U.S. patent number 7,627,244 [Application Number 11/209,625] was granted by the patent office on 2009-12-01 for optical transmission apparatus, continuity testing method therein, and optical transmission system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fujitsu Limited. Invention is credited to Takehiro Fujita.
United States Patent |
7,627,244 |
Fujita |
December 1, 2009 |
Optical transmission apparatus, continuity testing method therein,
and optical transmission system
Abstract
An optical transmission apparatus comprises a preamplifier
controlling unit for controlling a preamplifier so that amplified
spontaneous emission including all wavelength bands of a
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is outputted toward a wavelength
demultiplexing unit, with the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
not inputted, power monitors for monitoring optical powers of the
amplified spontaneous emission fed from the preamplifier and
wavelength-demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit, and
a determining unit for determining the continuity state of an
optical propagation path of each wavelength component on the basis
of a result of monitoring by the power monitors. The optical
transmission apparatus allows the continuity test on optical
propagation paths of channels including a channel not used at the
time of a start of the operation to be made easier than the known
techniques.
Inventors: |
Fujita; Takehiro (Kawasaki,
JP) |
Assignee: |
Fujitsu Limited (Kawasaki,
JP)
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Family
ID: |
36922100 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/209,625 |
Filed: |
August 24, 2005 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20060269284 A1 |
Nov 30, 2006 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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May 26, 2005 [JP] |
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2005-154477 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
398/19; 398/10;
398/11; 398/12; 398/14; 398/16; 398/17; 398/18; 398/25; 398/34;
398/37; 398/38; 398/83; 398/9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B
10/077 (20130101); H04B 10/296 (20130101); H04B
10/07955 (20130101); H04B 2210/258 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04B
10/08 (20060101); H04J 14/02 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;398/25,33,37,38,79,82,83,94,177,9,10,11,12,14,16,17,18,19,34 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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0790718 |
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Aug 1997 |
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EP |
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2000-004213 |
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Jan 2000 |
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JP |
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Other References
European Search Report based on EP 05018472 (dated Dec. 2, 2008).
cited by other.
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Primary Examiner: Vanderpuye; Ken N
Assistant Examiner: Dobson; Daniel G
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hanify & King, P.C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An optical transmission apparatus comprising: a preamplifier for
pre-amplifying a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted
through an input transmission line; a first control unit for
controlling said preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous
emission including all wavelength bands of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is outputted, with said
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted; a wavelength
demultiplexing unit for demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam amplified by said preamplifier into a plurality of
wavelength components, and for demultiplexing the amplified
spontaneous emission from said preamplifier into a plurality of
wavelength components; an add/drop processing unit for performing
an adding/dropping process on signal beams at the respective
wavelengths; a multiplexing unit disposed in a lower stream than
said add/drop processing unit to wavelength-multiplex the signal
beams at the respective wavelengths undergone the adding/dropping
process and to output through an output transmission line; a second
control unit for controlling said add/drop processing unit so that
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from said wavelength demultiplexing unit are outputted as
they are toward said multiplexing unit; an optical power monitor
for detecting an optical power of each of the wavelength components
of said amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop
processing unit under control of said second control unit; a
determining unit for determining a continuity state of each of
optical propagation paths of the corresponding wavelength
components in an upper stream than said optical power monitor based
on corresponding result of monitoring by said optical power
monitor; and a variable attenuator for variably attenuating the
optical power of each of the wavelength components from said
add/drop processing unit; wherein, said optical power monitor
comprises: a first optical power monitor for monitoring the optical
power of each of the wavelength components of the amplified
spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop processing unit
in the upper stream than said variable attenuator; a second optical
power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from said add/drop processing unit from the amplified
spontaneous emission wavelength-multiplexed by said multiplexing
unit; a third optical power monitor for monitoring the optical
power of each of the wavelength components attenuated by said
variable attenuator in the upper stream than said multiplexing
unit; and an attenuation quantity constant controlling unit for
controlling the variable attenuator based on results of monitoring
by said first and third power monitors so that an attenuation
quantity of said variable attenuator for each of the wavelength
components is constant; said determining unit comprises: a first
determining unit for determining a continuity state of each of said
optical propagation paths of the corresponding wavelength
components in the upper stream than said first optical power
monitor based on corresponding result of monitoring by said first
optical power monitor; and a second determining unit for
determining the continuity state of each of said optical
propagation paths of the corresponding wavelength components in the
upper stream than said second optical power monitor and the lower
stream than said third optical power monitor based on corresponding
result of monitoring by said second optical power monitor.
2. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said add/drop processing unit is inputted thereto signal beams at
respective wavelengths demultiplexed by said wavelength
demultiplexing unit through a transmission input port and
selectively outputs each of the signal beams therefrom through
either a transmission output port or a drop port, while being
inputted thereto, through said add port, a signal beam at a
wavelength corresponding to a wavelength of the signal beam
outputted through said drop port by a dropping process, and
outputting the signal beam therefrom through said transmission
output port; and said second control unit controls said add/drop
processing unit so that each of the wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said preamplifier is
inputted to said add/drop processing unit through said transmission
input port and outputted through said transmission output port.
3. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
said drop port and said add port are connected to each other at
their ends; and said second control unit controls said add/drop
processing unit so that each of the wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said preamplifier is
inputted to said add/drop processing unit through said transmission
input port, dropped through said drop port, added through said add
port, and outputted from said add/drop processing unit through said
transmission output port.
4. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said preamplifier is comprised of a fiber amplifier which is able
to amplify an input beam by means of an optical fiber pumped by a
pump beam; and said first control unit comprises a pump beam supply
controlling unit for controlling supply of the pump beam to said
optical fiber forming said fiber amplifier, with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted, to generate the
amplified spontaneous emission.
5. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
said first control unit comprises: a transmission stop requesting
unit for requesting a neighboring optical transmission apparatus
connected through said input transmission line to stop transmission
of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam through said input
transmission line when said pump beam supply controlling unit
generates the amplified spontaneous emission; and a response
receiving unit for receiving a response that the transmission of
the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from said neighboring
optical transmission apparatus has been stopped according to a
transmission stop request from said transmission stop requesting
unit; said pump beam supply controlling unit controls supply of
said pump beam when said response receiving unit receives the
response.
6. An optical transmission apparatus comprising: a preamplifier for
pre-amplifying a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted
through an input transmission line; a first control unit for
controlling said preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous
emission including all wavelength bands of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is outputted, with said
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted; a wavelength
demultiplexing unit for demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam amplified by said preamplifier into a plurality of
wavelength components, and for demultiplexing the amplified
spontaneous emission from said preamplifier into a plurality of
wavelength components; an add/drop processing unit for performing
an adding/dropping process on signal beams at the respective
wavelengths; a multiplexing unit disposed in a lower stream than
said add/drop processing unit to wavelength-multiplex the signal
beams at the respective wavelengths undergone the adding/dropping
process and to output through an output transmission line; a second
control unit for controlling said add/drop processing unit so that
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from said wavelength demultiplexing unit are outputted as
they are toward said multiplexing unit; an optical power monitor
for detecting an optical power of each of the wavelength components
of said amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop
processing unit under control of said second control unit; a
determining unit for determining a continuity state of each of
optical propagation paths of the corresponding wavelength
components in an upper stream than said optical power monitor based
on corresponding result of monitoring by said optical power
monitor; and a variable attenuator for variably attenuating an
optical power of each of the wavelength components from said
add/drop processing unit; wherein, said optical power monitor
comprises: a first power monitor for monitoring the optical power
of each of the wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous
emission outputted from said add/drop processing unit in the upper
stream than said variable attenuator; a second optical power
monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the wavelength
components of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from
said add/drop processing unit in the lower stream than said
multiplexing unit; a third optical power monitor for monitoring the
optical power of each of the wavelength components attenuated by
said variable attenuator in the upper stream than said multiplexing
unit; and a power equalizing control unit for controlling
attenuation quantities of said variable attenuator based on a
result of monitoring by said second optical power monitor so that
the optical powers of the wavelength components monitored by said
second optical power monitor are equalized; and said determining
unit comprises: a first determining unit for determining a
continuity state of an optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components in the upper stream than said first optical
power monitor based on a result of monitoring by said first optical
power monitor; and a second determining unit for measuring, from
results of monitoring by said first and third optical power
monitors, the attenuation quantity of said variable attenuator
controlled based on a result of monitoring by said second optical
power monitor to determine the continuity state of the optical
propagation path of each of the wavelength components in the upper
stream than said second optical power monitor and the lower stream
than said third optical power monitor based on a result of the
measurement.
7. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
said add/drop processing unit is inputted thereto signal beams at
respective wavelengths demultiplexed by said wavelength
demultiplexing unit through a transmission input port and
selectively outputs each of the signal beams therefrom through
either a transmission output port or a drop port, while being
inputted thereto, through said add port, a signal beam at a
wavelength corresponding to a wavelength of the signal beam
outputted through said drop port by a dropping process, and
outputting the signal beam therefrom through said transmission
output port; and said second control unit controls said add/drop
processing unit so that each of the wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said preamplifier is
inputted to said add/drop processing unit through said transmission
input port and outputted through said transmission output port.
8. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
said drop port and said add port are connected to each other at
their ends; and said second control unit controls said add/drop
processing unit so that each of the wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said preamplifier is
inputted to said add/drop processing unit through said transmission
input port, dropped through said drop port, added through said add
port, and outputted from said add/drop processing unit through said
transmission output port.
9. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
said preamplifier is comprised of a fiber amplifier which is able
to amplify an input beam by means of an optical fiber pumped by a
pump beam; and said first control unit comprises a pump beam supply
controlling unit for controlling supply of the pump beam to said
optical fiber forming said fiber amplifier, with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted, to generate the
amplified spontaneous emission.
10. The optical transmission apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein said first control unit comprises: a transmission stop
requesting unit for requesting a neighboring optical transmission
apparatus connected through said input transmission line to stop
transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam through said
input transmission line when said pump beam supply controlling unit
generates the amplified spontaneous emission; and a response
receiving unit for receiving a response that the transmission of
the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from said neighboring
optical transmission apparatus has been stopped according to a
transmission stop request from said transmission stop requesting
unit; said pump beam supply controlling unit controls supply of
said pump beam when said response receiving unit receives the
response.
