U.S. patent number 7,396,830 [Application Number 11/541,826] was granted by the patent office on 2008-07-08 for piperazine amidines as antiviral agents.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Invention is credited to Clint A. James, John F. Kadow, Nicholas A. Meanwell, Bradley C. Pearce, Edward H. Ruediger, Tao Wang, Zhiwei Yin, Zhongxing Zhang.
United States Patent |
7,396,830 |
Wang , et al. |
July 8, 2008 |
Piperazine amidines as antiviral agents
Abstract
This disclosure provides compounds of Formula I ##STR00001## as
described herein having drug and bio-affecting properties, their
pharmaceutical compositions and method of use. In particular, the
disclosure is concerned with indole and azaindole piperazine
diamide derivatives that possess unique antiviral activity. More
particularly, the present disclosure relates to compounds useful
for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.
Inventors: |
Wang; Tao (Farmington, CT),
Kadow; John F. (Wallingford, CT), Meanwell; Nicholas A.
(East Hampton, CT), Zhang; Zhongxing (Madison, CT), Yin;
Zhiwei (Glastonbury, CT), James; Clint A. (Longueuil,
CA), Ruediger; Edward H. (Greenfield Park,
CA), Pearce; Bradley C. (East Hampton, CT) |
Assignee: |
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
(Princeton, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
37596183 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/541,826 |
Filed: |
October 2, 2006 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20070078141 A1 |
Apr 5, 2007 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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60723580 |
Oct 4, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/234.5;
514/254.02; 514/253.09; 514/253.04; 514/252.11; 514/254.09;
544/295; 544/357; 544/362; 544/369; 544/373; 544/121;
514/235.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D
401/12 (20130101); A61P 31/18 (20180101); C07F
5/025 (20130101); A61P 31/12 (20180101); C07D
401/04 (20130101); C07D 417/04 (20130101); C07D
209/12 (20130101); C07D 471/04 (20130101); C07D
209/18 (20130101); C07D 409/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61K
31/496 (20060101); C07D 209/20 (20060101); C07D
417/04 (20060101); C07D 471/04 (20060101) |
Other References
Drug Evaluations by American Medical Association (6.sup.th Ed.),
pp. 1615-1627 (1986). cited by examiner.
|
Primary Examiner: Bernhardt; Emily
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application
Ser. No. 60/723,580 filed Oct. 4, 2005.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, ##STR00223## wherein: X is selected from the group
consisting of: ##STR00224## R.sup.1 is H; R.sup.2 is halogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkoxy; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently H or
halogen; R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
halogen, methoxy, and B; R.sup.6 is O or does not exist; represents
a carbon-carbon bond; B is selected from the group consisting of
C(O)NR.sup.14R.sup.15, phenyl and heteroaryl; wherein said phenyl
and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to
three same or different halogens or from one to three same or
different substituents selected from F defined below; heteroaryl is
selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrazinyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl,
oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, and triazolyl; F
is selected from the group consisting of (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, phenyl,
and --CONR.sup.16R.sup.17; wherein said phenyl is optionally
substituted with one to three same or different halogens or one to
three methyl groups or cyano; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are
independently hydrogen or C.sub.1-6)alkyl; R.sup.16 and R.sup.17
are independently hydrogen or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl; ##STR00225## J is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C.sub.1-6)alkyl,
phenyl, pyridyl, (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.18R.sup.19,
C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.20, C(.dbd.O)R.sup.21, cyano, and SO.sub.2G.sup.3,
wherein said (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, may be optionally substituted with
one to three same or different members selected from the group J-1;
R.sup.18 and R.sup.19 are each independently H, (C.sub.1-6)alkyl,
or phenyl; R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 are each independently
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl; G.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl, (C.sub.3-6) cycloalkyl,
N((C.sub.1-6)alkyl).sub.2, and phenyl; J-1 is selected from the
group consisting of --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, morpholino, piperazinyl,
hydroxy, alkyloxy, and N-Me piperazinyl; W is phenyl or pyridinyl;
R.sup.27, R.sup.28, R.sup.29, R.sup.30, R.sup.31, R.sup.32,
R.sup.34 and R.sup.35 are independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, or one or two (C.sub.1-6)alkyl optionally
substituted with 1 to 3 fluorines.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein J is CH.sub.3, CN, or H.
3. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises an antiviral
effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, as claimed in claim 1, and one or more
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, useful for treating
infection by HIV, which additionally comprises an antiviral
effective amount of an AIDS treatment agent selected from the group
consisting of: (a) an AIDS antiviral agent; (b) an anti-infective
agent; (c) an immunomodulator; and (d) HIV entry inhibitors.
5. A method for treating a mammal infected with an HIV virus
comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral effective
amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, as claimed in claim 1, and one or more
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.
6. The method of claim 5, comprising administering to said mammal
an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I in
combination with an antiviral effective amount of an AIDS treatment
agent selected from the group consisting of: an AIDS antiviral
agent; an anti-infective agent; an immunomodulator; and an HIV
entry inhibitor.
Description
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
This disclosure provides compounds having drug and bio-affecting
properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and method of use. In
particular, the disclosure is concerned with indole and azaindole
piperazine diamide derivatives that possess unique antiviral
activity. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to
compounds useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.
BACKGROUND ART
HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) infection remains a major
medical problem, with an estimated 42 million people infected
worldwide at the end of 2002. The number of cases of HIV and AIDS
(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) has risen rapidly. In 2002,
approximately 5.0 million new infections were reported, and 3.1
million people died from AIDS. Currently available drugs for the
treatment of HIV include nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT)
inhibitors or approved single pill combinations: zidovudine (or AZT
or Retrovir.RTM.), didanosine (or Videx.RTM.), stavudine (or
Zerit.RTM.), lamivudine (or 3TC or Epivir.RTM.), zalcitabine (or
DDC or Hivid.RTM.), abacavir succinate (or Ziagen.RTM.), Tenofovir
disoproxil fumarate salt (or Viread.RTM.), emtricitabine (or FTC),
Combivir.RTM. (contains -3TC plus AZT), Trizivir.RTM. (contains
abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine), Epzicom.RTM. (contains
abacavir and lamivudine), Truvada.RTM. (contains Viread.RTM. and
emtricitabine); non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
nevirapine (or Viramune.RTM.), delavirdine (or Rescriptor.RTM.) and
efavirenz (or Sustiva.RTM.), and peptidomimetic protease inhibitors
or approved formulations: saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir,
nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, and Kaletra.RTM.(lopinavir and
Ritonavir). Each of these drugs can only transiently restrain viral
replication if used alone. However, when used in combination, these
drugs have a profound effect on viremia and disease progression. In
fact, significant reductions in death rates among AIDS patients
have been recently documented as a consequence of the widespread
application of combination therapy. However, despite these
impressive results, 30 to 50% of patients ultimately fail
combination drug therapies. Insufficient drug potency,
non-compliance, restricted tissue penetration and drug-specific
limitations within certain cell types (e.g. most nucleoside analogs
cannot be phosphorylated in resting cells) may account for the
incomplete suppression of sensitive viruses. Furthermore, the high
replication rate and rapid turnover of HIV-1 combined with the
frequent incorporation of mutations, leads to the appearance of
drug-resistant variants and treatment failures when sub-optimal
drug concentrations are present. Therefore, novel anti-HIV agents
exhibiting distinct resistance patterns, and favorable
pharmacokinetic as well as safety profiles are needed to provide
more treatment options. Improved HIV fusion inhibitors and HIV
entry coreceptor antagonists are two examples of new classes of
anti-HIV agents currently being studied by a number of
investigators.
The properties of a class of HIV entry inhibitors called HIV
attachment inhibitors has been improved in an effort to obtain
compounds with maximized utility and efficacy as antiviral agents.
A disclosure describing indoles of which the structure shown below
for BMS-705 is representative has been disclosed [Antiviral
Indoleoxoacetyl Piperazine Derivatives. Wade Blair; Millind
Deshpande; Haiquan Fang; Ping-Fang Lin; Tim Spencer; Owen Wallace;
Hui Wang; Tao Wang; Zhongxing Zhang and Kap-Sun Yeung WO-00076521
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,469,006 issued), 2000].
