGAGGCUGGAGAGCUUG Rh, D, M, P [1015-1033] 23 1505
UGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUGA 2084 UCAACAGCCUUCUUCUGCA Rt [1119-1137] 23 1506
GGCGCGAGGAGCUGCGCAA 2085 UUGCGCAGCUCCUCGCGCC Rh, D, M [1344-1362]
23 1507 GGUACCAGCCUUGGAUACA 2086 UGUAUCCAAGGCUGGUACC Rh [1571-1589]
23 1508 GCAGCCGACUGUACGGACA 2087 UGUCCGUACAGUCGGCUGC [621-639]
24 1509 CAGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUA 2088 UAUGAGGAUGAUGAGGCU Rh, D, Rt,
[1024-1042] 24 1510 GCCACCGCCUUUGAGUUGA 2089 UCAACUCAAAGGCGGUGGC Rh
[1289-1307] 24 1511 AGAAGGACCUGUACCUGGA 2090 UCCAGGUACAGGUCCUUCU
Rh, D [1257-1275] 24 1512 GGUGAAGAAACCUGCAGCA 2091
UGCUGCAGGUUUCUUCACC Rh [289-307] 24 1513 GUACCUUCUCACCUGUGAA 2092
UUCACAGGUGAGAAGGUAC Rh [1803-1821] 24 1514 GGCCAAGGACCAGGCAGUA 2093
UACUGCCUGGUCCUUGGCC Rh [403-421] 24 1515 GGCGGCAAGGCGACCACGA 2094
UCGUGGUCGCCUUGCCGCC [479-497] 24 1516 AGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUA 2095
UAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCU Rh, D [699-717] 24 1517 AUAUUUAUAGCCAGGUACA
2096 UGUACCUGGCUAUAAAUAU Rh [1789-1807] 24 1518 GGCAGCCGACUGUACGGAA
2097 UUCCGUACAGUCGGCUGCC [620-638] 25 1519 GUCACGCAUGUCAGGCAAA 2098
UUUGCCUGACAUGCGUGAC Rh, D [1240-1258] 25 1520 GACAGGCCUCUACAACUAA
2099 UUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUC Rh, Rb, Rt, [946-964] 25 1521
GAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUA 2100 UACAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUC Rh, Rt, M [1117-1135]
25 1522 ACCCAUGACCUGCAGAAAA 2101 UUUUCUGCAGGUCAUGGGU Rh, Rt, M
[1169-1187] 25 1523 GGCUUCAUGGUGACUCGGA 2102 UCCGAGUCACCAUGAAGCC Rh
[896-914] 25 1524 UGCCUCAAUCAGUAUUCAA 2103 UUGAAUACUGAUUGAGGCA
[1772-1790] 25 1525 GUUCUUCAAGCCACACUGA 2104 UCAGUGUGGCUUGAAGAAC
Rh, Rb, D [841-859] 25 1526 ACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCA 2105
UGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAG Rh, D, Rt, [702-720] 25 1527 GCUGUUCUACGCCGACCAA
2106 UUGGUCGGCGUAGAACAGC Rh [1369-1387] 25 1528 UAGUCAACGCCAUGUUCUA
2107 UAGAACAUGGCGUUGACUA Rh [828-846] 26 1529 CCGUGUGCCUGAGCGGACA
2108 UGUCCGCUCAGGCACACGG Rh [1625-1643] 26 1530 AGGCCUCUACAACUACUAA
2109 UUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCU Rh, Rb, D, [949-967] 26 1531
GCUUCAUGGUGACUCGGUA 2110 UACCGAGUCACCAUGAAGC Rh [897-915] 26 1532
GGUCAAGAAGCAUCGUGUA 2111 UACACGAUGCUUCUUGACC Rh [2019-2037] 26 1533
CUGCGAGCACUCCAAGAUA 2112 UAUCUUGGAGUGCUCGCAG Rh, D [694-712] 26
1534 GUCCUAUACCGUGGGUGUA 2113 UACACCCACGGUAUAGGAC Rh [913-931] 26
1535 GGCCUGACUGAGGCCAUUA 2114 UAAUGGCCUCAGUCAGGCC Rh [1202-1220] 26
1536 CACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCA 2115 UGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGU Rh, D, Rt,
[701-719] 26 1537 GCGUCGCAGGCCAAGGCAA 2116 UUGCCUUGGCCUGCGACGC
[497-515] 26 1538 AAGGGUGACAAGAUGCGAA 2117 UUCGCAUCUUGUCACCCUU Rh,
D [1457-1475] 27 1539 CAAGCUGUUCUACGCCGAA 2118 UUCGGCGUAGAACAGCUUG
Rh [1366-1384] 27 1540 CCUGCUAGUCAACGCCAUA 2119 UAUGGCGUUGACUAGCAGG
Rh [823-841] 27 1541 CCAAGGGUGUGGUGGAGGA 2120 UCCUCCACCACACCCUUGG
Rh, D [1149-1167] 27 1542 CACACAGGAUGGCAGGAGA 2121
UCUCCUGCCAUCCUGUGUG Rh [1499-1517] 27 1543 UCCUGAGACACAUGGGUGA 2122
UCACCCAUGUGUCUCAGGA D, Rt, M [1529-1547] 27 1544
CUACAACUACUACGACGAA 2123 UUCGUCGUAGUAGUUGUAG Rb [955-973] 27 1545
GACAAGAUGCGAGACGAGA 2124 UCUCGUCUCGCAUCUUGUC Rh, Rt [1463-1481] 27
1546 CCUGGAAGCUGGGCAGCCA 2125 UGGCUGCCCAGCUUCCAGG [609-627] 27 1547
CUUCAAGCCACACUGGGAA 2126 UUCCCAGUGUGGCUUGAAG Rh, Rb, D [844-862] 27
1548 GCGAGACGAGUUAUAGGGA 2127 UCCCUAUAACUCGUCUCGC Rh [1471-1489] 28
1549 GAAGCUGGGCAGCCGACUA 2128 UAGUCGGCUGCCCAGCUUC [613-631] 28 1550
GUGCCUGAGCGGACCUUCA 7129 UGAAGGUCCGCUCAGGCAC Rh [1629-1647] 28 1551
GGUGACCCAUGACCUGCAA 2130 UUGCAGGUCAUGGGUCACC Rh, Rt, M [1165-1183]
28 1552 AUGAGCCUUUGUUGCUAUA 2131 UAUAGCAACAAAGGCUCAU Rh [2114-2132]
28 1553 CAACUACUACGACGACGAA 2132 UUCGUCGUCGUAGUAGUUG Rb [958-976]
28 1554 GCUGCGCUCACUCAGCAAA 2133 UUUGCUGAGUGAGCGCAGC Rh [571-589]
28 1555 GAGAACAUCCUGGUGUCAA 2134 UUGACACCAGGAUGUUCUC [422-440] 28
1556 CCCAAGCUGUUCUACGCCA 2135 UGGCGUAGAACAGCUUGGG Rh [1364-1382] 28
1557 CAGCUCUAUCCCAACCUCA 2136 UGAGGUUGGGAUAGAGCU [1886-1904] 28
1558 UGAGCUUCGCUGAUGACUA 2137 UAGUCAUCAGCGAAGCUCA Rh [648-666] 29
1559 CCCAAGGCGGCCACGCUUA 2138 UAAGCGUGGCCGCCUUGGG Rh [341-359] 29
1560 CUAUACCGUGGGUGUCAUA 2139 UAUGACACCCACGGUAUAG Rh [916-934] 29
1561 CAUUGACAAGAACAAGGCA 2140 UGCCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUG Rh, D [1216-1234]
29 1562 GGACCCAGCUCAGUGAGCA 2141 UGCUCACUGAGCUGGGUCC [635-653] 29
1563 GACGACGAGAAGGAAAAGA 2142 UCUUUUCCUUCUCGUCGUC Rh [968-986] 29
1564 GCGGCAAGGCGACCACGGA 2143 UCCGUGGUCGCCUUGCCGC [480-498] 29 1565
GGGACACCCAAAGCGGCUA 2144 UAGCCGCUUUGGGUGUCCC [1407-1425] 29 1566
GGGAGGUGAGGUACCAGCA 2145 UGCUGGUACCUCACCUCCC [1562-1580] 29 1567
GCAGCACUACAACUGCGAA 2146 UUCGCAGUUGUAGUGCUGC Rh, D [682-700] 29
1568 GCGCAACGUGACCUGGAAA 2147 UUUCCAGGUCACGUUGCGC M [598-616] 30
1569 GGGCUGGGCCUGACUGAGA 2148 UCUCAGUCAGGCCCAGCCC [1196-1214] 30
1570 CCUGAGCGGACCUUCCCAA 2149 UUGGGAAGGUCCGCUCAGG Rh [1632-1650] 30
1571 GCAGCUGAAGAUCUGGAUA 2150 UAUCCAGAUCUUCAGCUGC Rh, D [1093-1111]
30 1572 AGUGGAGAACAUCCUGGUA 2151 UACCAGGAUGUUCUCCACU Rh [418-436]
30 1573 GCAAGCAGCACUACAACUA 2152 UAGUUGUAGUGCUGCUUGC Rh, D
[678-696] 30 1574 AGCUCAGUGAGCUUCGCUA 2153 UAGCGAAGCUCACUGAGCU
[641-659] 30 1575 CCGACUUGUCACGCAUGUA 2154 UACAUGCGUGACAAGUCGG Rh
[1233-1251] 30 1576 CCGAGGUCACCAAGGACGA 2155 UCGUCCUUGGUGACCUCGG
Rh, D [786-804] 30 1577 GGAGCCUCUCGAGCGCCUA 2156
UAGGCGCUCGAGAGGCUCC [1054-1072] 30 1578 GGCCGCGCAGACCACCGAA 2157
UUCGGUGGUCUGCGCGGCC [757-775] 31 1579 GGAAACUCCACAUCCUGUA 2158
UACAGGAUGUGGAGUUUCC Rh [1703-1721] 31 1580 CAAAGCGGCUCCCUGCUAA 2159
UUAGCAGGGAGCCGCUUUG [1415-1433] 31 1581 GCUCCUGAGACACAUGGGA 2160
UCCCAUGUGUCUCAGGAGC D [1527-1545] 31 1582 CCUGGGCCAUAGUCAUUCA 2161
UGAAUGACUAUGGCCCAGG [1725-1743] 31 1583 CGUGGAGCCUCUCGAGCGA 2162
UCGCUCGAGAGGCUCCACG [1051-1069] 31 1584 CCUCCUGCUUCUCAGCGCA 2163
UGCGCUGAGAAGCAGGAGG [238-256] 31 1585 AGUCCCAGAUCAAGCCUGA 2164