11. A continuity testing method in an optical transmission
apparatus including a preamplifier for pre-amplifying a
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted through an input
transmission line, a wavelength demultiplexing unit for
wavelength-demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
from said preamplifier into wavelengths, an add/drop processing
unit for performing an adding/dropping process on a signal beam at
each of the wavelengths wavelength-demultiplexed by said wavelength
demultiplexing unit, and a multiplexing unit disposed in a lower
stream than said add/drop processing unit to wavelength-multiplex
signal beams at the respective wavelengths undergone the
adding/dropping process and to be outputted through an output
transmission path, comprising the steps of: controlling said
preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous emission including all
wavelength bands to be undergone an output route switching process
by said add/drop processing unit is outputted therefrom, with said
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted; controlling said
add/drop processing unit so that wavelength components of said
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said wavelength
demultiplexing unit are outputted as they are toward said
multiplexing unit; monitoring an optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from said add/drop processing unit and propagated through
a plurality of optical propagation paths, respectively; and
determining a continuity state of each of an optical propagation
paths in an upper stream than a position at which the optical power
is monitored, on the basis of corresponding result of the
monitoring, wherein the optical power of each of the wavelength
components of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from
said add/drop processing unit is monitored by a first optical power
monitor disposed in the upper stream than said multiplexing unit;
the continuity state of an optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components in the upper stream than said first optical
power monitor is determined on the basis of based on a result of
monitoring by said first optical power monitor; when the continuity
state is determined to be normal as a result of determination of
the continuity state on the basis of the result of monitoring by
said first optical power monitor, the optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from said add/drop processing unit is monitored by a
second optical monitor disposed in the lower stream than said
multiplexing unit; and the continuity state of an optical
propagation path of each of the wavelength components in the upper
stream than said second optical power monitor and the lower stream
than said first optical power monitor is determined on the basis of
based on a result of monitoring by said second optical power
monitor.
12. An optical transmission system in which a first optical
transmission apparatus being connected to a second optical
transmission apparatus through an input transmission line, said
first optical transmission apparatus comprising: a preamplifier for
pre-amplifying a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted
through said input transmission line; a first control unit for
controlling said preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous
emission including all wavelength bands of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is outputted, with said
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted from said second
optical transmission apparatus; a wavelength demultiplexing unit
for demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam amplified
by said preamplifier into a plurality of wavelength components, and
for demultiplexing the amplified spontaneous emission from said
preamplifier into a plurality of wavelength components; an add/drop
processing unit for performing an adding/dropping process on signal
beams at the respective wavelengths; a multiplexing unit disposed
in a lower stream than said add/drop processing unit to
wavelength-multiplex the signal beams at the respective wavelengths
undergone the adding/dropping process and to output through an
output transmission line; a second control unit for controlling
said add/drop processing unit so that wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said wavelength
demultiplexing unit are outputted as they are toward said
multiplexing unit; an optical power monitor for detecting an
optical power of each of the wavelength components of the amplified
spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop processing unit
under control of said second control unit; a determining unit for
determining a continuity state of each of an optical propagation
path of the corresponding wavelength components in an upper stream
than said optical power monitor on the basis of corresponding
result of monitoring by said optical power monitor; and a variable
attenuator for variably attenuating the optical power of each of
the wavelength components from said add/drop processing unit;
wherein, said optical power monitor comprises: a first optical
power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from said add/drop processing unit in the upper stream
than said variable attenuator; a second optical power monitor for
monitoring the optical power of each of the wavelength components
of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop
processing unit from the amplified spontaneous emission
wavelength-multiplexed by said multiplexing unit; a third optical
power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components attenuated by said variable attenuator in the
upper stream than said multiplexing unit; and an attenuation
quantity constant controlling unit for controlling the variable
attenuator based on results of monitoring by said first and third
power monitors so that an attenuation quantity of said variable
attenuator for each of the wavelength components is constant; said
determining unit comprises: a first determining unit for
determining a continuity state of each of said optical propagation
paths of the corresponding wavelength components in the upper
stream than said first optical power monitor en-based on
corresponding result of monitoring by said first optical power
monitor; and a second determining unit for determining the
continuity state of each of said optical propagation paths of the
corresponding wavelength components in the upper stream than said
second optical power monitor and the lower stream than said third
optical power monitor based on corresponding result of monitoring
by said second optical power monitor.
13. The optical transmission system according to claim 12, wherein
said preamplifier is comprised of a fiber amplifier which can
amplify an input beam by means of an optical fiber pumped by a pump
beam; said first control unit of said first optical transmission
apparatus comprises: a transmission stop requesting unit for
requesting said second optical transmission apparatus connected
through said input transmission line to stop transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam through said input transmission
line when an amplified spontaneous emission generation controlling
unit generates the amplified spontaneous emission; a response
receiving unit for receiving a response that transmission of said
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from said second optical
transmission apparatus has been stopped according to a transmission
stop request from said transmission stop requesting unit; and a
pump beam supply controlling unit for controlling supply of the
pump beam to said optical fiber forming said fiber amplifier to
generate the amplified spontaneous emission when said response
receiving unit receives the response; said second optical
transmission apparatus comprises: a stop request receiving unit for
receiving the request from said transmission stop requesting unit;
a stopping process unit for stopping transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam to said first optical
transmission apparatus according to the request received by said
stop request receiving unit; and a response transmitting unit for
transmitting to said first optical transmission apparatus an effect
that stopping of the transmission of said wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam is completed as a response when said stopping process
unit stops the transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal
beam.
14. An optical transmission system in which a first optical
transmission apparatus being connected to a second optical
transmission apparatus through an input transmission line, said
first optical transmission apparatus comprising: a preamplifier for
pre-amplifying a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted
through said input transmission line; a first control unit for
controlling said preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous
emission including all wavelength bands of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is outputted, with said
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted from said second
optical transmission apparatus; a wavelength demultiplexing unit
for demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam amplified
by said preamplifier into a plurality of wavelength components, and
for demultiplexing the amplified spontaneous emission from said
preamplifier into a plurality of wavelength components; an add/drop
processing unit for performing an adding/dropping process on signal
beams at the respective wavelengths; a multiplexing unit disposed
in a lower stream than said add/drop processing unit to
wavelength-multiplex the signal beams at the respective wavelengths
undergone the adding/dropping process and to output through an
output transmission line; a second control unit for controlling
said add/drop processing unit so that wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said wavelength
demultiplexing unit are outputted as they are toward said
multiplexing unit; an optical power monitor for detecting an
optical power of each of the wavelength components of the amplified
spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop processing unit
under control of said second control unit; a determining unit for
determining a continuity state of each of an optical propagation
path of the corresponding wavelength components in an upper stream
than said optical power monitor on the basis of corresponding
result of monitoring by said optical power monitor; and a variable
attenuator for variably attenuating the optical power of each of
the wavelength components from said add/drop processing unit;
wherein, said optical power monitor comprises: a first optical
power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from said add/drop processing unit in the upper stream
than said variable attenuator; a second optical power monitor for
monitoring the optical power of each of the wavelength components
of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop
processing unit from the amplified spontaneous emission
wavelength-multiplexed by said multiplexing unit; a third optical
power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components attenuated by said variable attenuator in the
upper stream than said multiplexing unit; and a variable attenuator
for variably attenuating an optical power of each of the wavelength
components from said add/drop processing unit; wherein, said
optical power monitor comprises: a first power monitor for
monitoring the optical power of each of the wavelength components
of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from said add/drop
processing unit in the upper stream than said variable attenuator;
a second optical power monitor for monitoring the optical power of
each of the wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous
emission outputted from said add/drop processing unit in the lower
stream than said multiplexing unit; a third optical power monitor
for monitoring the optical power of each of the wavelength
components attenuated by said variable attenuator in the upper
stream than said multiplexing unit; and a power equalizing control
unit for controlling attenuation quantities of said variable
attenuator based on a result of monitoring by said second optical
power monitor so that the optical powers of the wavelength
components monitored by said second optical power monitor are
equalized; and said determining unit comprises: a first determining
unit for determining a continuity state of an optical propagation
path of each of the wavelength components in the upper stream than
said first optical power monitor based on a result of monitoring by
said first optical power monitor; and a second determining unit for
measuring, from results of monitoring by said first and third
optical power monitors, the attenuation quantity of said variable
attenuator controlled based on a result of monitoring by said
second optical power monitor to determine the continuity state of
the optical propagation path of each of the wavelength components
in the upper stream than said second optical power monitor and the
lower stream than said third optical power monitor based on a
result of the measurement.
15. The optical transmission system according to claim 14, wherein
said preamplifier is comprised of a fiber amplifier which can
amplify an input beam by means of an optical fiber pumped by a pump
beam; said first control unit of said first optical transmission
apparatus comprises: a transmission stop requesting unit for
requesting said second optical transmission apparatus connected
through said input transmission line to stop transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam through said input transmission
line when an amplified spontaneous emission generation controlling
unit generates the amplified spontaneous emission; a response
receiving unit for receiving a response that transmission of said
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from said second optical
transmission apparatus has been stopped according to a transmission
stop request from said transmission stop requesting unit; and a
pump beam supply controlling unit for controlling supply of the
pump beam to said optical fiber forming said fiber amplifier to
generate the amplified spontaneous emission when said response
receiving unit receives the response; said second optical
transmission apparatus comprises: a stop request receiving unit for
receiving the request from said transmission stop requesting unit;
a stopping process unit for stopping transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam to said first optical
transmission apparatus according to the request received by said
stop request receiving unit; and a response transmitting unit for
transmitting to said first optical transmission apparatus an effect
that stopping of the transmission of said wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam is completed as a response when said stopping process
unit stops the transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal
beam.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical transmission apparatus,
a continuity testing method therein, and an optical transmission
system suitable for use in an optical communication system having
the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) function.
2) Description of the Related Art
In the field of the optical communication networks having the WDM
function, the DWDM (Dense WDM) technique is introduced into not
only known long-distance (long-haul) networks but also local
(metro) networks because of a recent rapid increase in
communication traffic. In the WDM network, an optical add drop
multiplexer (OADM) for adding a channel to be
wavelength-multiplexed or dropping a channel is appropriately
arranged as a node.
Particularly, many WDM networks in the metro networks adapt a
network configuration in which a number of OADM nodes are arranged
in a ring. With expansion of the network scale in the future, it is
estimated that the number of the OADM nodes to be arranged in a
ring is increased.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a structure of a general OADM node
used in the above-described WDM network. The OADM node 100 shown in
FIG. 11 comprises a pre-amplifier 101, an optical demultiplexer
102, an optical crossconnect unit 103, a variable optical
attenuator 104, an optical multiplexer 105 and a post-amplifier
106, as optical components.
A wavelength-multiplexed signal inputted to the OADM node 100
through a transmission line 107 is amplified by the pre-amplifier
101, then demultiplexed into wavelengths by the optical
demultiplexer 102. The optical crossconnect unit 103 selectively
outputs each of wavelength components demultiplexed by the optical
demultiplexer 102 toward either the VOA 104 in the following stage
or a drop port DP. When the wavelength component demultiplexed by
the optical demultiplexer 102 is outputted to the drop port, a
light beam of a corresponding wavelength component can be inputted
to the optical crossconnect unit 103 through an add port AP, and
outputted to the VOA 104.
The VOA 104 variably attenuates each of the wavelength components
outputted from the optical crossconnect unit 103 to adjust the
level thereof. The optical multiplexer 105 wavelength-multiplexes
light beams of the wavelength components from the VOA 104. The
post-amplifier 106 amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed beam from
the optical multiplexer 105 as needed, and outputs the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam undergone the add/drop process
through a transmission line 108.
In Patent Document 1 below, there is described a technique in which
a function corresponding to the above optical crossconnect unit 103
is configured with 2.times.2 optical switches in number
corresponding to the number of wavelengths demultiplexed by the
optical demultiplexer 102, and the VOA 104 has an output constant
controlling function of automatically keeping the power of each
wavelength component at a predetermined constant value.
