U.S. patent number 7,842,838 [Application Number 12/545,547] was granted by the patent office on 2010-11-30 for pyrro[1,2-b]pyridazinone intermediates.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Invention is credited to Peter Dragovich, David Kucera, Liansheng Li, Douglas Eric Murphy, Frank Ruebsam, Zhongxiang Sun, Chinh Viet Tran, Martin Tran, Stephen E. Webber.
United States Patent |
7,842,838 |
Webber , et al. |
November 30, 2010 |
Pyrro[1,2-b]pyridazinone intermediates
Abstract
The invention is directed to pyrro[1,2-b]pyridazinone compounds
and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds that are
useful in treating infections by hepatitis C virus.
Inventors: |
Webber; Stephen E. (San Diego,
CA), Ruebsam; Frank (San Diego, CA), Tran; Martin
(San Diego, CA), Dragovich; Peter (San Diego, CA), Li;
Liansheng (San Diego, CA), Murphy; Douglas Eric (San
Diego, CA), Kucera; David (Del Mar, CA), Sun;
Zhongxiang (San Diego, CA), Tran; Chinh Viet (San Diego,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(San Diego, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
38833773 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/545,547 |
Filed: |
August 21, 2009 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20090312570 A1 |
Dec 17, 2009 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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12266190 |
Nov 6, 2008 |
7582754 |
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11766697 |
Jun 21, 2007 |
7462611 |
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60815578 |
Jun 22, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
564/86;
564/81 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P
31/14 (20180101); A61P 31/00 (20180101); A61P
43/00 (20180101); A61P 31/12 (20180101); A61P
1/16 (20180101); C07D 487/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C07C
303/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;564/81,86 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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WO-01/85172 |
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Nov 2001 |
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WO |
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WO-02/098424 |
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Dec 2002 |
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WO |
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WO-03/059356 |
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Jul 2003 |
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WO |
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WO-2006115221 |
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Nov 2006 |
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WO |
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Other References
Goldfarb et al., Derivatives of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonamide,
(Journal of the American Chemical Society (1943), 65, 738-739.
cited by examiner .
Fisyuk et al., Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ones,
1,5,6,8,8a-Hexahydroisoquinolin-3(2H)-ones and
4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones by Intramolecular Wittig
Reaction. Molecules, Feb. 28, 2002, vol. 7, pp. 124-128. cited by
other .
Tedesco et al.,
3-(1,2,4)-benzothiadiazin-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinones,
Potent Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA
Polymerase, J. Med. Chem. 49:971-983 (2006). cited by other .
International Search Report PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/071826,
Oct. 15, 2007. cited by other .
Written Opinion of PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/071826, Oct. 15,
2007. cited by other .
Goldfarb et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 65,
738-739 (1943). cited by other .
Extended European Search Report, Apr. 13, 2010. cited by
other.
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Primary Examiner: Parsa; Jafar
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Connolly Bove Lodge & Hutz
LLP
Parent Case Text
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.
12/266,190 filed Nov. 6, 2008, which claims priority to application
Ser. No. 11/766,697, filed Jun. 21, 2007, which claims the benefit
of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/815,578, filed Jun. 22,
2006.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A compound selected from: ##STR00144## and tautomers
thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 having the following formula:
##STR00145##
3. The compound of claim 1 having the following formula:
##STR00146##
4. The compound of claim 1 having the following formula:
##STR00147##
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to pyrro[1,2-b]pyridazinone compounds and
pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds that are
useful in treating infections by hepatitis C virus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hepatitis C is a major health problem world-wide. The World Health
Organization estimates that 170 million people are chronic carriers
of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with 4 million carriers in the
United States alone. In the United States, HCV infection accounts
for 40% of chronic liver disease and HCV disease is the most common
cause for liver transplantation. HCV infection leads to a chronic
infection and about 70% of persons infected will develop chronic
histological changes in the liver (chronic hepatitis) with a 10-40%
risk of cirrhosis and an estimated 4% lifetime risk of
hepatocellular carcinoma. The CDC estimates that each year in the
United States there are 35,000 new cases of HCV infection and
approximately ten thousand deaths attributed to HCV disease.
The current standard of care is a pegylated interferon/ribavirin
combination at a cost of approximately $31,000/year. These drugs
have difficult dosing problems and side-effects that preclude their
use in almost half of diagnosed patients. Pegylated interferon
treatment is associated with menacing flu-like symptoms,
irritability, inability to concentrate, suicidal ideation, and
leukocytopenia. Ribavirin is associated with hemolytic anemia and
birth defects.
The overall response to this standard therapy is low; approximately
one third of patients do not respond. Of those who do respond, a
large fraction relapses within six months of completing 6-12 months
of therapy. As a consequence, the long-term response rate for all
patients entering treatment is only about 50%. The relatively low
response rate and the significant side-effects of current therapy
anti-HCV drug treatments, coupled with the negative long term
effects of chronic HCV infection, result in a continuing medical
need for improved therapy. Antiviral pharmaceuticals to treat RNA
virus diseases like HCV are few, and as described above are often
associated with multiple adverse effects.
A number of recent publications have described NS5B inhibitors
useful in the treatment of hepatitis C infection. See, e.g., U.S.
Patent Application Publication No. US 2006/0189602 (disclosing
certain pyridazinones); U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US
2006/0252785 (disclosing selected heterocyclics); and International
Publication Nos. WO 03/059356, WO 2002/098424, and WO 01/85172
(each describing a particular class of substituted
thiadiazines).
While there are, in some cases, medicines available to reduce
disease symptoms, there are few drugs to effectively inhibit
replication of the underlying virus. The significance and
prevalence of RNA virus diseases, including but not limited to
chronic infection by the hepatitis C virus, and coupled with the
limited availability and effectiveness of current antiviral
pharmaceuticals, have created a compelling and continuing need for
new pharmaceuticals to treat these diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention describes novel pyrro[1,2-b]pyridazinone
compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are
useful in treating or preventing a hepatitis C virus infection in a
patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient a
therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a
pyrro[1,2-b]pyridazinone compound.
In a general aspect, the invention relates to compounds of Formula
I
##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is independently 1-3 moieties selected
from hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, --NR.sup.8R.sup.9,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)NR.sup.8R.sup.9, --C(O)OH, --C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
aryl, or heterocyclyl 1, 2, or 3 N, O, or S atoms, wherein R.sup.8
and R.sup.9 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, or R.sup.8 and
R.sup.9 combine with the N atom to which they are attached to form
a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl ring, R.sup.2 is hydrogen,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, aryl, or heterocyclyl having 1, 2, or 3 N,
O, or S atoms, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
R.sup.4 is selected from
##STR00002## wherein n is 0, 1, or 2, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sup.6 is hydrogen, halo, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, and Ring A is 5 or 6-membered aryl or
heterocyclyl, optionally substituted by 1-3 R.sup.7 moieties,
wherein R.sup.7 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl,
halo, cyano, nitro, OH, --O-alkyl, --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
hydroxyalkyl), --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy), --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-cyano, --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-C(O)R.sup.10,
--OCHR.sup.10C(O)O--R.sup.11, --OCHR.sup.10C(O)NHOH,
--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)-C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 allylene)-NR.sup.10C(O)R.sup.11,
--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10C(O)OR.sup.11,
--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--OCHR.sup.10C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S(O)R.sup.10, --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)-S(O).sub.2R.sup.10, --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11,
--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-S(O).sub.2R.sup.10,
--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-S(O).sub.2R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S(O)R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-C(O)R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10C(O)R.sup.11,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2R.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10C(O)OR.sup.11,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-C(O)OR.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--NR.sup.11C(O)R.sup.12, --NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --C(O)R.sup.10,
--S(O)R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.10, or
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, wherein R.sup.10, R.sup.11, and
R.sup.12 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, or R.sup.10 and
R.sup.11 or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 combine with the atom(s) to which
they are attached to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl ring,
wherein the above alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or
heterocyclyl moieties provided in R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.7,
R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, and R.sup.12 are each
optionally and independently substituted by 1-3 substituents
selected from alkylamine, amino, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylamine,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 dialkylamine, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, or
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, wherein each of which may be interrupted
by one or more hetero atoms, carboxyl, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
oxo, --C(O)OH, --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl), --C(O).sub.2-(aryl),
--C(O).sub.2-(heterocyclyl), --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)aryl, --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)heterocyclyl, --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)cycloalkyl, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--C(O)(C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl), --C(O)(aryl),
--C(O)(heterocyclyl), --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)aryl,
--C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)heterocyclyl, and
--C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)cycloalkyl, wherein each of the above
optional substituents can be further optionally substituted by 1-5
substituents selected from amino, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylamine, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 dialkylamine,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkenyl, and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl, wherein each alkyl is
optionally substituted by one or more halo substituents, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, tautomer or
stereoisomer thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula I
wherein R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, halo, cyano, hydroxyl,
--NR.sup.8R.sup.9, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)NR.sup.8R.sup.9, --C(O)OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.8R.sup.9,
--C(O)R.sup.8, aryl, or heterocyclyl having 1, 2, or 3 N, O, or S
atoms, wherein R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, or
heterocyclyl, or R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 combine with the N atom to
which they are attached to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl
ring.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of
Formula I wherein R.sup.1 is selected from
##STR00003## wherein R.sup.13, R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are
independently selected from hydrogen, alkylamine, amino, aryl,
cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkoxy, carboxyl, cyano, halo, and hydroxyl, or R.sup.13 and
R.sup.14 combine with the N atom to which they are attached to form
a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl ring.
In a further embodiment, R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, fluoro,
cyano, and methyl.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula I
wherein R.sup.2 is selected from C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heterocyclyl
having 1, 2, or 3 N, O, or S atoms, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl moieties are each
optionally and independently substituted by 1-3 substituents
selected from aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylamine,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, wherein each
of which may be interrupted by one or more hetero atoms and
optionally substituted by cyano or halo.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of
Formula I wherein R.sup.2 is selected from
##STR00004## ##STR00005## ##STR00006## wherein X is O or S and n=0,
1, or 2.
In a further embodiment, R.sup.2 is selected from
##STR00007##
In yet another embodiment R.sup.2 is selected from
##STR00008##
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula I
wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from
hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula I
wherein R.sup.6 is selected from hydrogen, fluoro, methyl, and
ethyl.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula I
wherein n is 2.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula I
wherein Ring A is selected from
##STR00009## wherein X is S, O, NH, or --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).
In another embodiment, Ring A is selected from
##STR00010##
In a further embodiment, Ring A is
##STR00011## wherein R.sup.7 is hydrogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S(O)R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S(O).sub.2R.sup.10, --NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, or
--NR.sup.10S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12.
In a further embodiment, R.sup.7 is selected from
##STR00012## ##STR00013## ##STR00014## wherein n is an integer from
0 to 6, m is an integer from 1 to 6, R.sup.16, R.sup.17, and
R.sup.18 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heterocyclyl, or
R.sup.16 and R.sup.17 or R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 combine with the
atom(s) to which they are attached to form a 5- or 6-membered
heterocyclyl ring, R.sup.19 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl --S(O).sub.2R.sup.10, or
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, wherein R.sup.10, R.sup.11, and
R.sup.12 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, or
R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 combine with the N atom to which they are
attached to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl ring.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds selected
from
##STR00015## ##STR00016## ##STR00017## ##STR00018##
The invention is also directed to pharmaceutically acceptable
salts, hydrates, and solvates of the compounds of Formula I.
Advantageous methods of making the compounds of Formula I are also
described.
In one aspect, the invention encompasses a method for treating or
preventing hepatitis C virus infection in a mammal in need thereof,
preferably in a human in need thereof, comprising administering to
the patient a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount
of a Formula I compound. In one embodiment, the invention
encompasses a method for treating or preventing hepatitis C virus
infection by administering to a patient in need thereof a
therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a Formula I
compound that is an inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase.
In another aspect, the invention encompasses a method for treating
or preventing hepatitis C virus infection in a patient in need
thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically
or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula I and
a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, or vehicle.
In another aspect, the invention encompasses a method for treating
or preventing hepatitis C virus infection in a patient in need
thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically
or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula I and
an additional therapeutic agent, preferably an additional antiviral
agent or an immunomodulatory agent.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Where the following terms are used in this specification, they are
used as defined below:
The terms "comprising," "having" and "including" are used herein in
their open, non-limiting sense.
The term "alkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated,
includes saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having straight,
branched, or cyclic moieties (including fused and bridged bicyclic
and spirocyclic moieties), or a combination of the foregoing
moieties. For an alkyl group to have cyclic moieties, the group
must have at least three carbon atoms.
The term "alkylene", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated,
includes a divalent radical derived from alkyl, as exemplified by
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.
The term "alkenyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated,
includes alkyl moieties having at least one carbon-carbon double
bond wherein alkyl is as defined above and including E and Z
isomers of said alkenyl moiety.
The term "alkynyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated,
includes alkyl moieties having at least one carbon-carbon triple
bond wherein alkyl is as defined above.
The term "alkoxy", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated,
includes O-alkyl groups wherein alkyl is as defined above.
The term "Me" means methyl, "Et" means ethyl, and "Ac" means
acetyl.
The term "cycloalkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated
refers to a non-aromatic, saturated or partially saturated,
monocyclic or fused, spiro or unfused bicyclic or tricyclic
hydrocarbon referred to herein containing a total of from 3 to 10
carbon atoms, preferably 5-8 ring carbon atoms. Exemplary
cycloalkyls include monocyclic rings having from 3-7, preferably
3-6, carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like. Illustrative examples of
cycloalkyl are derived from, but not limited to, the following:
##STR00019##
The term "aryl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated,
includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by
removal of one hydrogen, such as phenyl or naphthyl.
The term "heterocyclic" or "heterocyclyl", as used herein, unless
otherwise indicated, includes aromatic (e.g., heteroaryls) and
non-aromatic heterocyclic groups containing one to four heteroatoms
each selected from O, S and N, wherein each heterocyclic group has
from 4-10 atoms in its ring system, and with the proviso that the
ring of said group does not contain two adjacent O atoms.
Non-aromatic heterocyclic groups include groups having only 3 atoms
in their ring system, but aromatic heterocyclic groups must have at
least 5 atoms in their ring system. The heterocyclic groups include
benzo-fused ring systems. An example of a 4 membered heterocyclic
group is azetidinyl (derived from azetidine). An example of a 5
membered heterocyclic group is thiazolyl and an example of a 10
membered heterocyclic group is quinolinyl. Examples of non-aromatic
heterocyclic groups are pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,
dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl,
dihydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidino, morpholino,
thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl,
thietanyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl,
diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl,
3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl,
1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl,
dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinyl,
imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl,
3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, 3H-indolyl and quinolizinyl. Examples
of aromatic heterocyclic groups are pyridinyl, imidazolyl,
pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl,
thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl,
quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl,
cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl,
triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl,
thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl,
naphthyridinyl, and furopyridinyl. The foregoing groups, as derived
from the groups listed above, may be C-attached or N-attached where
such is possible. For instance, a group derived from pyrrole may be
pyrrol-1-yl (N-attached) or pyrrol-3-yl (C-attached). Further, a
group derived from imidazole may be imidazol-1-yl (N-attached) or
imidazol-3-yl (C-attached). The 4-10 membered heterocyclic may be
optionally substituted on any ring carbon, sulfur, or nitrogen
atom(s) by one to two oxo, per ring. An example of a heterocyclic
group wherein 2 ring carbon atoms are substituted with oxo moieties
is 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl. Other illustrative examples of 4-10
membered heterocyclic are derived from, but not limited to, the
following:
##STR00020##
Unless defined otherwise, "alkyl," "alkylene," "alkenyl,"
"alkynyl," "aryl," "cycloalkyl," or "heterocyclyl" are each
optionally and independently substituted by 1-3 substituents
selected from alkylamine, amino, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylamine,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 dialkylamine, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, or
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, wherein each of which may be interrupted
by one or more hetero atoms, carboxyl, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
--C(O)OH, --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl), --C(O).sub.2-(aryl),
--C(O).sub.2-(heterocyclyl), --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)aryl, --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)heterocyclyl, --C(O).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)cycloalkyl, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--C(O)(C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl), --C(O)(aryl),
--C(O)(heterocyclyl), --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)aryl,
--C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)heterocyclyl, and
--C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)cycloalkyl, wherein each of these
optional substituents can be further optionally substituted by 1-5
substituents selected from amino, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylamine, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 dialkylamine,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkenyl, and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl, wherein each alkyl is
optionally substituted by one or more halo substituents, e.g.,
CF.sub.3.
The term "immunomodulator" refers to natural or synthetic products
capable of modifying the normal or aberrant immune system through
stimulation or suppression.
The term "preventing" refers to the ability of a compound or
composition of the invention to prevent a disease identified herein
in patients diagnosed as having the disease or who are at risk of
developing such disease. The term also encompasses preventing
further progression of the disease in patients who are already
suffering from or have symptoms of such disease.
The term "patient" or "subject" means an animal (e.g., cow, horse,
sheep, pig, chicken, turkey, quail, cat, dog, mouse, rat, rabbit,
guinea pig, etc.) or a mammal, including chimeric and transgenic
animals and mammals. In the treatment or prevention of HCV
infection, the term "patient" or "subject" preferably means a
monkey or a human, most preferably a human. In a specific
embodiment the patient or subject is infected by or exposed to the
hepatitis C virus. In certain embodiments, the patient is a human
infant (age 0-2), child (age 2-17), adolescent (age 12-17), adult
(age 18 and up) or geriatric (age 70 and up) patient. In addition,
the patient includes immunocompromised patients such as HIV
positive patients, cancer patients, patients undergoing
immunotherapy or chemotherapy. In a particular embodiment, the
patient is a healthy individual, i.e., not displaying symptoms of
other viral infections.
The term a "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount
of the compound of the invention sufficient to provide a benefit in
the treatment or prevention of viral disease, to delay or minimize
symptoms associated with viral infection or viral-induced disease,
or to cure or ameliorate the disease or infection or cause thereof.
In particular, a therapeutically effective amount means an amount
sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in vivo. Used in
connection with an amount of a compound of the invention, the term
preferably encompasses a non-toxic amount that improves overall
therapy, reduces or avoids symptoms or causes of disease, or
enhances the therapeutic efficacy of or synergies with another
therapeutic agent.
The term a "prophylactically effective amount" refers to an amount
of a compound of the invention or other active ingredient
sufficient to result in the prevention of infection, recurrence or
spread of viral infection. A prophylactically effective amount may
refer to an amount sufficient to prevent initial infection or the
recurrence or spread of the infection or a disease associated with
the infection. Used in connection with an amount of a compound of
the invention, the term preferably encompasses a non-toxic amount
that improves overall prophylaxis or enhances the prophylactic
efficacy of or synergies with another prophylactic or therapeutic
agent.
The term "in combination" refers to the use of more than one
prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents simultaneously or
sequentially and in a manner that their respective effects are
additive or synergistic.
The term "treating" refers to:
(i) preventing a disease, disorder, or condition from occurring in
an animal that may be predisposed to the disease, disorder and/or
condition, but has not yet been diagnosed as having it;
(ii) inhibiting the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e.,
arresting its development; and
(iii) relieving the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e., causing
regression of the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
The terms "R" and "S" indicate the specific stereochemical
configuration of a substituent at an asymmetric carbon atom in a
chemical structure as drawn.
The term "rac" indicates that a compound is a racemate, which is
defined as an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers. A "rac"
compound does not exhibit optical activity. The chemical name or
formula of a racemate is distinguished from those of the
enantiomers by the prefix (.+-.)- or rac- (or racem-) or by the
symbols RS and SR.
The compounds of the invention may exhibit the phenomenon of
tautomerism. While Formula I cannot expressly depict all possible
tautomeric forms, it is to be understood that Formula I is intended
to represent any tautomeric form of the depicted compound and is
not to be limited merely to a specific compound form depicted by
the formula drawings. For illustration, and in no way limiting the
range of tautomers, the compounds of Formula I may exist as the
following:
##STR00021##
Some of the inventive compounds may exist as single stereoisomers
(i.e., essentially free of other stereoisomers), racemates, and/or
mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers. All such single
stereoisomers, racemates and mixtures thereof are intended to be
within the scope of the present invention. Preferably, the
inventive compounds that are optically active are used in optically
pure form.
As generally understood by those skilled in the art, an optically
pure compound having one chiral center (i.e., one asymmetric carbon
atom) is one that consists essentially of one of the two possible
enantiomers (i.e., is enantiomerically pure), and an optically pure
compound having more than one chiral center is one that is both
diastereomerically pure and enantiomerically pure. Preferably, the
compounds of the present invention are used in a form that is at
least 90% free of other enantiomers or diastereomers of the
compounds, that is, a form that contains at least 90% of a single
isomer (80% enantiomeric excess ("e.e.") or diastereomeric excess
("d.e.")), more preferably at least 95% (90% e.e. or d.e.), even
more preferably at least 97.5% (95% e.e. or d.e.), and most
preferably at least 99% (98% e.e. or d.e.).
Additionally, the Formula I is intended to cover solvated as well
as unsolvated forms of the identified structures. For example,
Formula I includes compounds of the indicated structure in both
hydrated and non-hydrated forms. Other examples of solvates include
the structures in combination with isopropanol, ethanol, methanol,
DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, or ethanolamine.
In addition to compounds of Formula I, the invention includes
pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, pharmaceutically active
metabolites, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such
compounds and metabolites.
"A pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug" is a compound that may be
converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to the
specified compound or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such
compound prior to exhibiting its pharmacological effect (s).
Typically, the prodrug is formulated with the objective(s) of
improved chemical stability, improved patient acceptance and
compliance, improved bioavailability, prolonged duration of action,
improved organ selectivity, improved formulation (e.g., increased
hydrosolubility), and/or decreased side effects (e.g., toxicity).
The prodrug can be readily prepared from the compounds of Formula I
using methods known in the art, such as those described by Burger's
Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Chemistry, 1, 172-178, 949-982 (1995).
See also Bertolini et al., J. Med. Chem., 40, 2011-2016 (1997);
Shan, et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 86 (7), 765-767; Bagshawe, Drug Dev.
Res., 34, 220-230 (1995); Bodor, Advances in Drug Res., 13, 224-331
(1984); Bundgaard, Design of Prodrugs (Elsevier Press 1985);
Larsen, Design and Application of Prodrugs, Drug Design and
Development (Krogsgaard-Larsen et al., eds., Harwood Academic
Publishers, 1991); Dear et al., J. Chromatogr. B, 748, 281-293
(2000); Spraul et al., J. Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis,
10, 601-605 (1992); and Prox et al., Xenobiol., 3, 103-112
(1992).
"A pharmaceutically active metabolite" is intended to mean a
pharmacologically active product produced through metabolism in the
body of a specified compound or salt thereof. After entry into the
body, most drugs are substrates for chemical reactions that may
change their physical properties and biologic effects. These
metabolic conversions, which usually affect the polarity of the
Formula I compounds, alter the way in which drugs are distributed
in and excreted from the body. However, in some cases, metabolism
of a drug is required for therapeutic effect. For example,
anticancer drugs of the anti-metabolite class must be converted to
their active forms after they have been transported into a cancer
cell.
Since most drugs undergo metabolic transformation of some kind, the
biochemical reactions that play a role in drug metabolism may be
numerous and diverse. The main site of drug metabolism is the
liver, although other tissues may also participate.
A feature characteristic of many of these transformations is that
the metabolic products, or "metabolites," are more polar than the
parent drugs, although a polar drug does sometime yield a less
polar product. Substances with high lipid/water partition
coefficients, which pass easily across membranes, also diffuse back
readily from tubular urine through the renal tubular cells into the
plasma. Thus, such substances tend to have a low renal clearance
and a long persistence in the body. If a drug is metabolized to a
more polar compound, one with a lower partition coefficient, its
tubular reabsorption will be greatly reduced. Moreover, the
specific secretory mechanisms for anions and cations in the
proximal renal tubules and in the parenchymal liver cells operate
upon highly polar substances.
As a specific example, phenacetin (acetophenetidin) and acetanilide
are both mild analgesic and antipyretic agents, but are transformed
within the body to a more polar and more effective metabolite,
p-hydroxyacetanilide (acetaminophen), which is widely used today.
When a dose of acetanilide is given to a person, the successive
metabolites peak and decay in the plasma sequentially. During the
first hour, acetanilide is the principal plasma component. In the
second hour, as the acetanilide level falls, the metabolite
acetaminophen concentration reaches a peak. Finally, after a few
hours, the principal plasma component is a further metabolite that
is inert and can be excreted from the body. Thus, the plasma
concentrations of one or more metabolites, as well as the drug
itself, can be pharmacologically important.