UCAGGCUUGAUCUGGGACU Rh [1756-1774] 31 1586 UACCGUGGGUGUCAUGAUA 2165
UAUCAUGACACCCACGGUA Rh [919-937] 31 1587 GCCAGCCCUCUUCUGACAA 2166
UUGUCAGAAGAGGGCUGGC [1845-1863] 31 1588 CCGAGGUGAAGAAACCUGA 2167
UCAGGUUUCUUCACCUCGG Rh, Rt [285-303] 32 1589 UCCUGGCACUGCGGAGAAA
2168 UUUCUCCGCAGUGCCAGGA [316-334] 32 1590 CCCGGAAACUCCACAUCCA 2169
UGGAUGUGGAGUUUCCGGG [1700-1718] 32 1591 ACUCUGGUCAAGAAGCAUA 2170
UAUGCUUCUUGACCAGAGU Rh [2014-2032] 32 1592 CCCAGAUACCAUGAUGCUA 2171
UAGCAUCAUGGUAUCUGGG Rh [1679-1697] 32 1593 CCUGAGACACAUGGGUGCA 2172
UGCACCCAUGUGUCUCAGG D, Rt, M [1530-1548] 32 1594
GCACUACAACUGCGAGCAA 2173 UUGCUCGCAGUUGUAGUGC Rh, D [685-703] 32
1595 CCACAAGAUGGUGGACAAA 2174 UUUGUCCACCAUCUUGUGG Rh, Rb, M,
[874-892] 32 1596 GGACACAGAUGGCAACCCA 2175 UGGGUUGCCAUCUGUGUCC
[1306-1324] 32 1597 GAAAAGCUGCUAACCAAAA 2176 UUUUGGUUAGCAGCUUUUC
[1073-1091] 32 1598 ACUACAACUGCGAGCACUA 2177 UAGUGCUCGCAGUUGUAGU
Rh, D [687-705] 33 1599 GCACUCCAAGAUCAACUUA 2178
UAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGC Rh, D [700-718] 33 1600 GCCUUGAAAAGCUGCUAAA
2179 UUUAGCAGCUUUUCAAGGC [1068-1086] 33 1601 GUGACUCGGUCCUAUACCA
2180 UGGUAUAGGACCGAGUCAC Rh [905-923] 33 1602 GUGGUGGAGGUGACCCAUA
2181 UAUGGGUCACCUCCACCAC Rh, Rb, Rt, [1157-1175] 33 1603
AUGCGAGACGAGUUAUAGA 2182 UCUAUAACUCGUCUCGCAU Rh [1469-1487] 33 1604
ACCUUCCCAGCUAGAAUUA 2183 UAAUUCUAGCUGGGAAGGU Rh [1641-1659] 33 1605
CCCAGCUAGAAUUCACUCA 2184 UGAGUGAAUUCUAGCUGGG Rh [1646-1664] 33 1606
GGUCACCAAGGACGUGGAA 2185 UUCCACGUCCUUGGUGACC Rh, D [790-808] 33
1607 GGCCUCAGGGUGCACACAA 2186 UUGUGUGCACCCUGAGGCC [1487-1505] 33
1608 UGAGGUACCAGCCUUGGAA 2187 UUCCAAGGCUGGUACCUCA Rh [1568-1586] 34
1609 CAUGGUGACUCGGUCCUAA 2188 UUAGGACCGAGUCACCAUG Rh [901-919] 34
1610 GGUGAGGUACCAGCCUUGA 2189 UCAAGGCUGGUACCUCACC Rh [1566-1584] 34
1611 GCCGAGGUGAAGAAACCUA 2190 UAGGUUUCUUCACCUCGGC Rh, Rt [284-302]
34 1612 GUACGGACCCAGCUCAGUA 2191 UACUGAGCUGGGUCCGUAC [631-649] 34
1613 CAAGAAGGACCUGUACCUA 2192 UAGGUACAGGUCCUUCUUG Rh, D, M
[1255-1273] 34 1614 GAGCACUCCAAGAUCAACA 2193 UGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCUC
Rh, D [698-716] 34 1615 CAUGUUCUUCAAGCCACAA 2194
UUGUGGCUUGAAGAACAUG Rh, Rb, D [838-856] 34 1616 CCCUCCUGCUUCUCAGCGA
2195 UCGCUGAGAAGCAGGAGGG [237-255] 34 1617 AUGUCAGGCAAGAAGGACA 2196
UGUCCUUCUUGCCUGACAU Rh, D [1247-1265] 34 1618 CAAGAUCAACUUCCGCGAA
2197 UUCGCGGAAGUUGAUCUUG D [706-724] 35 1619 GCGUGUUCCACGCCACCGA
2198 UCGGUGGCGUGGAACACGC [1278-1296] 35 1620 CGGACCCAGCUCAGUGAGA
2199 UCUCACUGAGCUGGGUCCG [634-652] 35 1621 CCUUCAGCUUGUACCAGGA 2200
UCCUGGUACAAGCUGAAGG [381-399] 35 1622 GCUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUA 2201
UAUGAUGAGGCUGGAGAGC Rh, D, Rt, [1018-1036] 35 1623
CCCUGGCCCACAAGCUCUA 2202 UAGAGCUUGUGGGCCAGGG Rh, D, P [1005-1023]
35 1624 GCCCGAGGUCACCAAGGAA 2203 UUCCUUGGUGACCUCGGGC Rh, D
[784-802] 35 1625 GUGGAGAACAUCCUGGUGA 2204 UCACCAGGAUGUUCUCCAC Rh
[419-437] 35 1626 GCUCACUCAGCAACUCCAA 2205 UUGGAGUUGCUGAGUGAGC Rh
[576-594] 35 1627 ACGCCAUGUUCUUCAAGCA 2206 UGCUUGAAGAACAUGGCGU Rh,
Rb, P [834-852] 35 1628 ACACAUGGGUGCUAUUGGA 2907
UCCAAUAGCACCCAUGUGU Rh [1536-1554] 36 1629 CCAGCUCAGUGAGCUUCGA 2208
UCGAAGCUCACUGAGCUGG [639-657] 36 1630 CCCAGCUCAGUGAGCUUCA 2209
UGAAGCUCACUGAGCUGGG [638-656]
36 1631 GGGCGGCAAGGCGACCACA 2210 UGUGGUCGCCUUGCCGCCC [478-496] 36
1632 CAGGGUGCACACAGGAUGA 2211 UCAUCCUGUGUGCACCCUG [1492-1510] 36
1633 AGGUGAAGAAACCUGCAGA 2212 UCUGCAGGUUUCUUCACCU Rh [288-306] 36
1634 CCUCUCCCAACUAUAAAAA 2213 UUUUUAUAGUUGGGAGAG Rh [1900-1918] 36
1635 GACUGUACGGACCCAGCUA 2214 UAGCUGGGUCCGUACAGUC [627-645] 36 1636
GAAGGAGCUCCCAGGAGGA 2215 UCCUCCUGGGAGCUCCUUC [1983-2001] 36 1637
ACGCAUGUCAGGCAAGAAA 2216 UUUCUUGCCUGACAUGCGU Rh, D [1243-1261] 36
1638 GACUCGGUCCUAUACCGUA 2217 UACGGUAUAGGACCGAGUC Rh [907-925] 37
1639 CACUACAACUGCGAGCACA 2218 UGUGCUCGCAGUUGUAGUG Rh, D [686-704]
37 1640 AGCUCCUGGCACUGCGGAA 2219 UUCCGCAGUGCCAGGAGCU [313-331] 37
1641 CUAAGGGUGACAAGAUGCA 2220 UGCAUCUUGUCACCCUUAG Rh [1455-1473] 37
1642 UGUGAGACCAAAUUGAGCA 2221 UGCUCAAUUUGGUCUCACA Rh [1816-1834] 37
1643 GCCGACUUGUCACGCAUGA 2222 UCAUGCGUGACAAGUCGGC Rh [1232-1250] 37
1644 CAGGAUGGCAGGAGGCAUA 2223 UAUGCCUCCUGCCAUCCUG [1503-1521] 37
1645 ACAAGAACAAGGCCGACUA 2224 UAGUCGGCCUUGUUCUUGU Rh [1221-1239] 37
1646 UGCGCUCCCUCCUGCUUCA 2225 UGAAGCAGGAGGGAGCGCA [231-249] 37 1647
GGCGAGCUGCUGCGCUCAA 2226 UUGAGCGCAGCAGCUCGCC Rh [563-581] 37 1648
GAUGCACCGGACAGGCCUA 2227 UAGGCCUGUCCGGUGCAUC Rh, Rb, Rt, [937-955]
38 1649 CGUGUCGCUGGGCGGCAAA 2228 UUUGCCGCCCAGCGACACG [469-487] 38
1650 AUCCCAACCUCUCCCAACA 2229 UGUUGGGAGAGGUUGGGA Rh [1893-1911] 38
1651 UGUUCUACGCCGACCACCA 2230 UGGUGGUCGGCGUAGAACA Rh [1371-1389] 38
1652 CGGCCUGGCCUUCAGCUUA 2231 UAAGCUGAAGGCCAGGCCG [373-391] 38 1653
GUCGCAGGCCAAGGCAGUA 2232 UACUGCCUUGGCCUGCGAC [499-517] 38 1654
AGUCAUUCUGCCUGCCCUA 2233 UAGGGCAGGCAGAAUGACU [1735-1753] 38 1655
CCCAGAAUGACCUGGCCGA 2234 UCGGCCAGGUCAUUCUGGG [1949-1967] 38 1656
ACAAGAUGGUGGACAACCA 2235 UGGUUGUCCACCAUCUUGU Rh, Rb, M, [876-894]
38 1657 GCUAGUCAACGCCAUGUUA 2236 UAACAUGGCGUUGACUAGC Rh [826-844]
38 1658 ACGCCACCGCCUUUGAGUA 2237 UACUCAAAGGCGGUGGCGU Rh [1287-1305]
39 1659 GCCGCGCAGACCACCGACA 2238 UGUCGGUGGUCUGCGCGGC [758-776] 39
1660 GCUAUUCAUUGGGCGCCUA 2239 UAGGCGCCCAAUGAAUAGC D [1429-1447] 39
1661 CUCAGUGAGCUUCGCUGAA 2240 UUCAGCGAAGCUCACUGAG [643-661] 39 1662
GGAGGUGAGGUACCAGCCA 2241 UGGCUGGUACCUCACCUCC [1563-1581] 39 1663
GCCAAGGCAGUGCUGAGCA 2242 UGCUCAGCACUGCCUUGGC Rh [506-524] 39 1664
CUCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUCA 2243 UGAUGAUGAGGCUGGAGA Rh, D, Rt, [1019-1037]
39 1665 GAAUGACCUGGCCGCAGUA 2244 UACUGCGGCCAGGUCAUUC [1953-1971] 39
1666 UGGUGACUCGGUCCUAUAA 2245 UUAUAGGACCGAGUCACCA Rh [903-921] 39
1667 CAGGUACCUUCUCACCUGA 2246 UCAGGUGAGAAGGUACCUG Rh [1800-1818] 39
1668 GUUCCACGCCACCGCCUUA 2247 UAAGGCGGUGGCGUGGAAC D [1282-1300] 40
1669 CCGACUGUACGGACCCAGA 2248 UCUGGGUCCGUACAGUCGG [625-643] 40 1670
GCAGACCACCGACGGCAAA 2249 UUUGCCGUCGGUGGUCUGC D, Rt [763-781] 40
1671 AAGAUGCGAGACGAGUUAA 2250 UUAACUCGUCUCGCAUCUU Rh [1466-1484] 40