##STR00002##
Two other compounds, referred to in the literature as BMS-806 and
BMS-043 have been described in both the academic and patent
art:
##STR00003## (1) A small molecule HIV-1 inhibitor that targets the
HIV-1 envelope and inhibits CD4 receptor binding (Lin, Pin-Fang;
Blair, Wade; Wang, Tao; Spicer, Timothy; Guo, Qi; Zhou, Nannan;
Gong, Yi-Fei; Wang, H.-G. Heidi; Rose, Ronald; Yamanaka, Gregory;
Robinson, Brett; Li, Chang-Ben; Fridell, Robert; Deminie, Carol;
Demers, Gwendeline; Yang, Zheng; Zadjura, Lisa; Meanwell, Nicholas;
and Colonno, Richard. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America (2003), 100(19),
11013-11018); (2) Biochemical and genetic characterizations of a
novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibitor that blocks
gp120-CD4 interactions (Guo, Qi; Ho, Hsu-Tso; Dicker, Ira; Fan, Li;
Zhou, Nannan; Friborg, Jacques; Wang, Tao; McAuliffe, Brian V.;
Wang, Hwei-gene Heidi; Rose, Ronald E.; Fang, Hua; Scarnati, Helen
T.; Langley, David R.; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Abraham, Ralph;
Colonno, Richard J.; and Lin, Pin-fang. Journal of Virology (2003),
77(19), 10528-10536); (3) Method using small heterocyclic compounds
for treating HIV infection by preventing interaction of CD4 and
gp120 (Ho, Hsu-Tso; Dalterio, Richard A.; Guo, Qi; and Lin,
Pin-Fang. PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2003072028 A2); (4) Antiviral
Azaindole Derivatives Useful for the Treatment of HIV Infection
(Wang, Tao; Wallace, Owen; Zhang, Zhongxing; Meanwell, Nicolas A.;
and Bender, John A. WO-00162255 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,476,034 and 6,900,323), 2001); (5) Method using small
heterocyclic compounds for treating HIV infection by preventing
interaction of CD4 and gp120. (Ho, Hsu-Tso; Dalterio, Richard A.;
Guo, Qi; and Lin, Pin-Fang. PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO
2003072028A2); and (6) Discovery of
4-benzoyl-1-[(4-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)oxoacetyl]-2-(R)-me-
thylpiperazine (BMS-378806): A Novel HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitor
That Interferes with CD4-gp120 Interactions. (Wang, Tao; Zhang,
Zhongxing; Wallace, Owen B.; Deshpande, Milind; Fang, Haiquan;
Yang, Zheng; Zadjura, Lisa M.; Tweedie, Donald L.; Huang, Stella;
Zhao, Fang; Ranadive, Sunanda; Robinson, Brett S.; Gong, Yi-Fei;
Ricarrdi, Keith; Spicer, Timothy P.; Deminie, Carol; Rose, Ronald;
Wang, Hwei-Gene Heidi; Blair, Wade S.; Shi, Pei-Yong; Lin,
Pin-fang; Colonno, Richard J.; and Meanwell, Nicholas A. Journal of
Medicinal Chemistry (2003), 46(20), 4236-4239).
Some description of their properties in human clinical trials have
been disclosed ("Antiviral Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of a
Novel, Oral Small-Molecule HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitor, IVa, in
HIV-1-Infected Subjects" G. Hanna, J. Lalezari, J. Hellinger, D.
Wohl, T. Masterson, W. Fiske, J. Kadow, P-F. Lin, M. Giordano, R.
Colonno, D. Grasela. Abstract J-32, Feb. 11, 2004, 11th Conference
on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), San Francisco,
Calif.).
It should be noted that in all three of these structures, a
piperazine amide (In these three structures a piperazine phenyl
amide) is present and this group is directly attached to an
oxoacetyl moiety. The oxoacetyl group is attached at the 3-position
of 4-Fluoro indole in BMS-705 and to the 3 position of substituted
azaindoles in BMS-806 and BMS-043.
In an effort to obtain improved anti-HIV compounds, later
publications described in part, modifed substitution patterns on
the indoles and azaindoles: (1) Novel Substituted Indoleoxoacetic
Piperazine Derivatives Useful for treating HIV Infection and AIDS.
(Wallace, Owen B.; Wang, Tao; Yang, Kap-Sun; Pearce, Bradley;
Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Qiu, Zhilei; Fang, Haiquan; Xue, Qiufen May
and Yin, Zhiwei. WO-00204440 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No.
6,573,262 & U.S. Pat. No. 6,632,819)); (2) Preparation and
antiviral activity of substituted piperazinyloxoacetylindole
derivatives. (Wallace, Owen B.; Wang, Tao; Yeung, Kap-Sun; Pearce,
Bradley C.; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Qiu, Zhilei; Fang, Haiquan; Xue,
Qiufen May; Yin, Zhiwei. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 2003069245); (3)
Composition and Antiviral Activity of Substituted
Azaindoleoxoacetic Piperazine Derivatives. (Wang, Tao; Zhang,
Zhongxing; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Kadow, John F.; and Yin, Zhiwei.
WO-02062423); (4) Composition and antiviral activity of substituted
azaindoleoxoacetic piperazine derivatives. (Wang, Tao; Zhang,
Zhongxing; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Kadow, John F.; Yin, Zhiwei; and
Xue, Qiufen May. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 20030207910); and (5)
Composition and antiviral activity of substituted
azaindoleoxoacetic piperazine derivatives. (Wang, Tao; Zhang,
Zhongxing; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Kadow, John F.; Yin, Zhiwei; Xue,
Qiufen May; Regueiro-Ren, Alicia; Matiskella, John D.; Ueda,
Yasutsugu. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 2004110785).
Replacement of these groups with other heteraromatics or
substituted heteroaroamatics or bicyclic hydrocarbons was also
shown to be feasible: (1) Indole, Azaindole and Related
Heterocyclic Amidopiperazine Derivatives. Wang, Tao; Wallace, Owen
B.; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Zhang, Zhongxing; Bender, John A.; and
Kadow, John F. WO-02085301 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No.
6,825,201); (2) Bicyclo 4.4.0 Antiviral Derivatives. (Wang, Tao;
Wallace, Owen B.; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Kadow, John F.; Zhang,
Zhongxing; and Yang, Zhong. WO-03092695); and (3) A preparation of
diazaindole derivatives, useful as antiviral agents. (Bender, John
A.; Yang, Zhong; Kadow, John F.; and Meanwell, Nicholas A.
US2005124623).
A select few replacements for the piperazine amide portion of the
molecules have also been described in the art and among these
examples are
(A) Piperidine Alkenes: (1) Indole, Azaindole and Related
Heterocyclic 4-Alkenyl Piperidine Amides. (Wang, Tao; Kadow, John
F.; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Zhang, Zhongxing; Yin, Zhiwei; Yeung,
Kap-Sun; Qiu, Zhilei; Deon, Daniel H.; James, Clint A.; Ruedinger,
Edward H., and Bachand, Carol. US-2004/0063744); and (2)
Preparation and pharmaceutical compositions of indole, azaindole
and related heterocyclic 4-alkenyl piperidine amides. (Wang, Tao;
Kadow, John F.; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Yeung, Kap-Sun; Zhang,
Zhongxing; Yin, Zhiwei; Qiu, Zhilei; Deon, Daniel H.; James, Clint
A.; Ruediger, Edward H.; and Bachand, Carol. U.S. Pat. Appl.
2004/0186292).
(B) Certain Pyrrolidine Amides: Indole, Azaindole and Related
Heterocyclic Pyrrolidine Derivatives. (Kadow, John F.; Xu, Qiufen;
Wang, Tao; Zhang, Zhongxing; and Meanwell, Nicholas A. WO-03068221,
2003.);
(C) N-aryl or Heteroaryl Piperazines: Preparation of
(aza)indolyloxoacetylpiperazines as anti-HIV drugs (Yeung, Kap-Sun;
Farkas, Michelle; Kadow, John F.; Meanwell, Nicholas A.; Taylor,
Malcolm; Johnston, David; Coulter, Thomas Stephen; Wright, J. J.