As shown in FIG. 11 described above, the OADM node 100 is
configured with various optical components (refer to reference
characters 101 to 106). It is general to adopt optical connectors
to optically connect these optical components. Adoption of optical
connectors for the connections may increase the splice loss or the
quantity of reflectance because of contaminants adhering on the
spliced surface of the connector. When the splice loss or the
quantity of reflectance is considerable, it may cause disconnection
due to degradation of the transmission quantity such as the bit
error rate.
On the other hand, with an increase in the number of wavelengths
and nodes arranged in a ring, the number of connection points by
the use of optical connectors as being the OADM nodes 100 is
rapidly increased. When the number of wavelengths is 40 and the
number of OADM nodes arranged in a ring network is 20, for example,
the number of connection points inside the node by the use of
optical connectors or the like in the ring network is considered to
be more than 3000 only in the OADM nodes.
Accordingly, the continuity test on a point of the optical
connector which may cause an error is important to confirm the
performance of the apparatus. However, if the continuity test is
performed on each of all the points at which the connectors are
mounted, the number of times of the operation will be considerable
because the number of the points is considerable. With respect to
an optical apparatus other than the OADM node, the load of the
operation may be enormous at the time of the continuity test on the
apparatus that has a function of demultiplexing wavelengths of a
wavelength-multiplexed optical signal.
With respect to the above problem, the number of wavelengths at the
time of a start of the operation is, practically, about ten at most
when WDM is introduced into a real line. Accordingly, only in the
continuity test on optical propagation paths through optical
components disposed for communications over channels to be used at
the time of the initial start, the continuity of signals is
confirmed (continuity confirmation) by using a transceiver such as
a transponder, which is introduced and connected along with the WDM
system.
In concrete, in order to output a light beam having a wavelength of
each channel to an optical propagation path to confirm the
continuity, an optical output element such as a wavelength tunable
laser or the like is separately disposed, and the receiving state
of the light beam propagated through the optical propagation path
is confirmed by means of a transponder or the like while the output
light beam wavelength of the wavelength tunable laser is
appropriately controlled, whereby the continuity of the optical
propagation path of each wavelength channel is confirmed.
In the method using a transponder to confirm the continuity, it is
unlikely that a transponder for a channel not used at the time of
the initial operation is disposed. For this, it is not general to
confirm the continuity of an optical propagation path through
optical components disposed for communication over a channel not
used at the time of the start of the operation.
In this case, when an operational channel is increased because of
an increase in traffic, the continuity test using a transponder
newly disposed is performed after the operation of the apparatus is
started. When the confirmation operation reveals abnormality in the
continuity of the optical propagation path through optical
components disposed for communication over an individual optical
channel, it becomes necessary to do a continuity restoration work
such as cleaning of an optical connector connecting optical
components for a relevant channel.
[Patent Document 1] Unexamined Japanese Patent Application
Publication No. 2000-4213
However, in a system using an optical amplifier for collectively
amplifying wavelength-multiplexed signals, the maintenance work
such as cleaning or the like of a connector spliced surface
requires all the channels to be once stopped, in many cases.
Namely, it is necessary to stop the communications over the other
channels in which no error occurs each time an operational channel
is increased in order to do the necessary continuity restoration
work for the increased channel. It is desirable to avoid such
stopping of the communication channels in operation each time a
channel is increased, as much as possible to keep the stability of
the communication.
In order to decrease the possibility that such cleaning work on a
connector becomes necessary after the operation is started, it is
desirable to collectively test the continuity of optical
propagation paths of all channels that can be accommodated when the
system is introduced. When the apparatus is operated as a node, it
is desirable to detect abnormality in each optical component that
can be hindrance of the continuity of the light beam on the optical
propagation path, as well as the continuity confirmation of the
optical connectors, as a matter of course.
There have been problems that it is necessary to separately prepare
an element such as a wavelength tunable laser that can output a
light beam having each channel in order to test the continuity,
that the cost increases when the continuity testing function is
given to the node apparatus, and that a longer time is required
until the commercial operation is started because the load on the
operator who controls the wavelength tunable laser increases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the light of the above problems, an object of the present
invention is to provide a continuity test on optical propagation
paths through optical components disposed for communications over
all channels that the apparatus can accommodate including a channel
that is not used at the time of a start of the operation, which can
be made easier than the known techniques.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a continuity
test on optical propagation paths of all channels that the
apparatus can accommodate, which can be made within a shorter time
than the known techniques.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a
continuity test on optical propagation paths of all channels that
the apparatus can accommodate, which can be made at a lower cost
than the known techniques.
One preferred mode of the present invention therefore provides an
optical transmission apparatus having a preamplifier for
pre-amplifying a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted
through a transmission line and a wavelength demultiplexing unit
for demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam amplified
by the preamplifier into wavelengths, the optical transmission
apparatus comprising a preamplifier controlling unit for
controlling the preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous emission
including all wavelength bands of the wavelength-multiplexed signal
beam is outputted to the wavelength demultiplexing unit, with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted, an optical power
monitor for monitoring optical powers of wavelength components of
the amplified spontaneous emission fed from the preamplifier and
demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit, and a
determining unit for determining a continuity state of an optical
propagation path of each of the wavelength components demultiplexed
by the wavelength demultiplexing unit on the basis of a result of
monitoring by the optical power monitor.
The present invention further provides an optical transmission
apparatus having a preamplifier for pre-amplifying a
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted through an input
transmission line, a wavelength demultiplexing unit for
wavelength-demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
from the preamplifier into wavelengths, an add/drop processing unit
for performing an adding/dropping process on signal beams at the
respective wavelengths, and a multiplexing unit disposed in a lower
stream than the add/drop processing unit to wavelength-multiplex
the signal beams at the respective wavelengths undergone the
adding/dropping process and to output through an output
transmission line, the optical transmission apparatus comprising a
first control unit for controlling the preamplifier so that
amplified spontaneous emission including all wavelength bands to be
undergone an output route switching process by the add/drop
processing unit is outputted, with the wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam not inputted, a second control unit for controlling the
add/drop processing unit so that wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted the wavelength
demultiplexing unit are outputted as they are toward the
multiplexing unit, an optical power monitor for detecting an
optical power of each of the wavelength components of the amplified
spontaneous emission outputted from the add/drop processing unit
under control of the second control unit, and a determining unit
for determining a continuity state of an optical propagation path
of each of the wavelength components in an upper stream than the
optical power monitor on the basis of a result of monitoring by the
optical power monitor.
The optical transmission apparatus may further comprise a variable
attenuator for variably attenuating the optical power of each of
the wavelength components from the add/drop processing unit,
wherein, the optical power monitor may comprise a first optical
power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the add/drop processing unit in the upper stream
than the variable attenuator, a second optical power monitor for
monitoring the optical power of each of the wavelength components
of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the add/drop
processing unit from the amplified spontaneous emission
wavelength-multiplexed by the multiplexing unit, a third optical
power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components attenuated by the variable attenuator in the
upper stream than the multiplexing unit, and an attenuation
quantity constant controlling unit for controlling the variable
attenuator on the basis of results of monitoring by the first and
third power monitors so that an attenuation quantity of the
variable attenuator for each of the wavelength components is
constant, the determining unit may comprise a first determining
unit for determining a continuity state of an optical propagation
path of each of the wavelength components in the upper stream than
the first optical power monitor on the basis of a result of
monitoring by the first optical power monitor, and a second
determining unit for determining the continuity state of the
optical propagation path of each of the wavelength components in
the upper stream than the second optical power monitor and the
lower stream than the third optical power monitor on the basis of a
result of monitoring by the second optical power monitor.
Alternatively, the optical transmission apparatus may further
comprise a variable attenuator for variably attenuating an optical
power of each of the wavelength components from the add/drop
processing unit, wherein, the optical power monitor may comprise a
first power monitor for monitoring the optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the add/drop processing unit in the upper stream
than the variable attenuator, a second optical power monitor for
monitoring the optical power of each of the wavelength components
of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the add/drop
processing unit in the lower stream than the multiplexing unit, a
third optical power monitor for monitoring the optical power of
each of the wavelength components attenuated by the variable
attenuator in the upper stream than the multiplexing unit, and a
power equalizing control unit for controlling attenuation
quantities of the variable attenuator on the basis of a result of
monitoring by the second optical power monitor so that the optical
powers of the wavelength components monitored by the second optical
power monitor are equalized, and the determining unit may comprise
a first determining unit for determining a continuity state of an
optical propagation path of each of the wavelength components in
the upper stream than the first optical power monitor on the basis
of a result of monitoring by the first optical power monitor, and a
second determining unit for measuring, from results of monitoring
by the first and third optical power monitors, the attenuation
quantity of the variable attenuator controlled on the basis of a
result of monitoring by the second optical power monitor to
determine the continuity state of the optical propagation path of
each of the wavelength components in the upper stream than the
second optical power monitor and the lower stream than the third
optical power monitor on the basis of a result of the
measurement.
The add/drop processing unit may be inputted thereto signal beams
at respective wavelengths demultiplexed by the wavelength
demultiplexing unit through a transmission input port and
selectively output each of the signal beams therefrom through
either a transmission output port or a drop port, while being
inputted thereto, through the add port, a signal beam at a
wavelength corresponding to a wavelength of the signal beam
outputted through the drop port by a dropping process, and
outputting the signal beam therefrom through the transmission
output port, and the second control unit may control the add/drop
processing unit so that each of the wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the preamplifier is
inputted to the add/drop processing unit through the transmission
input port and outputted through the transmission output port.
In this case, preferably, the drop port and said add port are
connected to each other at their ends, and the second control unit
controls the add/drop processing unit so that each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the preamplifier is inputted to the add/drop
processing unit through the transmission input port, dropped
through the drop port, added through the add port, and outputted
from the add/drop processing unit through the transmission output
port.
In the above optical transmission apparatus, the preamplifier may
be comprised of a fiber amplifier which is able to amplify an input
beam by means of an optical fiber pumped by a pump beam, and the
first control unit may comprise a pump beam supply controlling unit
for controlling supply of the pump beam to the optical fiber
forming the fiber amplifier, with the wavelength-multiplexed signal
beam not inputted, to generate the amplified spontaneous
emission.
In which case, the first control unit may comprise a transmission
stop requesting unit for requesting a neighboring optical
transmission apparatus connected through the input transmission
line to stop transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
through the input transmission line when the pump beam supply
controlling unit generates the amplified spontaneous emission, and
a response receiving unit for receiving a response that the
transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from the
neighboring optical transmission apparatus has been stopped
according to a transmission stop request from the transmission stop
requesting unit, and the pump beam supply controlling unit may
control supply of the pump beam when the response receiving unit
receives the response.