1672 CAAAGAGCAGCUGAAGAUA 2251 UAUCUUCAGCUGCUCUUUG Rh [1087-1105] 40
1673 ACGACGAGAAGGAAAAGCA 2252 UGCUUUUCCUUCUCGUCGU Rh [969-987] 40
1674 CACUCCACUUGGACAUGGA 2253 UCCAUGUCCAAGUGGAGUG Rh [1659-1677] 40
1675 AGUCCAUCAACGAGUGGGA 2254 UCCCACUCGUUGAUGGACU Rh, Rt, M
[741-759] 40 1676 GCGCCGGCCUGGCCUUCAA 2255 UUGAAGGCCAGGCCGGCGC Rh
[369-387] 40 1677 GGAAAAGCUGCAAAUCGUA 2256 UACGAUUUGCAGCUUUUCC Rh
[979-997] 40 1678 ACAUUUUGUUGGAGCGUGA 2257 UCACGCUCCAACAAAAUGU
[2184-2202] 41 1679 ACCGUGGCUUCAUGGUGAA 2258 UUCACCAUGAAGCCACGGU
Rh, Rt, M [891-909] 41 1680 CCCUUCAUCUUCCUAGUGA 2259
UCACUAGGAAGAUGAAGGG [1388-1406] 41 1681 GAAAUUCCACCACAAGAUA 2260
UAUCUUGUGGUGGAAUUUC Rh [865-883] 41 1682 CUAUAAAACUAGGUGCUGA 2261
UCAGCACCUAGUUUUAUAG Rh [1910-1928] 41 1683 GGAGGUGCACGCCGGCCUA 2262
UAGGCCGGCGUGCACCUCC [544-562] 41 1684 GCAGGCCAAGGCAGUGCUA 2263
UAGCACUGCCUUGGCCUGC [502-520] 41 1685 UGAGACCAAAUUGAGCUAA 2264
UUAGCUCAAUUUGGUCUCA Rh [1818-1836] 41 1686 GCCAUAGUCAUUCUGCCUA 2265
UAGGCAGAAUGACUAUGGC [1730-1748] 41 1687 AGCUGAAGAUCUGGAUGGA 2266
UCCAUCCAGAUCUUCAGCU Rh, D [1095-1113] 41 1688 CCAUCUCCUUGCCCAAGGA
2267 UCCUUGGGCAAGGAGAUGG Rh [1137-1155] 42 1689 CCCAGAUCAAGCCUGCCUA
2268 UAGGCAGGCUUGAUCUGGG Rh [1759-1777] 42 1690 GCUGUUGCCAUCUCCUUGA
2269 UCAAGGAGAUGGCAACAGC [1130-1148] 42 1691 CGAGGUCACCAAGGACGUA
2270 UACGUCCUUGGUGACCUCG Rh, D [787-805] 42 1692
CAACUAUAAAACUAGGUGA 2271 UCACCUAGUUUUAUAGUUG Rh [1907-1925] 42 1693
GAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUCA 2272 UGAGAUGGCAACAGCCUUC Rt [1126-1144] 42 1694
UGCGGAGAAGUUGAGCCCA 2273 UGGGCUCAACUUCUCCGCA [325-343] 42 1695
CUCCUUGCCCAAGGGUGUA 2274 UACACCCUUGGGCAAGGAG Rh [1141-1159] 42 1696
GCCCUGAAAGUCCCAGAUA 2275 UAUCUGGGACUUUCAGGGC [1748-1766] 42 1697
CAAGGGUGUGGUGGAGGUA 2276 UACCUCCACCACACCCUUG Rh, D [1150-1168] 42
1698 AAGAGCAGCUGAAGAUCUA 2277 UAGAUCUUCAGCUGCUCUU Rh [1089-1107] 43
1699 GAAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCA 2278 UGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUUC Rh, Rb, Rt
[1114-1132] 43 1700 CGGAAACUCCACAUCCUGA 2279 UCAGGAUGUGGAGUUUCCG
[1702-1720] 43 1701 AGUCAACGCCAUGUUCUUA 2280 UAAGAACAUGGCGUUGACU Rh
[829-847] 43 1702 CGAGCGCCUUGAAAAGCUA 2281 UAGCUUUUCAAGGCGCUCG
[1063-1081] 43 1703 AUACCGUGGGUGUCAUGAA 2282 UUCAUGACACCCACGGUAU Rh
[918-936] 43 1704 GACCUGGGCCAUAGUCAUA 2283 UAUGACUAUGGCCCAGGUC
[1723-1741] 43 1705 CAUGUCAGGCAAGAAGGAA 2284 UUCCUUCUUGCCUGACAUG
Rh, D [1246-1264] 43 1706 UGCGAGACGAGUUAUAGGA 2285
UCCUAUAACUCGUCUCGCA Rh [1470-1488] 43 1707 CGCAACGUGACCUGGAAGA 2286
UCUUCCAGGUCACGUUGCG [599-617] 43 1708 AGCAAGCAGCACUACAACA 2287
UGUUGUAGUGCUGCUUGCU Rh, D [677-695] 44 1709 GCUGCUGCGCUCACUCAGA
2288 UCUGAGUGAGCGCAGCAGC Rh [568-586] 44 1710 UGAUGAUGCACCGGACAGA
2289 UCUGUCCGGUGCAUCAUCA Rh [933-951] 44 1711 UUGUUGCUAUCAAUCCAAA
2290 UUUGGAUUGAUAGCAACAA Rh [2122-2140] 44 1712 CCUUGAAAAGCUGCUAACA
2291 UGUUAGCAGCUUUUCAAGG [1069-1087] 44 1713 CCCUUUGACCAGGACAUCA
2292 UGAUGUCCUGGUCAAAGGG Rh, Rt [1322-1340] 44 1714
GAGGUGAAGAAACCUGCAA 2293 UUGCAGGUUUCUUCACCUC Rh [287-305] 44 1715
CCCAAGGGUGUGGUGGAGA 2294 UCUCCACCACACCCUUGGG Rh, D [1148-1166] 44
1716 CCCUGCUAUUCAUUGGGCA 2295 UGCCCAAUGAAUAGCAGGG D [1425-1443] 44
1717 CUGAAAGUCCCAGAUCAAA 2296 UUUGAUCUGGGACUUUCAG [1751-1769] 44
1718 GCUGCAAAUCGUGGAGAUA 2297 UAUCUCCACGAUUUGCAGC Rh [985-1003] 45
1719 CAAGCCUGCCUCAAUCAGA 2298 UCUGAUUGAGGCAGGCUUG Rh [1766-1784] 45
1720 CGAGCAGCUGCGCGACGAA 2299 UUCGUCGCGCAGCUGCUCG [526-544] 45 1721
AGGCCGACUUGUCACGCAA 2300 UUGCGUGACAAGUCGGCCU Rh [1230-1248] 45 1722
GCAGCAGCUCCUGGCACUA 2301 UAGUGCCAGGAGCUGCUGC [308-326] 45 1723
GGCCAUAGUCAUUCUGCCA 2302 UGGCAGAAUGACUAUGGCC [1729-1747] 45 1724
CCCGUGUGCCUGAGCGGAA 2303 UUCCGCUCAGGCACACGGG Rh [1624-1642] 45 1725
CAGCUGAAGAUCUGGAUGA 2304 UCAUCCAGAUCUUCAGCUG Rh, D [1094-1112] 45
1726 CAAGCCACACUGGGAUGAA 2305 UUCAUCCCAGUGUGGCUUG Rh, Rb [847-865]
45 1727 GAAUUCACUCCACUUGGAA 2306 UUCCAAGUGGAGUGAAUUC Rh [1654-1672]
45 1728 CGGCGCCCUGCUAGUCAAA 2307 UUUGACUAGCAGGGCGCCG Rh [817-835]
46 1729 UGGAAGCUGGGCAGCCGAA 2308 UUCGGCUGCCCAGCUUCCA [611-629] 46
1730 GGCAAGGCGACCACGGCGA 2309 UCGCCGUGGUCGCCUUGCC Rh [482-500] 46
1731 CACUGCGGAGAAGUUGAGA 2310 UCUCAACUUCUCCGCAGUG [322-340] 46 1732
GGCAGGAGGCAUCCAAAGA 2311 UCUUUGGAUGCCUCCUGCC [1509-1527] 46 1733
GGUGACUCGGUCCUAUACA 2312 UGUAUAGGACCGAGUCACC Rh [904-922] 46 1734
UUUAUAGCCAGGUACCUUA 2313 UAAGGUACCUGGCUAUAAA Rh [1792-1810] 46 1735
GGCCAUGGCCAAGGACCAA 2314 UUGGUCCUUGGCCAUGGCC Rh, D [397-415] 46
1736 CAAAGAUAGGGAGGGAAGA 2315 UCUUCCCUCCCUAUCUUUG [2089-2107] 46
1737 UCUUCUGACACUAAAACAA 2316 UUGUUUUAGUGUCAGAAG [1853-1871] 46
1738 CUUCUGACACUAAAACACA 2317 UGUGUUUUAGUGUCAGAA [1854-1872] 47
1739 UCACGUGGAGCCUCUCGAA 2318 UUCGAGAGGCUCCACGUGA [1048-1066] 47
1740 CAGUCCAUCAACGAGUGGA 2319 UCCACUCGUUGAUGGACUG Rh, Rt, M
[740-758] 47 1741 AGACCAAAUUGAGCUAGGA 2320 UCCUAGCUCAAUUUGGUCU
[1820-1838] 47 1742 GGGUUCCCGUGUGCCUGAA 2321 UUCAGGCACACGGGAACCC Rh
[1619-1637] 47 1743 UUGCUAUCAAUCCAAGAAA 2322 UUUCUUGGAUUGAUAGCAA Rh
[2125-2143] 47 1744 CAACCGUGGCUUCAUGGUA 2323 UACCAUGAAGCCACGGUUG
Rh, Rt, M [889-907] 47 1745 CUGUACGGACCCAGCUCAA 2324
UUGAGCUGGGUCCGUACAG [629-647] 47 1746 CAGCAGCAAGCAGCACUAA 2325
UUAGUGCUGCUUGCUGCUG Rh, D [673-691] 47 1747 CCUGCAGCCGCAGCAGCUA
2326 UAGCUGCUGCGGCUGCAGG [299-317] 47 1748 GACACUAAAACACCUCAGA 2327
UCUGAGGUGUUUUAGUGUC [1859-1877] 48 1749 CAACUGCGAGCACUCCAAA 2328
UUUGGAGUGCUCGCAGUUG Rh, D [691-709] 48 1750 ACUGCGGAGAAGUUGAGCA
2329 UGCUCAACUUCUCCGCAGU [323-341] 48 1751 GCGCCCUGCUAGUCAACGA 2330
UCGUUGACUAGCAGGGCGC Rh [819-837] 48 1752 GGAAGCUGGGCAGCCGACA 2331
UGUCGGCUGCCCAGCUUCC [612-630] 48 1753 AGGCUCCUGAGACACAUGA 2332
UCAUGUGUCUCAGGAGCCU D [1525-1543] 48 1754 CGACAAGCGCAGCGCGCUA 2333
UAGCGCGCUGCGCUUGUCG [721-739]
48 1755 UCAGUGAGCUUCGCUGAUA 2334 UAUCAGCGAAGCUCACUGA [644-662] 48
1756 UUGAGAAGGAGCUCCCAGA 2335 UCUGGGAGCUCCUUCUCAA [1979-1997] 48
1757 ACUGCGAGCACUCCAAGAA 2336 UUCUUGGAGUGCUCGCAGU Rh, D [693-711]
48 1758 CAUCCUGGUGUCACCCGUA 2337 UACGGGUGACACCAGGAUG [427-445] 49
1759 GUGCGCAGCAGCAAGCAGA 2338 UCUGCUUGCUGCUGCGCAC Rh, D [668-686]