Kim. WO-2005004801, 2005.);
(D) Piperazinyl Ureas: (1) Preparation of indolyl-, azaindolyl-,
and related heterocyclic sulfonylureidopiperazines for treatment of
HIV and AIDS. (Kadow, John F.; Regueiro-Ren, Alicia; Xue, Qiufen
May. WO-2004000210, 2003); and (2) Preparation of indolyl-,
azaindolyl-, and related heterocyclic ureido and thioureido
piperazines for treatment of HIV and AIDS. (Regueiro-Ren, Alicia;
Xue, Qiufen May; Kadow, John F.; and Taylor, Malcolm.
WO-2004011425, 2004).
A method for preparing prodrugs was also disclosed in this class
(Prodrugs of Piperazine and Substituted Piperidine Antiviral
Agents. (Ueda et al., U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No.
11/066,745, filed Feb. 25, 2005).
A publication on new compounds in this class of attachment
inhibitors (Jinsong Wang et. al. Org. Biol. Chem. 2005, 3,
1781-1786.) and a patent application on some more remotely related
compounds have appeared WO2005/016344 published on Feb. 24,
2005.
Nothing in these references can be construed to disclose or suggest
the novel compounds of-this disclosure and their use to inhibit HIV
infection.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula I, their
pharmaceutical formulations, and their use in patients suffering
from or susceptible to a virus such as HIV. The compounds of
Formula I, which include pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or
solvates (e.g., hydrates) thereof, have the formula and meaning as
described below. Are effective antiviral agents, particularly as
inhibitors of HIV.
A first embodiment of the present disclosure relates to compounds
of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts
thereof,
##STR00004## wherein: X is selected from the group consisting
of:
##STR00005## R.sup.1 is H; R.sup.2 is halogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkoxy; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently H or halogen; R.sup.5
is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen,
methoxy, and B; R.sup.6 is O or does not exist; represents a
carbon-carbon bond; B is selected from the group consisting of
C(O)NR.sup.14R.sup.15, phenyl and heteroaryl; wherein said phenyl
and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to
three same or different halogens or from one to three same or
different substituents selected from F defined below; heteroaryl is
selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrazinyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl,
oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, and triazolyl; F
is selected from the group consisting of (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, phenyl,
and --CONR.sup.16R.sup.17; wherein said phenyl is optionally
substituted with one to three same or different halogens or one to
three methyl groups or cyano; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are
independently hydrogen or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl; R.sup.16 and R.sup.17
are independently hydrogen or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl;
##STR00006## J is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl,
C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.18R.sup.19, C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.20, C(.dbd.O)R.sup.21,
cyano, and SO.sub.2G.sup.3, wherein said (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, may be
optionally substituted with one to three same or different members
selected from the group J-1; R.sup.18 and R.sup.19 are each
independently H, (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.20 and R.sup.21
are each independently (C.sub.1-6)alkyl; G.sup.3 is selected from
the group consisting of (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, (C.sub.3-6) cycloalkyl,
N((C.sub.1-6alkyl).sub.2, and phenyl; J-1 is selected from the
group consisting of --NR.sup.35R.sup.36, morpholino, piperazinyl,
ester, hydroxy, alkyloxy, and N-Me piperazinyl; W is phenyl or
pyridinyl; R.sup.27, R.sup.28, R.sup.29, R.sup.30, R.sup.31,
R.sup.32, R.sup.34 and R.sup.35 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, or one or two (C.sub.1-6)alkyl
optionally substituted with 1 to 3 fluorines.
In a specific embodiment, J is methyl, CN or hydrogen.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for
treating mammals infected with a virus, especially wherein said
virus is HIV, comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral
effective amount of a compound of Formula I, and one or more
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.
Optionally, the compound of Formula I can be administered in
combination with an antiviral effective amount of an AIDS treatment
agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) an AIDS antiviral
agent; (b) an anti-infective agent; (c) an immunomodulator; and (d)
HIV entry inhibitors.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising an antiviral effective amount of a compound
of Formula I and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,
excipients, diluents and optionally in combination with an
antiviral effective amount of an AIDS treatment agent selected from
the group consisting of: (a) an AIDS antiviral agent; (b) an
anti-infective agent; (c) an immunomodulator; and (d) HIV entry
inhibitors.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Continued efforts to search for compounds with improved anti-HIV
capabilities have led to the discovery that piperazine amidines can
be substituted onto the substituted azaindole oxoacetyl or indole
oxoacetyl moieties to provide useful antiviral compounds of this
disclosure as depicted by the general formula shown below.
##STR00007##
The inventors of the present disclosures have investigated the
utility of the piperidine amidines in combination with other groups
that have previously been used to replace the indoles and
azaindoles in previous piperazine benzamide work. Compounds with
useful antiviral properties have been obtained.
Since the compounds of the present disclosure may possess
asymmetric centers, the present disclosure includes the individual
diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric forms of the compounds of
Formula I in addition to the mixtures thereof.
Definitions
The term "C.sub.1-6 alkyl" as used herein and in the claims (unless
specified otherwise) mean straight or branched chain alkyl groups
such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl,
amyl, hexyl and the like.
"Halogen" refers to chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine.
An "aryl" group refers to an all carbon monocyclic or fused-ring
polycyclic(i.e., rings which share adjacent pairs of carbon atoms)
groups having a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Examples,
without limitation, of aryl groups are phenyl, napthalenyl and
anthracenyl. The aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
When substituted the substituted group(s) is preferably one or more
selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic,
hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy,
thiohydroxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy,
cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, C-amido,
N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,
trihalomethyl, ureido, amino and --NR.sup.xR.sup.y, wherein R.sup.x
and R.sup.y are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, carbonyl, C-carboxy, sulfonyl,
trihalomethyl, and, combined, a five- or six-member heteroalicyclic
ring.
As used herein, a "heteroaryl" group refers to a monocyclic or
fused ring (i.e., rings which share an adjacent pair of atoms)
group having in the ring(s) one or more atoms selected from the
group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and, in addition,
having a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Unless otherwise
indicated, the heteroaryl group may be attached at either a carbon
or nitrogen atom within the heteroaryl group. It should be noted
that the term heteroaryl is intended to encompass an N-oxide of the
parent heteroaryl if such an N-oxide is chemically feasible as is
known in the art. Examples, without limitation, of heteroaryl
groups are furyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl,
oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, triazolyl,
tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyranyl,
tetrahydropyranyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl,
indolyl, isoindolyl, pyrazinyl. diazinyl, pyrazine, triazinyl,
tetrazinyl, and tetrazolyl. When substituted the substituted
group(s) is preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl,
aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy,
heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thioalkoxy, thiohydroxy,
thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano,
halogen, nitro, carbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, C-amido, N-amido,
C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,
trihalomethyl, ureido, amino, and --NR.sup.xR.sup.y, wherein
R.sup.x and R.sup.y are as defined above.
As used herein, a "heteroalicyclic" group refers to a monocyclic or
fused ring group having in the ring(s) one or more atoms selected
from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Rings are
selected from those which provide stable arrangements of bonds and
are not intended to encomplish systems which would not exist. The
rings may also have one or more double bonds. However, the rings do
not have a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Examples,
without limitation, of heteroalicyclic groups are azetidinyl,
piperidyl, piperazinyl, imidazolinyl, thiazolidinyl,
3-pyrrolidin-1-yl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and
tetrahydropyranyl. When substituted the substituted group(s) is
preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl,
heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy,
heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy,
thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano,
halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl,
O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido,
C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,
trihalomethanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, silyl, guanyl,
guanidino, ureido, phosphonyl, amino and --NR.sup.xR.sup.y, wherein
R.sup.x and R.sup.y are as defined above.
An "alkyl" group refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
including straight chain and branched chain groups. Preferably, the
alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever a numerical range;
e.g., "1-20", is stated herein, it means that the group, in this
case the alkyl group may contain 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3
carbon atoms, etc. up to and including 20 carbon atoms). More
preferably, it is a medium size alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Most preferably, it is a lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
The alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When
substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more
individually selected from trihaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl,
heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy,
heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy,
thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halo,
nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl,
O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido,
C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,
trihalomethanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, and combined, a
five- or six-member heteroalicyclic ring.
A "cycloalkyl" group refers to an all-carbon monocyclic or fused
ring (i.e., rings which share and adjacent pair of carbon atoms)
group wherein one or more rings does not have a completely
conjugated pi-electron system. Examples, without limitation, of
cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane,
cyclopentene, cyclohexane, cyclohexadiene, cycloheptane,
cycloheptatriene and adamantane. A cycloalkyl group may be
substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent
group(s) is preferably one or more individually selected from
alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy,
heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy,
thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halo,
nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl,
O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido,
C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,
trihalo-methanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, silyl, guanyl,
guanidino, ureido, phosphonyl, amino and --NR.sup.xR.sup.y with
R.sup.x and R.sup.y as defined above.