The present invention still further provides a continuity testing
method in an optical transmission apparatus having a preamplifier
for pre-amplifying a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted
through a transmission line, and a wavelength demultiplexing unit
for demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam amplified
by the preamplifier, which comprises the steps of outputting
amplified spontaneous emission from the preamplifier, with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted, demultiplexing the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the preamplifier into
wavelengths by the wavelength demultiplexing unit, monitoring an
optical power of each of the demultiplexed wavelengths on an
optical path on which the amplified spontaneous emission whose
wavelengths are demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit
is propagated, and determining a continuity state of the aid
optical path on which the amplified spontaneous emission
demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit is propagated
on the basis of a result of the monitoring.
The present invention still further provides a continuity testing
method in an optical transmission apparatus having a preamplifier
for pre-amplifying a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted
through an input transmission line, a wavelength demultiplexing
unit for wavelength-demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam from the preamplifier into wavelengths, an add/drop
processing unit for performing an adding/dropping process on a
signal beam at each of the wavelengths wavelength-demultiplexed by
the wavelength demultiplexing unit, and a multiplexing unit
disposed in a lower stream than the add/drop processing unit to
wavelength-multiplex signal beams at the respective wavelengths
undergone the adding/dropping process and to be outputted through
an output transmission path, which comprises the steps of
controlling the preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous emission
including all wavelength bands to be undergone an output route
switching process by the add/drop processing unit is outputted
therefrom, with the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not
inputted, controlling the add/drop processing unit so that
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the wavelength demultiplexing unit are outputted as
they are toward the multiplexing unit, monitoring an optical power
of each of the wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous
emission outputted from the add/drop processing unit, and
determining a continuity state of an optical propagation path of
each of the wavelength components in an upper stream than a
position at which the optical power is monitored, on the basis of a
result of monitoring of the optical power of each of the wavelength
components of the amplified spontaneous emission.
In this case, the optical power of each of the wavelength
components of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the
add/drop processing unit may be monitored by a first optical power
monitor disposed in the upper stream than the multiplexing unit,
the continuity state of an optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components in the upper stream than the first optical
power monitor may be determined on the basis of a result of
monitoring by the first optical power monitor, when the continuity
state is determined to be normal as a result of determination of
the continuity state on the basis of the result of monitoring by
the first optical power monitor, the optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the add/drop processing unit may be monitored by a
second optical monitor disposed in the lower stream than the
multiplexing unit, and the continuity state of an optical
propagation path of each of the wavelength components in the upper
stream than the second optical power monitor and the lower stream
than the first optical power monitor may be determined on the basis
of a result of monitoring by the second optical power monitor.
The present invention still further provides an optical
transmission system in which a first optical transmission
apparatus, which has a preamplifier for pre-amplifying a
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted through an input
transmission line, a wavelength demultiplexing unit for
wavelength-demultiplexing the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
from the preamplifier into wavelengths, an add/drop processing unit
for performing an adding/dropping process on signal beams at the
respective wavelengths and a multiplexing unit disposed in a lower
stream than the add/drop processing unit to wavelength-multiplex
signal beams at the respective wavelengths undergone the
adding/dropping process and to output through a transmission line,
is connected to a second optical transmission apparatus through the
input transmission line, the optical transmission system comprising
the first optical transmission apparatus comprising a first control
unit for controlling the preamplifier so that amplified spontaneous
emission including all wavelength bands to be undergone an output
route switching process by the add/drop processing unit is
outputted, with the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted
from the second optical transmission apparatus, a second control
unit for controlling the add/drop processing unit so that
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the preamplifier under control of the first control
unit and wavelength-demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing
unit are outputted as they are toward the multiplexing unit, an
optical power monitor for detecting an optical power of each of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the add/drop processing unit under control of the
second control unit, and a determining unit for determining a
continuity state of an optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components in an upper stream than the optical power
monitor on the basis of a result of monitoring by the optical power
monitor.
In the above optical transmission system, preferably, the
preamplifier is comprised of a fiber amplifier which can amplify an
input beam by means of an optical fiber pumped by a pump beam, the
first control unit of the first optical transmission apparatus
comprises a transmission stop requesting unit for requesting the
second optical transmission apparatus connected through the input
transmission line to stop transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam through the input transmission
line when an amplified spontaneous emission generation controlling
unit generates the amplified spontaneous emission, a response
receiving unit for receiving a response that transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from the second optical
transmission apparatus has been stopped according to a transmission
stop request from the transmission stop requesting unit, and a pump
beam supply controlling unit for controlling supply of the pump
beam to the optical fiber forming the fiber amplifier to generate
the amplified spontaneous emission when the response receiving unit
receives the response, the second optical transmission apparatus
comprises a stop request receiving unit for receiving the request
from the transmission stop requesting unit, a stopping process unit
for stopping transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
to the first optical transmission apparatus according to the
request received by the stop request receiving unit, and a response
transmitting unit for transmitting to the first optical
transmission apparatus an effect that stopping of the transmission
of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is completed as a
response when said stopping process unit stops the transmission of
the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam.
As above, the present invention has an advantage that since
amplified spontaneous emission is used as a probe beam for the
continuity test under the control of the preamplifier controlling
unit and the first control unit, the continuity test on optical
propagation paths of all channels that the apparatus can
accommodate including a channel not used at the time of a start of
the operation can be made easier than the known techniques.
The present invention has another advantage that since it becomes
unnecessary to prepare a wavelength tunable laser or the like for
the continuity test, the continuity test on optical propagation
paths of all channels that the apparatus can accommodate can be
made within a shorter time and at a lower cost than the known
techniques.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an optical transmission system
according to a first embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first PD unit or a second PD unit
according to the first embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure for testing the continuity
state of an optical propagation path of a first OADM apparatus in
the optical transmission system according to the first embodiment
of this invention, focusing on an up-link optical transmission
path;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a wavelength band of amplified
spontaneous emission according to the first embodiment of this
invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart for illustrating an operation for the
continuity test on an optical propagation path of each channel of
the first OADM apparatus according to the first embodiment of this
invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an optical transmission system
according to a second embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a structure for testing the continuity
state of an optical propagation path of a first OADM apparatus in
an optical transmission system according to the second embodiment
of this invention, focusing on an up-link optical propagation
path;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart for illustrating an operation for the
continuity test on each channel of the first OADM apparatus
according to the second embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a modification of the first embodiment
of this invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the second
embodiment of this invention; and
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a structure of a known OADM node used
in a WDM network.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, embodiments of this invention will be described with
reference to the drawings.
Meanwhile, another technical problem, a means for solving the
problem and a working function thereof will be made clear by the
following embodiments, as well as the above-described objects of
this invention.
[A] Description of First Embodiment
[A1] As to Optical Transmission System According to First
Embodiment of the Invention
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an optical transmission system 1
according to a first embodiment of this invention. The optical
transmission system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a part of a ring network
configuring a WDM network in a metro network, in which two OADM
apparatuses (first and second OADM apparatuses 2 and 3) for
dropping or adding a wavelength-multiplexed channel are connected
in cascade to each other through transmission lines 4-1 and
4-2.
Each of the OADM apparatuses 2 and 3 has an optical add/drop
function basically similar to that shown in FIG. 11 described
above. However, the first OADM apparatus 2 has a characteristic
structure for continuity confirmation of an optical propagation
path (that is, a path configured with optical coupling of optical
components disposed for each channel in the first OADM apparatus 2)
of each channel of a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam. The second
OADM apparatus 3 has a structure for operating in cooperation with
the first OADM apparatus 2 when performing the continuity
confirmation of an optical propagation path of each channel in the
first OADM apparatus 2.
For example, when the first OADM apparatus 2 shown in FIG. 1 is
incorporated in a ring network, the continuity confirmation can be
performed on not only optical propagation paths of channels
accommodated when the apparatus is incorporated but also optical
propagation paths corresponding to all channels that the first OADM
apparatus 2 can accommodate. Owing to this continuity confirmation,
it becomes possible to confirm the continuity state of optical
components forming the first OADM apparatus 2 as well as the
continuity state of connection points of the optical components, on
the assumption that the arrangement of the optical components is
appropriate.
[A2] As to Structure for Add/Drop Process for
Wavelength-Multiplexed Signal Beam
First, description will be made of a structure for the add/drop
process for a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam in the first and
second OADM apparatuses 2 and 3 configuring the optical
transmission system 1, focusing on the add/drop process on a
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam.
The first OADM apparatus 2 is connected to the second OADM
apparatus 3 through the up-link transmission line 4-1 on the input
side, and adds or drops a channel of a signal beam of an upstream
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam send from the second OADM
apparatus 3 through the transmission line 4-1. Similarly, the
second OADM apparatus 3 adds or drops a channel of a signal beam of
a downstream wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted through
the up-link transmission line 4-1, configuring the ring network,
and outputs the signal beam to the first OADM apparatus 2 on the
downstream side.
Each of the first and second OADM apparatuses 2 and 3 can have a
structure for the add/drop process on each channel of a signal beam
of a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam propagating in the
down-link direction, which is opposite to the up-link direction,
correspondingly to the structure for the add/drop process on the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam in the up-link direction
described above.
In relation with the structure for the add/drop process on the
up-link signal beam (signal beam transmitted through the up-link
transmission line 4-1), each of the first and second OADM apparatus
2 and 3 has, as optical components, a pre-amplifier 5, an optical
wavelength demultiplexing unit 6, an optical crossconnect unit 7,
optical attenuating units 81 through 8n, a multiplexing unit 9 and
a post-amplifier 10. These optical components 5 through 10 are
optically coupled in cascade by optical connectors not shown.
Incidentally, illustrations of the optical attenuating units 81
through 8n in the second OADM apparatus 3 are omitted in FIG.
1.
Each of the first and second apparatuses 2 and 3 has a structure
basically similar to the structure for the add/drop process in the
up-link direction described above, as a structure for the add/drop
process on a signal beam transmitted through the down-link
transmission line 4-2, an illustration of which is omitted (refer
to 2' in the first OADM apparatus 2, and 3' in the second OADM
apparatus 3).
The pre-amplifier 5 in the first OADM apparatus 2 beforehand
amplifies a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam inputted from the
second OADM apparatus 3 through the input transmission line 4. The
pre-amplifier 5 can be configured with an EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber
Amplifier), which is a fiber amplifier that can amplify an input
beam by means of an optical fiber pumped by a pump beam, for
example. The pre-amplifier 5 has a function of supplying the pump
beam to the EDF, and a GEQ (Gain Equalization) function of
controlling the gain of the signal beam amplified by the EDF
constant, as well as the EDF, which is an optical fiber configuring
the amplification medium.
The optical wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 demultiplexes the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam amplified by the pre-amplifier 5
into optical wavelength components in respective channels, and
outputs the demultiplexed signal beams to the optical crossconnect
unit 7. The optical wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 can be
configured with an AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Gratings) or the like,
for example.
The optical crossconnect unit 7 functions as an add/drop processing
unit performing the add/drop process on a signal beam at each of
wavelengths wavelength-demultiplexed by the optical wavelength
demultiplexing unit 6. The optical crossconnect unit 7 has
transmission input ports TI to which signal beams at respective
wavelengths from the wavelength-demultiplexing unit 6 are inputted,
transmission output ports TO each of which leads a signal beam at a
corresponding wavelength to a relevant optical propagation path on
the output's side, drop ports DP each of which drops (drop process)
a signal beam set as a dropped wavelength of signal beams inputted
from the transmission input ports TI, and add ports IP each of
which adds (add process) a signal beam at a wavelength
corresponding to the dropped wavelength to the propagation of the
other signal beams to be sent out through the transmission output
port TO.