"A pharmaceutically acceptable salt" is intended to mean a salt
that retains the biological effectiveness of the free acids and
bases of the specified compound and that is not biologically or
otherwise undesirable. A compound of the invention may possess a
sufficiently acidic, a sufficiently basic, or both functional
groups, and accordingly react with any of a number of inorganic or
organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Exemplary pharmaceutically
acceptable salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the
compounds of the present invention with a mineral or organic acid
or an inorganic base, such as salts including sulfates,
pyrosulfates, bisulfates, sulfites, bisulfites, phosphates,
monohydrogenphosphates, dihydrogenphosphates, metaphosphates,
pyrophosphates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, acetates,
propionates, decanoates, caprylates, acrylates, formates,
isobutyrates, caproates, heptanoates, propiolates, oxalates,
malonates, succinates, suberates, sebacates, fumarates, maleates,
butyne-1,4-dioates, hexyne-1,6-dioates, benzoates, chlorobenzoates,
methylbenzoates, dinitrobenzoates, hydroxybenzoates,
methoxybenzoates, phthalates, sulfonates, xylenesulfonates,
phenylacetates, phenylpropionates, phenylbutyrates, citrates,
lactates, .gamma.-hydroxybutyrates, glycolates, tartrates,
methane-sulfonates, propanesulfonates, naphthalene-1-sulfonates,
naphthalene-2-sulfonates, and mandelates.
If the inventive compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically
acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in
the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic
acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid,
nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid,
such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid,
fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic
acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid
or galacturonic acid, an .alpha.-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid
or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic
acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a
sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic
acid, or the like.
If the inventive compound is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically
acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for
example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic
base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), an alkali
metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like.
Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts
derived from amino acids, such as glycine and arginine, ammonia,
primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as
piperidine, morpholine and piperazine, and inorganic salts derived
from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron,
copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
In the case of agents that are solids, it is understood by those
skilled in the art that the inventive compounds and salts may exist
in different crystal or polymorphic forms, all of which are
intended to be within the scope of the present invention and
specified formulas.
Methods of Treatment and Prevention of Hepatitis C Viral
Infections
The present invention provides methods for treating or preventing a
hepatitis C virus infection in a patient in need thereof.
The present invention further provides methods for introducing a
therapeutically effective amount of the Formula I compound or
combination of such compounds into the blood stream of a patient in
the treatment and/or prevention of hepatitis C viral
infections.
The magnitude of a prophylactic or therapeutic dose of a Formula I
compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
solvate, or hydrate, thereof in the acute or chronic treatment or
prevention of an infection will vary, however, with the nature and
severity of the infection, and the route by which the active
ingredient is administered. The dose, and in some cases the dose
frequency, will also vary according to the infection to be treated,
the age, body weight, and response of the individual patient.
Suitable dosing regimens can be readily selected by those skilled
in the art with due consideration of such factors.
The methods of the present invention are particularly well suited
for human patients. In particular, the methods and doses of the
present invention can be useful for immunocompromised patients
including, but not limited to cancer patients, HIV infected
patients, and patients with an immunodegenerative disease.
Furthermore, the methods can be useful for immunocompromised
patients currently in a state of remission. The methods and doses
of the present invention are also useful for patients undergoing
other antiviral treatments. The prevention methods of the present
invention are particularly useful for patients at risk of viral
infection. These patients include, but are not limited to health
care workers, e.g., doctors, nurses, hospice care givers; military
personnel; teachers; childcare workers; patients traveling to, or
living in, foreign locales, in particular third world locales
including social aid workers, missionaries, and foreign diplomats.
Finally, the methods and compositions include the treatment of
refractory patients or patients resistant to treatment such as
resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease
inhibitors, etc.
Doses
Toxicity and efficacy of the compounds of the invention can be
determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures
or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD.sub.50 (the
dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED.sub.50 (the dose
therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio
between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and
it can be expressed as the ratio LD.sub.50/ED.sub.50.
The data obtained from the cell culture assays and animal studies
can be used in formulating a range of dosage of the compounds for
use in humans. The dosage of such compounds lie preferably within a
range of circulating concentrations that include the ED.sub.50 with
little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range
depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of
administration utilized. For any compound used in the method of the
invention, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated
initially from cell culture assays. A dose may be formulated in
animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range
that includes the IC.sub.50 (i.e., the concentration of the test
compound that achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as
determined in cell culture; alternatively, the dose of the Formula
I compound may be formulated in animal models to achieve a
circulating plasma concentration range of the compound that
corresponds to the concentration required to achieve a fixed
magnitude of response. Such information can be used to more
accurately determine useful doses in humans. Levels in plasma may
be measured, for example, by high performance liquid
chromatography.
The protocols and compositions of the invention are preferably
tested in vitro, and then in vivo, for the desired therapeutic or
prophylactic activity, prior to use in humans. For example, in
vitro assays which can be used to determine whether administration
of a specific therapeutic protocol is indicated, include in vitro
cell culture assays in which cells that are responsive to the
effects of the Formula I compounds are exposed to the ligand and
the magnitude of response is measured by an appropriate technique.
The assessment of the Formula I compound is then evaluated with
respect to the Formula I compound potency, and the degree of
conversion of the Formula I compound prodrug. Compounds for use in
methods of the invention can be tested in suitable animal model
systems prior to testing in humans, including but not limited to in
rats, mice, chicken, cows, monkeys, rabbits, hamsters, etc. The
compounds can then be used in the appropriate clinical trials.
The magnitude of a prophylactic or therapeutic dose of a prodrug of
a Formula I compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof in the acute or
chronic treatment or prevention of an infection or condition will
vary with the nature and severity of the infection, and the route
by which the active ingredient is administered. The dose, and
perhaps the dose frequency, will also vary according to the
infection to be treated, the age, body weight, and response of the
individual patient. Suitable dosing regimens can be readily
selected by those skilled in the art with due consideration of such
factors. In one embodiment, the dose administered depends upon the
specific compound to be used, and the weight and condition of the
patient. Also, the dose may differ for various particular Formula I
compounds; suitable doses can be predicted on the basis of the
aforementioned in vitro measurements and on the basis of animal
studies, such that smaller doses will be suitable for those Formula
I compounds that show effectiveness at lower concentrations than
other Formula I compounds when measured in the systems described or
referenced herein. In general, the dose per day is in the range of
from about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 1 to 25 mg/kg, more
preferably about 5 to 15 mg/kg. For treatment of humans infected by
hepatitis C viruses, about 0.1 mg to about 15 g per day is
administered in about one to four divisions a day, preferably 100
mg to 12 g per day, more preferably from 100 mg to 8000 mg per
day.
Additionally, the recommended daily dose ran can be administered in
cycles as single agents or in combination with other therapeutic
agents. In one embodiment, the daily dose is administered in a
single dose or in equally divided doses. In a related embodiment,
the recommended daily dose can be administered once time per week,
two times per week, three times per week, four times per week or
five times per week.
In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention are administered
to provide systemic distribution of the compound within the
patient. In a related embodiment, the compounds of the invention
are administered to produce a systemic effect in the body.
In another embodiment the compounds of the invention are
administered via oral, mucosal (including sublingual, buccal,
rectal, nasal, or vaginal), parenteral (including subcutaneous,
intramuscular, bolus injection, intraarterial, or intravenous),
transdermal, or topical administration. In a specific embodiment
the compounds of the invention are administered via mucosal
(including sublingual, buccal, rectal, nasal, or vaginal),
parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, bolus injection,
intraarterial, or intravenous), transdermal, or topical
administration. In a further specific embodiment, the compounds of
the invention are administered via oral administration. In a
further specific embodiment, the compounds of the invention are not
administered via oral administration.
Different therapeutically effective amounts may be applicable for
different infections, as will be readily known by those of ordinary
skill in the art. Similarly, amounts sufficient to treat or prevent
such infections, but insufficient to cause, or sufficient to
reduce, adverse effects associated with conventional therapies are
also encompassed by the above described dosage amounts and dose
frequency schedules.
Combination Therapy
Specific methods of the invention further comprise the
administration of an additional therapeutic agent (i.e., a
therapeutic agent other than a compound of the invention). In
certain embodiments of the present invention, the compounds of the
invention can be used in combination with at least one other
therapeutic agent. Therapeutic agents include, but are not limited
to antibiotics, antiemetic agents, antidepressants, and antifungal
agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antiviral agents, anticancer
agents, immunomodulatory agents, .alpha.-interferons,
.beta.-interferons, ribavirin, alkylating agents, hormones,
cytokines, or toll receptor-like modulators. In one embodiment the
invention encompasses the administration of an additional
therapeutic agent that is HCV specific or demonstrates anti-HCV
activity.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with antibiotics. For example, they can
be formulated with a macrolide (e.g., tobramycin (Tobi.RTM.)), a
cephalosporin (e.g., cephalexin (Keflex.RTM.), cephradine
(Velosef.RTM.), cefuroxime (Ceftin.RTM.), cefprozil (Cefzil.RTM.),
cefaclor (Ceclor.RTM.), cefixime (Suprax.RTM.) or cefadroxil
(Duricef.RTM.)), a clarithromycin (e.g., clarithromycin
(Biaxin.RTM.)), an erythromycin (e.g. erythromycin (EMycin.RTM.)),
a penicillin (e.g., penicillin V (V-Cillin K.RTM. or Pen Vee
K.RTM.)) or a quinolone (e.g., ofloxacin (Floxin.RTM.),
ciprofloxacin (Cipro.RTM.) or norfloxacin (Noroxin.RTM.)),
aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., apramycin, arbekacin,
bambermycins, butirosin, dibekacin, neomycin, neomycin,
undecylenate, netilmicin, paromomycin, ribostamycin, sisomicin, and
spectinomycin), amphenicol antibiotics (e.g., azidamfenicol,
chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol), ansamycin
antibiotics (e.g., rifamide and rifampin), carbacephems (e.g.,
loracarbef), carbapenems (e.g., biapenem and imipenem),
cephalosporins (e.g., cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefamandole,
cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, and
cefpirome), cephamycins (e.g., cefbuperazone, cefinetazole, and
cefminox), monobactams (e.g., aztreonam, carumonam, and tigemonam),
oxacephems (e.g. flomoxef, and moxalactam), penicillins (e.g.,
amdinocillin, amdinocillin pivoxil, amoxicillin, bacampicillin,
benzylpenicillinic acid, benzylpenicillin sodium, epicillin,
fenbenicillin, floxacillin, penamccillin, penethamate hydriodide,
penicillin o-benethamine, penicillin 0, penicillin V, penicillin V
benzathine, penicillin V hydrabamine, penimepicycline, and
phencihicillin potassium), lincosamides (e.g., clindamycin, and
lincomycin), amphomycin, bacitracin, capreomycin, colistin,
enduracidin, enviomycin, tetracyclines (e.g., apicycline,
chlortetracycline, clomocycline, and demeclocycline),
2,4-diaminopyrimidines (e.g., brodimoprim), nitrofurans (e.g.,
furaltadone, and furazolium chloride), quinolones and analogs
thereof (e.g., cinoxacin, clinafloxacin, flumequine, and
grepagloxacin), sulfonamides (e.g., acetyl sulfamethoxypyrazine,
benzylsulfamide, noprylsulfamide, phthalylsulfacetamide,
sulfachrysoidine, and sulfacytine), sulfones (e.g.,
diathymosulfone, glucosulfone sodium, and solasulfone),
cycloserine, mupirocin and tuberin.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can also be administered
or formulated in combination with an antiemetic agent. Suitable
antiemetic agents include, but are not limited to, metoclopromide,
domperidone, prochlorperazine, promethazine, chlorpromazine,
trimethobenzamide, ondansetron, granisetron, hydroxyzine,
acethylleucine monoethanolamine, alizapride, azasetron,
benzquinamide, bietanautine, bromopride, buclizine, clebopride,
cyclizine, dimenhydrinate, diphenidol, dolasetron, meclizine,
methallatal, metopimazine, nabilone, oxyperndyl, pipamazine,
scopolamine, sulpiride, tetrahydrocannabinols, thiethylperazine,
thioproperazine, tropisetron, and mixtures thereof.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an antidepressant. Suitable
antidepressants include, but are not limited to, binedaline,
caroxazone, citalopram, dimethazan, fencamine, indalpine,
indeloxazine hydrocholoride, nefopam, nomifensine, oxitriptan,
oxypertine, paroxetine, sertraline, thiazesim, trazodone,
benmoxine, iproclozide, iproniazid, isocarboxazid, nialamide,
octamoxin, phenelzine, cotinine, rolicyprine, rolipram,
maprotiline, metralindole, mianserin, mirtazepine, adinazolam,
amitriptyline, amitriptylinoxide, amoxapine, butriptyline,
clomipramine, demexiptiline, desipramine, dibenzepin, dimetacrine,
dothiepin, doxepin, fluacizine, imipramine, imipramine N-oxide,
iprindole, lofepramine, melitracen, metapramine, nortriptyline,
noxiptilin, opipramol, pizotyline, propizepine, protriptyline,
quinupramine, tianeptine, trimipramine, adrafinil, benactyzine,
bupropion, butacetin, dioxadrol, duloxetine, etoperidone,
febarbamate, femoxetine, fenpentadiol, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine,
hematoporphyrin, hypericin, levophacetoperane, medifoxamine,
milnacipran, minaprine, moclobemide, nefazodone, oxaflozane,
piberaline, prolintane, pyrisuccideanol, ritanserin, roxindole,
rubidium chloride, sulpiride, tandospirone, thozalinone, tofenacin,
toloxatone, tranylcypromine, L-tryptophan, venlafaxine, viloxazine,
and zimeldine.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an antifungal agent. Suitable
antifungal agents include but are not limited to amphotericin B,
itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, intrathecal, flucytosine,
miconazole, butoconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, terconazole,
tioconazole, ciclopirox, econazole, haloprogrin, naftifine,
terbinafine, undecylenate, and griseofulvin.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an anti-inflammatory agent. Useful
anti-inflammatory agents include, but are not limited to,
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as salicylic acid,
acetylsalicylic acid, methyl salicylate, diflunisal, salsalate,
olsalazine, sulfasalazine, acetaminophen, indomethacin, sulindac,
etodolac, mefenamic acid, meclofenamate sodium, tolmetin,
ketorolac, dichlofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, naproxen sodium,
fenoprofen, ketoprofen, flurbinprofen, oxaprozin, piroxicam,
meloxicam, ampiroxicam, droxicam, pivoxicam, tenoxicam, nabumetome,
phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, antipyrine, aminopyrine, apazone
and nimesulide; leukotriene antagonists including, but not limited
to, zileuton, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate and
auranofin; steroids including, but not limited to, alclometasone
diproprionate, amcinonide, beclomethasone dipropionate,
betametasone, betamethasone benzoate, betamethasone diproprionate,
betamethasone sodium phosphate, betamethasone valerate, clobetasol
proprionate, clocortolone pivalate, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone
derivatives, desonide, desoximatasone, dexamethasone, flunisolide,
flucoxinolide, flurandrenolide, halcinocide, medrysone,
methylprednisolone, methprednisolone acetate, methylprednisolone
sodium succinate, mometasone furoate, paramethasone acetate,
prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, prednisolone sodium phosphate,
prednisolone tebuatate, prednisone, triamcinolone, triamcinolone
acetonide, triamcinolone diacetate, and triamcinolone hexacetonide;
and other anti-inflammatory agents including, but not limited to,
methotrexate, colchicine, allopurinol, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone
and benzbromarone.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with another antiviral agent. Useful
antiviral agents include, but are not limited to, protease
inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nucleoside
analogs. The antiviral agents include but are not limited to
zidovudine, acyclovir, gangcyclovir, vidarabine, idoxuridine,
trifluridine, levovirin, viramidine and ribavirin, as well as
foscarnet, amantadine, rimantadine, saquinavir, indinavir,
amprenavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, the .alpha.-interferons;
.beta.-interferons; adefovir, clevadine, entecavir, pleconaril.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an immunomodulatory agent.
Immunomodulatory agents include, but are not limited to,
methothrexate, leflunomide, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A,
mycophenolate mofetil, rapamycin (sirolimus), mizoribine,
deoxyspergualin, brequinar, malononitriloamindes (e.g.,
leflunamide), T cell receptor modulators, and cytokine receptor
modulators, peptide mimetics, and antibodies (e.g., human,
humanized, chimeric, monoclonal, polyclonal, Fvs, ScFvs, Fab or
F(ab).sub.2 fragments or epitope binding fragments), nucleic acid
molecules (e.g., antisense nucleic acid molecules and triple
helices), small molecules, organic compounds, and inorganic
compounds. Examples of T cell receptor modulators include, but are
not limited to, anti-T cell receptor antibodies (e.g., anti-CD4
antibodies (e.g., cM-T412 (Boehringer), IDEC-CE9.1.RTM. (IDEC and
SKB), mAB 4162W94, Orthoclone and OKTcdr4a (Janssen-Cilag)),
anti-CD3 antibodies (e.g., Nuvion (Product Design Labs), OKT3
(Johnson & Johnson), or Rituxan (IDEC)), anti-CD5 antibodies
(e.g., an anti-CD5 ricin-linked immunoconjugate), anti-CD7
antibodies (e.g., CHH-380 (Novartis)), anti-CD8 antibodies,
anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibodies (e.g., IDEC-131 (IDEC)),
anti-CD52 antibodies (e.g., CAMPATH 1H (Ilex)), anti-CD2
antibodies, anti-CD11a antibodies (e.g., Xanelim (Genentech)),
anti-B7 antibodies (e.g., IDEC-114 (IDEC)), CTLA4-immunoglobulin,
and toll receptor-like (TLR) modulators. Examples of cytokine
receptor modulators include, but are not limited to, soluble
cytokine receptors (e.g., the extracellular domain of a TNF-.alpha.
receptor or a fragment thereof, the extracellular domain of an
IL-1.beta. receptor or a fragment thereof, and the extracellular
domain of an IL-6 receptor or a fragment thereof), cytokines or
fragments thereof (e.g., interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5,
IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-.alpha.,
interferon (IFN)-.alpha., IFN-.beta., IFN-.gamma., and GM-CSF),
anti-cytokine receptor antibodies (e.g., anti-IFN receptor
antibodies, anti-IL-2 receptor antibodies (e.g., Zenapax (Protein
Design Labs)), anti-IL-4 receptor antibodies, anti-IL-6 receptor
antibodies, anti-IL-10 receptor antibodies, and anti-IL-12 receptor
antibodies), anti-cytokine antibodies (e.g., anti-IFN antibodies,
anti-TNF-.alpha. antibodies, anti-IL-1.beta. antibodies, anti-IL-6
antibodies, anti-IL-8 antibodies (e.g., ABX-IL-8 (Abgenix)), and
anti-IL-12 antibodies).
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an agent which inhibits viral
enzymes, including but not limited to inhibitors of HCV protease,
such as BILN 2061, SCH-503034, ITMN-191 or VX-950; and inhibitors
of NS5B polymerase such as NM107 (and its prodrug NM283), R1626,
R7078, BILN1941, GSK625433, GILD9128 or HCV-796.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an agent which inhibits HCV
polymerase such as those described in Wu, Curr Drug Targets Infect
Disord., 3, 207-19 (2003) or in combination with compounds that
inhibit the helicase function of the virus such as those described
in Bretner M., et al., Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids., 22,
1531 (2003), or with inhibitors of other HCV specific targets such
as those described in Zhang X., IDrugs, 5(2), 154-8 (2002).
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an agent which inhibits viral
replication.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with cytokines. Examples of cytokines
include, but are not limited to, interleukin-2 (IL-2),
interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5),
interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-9 (IL-9),
interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin 15
(IL-15), interleukin 18 (IL-18), platelet derived growth factor
(PDGF), erythropoietin (Epo), epidermal growth factor (EGF),
fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte macrophage stimulating
factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF),
macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), prolactin, and
interferon (IFN), e.g., IFN-.alpha., and IFN-.gamma.).
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with hormones. Examples of hormones
include, but are not limited to, luteinizing hormone releasing
hormone (LHRH), growth hormone (GH), growth hormone releasing
hormone, ACTH, somatostatin, somatotropin, somatomedin, parathyroid
hormone, hypothalamic releasing factors, insulin, glucagon,
enkephalins, vasopressin, calcitonin, heparin, low molecular weight
heparins, heparinoids, synthetic and natural opioids, insulin
thyroid stimulating hormones, and endorphins.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with .beta.-interferons which include,
but are not limited to, interferon .beta.-1a, interferon
.beta.-1b.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with .alpha.-interferons which include,
but are not limited to, interferon .alpha.-1, interferon .alpha.-2a
(roferon), interferon .alpha.-2b, intron, Peg-Intron, Pegasys,
consensus interferon (infergen) and albuferon.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an absorption enhancer, particularly
those which target the lymphatic system, including, but not limited
to sodium glycocholate; sodium caprate;
N-lauryl-.beta.-D-maltopyranoside; EDTA; mixed micelle; and those
reported in Muranishi Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 7-1-33,
which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Other
known absorption enhancers can also be used. Thus, the invention
also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or
more Formula I compounds of the invention and one or more
absorption enhancers.
The Formula I compounds of the invention can be administered or
formulated in combination with an alkylating agent. Examples of
alkylating agents include, but are not limited to nitrogen
mustards, ethylenimines, methylmelamines, alkyl sulfonates,
nitrosoureas, triazenes, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide,
ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, hexamethylmelaine, thiotepa,
busulfan, carmustine, streptozocin, dacarbazine and
temozolomide.
The compounds of the invention and the other therapeutics agent can
act additively or, more preferably, synergistically. In one
embodiment, a composition comprising a compound of the invention is
administered concurrently with the administration of another
therapeutic agent, which can be part of the same composition or in
a different composition from that comprising the compounds of the
invention. In another embodiment, a compound of the invention is
administered prior to or subsequent to administration of another
therapeutic agent. In a separate embodiment, a compound of the
invention is administered to a patient who has not previously
undergone or is not currently undergoing treatment with another
therapeutic agent, particularly an antiviral agent.
In one embodiment, the methods of the invention comprise the
administration of one or more Formula I compounds of the invention
without an additional therapeutic agent.
Pharmaceutical Compositions and Dosage Forms
Pharmaceutical compositions and single unit dosage forms comprising
a Formula I compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, or hydrate thereof, are also encompassed by the
invention. Individual dosage forms of the invention may be suitable
for oral, mucosal (including sublingual, buccal, rectal, nasal, or
vaginal), parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, bolus
injection, intraarterial, or intravenous), transdermal, or topical
administration. Pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the
invention typically also comprise one or more pharmaceutically
acceptable excipients. Sterile dosage forms are also
contemplated.
In an alternative embodiment, pharmaceutical composition
encompassed by this embodiment includes a Formula I compound of the
invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or hydrate
thereof, and at least one additional therapeutic agent. Examples of
additional therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to,
those listed above.
The composition, shape, and type of dosage forms of the invention
will typically vary depending on their use. For example, a dosage
form used in the acute treatment of a disease or a related disease
may contain larger amounts of one or more of the active ingredients
it comprises than a dosage form used in the chronic treatment of
the same disease. Similarly, a parenteral dosage form may contain
smaller amounts of one or more of the active ingredients it
comprises than an oral dosage form used to treat the same disease
or disorder. These and other ways in which specific dosage forms
encompassed by this invention will vary from one another will be
readily apparent to those skilled in the art. See, e.g.,
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th ed., Mack Publishing,
Easton Pa. (1990). Examples of dosage forms include, but are not
limited to: tablets; caplets; capsules, such as soft elastic
gelatin capsules; cachets; troches; lozenges; dispersions;
suppositories; ointments; cataplasms (poultices); pastes; powders;
dressings; creams; plasters; solutions; patches; aerosols (e.g.,
nasal sprays or inhalers); gels; liquid dosage forms suitable for
oral or mucosal administration to a patient, including suspensions
(e.g., aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspensions, oil-in-water
emulsions, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsions), solutions, and
elixirs; liquid dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration
to a patient; and sterile solids (e.g., crystalline or amorphous
solids) that can be reconstituted to provide liquid dosage forms
suitable for parenteral administration to a patient.