49 1760 CACGCCACCGCCUUUGAGA 2339 UCUCAAAGGCGGUGGCGUG Rh [1286-1304]
49 1761 UCUCGAGCGCCUUGAAAAA 2340 UUUUUCAAGGCGCUCGAGA [1060-1078] 49
1762 GCUUCGCUGAUGACUUCGA 2341 UCGAAGUCAUCAGCGAAGC Rh [651-669] 49
1763 UCUCCUUGCCCAAGGGUGA 2342 UCACCCUUGGGCAAGGAGA Rh [1140-1158] 49
1764 GCAGUCCAUCAACGAGUGA 2343 UCACUCGUUGAUGGACUGC Rh, Rt, M
[739-757] 49 1765 AGAUGGUGGACAACCGUGA 2344 UCACGGUUGUCCACCAUCU Rh,
M [879-897] 49 1766 CGGCUCCCUGCUAUUCAUA 2345 UAUGAAUAGCAGGGAGCCG
[1420-1438] 49 1767 AUACCAUGAUGCUGAGCCA 2346 UGGCUCAGCAUCAUGGUAU
[1684-1702] 49 1768 AGCCAGGUACCUUCUCACA 2347 UGUGAGAAGGUACCUGGCU Rh
[1797-1815] 50 1769 GAGCCCGGAAACUCCACAA 2348 UUGUGGAGUUUCCGGGCUC
[1697-1715] 50 1770 GCAGCUCCUGGCACUGCGA 2349 UCGCAGUGCCAGGAGCUGC
[311-329] 50 1771 CCCGAGGUCACCAAGGACA 2350 UGUCCUUGGUGACCUCGGG Rh,
D [785-803] 50 1772 CCUGACUGAGGCCAUUGAA 2351 UUCAAUGGCCUCAGUCAGG Rh
[1204-1222] 50 1773 UGCUGAGCCCGGAAACUCA 2352 UGAGUUUCCGGGCUCAGCA
[1693-1711] 50 1774 GCCAUCUCCUUGCCCAAGA 2353 UCUUGGGCAAGGAGAUGGC Rh
[1136-1154] 50 1775 CAAGCAGCACUACAACUGA 2354 UCAGUUGUAGUGCUGCUUG
Rh, D [679-697] 50 1776 CAAGGCAGUGCUGAGCGCA 2355
UGCGCUCAGCACUGCCUUG Rh [508-526] 50 1777 CAAUGACAUUUUGUUGGAA 2356
UUCCAACAAAAUGUCAUUG [2179-2197] 50 1778 AGUGAGCUUCGCUGAUGAA 2357
UUCAUCAGCGAAGCUCACU [646-664] 51 1779 AUGAUGAUGCACCGGACAA 2358
UUGUCCGGUGCAUCAUCAU Rh [932-950] 51 1780 GAAACACCUGGCUGGGCUA 2359
UAGCCCAGCCAGGUGUUUC D [1183-1201] 51 1781 CCUGCUAUUCAUUGGGCGA 2360
UCGCCCAAUGAAUAGCAGG D [1426-1444] 51 1782 CGCCACCGCCUUUGAGUUA 2361
UAACUCAAAGGCGGUGGCG Rh [1288-1306] 51 1783 GCUUCUCAGCGCCUUCUGA 2362
UCAGAAGGCGCUGAGAAGC [244-262] 51 1784 UGAUGCUGAGCCCGGAAAA 2363
UUUUCCGGGCUCAGCAUCA [1690-1708] 51 1785 UGACCUGGCCGCAGUGAGA 2364
UCUCACUGCGGCCAGGUCA [1956-1974] 51 1786 UGCAGAAACACCUGGCUGA 2365
UCAGCCAGGUGUUUCUGCA [1179-1197] 51 1787 GCAGUGCUGAGCGCCGAGA 2366
UCUCGGCGCUCAGCACUGC [512-530] 51 1788 CGGCGCGCAACGUGACCUA 2367
UAGGUCACGUUGCGCGCCG [594-612] 52 1789 AGUGCUGAGCGCCGAGCAA 2368
UUGCUCGGCGCUCAGCACU [514-532] 52 1790 ACAGGCCUCUACAACUACA 2369
UGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGU Rh, Rb, D, [947-965] 52 1791
GCAGCUGCGCGACGAGGAA 2370 UUCCUCGUCGCGCAGCUGC Rh, D [529-547] 52
1792 AUUGAGAAGGAGCUCCCAA 2371 UUGGGAGCUCCUUCUCAAU [1978-1996] 52
1793 CGCGCAGACCACCGACGGA 2372 UCCGUCGGUGGUCUGCGCG [760-778] 52 1794
CCUGUACCUGGCCAGCGUA 2373 UACGCUGGCCAGGUACAGG Rh [1264-1282] 52 1795
CUGAGCGGACCUUCCCAGA 2374 UCUGGGAAGGUCCGCUCAG Rh [1633-1651] 52 1796
GGCCUUCAGCUUGUACCAA 2375 UUGGUACAAGCUGAAGGCC [379-397] 52 1797
CACCCAAAGCGGCUCCCUA 2376 UAGGGAGCCGCUUUGGGUG [1411-1429] 52 1798
GCCAAGGACCAGGCAGUGA 2377 UCACUGCCUGGUCCUUGGC Rh [404-422] 53 1799
CUCAGGGUGCACACAGGAA 2378 UUCCUGUGUGCACCCUGAG [1490-1508] 53 1800
CGAGCUGCUGCGCUCACUA 2379 UAGUGAGCGCAGCAGCUCG Rh [565-583] 53 1801
GGCUGGGCCUGACUGAGGA 2380 UCCUCAGUCAGGCCCAGCC [1197-1215] 53 1802
CCGCAGCAGCUCCUGGCAA 2381 UUGCCAGGAGCUGCUGCGG [306-324] 53 1803
UGUGGGACCUGGGCCAUAA 2382 UUAUGGCCCAGGUCCCACA [1718-1736] 53 1804
AAGAUGCAGAAGAAGGCUA 2383 UAGCCUUCUUCUGCAUCUU Rh, Rt, M [1115-1133]
53 1805 CCACGGCGCGCAACGUGAA 2384 UUCACGUUGCGCGCCGUGG Rh [591-609]
53 1806 ACCUUCUCACCUGUGAGAA 2385 UUCUCACAGGUGAGAAGGU Rh [1805-1823]
53 1807 UGAAGAAACCUGCAGCCGA 2386 UCGGCUGCAGGUUUCUUCA [291-309] 53
1808 CAGCACUACAACUGCGAGA 2387 UCUCGCAGUUGUAGUGCUG Rh, D [683-701]
54 1809 GCGACAAGCGCAGCGCGCA 2388 UGCGCGCUGCGCUUGUCGC [720-738] 54
1810 UAGAAUUCACUCCACUUGA 2389 UCAAGUGGAGUGAAUUCUA Rh [1652-1670] 54
1811 GUGGAAAAACAGACCGGGA 2390 UCCCGGUCUGUUUUUCCAC [1603-1621] 54
1812 ACGUGGAGCCUCUCGAGCA 2391 UGCUCGAGAGGCUCCACGU [1050-1068] 54
1813 GGCGCGCAACGUGACCUGA 2392 UCAGGUCACGUUGCGCGCC [595-613] 54 1814
UGGACAACCGUGGCUUCAA 2393 UUGAAGCCACGGUUGUCCA Rh, M [885-903] 54
1815 CUAGUCAACGCCAUGUUCA 2394 UGAACAUGGCGUUGACUAG Rh [827-845] 54
1816 AGAAUGACCUGGCCGCAGA 2395 UCUGCGGCCAGGUCAUUCU [1952-1970] 54
1817 AGCUGCUGCGCUCACUCAA 2396 UUGAGUGAGCGCAGCAGCU Rh [567-585] 54
1818 CUCUAUCCCAACCUCUCCA 2397 UGGAGAGGUUGGGAUAGA Rh [1889-1907] 55
1819 GCGAGCUGCUGCGCUCACA 2398 UGUGAGCGCAGCAGCUCGC Rh [564-582] 55
1820 CGCAGCAGCAAGCAGCACA 2399 UGUGCUGCUUGCUGCUGCG Rh, D [671-689]
55 1821 GGCUGGGCUGGGCCUGACA 2400 UGUCAGGCCCAGCCCAGCC [1192-1210] 55
1822 UCUCCAGCCUCAUCAUCCA 2401 UGGAUGAUGAGGCUGGAG Rh, D, Rt,
[1020-1038] 55 1823 CAACGCCAUGUUCUUCAAA 2402 UUUGAAGAACAUGGCGUUG
Rh, Rb, P [832-850] 55 1824 UGGCACUGCGGAGAAGUUA 2403
UAACUUCUCCGCAGUGCCA [319-337] 55 1825 UUUGAGUUGGACACAGAUA 2404
UAUCUGUGUCCAACUCAAA [1298-1316] 55 1826 UGGGCGAGCUGCUGCGCUA 2405
UAGCGCAGCAGCUCGCCCA Rh [561-579] 55 1827 CUGCUAACCAAAGAGCAGA 2406
UCUGCUCUUUGGUUAGCAG [1079-1097] 55 1828 AACGUGACCUGGAAGCUGA 2407
UCAGCUUCCAGGUCACGUU [602-620] 56 1829 AUGACAUUUUGUUGGAGCA 2408
UGCUCCAACAAAAUGUCAU [2181-2199] 56 1830 CAGGAGGCAUCCAAAGGCA 2409
UGCCUUUGGAUGCCUCCUG [1511-1529] 56 1831 AUCUCCUUGCCCAAGGGUA 2410
UACCCUUGGGCAAGGAGAU Rh [1139-1157] 56 1832 UGGGAUGAGAAAUUCCACA 2411
UGUGGAAUUUCUCAUCCCA Rh [857-875] 56 1833 AAAGCUGCUAACCAAAGAA 2412
UUCUUUGGUUAGCAGCUUU [1075-1093] 56 1834 AGGAGGCAUCCAAAGGCUA 2413
UAGCCUUUGGAUGCCUCCU [1512-1530] 56 1835 CACCGCCUUUGAGUUGGAA 2414
UUCCAACUCAAAGGCGGUG Rh [1291-1309] 56 1836 CCAACUAUAAAACUAGGUA 2415
UACCUAGUUUUAUAGUUGG Rh [1906-1924] 56 1837 CAAGAAGCAUCGUGUCUGA 2416
UCAGACACGAUGCUUCUUG Rh [2022-2040] 56 1838 AGCAGCUGAAGAUCUGGAA 2417
UUCCAGAUCUUCAGCUGCU Rh, D [1092-1110] 57 1839 GCGCUCCCUCCUGCUUCUA
2418 UAGAAGCAGGAGGGAGCGC [232-250] 57 1840 UGCUAGUCAACGCCAUGUA 2419
UACAUGGCGUUGACUAGCA Rh [825-843] 57 1841 CGCCGAGCAGCUGCGCGAA 2420
UUCGCGCAGCUGCUCGGCG [523-541] 57 1842 CCGCGCAGACCACCGACGA 2421
UCGUCGGUGGUCUGCGCGG [759-777] 57 1843 UAGCCAGGUACCUUCUCAA 2422
UUGAGAAGGUACCUGGCUA Rh [1796-1814] 57 1844 UGCUUCUCAGCGCCUUCUA 2423
UAGAAGGCGCUGAGAAGCA [243-261] 57 1845 CUCCCUCCUGCUUCUCAGA 2424
UCUGAGAAGCAGGAGGGAG [235-253] 57 1846 CGCAGGCCAAGGCAGUGCA 2425
UGCACUGCCUUGGCCUGCG [501-519] 57 1847 GCAAGGCGACCACGGCGUA 2426
UACGCCGUGGUCGCCUUGC Rh [483-501] 57 1848 GCAGCCGCAGCAGCUCCUA 2427
UAGGAGCUGCUGCGGCUGC [302-320]
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE E SERPINH1 Cross-Species 18 + 1-mer siRNAs No.