A demultiplexed signal beam at each wavelength (channel) from the
optical wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 is inputted through the
transmission input port TI disposed for each wavelength, and
selectively outputted to either the transmission output port TO
leading to the multiplexing unit 9 or the drop port DP. With
respect to the wavelength component outputted through the drop port
DP in the drop process, a signal beam led in through the add port
IP can be outputted from the optical crossconnect unit 7 through
the transmission output port TO. Incidentally, settings of the
dropped wavelength and the added wavelength can be separately done
by means of a control circuit 12 to be described later.
When a wavelength .lamda.1 is set as the dropped wavelength, a
signal beam at the wavelength .lamda.1 wavelength-demultiplexed by
the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 is inputted through the
transmission input port TI and outputted through the drop port DP,
whereas a signal beam at a corresponding wavelength .lamda.1 can be
inputted through the add port IP and outputted through the
transmission output port TO. Incidentally, as the structure of the
optical crossconnect unit 7, the structure described in the Patent
Document 1 mentioned above or another known structure may be
adopted.
Each of the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n (FIG. 1 shows
the optical attenuating unit 81) are inputted thereto a signal beam
in a channel through the transmission output port TO as a signal
beam to be sent out through the optical transmission line 4 from
the optical crossconnect unit 7, and can attenuate the power of the
signal beam in the channel so that the power is approximately
constant.
For example, the optical attenuating unit 81 attenuates a signal
beam at a wavelength .lamda.1 from the optical crossconnect unit 7,
whereas the optical attenuating unit 8i (i; 2 to n) attenuates a
signal beam at a wavelength .lamda.i. Each of the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n has a variable attenuator (VOA) 8a,
and a first PD unit 8b-1 on the input side of the variable
attenuator 8a and a second PD unit 8b-2 on the output side of the
same.
Each of the first PD unit 8b-1 and the second PD unit 8b-2 has, as
shown in FIG. 2, a branching unit 8ba and a photo/electric
converting unit 8bb. The branching unit 8ba branches a signal beam
in a wavelength channel from the optical crossconnect unit 7 and
outputs the branched signal beam to the photo/electric converting
unit 8bb, while outputting the other branched signal beam to the
demultiplexing unit 9 in the following stage as it is. The
photo/electric converting unit 8bb detects the power of the signal
beam branched by the branching unit 8ba, and outputs a result of
the detection to the control circuit 12 to be described later.
As above, the first PD unit 8b-1 can detect the power of the signal
beam before attenuated by the variable attenuator 8a, whereas the
second PD unit 8b-2 can detect the power of the signal beam after
attenuated by the variable attenuator 8. The control circuit 12 is
inputted thereto the signal beam powers detected by the first and
second PD units 8b-1 and 8b-2 configuring each of the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n, and controls the attenuation
quantity of the variable attenuator 8a in each of the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n so that the powers of the signal
beams outputted from the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n
are equalized.
The wavelength multiplexing unit 9 is disposed on an optical path
in the lower stream than the optical crossconnect unit 7 via the
optical attenuating units 81 through 8n to wavelength-multiplex the
signal beams variably attenuated by the respective optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n. The multiplexed signal beam is
undergone a necessary amplifying process by the post-amplifier 10,
then sent out through the transmission line 4 on the output
side.
An optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) 11a is inputted thereto a part
of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam amplified by the
post-amplifier 10 and to be transmitted through the optical
transmission line 4 via the branching unit 11b to detect the
optical power of each wavelength spectrum of the inputted
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam. Note that this OSA 11a is
mainly applied when the continuity test is made on the optical
propagation paths of in first OADM apparatus 2, thus can be
suitably omitted while the apparatus is in operation.
The control circuit 12 has a function of receiving the control
information from an adjacent node apparatus (the second OADM
apparatus 3 in this case) over a channel for supervisory control
through the up-link or down-link transmission line 4 and notifying
the adjacent node apparatus (the second OADM apparatus 3) of the
control information, as well as the function of controlling the
above optical attenuating units 81 through 8n.
As the function of controlling the variable attenuator 8a by the
control circuit 12, a circuit may be structured as a control
circuit specialized to control the attenuation quantity of the
variable attenuator 8a in each of the optical attenuating units 81
through 8n separately from the function of processing the
supervisory control signal, or an exclusive control circuit may be
incorporated in each of the optical attenuating units 81 through
8n.
The control information from the control circuit 12 in the first
OADM apparatus 2 is converted from an electric signal to an optical
signal by the electric/photo converting unit 13a for the optical
supervisory channel (OSC), and outputted to the second OADM
apparatus 3 through the down-link transmission line 4-2. The light
beam of the control information from the second OADM apparatus 3 is
converted from an optical signal, branched by the branching unit
13b and send through the up-link transmission line 4-1, converted
into an electric signal by the photo/electric converting unit 13c,
and received by the control circuit 12 as the control information
converted into the optical supervisory control channel.
Correspondingly to the structure of the first OADM apparatus 2, the
second OADM apparatus 3 comprises a control circuit 22, an
electric/photo converting unit 23a for converting the control
information send through the up-link line 4-1 from an electric
signal into an optical signal, a multiplexing unit 23b for
multiplexing the optical signal from the electric/photo converting
unit 23a onto the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam to be
transmitted through the transmission line 4-1, and a photo/electric
converting unit 23c for converting the light beam from the
down-link transmission line 4-2 into an electric signal.
Incidentally, illustrations of an optical component in the second
OADM apparatus 3 corresponding to the multiplexing unit 23b and an
optical component corresponding to the branching unit 13b are
omitted in FIG. 1.
In the optical transmission system 1 structured as above, the first
and second OADM apparatuses 2 and 3 can perform the drop/add
process on wavelength-multiplexed signal beams transmitted through
the up-link transmission line 4-1 and the down-link transmission
line 4-2, respectively.
The second OADM apparatus 3 drops or adds a channel of a
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam send from another upstream
optical transmission apparatus not shown through the transmission
line 4. The second OADM apparatus 3 can comprise optical components
(refer to reference characters 5 through 7, 9, 10, 11a, 11b and 81
through 8n) similar to those of the first OADM apparatus 2.
Incidentally, illustrations of the optical attenuating units 81
through 8n are omitted in FIG. 1.
[A3] As to Structure for Continuity Confirmation of Optical
Propagation Path of Each Channel in the First OADM Apparatus 2
In the first OADM apparatus 2 according to the first embodiment, it
is possible to test the continuity state of each optical
propagation path in the first OADM apparatus 2 when the first OADM
apparatus 2 as being the above optical transmission system 1 is
incorporated in a ring network (namely, when the first OADM
apparatus 2 is started to be operated as an OADM node) or suitably
as necessary while the first OADM apparatus 2 is operated as the
optical transmission system 1. Hereinafter, description will be
made of a structure for continuity confirmation of an optical
propagation path of each channel in the first OADM apparatus 2,
focusing on the up-link optical propagation path.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure for testing the continuity
state of each optical propagation path in the first OADM apparatus
2 configuring the optical transmission system 1, foucing on the
up-link optical propagation path. As shown in FIG. 3, the control
circuit 12 of the first OADM apparatus 2 comprises, as a structure
for testing the continuity state, a first control unit 121, a
second control unit 122, an attenuation quantity constant
controlling unit 123 and a determining unit 124.
The first control unit 121 functions as a pre-amplifier controlling
unit for controlling the pre-amplifier 5 so that amplified
spontaneous emission (ASE) including all wavelength bands of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is outputted toward the optical
wavelength demultiplexing unit 6, with the wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam not inputted from the second OADM apparatus 3 through
the up-link transmission line 4-1. The first control unit 121
comprises a response receiving unit 121a, a transmission stop
requesting unit 121b and a pump beam supply controlling unit
121c.
The pump beam supply controlling unit 121c controls the
pre-amplifier 5 in order that a beam for the continuity test on an
optical propagation path in the first OADM apparatus 2 is outputted
from the pre-amplifier 5. Namely, the pump beam supply controlling
unit 121c performs a control to supply the pump beam to an optical
fiber configuring the fiber amplifier, which is the pre-amplifier
5. For example, when an EDFA having an EDF and a pump source not
shown is used as a fiber amplifier, the pump beam supply
controlling unit 121c controls the pumping source so that the pump
beam is supplied to the EDF.
At this time, when the pump beam is supplied to the EDF with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from the second OADM apparatus 3
not inputted to the pre-amplifier 5, only the amplified spontaneous
emission is outputted. The gain of the amplified spontaneous
emission generated in the optical fiber configuring the fiber
amplifier is equalized by the GEQ function of this pre-amplifier 5,
and is outputted as a beam whose power is approximately
equalized.
The amplified spontaneous emission whose gain is equalized
outputted from the pre-amplifier 5 as above can cover a wavelength
band B that the first OADM apparatus 2 can accommodate and can have
approximately constant power distribution, as shown A in FIG. 1 and
FIG. 4, for example. Accordingly, if a wavelength component beam
having the center wavelength corresponding to a certain channel
obtained by demultiplexing the amplified spontaneous emission from
the pre-amplifier 5 by the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 is used
as the probe beam for the continuity test (refer to B in FIG. 1),
it becomes possible to make the continuity test on the optical
propagation path of each of all the wavelengths including a
wavelength that is not planned to be accommodated at the beginning,
which can be accommodated by the first OADM apparatus 2, without a
wavelength tunable laser that is heretofore required, but only by
means of the pump beam supply control on the pre-amplifier 5.
Since the optical amplifier applied generally to the WDM system has
a GEQ (Gain Equalizer) for flattening the wavelength characteristic
of the gain, the ASE whose wavelength characteristic is flat
inputted to the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 is suitable for
use as a probe beam for detecting the continuity state of the
optical propagation path of a wavelength component, particularly
the state of the optical connectors on the propagation path. By
passing the ASE through the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6, it
becomes possible to collectively obtain pseudo light sources having
peaks at the center wavelengths of respective channels for the
wavelengths, owing to the transmission characteristics of the
wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 (refer to .lamda.1 through
.lamda.n in FIG. 4).
The response receiving unit 121a and the transmission stop
requesting unit 121b communicate with the second OADM apparatus 3
over the supervisory control channel in order that the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from the second OADM apparatus 3
on the upper stream side is not inputted to the pre-amplifier 5 in
the first OADM apparatus 2 in the previous stage of the control for
outputting the amplified spontaneous emission by the above pump
beam supply controlling unit 121c.
Concretely, the transmission stop requesting unit 121b requests the
second OADM apparatus 3, which is the adjacent optical transmission
apparatus connected through the input transmission line 4-1, to
stop transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam through
the input transmission line 4-1 when the pump beam supply
controlling unit 121c generates the amplified spontaneous emission.
The response receiving unit 121a receives a response that the
transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from the
second OADM apparatus 3 is stopped, according to the transmission
stop request from the transmission stop requesting unit 121c.