Typical pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprise one
or more carriers, excipients or diluents. Suitable excipients are
well known to those skilled in the art of pharmacy, and
non-limiting examples of suitable excipients are provided herein.
Whether a particular excipient is suitable for incorporation into a
pharmaceutical composition or dosage form depends on a variety of
factors well known in the art including, but not limited to, the
way in which the dosage form will be administered to a patient. For
example, oral dosage forms such as tablets may contain excipients
not suited for use in parenteral dosage forms. The suitability of a
particular excipient may also depend on the specific active
ingredients in the dosage form.
This invention further encompasses anhydrous pharmaceutical
compositions and dosage forms comprising active ingredients, since
water can facilitate the degradation of some compounds. For
example, the addition of water (e.g., 5%) is widely accepted in the
pharmaceutical arts as a means of simulating long-term storage in
order to determine characteristics such as shelf-life or the
stability of formulations over time. See, e.g, Carstensen, Drug
Stability: Principles & Practice, 2d. Ed., Marcel Dekker, NY,
N.Y., 1995, pp. 379-80. In effect, water and heat accelerate the
decomposition of some compounds. Thus, the effect of water on a
formulation can be of great significance since moisture and/or
humidity are commonly encountered during manufacture, handling,
packaging, storage, shipment, and use of formulations.
Anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the
invention can be prepared using anhydrous or low moisture
containing ingredients and low moisture or low humidity
conditions.
An anhydrous pharmaceutical composition should be prepared and
stored such that its anhydrous nature is maintained. Accordingly,
anhydrous compositions are preferably packaged using materials
known to prevent exposure to water such that they can be included
in suitable formulary kits. Examples of suitable packaging include,
but are not limited to, hermetically sealed foils, plastics, unit
dose containers (e.g., vials), blister packs, and strip packs.
The invention further encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and
dosage forms that comprise one or more compounds that reduce the
rate by which an active ingredient will decompose. Such compounds,
which are referred to herein as "stabilizers," include, but are not
limited to, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, pH buffers, or salt
buffers.
Like the amounts and types of excipients, the amounts and specific
types of active ingredients in a dosage form may differ depending
on factors such as, but not limited to, the route by which it is to
be administered to patients. However, typical dosage forms of the
invention comprise Formula I compounds of the invention, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof comprise 0.1 mg
to 1500 mg per unit to provide doses of about 0.01 to 200 mg/kg per
day.
Oral Dosage Forms
Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention that are suitable for
oral administration can be presented as discrete dosage forms, such
as, but are not limited to, tablets (e.g., chewable tablets),
caplets, capsules, and liquids (e.g., flavored syrups). Such dosage
forms contain predetermined amounts of active ingredients, and may
be prepared by methods of pharmacy well known to those skilled in
the art. See generally, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th
ed., Mack Publishing, Easton Pa. (1990).
Typical oral dosage forms of the invention are prepared by
combining the active ingredient(s) in an intimate admixture with at
least one excipient according to conventional pharmaceutical
compounding techniques. Excipients can take a wide variety of forms
depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
For example, excipients suitable for use in oral liquid or aerosol
dosage forms include, but are not limited to, water, glycols, oils,
alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, and coloring agents.
Examples of excipients suitable for use in solid oral dosage forms
(e.g., powders, tablets, capsules, and caplets) include, but are
not limited to, starches, sugars, micro-crystalline cellulose,
diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, and
disintegrating agents.
Because of their ease of administration, tablets and capsules
represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit forms, in which
case solid excipients are employed. If desired, tablets can be
coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques. Such dosage
forms can be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy. In
general, pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms are prepared
by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredients with
liquid carriers, finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then
shaping the product into the desired presentation if necessary.
For example, a tablet can be prepared by compression or molding.
Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing in a suitable
machine the active ingredients in a free-flowing form such as
powder or granules, optionally mixed with an excipient. Molded
tablets can be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of
the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
Examples of excipients that can be used in oral dosage forms of the
invention include, but are not limited to, binders, fillers,
disintegrants, and lubricants. Binders suitable for use in
pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not
limited to, corn starch, potato starch, or other starches, gelatin,
natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic
acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and
its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate,
carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose),
polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, pre-gelatinized starch,
hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, (e.g., Nos. 2208, 2906, 2910),
microcrystalline cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of fillers suitable for use in the pharmaceutical
compositions and dosage forms disclosed herein include, but are not
limited to, talc, calcium carbonate (e.g., granules or powder),
microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, dextrates, kaolin,
mannitol, silicic acid, sorbitol, starch, pre-gelatinized starch,
and mixtures thereof. The binder or filler in pharmaceutical
compositions of the invention is typically present in from about 50
to about 99 weight percent of the pharmaceutical composition or
dosage form.
Suitable forms of microcrystalline cellulose include, but are not
limited to, the materials sold as AVICEL-PH-101, AVICEL-PH-103
AVICEL RC-581, AVICEL-PH-105 (available from FMC Corporation,
American Viscose Division, Avicel Sales, Marcus Hook, Pa.), and
mixtures thereof. A specific binder is a mixture of
microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sold
as AVICEL RC-581. Suitable anhydrous or low moisture excipients or
additives include AVICEL-PH-103.TM. and Starch 1500 LM.
Disintegrants are used in the compositions of the invention to
provide tablets that disintegrate when exposed to an aqueous
environment. Tablets that contain too much disintegrant may
disintegrate in storage, while those that contain too little may
not disintegrate at a desired rate or under the desired conditions.
Thus, a sufficient amount of disintegrant that is neither too much
nor too little to detrimentally alter the release of the active
ingredients should be used to form solid oral dosage forms of the
invention. The amount of disintegrant used varies based upon the
type of formulation, and is readily discernible to those of
ordinary skill in the art. Typical pharmaceutical compositions
comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent of disintegrant,
specifically from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of
disintegrant.
Disintegrants that can be used in pharmaceutical compositions and
dosage forms of the invention include, but are not limited to,
agar-agar, alginic acid, calcium carbonate, microcrystalline
cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, polacrilin
potassium, sodium starch glycolate, potato or tapioca starch,
pre-gelatinized starch, other starches, clays, other algins, other
celluloses, gums, and mixtures thereof.
Lubricants that can be used in pharmaceutical compositions and
dosage forms of the invention include, but are not limited to,
calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, light mineral
oil, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, other
glycols, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, hydrogenated
vegetable oil (e.g., peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil,
sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, and soybean oil), zinc stearate,
ethyl oleate, ethyl laureate, agar, and mixtures thereof.
Additional lubricants include, for example, a syloid silica gel
(AEROSIL 200, manufactured by W.R. Grace Co. of Baltimore, Md.), a
coagulated aerosol of synthetic silica (marketed by Degussa Co. of
Plano, Tex.), CAB-O-SIL (a pyrogenic silicon dioxide product sold
by Cabot Co. of Boston, Mass.), and mixtures thereof. If used at
all, lubricants are typically used in an amount of less than about
1 weight percent of the pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms
into which they are incorporated.
Delayed Release Dosage Forms
Active ingredients of the invention can be administered by
controlled release means or by delivery devices that are well known
to those of ordinary skill in the art. Examples include, but are
not limited to, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,845,770;
3,916,899; 3,536,809; 3,598,123; and 4,008,719, 5,674,533,
5,059,595, 5,591,767, 5,120,548, 5,073,543, 5,639,476, 5,354,556,
and 5,733,566, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Such dosage forms can be used to provide slow or controlled-release
of one or more active ingredients using, for example,
hydropropylmethyl cellulose, other polymer matrices, gels,
permeable membranes, osmotic systems, multilayer coatings,
microparticles, liposomes, microspheres, or a combination thereof
to provide the desired release profile in varying proportions.
Suitable controlled-release formulations known to those of ordinary
skill in the art, including those described herein, can be readily
selected for use with the active ingredients of the invention. The
invention thus encompasses single unit dosage forms suitable for
oral administration such as, but not limited to, tablets, capsules,
gelcaps, and caplets that are adapted for controlled-release.
All controlled-release pharmaceutical products have a common goal
of improving drug therapy over that achieved by their
non-controlled counterparts. Ideally, the use of an optimally
designed controlled-release preparation in medical treatment is
characterized by a minimum of drug substance being employed to cure
or control the condition in a minimum amount of time. Advantages of
controlled-release formulations include extended activity of the
drug, reduced dosage frequency, and increased patient compliance.
In addition, controlled-release formulations can be used to affect
the time of onset of action or other characteristics, such as blood
levels of the drug, and can thus affect the occurrence of side
(e.g., adverse) effects.
Most controlled-release formulations are designed to initially
release an amount of drug (active ingredient) that promptly
produces the desired therapeutic effect, and gradually and
continually release of other amounts of drug to maintain this level
of therapeutic or prophylactic effect over an extended period of
time. In order to maintain this constant level of drug in the body,
the drug must be released from the dosage form at a rate that will
replace the amount of drug being metabolized and excreted from the
body. Controlled-release of an active ingredient can be stimulated
by various conditions including, but not limited to, pH,
temperature, enzymes, water, or other physiological conditions or
compounds.
Parenteral Dosage Forms
Parenteral dosage forms can be administered to patients by various
routes including, but not limited to, subcutaneous, intravenous
(including bolus injection), intramuscular, and intraarterial.
Because their administration typically bypasses patients' natural
defenses against contaminants, parenteral dosage forms are
preferably sterile or capable of being sterilized prior to
administration to a patient. Examples of parenteral dosage forms
include, but are not limited to, solutions ready for injection, dry
and/or lyophylized products ready to be dissolved or suspended in a
pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle for injection (reconstitutable
powders), suspensions ready for injection, and emulsions.
Suitable vehicles that can be used to provide parenteral dosage
forms of the invention are well known to those skilled in the art.
Examples include, but are not
limited to: Water for Injection USP; aqueous vehicles such as, but
not limited to, Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Injection,
Dextrose Injection, Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, and
Lactated Ringer's Injection; water-miscible vehicles such as, but
not limited to, ethyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and
polypropylene glycol; and non-aqueous vehicles such as, but not
limited to, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, ethyl
oleate, isopropyl myristate, and benzyl benzoate.
Compounds that increase the solubility of one or more of the active
ingredients disclosed herein can also be incorporated into the
parenteral dosage forms of the invention.
Transdermal Dosage Forms
Transdermal dosage forms include "reservoir type" or "matrix type"
patches, which can be applied to the skin and worn for a specific
period of time to permit the penetration of a desired amount of
active ingredients.
Suitable excipients (e.g. carriers and diluents) and other
materials that can be used to provide transdermal and topical
dosage forms encompassed by this invention are well known to those
skilled in the pharmaceutical arts, and depend on the particular
tissue to which a given pharmaceutical composition or dosage form
will be applied. With that fact in mind, typical excipients
include, but are not limited to, water, acetone, ethanol, ethylene
glycol, propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, isopropyl myristate,
isopropyl palmitate, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof.
Depending on the specific tissue to be treated, additional
components may be used prior to, in conjunction with, or subsequent
to treatment with active ingredients of the invention. For example,
penetration enhancers can be used to assist in delivering the
active ingredients to the tissue. Suitable penetration enhancers
include, but are not limited to: acetone; various alcohols such as
ethanol, oleyl, and tetrahydrofuryl; alkyl sulfoxides such as
dimethyl sulfoxide; dimethyl acetamide; dimethyl formamide;
polyethylene glycol; pyrrolidones such as polyvinylpyrrolidone;
Kollidon grades (Povidone, Polyvidone); urea; and various
water-soluble or insoluble sugar esters such as Tween 80
(polysorbate 80) and Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate).
The pH of a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form, or of the
tissue to which the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is
applied, may also be adjusted to improve delivery of one or more
active ingredients. Similarly, the polarity of a solvent carrier,
its ionic strength, or tonicity can be adjusted to improve
delivery. Compounds such as stearates can also be added to
pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms to advantageously alter
the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of one or more active
ingredients so as to improve delivery. In this regard, stearates
can serve as a lipid vehicle for the formulation, as an emulsifying
agent or surfactant, and as a delivery-enhancing or
penetration-enhancing agent. Different salts, hydrates or solvates
of the active ingredients can be used to further adjust the
properties of the resulting composition.
Topical Dosage Forms
Topical dosage forms of the invention include, but are not limited
to, creams, lotions, ointments, gels, solutions, emulsions,
suspensions, or other forms known to one of skill in the art. See,
e.g. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th eds., Mack
Publishing, Easton Pa. (1990); and Introduction to Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms, 4th ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia (1985).
Suitable excipients (e.g. carriers and diluents) and other
materials that can be used to provide transdermal and topical
dosage forms encompassed by this invention are well known to those
skilled in the pharmaceutical arts, and depend on the particular
tissue to which a given pharmaceutical composition or dosage form
will be applied. With that fact in mind, typical excipients
include, but are not limited to, water, acetone, ethanol, ethylene
glycol, propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, isopropyl myristate,
isopropyl palmitate, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof.
Depending on the specific tissue to be treated, additional
components may be used prior to, in conjunction with, or subsequent
to treatment with active ingredients of the invention. For example,
penetration enhancers can be used to assist in delivering the
active ingredients to the tissue. Suitable penetration enhancers
include, but are not limited to: acetone; various alcohols such as
ethanol, oleyl, and tetrahydrofuryl; alkyl sulfoxides such as
dimethyl sulfoxide; dimethyl acetamide; dimethyl formamide;
polyethylene glycol; pyrrolidones such as polyvinylpyrrolidone;
Kollidon grades (Povidone, Polyvidone); urea; and various
water-soluble or insoluble sugar esters such as Tween 80
(polysorbate 80) and Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate).
Mucosal Dosage Forms
Mucosal dosage forms of the invention include, but are not limited
to, ophthalmic solutions, sprays and aerosols, or other forms known
to one of skill in the art. See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 18th eds., Mack Publishing, Easton Pa. (1990); and
Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 4th ed., Lea &
Febiger, Philadelphia (1985). Dosage forms suitable for treating
mucosal tissues within the oral cavity can be formulated as
mouthwashes or as oral gels. In one embodiment, the aerosol
comprises a carrier. In another embodiment, the aerosol is carrier
free.
The Formula I compounds of the invention may also be administered
directly to the lung by inhalation. For administration by
inhalation, a Formula I compound can be conveniently delivered to
the lung by a number of different devices. For example, a Metered
Dose Inhaler ("MDI") which utilizes canisters that contain a
suitable low boiling propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane,
trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide
or other suitable gas can be used to deliver a Formula I compound
directly to the lung. MDI devices are available from a number of
suppliers such as 3M Corporation, Aventis, Boehringer Ingleheim,
Forest Laboratories, Glaxo-Wellcome, Schering Plough and
Vectura.
Alternatively, a Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) device can be used to
administer a Formula I compound to the lung (see, e.g., Raleigh et
al., Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Research Annual Meeting, 1999, 40,
397, which is herein incorporated by reference). DPI devices
typically use a mechanism such as a burst of gas to create a cloud
of dry powder inside a container, which can then be inhaled by the
patient. DPI devices are also well known in the art and can be
purchased from a number of vendors which include, for example,
Fisons, Glaxo-Wellcome, Inhale Therapeutic Systems, ML
Laboratories, Qdose and Vectura. A popular variation is the
multiple dose DPI ("MDDPI") system, which allows for the delivery
of more than one therapeutic dose. MDDPI devices are available from
companies such as AstraZeneca, GlaxoWellcome, IVAX, Schering
Plough, SkyePharma and Vectura. For example, capsules and
cartridges of gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator can be
formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable
powder base such as lactose or starch for these systems.
Another type of device that can be used to deliver a Formula I
compound to the lung is a liquid spray device supplied, for
example, by Aradigm Corporation. Liquid spray systems use extremely
small nozzle holes to aerosolize liquid drug formulations that can
then be directly inhaled into the lung.
In one embodiment, a nebulizer device is used to deliver a Formula
I compound to the lung. Nebulizers create aerosols from liquid drug
formulations by using, for example, ultrasonic energy to form fine
particles that can be readily inhaled (See e.g., Verschoyle et al.,
British J Cancer, 1999, 80, Suppl 2, 96, which is herein
incorporated by reference). Examples of nebulizers include devices
supplied by Sheffield/Systemic Pulmonary Delivery Ltd. (See, Armer
et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,047; van der Linden et al., U.S. Pat.
No. 5,950,619; van der Linden et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,970,974,
which are herein incorporated by reference), Aventis and Batelle
Pulmonary Therapeutics.
In one embodiment, an electrohydrodynamic ("EHD") aerosol device is
used to deliver Formula I compounds to the lung. EHD aerosol
devices use electrical energy to aerosolize liquid drug solutions
or suspensions (see, e.g., Noakes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,765,539;
Coffee, U.S. Pat. No., 4,962,885; Coffee, PCT Application, WO
94/12285; Coffee, PCT Application, WO 94/14543; Coffee, PCT
Application, WO 95/26234, Coffee, PCT Application, WO 95/26235,
Coffee, PCT Application, WO 95/32807, which are herein incorporated
by reference). The electrochemical properties of the Formula I
compounds formulation may be important parameters to optimize when
delivering this drug to the lung with an EHD aerosol device and
such optimization is routinely performed by one of skill in the
art. EHD aerosol devices may more efficiently delivery drugs to the
lung than existing pulmonary delivery technologies. Other methods
of intra-pulmonary delivery of Formula I compounds will be known to
the skilled artisan and are within the scope of the invention.
Liquid drug formulations suitable for use with nebulizers and
liquid spray devices and EHD aerosol devices will typically include
a Formula I compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Preferably, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a liquid
such as alcohol, water, polyethylene glycol or a perfluorocarbon.
Optionally, another material may be added to alter the aerosol
properties of the solution or suspension of the Formula I compound.
Preferably, this material is liquid such as an alcohol, glycol,
polyglycol or a fatty acid. Other methods of formulating liquid
drug solutions or suspension suitable for use in aerosol devices
are known to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., Biesalski, U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,112,598; Biesalski, 5,556,611, which are herein
incorporated by reference) A Formula I compound can also be
formulated in rectal or vaginal compositions such as suppositories
or retention enemas, e.g. containing conventional suppository bases
such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
In addition to the formulations described previously, a Formula I
compound can also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long
acting formulations can be administered by implantation (for
example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular
injection. Thus, for example, the compounds can be formulated with
suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example, as an
emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as
sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble
salt.
Alternatively, other pharmaceutical delivery systems can be
employed. Liposomes and emulsions are well known examples of
delivery vehicles that can be used to deliver Formula I compounds.
Certain organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide can also be
employed, although usually at the cost of greater toxicity. A
Formula I compound can also be delivered in a controlled release
system. In one embodiment, a pump can be used (Sefton, CRC Crit.
Ref Biomed Eng., 1987, 14, 201; Buchwald et al., Surgery, 1980, 88,
507; Saudek et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 1989, 321, 574). In another
embodiment, polymeric materials can be used (see Medical
Applications of Controlled Release, Langer and Wise (eds.), CRC
Pres., Boca Raton, Fla. (1974); Controlled Drug Bioavailability,
Drug Product Design and Performance, Smolen and Ball (eds.), Wiley,
New York (1984); Ranger and Peppas, J. Macromol. Sci. Rev.
Macromol. Chem., 1983, 23, 61; see also Levy et al., Science, 1985,
228, 190; During et al., Ann. Neurol., 1989, 25, 351; Howard et
al., J. Neurosurg., 71, 105 (1989). In yet another embodiment, a
controlled-release system can be placed in proximity of the target
of the compounds of the invention, e.g., the lung, thus requiring
only a fraction of the systemic dose (see, e.g., Goodson, in
Medical Applications of Controlled Release, supra, vol. 2, pp. 115
(1984)). Other controlled-release system can be used (see, e.g.,
Langer, Science, 1990, 249, 1527).
Suitable excipients (e.g., carriers and diluents) and other
materials that can be used to provide mucosal dosage forms
encompassed by this invention are well known to those skilled in
the pharmaceutical arts, and depend on the particular site or
method which a given pharmaceutical composition or dosage form will
be administered. With that fact in mind, typical excipients
include, but are not limited to, water, ethanol, ethylene glycol,
propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl
palmitate, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof, which are non-toxic
and pharmaceutically acceptable. Examples of such additional
ingredients are well known in the art. See, e.g, Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th eds., Mack Publishing, Easton Pa.
(1990).
The pH of a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form, or of the
tissue to which the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is
applied, can also be adjusted to improve delivery of one or more
active ingredients. Similarly, the polarity of a solvent carrier,
its ionic strength, or tonicity can be adjusted to improve
delivery. Compounds such as stearates can also be added to
pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms to advantageously alter
the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of one or more active
ingredients so as to improve delivery. In this regard, stearates
can serve as a lipid vehicle for the formulation, as an emulsifying
agent or surfactant, and as a delivery-enhancing or
penetration-enhancing agent. Different salts, hydrates or solvates
of the active ingredients can be used to further adjust the
properties of the resulting composition.
Kits
The invention provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one
or more containers comprising a Formula I compound useful for the
treatment or prevention of a Hepatitis C virus infection. In other
embodiments, the invention provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit
comprising one or more containers comprising a Formula I compound
useful for the treatment or prevention of a Hepatitis C virus
infection and one or more containers comprising an additional
therapeutic agent, including but not limited to those listed above,
in particular an antiviral agent, an interferon, an agent which
inhibits viral enzymes, or an agent which inhibits viral
replication, preferably the additional therapeutic agent is HCV
specific or demonstrates anti-HCV activity.
The invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising
one or more containers comprising one or more of the ingredients of
the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. Optionally
associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form
prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use
or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice
reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for
human administration.
The inventive agents may be prepared using the reaction routes and
synthesis schemes as described below, employing the general
techniques known in the art using starting materials that are
readily available. The synthesis of non-exemplified compounds
according to the invention may be successfully performed by
modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by
appropriately protecting interfering groups, by changing to other
suitable reagents known in the art, or by making routine
modifications of reaction conditions. Alternatively, other
reactions disclosed herein or generally known in the art will be
recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds of
the invention.
Preparation of Compounds
In the synthetic schemes described below, unless otherwise
indicated all temperatures are set forth in degrees Celsius and all
parts and percentages are by weight.
Reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich
Chemical Company or Lancaster Synthesis Ltd. and were used without
further purification unless otherwise indicated. All solvents were
purchased from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich, EMD Chemicals
or Fisher and used as received.
The reactions set forth below were done generally under a positive
pressure of argon or nitrogen at an ambient temperature (unless
otherwise stated) in anhydrous solvents, and the reaction flasks
were fitted with rubber septa for the introduction of substrates
and reagents via syringe. Glassware was oven dried and/or heat
dried.
The reactions were assayed by TLC and/or analyzed by LC-MS and
terminated as judged by the consumption of starting material.
Analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on
glass-plates precoated with silica gel 60 F.sub.254 0.25 mm plates
(EMD Chemicals), and visualized with UV light (254 nm) and/or
iodine on silica gel and/or heating with TLC stains such as
ethanolic phosphomolybdic acid, ninhydrin solution, potassium
permanganate solution or ceric sulfate solution. Preparative thin
layer chromatography (prepTLC) was performed on glass-plates
precoated with silica gel 60 F.sub.254 0.5 mm plates (20.times.20
cm, from Thomson Instrument Company) and visualized with UV light
(254 nm).
Work-ups were typically done by doubling the reaction volume with
the reaction solvent or extraction solvent and then washing with
the indicated aqueous solutions using 25% by volume of the
extraction volume unless otherwise indicated. Product solutions
were dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and/or MgSO.sub.4 prior
to filtration and evaporation of the solvents under reduced
pressure on a rotary evaporator and noted as solvents removed in
vacuo. Column chromatography was completed under positive pressure
using Merck silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh or 50-200 mesh neutral
alumina, ISCO Flash-chromatography using prepacked RediSep silica
gel columns, or Analogix flash column chromatography using
prepacked SuperFlash silica gel columns. Hydrogenolysis was done at
the pressure indicated in the examples or at ambient pressure.
.sup.1H-NMR spectra and .sup.13C-NMR were recorded on a Varian
Mercury-VX400 instrument operating at 400 MHz. NMR spectra were
obtained as CDCl.sub.3 solutions (reported in ppm), using
chloroform as the reference standard (7.27 ppm for the proton and
77.00 ppm for carbon), CD.sub.3OD (3.4 and 4.8 ppm for the protons
and 49.3 ppm for carbon), DMSO-d.sub.6 (2.49 ppm for proton), or
internally tetramethylsilane (0.00 ppm) when appropriate. Other NMR
solvents were used as needed. When peak multiplicities are
reported, the following abbreviations are used: s (singlet), d
(doublet), t (triplet), q (quartet), m (multiplet), br (broadened),
bs (broad singlet), dd (doublet of doublets), dt (doublet of
triplets). Coupling constants, when given, are reported in Hertz
(Hz).
Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on an ATR FT-IR Spectrometer as
neat oils or solids, and when given are reported in wave numbers
(cm.sup.-1). Mass spectra reported are (+)-ES or APCI (+) LC/MS
conducted by the Analytical Chemistry Department of Anadys
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Elemental analyses were conducted by the
Atlantic Microlab, Inc. in Norcross, Ga. or by NuMega Resonance
Labs, Inc. in San Diego, Calif. Melting points (mp) were determined
on an open capillary apparatus, and are uncorrected.
The described synthetic pathways and experimental procedures may
utilize many common chemical abbreviations, 2,2-DMP
(2,2-dimethoxypropane), Ac (acetyl), ACN (acetonitrile),
Aliquat.RTM. 336 (trioctylmethylammonium chloride), Bn (benzyl),
BnOH (benzyl alcohol), Boc (tert-butoxycarbonyl), Boc.sub.2O
(di-tert-butyl dicarbonate), Bz (benzoyl), CSI (chlorosulfonyl
isocyanate), DAST (diethylaminosulfur trifluoride), DBU
(1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene), DCC
(N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), DCE (1,2-dichloroethane), DCM
(dichloromethane), DEAD (diethylazodicarboxylate), DIEA
(diisopropylethylamine), DMA (N,N-dimethylacetamide), DMAP
(4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine), DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), DMSO
(dimethyl sulfoxide), EDC
(1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), Et
(ethyl), EtOAc (ethyl acetate), EtOH (ethanol), Et.sub.2O (diethyl
ether), HATU (O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate), HBTU
(O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate), HF (hydrogen fluoride), HOAc (acetic acid),
HOBT (1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate), HPLC (high pressure liquid
chromatography), iPrOH (isopropyl alcohol), IPA (isopropyl
alcohol), KHMDS (potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide), KN(TMS).sub.2
(potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide), KO.sup.tBu (potassium
tert-butoxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), LDA (lithium
diisopropylamine), MCPBA (3-chloroperbenzoic acid), Me (methyl),
MeCN (acetonitrile), MeOH (methanol), MTBE (methyl tert-butyl
ether), NaCNBH.sub.3 (sodium cyanoborohydride), NaH (sodium
hydride), NaN(TMS).sub.2 (sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide), NaOAc
(sodium acetate), NaOEt (sodium ethoxide), NIS (N-iodosuccinimide),
Phe (phenylalanine), PPTS (pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate), PS
(polymer supported), Py (pyridine), pyBOP
(benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium
hexafluorophosphate), TEA (triethylamine), TFA (trifluoroacetic
acid), TFAA (trifluoroacetic anhydride), THF (tetrahydrofuran), TLC
(thin layer chromatography), Tol (toluoyl), Val (valine), and the
like.
Scheme 1 provides a general procedure that was used to prepare
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds of Formula I.
##STR00022##
The cyclic anhydride intermediate, which can be obtained as
described below, can be condensed with a dialkylmalonate in the
presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydride, to yield the
shown ester. The ester can be fused together with an ortho-amino
sulfonamide compound to form the amide, which can be cyclized in
the presence of a base (e.g., aq. KOH) to give the desired
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds.
Scheme 2 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
the cyclic anhydride intermediates.
##STR00023##
Commercially available pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid esters
(alternatively, the commercially available acid can be protected as
a suitable ester using standard methods for ester formation) can be
N-aminated using monochloroamine to yield the hydrazine
intermediates. These entities can be N-alkylated by reacting them
with aldehydes or ketones, where R.sup.x and R.sup.w are
C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene(C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl),
--C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene(aryl), --C.sub.1-C.sub.5
alkylene(heterocyclyl), aryl, or heterocyclyl, or R.sup.w can
combine with R.sup.x to form a 3- to 8-membered ring, and a
reducing agent, such as sodium cyanoborohydride. Deprotection of
the esters followed by cyclization using phosgene or phosgene
equivalents gives the desired cyclic anhydride intermediates.
Scheme 3 provides a procedure that was used to prepare the
4-(3-methyl-butyl)-6-oxa-3a,4-diaza-indene-5,7-dione
intermediate.
##STR00024##
Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid can be protected as an ester (e.g., allyl
ester) using standard methods for ester formation. The ring
nitrogen can be N-aminated using monochloroamine to yield the
hydrazine intermediate, which can be N-alkylated with an aldehyde
using know methods of reductive amination. Deprotection of the
ester followed by cyclization using phosgene or phosgene
equivalents can be used to give the desired
4-(3-methyl-butyl)-6-oxa-3a,4-diaza-indene-5,7-dione
intermediate.
Schemes 4(a) and 4(b) provide general procedures that were used to
prepare the 2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
intermediate.
##STR00025##
Commercially available 4-nitroaniline can be treated with sulfonyl
chlorides, e.g., methanesulfonyl chloride, to obtain the
corresponding sulfonamides. Reduction of the nitro group using
standard conditions affords the corresponding anilines, which can
be treated with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate followed by aluminum
chloride to give the corresponding
1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-ones.
Opening of the cyclic ureas with a strong acid (e.g., hydrochloric
acid) gives the desired 2-amino-5-sulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
intermediates.
##STR00026##
In a preferred route, commercially available 4-nitroaniline can be
treated with sulfonyl chlorides, e.g., methanesulfonyl chloride, to
obtain the corresponding sulfonamides. Reduction of the nitro group
using standard conditions affords the corresponding anilines, which
can be treated with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate followed by aluminum
chloride to give the corresponding
1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-ones.
Opening of the cyclic ureas with a strong acid (e.g., sulfuric
acid) gives the desired 2-amino-5-sulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
intermediates along with some of the hydrolyzed
2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonamide, which can be converted back by
treatment with sulfonyl chlorides, e.g., methanesulfonyl chloride,
to obtain the desired 2-amino-5-sulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
intermediates.
Scheme 5 provides a procedure that can be used to prepare the
2-amino-5-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
##STR00027##
Commercially available 4-methoxyaniline can be treated with
chlorosulfonyl isocyanate followed by aluminum chloride to give the
corresponding
7-methoxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
3-one. Opening of the cyclic urea with a strong acid (e.g.,
sulfuric acid) gives the desired
2-amino-5-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
Scheme 6 provides a procedure that can be used to prepare the
2-amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
##STR00028##
Commercially available 2-amino-benzensulfonamide can be treated
with N-iodosuccinimide to give the desired
2-amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
Scheme 7 provides an alternative general procedure that was used to
prepare
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-on-
e compounds of Formula I.
##STR00029##
The 1-substituted
4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylic
acid ester intermediates can be fused together neat or in a
suitable solvent (e.g., pyridine) with optionally substituted
ortho-amino sulfonamide compounds to form the corresponding amides.
The amide intermediates can be cyclized (without prior isolation)
in the presence of a base (e.g., DBU) to give the desired
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds.
Scheme 8 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
1-substituted
6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxyli-
c acid ethyl ester intermediates.
##STR00030## ##STR00031##
Commercially available 4-oxo-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
1-tert-butyl ester 2-methyl ester can be treated with a
fluorinating agent, such as DAST, to afford the corresponding
difluoro intermediates. Hydrolysis of the ester gives the acid,
which can then be transformed into a suitable ester (such as an
allyl ester) using standard conditions. Removal of the protecting
group under standard conditions gives the free amine. Subsequent
oxidation with an oxidizing agent (e.g., manganese dioxide) leads
to the corresponding pyrrole intermediate. N-Amination with
monochloramine affords the hydrazine intermediate, which can be
N-alkylated by treatment with aldehydes or ketones, where R.sup.x
and R.sup.w are C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene(C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl),
--C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene(aryl), --C.sub.1-C.sub.5
alkylene(heterocyclyl), aryl, or heterocyclyl, or R.sup.w can
combine with R.sup.x to form a 3- to 8-membered ring, and a
reducing agent, such as sodium cyanoborohydride. Acylation of the
nitrogen with a malonyl chlorides (e.g., methyl malonyl chloride)
gives the corresponding hydrazides, which can be cyclized in the
presence of a base (e.g., sodium ethoxide) to give the desired
1-substituted
6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxyli-
c acid ethyl ester intermediates.
Scheme 9 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
1-substituted
6-cyano-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylic
acid ethyl ester intermediates.
##STR00032##
A 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ester, such as a methyl ester, can
be treated with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) followed by
N,N-dimethylformamide to introduce the cyano moiety. N-Amination
with monochloramine affords the hydrazine intermediates, which can
be N-alkylated by treatment with aldehydes or ketones, where
R.sup.x and R.sup.w are C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene(C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl),
--C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene(aryl), --C.sub.1-C.sub.5
alkylene(heterocyclyl), aryl, or heterocyclyl, or R.sup.w can
combine with R.sup.x to form a 3- to 8-membered ring, and a
reducing agent, such as sodium cyanoborohydride. Acylation of the
nitrogen with a malonyl chloride monoester (such as methyl malonyl
chloride) gives the corresponding hydrazides, which can be cyclized
in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium ethoxide) to give the
desired 1-substituted
6-cyano-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylic
acid ethyl ester intermediates.
Scheme 10 provides an alternative general procedure that was used
to prepare
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-on-
e compounds of Formula I
##STR00033##
The 1-substituted-1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid esters
(e.g., methyl esters), which can be prepared as described in
schemes 2, 3, 8, and 9, can be coupled with acid intermediates
using standard peptide coupling conditions, such as DCC, to afford
the corresponding amide intermediates. Treatment of these entities
with a base (e.g., sodium ethoxide) gives the desired
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds of Formula I.
Scheme 11 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
7-substituted-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-
-3-yl-acetic acid intermediates.
##STR00034##
Commercially available 2-chloro-5-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid can be
treated with thionyl chloride to give the sulfonylchloride, which
can be further treated with ammonia to afford the sulfonamide
intermediate. The chloride can be displaced with ammonia by
treatment with ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate in the
presence of copper(II) sulfate. Reduction of the nitro group under
standard hydrogenation conditions affords the aniline intermediate,
which can be treated with a sulfonyl chloride, such as
methylsulfonyl chloride, to yield the corresponding sulfonamide.
Acylation of the 2-amino moiety with malonyl chlorides, e.g., ethyl
3-chloro-3-oxo-propionate, gives the corresponding amide, which can
simultaneously be cyclized to the thiadiazine-dioxide and
hydrolyzed to the desired acid intermediate.
Scheme 12 provides an alternative procedure that can be used to
prepare the 2-chloro-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
##STR00035##
Commercially available 1-chloro-4-nitro-benzene can be reacted with
chlorosulfonic acid to afford the corresponding sulfonylchloride.
Treatment with a saturated solution of ammonia in methanol affords
the desired the 2-chloro-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide
intermediate.
Scheme 13 provides an alternative procedure that can be used to
prepare the 2,5-diamino-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
##STR00036##
The 2-chloro-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide intermediate (prepared as
described in schemes 11 and 12) can be treated with a benzylic
amine, such as benzyl amine, to displace the chloro moiety.
Hydrogenation under standard conditions can be used to remove the
benzylic group and to reduce the nitro group at the same time to
afford the desired 2,5-diamino-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
Scheme 14 provides an alternative procedure that can be used to
prepare the 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
##STR00037##
The commercially available sodium salt of
2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid can be converted to the
corresponding sulfonyl chloride with phosphoryl chloride in the
presence of a suitable co-solvent, such as sulfolane. Treatment
with ammonia, e.g., ammonia solution in methanol or ammonia gas,
affords the desired 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide
intermediate.
Scheme 15 provides an alternative procedure that can be used to
prepare the 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
##STR00038##
Commercially available 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid can be
converted to the corresponding sulfonyl chloride with phosphoryl
chloride in the presence of a suitable co-solvent, such as
sulfolane. Treatment with ammonia, e.g., aqueous ammonium hydroxide
solution or ammonia gas, affords the desired
2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide intermediate.
Scheme 16 provides an alternative procedure that can be used to
prepare the N-(4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-malonamic
acid ethyl ester intermediate.
##STR00039##
2-Amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide (prepared as
described in schemes 4 and 12) can be treated with a dialkyl
malonate, such as diethyl malonate, to afford the desired
N-(4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-malonamic acid ethyl
ester intermediate.
Scheme 17 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
the
(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-
-acetic acid intermediate.
##STR00040##
Acylation of 2-amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide with a malonyl
halide monoester, such as ethyl 3-chloro-3-oxo-propionate, or with
a dialkyl malonate, such as diethyl malonate, affords the
corresponding amide, which can simultaneously be cyclized to the
thiadiazine-dioxide and hydrolyzed to the desired acid
intermediate.
Scheme 18 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
the
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds of Formula I from the corresponding iodo precursors.
##STR00041##
Optionally substituted
4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thia-
diazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-ones can be treated with
substituted sulfonamides in a copper-mediated displacement reaction
to afford the desired
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds of Formula I.
Scheme 19 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
the
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds of Formula I from the corresponding iodo precursors.
##STR00042##
Optionally substituted
4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thia-
diazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-ones can be treated with
stannanes, such as the unsaturated cyclic sulfone shown above, in a
Stille-type palladium-catalyzed reaction to afford the unsaturated
intermediates shown. Reduction of the alkene using standard
hydrogenation conditions affords the desired
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds of Formula I.
Scheme 20 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,4]thiazin)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compounds of Formula I.
##STR00043##
The cyclic anhydride and
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester intermediate can be condensed
in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium hydride) to yield the
desired
3-(1,1-dioxobenzo[1,4]thiazin)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
compound.
Scheme 21 provides a procedure that can be used to prepare the
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester intermediate.
##STR00044##
Commercially available 6-nitrobenzothiazole can be treated with
hydrazine to obtain the 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenethiol, which can
subsequently be reacted with chloroacetoacetate to give the
(7-nitro-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester.
Reduction of the nitro group to the amino group can be accomplished
by reaction with tin(II) chloride. Subsequent reaction with
methansulfonyl chloride can be used to obtain the corresponding
sulfonamide. Protection of both nitrogens with a suitable
protecting group such as a Boc group can be achieved by using
standard methods for protecting amino groups. The sulfide can be
oxidized using a suitable oxidizing reagent (e.g., MCPBA) to give
the sulfone. Finally, deprotection of the amino groups using
trifluoroacetic acid can be used to afford the desired
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester intermediate.
Scheme 22 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
7-substituted-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl-
-acetic acid intermediates.
##STR00045##
Hydrolysis of the
7-substituted-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl-
-acetic acid ester can be accomplished using standard conditions
(e.g., lithium hydroxide) to afford the desired
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid intermediate.
Scheme 23 provides a general procedure that can be used to prepare
7-(N-methyl)-substituted-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]t-
hiazin-3-yl-acetic acid intermediate.
##STR00046##
Commercially available 6-aminobenzothiazole can be treated with a
sulfonyl chloride, such as methanesulfonyl chloride, to obtain the
corresponding sulfonamides. Reaction with methyl iodide, in the
presence of a base, gives the corresponding N-methyl sulfonamide.
Reaction with hydrazine hydrate and subsequent treatment with
methyl chloroacetoacetate affords the corresponding
4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester. Protection of
the ring nitrogen with a suitable protecting group such as a Boc
group can be achieved by using standard methods for protecting
amino groups. The sulfide can be oxidized using a suitable
oxidizing reagent (e.g., MCPBA) to give the sulfone. Finally,
hydrolysis of the ester affords the desired
[7-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-be-
nzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic acid intermediate.
EXAMPLE 1
3-(1,1-Dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-4-hyd-
roxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00047##
a) 1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
##STR00048##
To a solution of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1.5 g, 14 mmol) in
N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) at 25.degree. C. was added cesium
carbonate (4.8 g, 14.7 mmol) and allyl bromide (1.34 mL, 15.4 mmol)
and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was treated with
saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and diethyl ether (20
mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layers were
extracted with diethyl ether (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic
layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated
in vacuo to afford the crude desired product,
1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (1.6 g, 10.6 mmol, 76%
yield) as a yellow oil, which was used in the next step without
further purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
4.77 (1H, m), 5.35 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=10.4 Hz, J.sub.2=1.2 Hz), 5.39
(1H, dd, J.sub.1=16.8 Hz, J.sub.2=1.6 Hz), 6.26 (1H, m), 5.96 (1H,
m), 6.94 (2H, m), 9.2 (1H, bs).
b) 1-Amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
##STR00049##
To a solution of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example
1a, 0.75 g, 4.96 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) at
25.degree. C. was added sodium hydride (0.316 g, 7.29 mmol) and
stirred for 1 h. A solution of monochloroamine (36 mL, 7.19 mmol)
in diethyl ether (0.2 M) was added and stirred for 1 h and then
treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)
and water (25 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer
was extracted with diethyl ether (3.times.50 mL). The combined
organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude desired product,
1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (0.90 g) as a
yellow oil, which was used in the next step without further
purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 4.75 (2H,
m), 5.28 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=10.0 Hz, J.sub.2=1.2 Hz), 5.40 (1H, dd,
J.sub.1=17.2 Hz, J.sub.2=1.6 Hz), 6.03-5.90 (2H, m), 6.87 (1H, dd,
J.sub.1=4.0 Hz, J.sub.2=1.6 Hz), 6.97 (1H, t, J=2.0 Hz).
Alternatively, 1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester can
be prepared as follows:
1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example 1a, 11.73 g,
78.12 mmol) was dissolved in methyl tert-butyl ether (150 mL) and a
solution of sodium hydroxide (37 g, 925 mmol) in water (150 mL) was
added. Solid ammonium chloride (25.1 g, 469 mmol),
trioctylmethylammonium chloride ("Aliquat.RTM. 336", 1 mL) and 28%
aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (50 mL) were added to the
biphasic mixture. Under vigorous stirring, a 6.15% aqueous bleach
solution ("Chlorox", 250 mL) was slowly added over a period of 45
min via addition funnel upon which the color of the solution turned
orange. After stirring for 1.5 h at 25.degree. C., mixture was
poured into methyl tert-butyl ether (150 mL) and the layers were
separated. The organic layer was washed with a solution of sodium
thiosulfate (10 g) in water (200 mL) and the organic layer was
dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent was removed in
vacuo to afford the desired product,
1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (8.03 g, 48.32
mmol, 62% yield) as a brown oil.
c) 1-(3-Methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester
##STR00050##
To a solution of 1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
(Example 1b, 0.88 g, 5.3 mmol) in methanol (12 mL) was added
isovaleryl aldehyde (0.74 mL, 6.9 mmol) and 1 drop 10% aqueous
hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree.
C. for 20 min, after which sodium cyanoborohydride (0.201 g, 3.2
mmol) was added and the resulting yellow solution was heated at
reflux for 16 h. The reaction was quenched slowly with 10% aqueous
hydrochloric acid and concentrated in vacuo. The crude slurry was
redissolved in diethyl ether. The layers were separated and the
aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether. The combined
organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, ethyl
acetate/hexane, 20-40%) to afford the desired product,
1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
(0.70 g, 2.96 mmol, 60% yield) as a yellow oil. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.92 (6H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.42 (2H, q,
J.sub.1=14.4 Hz, J.sub.2=7.2 Hz), 1.68 (1H, m), 3.03 (2H, t, J=7.2
Hz), 4.76 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 5.28 (1H, d, J=9.6 Hz), 5.40 (1H, d,
J=17.2 Hz), 6.01-6.04 (2H, m), 6.89-6.90 (1H, m), 6.96-6.97 (1H,
m).
d) 1-(3-Methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
##STR00051##
To a solution of 1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic
acid allyl ester (Example 1c, 2.8 g, 16 mmol) in dichloromethane
(70 mL) was added O-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.56 g, 16
mmol). Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (3.6 g, 3.2 mmol)
was added and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 16 h.
The crude mixture was allowed to cool to 25.degree. C. The solvent
was removed in vacuo and redissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL) and
then washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (3.times.50
mL) and water (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium
sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was
purified by column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63
.mu.m, ethyl acetate/hexane, 20-60%) to afford the desired product,
1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 13
mmol, 82% yield) as a yellow oil. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 0.94 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.41-1.47 (2H, q, J=15.2 Hz,
J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.68 (1H, m), 6.18 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=4.0 Hz,
J.sub.2=2.8 Hz), 6.98-7.02 (2H, m).
(e) 4-(3-Methyl-butyl)-6-oxa-3a,4-diaza-indene-5,7-dione
##STR00052##
To a solution of 1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic
acid (Example 1d, 0.25 g, 1.27 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added
potassium carbonate (0.175 g, 1.27 mmol). The reaction mixture was
cooled to 0.degree. C. and phosgene (20% solution in toluene) (0.95
mL, 1.91 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting yellow
solution was stirred for 16 h. Ethyl acetate (4 mL) was added and
the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3.times.5 mL). The combined organic layers were
dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Merck
silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, ethyl acetate/hexane, 20-50%) to afford
the desired product,
4-(3-methyl-butyl)-6-oxa-3a,4-diaza-indene-5,7-dione (0.16 g, 0.72
mmol, 57% yield) as a tan solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 0.93 (6H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.56 (2H, m), 1.65
(1H, m), 4.16 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 6.50 (1H, m), 7.08 (1H, m), 7.70
(1H, m).
(f)
4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-
e-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
##STR00053##
To a solution of
4-(3-methyl-butyl)-6-oxa-3a,4-diaza-indene-5,7-dione (Example 1e,
0.080 g, 0.36 mmol) and diethyl malonate (0.58 mL, 3.6 mmol) in
N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL) was added sodium hydride (0.017 g,
0.43 mmol) and 1 drop of methanol. The reaction mixture was heated
to 120.degree. C. and stirred for 16 h. The reaction was allowed to
cool to 25.degree. C. and quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium
chloride solution and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and
the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.3 mL).
The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified
by column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, ethyl
acetate/dichloromethane, 2-5%) to afford the desired product,
4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-
-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.058 g, 0.20 mmol, 55% yield) as a
light tan solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 0.93
(6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.30 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.49 (2H, q,
J.sub.1=15.2 Hz, J.sub.2=7.6 Hz), 1.63 (1H, m), 4.23-4.30 (4H, m),
6.56 (1H, m), 6.87 (1H, m), 7.68 (1H, m); LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.15H.sub.20N.sub.2O.sub.4 292.33. found 293.30
[M+H.sup.+].
(g)
3-(1,1-Dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-4-
-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00054##
4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-
-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Example 1f, 0.040 g, 0.14 mmol) was
mixed with 2-amino-benzenesulfonamide (0.0235 g, 0.14 mmol) and the
resulting mixture was heated to 180.degree. C. for 20 min. The
resulting crude oil was allowed to cool to 25.degree. C. and
ethanol (0.5 mL) was added and sonicated to afford a tan
precipitate, which was collected and dried in vacuo. The crude
solid was dissolved in 1.0 M aqueous potassium hydroxide solution
(0.3 mL) and heated to 110.degree. C. for 20 h. The reaction
mixture was allowed to cool to 25.degree. C. and 10% aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (0.5 mL) was added and the resulting
white precipitate was collected. The solid was washed with methanol
and dried in vacuo to afford the desired product,
3-(1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-4-hy-
droxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one (0.028 g,
0.07 mmol, 52% yield) as a white solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 0.97 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.28 (2H, bs), 1.61
(2H, q, J.sub.1=15.2 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.74 (1H, m), 4.43 (2H,
t, J=8.0 Hz), 6.71 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=4.4 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz), 7.04
(1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.23 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 7.50 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz),
7.63 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.90 (1H, m); LC-MS
(ESI) calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.20N.sub.4O.sub.4S 400.45. found
401.28 [M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 2
4-Hydroxy-3-(7-methoxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]th-
iadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00055##
a)
7-Methoxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazi-
n-3-one
##STR00056##
Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (17 mL, 195 mmol) was dissolved in
nitroethane (150 mL) and cooled to -40.degree. C. A solution of
4-methoxyaniline (20 g, 162 mmol) in nitroethane (100 mL) was then
added dropwise with stirring. After the addition was completed, the
reaction was stirred for an additional 5 min and aluminum chloride
(25 g, 195 mmol) was added. The mixture was then quickly heated to
110.degree. C. with stirring for 20 min. The crude material was
then poured onto ice and the precipitate was collected by vacuum
filtration, washed with cold water, and dried in vacuo to afford
the desired product,
7-methoxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
3-one (35 g, 153.5 mmol, 79% yield) as a purple powder. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 3.6 (br, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 7.2
(m, 3H), 11.05 (s, 1H).
b) 2-Amino-5-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide
##STR00057##
A solution of
7-methoxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
3-one (Example 2a, 15 g, 65.7 mmol) in a 50% aqueous sulfuric acid
solution (140 mL) was heated at 130.degree. C. for 6 h. The
solution was then poured over ice and neutralized at 0.degree. C.
with the addition of saturated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
The mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic
phase was washed with brine, and dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered and dried in vacuo to afford the desired product,
2-amino-5-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide (8.1 g, 40.1 mmol, 61% yield)
as a brown solid. See procedure described in Girard, Y., et al., J.
Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1, 1043-1047 (1979). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO -d.sub.6): .delta. 3.65 (s, 3H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 6.73 (d, 1H,
J=8.8 Hz), 6.90 (dd, 1H, J.sub.1=8.8 Hz, J.sub.2=2.8 Hz), 7.07 (d,
1H, J=2.8 Hz), 7.19 (s, 2H).
c)
4-Hydroxy-3-(7-methoxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4-
]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00058##
4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-
-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Example 1f, 0.040 g, 0.14 mmol) was
mixed with 2-amino-5-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide (Example 2b, 0.0235
g, 0.14 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to 180.degree.
C. for 20 min. The resulting crude oil was allowed to cool to
25.degree. C. and ethanol (0.5 mL) was added and sonicated to
afford a tan precipitate, which was collected and dried in vacuo.
The crude solid was dissolved in 1.0 M aqueous potassium hydroxide
solution (0.5 mL) and heated to 110.degree. C. for 12 h. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 25.degree. C. and 10%
aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (0.5 mL) was added and the
resulting white precipitate was collected. The crude solid was
washed with methanol and dried in vacuo to afford the desired
product,
4-hydroxy-3-(7-methoxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]t-
hiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(0.027 g, 0.063 mmol, 47% yield) as a white solid. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 1.07 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.69 (1H, m),
1.78 (1H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.39 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 6.60 (1H, dd,
J.sub.1=4.4 Hz, J.sub.2=2.8 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.05 (1H,
dd, J.sub.1=4.8 Hz, J.sub.2=2.0 Hz), 7.25 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, m),
7.39 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz); LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.19H.sub.22N.sub.4O.sub.5S 430.49. found 431.33
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 3
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridaz-
in-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl}-
-methanesulfonamide
##STR00059##
a) N-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide
##STR00060##
4-Nitro-phenylamine (25 g, 181 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (450
mL). Methanesulfonyl chloride (14.0 mL, 181 mmol) was added
dropwise while stirring. The mixture was stirred for 16 h at
25.degree. C. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to a volume of
.about.50 mL. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (400 mL),
washed with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (5.times.200
mL). The combined aqueous layers were back-extracted with ethyl
acetate (200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over
magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a volume
of .about.250 mL. The product precipitated and was collected by
vacuum filtration. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a
volume of .about.125 mL upon which additional product precipitated.
The solid was collected by vacuum filtration. The solids were
combined to afford the desired product,
N-(4-nitro-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (25 g, 115.62 mmol, 64%
yield) as a pale yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 3.17 (3H, s), 7.35 (2H, d, J=9.4 Hz), 8.20 (2H, d, J=9.1
Hz), 10.69 (1H, s).
b) N-(4-Amino-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide
##STR00061##
N-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (Example 3a, 25 g, 115.62
mmol) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) with gentle
heating to .about.50.degree. C. via heat gun. Ethyl acetate (100
mL) and methanol (100 mL) were added followed by 10% palladium on
carbon (4 g). The mixture was degassed while stirring and the flask
was charged with hydrogen gas via balloon. The mixture was stirred
at 25.degree. C. for 4.5 h. The mixture was filtered through Celite
(rinsed with ethyl acetate) and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow
green solution with a volume of .about.10 mL. Dichloromethane
(.about.50 mL) was added and a solid began to precipitate. The
mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 30 min. The solid was
collected by vacuum filtration and dried in vacuo to afford the
desired product, N-(4-amino-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (15.32 g,
82.26 mmol, 71% yield) as a beige powder. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.79 (3H, s), 5.00 (2H, s), 6.49 (2H, d,
J=8.5 Hz), 6.87 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.87 (1H, s).
c)
N-(1,1,3-Trioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazi-
n-7-yl)-methanesulfonamide
##STR00062##
Chloro-sulfonyl-isocyanate (1.7 mL, 19.6 mmol) was dissolved in
nitroethane (10 mL) and chilled to -40.degree. C. under nitrogen.
N-(4-Amino-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (Example 3b, 3 g, 16.1 mmol)
was added dropwise as a pre-dissolved solution in nitroethane (25
mL). The mixture was stirred at -40.degree. C. for 15 min. Aluminum
chloride (8 g, 60 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated at
110.degree. C. for 30 min while stirring. The mixture was poured
onto ice (.about.150 g). Upon melting, the product was extracted
into ethyl acetate (5.times.250 mL). The combined organic layers
were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo to afford the desired product,
N-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
7-yl)-methanesulfonamide (3.63 g, 12.46 mmol, 77% yield) as a beige
solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.00 (3H, s),
7.22 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.8 Hz, J.sub.2=2.7
Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 9.92 (1H, s), 11.20 (1H, s).
d) 2-Amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
##STR00063##
N-(1,1,3-Trioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
7-yl)-methanesulfonamide (Example 3c, 1 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended
in 12 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (60 mL). The mixture was
stirred at 105.degree. C. for 16 h. All solids were dissolved at
this point. The mixture was diluted with water (250 mL). The
solution was concentrated in vacuo to an orange solid. The solid
was dissolved in water (20 mL) and concentrated in vacuo to an
orange solid. The solid was dissolved in water (5 mL) and the
product was extracted into ethyl acetate (6.times.20 mL). The
combined organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered
and concentrated in vacuo to an orange solid. Purification by flash
column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 75% ethyl
acetate in hexanes) afforded the desired product,
2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide (0.41 g, 1.55
mmol, 45% yield), as a beige solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.86 (3H, s), 5.77 (2H, s), 6.76 (1H, d,
J=8.6 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz), 7.25 (2H,
bs), 7.43 (1H, d, J=3.1 Hz), 9.16 (1H, s).
Alternatively, the
2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide intermediate of
3(d) above was preferrably made according to the following
procedure:
(a)': N-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide
##STR00064##
A solution of methanesulfonylchloride (47.1 mL, 0.61 mol) in
acetonitrile (160 mL) was added over 40 min to a solution of
4-nitroaniline (80.0 g, 0.58 mol) and pyridine (70.2 mL, 0.87 mol)
in acetonitrile (400 mL) at 25.degree. C. The mixture was stirred
at 25.degree. C. for 19 h, and then water (800 mL) was added. The
resulting suspension was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 30 min, and
then was filtered through medium paper using a Buchner funnel. The
collected solid was washed with water (2.times.150 mL) and
air-dried overnight to afford the desired product,
N-(4-nitro-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (111.4 g, 0.52 mol, 89%
yield) as a pale yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 3.17 (3H, s), 7.35 (2H, d, J=9.4 Hz), 8.20 (2H, d, J=9.1
Hz), 10.69 (1H, s).
(b)': N-(4-Amino-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide
##STR00065##
5% Palladium on carbon ("wet", 11.1 g) was added to a solution of
N-(4-nitro-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (Example 3a', 111.4 g, 0.52
mol) in tetrahydrofuran (900 mL) at 25.degree. C. The atmosphere
above the resulting suspension was replaced with hydrogen gas and
the reaction mixture was maintained under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen
at 25.degree. C. for 4 days using several balloons. The mixture was
then filtered through Celite and the Celite was washed with
tetrahydrofuran (3.times.100 mL). The combined filtrate and
washings were concentrated in vacuo to approximately 300 mL volume
and heptane (500 mL) was added dropwise via addition funnel over 45
min at 25.degree. C. with vigorous stirring. The resulting
suspension was stirred for an additional 45 min at 25.degree. C.,
and then was filtered through medium paper using a Buchner funnel.
The collected solid was washed with heptane (1.times.150 mL) and
was air-dried to afford the desired product,
N-(4-amino-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (90.7 g, 0.49 mol, 95% yield)
as a beige powder. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.79
(3H, s), 5.00 (2H, s), 6.49 (2H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 6.87 (2H, d, J=8.6
Hz), 8.87 (1H, s).
(c)':
N-(1,1,3-Trioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadi-
azin-7-yl)-methanesulfonamide
##STR00066##
A solution of N-(4-amino-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide (Example 3b',
90.7 g, 0.49 mol) in nitroethane (900 mL) was added dropwise over
1.5 h to a mechanically stirred solution of
chlorosulfonylisocyanate (50.6 mL, 0.54 mol) in nitroethane (150
mL) at -20.degree. C. The resulting suspension was stirred at
-20.degree. C. for 30 min, then aluminum chloride (77.9 g, 0.58
mol) was added in one portion over 1 min. The resulting brown
solution was warmed to 25.degree. C., and then was heated at
110.degree. C. for 1 h (considerable gas evolution was noted during
this time). After cooling to -5.degree. C., water (300 mL) was
added dropwise via addition funnel over 15 min, followed by the
rapid addition of more water (700 mL). The resulting suspension was
allowed to warm to 25.degree. C. and vigorously stirred for 30 min,
and then was filtered through medium paper using a Buchner funnel.
The collected solid was washed with water (1.times.300 mL) and was
air-dried to afford the desired product,
N-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
7-yl)-methanesulfonamide (115.2 g, 0.40 mmol, 81% yield) as a beige
solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.00 (3H, s),
7.22 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.8 Hz, J.sub.2=2.7
Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 9.92 (1H, s), 11.20 (1H, s).
(d)': 2-Amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
##STR00067##
A mechanically stirred suspension of
N-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
7-yl)-methanesulfonamide (Example 3c', 115.2 g, 0.40 mol) in 9.0 M
aqueous sulfuric acid (500 mL) was heated to 130.degree. C. for 2.5
h (considerable gas evolution was noted during this time). The
resulting brown solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and an aqueous
solution of sodium hydroxide (351 g in 750 mL water; ca. 11.7 M)
was added via addition funnel over 45 min. The pH of the reaction
mixture was then adjusted to approximately 7.0 by the dropwise
addition of 3.0 M aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The resulting
suspension was allowed to warm to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 1
h, then was filtered through medium paper using a Buchner funnel.
The collected solid was washed with water (1.times.300 mL) and was
dried in a vacuum oven at 50.degree. C. to afford a mixture of
2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide and
2,5-diamino-benzenesulfonamide (1.5:1.0 ratio, 70.0 g, 75% yield)
as a brown solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 2.86
(3H, s), 4.54 (2H, bs), 4.98 (2H, bs), 5.77 (2H, s), 6.55-6.60 (2H,
m), 6.76 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.99 (2H, bs),
7.11 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz), 7.25 (2H, bs), 7.43
(1H, d, J=3.1 Hz), 9.16 (1H, s).
A solution of methanesulfonylchloride (8.2 mL, 0.11 mol) in
acetonitrile (100 mL) was added over 15 min to a solution of the
above mixture of 2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
and 2,5-diamino-benzenesulfonamide (1.5:1.0 ratio, 60.0 g) and
pyridine (12.0 mL, 0.15 mol) in acetonitrile (500 mL) at 25.degree.
C. The mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 15 h, and then was
concentrated in vacuo to approximately 300 mL volume. Ethyl acetate
(300 mL) was added and the resulting suspension was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 10 min, and then was filtered through medium
paper using a Buchner funnel. The collected solid was washed with
water (1.times.200 mL) and was dried in a vacuum oven at 50.degree.
C. to afford the desired product,
2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide (54.0 g, 0.20
mol, 80% yield) as a beige solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.86 (3H, s), 5.77 (2H, s), 6.76 (1H, d,
J=8.6 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz), 7.25 (2H,
bs), 7.43 (1H, d, J=3.1 Hz), 9.16 (1H, s).
e)
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyri-
dazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7--
yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00068##
4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-
-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Example 1f, 0.098 g, 0.33 mmol) and
2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide (Example 3d or
Example 3d', 0.089 g, 0.33 mmol) were mixed in pyridine (1.5 mL)
and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at
120.degree. C. for 3 h. LC-MS analysis confirmed the disappearance
of the starting material and the formation of the uncyclized
intermediate
4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-
-carboxylic acid (4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-amide.
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) (150 .mu.L, 1.0 mmol) was
added and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at
120.degree. C. for 16 h. LC-MS analysis indicated completion of the
reaction and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude
material was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and purified by
preparative HPLC (Column ODS-A 100 .ANG., 5.mu.. 150.times.21.2 mm.
Flow 22 mL/min, 30-100% acetonitrile/water with 0.01%
trifluoroacetic acid) and lyophilized from water and 1,4-dioxane to
afford the desired product,
N-{3-[4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrida-
zin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl-
}-methanesulfonamide (0.016 g, 0.032 mmol, 9.7% yield) as a light
brown powder. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 0.96 (6H, d, J=6.3
Hz), 1.55-1.60 (2H, m), 1.67-1.77 (1H, m), 3.07 (1H, s), 4.40 (2H,
t, J=7.8 Hz), 6.70 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.52-7.67 (3H, m), 7.90
(1H, s), 10.20 (1H, s); LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2 493.1 found 494.3
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 4
N-{3-[1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyr-
idazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-
-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00069##
a) 2-Amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide
##STR00070##
2-Amino-benzenesulfonamide (5.15 g, 29.3 mmol) was dissolved in
chloroform (87 mL), and N-iodosuccinimide (7.29 g, 30.77 mmol) was
added under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was heated at reflux
for 24 h, allowed to cool to 25.degree. C., and filtered through a
sinter funnel. The solid was washed with chloroform and 10%
methanol/chloroform (3-8 times) to afford the desired product,
2-amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide (6.78 g, 22.75 mmol, 78% yield)
as a brown crystalline solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6):
5.98 (s, 2H), 6.62 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.31 (s, 2H), 7.45 (dd, 1H,
J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz).
b)
(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-y-
l)-acetic acid
##STR00071##
2-Amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide (Example 4a, 2.0 g, 6.71 mmol)
was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 mL) and diethyl ether (7
mL). Ethyl 3-chloro-3-oxo-propionate (0.916 g, 6.71 mmol) was added
and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 2 h. The
reaction mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (10 mL) and water
(20 mL). Upon mixing vigorously, a precipitate formed. The solid
was collected by vacuum filtration, rinsed with 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (2.times.10 mL) and dried in vacuo for 2
h. The solid was dissolved in 8% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution
(50 mL) and stirred at 100.degree. C. for 15 min. Upon cooling to
25.degree. C., the solution was neutralized with 6.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution. Additional 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric
acid solution (20 mL) was added and the desired product
precipitated. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, rinsed
with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2.times.10 mL) and
dried in vacuo for 16 h to afford the desired product,
(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-
-acetic acid (2.0 g, 5.46 mmol, 81% yield) as a pale pink powder.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 3.58 (3H, s), 7.13
(1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.98 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=1.7 Hz),
8.03 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz), 12.33 (1H, bs), 13.05 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI)
calcd for C.sub.9H.sub.71N.sub.2O.sub.4S 365.92. found 366.95
[M+H.sup.+].
c) 1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester
##STR00072##
Dimethylsulfoxide (6.80 mL, 95.7 mmol) was added over 5 min to a
solution of oxalylchloride (23.9 mL, 47.8 mmol) in dichloromethane
at -78.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78.degree.
C. for 5 min, then 3,3-dimethyl-butan-1-ol (5.22 mL, 43.1 mmol) was
added. After stirring an additional 30 min at -78.degree. C.,
triethylamine (23.3 mL, 167 mmol) was added and the reaction
mixture warmed to 0.degree. C. and stirred at that temperature for
45 min. The mixture was then transferred to a separatory funnel and
was washed with 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The organic layer
was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and was concentrated in
vacuo to a volume of about 70 mL (water bath temperature=0.degree.
C.). Methanol (100 mL) was added followed sequentially by
1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example 1b, 7.16
g, 43.1 mmol), acetic acid (6 mL), and sodium cyanoborohydride
(5.42 g, 86.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 23.degree.
C. for 2 h, and then was partitioned between saturated aqueous
sodium bicarbonate solution (400 mL) and a 1:1 mixture of ethyl
acetate and hexanes (2.times.200 mL). The organic layers were dried
over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
Purification of the residue by flash column chromatography (Merck
silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 5.fwdarw.10% ethyl acetate in hexanes)
afforded the desired product,
1-(3,3-dimethyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester (4.04 g, 16.15 mmol, 37% yield) as a clear liquid. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 0.91 (9H, s), 1.42-1.46 (2H, m),
2.98-3.04 (2H, m), 4.75-4.77 (2H, m), 5.26-5.28 (1H, m), 5.37-5.41
(1H, m), 5.96-5.99 (1H, m), 6.01-6.05 (1H, m), 6.27-6.30 (1H, m),
6.89-6.91 (1H, m), 6.96-6.98 (1H, m).
d)
1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamd-
a..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00073##
(7-Iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-
-acetic acid (Example 4b, 0.3 g, 0.819 mmol) was dissolved in
N,N-dimethylformamide (4.1 mL).
1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester (Example 4c, 0.205 g, 0.819 mmol) was added followed by a 1.0
M solution of N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dichloromethane
(0.860 mL, 0.86 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for
2 h. N,N-Dicyclohexylurea precipitation was visible at this point.
The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (5 mL) and filtered
under reduced pressure. The filtrate was washed with 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (2.times.10 mL), saturated aqueous brine
solution (10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to afford a golden oil. The oil was dissolved
in ethanol (4.1 mL). A 21% solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol
(0.673 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 80.degree. C.
for 4 h. Additional sodium ethoxide in ethanol (0.673 mL) was added
and the mixture was stirred at 80.degree. C. for 4 h. Upon cooling
to 25.degree. C., the pH was adjusted to approximately 6 by the
addition of 3.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. Immediate
precipitation was observed. Methanol (3 mL) was added and the
mixture was shaken vigorously. The solid was collected by vacuum
filtration, rinsed with methanol (3.times.2 mL) and dried in vacuo
for 16 h to afford the desired product,
1-(3,3-dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-
-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(0.268 g, 0.67 mmol, 82% yield) as a white powder. LC-MS (ESI)
calcd for C.sub.20H.sub.21IN.sub.4O.sub.4S. found 540.03. found
366.95 [M+H.sup.+].
e)
N-{3-[1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]-
pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazi-
n-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00074##
1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda.-
.sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 4d, 0.065 g, 0.120 mmol), potassium triphosphate (0.128 g,
0.60 mmol), sarcosine (0.006 g, 0.072 mmol), and copper (I) iodide
(0.006 g, 0.03 mmol) were combined. Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide
(2 mL) was added followed by methanesulfonamide (0.114 g, 1.2
mmol). The solution was degassed while stirring under vacuum and
the flask was purged with nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at
100.degree. C. for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was diluted with
ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid
solution (3.times.50 mL) and dried over magnesium sulfate. The
entire organic layer was passed through a plug of silica gel. The
filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford a solid. The solid was
triturated with a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexanes,
collected by vacuum filtration, triturated with methanol and
collected by vacuum filtration. The solid was dried in vacuo for 16
h to afford the desired product,
N-{3-[1-(3,3-dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]py-
ridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
7-yl}-methanesulfonamide (0.031 g, 0.061 mmol, 51% yield) as a pale
yellow powder. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 1.01
(9H, s), 1.57-1.62 (2H, m), 3.07 (3H, s), 4.39-4.43 (2H, m),
6.70-6.72 (1H, m), 7.03 (1H, d, J=3.8 Hz), 7.53 (1H, dd,
J.sub.1=8.7 Hz, J.sub.2=2.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.67 (1H,
d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, s), 10.20 (1H, s), 13.72 (1H, bs). LC-MS
(ESI) calcd for C.sub.21H.sub.25N.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2. found
507.12. found 508.36 [M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 5
N-{3-[1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyr-
idazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-
-yl}-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00075##
1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda.-
.sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 4d, 0.257 g, 0.476 mmol), potassium triphosphate (0.505 g,
2.38 mmol), sarcosine (0.025 g, 0.285 mmol), and copper (I) iodide
(0.022 g, 0.119 mmol) were combined. Anhydrous
N,N-dimethylformamide (9.5 mL) was added followed by
N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (0.519 g, 4.76 mmol). The solution was
degassed while stirring under vacuum and the flask purged with
nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 100.degree. C. for 1 h.
Additional copper (I) iodide (0.1 g, 0.525 mmol) was added. The
mixture continued to stir at 100.degree. C. for 3 h. Upon cooling,
the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with
1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2.times.100 mL), dried
over magnesium sulfate. The entire organic layer was passed through
a plug of silica gel. Upon concentrating in vacuo to a volume of
approximately 10 mL, the desired product precipitated. The solid
was collected by vacuum filtration. The solid was recrystallized in
ethyl acetate, collected by vacuum filtration and dried in vacuo to
afford the desired product,
N-{3-[1-(3,3-dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]py-
ridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin--
7-yl}-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (0.082 g, 0.157 mmol, 33% yield)
as a pale yellow powder. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta.: 1.02 (9H, s), 1.58-1.62 (2H, m), 3.01 (3H, s), 3.31 (3H,
s), 4.40-4.44 (2H, m), 6.72-6.72 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, d, J=3.9 Hz),
7.70-7.76 (3H, m), 7.88 (1H, s), 13.78 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI) calcd
for C.sub.22H.sub.27N.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2. found 521.14. found
522.6 [M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 6
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridaz-
in-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl}-
-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00076##
a)
4-Hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]th-
iadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00077##
(7-Iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-
-acetic acid (Example 4b, 0.2 g, 0.546 mmol) was dissolved in
N,N-dimethylformamide (2.7 mL).
1-(3-Methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
(Example 1c, 0.129 g, 0.546 mmol) was added followed by a 1.0 M
solution of N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dichloromethane (0.574
mL, 0.574 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 2 h.
N,N-Dicyclohexylurea precipitation was visible at this point. The
mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (5 mL) and filtered under
reduced pressure. The filtrate was washed with 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (2.times.10 mL), saturated aqueous brine
solution (10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to afford a golden oil. The oil was dissolved
in ethanol (2.7 mL). A 21% solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol
(0.448 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 80.degree. C.
for 4 h. Additional sodium ethoxide in ethanol (0.448 mL) was added
and the mixture was stirred at 80.degree. C. for 4 h. Upon cooling
to 25.degree. C., the pH was adjusted to approximately 6 by the
addition of 3.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. Immediate
precipitation was observed. Methanol (3 mL) was added and the
mixture was shaken vigorously. The solid was collected by vacuum
filtration, rinsed with methanol (3.times.2 mL) and dried in vacuo
for 16 h to afford the desired product,
4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1-
,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(0.196 g, 0.372 mmol, 68% yield) as a white powder. LC-MS (ESI)
calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.19IN.sub.4O.sub.4S. found 526.02. found
527.15 [M+H.sup.+].
b)
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyri-
dazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7--
yl}-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00078##
4-Hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thia-
diazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 6a, 0.188 g, 0.357 mmol), potassium triphosphate (0.379 g,
1.78 mmol), sarcosine (0.019 g, 0.214 mmol), and copper (I) iodide
(0.017 g, 0.089 mmol) were combined. Anhydrous
N,N-dimethylformamide (7 mL) was added followed by
N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (0.39 g, 3.57 mmol). The solution was
degassed while stirring under vacuum and the flask purged with
nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 100.degree. C. for 1 h.