SEQ ID NO Sense siRNA SEQ AntiSense siRNA Other human- 1 2428
UCACCAAGGACGUGGAGCA 2576 UGCUCCACGUCCUUGGU Rh, D [792-810] 2 2429
CAGCGCGCUGCAGUCCAUA 2577 UAUGGACUGCAGCGCGC Rh, Rt [730-748] 3 2430
CAUCUACGGGCGCGAGGAA 2578 UUCCUCGCGCCCGUAGA D, M [1336-1354] 4 2431
CUCCAGCCUCAUCAUCCUA 2579 UAGGAUGAUGAGGCUGG Rh, D, Rt, M [1021-1039]
5 2432 GACAUCUACGGGCGCGAGA 2580 UCUCGCGCCCGUAGAUG D, M [1334-1352]
6 2433 CGUGCGCAGCAGCAAGCAA 2581 UUGCUUGCUGCUGCGCA Rh, D, M
[667-685] 7 2434 GUCACCAAGGACGUGGAGA 2582 UCUCCACGUCCUUGGUG Rh, D
[791-809] 8 2435 CCGCGACAAGCGCAGCGCA 2583 UGCGCUGCGCUUGUCGC D
[718-736] 9 2436 GCGCAGCGCGCUGCAGUCA 2584 UGACUGCAGCGCGCUGC Rh, Rt
[727-745] 10 2437 GGCCCACAAGCUCUCCAGA 2585 UCUGGAGAGCUUGUGGG Rh, D,
P [1009-1027] 11 2438 CAAGGACGUGGAGCGCACA 2586 UGUGCGCUCCACGUCCU
Rh, D [796-814] 12 2439 AGCCUCAUCAUCCUCAUGA 2587 UCAUGAGGAUGAUGAGG
Rh, D, Rt, M [1025-1043] 13 2440 GGUGUGGUGGAGGUGACCA 2588
UGGUCACCUCCACCACA Rh, D [1154-1172] 14 2441 GCAAGCUGCCCGAGGUCAA
2589 UUGACCUCGGGCAGCUU Rh, D [777-795] 15 2442 GUGGAGGUGACCCAUGACA
2590 UGUCAUGGGUCACCUCC Rh, Rt, M [1160-1178] 16 2443
CACAAGAUGGUGGACAACA 2591 UGUUGUCCACCAUCUUG Rh, Rb, M, P [875-893]
17 2444 GCGAGGAGCUGCGCAGCCA 2592 UGGCUGCGCAGCUCCUC D, M [1347-1365]
18 2445 UACUACGACGACGAGAAGA 2593 UCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAG Rb [962-980] 19
2446 GAGGUGACCCAUGACCUGA 2594 UCAGGUCAUGGGUCACC Rh, Rt, M
[1163-1181] 20 2447 ACUUCCGCGACAAGCGCAA 2595 UUGCGCUUGUCGCGGAA D
[714-732] 21 2448 GCCCACAAGCUCUCCAGCA 2596 UGCUGGAGAGCUUGUGG Rh, D,
P [1010-1028] 22 2449 GCGCAGCAGCAAGCAGCAA 2597 UUGCUGCUUGCUGCUGC
Rh, D [670-688] 23 2450 CGAGGAGCUGCGCAGCCCA 2598 UGGGCUGCGCAGCUCCU
D, M [1348-1366] 24 2451 AACGCCAUGUUCUUCAAGA 2599 UCUUGAAGAACAUGGCG
Rh, Rb, P [833-851] 25 2452 GUCAGGCAAGAAGGACCUA 2600
UAGGUCCUUCUUGCCUG Rh, D [1249-1267] 26 2453 GCCUGGGCGAGCUGCUGCA
2601 UGCAGCAGCUCGCCCAG Rh, D [558-576] 27 2454 GAUGAUGCACCGGACAGGA
2602 UCCUGUCCGGUGCAUCA Rh, Rb, Rt, M [934-952] 28 2455
GGACCUGUACCUGGCCAGA 2603 UCUGGCCAGGUACAGGU Rh, D [1261-1279] 29
2456 GCGACGAGGAGGUGCACGA 2604 UCGUGCACCUCCUCGUC D [537-555] 30 2457
UGUGGUGGAGGUGACCCAA 2605 UUGGGUCACCUCCACCA Rh, D [1156-1174] 31
2458 UUCAAGCCACACUGGGAUA 2606 UAUCCCAGUGUGGCUUG Rh, Rb [845-863] 32
2459 CAAGAUGGUGGACAACCGA 2607 UCGGUUGUCCACCAUCU Rh, Rb, M, P
[877-895] 33 2460 UCAACUUCCGCGACAAGCA 2608 UGCUUGUCGCGGAAGUU D
[711-729] 34 2461 AUUCAUUGGGCGCCUGGUA 2609 UACCAGGCGCCCAAUGA D
[1432-1450] 35 2462 CUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGA 2610 UCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGG Rh,
D, Rt, M [703-721] 36 2463 CAGGCCAUGGCCAAGGACA 2611
UGUCCUUGGCCAUGGCC Rh, D [395-413] 37 2464 GUACCAGGCCAUGGCCAAA 2612
UUUGGCCAUGGCCUGGU Rh, D [391-409] 38 2465 UGUCAGGCAAGAAGGACCA 2613
UGGUCCUUCUUGCCUGA Rh, D [1248-1266] 39 2466 CUUCGUGCGCAGCAGCAAA
2614 UUUGCUGCUGCGCACGA Rh, D, M [664-682] 40 2467
CAACUUCCGCGACAAGCGA 2615 UCGCUUGUCGCGGAAGU D [712-730] 41 2468
CCACCACAAGAUGGUGGAA 2616 UUCCACCAUCUUGUGGU Rh, Rb, D, P [871-889]
42 2469 GCGCGACGAGGAGGUGCAA 2617 UUGCACCUCCUCGUCGC Rh, D [535-553]
43 2470 CUACAACUGCGAGCACUCA 2618 UGAGUGCUCGCAGUUGU Rh, D [688-706]
44 2471 UGGAGGUGACCCAUGACCA 2619 UGGUCAUGGGUCACCUC Rh, Rt, M
[1161-1179] 45 2472 GAGGUCACCAAGGACGUGA 2620 UCACGUCCUUGGUGACC Rh,
D [788-806] 46 2473 AAGAAGGACCUGUACCUGA 2621 UCAGGUACAGGUCCUUC Rh,
D [1256-1274] 47 2474 GACAACCGUGGCUUCAUGA 2622 UCAUGAAGCCACGGUUG
Rh, Rt, M [887-905] 48 2475 ACCAGGACAUCUACGGGCA 2623
UGCCCGUAGAUGUCCUG D, Rt [1329-1347] 49 2476 GCUGCCCGAGGUCACCAAA
2624 UUUGGUGACCUCGGGCA Rh, D [781-799] 50 2477 AUGCAGAAGAAGGCUGUUA
2625 UAACAGCCUUCUUCUGC Rt [1118-1136] 51 2478 GGCCUGGGCGAGCUGCUGA
2626 UCAGCAGCUCGCCCAGG Rh, D [557-575] 52 2479 GAUGGUGGACAACCGUGGA
2627 UCCACGGUUGUCCACCA Rh, M [880-898] 53 2480 CUCCCUGCUAUUCAUUGGA
2628 UCCAAUGAAUAGCAGGG D [1423-1441] 54 2481 GAAGGACCUGUACCUGGCA
2629 UGCCAGGUACAGGUCCU Rh, D [1258-1276] 55 2482
CCACCGACGGCAAGCUGCA 2630 UGCAGCUUGCCGUCGGU D, Rt [768-786] 56 2483
UGCUAUUCAUUGGGCGCCA 2631 UGGCGCCCAAUGAAUAG D [1428-1446] 57 2484
AUGUUCUUCAAGCCACACA 2632 UGUGUGGCUUGAAGAAC Rh, Rb, D [839-857] 58
2485 CCAGGACAUCUACGGGCGA 2633 UCGCCCGUAGAUGUCCU D, Rt [1330-1348]
59 2486 GCGCGAGGAGCUGCGCAGA 2634 UCUGCGCAGCUCCUCGC Rh, D, M
[1345-1363] 60 2487 GAGCAGCUGCGCGACGAGA 2635 UCUCGUCGCGCAGCUGC Rh,
D [527-545] 61 2488 CUAUUCAUUGGGCGCCUGA 2636 UCAGGCGCCCAAUGAAU D
[1430-1448] 62 2489 ACAAGCUCUCCAGCCUCAA 2637 UUGAGGCUGGAGAGCUU Rh,
D, M, P [1014-1032] 63 2490 GCUGAAGAUCUGGAUGGGA 2638
UCCCAUCCAGAUCUUCA Rh, D [1096-1114] 64 2491 GACCAGGACAUCUACGGGA
2639 UCCCGUAGAUGUCCUGG D, Rt [1328-1346] 65 2492
CAAGCGCAGCGCGCUGCAA 2640 UUGCAGCGCGCUGCGCU Rh, Rt [724-742] 66 2493
CCAUGGCCAAGGACCAGGA 2641 UCCUGGUCCUUGGCCAU Rh, D [399-417] 67 2494
CACCAAGGACGUGGAGCGA 2642 UCGCUCCACGUCCUUGG Rh, D [793-811] 68 2495
CCGUGGCUUCAUGGUGACA 2643 UGUCACCAUGAAGCCAC Rh, Rt, M [892-910] 69
2496 UGACCAGGACAUCUACGGA 2644 UCCGUAGAUGUCCUGGU Rt [1327-1345] 70
2497 AGACCACCGACGGCAAGCA 2645 UGCUUGCCGUCGGUGGU D, Rt [765-783] 71
2498 GACAAGCGCAGCGCGCUGA 2646 UCAGCGCGCUGCGCUUG Rh, Rt [722-740] 72
2499 AGAAACACCUGGCUGGGCA 2647 UGCCCAGCCAGGUGUUU D [1182-1200] 73
2500 AAGAUGGUGGACAACCGUA 2648 UACGGUUGUCCACCAUC Rh, M [878-896] 74
2501 CAGACCACCGACGGCAAGA 2649 UCUUGCCGUCGGUGGUC D, Rt [764-782] 75
2502 AGGACCUGUACCUGGCCAA 2650 UUGGCCAGGUACAGGUC Rh, D [1260-1278]
76 2503 CUGCUAUUCAUUGGGCGCA 2651 UGCGCCCAAUGAAUAGC D [1427-1445] 77
2504 GUCCAUCAACGAGUGGGCA 2652 UGCCCACUCGUUGAUGG Rh, Rt, M [742-760]
78 2505 CCAGGCCAUGGCCAAGGAA 2653 UUCCUUGGCCAUGGCCU Rh, D [394-412]
79 2506 AAGCAGCACUACAACUGCA 2654 UGCAGUUGUAGUGCUGC Rh, D [680-698]