The transmission stop request made from the transmission stop
requesting unit 121b to the second OADM apparatus 3 is transmitted
over the supervisory control channel on the down-link transmission
line 4-2, whereas the response from the second OADM apparatus 3 to
be received by the response receiving unit 121a is transmitted over
the supervisory control channel on the up-link transmission line
4-1. When the response receiving unit 121a receives a response from
the second OADM apparatus 3, the pump beam supply controlling unit
121c starts to control the supply of the pump beam.
The second control unit 122 can set and control the dropped
wavelength and the added wavelength in the optical crossconnect
unit 7. At the time of the continuity test according to the first
embodiment, the second control unit 122 controls the optical
crossconnect unit 7 so that all the channels are set to "through"
after the above response receiving unit 121a receives the response
and the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam through the up-link
transmission line 4-1 is stopped.
Namely, the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the
pre-amplifier 5 under control of the first control unit 121 is
wavelength-demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6
into wavelength component beams having the center wavelength
components of respective channels as shown by .lamda.1 through
.lamda.n in FIG. 4. At this time, the second control unit 122
controls the optical crossconnect unit 7, whereby the wavelength
components of the amplified spontaneous emission are outputted as
they are toward the multiplexing unit 9.
In the continuity test according to the first embodiment, the first
PD unit 8b-1 detects the optical power of a wavelength component of
the amplified spontaneous emission outputted through the optical
crossconnect unit 7 before the wavelength components are
multiplexed by the multiplexing unit 9, and outputs a result of the
detection to the determining unit 124 in the control circuit 12.
The OSA 11a is inputted thereto the wavelength-multiplexed beam
(refer to C in FIG. 1) obtained at the output end of the first OADM
apparatus 2 (at a point from which the wavelength-multiplexed beam
is outputted to the up-link transmission line 4-1) via a branching
unit 11b, detects the optical power of each of the wavelength
components of the wavelength-multiplexed beam after the beams are
multiplexed by the multiplexing unit 9, and outputs a result of the
detection to the determining unit 124.
The first PD unit 8b-1 and the OSA 11a are together structured as
an optical power monitor for detecting the optical power of a
wavelength component of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the optical crossconnect unit 7 under control of the
second control unit 122. The first PD unit 8b-1 is structured as a
first optical power monitor for monitoring the optical power in the
upper stream than the multiplexing unit 9, whereas the OSA 11a is
structured as a second power monitor for monitoring the optical
power in the lower stream than the multiplexing unit 9.
The determining unit 124 determines the continuity state of the
optical propagation path of each of the wavelength components on
the basis of a result of the monitoring by the first PD unit 8b-1
and the OSA 11a, which together configure the optical power
monitor. The determining unit 124 comprises a first determining
unit 124a for determining the continuity state of the optical
propagation path of each of the wavelength components in the upper
stream than the first PD unit 8b-1 on the basis of a result of the
monitoring by the first PD unit 8b-1, and a second determining unit
124b for determining the continuity state of the optical
propagation path of each of the wavelength components in the upper
stream than the OSA 11a on the basis of a result of the monitoring
by the OSA 11a.
The second PD unit 8b-2 is structured as a third power monitor for
monitoring the optical power of the wavelength component attenuated
by the variable attenuator 8a in the upper stream than the
multiplexing unit 9 when the pre-amplifier 5 outputs the amplified
spontaneous emission. Namely, the attenuation quantity constant
controlling unit 123 in the control circuit 12 controls the
variable attenuator 8a on the basis of the monitoring by the first
and the second PD units 8b-1 and 8b-2 so that the attenuation
quantity of the wavelength component of the variable attenuator 8a
becomes constant.
When the first determining unit 124a determines that the continuity
state of the propagation path of each of the wavelengths components
in the upper stream than the first PD unit 8b-1 is excellent, it is
assumed that the optical powers of the wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission inputted to the first PD units 8b-1
are equalized because the optical powers of the wavelength
components of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the
pre-amplifier 5 are equalized. Since the optical attenuating units
81 through 8n attenuate a constant attenuation quantity from the
wavelength components, it is assumed that the optical powers of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n are equalized.
When the continuity state of the optical propagation paths of the
wavelength components in the upper stream than the first PD unit
8b-l is excellent, the optical powers of the wavelength components
outputted to the multiplexing unit 9 from the branching units 8ba
configuring the second PD units 8b-2 in the optical attenuating
units 81 through 8n are constant under control of the attenuation
quantity constant controlling unit 123 on the variable attenuators
8a configuring the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n. For
this, the second determining unit 124b can determine the continuity
state in the upper stream than the second PD unit 8b-2.
In other words, the first determining unit 124a can determine the
continuity state of the optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components in the lower stream than the pre-amplifier 5
and the upper stream than the first PD unit 8b-1. The second
determining unit 124b can determine the continuity state of the
optical propagation path of each of the wavelength components in
the upper stream than the branching unit 11b to which the beam to
be inputted to the OSA 11a is led and the lower stream than the
second PD unit 8b-2.
The control circuit 22 of the second OADM apparatus 3 comprises a
stop request receiving unit 22a for receiving a transmission stop
request from the transmission stop requesting unit 121b in the
first OADM apparatus 2 over the supervisory control channel on the
down-link transmission path 4-2, a stopping process unit 22b for
stopping the transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
to the first OADM apparatus 2 according to the request received by
the stop request receiving unit 22a, and a response transmitting
unit 22c for transmitting an effect that the stopping process unit
22b completes the stopping of the transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam to the first OADM apparatus 2 as
a response over the supervisory control channel on the up-link
transmission path 4-1.
The stopping process unit 22b shuts off the signal beam outputted
from the optical crossconnect unit 7 in the second OADM unit 3
through the transmission output port under control, thereby
stopping the transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
to the first OADM apparatus 2. When the response receiving unit
121a in the first control unit 121 in the first OADM apparatus 2
receives a response transmitted from the response transmitting unit
22c, the pump beam supply controlling unit 121c performs the output
control of the ASE beam on the pre-amplifier 5 in order to start
the operation for the continuity test on the optical propagation
path, as described before.
[A4] Description of Operation of Continuity Test on Optical
Propagation Path of Each Channel in First OADM Apparatus 2
In the first OADM apparatus 2 with the above structure according to
the first embodiment, the continuity test on the optical
propagation path of each channel is made, as shown in a flowchart
in FIG. 5, for example.
First, the transmission stop requesting unit 121b in the first
control unit 121 requests the second OADM apparatus 3 to stop the
transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam. In
concrete, the first OADM apparatus 2 transmits a crossconnect
cancel request to the second OADM apparatus 3 (step A1).
In the control circuit 22 in the second OADM apparatus 3, the
stopping process unit 22b cancels the crossconnect unit 7 to make
the number of wavelengths to be "through" zero according to the
crossconnect cancel request received by the stop request receiving
unit 22a, thereby shutting off the output of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam to the first OADM apparatus 2.
After that, the response transmitting unit 22c outputs a complete
notification to the first OADM apparatus 2 (step A2).
In the first control unit 121 in the first OADM apparatus 2, when
the response receiving unit 121a receives a response that shutting
off of the transmission of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
is completed, the pump beam supply controlling unit 121c controls
the pre-amplifier 5 so that the amplified spontaneous emission
including all wavelength bands to be undergone the output route
switching process by the crossconnect unit 7 is outputted, with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted.
By closing the transmission output ports of the optical
crossconnect unit 7 in the second OADM apparatus 3 in the upper
stream as above, the ASE beam outputted from the pre-amplifier 5
does not include the main signal beam. With respect to the level of
the amplified spontaneous emission, the GEQ function of the
pre-amplifier 5 allows the amplified spontaneous emission to have a
predetermined level beforehand set over all the channel bands that
can be accommodated (step A3).
The second control unit 122 controls the optical crossconnect unit
7 so that each of the wavelength components of the amplified
spontaneous emission outputted from the pre-amplifier 5 and
wavelength-demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 is
outputted as it is toward the multiplexing unit 9. In concrete, all
the channels in the optical crossconnect unit 7 are set "through"
(step A4). All the variable attenuators 8a in the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n are set "close" to prevent the ASE
beam as being the probe beams from leaking to the multiplexing unit
9 in the lower stream (step A5).
When the pump beam supply control on the pre-amplifier 5, and the
setting of the optical crossconnect unit 7 and the setting of the
variable attenuators 8a in the optical attenuating units 81 through
8n are completed, the first determining unit 124a collects the
optical levels (step A6). Incidentally, the pump beam supply
control on the pre-amplifier 5 and the settings of the optical
crossconnect unit 7 and the variable attenuators 8a in the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n may be performed in the order other
than that performed in the first embodiment.
The first PD unit 8b-1 in each of the optical attenuating units 81
through 8n monitors the optical power of a corresponding wavelength
component of the amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the
optical crossconnect unit 7. The first determining unit 124a in the
determining unit 124 determines the continuity state of the optical
propagation path of each of the wavelength components in the upper
stream than a position where the optical power is monitored.
Namely, the first determining unit 124a determines whether the
optical level of each of the wavelength components is larger than a
first specified value beforehand set for the optical level of each
wavelength component. When determining that any one of the
wavelength components is smaller than the specified value, the
first determining unit 124a notifies that the continuity of the
optical propagation path (a path in the lower stream than the
pre-amplifier 5 and in the upper stream than the first PD unit
8b-1) of the wavelength component that is smaller than the first
specified value is abnormal, together with a channel number
thereof, as a result of the continuity test (from NO route at step
A7 to step A8).
Namely, the first determining unit 124a determines that a channel
whose optical level is not above the specified value at the first
PD unit 8b-1 has a large loss portion between the pre-amplifier 5
and the first PD unit 8b-1, notifies of it, and terminates the
continuity test.
When the first determining unit 124a determines that abnormality
occurs as a result of the continuity test, a position causing the
abnormality can be specified to an optical propagation path of the
relevant channel. For example, when it is determined that
abnormality occurs in a channel of a wavelength .lamda.1, the
position where the abnormality occurs can be specified to an
optical propagation path of the wavelength .lamda.1 in the lower
stream than the pre-amplifier 5 and the upper stream than the
optical attenuator 81.
In this case, contamination and the like of an optical connector
disposed on a path leading the wavelength component .lamda.1
demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 to a
corresponding input port of the optical crossconnect unit 7 and an
optical connector connecting the optical crossconnect unit 7 to the
optical attenuator 81 are examined.
When it is determined, on the basis of comparison between each
result of the monitoring from the first PD unit 8b-1 with the above
first specified value, that the optical levels of all the
wavelength components are larger than the first specified value, it
is determined that the continuity of each of the optical
propagation paths in the upper stream than the first PD unit 8b-1
is normal, and that the loss state particularly caused by an
optical connector or the like is within the normal range (YES route
at step A7).
When the first determining unit 124a determines that a result of
the monitoring from the first PD unit 8b-l is normal as above, the
attenuation quantity constant controlling unit 123 then controls
the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n.