Additional copper (I) iodide (0.1 g, 0.525 mmol) was added. The
mixture continued to stir at 100.degree. C. for 3 h. Upon cooling,
the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with
1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2.times.100 mL), dried
over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a
solid. Purification by flash column chromatography (5% ethyl
acetate in dichloromethane) followed by trituration from ethyl
acetate and collection by vacuum filtration afforded the desired
product,
N-{3-[4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrida-
zin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl-
}-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (0.057 g, 0.112 mmol, 31% yield) as a
pale yellow powder. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.:
0.97 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.59 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 1.73 (1H, septet,
J=6.5 Hz), 3.01 (3H, s), 3.31 (3H, s), 4.41 (2H, t, J=7.9 Hz),
6.70-6.72 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, d, J=4.5 Hz), 7.69-7.76 (2H, m), 7.88
(1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.91 (1H, s), 13.79 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI) calcd
for C.sub.21H.sub.25N.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2. found 507.12. found
508.4 [M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 7
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridaz-
in-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-yl}-N-me-
thyl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00079##
a) N-Benzothiazol-6-yl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00080##
Methanesulfonyl chloride (4.93 mL, 63.7 mmol) was added over 5 min
to a solution of benzothiazol-6-ylamine (9.58 g, 63.8 mmol) in
pyridine (100 mL) at 25.degree. C. The resulting mixture was
stirred at 25.degree. C. for 30 min, and then was concentrated in
vacuo. The residue was partitioned between 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (150 mL) and ethyl acetate (2.times.150
mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered
and concentrated in vacuo. Trituration of the residue with diethyl
ether afforded a solid that was collected by vacuum filtration and
dried in vacuo to afford the desired product,
N-benzothiazol-6-yl-methanesulfonamide (13.3 g, 58.3 mmol, 91%
yield) as a pink solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta.: 3.03 (3H, s), 7.36 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=2.3 Hz, J.sub.2=8.6
Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 8.02 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 9.27 (1H, s),
9.95 (1H, s).
b) N-Benzothiazol-6-yl-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00081##
Sodium hydride (2.56 g of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 64.0
mmol) was added to a solution of
N-benzothiazol-6-yl-methanesulfonamide (Example 7a, 13.3 g, 58.2
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran at 0.degree. C. After 15 min, iodomethane
(36.2 mL, 581 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was warmed
to 25.degree. C., stirred for 4 h, then was partitioned between 1.0
M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (300 mL) and ethyl acetate
(2.times.250 mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Trituration of the
residue with diethyl ether afforded a solid that was collected by
vacuum filtration and dried in vacuo to afford the desired product,
N-benzothiazol-6-yl-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (12.1 g, 50 mmol,
86% yield) as a pink solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta.: 3.00 (3H, s), 3.31 (3H, s), 7.57 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=2.2 Hz,
J.sub.2=8.7 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 8.23 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz),
9.40 (1H, s).
c)
[7-(Methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic
acid methyl ester
##STR00082##
Hydrazine monohydrate (20.1 mL, 414 mmol) was added to a solution
of N-benzothiazol-6-yl-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (Example 7b,
10.06 g, 41.5 mmol) in ethanol (150 mL) at 25.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was heated to 50.degree. C. for 13 h, and then was
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (100 mL) and the pH was adjusted to 7 by
the addition of 6.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The
resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times.150 mL)
and the aqueous layer was acidified to pH 3 by the addition of 6.0
M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and then neutralized to pH 7
by the addition of solid sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was again
extracted with ethyl acetate (1.times.150 mL) and all organic
layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The orange solid thus obtained was dissolved
in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) and triethylamine (12.3 mL, 88.2 mmol),
and 4-chloro-3-oxo-butyric acid methyl ester (5.10 mL, 44.2 mmol)
were added sequentially at 25.degree. C. The reaction mixture was
stirred at 25.degree. C. for 2 h, and then was partitioned between
1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (150 mL) and ethyl acetate
(2.times.150 mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the
residue by flash column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63
.mu.m, 20.fwdarw.100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded the
desired product,
[7-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic
acid methyl ester (8.40 g, 25.6 mmol, 64% yield) as a yellow solid.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 2.86 (3H, s), 3.27 (3H,
s), 3.43 (2H, s), 3.72 (3H, s), 6.86 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.12 (1H,
dd, J.sub.1=2.3 Hz, J.sub.2=8.6 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 10.63
(1H, s).
d)
7-(Methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-1,1-dioxo-1H-1-
.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl
ester
##STR00083##
Di-tert-butyl carbonate (11.2 g, 51.1 mmol) and
4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.625 g, 5.11 mmol) were added
sequentially to a solution of
[7-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic
acid methyl ester (Example 7c, 8.40 g, 25.6 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) at 25.degree. C. The reaction mixture was
stirred at 25.degree. C. for 15 h, and then was partitioned between
1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (150 mL) and ethyl acetate
(2.times.150 mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
dissolved in dichloromethane (150 mL) at 25.degree. C. and
m-chloroperbenzoic acid (17.2 g, 77% maximum purity, 76.7 mmol) was
added. After stirring for 50 min at 25.degree. C., sodium
thiosulfate (15 g, dissolved in 150 mL water) was added and the
biphasic mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 30 min then
poured into a separatory funnel containing a 1:1 mixture of ethyl
acetate and hexanes (350 mL). The phases were separated and the
organic layer was washed sequentially with 1.0 M aqueous sodium
hydroxide solution (100 mL), 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid
solution (100 mL), and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate
solution (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate,
filtered and was concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue
by flash column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m,
20.fwdarw.90% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded the desired
product,
7-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-1,1-dioxo-1H-1.l-
amda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
(4.29 g, 9.32 mmol, 36% yield) as a yellow foam. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) (mixture of several isomers/tautomers) .delta.:
1.51 (s), 1.54 (s), 1.55 (s), 2.87 (s), 2.88 (s), 3.35 (s), 3.37
(s), 3.71 (s), 3.83 (s), 3.87 (s), 5.88 (s), 6.39 (s), 7.64-7.68
(m), 7.77-7.78 (m), 7.83-7.85 (m), 10.02 (s).
e)
[7-(Methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6--
benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic acid
##STR00084##
A 2.0 M aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide (7.0 mL, 14.0 mmol)
was added to a solution of
7-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-1-dioxo-1H-1.lam-
da..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
(Example 7d, 1.29 g, 2.80 mmol) in methanol at 25.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 5 h, and then was
partitioned between 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (150
mL) and ethyl acetate (2.times.150 mL). The organic layers were
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
Trituration of the residue with a 5:1 mixture of diethyl ether and
acetonitrile afforded the desired product,
[7-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-be-
nzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic acid (0.286 g, 0.83 mmol, 30% yield)
as an orange solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.:
2.96 (3H, s), 3.26 (3H, s), 3.48 (2H, s), 6.03 (1H, s), 7.29 (1H,
d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.58 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=2.3 Hz, J.sub.2=9.5 Hz), 7.79
(1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 10.80 (1H, s), 12.79 (1H, s).
f)
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyri-
dazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-yl}-N-
-methyl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00085##
1-(3-Methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
(Example 1c, 0.112 g, 0.473 mmol) and
[7-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-be-
nzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic acid (Example 7e, 0.164 g, 0.473 mmol)
were dissolved in a 3:1 mixture of dichloromethane and
N,N-dimethylformamide (4 mL) at 25.degree. C. A solution of
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.473 mL, 1.0 M in dichloromethane,
0.473 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 1 h then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated
in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in ethanol (4 mL) at
25.degree. C. A 21% solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol (0.368
mL, 1.14 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at
80.degree. C. for 6 h. After cooling to 25.degree. C., the mixture
was partitioned between 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution
(150 mL) and ethyl acetate (2.times.150 mL). The organic layers
were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
Sequential purification of the residue by flash column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 5{tilde over
(0)}.fwdarw.100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) and preparative HPLC
[column=Luna 5.mu. C18(2) 100 .ANG. Axia 50.times.21.2 mm Id;
eluent=0.fwdarw.100% acetonitrile in water (both containing 0.05%
trifluoroacetic acid) over 7.0 min, flow=30 mL/min] afforded the
desired product,
N-{3-[4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-
-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin--
7-yl}-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (0.060 g, 0.119 mmol, 25% yield)
as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.:
0.94 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.50-1.54 (2H, m), 1.64-1.70 (1H, m), 2.99
(3H, bs), 3.28 (3H, bs), 4.29-4.32 (2H, m), 5.74 (1H, s), 6.12 (1H,
bs), 6.49 (1H, bs), 6.90 (1H, bs), 7.30 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, bs),
7.82 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.22H.sub.26N.sub.4O.sub.6S.sub.2 506.13. found 507.25
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 8
N-{3-[1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyr-
idazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-yl}--
methanesulfonamide
##STR00086##
a) 2-Amino-5-nitro-benzenethiol
##STR00087##
A solution of 6-nitrobenzothiazole (5 g, 27.7 mmol) in ethanol (50
mL) was treated with mono hydrazine hydrate (19 g, 388 mmol). The
reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h at 25.degree. C. and
concentrated in vacuo. The resulting red oil was taken up in ethyl
acetate, carefully acidified with 0.1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid
solution until the solution turned light yellow. The reaction
mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over magnesium
sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting orange
solid was triturated with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to
afford the desired product, 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenethiol (4.1 g,
23.9 mmol, 86% yield) as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
Acetone-d.sub.6) .delta. 6.43 (bs, 2H), 6.82 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz),
7.65 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 7.88 (dd, 1H, J.sub.1=8.9 Hz, J.sub.2=2.7
Hz). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C.sub.6H.sub.6N.sub.2O.sub.2S
[M+H.sup.+] 171.01. found 193.20 [M+Na.sup.+].
b) (7-Nitro-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
##STR00088##
A solution of 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenethiol (Example 8a, 4.1 g, 23.9
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) was treated with triethylamine
(4.8 g, 47.8 mmol) and ethyl chloroacetoacetate (4.3 g, 26.3 mmol).
The reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 12 h,
concentrated in vacuo, taken up in ethyl acetate, and heated at
80.degree. C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to
25.degree. C., washed with brine solution, dried over sodium
sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting brown solid was
triturated with diethyl ether to afford the desired product,
(7-nitro-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (5.8 g,
20.7 mmol, 87% yield) as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.32 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.49 (s, 2H), 4.21 (q,
2H, J=7.0 Hz), 4.89 (s, 1H), 6.91 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 8.00 (dd, 1H,
J.sub.1=9.5 Hz, J.sub.2=2.3 Hz), 8.12 (d, 1H, J=3.1 Hz), 10.95 (bs,
1H). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C.sub.12H.sub.12N.sub.2O.sub.4S
[M+H.sup.+] 281.05. found 281.23 [M+H.sup.+].
c) (7-Amino-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
##STR00089##
A solution of (7-nitro-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl
ester (Example 8b, 5.8 g, 20.7 mmol) in ethanol (90 mL) was treated
with tin (II) chloride and 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution
(3 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 3 h.
The suspension was allowed to cool and concentrated. The crude
material was suspended in ethyl acetate (90 mL) and treated with
6.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (90 mL). The resulting
precipitate was filtered. The filter cake was thoroughly washed
with ethyl acetate, the filtrated was washed with brine solution,
and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified by flash
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, ethyl
acetate/hexanes) to afford the desired product,
(7-amino-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (2.38
g, 9.51 mmol, 46% yield) as a white solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.21 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.30 (s, 2H), 3.43 (bs,
2H), 4.08 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.52 (s, 1H), 6.39 (dd, 1H,
J.sub.1=8.3 Hz, J.sub.2=2.7 Hz), 6.46 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 6.62 (d,
1H, J=7.6 Hz), 10.38 (bs, 1H). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.12H.sub.14N.sub.2O.sub.2S [M+H.sup.+] 251.08. found 251.23
[M+H.sup.+].
d) (7-Methanesulfonylamino-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid
ethyl ester
##STR00090##
A solution of (7-amino-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl
ester (Example 8c, 2.38 g, 9.51 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 mL)
was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with triethylamine (3.1 g,
30.4 mmol) followed by dropwise addition of methanesulfonyl
chloride (1.37 g, 9.51 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at
0.degree. C. for 0.5 h and allowed to warm to 25.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and purified by flash
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, ethyl
acetate/hexanes) to afford the desired product,
(7-methanesulfonylamino-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid
ethyl ester (2.2 g, 6.7 mmol, 71% yield) as a light tan solid.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.31 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz),
3.00 (s, 3H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 4.19 (quartet, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.73 (s,
1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 6.85 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 6.99 (dd, 1H,
J.sub.1=8.5 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz), 7.12 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 10.64 (bs,
1H). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C.sub.13H.sub.16N.sub.2O.sub.4S
[M+H.sup.+] 329.06. found 329.10 [M+H.sup.+].
e)
[7-(Methanesulfonyl-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-amino)-4-tert-butyloxycarbony-
l-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
##STR00091##
A solution of
(7-methanesulfonylamino-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid
ethyl ester (Example 8d, 2.2 g, 6.7 mmol) in anhydrous
tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) was treated with di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate
(3.2 g, 14.7 mmol) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (0.82 g, 6.7
mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. under a
nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and
the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. The resulting
solution was washed with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution,
the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified by flash
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, ethyl
acetate/hexanes) to afford the desired product,
[7-(methanesulfonyl-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-amino)-4-tert-butyloxycarbonyl--
4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester (1.59 g, 3.01
mmol, 45% yield) as a colorless resin. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.16 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.52 (s,
9H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.67 (bs, 2H), 4.07 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 6.26 (s,
1H), 7.09 (1H, J.sub.1=0.0 Hz, J.sub.2=0.0 Hz), 7.08-7.11 (m, 2H),
7.42 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.23H.sub.32N.sub.2O.sub.8S.sub.2 [M+H.sup.+] 529.16. found
429.48 [M-Boc.sup.+].
f)
[7-(Methanesulfonyl-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-amino)-4-tert-butyloxycarbony-
l-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic
acid ethyl ester
##STR00092##
A solution of
[7-(methanesulfonyl-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-amino)-4-tert-butyloxycarbonyl--
4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester (Example 8e,
1.59 g, 3.01 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was treated with
3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (2.23 g, 12.9 mmol). The reaction
mixture was stirred for 12 h at 25.degree. C. A solution of aqueous
sodium thiosulfate (2.0 g, 12.9 mmol) was added, and the reaction
was stirred for an additional 0.5 h. The organic layer was
separated, washed sequentially with 1.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide
solution, 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, saturated
aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and brine, dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was
purified by flash chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m,
ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford the desired product,
[7-(methanesulfonyl-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-amino)-4-tert-butyloxycarbonyl--
1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic
acid ethyl ester (1.1 g, 1.96 mmol, 64% yield) as a white solid.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.23 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz),
1.50 (s, 9H), 1.56 (s, 9H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 4.15 (q,
2H, J=7.4 Hz), 6.40 (s, 1H), 7.45 (dd, 1H, J.sub.1=9.1 Hz,
J.sub.2=2.7 Hz), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 7.91 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz).
LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C.sub.23H.sub.32N.sub.2O.sub.8S.sub.2
[M+H.sup.+] 560.16. found 361.18 [M-(2.times.Boc).sup.+].
g)
(7-Methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]-
thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
##STR00093##
A solution of
[7-(methanesulfonyl-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-amino)-4-tert-butyloxycarbonyl--
1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl]-acetic
acid ethyl ester (Example 8f, 0.30 g, 0.54 mmol) in 1:1
dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic acid was stirred at 25.degree. C.
for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the
residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The solution was washed
with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine
solution. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product,
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (0.17 g, 0.47 mmol, 86% yield)
as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.32
(t, 3H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.03 (s, 3H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 4.21 (q, 2H, J=7.0
Hz), 5.02 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 7.02 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.53 (dd,
1H, J.sub.1=8.7 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz), 7.65 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 10.73
(s, 1H). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.13H.sub.16N.sub.2O.sub.6S.sub.2 [M+H.sup.+] 361.04. found
361.18 [M+H.sup.+].
h)
(7-Methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]-
thiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid
##STR00094##
A solution of
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (Example 8g, 0.245 g, 0.680
mmol) in methanol (15 mL) was cooled to 0.degree. C. in an
ice-water bath and treated with 2.0 M aqueous lithium hydroxide
solution (1.7 mL, 3.40 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to
warm to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction was poured
into 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (50 mL) on ice,
extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.50 mL), dried over magnesium
sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give an orange
solid. The crude solid was triturated with diethyl ether to afford
the desired product,
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid (0.175 g, 0.526 mmol, 77% yield) as a light
orange solid. LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.11H.sub.12N.sub.2O.sub.6S.sub.2 332.4. found 333.3
[M+H.sup.+].
i)
N-{3-[1-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]-
pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-y-
l}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00095##
N,N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.476 mL of a 1.0 M solution in
dichloromethane, 0.476 mmol) was added to a solution of
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid (Example 8h, 0.190 g, 0.572 mmol) and
1-(3,3-dimethyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester (Example 4c, 0.119 g, 0.475 mmol) in a 3:1 mixture of
dichloromethane and N,N-dimethylformamide (6 mL) at 25.degree. C.
The reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 1 h then was
filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue
was dissolved in ethanol (12 mL) at 25.degree. C. A 21% solution of
sodium ethoxide in ethanol (0.23 mL, 0.71 mmol) was added and the
reaction mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 5 h. After cooling
to 25.degree. C., the mixture was partitioned between 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (150 mL) and ethyl acetate (2.times.150
mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered
and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by flash
column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m,
40.fwdarw.100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded a solid which was
triturated with diethyl ether to afford the desired product,
N-{3-[1-(3,3-dimethyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]py-
ridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-yl}-
-methanesulfonamide (0.101 g, 0.20 mmol, 42% yield) as a yellow
solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 1.07 (9H, s),
1.65-1.72 (2H, m), 3.09 (3H, s), 4.25-4.29 (2H, m), 5.54 (2H, s),
6.43-6.45 (1H, m), 7.01-7.03 (1H, m), 7.08-7.09 (1H, m), 7.30 (1H,
d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.39 (1H, bs), 7.61 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=2.3 Hz,
J.sub.2=8.6 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.22H.sub.26N.sub.4O.sub.6S.sub.2 506.13. found 507.27
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 9
N-{3-[1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrida-
zin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl-
}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00096##
a) 1-(4-Fluoro-benzylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester
##STR00097##
Sodium cyanoborohydride (2.29 g, 36.4 mmol) was added to a solution
of 1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example 1b,
3.03 g, 18.2 mmol), 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1.96 mL, 18.3 mmol) and
acetic acid (6 mL), in methanol (120 mL) at 25.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 18 h, and then
was concentrated in vacuo to a volume of about 30 mL. The remaining
liquid was partitioned between half-saturated aqueous sodium
bicarbonate solution (150 mL) and a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate
and hexanes (2.times.200 mL). The organic layers were dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of
the residue by flash column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60,
40-63 .mu.m, 0.fwdarw.40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded the
desired product, 1-(4-fluoro-benzylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic
acid allyl ester (1.87 g, 6.8 mmol, 37% yield) as a clear
liquid.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 4.08 (2H, d, J=5.4 Hz),
4.75-4.77 (1H, m), 5.27-5.30 (1H, m), 5.37-5.41 (1H, m), 5.95-5.97
(1H, m), 5.98-6.05 (1H, m), 6.58-6.61 (1H, m), 6.75-6.76 (1H, m),
6.89-6.91 (1H, m), 6.97-7.01 (2H, m), 7.22-7.25 (2H, m).
b)
1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..-
sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00098##
N,N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (4.33 mL of a 1.0 M solution in
dichloromethane, 4.33 mmol) was added to a solution of
(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-
-acetic acid (Example 4b, 1.58 g, 4.32 mmol) and
1-(4-fluoro-benzylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
(Example 9a, 1.08 g, 3.94 mmol) in a 4:1 mixture of dichloromethane
and N,N-dimethylformamide (25 mL) at 25.degree. C. The reaction
mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 2.5 h then was filtered.
The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was
dissolved in ethanol (20 mL) at 25.degree. C. A 21% solution of
sodium ethoxide in ethanol (8.0 mL, 24.6 mmol) was added and the
reaction mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 8 h. After cooling
to 25.degree. C., the mixture was partitioned between 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (150 mL) and ethyl acetate (2.times.150
mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered
and concentrated in vacuo to give a dark solid. Trituration of this
material with methanol afforded a grey solid that was collected by
vacuum filtration to afford the desired product,
1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..su-
p.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(1.42 g, 2.52 mmol, 64% yield). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta.: 5.64 (2H, s), 6.58-6.60 (1H, m), 7.01-7.02 (1H, m),
7.14-7.18 (2H, m), 7.42-7.46 (2H, m), 7.70-7.70 (1H, m), 8.02-8.04
(1H, m), 8.12-8.12 (1H, m), 13.70 (1H, s).
c)
N-{3-[1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyr-
idazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-
-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00099##
1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..su-
p.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 9b, 0.257 g, 0.455 mmol), potassium phosphate (tribasic)
(0.483 g, 2.28 mmol), copper(I) iodide (0.022 g, 0.11 mmol),
sarcosine (0.024 g, 0.273 mmol, and methanesulfonamide (0.433 g,
4.55 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (9 mL) at
25.degree. C. The mixture was heated to 100.degree. C. for 6 h,
then was allowed to cool to 25.degree. C., diluted with ethyl
acetate (10 mL), and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was
concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 0.fwdarw.10%
methanol in dichloromethane) to afford a yellow solid. Sequential
trituration of this material with methanol and diethyl ether
afforded the desired product,
N-{3-[1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrid-
azin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-y-
l}-methanesulfonamide (0.113 g, 0.21 mmol, 47% yield) as a yellow
solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 3.08 (3H, s),
5.65 (2H, s), 6.59-6.61 (1H, m), 7.01-7.02 (1H, m), 7.14-7.18 (2H,
m), 7.42-7.46 (2H, m), 7.54 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=2.3 Hz, J.sub.2=8.6
Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz), 7.66 (1H, d, J=8.9 Hz), 7.71 (1H, s),
10.21 (1H, s), 13.66 (1H, s). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.22H.sub.18FN.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2 531.07. found 532.10
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 10
N-{3-[1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrida-
zin-3-yl]-1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl}--
N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
##STR00100##
1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..su-
p.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 9b, 0.269 g, 0.477 mmol), potassium phosphate (tribasic)
(0.506 g, 2.38 mmol), copper(I) iodide (0.023 g, 0.119 mmol),
sarcosine (0.026 g, 0.290 mmol, and N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
(0.520 g, 4.77 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (9 mL)
at 25.degree. C. The mixture was heated to 100.degree. C. for 6 h,
then was allowed to cool to 25.degree. C., diluted with ethyl
acetate (10 mL), and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was
concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 0.fwdarw.10%
methanol in dichloromethane) to afford a yellow solid. Sequential
trituration of this material with methanol and diethyl ether
afforded the desired product,
N-{3-[1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrid-
azin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-y-
l}-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (0.169 g, 0.31 mmol, 65% yield) as a
yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 3.02
(3H, s), 3.31 (3H, s), 5.65 (2H, s), 6.59-6.61 (1H, m), 7.01-7.03
(1H, m), 7.14-7.19 (2H, m), 7.42-7.46 (2H, m), 7.68-7.71 (2H, m),
7.75 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, J.sub.2=8.7 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J=2.2
Hz), 13.72 (1H, s). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.23H.sub.20FN.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2 545.08. found 546.15
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 11
3-[7-(1,1-Dioxo-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dih-
ydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl]-1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hyd-
roxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00101##
a)
Tributyl-(1,1-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-stanna-
ne
##STR00102##
n-Butyllithium (6.72 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexanes, 10.7 mmol)
was added over 5 min to a solution of 2,3-dihydro-thiophene
1,1-dioxide (1.21 g, 10.2 mmol, prepared as described in J.