80 2507 UGUUCCACGCCACCGCCUA 2655 UAGGCGGUGGCGUGGAA D [1281-1299] 81
2508 UACAACUACUACGACGACA 2656 UGUCGUCGUAGUAGUUG Rb [956-974] 82
2509 CCUCAUCAUCCUCAUGCCA 2657 UGGCAUGAGGAUGAUGA Rh, D, Rt, M
[1027-1045] 83 2510 UGGUGGACAACCGUGGCUA 2658 UAGCCACGGUUGUCCAC Rh,
M [882-900] 84 2511 GACCACCGACGGCAAGCUA 2659 UAGCUUGCCGUCGGUGG D,
Rt [766-784] 85 2512 AGCUGCGCGACGAGGAGGA 2660 UCCUCCUCGUCGCGCAG Rh,
D [531-549] 86 2513 CGGCAAGCUGCCCGAGGUA 2661 UACCUCGGGCAGCUUGC Rh,
D [775-793] 87 2514 UGGCCCACAAGCUCUCCAA 2662 UUGGAGAGCUUGUGGGC Rh,
D, P [1008-1026] 88 2515 CAGCUGCGCGACGAGGAGA 2663 UCUCCUCGUCGCGCAGC
Rh, D [530-548] 89 2516 CUUCCGCGACAAGCGCAGA 2664 UCUGCGCUUGUCGCGGA
D [715-733] 90 2517 UGGGCCUGACUGAGGCCAA 2665 UUGGCCUCAGUCAGGCC Rt
[1200-1218] 91 2518 GCUGCGCGACGAGGAGGUA 2666 UACCUCCUCGUCGCGCA Rh,
D [532-550] 92 2519 CAGGACAUCUACGGGCGCA 2667 UGCGCCCGUAGAUGUCC D
[1331-1349] 93 2520 GCCAUGCCGAAGGACCAGA 2668 UCUGGUCCUUGGCCAUG Rh,
D [398-416] 94 2521 UCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGCA 2669 UGCGGAAGUUGAUCUUG D
[704-722] 95 2592 ACCACCGACGGCAAGCUGA 2670 UCAGCUUGCCGUCGGUG D, Rt
[767-785] 96 2523 AUCUACGGGCGCGAGGAGA 2671 UCUCCUCGCGCCCGUAG D, M
[1337-1355] 97 2524 CUGCCCGAGGUCACCAAGA 2672 UCUUGGUGACCUCGGGC Rh,
D [782-800] 98 2525 AUCAACUUCCGCGACAAGA 2673 UCUUGUCGCGGAAGUUG D
[710-728] 99 2526 UCAUUGGGCGCCUGGUCCA 2674 UGGACCAGGCGCCCAAU Rh, D
[1434-1452] 100 2527 CAUUGGGCGCCUGGUCCGA 2675 UCGGACCAGGCGCCCAA Rh,
D [1435-1453] 101 2528 GUGUUCCACGCCACCGCCA 2676 UGGCGGUGGCGUGGAAC D
[1280-1298] 102 2529 AUGAUGCACCGGACAGGCA 2677 UGCCUGUCCGGUGCAUC Rh,
Rb, Rt, M [935-953] 103 2530 CGACGAGGAGGUGCACGCA 2678
UGCGUGCACCUCCUCGU D [538-556] 104 2531 CAGAAACACCUGGCUGGGA 2679
UCCCAGCCAGGUGUUUC D [1181-1199] 105 2532 UGAUGCACCGGACAGGCCA 2680
UGGCCUGUCCGGUGCAU Rh, Rb, Rt, M [936-954] 106 2533
AAGGCUGUUGCCAUCUCCA 2681 UGGAGAUGGCAACAGCC D, Rt [1127-1145] 107
2534 AUGACUUCGUGCGCAGCAA 2682 UUGCUGCGCACGAAGUC Rh, Rt, M [660-678]
108 2535 UCAGGCAAGAAGGACCUGA 2683 UCAGGUCCUUCUUGCCU Rh, D
[1250-1268] 109 2536 CUCAUCAUCCUCAUGCCCA 2684 UGGGCAUGAGGAUGAUG Rh,
Rt, M [1028-1046] 110 2537 CGCGACGAGGAGGUGCACA 2685
UGUGCACCUCCUCGUCG Rh, D [536-554] 111 2538 ACAACCGUGGCUUCAUGGA 2686
UCCAUGAAGCCACGGUU Rh, Rt, M [888-906] 112 2539 UUGACCAGGACAUCCACGA
2687 UCGUAGAUGUCCUGGUC Rt [1326-1344] 113 2540 CAAGCUGCCCGAGGUCACA
2688 UGUGACCUCGGGCAGCU Rh, D [778-796] 114 2541 UCCCUGCUAUUCAUUGGGA
2689 UCCCAAUGAAUAGCAGG D [1424-1442] 115 2542 UAUUCAUUGGGCGCCUGGA
2690 UCCAGGCGCCCAAUGAA D [1431-1449] 116 2543 CUGCGCGACGAGGAGGUGA
2691 UCACCUCCUCGUCGCGC Rh, D [533-551] 117 2544 CUACGGGCGCGAGGAGCUA
2692 UAGCUCCUCGCGCCCGU D, M [1339-1357] 118 2545
CGCGAGGAGCUGCGCAGCA 2693 UGCUGCGCAGCUCCUCG D, M [1346-1364] 119
2546 ACACCUGGCUGGGCUGGGA 2694 UCCCAGCCCAGCCAGGU D [1186-1204]
120 2547 UCUACGGGCGCGAGGAGCA 2695 UGCUCCUCGCGCCCGUA D, M
[1338-1356] 121 2548 UUCUUCAAGCCACACUGGA 2696 UCCAGUGUGGCUUGAAG Rh,
Rb, D [842-860] 122 2549 CCUGGGCGAGCUGCUGCGA 2697 UCGCAGCAGCUCGCCCA
Rh, D [559-577] 123 2550 AAGAAGGCUGUUGCCAUCA 2698 UGAUGGCAACAGCCUUC
Rt [1124-1142] 124 2551 CGACGGCAAGCUGCCCGAA 2699 UUCGGGCAGCUUGCCGU
D [772-790] 125 2552 GACGGCAAGCUGCCCGAGA 2700 UCUCGGGCAGCUUGCCG Rh,
D [773-791] 126 2553 UUCAUUGGGCGCCUGGUCA 2701 UGACCAGGCGCCCAAUG Rh,
D [1433-1451] 127 2554 AAGCGCAGCGCGCUGCAGA 2702 UCUGCAGCGCGCUGCGC
Rh, Rt [725-743] 128 2555 CCUGGCCCACAAGCUCUCA 2703
UGAGAGCUUGUGGGCCA Rh, D, P [1006-1024] 129 2556 ACGGCAAGCUGCCCGAGGA
2704 UCCUCGGGCAGCUUGCC Rh, D [774-792] 130 2557 UUUGACCAGGACAUCUACA
2705 UGUAGAUGUCCUGGUCA Rt [1325-1343] 131 2558 UGACUUCGUGCGCAGCAGA
2706 UCUGCUGCGCACGAAGU Rh, Rt, M [661-679] 132 2559
AAGGACGUGGAGCGCACGA 2707 UCGUGCGCUCCACGUCC Rh, D [797-815] 133 2560
UCCAUCAACGAGUGGGCCA 2708 UGGCCCACUCGUUGAUG Rt, M [743-761] 134 2561
CACCGACGCCAACCUGCCA 2709 UGGCAGCUUGCCGUCGG D, Rt [769-787] 135 2562
ACGGGCGCGAGGAGCUGCA 2710 UGCAGCUCCUCGCGCCC D, M [1341-1359] 136
2563 UCCGCGACAAGCGCAGCGA 2711 UCGCUGCGCUUGUCGCG D [717-735] 137
2564 UUGGGCGCCUGGUCCGGCA 2712 UGCCGGACCAGGCGCCC Rh, D [1437-1455]
138 2565 AUGGUGGACAACCGUGGCA 2713 UGCCACGGUUGUCCACC Rh, M [881-899]
139 2566 AUUGGGCGCCUGGUCCGGA 2714 UCCGGACCAGGCGCCCA Rh, D
[1436-1454] 140 2567 UACGGGCGCGAGGAGCUGA 2715 UCAGCUCCUCGCGCCCG D,
M [1340-1358] 141 2568 AUGCACCGGACAGGCCUCA 2716 UGAGGCCUGUCCGGUGC
Rh, Rb, Rt, P [938-956] 142 2569 UUCCACCACAAGAUGGUGA 2717
UCACCAUCUUGUGGUGG Rh, Rb, D, P [869-887] 143 2570
UUCCGCGACAAGCGCAGCA 2718 UGCUGCGCUUGUCGCGG D [716-734] 144 2571
UACCAGGCCAUGGCCAAGA 2719 UCUUGGCCAUGGCCUGG Rh, D [392-410] 145 2572
AAACACCUGGCUGGGCUGA 2720 UCAGCCCAGCCAGGUGU D [1184-1202] 146 2573
ACCGACGGCAAGCUGCCCA 2721 UGGGCAGCUUGCCGUCG D [770-788] 147 2574
AACACCUGGCUGGGCUGGA 2722 UCCAGCCCAGCCAGGUG D [1185-1203] 148 2575
UUCGUGCGCAGCAGCAAGA 2723 UCUUGCUGCUGCGCACG Rh, D, M [665-683]
EXAMPLE 10
Animal Models
Model Systems of Fibrotic Conditions
Testing the active siRNAs of the invention may be done in
predictive animal models. Rat diabetic and aging models of kidney
fibrosis include Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, aged fa/fa
(obese Zucker) rats, aged Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and Goto
Kakizaki (GK) rats; GK rats are an inbred strain derived from
Wistar rats, selected for spontaneous development of NIDDM
(diabetes type II). Induced models of kidney fibrosis include the
permanent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model which is a
model of acute interstitial fibrosis occurring in healthy
non-diabetic animals; renal fibrosis develops within days following
the obstruction. Another induced model of kidney fibrosis is 5/6
nephrectomy.