The attenuation quantity constant controlling unit 123 collects
results of the monitoring from the first PD units 8b-1 in the
optical attenuating units 81 through 8n and results of the
monitoring from the second PD units 8b-2 (step A9) On the basis of
the collected results of the monitoring, the attenuation quantity
constant controlling unit 123 obtains the present attenuation
quantity in each of the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n
(step A10).
The attenuation quantity constant controlling unit 123 determines
whether the obtained attenuation quantity of each of the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n is larger than an attenuation
quantity target value beforehand set (step A11). When the obtained
attenuation quantity does not reach the attenuation quantity target
value, the attenuation quantity constant controlling unit 123
performs the feedback control so as to increase the attenuation
quantity in the variable attenuator 8a of a corresponding optical
attenuating unit 81, 82 . . . or 8n by a control quantity of one
step (unit control quantity) (step A12).
The attenuation quantity constant controlling unit 123 increases
the attenuation quantity by the one step control quantity at a time
until the attenuation quantity obtained on the basis of the result
of the monitoring from the first PD unit 8b-1 and the second PD
unit 8b-2 reaches the above attenuation quantity target value
(refer to a control loop formed with NO route at step A11, step
A12, step A9 and step A10). When the attenuation quantity of the
variable attenuator 8a reaches the attenuation quantity target
value, the attenuation quantity constant controlling unit 123
terminates the feedback control and fixes the attenuation quantity
in this state (VOA lock-up).
Namely, it can be said that the optical powers of the wavelength
components of the amplified spontaneous emission as being the probe
beams before inputted to the first PD unit 8b-1 are equalized when
it is determined that a result of the determination by the first
determining unit 8b-1 is normal. Accordingly, the attenuation
quantity is fixed to the constant attenuation quantity target value
in each of the optical attenuating unit 81 through 8n, whereby the
powers of the wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous
emission outputted from the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n
are approximately equalized.
When the attenuation quantity in each of the optical attenuating
units 81 through 8n is controlled to be constant as above (YES
route at step A11), the continuity test is made on the optical
propagation path in the lower stream than the second PD unit 8b-2
on the basis of a result of the monitoring by the OSA 11a. In
concrete, the second determining unit 124b obtains a result of
monitoring of the optical power of each of the wavelength
components, multiplexed by the multiplexing unit 9 and amplified by
the post-amplifier 10, from the OSA 11a disposed in the lower
stream than the multiplexing unit 9 (refer to step A13, and D in
FIG. 1).
The second determining unit 124b obtains an average power of all
the channels on the basis of the obtained optical power of each of
the wavelength components, and determines whether a difference
between the obtained average power and the optical power of each of
the wavelength components is within the second specified value
beforehand determined (refer to step A14, and E in FIG. 1).
When the difference between the optical power of any one of the
wavelength components and the average power is outside the range of
the second specified value, the second determining unit 124b
notifies that abnormality occurs in an optical transmission path of
a relevant wavelength component as a result of the continuity test,
together with a channel number of this wavelength component (NO
route at step A14 to step A15). When the difference between the
optical power of each of all the wavelength components and the
average value is within the second specified value, the second
determining unit 124b notifies that no abnormality occurs as a
result of the continuity test (from YES route at step A14 to step
A16).
When it is determined that abnormality occurs as a result of the
continuity test, the connection state of an optical connector
inside the first OADM apparatus 2 is first checked. For example, it
is determined that abnormality occurs in a channel of the
wavelength .lamda.1, an optical connector connecting the optical
attenuator 81 to the multiplexing unit 9 is checked.
Why the continuity test is possible on each of the optical
propagation paths in the downstream than the second PD unit 8b-2
excepting the inside of the optical attenuators 81 through 8n is
that the effect of the loss of the optical connectors connecting
the optical components 8b-1, 8b-2 and 8a configuring each of the
optical attenuators 81 through 8n is prevented by the attenuation
quantity setting control by the optical attenuator itself 81, 82, .
. . or 8n.
The first embodiment of this invention has an advantage that the
continuity test on optical propagation paths through optical
components disposed for communications over all channels, which can
be accommodated, including a channel that is not used at the time
of the initial operation can be made easier than the known
techniques because the control circuit 12 uses the ASE beam as the
probe beam under control thereof.
Another advantage of this embodiment is that the continuity test on
optical propagation paths of all channels which can be accommodated
can be made in a shorter time and at a lower cost than the known
techniques because it becomes unnecessary to prepare a wavelength
tunable laser or the like for the continuity test.
Meanwhile, the above first and second specified values may be set
to values with which it can be determined whether any hindrance
occurs in the optical connections on at least an optical
propagation path to be tested on the basis of the normal continuity
performance of the optical propagation path whose continuity state
is to be determined by the first determining unit 124a and the
second determining unit 124b.
[B] Description of Second Embodiment
[B1] As to Optical Transmission System According to Second
Embodiment of the Invention
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an optical transmission system 1A
according to a second embodiment of this invention. As compared
with the optical system 1 described above according to the first
embodiment, the optical transmission system 1a shown in FIG. 6 is
similar to that according to the first embodiment in that two OADM
apparatuses (a first and a second OADM apparatuses 2A and 3A) are
connected in cascade to each other through the up-link or down-link
transmission line 4-1 or 4-2, but different from that according to
the first embodiment in that the structure for the continuity test
to be made in the first OADM apparatus 2A, and the mode of the same
are different from those according to the first embodiment.
Incidentally, an illustration of the structure for the add/drop
process for a beam propagating through the down-link transmission
line 4-2 is omitted in FIG. 6.
According to the second embodiment, when the first OADM apparatus
2A is incorporated in a ring network to configure the optical
transmission system 1A (namely, the first OADM apparatus 2A is
started to be operated as an OADM node), it is possible to suitably
test the continuity state of an optical propagation path in the
first OADM apparatus 2A during the operation of the optical
transmission system 1A as needed, but the method of the test and
the structures of the first and second OADM apparatuses 2A and 3A
are different from those according to the first embodiment.
[B2] As to Structure for Continuity Confirmation of Optical
Propagation Path of Each Channel in First OADM Apparatus 2A
The first OADM apparatuses 2A and the second OADM apparatus 3A have
optical components (refer to reference characters 5 through 7, 9,
10, 11a, 11b and 81 through 8n) basically similar to those of the
apparatuses 2 and 3 according to the above first embodiment.
However, the first OADM apparatus 2A has a control circuit 12A
different from that according to the first embodiment. The second
OADM apparatus 3A has a control circuit 22A different from that
according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, description will be
made of a structure of the control circuit 12A for making the
continuity confirmation of an optical propagation path of each
channel in the first OADM apparatus 2A with reference to FIG. 7,
focusing on the up-link optical propagation path. Incidentally,
like reference characters in FIGS. 6 and 7 designate like or
corresponding parts in FIGS. 1 and 3.
As shown in FIG. 7, the control circuit 12A in the first OADM
apparatus 2A comprises a first control unit 121 and a second
control circuit 122 similar to those shown in FIG. 3, along with a
power equalizing control unit 123A and a determining unit 124A for
the purpose of a test of the continuity state on the up-link
optical propagation path in the first OADM apparatus 2A. The second
OADM apparatus 3A comprises a control circuit 22A similar to that
shown in FIG. 3.
When a response receiving unit 121a in the first control unit 121
receives a response that transmission of a wavelength-multiplexed
signal beam from the second OADM apparatus 3 is stopped, the power
equalizing control unit 123A controls optical attenuating units 81
through 8n so that the optical powers of wavelength components of
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from a post-amplifier 10
are equalized. In concrete, the power equalizing control unit 123A
controls the attenuation quantities of the variable attenuators 8a
in the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n on the basis of a
result of monitoring fed from an OSA 11a which is the second power
monitor so that the optical powers of the wavelength components
monitored by the OSA 11a are equalized.
The determining unit 124A determines the continuity state of an
optical propagation path of each of the wavelength components on
the basis of results of monitoring by a first PD unit (first power
monitor) 8b-1 and a second PD unit (third power monitor) 8b-2, each
of which configures an optical power monitor. The determining unit
124A comprises a first determining unit 124Aa for determining the
continuity state of an optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components in the upper stream than the first PD unit
8b-1 on the basis of a result of monitoring fed from the first PD
unit 8b-1, and a second determining unit 124Ab for determining the
continuity state of an optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components in the lower stream than the second PD unit
8b-2 on the basis of a result of monitoring fed from the second PD
unit 8b-2.
Namely, the first determining unit 124Aa is similar to that
(reference character 124a) according to the first embodiment
described above. Unlike the second determining unit (reference
character 124b) according to the first embodiment, the second
determining unit 124Ab determines the continuity state of an
optical propagation path of each of the wavelength components in
the lower stream than the second PD unit 8b-2 on the basis of
results of the monitoring fed from the first PD unit 8b-1 and the
second PD unit 8b-2 when the first determining unit 124Aa
determines that the continuity of all the optical propagation paths
of the wavelength components in the upper stream than the first PD
unit 8b-1 are normal.
In concrete, the second determining unit 124Ab measures the
attenuation quantity of each of the variable attenuators 8a
controlled on the basis of a result of monitoring by the OSA 11a,
which is a second optical power monitor, from results of monitoring
by corresponding first and second PD units 8b-1 and 8b-2. On the
basis of a result of this measurement, the second determining unit
124Ab can determine the continuity state of an optical propagation
path of each of the wavelength components in the upper stream than
the branching unit 11b and the lower stream than the second PD unit
8b-2.
Since the optical powers of the wavelength components of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the pre-amplifier 5
are equalized, it can be said that the optical powers of the
wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
outputted from the first PD units 8b-l to the variable attenuators
8a are equalized when the first determining unit 124Aa determines
that the continuity of all the optical propagation paths of the
wavelength components in the upper stream than the first PD units
8b-1 is normal.
For this, it is considered that a wavelength component which has an
attenuation quantity smaller than a specified value in the variable
attenuator 8a, with the attenuation quantity for each of the
wavelength components controlled by the power equalizing unit 123A
on the basis of a result of the monitoring by the OSA 11a, has a
smaller optical power inputted to the OSA 11a. Accordingly, the
attenuation quantity in the variable attenuator 8a is obtained from
results of monitoring by the corresponding first and second PD
units 8b-1 and 8b-2. When there is any wavelength component having
the attenuation quantity smaller than the specified value, it can
be determined that abnormality occurs in the optical propagation
path of that wavelength component in the downstream than the
corresponding PD unit 8b-2.
[B3] Description of Operation for Continuity Test on Optical
Propagation Path of Each Channel in First OADM Apparatus 2A
In the first OADM apparatus 2A structured as above according to the
second embodiment, the continuity test on an optical propagation
path of each channel is made, as shown in a flowchart in FIG. 8,
for example.
Like the first embodiment described above, the continuity of an
optical propagation path in the upper stream side than the first PD
unit 8b-1 in each of the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n is
tested by using amplified spontaneous emission (refer to A in FIG.
6) outputted from the pre-amplifier 5, with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam from the second OADM apparatus
3A not inputted (steps B12 through B8 corresponding to steps A1
through A8 in FIG. 5, respectively).