An "alkenyl" group refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein,
having at least two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon
double bond.
An "alkynyl" group refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein,
having at least two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon
triple bond.
A "hydroxy" group refers to an --OH group.
An "alkoxy" group refers to both an --O-alkyl and an --O-cycloalkyl
group as defined herein.
An "aryloxy" group refers to both an --O-aryl and an --O-heteroaryl
group, as defined herein.
A "heteroaryloxy" group refers to a heteroaryl-O-- group with
heteroaryl as defined herein.
A "heteroalicycloxy" group refers to a heteroalicyclic-O-- group
with heteroalicyclic as defined herein.
A "thiohydroxy" group refers to an --SH group.
A "thioalkoxy" group refers to both an S-alkyl and an
--S-cycloalkyl group, as defined herein.
A "thioaryloxy" group refers to both an --S-aryl and an
--S-heteroaryl group, as defined herein.
A "thioheteroaryloxy" group refers to a heteroaryl-S-- group with
heteroaryl as defined herein.
A "thioheteroalicycloxy" group refers to a heteroalicyclic-S--
group with heteroalicyclic as defined herein.
A "carbonyl" group refers to a --C(.dbd.O)--R'' group, where R'' is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl (bonded through a ring
carbon) and heteroalicyclic (bonded through a ring carbon), as each
is defined herein.
An "aldehyde" group refers to a carbonyl group where R'' is
hydrogen.
A "thiocarbonyl" group refers to a --C(.dbd.S)--R'' group, with R''
as defined herein.
A "Keto" group refers to a --CC(.dbd.O)C-- group wherein the carbon
on either or both sides of the C.dbd.O may be alkyl, cycloalkyl,
aryl or a carbon of a heteroaryl or heteroalicyclic group.
A "trihalomethanecarbonyl" group refers to a Z.sub.3CC(.dbd.O)--
group with said Z being a halogen.
A "C-carboxy" group refers to a --C(.dbd.O)O--R'' groups, with R''
as defined herein.
An "O-carboxy" group refers to a R''C(--O)O-group, with R'' as
defined herein.
A "carboxylic acid" group refers to a C-carboxy group in which R''
is hydrogen.
A "trihalomethyl" group refers to a --CZ.sub.3, group wherein Z is
a halogen group as defined herein.
A "trihalomethanesulfonyl" group refers to an
Z.sub.3CS(.dbd.O).sub.2-- groups with Z as defined above.
A "trihalomethanesulfonamido" group refers to a
Z.sub.3CS(.dbd.O).sub.2NR.sup.x-- group with Z as defined above and
R.sup.x being H or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "sulfinyl" group refers to a --S(.dbd.O)--R'' group, with R''
being (C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "sulfonyl" group refers to a --S(.dbd.O).sub.2R'' group with R''
being (C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "S-sulfonamido" group refers to a
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2NR.sup.XR.sup.Y, with R.sup.X and R.sup.Y
independently being H or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "N-Sulfonamido" group refers to a R''S(.dbd.O).sub.2NR.sub.x--
group, with R.sub.x being H or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl;
A "O-carbamyl" group refers to a --OC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.xR.sup.y group,
with R.sup.X and R.sup.Y independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "N-carbamyl" group refers to a R.sup.xOC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.y group,
with R.sup.x and R.sup.y independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "O-thiocarbamyl" group refers to a --OC(.dbd.S)NR.sup.xR.sup.y
group, with R.sup.x and R.sup.y independently being H or
(C.sup.1-6)alkyl.
A "N-thiocarbamyl" group refers to a R.sup.xOC(.dbd.S)NR.sup.y--
group, with R.sup.x and R.sup.y independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
An "amino" group refers to an --NH.sub.2 group.
A "C-amido" group refers to a --C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.xR.sup.y group,
with R.sup.x and R.sup.y independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "C-thioamido" group refers to a --C(.dbd.S)NR.sup.xR.sup.y group,
with R.sup.x and R.sup.y independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "N-amido" group refers to a R.sup.xC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.y-- group,
with R.sup.x and R.sup.y independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
An "ureido" group refers to a --NR.sup.xC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.yR.sup.y2
group, with R.sup.x, R.sup.y, and R.sup.y2 independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "guanidino" group refers to a --R.sup.xNC(.dbd.N)NR.sup.yR.sup.y2
group, with R.sup.x, R.sup.y, and R.sup.y2 independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "guanyl" group refers to a R.sup.xR.sup.yNC(.dbd.N)-- group, with
R.sup.x and R.sup.y independently being H or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "cyano" group refers to a --CN group.
A "silyl" group refers to a --Si(R'').sub.3, with R'' being
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl or phenyl.
A "phosphonyl" group refers to a P(.dbd.O)(OR.sup.x).sub.2 with
R.sup.x being (C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
A "hydrazino" group refers to a --NR.sup.xNR.sup.yR.sup.y2 group,
with R.sup.x, R.sup.y, and R.sup.y2 independently being H or
(C.sub.1-6)alkyl.
Any two adjacent R groups may combine to form an additional aryl,
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring fused to the ring
initially bearing those R groups.
It is known in the art that nitrogen atoms in heteroaryl systems
can be "participating in a heteroaryl ring double bond", and this
refers to the form of double bonds in the two tautomeric structures
which comprise five-member ring heteroaryl groups. This dictates
whether nitrogens can be substituted as well understood by chemists
in the art. The disclosure and claims of the present disclosure are
based on the known general principles of chemical bonding. It is
understood that the claims do not encompass structures known to be
unstable or not able to exist based on the literature.
Physiologically acceptable salts and prodrugs of compounds
disclosed herein are within the scope of this disclosure. The term
"pharmaceutically acceptable salt" as used herein and in the claims
is intended to include nontoxic base addition salts. Suitable salts
include those derived from organic and inorganic acids such as,
without limitation, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric
acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, tartaric
acid, lactic acid, sulfinic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric
acid, sorbic acid, aconitic acid, salicylic acid, phthalic acid,
and the like. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" as used
herein is also intended to include salts of acidic groups, such as
a carboxylate, with such counterions as ammonium, alkali metal
salts, particularly sodium or potassium, alkaline earth metal
salts, particularly calcium or magnesium, and salts with suitable
organic bases such as lower alkylamines (methylamine, ethylamine,
cyclohexylamine, and the like) or with substituted lower
alkylamines (e.g. hydroxyl-substituted alkylamines such as
diethanolamine, triethanolamine or
tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane), or with bases such as piperidine
or morpholine.
In the method of the present disclosure, the term "antiviral
effective amount" means the total amount of each active component
of the method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient
benefit, i.e., healing of acute conditions characterized by
inhibition of the HIV infection. When applied to an individual
active ingredient, administered alone, the term refers to that
ingredient alone. When applied to a combination, the term refers to
combined amounts of the active ingredients that result in the
therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially
or simultaneously. The terms "treat, treating, treatment" as used
herein and in the claims means preventing or ameliorating diseases
associated with HIV infection.
The present invention is also directed to combinations of the
compounds with one or more agents useful in the treatment of AIDS.
For example, the compounds of this invention may be effectively
administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or
post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts of the AIDS
antivirals, immunomodulators, antiinfectives, or vaccines, such as
those in the following table.