Two models of liver fibrosis in rats are the Bile Duct Ligation
(BDL) with sham operation as controls, and CCl4 poisoning, with
olive oil fed animals as controls, as described in the following
references: Lotersztajn S, et al Hepatic Fibrosis: Molecular
Mechanisms and Drug Targets. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004 Oct.
7; Uchio K, et al., Down-regulation of connective tissue growth
factor and type I collagen mRNA expression by connective tissue
growth factor antisense oligonucleotide during experimental liver
fibrosis. Wound Repair Regen. 2004 January-February; 12 (1):60-6;
Xu X Q, et al., Molecular classification of liver cirrhosis in a
rat model by proteomics and bioinformatics Proteomics. 2004
October; 4 (10):3235-45.
Models for ocular scarring are well known in the art e.g. Sherwood
M B et al., J. Glaucoma. 2004 October; 13 (5):407-12. A new model
of glaucoma filtering surgery in the rat; Miller M H et al.,
Ophthalmic Surg. 1989 May; 20(5):350-7. Wound healing in an animal
model of glaucoma fistulizing surgery in the Rb; vanBockxmeer F M
et al., Retina. 1985 Fall-Winter; 5 (4): 239-52. Models for
assessing scar tissue inhibitors; Wiedemann P et al., J Pharmacol
Methods. 1984 August; 12 (1): 69-78. Proliferative
vitreoretinopathy: the Rb cell injection model for screening of
antiproliferative drugs.
Models of cataract are described in the following publications: The
role of Src family kinases in cortical cataract formation. Zhou J,
Menko A S. Invest Ophthalmol V is Sci. 2002 July; 43 (7):2293-300;
Bioavailability and anticataract effects of a topical ocular drug
delivery system containing disulfuram and
hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on selenite-treated rats. Wang S,
et al.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt-
=Abstract&list_uids=15370367 Curr Eye Res. 2004 July; 29
(1):51-8; and Long-term organ culture system to study the effects
of UV-A irradiation on lens transglutaminase. Weinreb O, Dovrat A.;
Curr Eye Res. 2004 July; 29 (1):51-8.
The compounds of Table A-18 and Table A-19 are tested in these
models of fibrotic conditions, in which it is found that they are
effective in treating liver fibrosis and other fibrotic
conditions.
Model Systems of Glaucoma
Testing the active siRNA of the invention for treating or
preventing glaucoma is preformed in rat animal model for optic
nerve crush described for example in: Maeda, K. et al., "A Novel
Neuroprotectant against Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage in a Glaucoma
Model and an Optic Nerve Crush Model in the rat", Investigative
Ophthalmology and visual Science (IOVS), March 2004, 45(3)851.
Specifically, for optic nerve transection the orbital optic nerve
(ON) of anesthetized rats is exposed through a supraorbital
approach, the meninges severed and all axons in the ON transected
by crushing with forceps for 10 seconds, 2 mm from the lamina
cribrosa.
Nucleic acid molecules as disclosed herein are tested in this
animal model and the results show that these siRNA compounds are
useful in treating and/or preventing glaucoma.
Rat Optic Nerve Crush (ONC) Model: Intravitreal siRNA Delivery and
Eye Drop Delivery
For optic nerve transsection the orbital optic nerve (ON) of
anesthetized rats is exposed through a supraorbital approach, the
meninges severed and all axons in the ON transected by crushing
with forceps for 10 seconds, 2 mm from the lamina cribrosa.
The siRNA compounds are delivered alone or in combination in 5 uL
volume (10 ug/uL) as eye drops. Immediately after optic nerve crush
(ONC), 20 ug/10 ul test siRNA or 10 ul PBS is administered to one
or both eyes of adult Wistar rats and the levels of siRNA taken up
into the dissected and snap frozen whole retinae at 5 h and 1 d,
and later at 2 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d post injection is
determined. Similar experiments are performed in order to test
activity and efficacy of siRNA administered via eye drops.
Model Systems of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Following Lung
Transplantation in Rats
Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury is achieved in a rat animal model
as described in Mizobuchi et al., The Journal of Heart and Lung
Transplantation, Vol 23 No. 7 (2004) and in Kazuhiro Yasufuku et
al., Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol Biol, Vol 25, pp 26-34 (2001).
Specifically, after inducing anesthesia with isofluorane, the
trachea is cannulated with a 14-gauge Teflon catheter and the rat
is mechanically ventilated with rodent ventilator using 100%
oxygen, at a rate of 70 breaths per minute and 2 cm H2O of positive
end-respiratory pressure. The left pulmonary artery, veins and main
stem bronchus are occluded with a Castaneda clamp. During the
operation, the lung is kept moist with saline and the incision is
covered to minimize evaporative losses. The period of ischemia is
60 minutes long. At the end of the ischemic period the clamp is
removed and the lung is allowed to ventilate and reperfuse for
further 4 h, 24 h, and 5 d post induction of lung ischemia. At the
end of the experiment, the lungs are gently harvested and either
frozen for RNA extraction or fixed in glutaraldehyde cocktail for
subsequent histological analysis.
The Bleomycin Animal Model as a Model for Idiopathic Pulmonary
Fibrosis (IPF).
Testing feasibility of lung and liver delivery of vitamin
A-Coatsome formulated siRNA administered by intravenous injection
and intratracheal administration of siRNA-vitamin A-Coatsome
complex to a healthy mice and bleomycine-treated mice
Objective: To test two administration routes for feasibility of
vitamin A-Coatsome formulated siRNA delivery to normal and fibrotic
mouse lungs. The main hypothesis to be tested in the current study
is whether systemic administration of vitamin A-Coatsome formulated
modified siRNA provides efficient uptake and cell-specific
distribution in the fibrotic and normal mouse lungs. Intratracheal
route of vitamin A-Coatsome formulated modified siRNA will be
tested in parallel. siRNA detection and cell-specific distribution
in the lungs and liver will be performed by in situ hybridization
(ISH)
Background: The Bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis has been well
developed and characterized over the last three decades (Moeller,
et al. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 40:362-382, 2008; Chua et al., Am J
Respir Cell Mol Biol 33:9-13, 2005). Histological hallmarks, such
as intra-alveolar buds, mural incorporation of collagen and
obliteration of alveolar space are present in BLM-treated animals
similar to IPF patients. Early studies demonstrated that C57/B1
mice were consistently prone to BLM-induced lung fibrosis, whereas
Balb/C mice were inheritantly resistant. Depending on the route of
administration, different fibrotic pattern develops. Intratracheal
instillation of BLM results in bronchiocentric accentuated
fibrosis, whereas intravenous or intraperitoneal administration
induces subpleural scarring similar to human disease (Chua et al.
ibid). A mouse model of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is used.
This model shows a heterogenous distribution of fibroproliferation,
distributed mainly subpleurally, forming similar lesions to those
observed in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary
fibrsosis (IPF) (Onuma, et al., Tohoku J Exp Med 194: 147-156, 2001
and Yamaguchi and Ruoslahti, Nature 336: 244-246, 1988). UIP will
be induced by intraperitoneal injection of bleomycin every other
day for 7 days for a constant composition of subpleural
fibroproliferation in the mouse lung (Swiderski et al. Am J Pathol
152: 821-828, 1998 and Shimizukawa et al., Am J Physiol Lung Cell
Mol Physiol 284: L526-L532, 2003).
As was previously demonstrated, vitamin A-loaded liposomes
containing siRNA interact with retinol-binding protein (RBP) and
provide efficient delivery to the hepatic stellate cells via RBP
receptor (Sato et al. Nat Biotechnol 26:431-442, 2008). This study
is planned to test whether vitA-Coatsome-siRNA complex will be
efficiently taken up by an RBP receptor-expressing activated
myofibroblasts in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice. In addition,
local administration route (intratracheal instillation) will be
tested.
General Study Design
Mice--C57 B1 male
Starting N (BLM I.P.)--40 (6 for the first pilot group, 34 for the
study, taling in consideration anticipated 25% mortality)
Starting N (Total)--60
Test siRNA: SERPINHI compounds disclosed herein.
TABLE-US-00040 Groups: BLM dose, Termination, mg/kg siRNA post BW,
in BLM dose, siRNA last N (before 0.1 ml adm. BLM mg/kg adm siRNA
siRNA siRNA No saline route regime BW route regime adm
administration 1 0.75 I.P. dd 0, 2, 4, 6 4.5 I.V. 2 daily 2 h 4 2
0.75 I.P. dd 0, 2, 4, 6 4.5 I.V. 2 daily 24 h 4 3 0.75 I.P. dd 0,
2, 4, 6 2.25 I.T. 2 daily 2 h 4 4 0.75 I.P. dd 0, 2, 4, 6 2.25 I.T.
2 daily 24 h 4 5 intact n/a 4.5 I.V. 2 daily 2 h 4 6 intact n/a 4.5
I.V 2 daily 24 h 4 7 intact n/a 2.25 I.T 2 daily 2 h 4 8 intact n/a
2.25 I.T. 2 daily 24 h 4 9 0.75 I.P. dd 0, 2, 4, 6 n/a I.V. 2 daily
2 h 3 vehicle 10 0.75 I.P. dd 0, 2, 4, 6 n/a I/T/vehicle 2 daily 24
h 3 11 Intact n/a n/a intact n/a Any time 3
Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis of
12-wk-old female C57BL/6 mice will be induced by intraperitoneal
instillation of bleomycin chlorate: 0.75 mg/kg body weight
dissolved in 0.1 ml of saline every other day for 7 days, on days
0, 2, 4, and 6.
Model follow up and monitoring. The mice will be weighed before the
BLM treatment, and twice weekly for the period of study
duration.