At this time, the amplified spontaneous emission from the
pre-amplifier 5 can cover wavelength bands that the first OADM
apparatus 2A can accommodate, and can have approximately constant
power distribution, like the first embodiment. Accordingly, use of
a wavelength component beam (refer to B in FIG. 6) having the
center wavelength corresponding to each channel obtained by
demultiplexing the amplified spontaneous emission from the
pre-amplifier 5 by the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 as the
probe beam for the continuity test enables a simpler continuity
test on an optical propagation path of each of all the wavelengths
that the first OADM apparatus 2A can accommodate including a
wavelength that is not planned to be accommodated at the beginning,
not only without a wavelength tunable laser which is heretofore
required but also with the pump beam supply control on the
pre-amplifier 5.
The first determining unit 124Aa determines whether the optical
level of each of the wavelength components is larger than a first
specific value beforehand set on the basis of a result of
monitoring fed from the first PD unit 8b-1. When determining that
any one of the wavelength components is smaller than the first
specific value, the first determining unit 124Aa determines that
abnormality occurs in an optical propagation path (a path in the
lower stream than the pre-amplifier 5 and the upper stream than the
first PD unit 8b-1) of the wavelength component having an optical
level smaller than the first specific value, and notifies of it,
together with the channel number, as a result of the continuity
test (from NO route at step B7 to step B8).
Namely, the first determining unit 124Aa determines that a large
loss is present between the pre-amplifier 5 and the first PD unit
8b-1 in a channel having an optical level at the first PD unit 8b-1
not larger than the specific value, notifies of it, and terminates
the continuity test.
When the first determining unit 124Aa determines that the optical
levels of all the wavelength components are above the first
specific value, the power equalizing control unit 123A starts to
control the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n (a control loop
formed with step B9 through B12).
The OSA 11a in the first OADM apparatus 2A monitors the output of
the post-amplifier 10 to obtain optical power information on each
channel, and outputs the obtained optical power information on each
channel as a result of the monitoring to the power equalizing
control unit 123A (step B9). Namely, the optical power of each of
the wavelength components of the amplified spontaneous emission
wavelength-multiplexed by the multiplexing unit 9 and amplified by
the post-amplifier 10 is obtained by the OSA 11a.
The power equalizing control unit 123A controls the variable
attenuators 8a in the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n so
that the optical components of all channels including a wavelength
component of a channel that is not planned to be accommodated by
the first OADM apparatus 2A at the beginning are above a third
specified value (step B10), and that level deviations among all the
channels are within a fourth specific value (step B11), thereby
equalizing the powers of the probe beam components of all the
channels outputted from the post-amplifier 10 (step B12, refer to C
in FIG. 6).
When the optical components of all the channels become above the
third specified value and the level deviations among all the
channels become within the fourth specified value by controlling
the optical attenuating units 81 through 8n by the above power
equalizing control unit 123A, the second determining unit 124Ab
determines the continuity state of optical propagation paths in the
lower stream than the second PD unit 8b-2 (step B13 to step
B16).
The second determining unit 124Ab collects results of monitoring of
the optical powers from the first PD units 8b-1 of the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n, and results of monitoring of
optical powers from the second PD units 8b-2, and measures the
attenuation quantities in the variable attenuators 8a in the
respective optical attenuating units 81 through 8n from these
results of the monitoring (step B13, refer to D in FIG. 6). The
second determining unit 124Ab compares each of the attenuation
quantities of the variable attenuators 8a in the optical
attenuating units 81 through 8n with the fifth specified value to
determine the continuity state of an optical propagation path of
each of the wavelength components in the upper stream than the
branching unit 11b and the downstream than the second PD unit 8b-2
(step B14).
When there is any variable attenuator 8a corresponding to a channel
whose attenuation quantity is smaller than the fifth specified
value, the second determining unit 124Ab determines that
abnormality occurs in an optical propagation path of this channel
in the upper stream than the branching unit 11b and the lower
stream than the second PD unit 8b-2, and notifies of it, together
with the channel number (from NO route at step B14 to step
B15).
Particularly, it is possible to specify an optical propagation path
in the lower stream than the second PD unit 8b-2 and the upper
stream than the branching unit 11b having a large loss. Since the
loss on the optical propagation path generally increases due to a
faulty splice state of an optical connector, it is possible to
efficiently restore abnormality of the continuity state by checking
optical connectors and the like on the specified optical
propagation path (refer to E in FIG. 6).
When the attenuation quantities of the variable attenuators 8a
corresponding to all the channels are above the fifth specified
value, the second determining unit 124Ab determines that the
optical propagation paths of all the channels in the upper stream
than the branching unit 11b and the lower stream than the second PD
unit 8b-2 are normal, and notifies of it (from YES route at step
B14 to step B16).
The second embodiment of this invention has an advantage that the
continuity test on optical propagation paths through optical
components disposed for communications over all channels that can
be accommodated including a channel that is not planned to be used
at the beginning can be made easier than the known techniques
because the control circuit 12A uses the ASE beam as the probe
beams under control.
Since it becomes unnecessary to prepare a wavelength tunable laser
or the like for the continuity test, it is possible to make the
continuity test on an optical propagation path of each of all
channels that can be accommodated in a shorter time and at a lower
cost than the known techniques.
Incidentally, the above third to fifth specified values are set to
values with which it is possible to determine, on the basis of the
attenuation quantity of the variable attenuator 8a, whether or not
a hindrance occurs at any optical connection on optical propagation
path to be tested even when the loss present on a optical
propagation path in the normal continuity state between at least
the second PD unit 8b-2 and the branching unit 11b is
subtracted.
[C] Others
Irrespective of the above embodiments, the present invention may be
modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the
invention.
For example, in the first embodiment, the optical crossconnect unit
7 may not be set to "through" but to "drop/add," and the drop port
DP and a corresponding add port AP may be connected to each other
at their ends, whereby not only the continuity state between the
transmission input port and the drop port but also the continuity
state between the add port AP and the transmission output port can
be tested, as shown in FIG. 9.
As the continuity test on such the drop port DP and the add port
AP, it is possible to test only one channel planned to be
introduced into the first OADM apparatus 2, or all the channels
including a channel that is not planned to be introduced.
Namely, in the continuity test, a probe beam at each wavelength
obtained by wavelength-demultiplexing the amplified spontaneous
emission by the wavelength demultiplexing unit 6 is inputted
through the transmission input port and dropped from the branching
port (drop port). Then, the wavelength component outputted from the
drop port DP in the branching process is returned as it is and
added from the insert port (add port) AP in the adding process, and
finally outputted through the transmission output port, under the
setting control on the optical crossconnect unit 7 of the second
control unit 122.
In other words, the second control unit 122 controls the optical
crossconnect unit 7 so that each wavelength component of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the pre-amplifier 5
under the control of the first control unit 121 is inputted through
the transmission input port of the optical crossconnect unit 7, and
is subjected to add-drop processing.
Whereby, the first determining unit 124a can test the continuity
state of the optical transmission path in the lower stream than the
pre-amplifier 5 and the upper stream than the first PD unit 8b-1,
together with the continuity of the drop port DP and the add port
AP in the optical crossconnect unit 7.
Similarly, in the second embodiment, the first determining unit
124Aa in the first OADM apparatus 2A can test the continuity state
of the optical transmission path in the lower stream than the
pre-amplifier 5 and the upper stream than the first PD unit 8b-1,
together with the continuity of the drop port DP and the add port
AP in the crossconnect unit 7, as shown in FIG. 10.
In this case, the second control unit 122 controls the optical
crossconnect unit 7 so that each wavelength component of the
amplified spontaneous emission outputted from the pre-amplifier 5
under the control of the first control unit 121 is inputted through
the transmission input port of the optical crossconnect unit 7, and
is subjected to add-drop processing as well.
As a modification, the specified values (the first specified value
and the fifth specified value) which are standards to determine the
continuity state by the first determining units 124a and 124Aa, and
the second determining units 124b and 124Ab in the first OADM
apparatuses 2 and 2A according to the first and second embodiments
may be step-wisely set according to the degree of loss on the
optical transmission path. Whereby, the determining units 124 and
124A can quantitatively determine how much the margin is left for
an increase in the loss due to device deterioration with age in the
future that is caused by continuous operation.
In the OADM node 100 shown in FIG. 11 described above, the VOA 104
is generally feed-back-controlled to control the optical power of
each channel to the required level at the output of the
post-amplifier 106. For this, even if an abnormally large loss is
present on the path of the channel in the node 100, only monitoring
of the node output is useless to detect such abnormal path loss
even when the tolerance of the optical level for the path loss in
the node 100 is extremely small.
According to this invention, it is possible to confirm the
continuity including the degree of the path loss as above, which
enables the maintenance of the optical components in expectation of
an increase in loss due to device deterioration with age in the
future.
In the above embodiments, the supervisory control channel is used
for communication to stop the transmission of the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam between the first OADM apparatus
2 or 2A and the second OADM apparatus 3 or 3A. As another
modification of this invention, the communication is possible with
another structure.
In the above embodiments, in an optical transmission system having
an OADM apparatus, the continuity test is made on an optical
propagation path in the OADM apparatus. As still another
modification, this invention can be applied to any optical
transmission apparatus so long as the optical transmission
apparatus has at least a preamplifier and a path, on and through
which a wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is demultiplexed and
propagated, because the number of optical connectors, which may
cause a loss due to an increase in the number of the multiplexed
wavelengths, increases.
In such case, an optical transmission apparatus having at least a
preamplifier and a wavelength demultiplexing unit for
wavelength-demultiplexing a beam amplified by the preamplifier
comprises a preamplifier controlling unit for controlling the
preamplifier so that the amplified spontaneous emission including
all wavelength bands of the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam is
outputted to the wavelength demultiplexing unit, with the
wavelength-multiplexed signal beam not inputted, a power monitor
for monitoring the optical powers of the amplified spontaneous
emission from the preamplifier demultiplexed by the wavelength
demultiplexing unit, and a determining unit for determining the
continuity state of the optical propagation path of each of the
wavelength components demultiplexed by the wavelength
demultiplexing unit on the basis of a result of monitoring by the
power monitor. Wherein, the preamplifier outputs the amplified
spontaneous emission, with the wavelength-multiplexed signal beam
not inputted, under control of the preamplifier control unit, the
wavelength demultiplexing unit demultiplexes the amplified
spontaneous emission outputted from the preamplifier into
wavelengths, the power monitor monitors the optical power of each
of the demultiplexed wavelengths of the amplified spontaneous
emission demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit on the
optical path through which the amplified spontaneous emission is
propagated, and the determining unit determines the continuity
state of the optical path on which the amplified spontaneous
emission demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexing unit is
propagated on the basis of a result of the monitoring.
In the above embodiments, the function for the continuity test is
added to the OADM apparatus. Alternatively, this invention can be
attained in such a way that the function for the continuity test of
the first control unit 121 and the second control unit 122 is
separated from the OADM apparatus. That is, it is possible that at
least the separated function units, the OSA 11a and the determining
unit 124 (124A) are integrated to form a continuity test apparatus
for the continuity test on an OADM apparatus or the like having the
variable attenuating function shown in FIG. 11 described above.
* * * * *