TABLE-US-00001 Drug Name Manufacturer Indication ANTIVIRALS 097
Hoechst/Bayer HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (non-nucleoside reverse
transcriptase (RT) inhibitor) Amprenavir Glaxo Wellcome HIV
infection, 141 W94 AIDS, ARC GW 141 (protease inhibitor) Abacavir
(1592U89) Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, GW 1592 AIDS, ARC (RT
inhibitor) Acemannan Carrington Labs ARC (Irving, TX) Acyclovir
Burroughs Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, in combination with
AZT AD-439 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC AD-519 Tanox
Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Adefovir dipivoxil Gilead
Sciences HIV infection AL-721 Ethigen ARC, PGL (Los Angeles, CA)
HIV positive, AIDS Alpha Interferon Glaxo Wellcome Kaposi's
sarcoma, HIV in combination w/Retrovir Ansamycin Adria Laboratories
ARC LM 427 (Dublin, OH) Erbamont (Stamford, CT) Antibody which
Advanced Biotherapy AIDS, ARC Neutralizes pH Concepts Labile alpha
aberrant (Rockville, MD) Interferon AR177 Aronex Pharm HIV
infection, AIDS, ARC Beta-fluoro-ddA Nat'l Cancer Institute
AIDS-associated diseases BMS-232623 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV
infection, (CGP-73547) Novartis AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
BMS-234475 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV infection, (CGP-61755)
Novartis AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor) CI-1012 Warner-Lambert
HIV-1 infection Cidofovir Gilead Science CMV retinitis, herpes,
papillomavirus Curdlan sulfate AJI Pharma USA HIV infection
Cytomegalovirus MedImmune CMV retinitis Immune globin Cytovene
Syntex Sight threatening Ganciclovir CMV peripheral CMV retinitis
Delaviridine Pharmacia-Upjohn HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (RT
inhibitor) Dextran Sulfate Ueno Fine Chem. AIDS, ARC, HIV Ind. Ltd.
(Osaka, positive Japan) asymptomatic ddC Hoffman-La Roche HIV
infection, AIDS, Dideoxycytidine ARC ddI Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV
infection, AIDS, Dideoxyinosine ARC; combination with AZT/d4T
DMP-450 AVID HIV infection, (Camden, NJ) AIDS, ARC (protease
inhibitor) Efavirenz Bristol Myers Squibb HIV infection, (DMP 266,
Sustiva .RTM.) AIDS, ARC (-)6-Chloro-4-(S)- (non-nucleoside RT
cyclopropylethynyl- inhibitor) 4(S)-trifluoro- methyl-1,4-dihydro-
2H-3,1-benzoxazin- 2-one, STOCRINE EL10 Elan Corp, PLC HIV
infection (Gainesville, GA) Famciclovir Smith Kline herpes zoster,
herpes simplex FTC Emory University HIV infection, AIDS, ARC
(reverse transcriptase inhibitor) GS 840 Gilead HIV infection,
AIDS, ARC (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) HBY097 Hoechst Marion
HIV infection, Roussel AIDS, ARC (non-nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitor) Hypericin VIMRx Pharm. HIV infection,
AIDS, ARC Recombinant Human Triton Biosciences AIDS, Kaposi's
Interferon Beta (Almeda, CA) sarcoma, ARC Interferon alfa-n3
Interferon Sciences ARC, AIDS Indinavir Merck HIV infection, AIDS,
ARC, asymptomatic HIV positive, also in combination with
AZT/ddI/ddC ISIS 2922 ISIS Pharmaceuticals CMV retinitis KNI-272
Nat'l Cancer Institute HIV-assoc. diseases Lamivudine, 3TC Glaxo
Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (reverse transcriptase
inhibitor); also with AZT Lobucavir Bristol-Myers Squibb CMV
infection Nelfinavir Agouron HIV infection, Pharmaceuticals AIDS,
ARC (protease inhibitor) Nevirapine Boeheringer HIV infection,
Ingleheim AIDS, ARC (RT inhibitor) Novapren Novaferon Labs, Inc.
HIV inhibitor (Akron, OH) Peptide T Peninsula Labs AIDS Octapeptide
(Belmont, CA) Sequence Trisodium Astra Pharm. CMV retinitis, HIV
Phosphonoformate Products, Inc. infection, other CMV infections
PNU-140690 Pharmacia Upjohn HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (protease
inhibitor) Probucol Vyrex HIV infection, AIDS RBC-CD4 Sheffield
Med. HIV infection, Tech (Houston, TX) AIDS, ARC Ritonavir Abbott
HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor) Saquinavir Hoffmann-
HIV infection, LaRoche AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor) Stavudine;
d4T Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS, Didehydrodeoxy- ARC
thymidine Valaciclovir Glaxo Wellcome Genital HSV & CMV
infections Virazole Viratek/ICN asymptomatic HIV Ribavirin (Costa
Mesa, CA) positive, LAS, ARC VX-478 Vertex HIV infection, AIDS, ARC
Zalcitabine Hoffmann-LaRoche HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, with AZT
Zidovudine; AZT Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, Kaposi's
sarcoma, in combination with other therapies Tenofovir disoproxil,
Gilead HIV infection, fumarate salt AIDS, (Viread .RTM.) (reverse
transcriptase inhibitor) Emtriva .RTM. Gilead HIV infection,
(Emtricitabine) AIDS, (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Combivir
.RTM. GSK HIV infection, AIDS, (reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
Abacavir succinate GSK HIV infection, (or Ziagen .RTM.) AIDS,
(reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Reyataz .RTM. Bristol-Myers
Squibb HIV infection (or atazanavir) AIDs, protease inhibitor
Fuzeon .RTM. Roche/Trimeris HIV infection (or T-20) AIDs, viral
Fusion inhibitor Lexiva .RTM. GSK/Vertex HIV infection (or
Fosamprenavir AIDs, viral protease calcium) inhibitor Maraviroc;
Pfizer HIV infection (UK 427857) AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in
development) Trizivir .RTM. GSK HIV infection AIDs, (three drug
combination) PA-457 Panacos HIV infection AIDs, (maturation
Inhibitor, in development) Sch-417690 Schering-Plough HIV infection
(vicriviroc) AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in development) TAK-652 Takeda
HIV infection AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in development) GSK 873140
GSK/ONO HIV infection ONO-4128) AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in
development) BMS-707035 Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection AIDs,
(viral integrase Inhibitor) Integrase Inhibitor Merck HIV infection
AIDs, viral integrase inhibitor in development IMMUNOMODULATORS
AS-101 Wyeth-Ayerst AIDS Bropirimine Pharmacia Upjohn Advanced AIDS
Acemannan Carrington Labs, Inc. AIDS, ARC (Irving, TX) CL246, 738
American Cyanamid AIDS, Kaposi's Lederle Labs sarcoma FP-21399 Fuki
ImmunoPharm Blocks HIV fusion with CD4+ cells Gamma Interferon
Genentech ARC, in combination w/TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
Granulocyte Genetics Institute AIDS Macrophage Colony Sandoz
Stimulating Factor Granulocyte Hoechst-Roussel AIDS Macrophage
Colony Immunex Stimulating Factor Granulocyte Schering-Plough AIDS,
Macrophage Colony combination Stimulating Factor w/AZT HIV Core
Particle Rorer Seropositive HIV Immunostimulant IL-2 Cetus AIDS, in
combination Interleukin-2 w/AZT IL-2 Hoffman-LaRoche AIDS, ARC,
HIV, in Interleukin-2 Immunex combination w/AZT IL-2 Chiron AIDS,
increase in Interleukin-2 CD4 cell counts (aldeslukin) Immune
Globulin Cutter Biological Pediatric AIDS, in Intravenous
(Berkeley, CA) combination w/AZT (human) IMREG-1 Imreg AIDS,
Kaposi's (New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL IMREG-2 Imreg AIDS,
Kaposi's (New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL Imuthiol Diethyl
Merieux Institute AIDS, ARC Dithio Carbamate Alpha-2 Schering
Plough Kaposi's sarcoma Interferon w/AZT, AIDS
Methionine- TNI Pharmaceutical AIDS, ARC Enkephalin (Chicago, IL)
MTP-PE Ciba-Geigy Corp. Kaposi's sarcoma Muramyl-Tripeptide
Granulocyte Amgen AIDS, in combination Colony Stimulating w/AZT
Factor Remune Immune Response Immunotherapeutic Corp. rCD4
Genentech AIDS, ARC Recombinant Soluble Human CD4 rCD4-IgG AIDS,
ARC hybrids Recombinant Biogen AIDS, ARC Soluble Human CD4
Interferon Hoffman-La Roche Kaposi's sarcoma Alfa 2a AIDS, ARC, in
combination w/AZT SK&F106528 Smith Kline HIV infection Soluble
T4 Thymopentin Immunobiology HIV infection Research Institute
(Annandale, NJ) Tumor Necrosis Genentech ARC, in combination
Factor; TNF w/gamma Interferon ANTI-INFECTIVES Clindamycin with
Pharmacia Upjohn PCP Primaquine Fluconazole Pfizer Cryptococcal
meningitis, candidiasis Pastille Squibb Corp. Prevention of
Nystatin Pastille oral candidiasis Ornidyl Merrell Dow PCP
Eflornithine Pentamidine LyphoMed PCP treatment Isethionate (IM
& IV) (Rosemont, IL) Trimethoprim Antibacterial
Trimethoprim/sulfa Antibacterial Piritrexim Burroughs Wellcome PCP
treatment Pentamidine Fisons Corporation PCP prophylaxis
Isethionate for Inhalation Spiramycin Rhone-Poulenc Cryptosporidial
diarrhea Intraconazole- Janssen-Pharm. Histoplasmosis; R51211
cryptococcal meningitis Trimetrexate Warner-Lambert PCP
Daunorubicin NeXstar, Sequus Kaposi's sarcoma Recombinant Human
Ortho Pharm. Corp. Severe anemia Erythropoietin assoc. with AZT
therapy Recombinant Human Serono AIDS-related Growth Hormone
wasting, cachexia Megestrol Acetate Bristol-Myers Squibb Treatment
of anorexia assoc. W/AIDS Testosterone Alza, Smith Kline
AIDS-related wasting Total Enteral Norwich Eaton Diarrhea and
Nutrition Pharmaceuticals malabsorption related to AIDS
Additionally, the compounds of the invention herein may be used in
combination with another class of agents for treating AIDS which
are called HIV entry inhibitors. Examples of such HIV entry
inhibitors are discussed in DRUGS OF THE FUTURE 1999, 24(12), pp.