Organomet. Chem., 665, 167 (2003)) in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) at
-78.degree. C. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78.degree. C.
for 30 min, then tributyltin chloride (3.04 mL, 11.2 mmol) was
added over 5 min. After stirring at -78.degree. C. for 45 min, the
mixture was warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for an additional
45 min then was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with
chloroform (50 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was partitioned
between water (100 mL) and a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and
hexanes (1.times.200 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered and was concentrated in vacuo. Purification of
the residue by flash column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60,
40-63 .mu.m, 20.fwdarw.30% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded the
desired product,
tributyl-(1,1-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-stannane
(1.13 g, 2.77 mmol, 27% yield) as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 0.90-0.95 (9H, m), 1.15-1.21 (6H, m),
1.29-1.40 (8H, m), 1.50-1.67 (6H, m), 2.96-3.00 (1H, m), 3.11-3.14
(1H, m), 6.57 (1H, t, J=3.1 Hz).
b)
3-[7-(1,1-Dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-1,1-dioxo--
1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl]-1-(4-fluoro-benzyl-
)-4-hydroxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00103##
1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..su-
p.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 9b, 0.207 g, 0.371 mmol),
tributyl-(1,1-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-stannane
(Example 11a, 0.181 g, 0.442 mmol) and
tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.025 g, 0.020 mmol) were
dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (8 mL) at 25.degree. C. The
mixture was heated to 90.degree. C. for 24 h, then was allowed to
cool to 25.degree. C. and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was
concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 0.fwdarw.7%
methanol in dichloromethane) to afford a brown solid. This material
was re-chromatographed (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m,
40.fwdarw.100% ethyl acetate in hexanes, followed by 100% ethyl
acetate, followed by 0.fwdarw.7% methanol in dichloromethane) to
afford the desired product,
3-[7-(1,1-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-1,1-dioxo-1,-
4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl]-1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)--
4-hydroxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one (0.100 g, 0.180 mmol, 48.6%
yield). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.25H.sub.19FN.sub.4O.sub.6S.sub.2 554.07. found 555.00
[M+H.sup.+].
c)
3-[7-(1,1-Dioxo-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-1,1-dioxo-1,4--
dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl]-1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-4--
hydroxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00104##
3-[7-(1,1-Dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-1,1-dioxo-1,-
4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl]-1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)--
4-hydroxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one (Example 11b, 0.100 g,
0.180 mmol) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) at
25.degree. C. Palladium on carbon (5%, 0.250 g) was added and the
atmosphere in the reaction flask replaced with hydrogen from a
balloon. After stirring for 1 h under a hydrogen balloon, the
mixture was filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated
in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 0.fwdarw.3%
methanol in dichloromethane) to afford a yellow solid. Trituration
of this material with diethyl ether afforded the desired product,
3-[7-(1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1.lamda..sup.6-thiophen-2-yl)-1,1-dioxo-1,4-di-
hydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl]-1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hy-
droxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one (0.028 g, 0.050 mmol, 28%
yield). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 2.08-2.18 (1H,
m), 2.23-2.29 (1H, m), 2.32-2.43 (1H, m), 3.20-3.28 (1H, m),
3.31-3.37 (1H, m), 4.56-4.61 (1H, m), 5.65 (2H, s), 6.60 (2H, d,
J=7.0 Hz), 6.59-6.61 (1H, m), 7.02-7.03 (1H, m), 7.14-7.18 (2H, m),
7.42-7.46 (1H, m), 7.67-7.75 (2H, m), 7.87 (1H, bs), 13.73 (1H, s).
LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C.sub.25H.sub.21FN.sub.4O.sub.6S.sub.2
556.09. found 557.15 [M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 12
3-(1,1-Dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(4--
fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00105##
3-(1,1-Dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(4-
-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one was
obtained as a by-product from the reaction described in Example
11b. Column chromatography as described above afforded the desired
product,
3-(1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(4-
-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one (0.020 g,
0.046 mmol, 8.1% yield) as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 5.65 (2H, s), 6.59 (1H, bs), 7.00-7.01 (1H,
m), 7.14-7.18 (2H, m), 7.42-7.46 (2H, m), 7.48-7.52 (1H, m),
7.60-7.62 (1H, m), 7.69-7.75 (2H, m), 7.87-7.89 (1H, m), 13.69 (1H,
s). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C.sub.21H.sub.15FN.sub.4O.sub.4S.sub.2
438.08. found 439.20 [M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 13
Cyclopropanesulfonic acid
{3-[4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazi-
n-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl}--
amide
##STR00106##
a)
4-Hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]th-
iadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00107##
4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-
-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Example 1f, 0.218 g, 0.75 mmol) was
dissolved in pyridine (1.5 mL) and
2-amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide (Example 4a, 0.222 g, 0.75 mmol)
was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 120.degree. C. for 16
h, and then 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.12 mL, 0.78 mmol)
was added an heated for another 4 h. The pyridine was removed in
vacuo to afford the crude desired product. Purification by flash
column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 5%-10%
methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the desired product,
4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thia-
diazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(0.110 g, 0.209 mmol, 28% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI)
calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.19IN.sub.4O.sub.4S. found 526.02. found
527.20 [M+H.sup.+].
b) Cyclopropanesulfonic acid
{3-[4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazi-
n-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl}--
amide
##STR00108##
4-Hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thia-
diazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 13a, 0.105 g, 0.199 mmol), potassium triphosphate (0.127
g, 0.598 mmol), sarcosine (0.011 g, 0.119 mmol), and copper (I)
iodide (0.015 g, 0.080 mmol) were combined. Anhydrous
N,N-dimethylformamide (7 mL) was added followed by
cyclopropanesulfonic acid amide (0.12 g, 1 mmol). The solution was
degassed while stirring under vacuum and the flask purged with
nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. Upon
cooling, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL),
washed with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2.times.100
mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo to a solid. Purification by HPLC (Column Luna 5u C18 (2) 100
.ANG. size 50.times.21.2 mm, 5 micron, 40%-95% 0.05%
trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile/0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in
water) afforded the desired product, cyclopropanesulfonic acid
{3-[4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazi-
n-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-7-yl}--
amide (0.052 g, 0.10 mmol, 50% yield) as a pale yellow powder.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 0.97 (10H, m), 1.51
(2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 1.73 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, m), 4.41 (2H, t, J=7.6
Hz), 6.72 (1H, m), 7.02 (1H, d, J=3.6 Hz), 7.58 (1H, m), 7.63 (2H,
m), 7.88 (1H, s), 10.12 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.22H.sub.25N.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2. found 519.12. found 520.3
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 14
N-{3-[6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2--
b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadia-
zin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00109##
a) 4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl
ester 2-methyl ester
##STR00110##
4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
2-methyl ester was prepared as described in Tetrahedron Lett., 44,
7809-12 (2003). 4-Oxo-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
1-tert-butyl ester 2-methyl ester (7.12 g, 29.287 mmol) was
dissolved in dichloromethane (150 mL) and cooled to -78.degree. C.
N,N-Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (23.58 g, 146.436 mmol) was
slowly added to the stirred solution over a period of 5 min. The
reaction was allowed to warm to 25.degree. C. over 16 h. The
reaction mixture was poured into ice (200 mL) and the layers were
separated. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated
aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over sodium sulfate and
filtered. The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford the crude
desired product, 4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
1-tert-butyl ester 2-methyl ester (1.90 g, 7.167 mmol, 58.1%
yield), as a yellow oil, which was in the next step without further
purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 1.44 (9H,
s), 2.47 (1H, qd, J.sub.1=13.3 Hz, J.sub.2=4.9 Hz), 2.63-2.78 (1H,
m), 3.75-3.96 (5H, m), 4.50 (5H, dm, J.sub.1=40.4 Hz, J.sub.2=0.0
Hz), 4.43-4.57 (1H, m).
b) 4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl
ester
##STR00111##
4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
2-methyl ester (Example 14a, 7.53 g, 28.403 mmol) was dissolved in
acetonitrile (330 mL) and a solution of lithium hydroxide (1.36 g,
56.807 mmol) in water (110 mL) was added. After stirring for 16 h
at 25.degree. C., the acetonitrile was removed in vacuo and the
aqueous phase was slowly acidified with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric
acid solution until a precipitate formed. The product was extracted
into ethyl acetate (3.times.50 mL) and the combined organic layers
were dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent was
removed in vacuo to afford the desired product,
4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
(1.54 g, 6.13 mmol, 95.6% yield) as a brittle, tan solid, which was
used in the next step without further purification. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 1.51 (9H, s), 2.50-2.84 (2H, m),
3.71-3.90 (2H, m), 6.73 (1H, bs).
c) 4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 2-allyl ester
1-tert-butyl ester
##STR00112##
4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
(Example 14b, 6.77 g, 26.96 mmol) was dissolved in a 5% aqueous
sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL). Allyl bromide (3.26 g, 26.96
mmol) and trioctylmethylammonium chloride ("Aliquat 336", 10.90 g,
26.97 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and were
added to the aqueous solution. The biphasic reaction mixture was
stirred vigorously for 48 h at 25.degree. C. The layers were
separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane
(3.times.70 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium
sulfate and filtered. The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford
the crude desired product, which was purified by flash column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 20% ethyl acetate
in hexanes) to afford the desired product,
4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 2-allyl ester
1-tert-butyl ester (5.85 g, 20.09 mmol, 74.5% yield) as a clear,
slightly yellowish oil. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.:
1.44 (9H, s), 2.43-2.54 (1H, m), 2.64-2.80 (1H, m), 3.78-3.94 (2H,
m), 4.46-4.73 (3H, m), 5.24-5.37 (2H, m), 5.87-5.96 (1H, m).
d) 4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
trifluoroacetic acid salt
##STR00113##
4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 2-allyl ester
1-tert-butyl ester (Example 14c, 5.85 g, 20.09 mmol) was dissolved
in a 5% solution of trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane and
stirred at 25.degree. C. for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo
and the crude 4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester (6.14 g, 20.09 mmol, 100% yield) was obtained as the
trifluoroacetic acid salt, which was used in the next step without
further purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.:
2.75-2.86 (1H, m), 2.90-3.02 (1H, m), 3.76-3.93 (2H, m), 4.68-4.78
(3H, m), 5.33-5.39 (2H, m), 5.84-5.94 (1H, m).
e) 4-Fluoro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
##STR00114##
To a solution of 4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester trifluoroacetic acid salt (Example 14d, 6.13 g, 20.08 mmol)
in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) was added manganese(IV)
dioxide and the reaction mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 4
h. The mixture was filtered over Celite, and was washed with hot
and then cold tetrahydrofuran. The filtrate was concentrated in
vacuo to give a dark orange oil. The oil was dissolved in ethyl
acetate and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous
sodium bicarbonate solution. The solvent was removed in vacuo to
give an orange oil, which was purified by flash column
chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 30% ethyl acetate
in hexanes) to afford the desired product,
4-fluoro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (3.01 g, 17.80
mmol, 88.7% yield) as a yellow oil. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 4.77 (2H, d, J=5.7 Hz), 5.29 (1H, d, J=10.2
Hz), 5.38 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz), 5.94-6.04 (1H, m), 6.64-6.65 (1H, m),
6.72-6.74 (1H, m), 8.91 (1H, bs).
f) 1-Amino-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
##STR00115##
1-Amino-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester was
prepared following the N-amination procedure described in
Tetrahedron Lett., 47, 5341-43 (2006).
4-Fluoro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example 14e,
2.49 g, 14.74 mmol) was mixed together with solid ammonium chloride
(4.81 g, 90.75 mmol), 30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (42.4
mL), 29.56% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (13.71 mL) and
trioctylmethylammonium chloride ("Aliquat.RTM. 336", 0.166 g, 0.411
mmol) in methyl tert-butyl ether (50 mL). Under vigorous stirring,
a 6.15% aqueous bleach solution ("Chlorox", 146 mL) was slowly
added via addition funnel upon which the color of the solution
turned orange. After stirring for 2 h at 25.degree. C., the layers
were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with methyl
tert-butyl ether (2.times.10 mL). The combined organic layers were
washed with a saturated sodium thiosulfate solution (50 mL) and the
organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The
solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was purified by
flash column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 20%
ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford the desired product,
1-amino-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (2.02 g,
10.99 mmol, 62.1% yield). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.: 4.73 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 5.26-5.29 (1H, m), 5.34-5.40 (1H,
m), 5.52 (2H, bs), 5.93-6.02 (1H, m), 6.49-6.53 (1H, m), 6.78-6.80
(1H, m).
g) 4-Fluoro-1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
allyl ester
##STR00116##
To a solution of 1-amino-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
allyl ester (Example 14f, 0.5 g, 2.717 mmol) in methanol (20 mL)
were added isovaleraldehyde (0.257 g, 2.988 mmol) and sodium
cyanoborohydride (0.256 g, 4.075 mmol). The mixture was stirred for
20 h at 25.degree. C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the
crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (Merck
silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford
the desired product,
4-fluoro-1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester (0.264 g, 1.039 mmol, 38.2% yield) as a yellow oil. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 0.91 (3H, s), 0.93 (3H, s),
1.38-1.45 (2H, m), 1.63-1.80 (1H, m), 3.00-3.05 (2H, m), 4.74-4.76
(1H, m), 5.29 (1H, d, J=10.4 Hz), 5.38 (1H, d, J=18.8 Hz),
5.94-6.03 (1H, m), 6.52-6.56 (1H, m), 6.79-6.81 (1H, m).
h)
1-[(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-4-fluoro-1H-pyrro-
le-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
##STR00117##
4-Fluoro-1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl
ester (Example 14g, 0.24 g, 0.944 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and methyl malonyl chloride was added under a
nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated to 100.degree.
C. for 1 h. Upon cooling to 25.degree. C., saturated aqueous sodium
bicarbonate solution was added and the product was extracted with
50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. The combined organic layers were dried
over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford
the crude desired product,
1-[(2-ethoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-4-fluoro-1H-
-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (0.335 g, 0.944 mmol, 100%
yield) as a pale yellow oil, which was used in the next step
without further purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.: 0.90 (3H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 0.92 (3H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 1.37-1.46
(1H, m), 1.54-1.64 (1H, m), 1.69-1.78 (1H, m), 3.13 (2H, d, J=3.1
Hz), 3.70 (3H, s), 4.16-4.26 (2H, m), 4.73 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz),
5.28-5.31 (1H, m), 5.37 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=17.2 Hz, J.sub.2=1.6 Hz),
5.91-6.01 (1H, m), 6.69-6.76 (2H, m).
i)
6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]p-
yridazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
##STR00118##
To a solution of
1-[(2-ethoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrole--
2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example 14h, 0.318 g, 0.898 mmol) in
ethanol (10 mL) was added a 21% solution of sodium ethoxide in
ethanol (0.728 g, 2.245 mmol) and the mixture was heated at
40.degree. C. for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the
residue was purified by flash column chromatography (Merck silica
gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes, then 10%
methanol in dichloromethane) to afford the desired product,
6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyr-
idazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.137 g, 0.441 mmol, 49.1%
yield) as a yellow oil. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.:
0.99 (3H, s), 1.00 (3H, s), 1.44 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.58-1.63 (2H,
m), 1.67-1.75 (1H, m), 4.18-4.22 (2H, m), 4.44 (2H, quartet, J=7.1
Hz), 6.55 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, m).
j)
6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo-
[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
##STR00119##
6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyr-
idazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Example 14i, 136.7 mg, 0.441
mmol) and 2-amino-5-iodo-benzenesulfonamide (Example 4a, 131.3 mg,
0.441 mmol) were mixed in anhydrous pyridine (2 mL) and heated at
120.degree. C. for 3 h. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (200
.mu.L) was added and the mixture was heated at 120.degree. C. for
16 h. Purification by flash column chromatography (Merck silica gel
60, 40-63 .mu.m, 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded the desired
product,
6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1-
,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(0.047 g, 0.086 mmol, 19.5% yield) as a dark purple solid. LC-MS
(ESI) calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.18FIN.sub.4O.sub.4S 544.01. found
544.97 [M+H.sup.+].
k)
N-{3-[6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1-
,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thia-
diazin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00120##
6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-(7-iodo-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1-
,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one
(Example 14j, 0.047 g, 0.086 mmol), potassium triphosphate (0.055
g, 0.258 mmol), sarcosine (0.0046 g, 0.0516 mmol), and copper (I)
iodide (0.0066 g, 0.0344 mmol) were combined. Anhydrous
N,N-dimethylformamide (3 mL) was added followed by
methanesulfonamide (0.0245 g, 0.258 mmol). The flask was purged
with nitrogen and the mixture was stirred at 100.degree. C. for 16
h. Upon cooling, the mixture was filtered over Celite, washed with
ethyl acetate and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Purification by
preparative HPLC (Column Luna 5.mu. C18 (2) 100 .ANG. size
150.times.21.2 mm, 5 micron, 40%-95% in 11 min 25 mL/min flow rate,
0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile/0.05% trifluoroacetic
acid in water) afforded the desired product,
N-{3-[6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-
-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadi-
azin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide (0.0068 g, 0.0133 mmol, 15.4% yield)
as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 0.96 (3H,
s), 0.97 (3H, s), 1.53-1.59 (2H, m), 1.66-1.76 (1H, m), 3.07 (3H,
s), 4.32 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 6.83 (1H, bs), 7.51-7.63 (3H, m), 8.06
(1H, bs), 10.17 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.20H.sub.22FN.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2 511.10. found 512.3
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 15
N-{3-[6-Cyano-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b-
]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiaz-
in-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00121##
a) 4-Cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00122##
4-Cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester was prepared as
described in Can. J. Chem., 59, 2673-76 (1981).
1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2.00 g, 16.00 mmol) was
dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and the solution was cooled to
-20.degree. C. Chlorosulfonylisocyanate (3.40 g, 24.00 mmol) was
dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and added dropwise via syringe
over a period of 5 min to the above solution. The solution was
allowed to warm to 25.degree. C. and was stirred for 20 h. The
solution was cooled back to 0.degree. C., N,N-dimethylformamide (2
mL) was added and the solution was heated to 50.degree. C. for 15
min. The reaction mixture was poured into ice and was extracted
with chloroform, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate
solution, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. Purification by flash column chromatography (Merck silica
gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m, 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded the
desired product, 4-cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
(1.09 g, 7.265 mmol, 45.4% yield) as an off-white solid. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 3.91 (3H, s), 7.12 (1H, t, J=2.0
Hz), 7.40-7.41 (1H, m), 9.60 (1H, bs). FT-IR (ATR) .nu..sub.max
(neat): 2228, 1691 cm.sup.-1.
b) 1-Amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00123##
Solid ammonium chloride (5.8 g, 109.4 mmol) was suspended in
diethyl ether (300 mL) and the suspension was cooled to -5.degree.
C. To this were added 29.56% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution
(16 mL) and 6.15% aqueous bleach solution ("Chlorox", 240 mL) over
a period of 15 min. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at
-5.degree. C. and then the layers were separated. The organic layer
was washed with brine, filtered over sodium sulfate and stored over
solid calcium chloride at -5.degree. C.
4-Cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Example 15a,
1.09 g, 7.265 mmol) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL)
and a 60% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (0.378 g,
9.445 mmol) was added. After stirring for 1 h at 25.degree. C., the
above .about.0.36 M solution of monochloramine in ether (26 mL,
9.445 mmol) was added and stirred for 2 h at 25.degree. C. The
reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate
solution followed by water. The layers were separated and the
aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether. The combined
organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude desired product,
1-amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, which
was used in the next step without further purification. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 3.88 (3H, s), 5.67 (2H, bs), 7.07
(1H, d, J=1.7 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz).
c) 4-Cyano-1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
methyl ester
##STR00124##
The crude 1-amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
(Example 15b, 0.60 g, 3.635 mmol) and isovaleraldehyde (0.313 g,
3.635 mmol) were dissolved in isopropanol (15 mL) and heated at
50.degree. C. for 72 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford
the imine as a yellowish oil. The intermediate was dissolved in
methanol (20 mL) and sodium borohydride (0.206 g, 5.453 mmol) was
added. After stirring at 25.degree. C. for 30 min, the reaction was
quenched with 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution. The aqueous layer
was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers
were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
Purification by flash column chromatography (Merck silica gel 60,
40-63 .mu.m, 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded the desired
product, 4-cyano-1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (0.604 g, 2.591 mmol, 71.3% yield) as a yellowish
oil. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 0.92 (3H, s), 0.94
(3H, s), 1.37-1.43 (2H, m), 1.64-1.74 (1H, m), 2.99-3.04 (2H, m),
3.88 (3H, s), 6.40 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 7.36
(1H, d, J=2.2 Hz). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.12H.sub.17N.sub.3O.sub.2 235.13. found 236.3 [M+H.sup.+].
d)
4-Cyano-1-[(2-ethoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-1H-pyrrole-
-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00125##
To a solution of
4-cyano-1-(3-methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl
ester (Example 15c, 0.600 g, 2.552 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane
(25 mL) was added methyl malonyl chloride (0.383 g, 2.807 mmol) and
the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 3 h. Upon
cooling, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium
bicarbonate solution and was extracted with 50% ethyl
acetate/hexanes (3.times.30 mL). The combined organic layers were
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to
afford the crude desired product,
4-cyano-1-[(2-ethoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-1H--
pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester as a yellowish oil, which
was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI)
calcd for C.sub.16H.sub.21N.sub.3O.sub.5 335.15. found 336.4
[M+H.sup.+].
e)
6-Cyano-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]py-
ridazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
##STR00126##
To a solution of crude
4-cyano-1-[(2-ethoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-1H-pyrrole-2-
-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Example 15d, 2.552 mmol) in ethanol
(30 mL) was added a 21% solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol
(2.07 g, 6.380 mmol) and the mixture was heated at 40.degree. C.
for 16 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was quenched with 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution and brine. The aqueous mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to
afford the crude desired product,
6-cyano-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyri-
dazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a yellow solid, which was
used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI)
calcd for C.sub.16H.sub.19N.sub.3O.sub.4 317.14. found 318.3
[M+H.sup.+]. FT-IR (ATR) .nu..sub.max (neat): 2231, 1642, 1610
cm.sup.-1.
f)
N-{3-[6-Cyano-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,-
2-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiad-
iazin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00127##
A solution of
6-cyano-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyri-
dazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Example 15e, 0.25 g, 0.788
mmol) and 2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
(Example 3d, 0.209 g, 0.788 mmol) in pyridine (4 mL) was heated to
120.degree. C. for 3 h. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (200
.mu.L) was added and the mixture was heated at 120.degree. C. for
16 h. The reaction mixture was passed through a plug of silica gel
and eluted with 50%.fwdarw.100% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The
solvents were removed in vacuo and purification by preparative HPLC
(Column Luna 5.mu. C18 (2) 100 .ANG. size 150.times.21.2 mm, 5
micron, 40%-95% in 11 min 25 mL/min flow rate, 0.05%
trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile/0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in
water) afforded the desired product,
N-{3-[6-cyano-4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2--
b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadia-
zin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide (0.0275 g, 0.0531 mmol, 6.7% yield).
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 0.94 (3H, s), 0.96
(3H, s), 1.17-1.23 (2H, m), 1.51-1.57 (2H, m), 1.65-1.75 (1H, m),
5.74 (1H, s), 3.05 (3H, s), 7.40 (1H, s), 7.49-7.57 (3H, m), 8.51
(1H, s), 10.12 (1H, s), 13.75 (1H, s). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.21H.sub.22N.sub.6O.sub.6S.sub.2 518.10. found 519.4
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 16
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridaz-
in-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-yl}-meth-
anesulfonamide
##STR00128##
a)
1-[[2-(7-Methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benz-
o[1,4]
thiazin-3-yl)-acetyl]-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-
ic acid allyl ester
##STR00129##
(7-Methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]th-
iazin-3-yl)-acetic acid (Example 8i, 0.1 g, 0.3 mmol) was dissolved
in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (3 mL).
1-(3-Methyl-butylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
(Example 1c, 0.07 g, 0.3 mmol) was added followed by
1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.06
g, 0.315 mmol). Then N-methylmorpholine (0.07 mL, 0.63 mmol) was
added into the above reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 4 h. The solution was poured into 1.0 M aqueous
hydrochloric acid solution (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted
with ethyl acetate (2.times.50 mL). The organic phase was dried
over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford
the crude desired product,
1-[[2-(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[-
1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetyl]-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic
acid allyl ester (0.3 mmol) as a yellow oil, which was used in the
next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.24H.sub.30N.sub.4O.sub.7S.sub.2 550.16. found 551.6
[M+H.sup.+].
b)
N-{3-[4-Hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyri-
dazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-yl}-m-
ethanesulfonamide
##STR00130##
Crude
1-[[2-(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6--
benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl)-acetyl]-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-1H-pyrrole-2-carbo-
xylic acid allyl ester (Example 16a, 0.3 mmol) was dissolved in
ethanol (3 mL). A 21% solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol (0.448
mL, 1.2 mmol) was added into the above solution. The mixture was
stirred at 60.degree. C. for 4 h. Upon cooling to 25.degree. C.,
the mixture was poured into 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid
solution (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl
acetate (2.times.50 mL). The organic phase was dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a yellow
solid. Purification by flash column chromatography (Teledyne Isco
RediSep; 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes to 100% ethyl acetate in
hexanes) afforded the desired product,
N-{3-[4-hydroxy-1-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrida-
zin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,4]thiazin-7-yl}-met-
hanesulfonamide (20 mg, 0.04 mmol, 13% yield over two steps) as a
yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.: 1.05 (6H,
d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.64-1.81 (3H, m), 3.11 (3H, s), 4.24-4.31 (2H, m),
5.53 (1H, s), 6.41-6.46 (1H, m), 6.97-7.10 (3H, m), 7.30-7.33 (1H,
m), 7.60-7.64 (1H, m), 7.70-7.72 (1H, m). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.21H.sub.24N.sub.4O.sub.6S.sub.2 492.11. found 493.3
[M+H.sup.+].