Pilot evaluation of the establishment of fibrosis. The mice (N=30)
are subjected to BLM treatment in groups, to allow for a one week
time interval between the first treated group (N=5) and the rest of
the animals. On day 14, two mice from the first group are
sacrificed and the lungs harvested for the fast HE stain and quick
histopathological evaluation of fibrosis. When lung fibrosis is
confirmed, the remaining rats are sorted into the groups and
treated with siRNA on Day 14 after the first BLM treatment. In case
that no sufficient fibrosis develops in the lungs by day 14, the
remaining mice from the first treated group are sacrificed on day
21, followed by quick histopathology evaluation of fibrosis. The
rest of the animals are treated with test siRNA complex starting
from day 21 after the BLM treatment.
siRNA administration. On day 14 or day 21 after the first BLM
administration (TBD during the study, based on pilot evaluation of
establishment of fibrosis), the animals are group sorted, according
to BW. The animals from groups 1 and 2 are administered
intravenously (tail vein injection) with siRNA/vitA/Coatsome
complex, at an siRNA concentration of 4.5 mg/kg BW. Intact animals
of the same age (Groups 5 and 6) are treated in the same manner.
BLM treated animals (Group 9) will be used as vitA-coatsome vehicle
control). In 24 hours, the injection is repeated to all the
animals, as above.
The BLM animals from the groups 3 and 4, and intact mice from
groups 7 and 8 are anesthetized with isoflutrane and subjected to
intratracheal instillation of 2.25 mg/kg BW siRNA formulated in
vitA-loaded liposomes. Mice from the BLM group 10 are administered
with vitA/Coatsome vehicle only. The inttratracheal instillation is
repeated after 24 hours.
Study termination. The animals from the groups 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 are
sacrificed at 2 hours after the second siRNA complex injection or
instillation. The animals from the groups 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 are
sacrificed at 24 hours after the second siRNA complex injection or
instillation.
Upon animals sacrifice, the mice are perfused transcardially with
10% neutral buffered formalin. The lungs are inflated with 0.8-1.0
ml of 10% NBF, and the trachea ligated. The lungs are excised and
fixed for 24 h in 10% NBF. The liver is harvested from each animal
and fixed in 10% NBF for 24 h.
Sectioning and evaluation. Consequent sections are prepared from
the lungs and livers. First consequent section are stained with
hematoxylin and eosin for assessment of lung and liver morphology,
second section are stained with Sirius Red (trichrome) to identify
collagen The third consequent sections are subjected to in situ
hybridization (ISH) for detection of siRNA.
The compounds as described herein are tested in this animal model
and the results show that these siRNA compounds are useful in
treating and/or preventing ischemia reperfusion injury following
lung transplantation.
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 1 List of siRNA sequences Experimental Target
Base sequence [corresponding sequence [corresponding siRNA region
nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1] nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1] siHSP47-C
human/rat sense 5' GGACAGGCCUCUACAACUAUU (SEQ ID 5'
GGACAGGCCUCUACAACUAdTdT (SEQ hsp47 NO: 3) ID NO: 5) [945-963]
[945-963] anti- 5' UAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCUU (SEQ 5'
UAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCdTdT (SEQ sense ID NO: 4) ID NO: 6) [945-963]
[945-963] siHSP47- human/rat sense 5' GGACAGGCCUCUACAACUACUACGA 5'
GGACAGGCCUCUACAACUACUACdGdA Cd hsp47 (SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 9)
[945-969] [945-969] anti- 5' 5' sense UCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCUU
UCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUCCUU (SEQ ID NO: 8) (SEQ ID NO: 10)
[945-969] [945-969] siHSP47-1 human/rat sense 5'
CAGGCCUCUACAACUACUAUU (SEQ ID 5' CAGGCCUCUACAACUACUAdTdT (SEQ hsp47
NO: 11) ID NO: 13) [948-966] [948-966] anti- 5'
UAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUU (SEQ 5' UAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGdTdT (SEQ sense ID
NO: 12) ID NO: 14) [948-966] [948-966] siHSP47- human sense 5'
CAGGCCUCUACAACUACUACGACGA 5' CAGGCCUCUACAACUACUACGACdGdA 1d hsp47
(SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 17) [948-972] [948-972] anti- 5' 5'
sense UCGUCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUU UCGUCGUAGUAGUUGUAGAGGCCUGUU (SEQ
ID NO: 16) (SEQ ID NO: 18) [948-972] [948-972] siHsp47-2 human
sense 5' GAGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUUU (SEQ ID 5' GAGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUdTdT
(SEQ hsp47 NO: 19) ID NO: 21) [698-717] [698-717] anti- 5'
AGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCUCUU (SEQ 5' AGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCUCdTdT (SEQ sense ID
NO: 20) ID NO: 22) [698-716] [698-716] siHsp47-2d human sense 5'
GAGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGCG 5' GAGCACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGdCdG hsp47 (SEQ
ID NO: 23) (SEQ ID NO: 25) [698-722] [698-722] anti- 5' 5' sense
CGCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCUCUU CGCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGCUCUU (SEQ ID NO:
24) (SEQ ID NO: 26) [698-722] [698-722] siHsp47-2d rat Gp46 sense
5' GAACACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGAG 5' GAACACUCCAAGAUCAACUUCCGdAdG rat
(SEQ ID NO: 27) (SEQ ID NO: 29) [587-611] [587-611] anti- 5' 5'
sense CUCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGUUCUU CUCGGAAGUUGAUCUUGGAGUGUUCUU (SEQ
ID NO: 28) (SEQ ID NO: 30) [587-611] [587-611] siHsp47-3 human
sense 5' CUGAGGCCAUUGACAAGAAUU (SEQ 5' CUGAGGCCAUUGACAAGAAdTdT (SEQ
hsp47 ID NO: 31) ID NO: 33) [1209-1227] [1209-1227] anti- 5'
UUCUUGUCAAUGGCCUCAGUU (SEQ 5' UUCUUGUCAAUGGCCUCAGdTdT (SEQ sense ID
NO: 32) ID NO: 34) [1209-1227] [1209-1227] siHsp47-3d human sense
5' CUGAGGCCAUUGACAAGAACAAGGC 5' hsp47 (SEQ ID NO: 35)
CUGAGGCCAUUGACAAGAACAAGdGdC [1209-1233] (SEQ ID NO: 37) [1209-1233]
anti- 5' 5' sense GCCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGGCCUCAGUU
GCCUUGUUCUUGUCAAUGGCCUCAGUU (SEQ ID NO: 36) (SEQ ID NO: 38)
[1209-1233] [1209-1233] siHsp47-4 human sense 5'
CUACGACGACGAGAAGGAAUU (SEQ 5' CUACGACGACGAGAAGGAAdTdT (SEQ hsp47 ID
NO: 39) ID NO: 41) [964-982] [964-982] anti- 5'
UUCCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAGUU (SEQ ID 5' UUCCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAGdTdT (SEQ sense
NO: 40) ID NO: 42) [964-982] [964-982] siHsp47-4d human sense 5'
CUACGACGACGAGAAGGAAAAGCUG 5' hsp47 (SEQ ID NO: 43)
CUACGACGACGAGAAGGAAAAGCdTdG [964-988] (SEQ ID NO: 45) [964-988]
anti- 5' 5' sense CAGCUUUUCCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAGUU
CAGCUUUUCCUUCUCGUCGUCGUAGUU (SEQ ID NO: 44) (SEQ ID NO: 46)
[964-988] [964-988] siHsp47-5 human sense 5' GCCACACUGGGAUGAGAAAUU
(SEQ 5' GCCACACUGGGAUGAGAAAdTdT (SEQ hsp47 ID NO: 47) ID NO: 49)
[850-870] [850-870] anti- 5' UUUCUCAUCCCAGUGUGGCUU (SEQ ID 5'
UUUCUCAUCCCAGUGUGGCdTdT (SEQ sense NO: 48) ID NO: 50) [850-868]
[850-868] siHsp47-6 human sense 5' GCAGCAAGCAGCACUACAAUU (SEQ ID 5'
GCAGCAAGCAGCACUACAAdTdT (SEQ hsp47 NO: 51) ID NO: 53) [675-693]
[675-693] anti- 5' UUGUAGUGCUGCUUGCUGCUU (SEQ 5'
UUGUAGUGCUGCUUGCUGCdTdT (SEQ sense ID NO: 52) ID NO: 54) [675-693]
[675-693] siHsp47-7 human sense 5' CCGUGGGUGUCAUGAUGAUUU (SEQ 5'
CCGUGGGUGUCAUGAUGAUdTdT (SEQ hsp47 ID NO: 55) ID NO: 57) [921-939]
[921-939] anti- 5' AUCAUCAUGACACCCACGGUU (SEQ ID 5'
AUCAUCAUGACACCCACGGdTdT (SEQ sense NO: 56) ID NO: 58) [921-939]
[921-939]
The contents of the articles, patents, and patent applications, and
all other documents and electronically available information
mentioned or cited herein, are hereby incorporated by reference in
their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication
was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by
reference.
Applicants reserve the right to physically incorporate into this
application any and all materials and information from any such
articles, patents, patent applications, or other physical and
electronic documents.
It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that varying
substitutions and modifications can be made to the invention
disclosed herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the
invention. Thus, such additional embodiments are within the scope
of the present invention and the following claims. The present
invention teaches one skilled in the art to test various
combinations and/or substitutions of chemical modifications
described herein toward generating nucleic acid constructs with
improved activity for mediating RNAi activity. Such improved
activity can include improved stability, improved bioavailability,
and/or improved activation of cellular responses mediating RNAi.
Therefore, the specific embodiments described herein are not
limiting and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that
specific combinations of the modifications described herein can be
tested without undue experimentation toward identifying nucleic
acid molecules with improved RNAi activity.
The inventions illustratively described herein may suitably be
practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or
limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example,
the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar referents in the
context of describing the invention (especially in the context of
the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the
singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or
clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising", "having,"
"including," containing", etc. shall be read expansively and
without limitation (e.g., meaning "including, but not limited
to,"). Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to
serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each
separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated
herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the
specification as if it were individually recited herein. All
methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order
unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted
by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language
(e.g., "such as") provided herein, is intended merely to better
illuminate the invention and docs not pose a limitation on the
scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the
specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed
element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein have been
used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no
intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any
equivalents of the features shown and described or portions
thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are
possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should
be understood that although the present invention has been
specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional
features, modification and variation of the inventions embodied
therein herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the
art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to
be within the scope of this invention.
The invention has been described broadly and generically herein.
Each of the narrower species and subgeneric groupings falling
within the generic disclosure also form part of the invention. This
includes the generic description of the invention with a proviso or
negative limitation removing any subject matter from the genus,
regardless of whether or not the excised material is specifically
recited herein. Other embodiments are within the following claims.
In addition, where features or aspects of the invention are
described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will
recognize that the invention is also thereby described in terms of
any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush
group.
SEQUENCE LISTINGS
0 SQTB SEQUENCE LISTING The patent contains a lengthy "Sequence
Listing" section. A copy of the "Sequence Listing" is available in
electronic form from the USPTO web site
(http://seqdata.uspto.gov/?pageRequest=docDetail&DocID=US08710209B2)-
. An electronic copy of the "Sequence Listing" will also be
available from the USPTO upon request and payment of the fee set
forth in 37 CFR 1.19(b)(3).
* * * * *
References