1355-1362; CELL, Vol. 9, pp. 243-246, Oct. 29, 1999; and DRUG
DISCOVERY TODAY, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2000, pp. 183-194 and
Inhibitors of the entry of HIV into host cells. Meanwell, Nicholas
A.; Kadow, John F. Current Opinion in Drug Discovery &
Development (2003), 6(4), 451-461. Specifically the compounds can
be utilized in combination with other attachment inhibitors, fusion
inhibitors, and chemokine receptor antagonists aimed at either the
CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor.
It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the
compounds of this invention with AIDS antivirals, immunomodulators,
anti-infectives, HIV entry inhibitors or vaccines is not limited to
the list in the above Table but includes, in principle, any
combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for the
treatment of AIDS.
Preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments
with a compound of the present invention and an inhibitor of HIV
protease and/or a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse
transcriptase. An optional fourth component in the combination is a
nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase, such as AZT,
3TC, ddC or ddI. A preferred inhibitor of HIV protease is
Reyataz.RTM. (active ingredient Atazanavir). Typically a dose of
300 to 600 mg is administered once a day. This may be
co-administered with a low dose of Ritonavir (50 to 500 mgs).
Another preferred inhibitor of HIV protease is Kaletra.RTM..
Another useful inhibitor of HIV protease is indinavir, which is the
sulfate salt of
N-(2(R)-hydroxy-1-(S)-indanyl)-2(R)-phenylmethyl-4-(S)-hydroxy-5-(1-(4-(3-
-pyridyl-methyl)-2(S)--N'-(t-butylcarboxamido)-piperazinyl))-pentaneamide
ethanolate, and is synthesized according to U.S. Pat. No.
5,413,999. Indinavir is generally administered at a dosage of 800
mg three times a day. Other preferred protease inhibitors are
nelfinavir and ritonavir. Another preferred inhibitor of HIV
protease is saquinavir which is administered in a dosage of 600 or
1200 mg tid. Preferred non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse
transcriptase include efavirenz. The preparation of ddC, ddI and
AZT are also described in EPO 0,484,071. These combinations may
have unexpected effects on limiting the spread and degree of
infection of HIV. Preferred combinations include those with the
following (1) indinavir with efavirenz, and, optionally, AZT and/or
3TC and/or ddI and/or ddC; (2) indinavir, and any of AZT and/or ddI
and/or ddC and/or 3TC, in particular, indinavir and AZT and 3TC;
(3) stavudine and 3TC and/or zidovudine; (4) zidovudine and
lamivudine and 141W94 and 1592U89; (5) zidovudine and
lamivudine.
In such combinations the compound of the present invention and
other active agents may be administered separately or in
conjunction. In addition, the administration of one element may be
prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of
other agent(s).
Preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments
of with a compound of the present disclosure and an inhibitor of
HIV protease and/or a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse
transcriptase. An optional fourth component in the combination is a
nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase, such as AZT,
3TC, ddC or ddI. A preferred inhibitor of HIV protease is
indinavir, which is the sulfate salt of
N-(2(R)-hydroxy-1-(S)-indanyl)-2(R)-phenylmethyl-4-(S)-hydroxy-5-(1-(4-(3-
-pyridyl-methyl)-2(S)--N'-(t-butylcarboxamido)-piperazinyl))-pentaneamide
ethanolate, and is synthesized according to U.S. Pat. No.
5,413,999. Indinavir is generally administered at a dosage of 800
mg three times a day. Other preferred protease inhibitors are
nelfinavir and ritonavir. Another preferred inhibitor of HIV
protease is saquinavir which is administered in a dosage of 600 or
1200 mg tid. Preferred non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse
transcriptase include efavirenz. The preparation of ddC, ddI and
AZT are also described in EPO 0,484,071. These combinations may
have unexpected effects on limiting the spread and degree of
infection of HIV. Preferred combinations include those with the
following (1) indinavir with efavirenz, and, optionally, AZT and/or
3TC and/or ddI and/or ddC; (2) indinavir, and any of AZT and/or ddI
and/or ddC and/or 3TC, in particular, indinavir and AZT and 3TC;
(3) stavudine and 3TC and/or zidovudine; (4) zidovudine and
lamivudine and 141W94 and 1592U89; (5) zidovudine and
lamivudine.
In such combinations the compound of the present disclosure and
other active agents may be administered separately or in
conjunction. In addition, the administration of one element may be
prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of
other agent(s).
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations, most of which are conventional
abbreviations well known to those skilled in the art, are used
throughout the description of the disclosure and the examples. Some
of the abbreviations used are as follows: h=hour(s) rt=room
temperature mol=mole(s) mmol=millimole(s) g=gram(s) mg=milligram(s)
mL=milliliter(s) TFA=trifluoroacetic Acid DCE=1,2-Dichloroethane
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2=dichloromethane TPAP=tetrapropylammonium
perruthenate THF=tetrahydofuran
DEPBT=3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one
DMAP=4-dimethylaminopyridine P-EDC=polymer supported
1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide
EDC=1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide
DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide Hunig's Base=N,N-diisopropylethylamine
MCPBA=meta-chloroperbenzoic Acid azaindole=1H-pyrrolo-pyridine
4-azaindole=1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine
5-azaindole=1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine
6-azaindole=1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine
7-azaindole=1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine PMB=4-methoxybenzyl
DDQ=2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone
OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonoxy NMM=4-methylmorpholine
PIP--COPh=1-benzoylpiperazine NaHMDS=sodium hexamethyldisilazide
EDAC=1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide
TMS=trimethylsilyl DCM=dichloromethane DCE=dichloroethane
MeOH=methanol THF=tetrahydrofuran EtOAc=ethyl acetate LDA=lithium
diisopropylamide TMP--Li=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl lithium
DME=dimethoxyethane DIBALH=diisobutylaluminum hydride
HOBT=1-hydroxybenzotriazole CBZ=benzyloxycarbonyl PCC=pyridinium
chlorochromate
Chemistry
The present disclosure comprises compounds of Formula I, their
pharmaceutical formulations, and their use in patients suffering
from or susceptible to HIV infection. The compounds of Formula I
include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. General
procedures to construct compounds of Formula I and intermediates
useful for their synthesis are described in the following
Schemes.
Preparation of Compounds of Formula I
It should be noted that in many cases reactions are depicted for
only one position of an intermediate, such as the C-7 position of
indole or azaindole, for example. It is to be understood that such
reactions could be used at other positions, such as C-2, C-4, C-5
and C-6 position of indole or azaindole, of the various
intermediates. Reaction conditions and methods given in the
specific examples are broadly applicable to compounds with other
substitution and other transformations in this application.