EXAMPLE 17
N-{3-[1-(3-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-
-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadi-
azin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00131##
a) 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
##STR00132##
To a solution of thionyl chloride (11 mL) and
2-chloro-5-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid (4.78 g, 20.1 mmol) was added
N,N-dimethylformamide (0.92 .mu.L) and the reaction mixture was
heated to reflux for 4 h. Upon cooling, the reaction mixture was
azeotroped with toluene (2-3.times.). The sulfonyl chloride was
dissolved in a minimal amount of toluene and then added to a
mixture of concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (25 mL)
and tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) at -10.degree. C. After stirring for 2
h the reaction was quenched by adding a 6.0 M aqueous hydrochloric
acid solution until pH 4 was reached. The layers were separated and
the organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to a slurry. Pentane
was added and the product was isolated by vacuum filtration to
afford the desired product, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (2.0
g, 8.48 mmol, 42.4% yield) as a solid.
Alternatively, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide can be prepared
as follows:
4-Chloronitrobenzene (10 g, 63.5 mmol) was charged into a flask,
followed by addition of chlorosulfonic acid (21.1 mL, 317 mmol),
and heated at 120.degree. C. for 100 h. The reaction mixture was
quenched by pouring it into ice (300 mL) containing 8.0 N aqueous
ammonium hydroxide solution (200 mL), and the mixture was allowed
to stir at 25.degree. C. for 18 h. The desired product was
extracted with ethyl acetate (400 mL) and filtered through Merck
silica gel 60, 40-63 .mu.m and concentrated in vacuo. The crude
product was slurried in toluene (70 mL) at 70.degree. C. for 2 h
before filtering to afford the desired product,
2-chloro-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide (4.75 g, 20.1 mmol, 29% yield)
as a dark, brown solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta.: 7.94 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.97 (bs, 2H), 8.40 (dd, 1H,
J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=3.1 Hz), 8.64 (d, 1H, J=3.1 Hz).
b) 2-Amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
##STR00133##
A mixture of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (Example 17a, 0.88
g, 3.72 mmol), ammonium carbonate (0.88 g, 9.16 mmol), and
copper(II)sulfate (0.175 g, 1.10 mmol) in concentrated aqueous
ammonium hydroxide solution (4.4 mL) was heated for 4 h at
120.degree. C. in a pressure reaction vessel. The mixture was
allowed to cool to 25.degree. C. and the resulting solid was
collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water and dried to
afford the desired product, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
(0.295 g, 1.36 mmol, 36.5% yield) as a tan solid.
Alternatively, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide can be prepared as
follows:
To a suspension of 4-nitroanline-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (20.00
g, 83.27 mmol) in sulfolane (83 mL) was slowly added phosphorous
oxychloride (23 mL, 249.82 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The mixture was
heated at 120.degree. C. for 3.5 h, allowed to cool to 25.degree.
C. and diluted with dichloromethane (300 mL). The mixture was
filtered and the precipitate was washed with dichloromethane (200
mL). The filtrate was treated with ammonia gas for 10 minutes while
cooling in an ice bath and then stirred at 25.degree. C. for 5
minutes. The yellow solid was collected by vacuum filtration and
the precipitate was further washed with dichloromethane (300 mL,
then 200 mL), cold water (2.times.150 mL) and dried in vacuo for 16
h at 60.degree. C. to afford the desired product,
2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (8.06 g, 37.14 mmol, 44% yield)
as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.:
6.89 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (bs, 2H), 7.57 (bs, 2H), 8.07 (dd,
J.sub.1=9.0 Hz, J.sub.2=2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H).
Alternatively, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide can be prepared as
follows:
To a suspension of 4-nitroanline-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (20.00
g, 83.27 mmol) in sulfolane (83 mL) was slowly added phosphorous
oxychloride (23 mL, 249.82 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The mixture was
heated at 120.degree. C. for 3.5 h, allowed to cool to 25.degree.
C. and diluted with toluene (300 mL). The mixture was filtered and
the precipitate was washed with toluene (200 mL). The filtrate was
treated with ammonia gas for 10 minutes while cooling in an ice
bath and then stirred at 25.degree. C. for 5 minutes. The yellow
solid was collected by vacuum filtration and the precipitate was
further washed with toluene (300 mL, then 200 mL), cold water
(2.times.150 mL) and dried in vacuo for 16 h at 60.degree. C. to
afford the desired product, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (7.39
g, 34.05 mmol, 41% yield) as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 6.89 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (bs, 2H), 7.57
(bs, 2H), 8.07 (dd, J.sub.1=9.0 Hz, J.sub.2=2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d,
J=3.0 Hz, 1H).
Alternatively, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide can be prepared as
follows:
To a suspension of 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid (3.00 g,
13.75 mmol) in sulfolane (10 mL) was slowly added phosphorous
oxychloride (3.43 mL, 37.47 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The mixture was
heated at 120.degree. C. for 3.5 h, allowed to cool to 25.degree.
C. and diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL). The mixture was
filtered and the precipitate was washed with dichloromethane (50
mL). The filtrate was treated with ammonia gas for 10 minutes while
cooling in an ice bath and then stirred at 25.degree. C. for 5
minutes. The yellow solid was collected by vacuum filtration and
the precipitate was further washed with dichloromethane (2.times.50
mL), cold water (2.times.50 mL) and dried in vacuo for 16 h at
60.degree. C. to afford the desired product,
2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (1.46 g, 6.73 mmol, 49% yield) as
a brown solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 6.89
(d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (bs, 2H), 7.37 (bs, 2H), 8.07 (dd,
J.sub.1=8.9 Hz, J.sub.2=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H).
Alternatively, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide can be prepared as
follows:
To a suspension of 2-amino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid (3.00 g,
13.75 mmol) in sulfolane (10 mL) was slowly added phosphorous
oxychloride (3.43 mL, 37.47 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The mixture was
heated at 120.degree. C. for 3.5 h, allowed to cool to 25.degree.
C. and slowly poured into aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (30
mL) at 25.degree. C. The pH of the solution was adjusted to ca. 6-7
upon which a solid precipitated. The solid was collected by vacuum
filtration and the precipitate was washed water (100 mL) and dried
in vacuo for 16 h at 60.degree. C. to afford the desired product,
2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (1.87 g, 8.62 mmol, 63% yield) as
a yellow-brown solid.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 6.89 (d, J=9.1 Hz,
1H), 7.19 (bs, 2H), 7.37 (bs, 2H), 8.07 (dd, J.sub.1=8.9 Hz,
J.sub.2=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H).
c) 2,5-Diaminobenzenesulfonamide
##STR00134##
A mixture of 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (Example 17b, 10 g,
46.08 mmol), 10% palladium on charcoal (.about.1 g) in
tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) was hydrogenated for 26 h at 25.degree. C.
under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen gas via balloon. The mixture was
then filtered through Celite, washed with tetrahydrofuran, and the
solvent removed in vacuo to afford the desired product. The
catalyst/Celite mixture was slurried in methanol (400 mL) for 16 h,
filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo to afford a second
batch of the desired product, 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonamide
(combined: 7.79 g, 41.65 mmol, 90.4% yield) as a light-brown solid.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 4.54 (2H, bs), 4.98
(2H, bs), 6.55-6.60 (2H, m), 6.87 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.99 (2H, bs).
LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C.sub.6H.sub.9N.sub.3O.sub.2S 187.04. found
188.3 [M+H.sup.+].
Alternatively, 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonamide can be prepared as
follows:
i) 2-Benzylamino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide
##STR00135##
A solution of 2-chloro-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide (20 g, 84.52
mmol) in acetonitrile (169 mL) was treated with benzylamine (13.85
mL, 126.78 mmol), diisopropyl ethylamine (29.44 mL, 169.04 mmol)
and stirred for 16 h at 55.degree. C. The reaction was cooled to
25.degree. C., poured into water (1.0 L) then placed in an ice bath
while stirring. After 4 h a precipitate was filtered off and washed
with the mother liquor to afford the desired product,
2-benzylamino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide (21.65 g, 70.45 mmol,
83.3% yield) as a yellow solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta.: 4.64 (2H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 6.81 (1H, d, J=9.4 Hz), 7.23-7.44
(6H, m), 7.77 (2H, bs), 8.11 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=9.4 Hz, J.sub.2=2.3
Hz), 8.49 (1H, d, J=3.1 Hz). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.13H.sub.13N.sub.3O.sub.4S 307.06. found 308.2 [M+H.sup.+]
(100%), 615.2 [2M+H.sup.+] (81%).
ii) 2,5-Diamino-benzenesulfonamide
##STR00136##
A mixture of 2-benzylamino-5-nitro-benzenesulfonamide (Example
17ci, 15 g, 48.81 mmol) and 5% palladium on activated carbon powder
(wet, nominally 50% water, 6 g) in methanol (500 mL) was heated to
55.degree. C. The mixture was degassed while stirring and the flask
was charged with hydrogen gas via balloon. After stirring for 16 h
under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen gas, the reaction was filtered
through Celite and concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired
product, 2,5-diamino-benzenesulfonamide (8.55 g, 45.67 mmol, 93.6%
yield) as a tan solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.:
4.56 (2H, bs), 4.98 (2H, bs), 6.58-6.59 (2H, m), 6.87 (1H, d, J=1.6
Hz), 7.00 (2H, s). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.6H.sub.9N.sub.3O.sub.2S 187.04. found 188.2 [M+H.sup.+]
(100%).
d) 2-Amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide
##STR00137##
2,5-Diaminobenzenesulfonamide (Example 17c, 11.16 g, 59.61 mmol)
was dissolved in acetonitrile (300 mL) and pyridine (7.07 g, 89.41
mmol) was added. Methanesulfonyl chloride (7.17 g, 62.59 mmol) was
added dropwise over a period of 10 min and the reaction mixture was
stirred for 16 h at 25.degree. C. after which time a precipitate
had formed. Most of the acetonitrile was removed in vacuo and water
(200 mL) was added to afford a clear solution. The product slowly
started to precipitate and the mixture was placed in an ice bath
for 3 h. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and
dried under high vacuum to afford the desired product,
2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide (also made in
Examples 3d and 3d') (11.1 g, 41.84 mmol, 70.2% yield) as a brown
solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta.: 2.89 (3H, s),
6.82 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.20 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.5 Hz, J.sub.2=2.5
Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.7H.sub.11N.sub.3O.sub.4S.sub.2 265.02. found 266.0
[M+H.sup.+].
e) N-(4-Methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-malonamic acid
ethyl ester
##STR00138##
2-Amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide (Example 17d,
23.27 g, 87.81 mmol) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (100
mL) and diethyl ether (100 mL). Ethyl 3-chloro-3-oxo-propionate
(13.88 g, 92.20 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was
stirred at 25.degree. C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate (400 mL) and was extracted with water (400 mL).
The aqueous layer was back-extracted with ethyl acetate
(2.times.200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered and most of the solvent was removed in
vacuo to a volume of .about.100 mL. To the stirred solution was
added hexanes (100 mL) upon which a precipitate formed. The
precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with hexanes
and dried under high vacuum to afford the analytically pure
product, N-(4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-malonamic
acid ethyl ester (31.22 g, 85.53 mmol, 97.4% yield) as a
light-brown solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta.: 1.31
(3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.00 (3H, s), 3.59 (2H, s), 4.25 (2H, quartet,
J=6.9 Hz), 7.42-7.45 (1H, m), 7.86 (1H, m), 7.92 (1H, d, J=8.8
Hz).
Alternatively,
N-(4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-malonamic acid ethyl
ester can be prepared as follows:
To 2-amino-5-methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide (Example 17d,
175 mg, 0.66 mmol) was added diethyl malonate (297 mg, 1.66 mmol)
and heated at 160.degree. C. for 60 min. After cooling down to
25.degree. C., a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate/hexanes (5 mL) was
added, upon which as a white solid precipitated out. The solid was
collected by vacuum filtration, washed twice with a 1:1 mixture of
ethyl acetate/hexanes, and dried under high vacuum to afford the
desired product,
N-(4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-malonamic acid ethyl
ester (179 mg, 0.47 mmol, 72% yield) as an off-white solid. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta.: 1.32 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 3.00 (s,
3H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 4.25 (quartet, 2H, J=6.8 Hz), 7.44 (dd, 1H,
J.sub.1=3.2 Hz, J.sub.2=8.4 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 7.92 (d,
1H, J=8.4 Hz). LC-MS (ESI.sup.+) calcd for
C.sub.12H.sub.17N.sub.3O.sub.7S.sub.2 379.05. found 380.1
[M+H.sup.+].
f) N-(4-Methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoylphenyl)malonamic acid
methyl ester
##STR00139##
Methyl malonyl chloride (9.05 mL, 84.4 mmol) was added dropwise
over 10 min to a solution of
2-amino-5-methanesulfonylaminobenzenesulfonamide (Example 17d,
20.35 g, 76.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (90 mL) at 0.degree.
C. The mixture was allowed to warm to 25.degree. C. and stirred at
that temperature for 1 h. A solution of sodium bicarbonate (7.09 g,
84.4 mmol) in water (200 mL) was then added via addition funnel
over 15 min (gas evolution and a mild exotherm were noted) followed
by the rapid addition of an additional volume of water (200 mL).
The resulting solution was then seeded with a small amount of
N-(4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoylphenyl)malonamic acid methyl
ester (ca. 15 mg). The mixture was stirred for 21 h at 25.degree.
C. during which time a tan precipitate formed. This material was
collected by filtration, washed with water (150 mL), and was dried
in a vacuum oven at 50.degree. C. to afford the desired product,
N-(4-methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoylphenyl)-malonamic acid methyl
ester (24.33 g, 66.6 mmol, 87% yield) as a tan solid. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 3.02 (3H, s), 3.60 (2H, s), 3.66
(3H, s), 7.38 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=2.3 Hz, J.sub.2=8.6 Hz), 7.53 (2H,
bs), 7.73 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 9.43 (1H, s),
9.99 (1H, s).
g)
(7-Methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,-
4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid
##STR00140##
N-(4-Methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-malonamic acid ethyl
ester (Example 17e, 9.55 g, 26.16 mmol) was dissolved in 8% aqueous
sodium hydroxide solution (262 mL) and heated at 100.degree. C. for
1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and the
solution was acidified by slowly adding 12.0 M aqueous hydrochloric
acid solution until pH 1-2 was reached. A precipitate started to
form and the suspension was allowed to stir for 30 min at 0.degree.
C. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with
cold water, and dried under high vacuum to afford
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]-
thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid (7.20 g, 21.621 mmol, 82.6% yield) as
a pinkish solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 3.03
(3H, s), 3.56 (2H, s), 7.33 (1H, d, J=9.1 Hz), 7.52-7.54 (2H, m),
10.09 (1H, s), 12.24 (1H, s), 13.02 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.10H.sub.11N.sub.3O.sub.6S.sub.2 333.01. found 334.1
[M+H.sup.+].
Alternatively,
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]-
thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid can be prepared from 17f as
follows:
N-(4-Methanesulfonylamino-2-sulfamoylphenyl)-malonamic acid methyl
ester (Example 17f, 21.75 g, 59.53 mmol) was dissolved in an
aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (7.14 g, 178.5 mmol; dissolved
in 180 mL water) at 25.degree. C. The reaction mixture was heated
to 100.degree. C. for 1 h, then was gradually cooled over 30 min to
0.degree. C. 12.0 M Aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (20 mL, 240
mmol) was added dropwise over 10 min via addition funnel resulting
in the formation of a tan precipitate. The mixture was allowed to
warm to 25.degree. C. and was stirred at that temperature for 21 h.
The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water (150
mL), and was dried in a vacuum oven at 45.degree. C. for 22 h to
afford
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]-
thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid (18.36 g, 55.1 mmol, 93% yield) as a
tan solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.: 3.03 (3H,
s), 3.56 (2H, s), 7.32-7.34 (1H, m), 7.51-7.54 (2H, m), 10.09 (1H,
s), 12.26 (1H, s), 13.01 (1H, bs). LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.10H.sub.11N.sub.3O.sub.6S.sub.2 333.01. found 334.1
[M+H.sup.+].
h) 1-(3-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
allyl ester
##STR00141##
Sodium cyanoborohydride (1.11 g, 16.8 mmol) was added to a solution
of 1-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example 1b,
1.12 g, 6.74 mmol), 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1.32 g, 8.08
mmol) and acetic acid (1.2 mL), in methanol (50 mL) at 25.degree.
C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 18 h,
quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and was
extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times.50 mL). The organic layers
were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. Purification of the residue by flash column chromatography
(Teledyne Isco RediSep 40 g, 0.fwdarw.40% ethyl acetate in hexanes)
afforded the desired product,
1-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
allyl ester (1.36 g, 4.41 mmol, 65% yield) as an off-white oil.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 4.06 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz),
4.76 (2H, d, J=5.3 Hz), 5.29 (1H, d, J=11.0 Hz), 5.40 (1H, d,
J=16.4 Hz), 5.96-6.05 (2H, m), 6.58 (1H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 6.76 1H, (t,
J=1.9 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=4.3 Hz, J.sub.2=1.8 Hz), 7.06 (1H,
t, J=8.6 Hz), 7.10-7.14 (1H, m), 7.33 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=7.1 Hz,
J.sub.2=1.4 Hz).
i)
1-{(3-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-[2-(7-methanesulfonylmethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-
-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetyl]-amino}-1H-pyr-
role-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester
##STR00142##
To a solution of
1-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
allyl ester (Example 17h, 150.7 mg, 0.488 mmol) in
N,N-dimethylformamide (3.0 mL) was added
(7-methanesulfonylamino-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]-
thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetic acid (Example 17f, 195.2 mg, 0.586 mmol),
4-dimethylaminopyridine (18.1 mg, 0.147 mmol), and
1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
(114.5 mg, 0.586 mmol). After stirring at 25.degree. C. for 12 h,
the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and acidified with 1.0 M
aqueous hydrochloric acid solution to pH 1. The organic layer was
separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate
(2.times.20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over
anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and dried in
vacuo to afford the crude desired product,
1-{(3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-[2-(7-methanesulfonylmethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-d-
ihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetyl]-amino}-1H-pyrro-
le-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester as a faintly yellow oil. The crude
desired product was used in the next step without further
purification. LC-MS (ESI) calcd for
C.sub.25H.sub.23ClFN.sub.5O.sub.7S.sub.2 623.07. found 624.2
[M+H.sup.+].
j)
N-{3-[1-(3-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[-
1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thi-
adiazin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide
##STR00143##
To a solution of
1-{(3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-[2-(7-methanesulfonylmethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-d-
ihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-acetyl]-amino}-1H-pyrro-
le-2-carboxylic acid allyl ester (Example 17i, 304.5 mg, 0.488
mmol) in absolute ethanol (5 mL) was added a 21% solution of sodium
ethoxide in ethanol (1.1 mL, 2.95 mmol). After stirring at
60.degree. C. for 12 h, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate
and acidified with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution upon
which a precipitate formed. The solid was collected by vacuum
filtration to afford the desired product,
N-{3-[1-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,-
2-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiad-
iazin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide (88.5 mg, 0.156 mmol, 32% yield) as
an off-white solid. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate
(2.times.20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over
anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
The crude mixture was purified by HPLC purification (Column Luna
5.mu. C18 (2) 100 .ANG. AXIA 150.times.21.2 mm, 5 micron, 25%-100%
in 12 min 30 mL/min flow rate, 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in
acetonitrile/0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water) to afford more of
the desired product,
N-{3-[1-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,-
2-b]pyridazin-3-yl]-1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-1.lamda..sup.6-benzo[1,2,4]thiad-
iazin-7-yl}-methanesulfonamide (18.4 mg, 0.033 mmol, 7% yield;
total 39% yield) as an off-white solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.06 (3H, s), 5.61 (2H, s), 6.57 (1H, s),
6.98 (1H, s), 7.37 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.52 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.5 Hz,
J.sub.2=2.4 Hz), 7.59-7.68 (4H, m), 10.17 (1H, s). LC-MS (ESI)
calcd for C.sub.22H.sub.17ClFN.sub.5O.sub.6S.sub.2 565.03. found
566.2 [M+H.sup.+].
Biological Testing
The ability of compounds of Formula I to inhibit HCV replication
can be demonstrated in the following in vitro assays.
Compounds were tested for HCV polymerase inhibition. Assays were
performed in a 96-well streptavidin-coated FlashPlate using 20 nM
enzyme, 0.5 .mu.Ci of [.alpha.-.sup.33P]GTP, 0.6 .mu.M GTP, and 250
nM 5'biotinylated oligo (rG.sub.13)/poly rC in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH
7.5, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 .mu.L bovine serum
albumin, and 100 U/mL RNAse inhibitor. The reaction was stopped by
aspiration after 75 min at 28.degree. C. and the plate was washed
several times. After washing and drying the plate, incorporated
radioactivity was counted using a Microbeta scintillation counter.
IC.sub.50 values were calculated relative to the uninhibited
control and inhibition data were fitted to a 4-parameter IC.sub.50
equation. For very potent inhibitors, the data were fitted to a
tight binding quadratic equation to obtain IC.sub.50 values.
Test results (IC.sub.50 values) for compounds of Formula I are
summarized in Table 1, wherein ++ means NS5B polymerase inhibition
with IC.sub.50 values less than 0.10 .mu.M, and + means IC.sub.50
values between 0.10 .mu.M and 3 .mu.M.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 NS5B Polymerase Example # IC50 1 + 2 + 3 ++
4 ++ 5 ++ 6 + 7 + 8 ++ 9 ++ 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 ++ 15 + 16 ++ 17
++
HCV Replicon Assay (Replicon EC.sub.50 (.mu.M))
The cell culture component of the assay is performed essentially as
described by Bartenschlager et al., Hepatology, 35, 694-703 (2002),
wherein exponentially growing HCV Huh-7/C24 replicon cells are
seeded at 4.5.times.10.sup.3 cells/well in 96 well plates and 24
hours later are treated with six point half-log concentration of
compound. After 72 hours exposure the media is discarded from the
compound assay plate and the cell monolayers are lysed by addition
of 150 .mu.l lysis mixture (Genospectra) with incubation at
53.degree. C. for 45 minutes. Following incubation, each lysate is
thoroughly mixed and 5 .mu.l (NS3 probe) or 10 .mu.l (GAPDH probe)
of each lysate is then transferred to the capture plate and
analyzed by bDNA assay.
Branched DNA (bDNA) Assay
Based on provided sequences for NS3 [AJ242652], Genospectra
(Fremont, Calif., USA) designed and synthesized probes to these
analytes (together with GAPDH). Cellular bDNA analysis is carried
out essentially as described in the Genospectra protocol (details
in Shyamala, V. et al., Anal Biochem, 266, 140-7 (1999)), wherein
target specific capture extenders, label extenders and blocking
probes are added to the capture plate after the addition of 5 or 10
.mu.l cell lysate. After annealing overnight, during which the
target RNA is captured to the plate via interaction with the
capture extenders, the plate is washed, and then amplifier (which
binds via the label extenders) and label probe are sequentially
added.
After subsequent addition of the chemilumigenic substrate
(dioxetan), each plate is read by luminometer (Wallac 1420
Multilabel HTS Counter Victor 2). The luminescence signal is
proportional to the amount of mRNA present in each lysate. In
addition to the samples, cell lysate only (no probe) background
controls are also included on each bDNA assay plate and the average
signal from these control wells is subtracted from the sample
reading prior to analysis. Percent of no drug control is determined
for both the NS3 and GAPDH signals for each compound also. Percent
inhibition is determined for each compound concentration in
relation to the no drug control to calculate the EC.sub.50.
It is to be understood that the foregoing description is exemplary
and explanatory in nature, and is intended to illustrate the
invention and its preferred embodiments. Through routine
experimentation, the artisan will recognize apparent modifications
and variations that may be made without departing from the spirit
of the invention.
* * * * *