Preparation of template A-CO--CO--Cl and A-CO--CO--OH has been
described in detail in WO-00076521, WO-00162255, WO-00204440,
WO-02062423, WO-02085301, WO-03068221 and US-2004/0063744.
Standard conditions such as reacting amine with acyl halide 1
(Scheme 1a) and carboxyl acid 4 (Scheme 1b) can be used to convert
the ketone to the desired amide products. Some general references
of these methodologies and directions for use are contained in
"Comprehensive Organic Transformation" by Richard C. Larock,
Wiley-VCH, New York, 1989, 972 (Carboxylic acids to amides), 979
(Acid halides to amides).
##STR00008##
Scheme 1a depicts a general method for forming an amide from
piperazine amidine 2 and acyl chloride 1. An appropriate base (from
catalytic to an excess amount) selected from sodium hydride,
potassium carbonate, triethylamine, DBU, pyridine, DMAP or
di-isopropyl ethyl amine was added into a solution of piperazine
amidine and acyl chloride in an appropriate solvent selected from
dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, toluene, THF, diethyl ether,
dioxane, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide or pyridine at room
temperature. Then reaction was carried out at either room
temperature or evaluated temperature up to 150.degree. C. over a
period of time (30 minutes to 16 hours) to afford amidine 3, the
structure of Formula I. Some selected references involving such
reactions include a) Indian J. Chem., Sect B 1990, 29, 1077; 2)
Chem. Sci. 1998, 53, 1216; 3) Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1992, 40, 1481; 4)
Chem. Heterocycl. Compd. 2002, 38, 539.
##STR00009##
Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 1b, a piperazine amidine 2 can be
coupled with an acid 4 using standard amide bond or peptide bond
forming coupling reagents. Many reagents for amide bond couplings
are known by an organic chemist skilled in the art and nearly all
of these are applicable for realizing coupled amide products. The
combination of EDAC and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran or BOPCl
and diisopropyl ethyl amine in chloroform have been utilized most
frequently but DEPBT, or other coupling reagents such as PyBop
could be utilized. Another useful coupling condition employs HATU
((a) J. Chem. Soc. Chem Comm. 1994, 201; (b) J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1994, 116,11580). Additionally, DEPBT
(3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one) and
N,N-diisopropylethylamine, commonly known as Hunig's base,
represents another efficient method to form the amide bond and
provide compounds of Formula I. DEPBT is either purchased from
Adrich or prepared according to the procedure described in Organic
Lett., 1999, 1, 91. Typically an inert solvent such as DMF or THF
is used but other aprotic solvents could be used.
The piperazine amidines used in Scheme 1a and Scheme 1b may be
prepared by methods described in the Schemes 2a -2d.
##STR00010##
Scheme 2a presents a general route for the preparation of
piperazine amidines 2, exemplified in this case by using N-Boc
piperazine 5 as the starting material. In a mixed solvent of water
and alcohol such as methanol and ethanol, at a temperature between
-78.degree. C. and 50.degree. with ambient temperature being
preferred, in the absence NaCN or KCN and NaHSO.sub.3, N-Boc
piperazine 5 can react with an aldehyde 6 to offer substituted
2-(piperazin-1yl)acetonitrile 7. The intermediate 7 can be oxidized
by NiO.sub.2--H.sub.2O or MnO.sub.2 in the presence of a wide range
of NH.sub.2-containing agents including NH.sub.3, alkyl amine, aryl
amine, heteroaryl amine, N,N-disubstituted hydrazine, O-substiuted
hydroxyl amine, cyano amine, sulfonamide and sulfamide, to produce
N-Boc piperazine amidines (Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 4919). The
reaction solvent could be THF, DME, dioxane, DMF, EtOH, MeOH and
water alone, or a mixture of two or three of these solvents and
temperatures would range from ambient to reflux with ambient being
the initial tmeperature evaluated. A well established deprotection
of Boc group under acidic solution could provide piperazine amidine
2. TFA and HCl are the typical acids used for this deprotection,
while the most commonly used solvents are ether and dichloromethane
or the TFA itself, but other acidic agents and solvents could be
used. Some selected references involving such reactions include 1)
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 2777; 2) Zh. Org. Khim. 1996, 32,
1010; 3) J. Fluorine Chem. 1996, 76, 177; 4) Synth. Commun. 1996,
26, 3549; 5) J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1994, 31, 841; 6) J. Org. Chem.
1964, 29, 794. The piperazine amidine 2 shown in FIG. 2a could be
prepared via Scheme 2a.
##STR00011##
##STR00012##
Scheme 2b depicts another general route that could be utilized to
prepare piperazine amidine 2, and is exemplified by using N-Boc
piperazine 5 as the starting material as well. In an aprotic (e.g.,
THF, DMF, DMSO, benzene) or protic solvent (e.g., MeOH, EtOH, PrOH,
BuOH), at temperature ranging from room temperature to 150.degree.
C., either in the absence or presence of a base such as NaH,
pyridine, Et.sub.3N, di-Pr.sub.2NEt, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3,
K.sub.2CO.sub.3, N-Boc piperazine 5 could react with methyl
arylimidate 9 to give N-Boc aryl piperazine amidine 10. The
commercially available methyl arylimidate includes methyl
benzimidate HCl from Aldrich Company and methyl picolinimidate from
Research Organics Company. The primary amidine nitrogen of the
intermediate 10 might be then transformed to a wide range of
functionalities by reacting with different electrophiles in the
presence or in the absence of catalyst at temperature from room
temperature to 150.degree. C. Preferred solvents would be aprotic
solvents such as THF, dioxane, DME, DMF and DMSO. Bases could be
selected from NaH, KH, pyridine, Et.sub.3N, di-Pr.sub.2NEt,
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaHMDS, LiHMDS, KHMDS, BuLi and
LDA. Electrophiles that could be utilized in this sequence might
include isocyanate, thioisocyanate, cyano halide, chloroformate,
bromoformate, acyl halide, carbamyl halide, sulfonyl halide,
sulfamoyl halide, alkyl halide or alkyl sulfonylate and aryl
halide. Pd, Ni or Pt agents could be utilized as catalysts. The
well precedented deprotection of amine by removal of the Boc group
under acidic conditions would provide piperazine amidine 2. TFA and
HCl are the typical acids utilized, while the most commonly used
solvents are ether and dichloromethane or the TFA itself, but other
acidic agents and solvents could be used. Some selected references
involving such reactions were cited above in the section discussing
Scheme 2a.
##STR00013##
##STR00014##
The Boc group in the intermediate 10 could be removed as previously
described above for Scheme 2a, to provide piperazine amidine 2a.
TFA and HCl are the typical solvents, while the most commonly used
solvents are ether and dichloromethane, but other acidic agents and
solvents could be used.
##STR00015##
As shown in Scheme 2d, piperazines can also react with imidate 9
directly to provide piperazine amidines 2a'. Solvents can be an
aprotic (e.g., THF, dioxane, DME, DMF, DMSO, benzene) or protic
solvent (e.g., MeOH, EtOH, PrOH, BuOH). Base may not be needed for
the reaction. When a base is required, it can be chosen from NaH,
pyridine, Et.sub.3N, di-Pr.sub.2NEt, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3,
K.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaOMe, NaOEt Na--O-tBu, and K--O-tBu. The reaction
temperature can be selected from room temperature to 150.degree.
C.
##STR00016##
Scheme 3a depicts a general process to construct compound of
Formula I from keto acyl chloride 1 and aryl piperazine methanimine
2a. An appropriate base (from catalytic to an excess amount)
selected from sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, triethylamine,
DBU, pyridine, DMAP or di-isopropyl ethyl amine could be added into
a solution of aryl piperazine methanimine 2a and keto acyl chloride
1 in an appropriate solvent selected from dichloromethane,
chloroform, benzene, toluene, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, acetone,
N,N-dimethylformamide or pyridine at room temperature. The reaction
could carried out at room temperature or up to 150.degree. C. over
a period of time (30 minutes to 16 hours) to afford the compounds
of structure 3a. Some selected references involving such reactions
include a) Indian J. Chem., Sect B 1990, 29, 1077; 2) Chem. Sci.
1998, 53, 1216; 3) Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1992, 40, 1481; 4) Chem.
Heterocycl. Compd. 2002, 38, 539. The primary amidine nitrogen of
the intermediate 3a could be functionalized to provide compounds of
Formula I by reaction with an electrophile either in the presence
or in the absence of catalyst at at temperature ranging from room
temperature to 150.degree. C. with room temperature being the
initial temperature tried. The preferred solvents would be aprotic
solvents such as THF, dioxane, DME, DMF and DMSO. Bases could be
selected from either NaH, KH, pyridine, Et.sub.3N, di-Pr.sub.2NEt,
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaHMDS, LiHMDS, KHMDS, BuLi and
LDA. The electrophile could be either an isocyanate,
thioisocyanate, cyano halide, chloroformate, bromoformate, acyl
halide, carbamyl halide, sulfonyl halide, sulfamoyl halide, alkyl
halide or alkyl sulfonylate, or aryl halide. Pd, Ni or Pt agents
could be utilized as catalysts if necessary. Some selected
references involving functionization of imine nitrogen include 1)
Tetrahedron 1969, 25, 5437; 2) Khim-Farm. Zh. 1996, 30, 29; 3)
Heterocycles 1998, 48, 249; 4) Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6367; 5)
J. Fluorine Chem. 1996, 77, 175; 6) Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36,
6101; 7) Heterocycles 1993, 36, 2059; 8) J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58,
7406; 9) Zh. Obshch. Khim. 1992, 62, 1592; 10) Arch. Pharm. 1992,
325, 273; 11) Zh. Org. Khim. 1991, 27, 117; 12) Synthesis 1988,
122; 13) Synthesis 1988, 412; 14) Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 2444; 15) J
Chem. Eng. Data. 1968, 13, 142; 15) Gazz. Chim. Ital. 1961, 91,
216.
##STR00017##
Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 3b, the aryl piperazine
methanimine 2a could be coupled with a keto acid 4 using a standard
amide bond or peptide bond forming coupling reagent. Many reagents
for amide bond couplings are known by an organic chemist skilled in
the art and nearly all of these are applicable for realizing the
coupled amide products. The combination of EDAC and triethylamine
in tetrahydrofuran or BOPCl and diisopropyl ethyl amine in
chloroform have been utilized most frequently but DEPBT, or other
coupling reagents such as PyBop could be utilized. Another useful
coupling condition employs HATU ((a) J. Chem. Soc. Chem Comm. 1994,
201; (b) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116,11580). Additionally, DEPBT
(3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one) and
N,N-diisopropylethylamine, commonly known as Hunig's base,
represents another efficient method to form the amide bond and
provide compound 3a. DEPBT is either purchased from Adrich or
prepared according to the procedure described in Organic Lett.,
1999, 1, 91. Typically an inert solvent such as DMF or THF is used
but other aprotic solvents could be used. The primary amidine
nitrogen of the intermediate 3a could be functionalized to provide
compounds of Formula I by reaction with an electronphile either in
the presence or in the absence of catalyst at temperature from room
temperature to 150.degree. C. Preferred solvents would be aprotic
solvents such as THF, dioxane, DME, DMF and DMSO. The base could be
selected from NaH, KH, pyridine, Et.sub.3N, di-Pr.sub.2NEt,
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, NaHMDS, LiHMDS, KHMDS, BuLi and
LDA. The electrophile could be an isocyanate, thioisocyanate, cyano
halide, chloroformate, bromoformate, acyl halide, carbamyl halide,
sulfonyl halide, sulfamoyl halide, alkyl halide or alkyl
sulfonylate, or aryl halide. Pd, Ni or Pt agents could be utilized
as catalysts if necessary. Some selected references involving
functionization of an imine nitrogen include 1) Tetrahedron 1969,
25, 5437; 2) Khim-Farm. Zh. 1996, 30, 29; 3) Heterocycles 1998, 48,
249; 4) Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6367; 5) J. Fluorine Chem.
1996, 77, 175; 6) Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6101; 7) Heterocycles
1993, 36, 2059; 8) J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7406; 9) Zh. Obshch.
Khim. 1992, 62, 1592; 10) Arch. Pharm. 1992, 325, 273; 11) Zh. Org.
Khim. 1991, 27, 117; 12) Synthesis 1988, 122; 13) Synthesis 1988,
412; 14) Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 2444; 15) J Chem. Eng. Data. 1968,
13, 142; 15) Gazz. Chim. Ital. 1961, 91, 216.
##STR00018##
Compounds of Formula I could also be synthesized from an aryl
piperazine acetonitrile intermediate 16 by oxidization using
NiO.sub.2--H.sub.2O or MnO.sub.2 in the presence of an
NH.sub.2-containing agent including NH.sub.3, alkyl amine, aryl
amine, heteroaryl amine, N,N-disubstituted hydrazine, O-substiuted
hydroxyl amine, cyano amine, sulfonamide, or sulfamide (Scheme 4,
Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 4919). An excess amount of
NiO.sub.2--H.sub.2O or MnO.sub.2 could be added into a solution of
compound 16 and the NH2-containing agent in solvent to afford
compound 3. THF, DME, dioxane, DMF, EtOH, MeOH and water alone, or
their mixture, can be utilized as the solvent.
##STR00019##
Aryl piperzine acetonitrile intermediate 16 could be prepared via a
reaction of a 2-keto acyl halide, such as compound 1, and
piperazine acetonitrile 17, as shown in Scheme 5. An appropriate
base (from catalytic to an excess amount) selected from sodium
hydride, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, DBU, pyridine, DMAP or
di-isopropyl ethyl amine would be added into a solution of the aryl
piperazine acetonitrile 2a and the 2-keto acyl chloride 1 in an
appropriate solvent selected from dichloromethane, chloroform,
benzene, toluene, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, acetone,
N,N-dimethylformamide or pyridine at room temperature. Then the
reaction was carried out at either room temperature or an
appropriate temperature up to 150.degree. C. over a period of time
(30 minutes to 16 hours) to afford the structure of 16. Some
selected references involving such reactions include a) Indian J.
Chem., Sect B 1990, 29, 1077; 2) Chem. Sci. 1998, 53, 1216; 3)
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1992, 40, 1481; 4) Chem. Heterocycl. Compd.
2002, 38, 539.
##STR00020##
As shown in Scheme 6, an aryl piperazine acetonitrile 17 could be
coupled with a 2-keto acid 4 using standard amide bond or peptide
bond forming coupling reagents. Many reagents for amide bond
couplings are known by an organic chemist skilled in the art and
nearly all of these are applicable for realizing coupled amide
products. The combination of EDAC and triethylamine in
tetrahydrofuran or BOPCl and diisopropyl ethyl amine in chloroform
have been utilized most frequently but DEPBT, or other coupling
reagents such as PyBop could be utilized. Another useful coupling
condition employs HATU ((a) J. Chem. Soc. Chem Comm. 1994, 201; (b)
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116,11580). Additionally, DEPBT
(3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one) and
N,N-diisopropylethylamine, commonly known as Hunig's base,
represents another efficient method to form the amide bond and
provide compound 16. DEPBT is either purchased from Adrich or
prepared according to the procedure described in Organic Lett.,
1999, 1, 91. Typically an inert solvent such as DMF or THF is used
but other aprotic solvents could be used.
##STR00021##
Aryl piperazine acetonitrile 17 could be prepared via a Strecker
reaction involving N-Boc piperazine, an aryl aldehyde and a cyanide
agent, followed by removal of Boc group-from N atom under acidic
condition as described afore. In the Strecker reaction, the cyanide
agent can be selected from TMS--CN, NaCN, KCN, Al(CN).sub.3,
Zn(CN).sub.2, CuCN, or HCN (gas or solution). The solvent could be
an aprotic (e.g., THF, DMF, DMSO, benzene) or protic solvent (e.g.,
MeOH, EtOH, PrOH, BuOH, water). Usually a protic solvent or a
co-solvent with a protic component is preferred. Some selected
references involving Strecker reactions include a) Aust. J. Chem.
1997, 50, 747; b) Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 8941; c) Can. J. Chem.
1996, 74, 88; d) J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 588; e) Synthesis 1995,
659; f) Chem. Ber. 1994, 127, 1761.
Reaction conditions and methods given in the specific examples are
broadly applicable to compounds with other substitution and to
other tranformations in this application.
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate typical syntheses of the
compounds of Formula I as described generally above. These examples
are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the disclosure
in any way. The reagents and starting materials are readily
available to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Chemistry
Typical Procedures and Characterization of Selected Examples:
Unless otherwise stated, solvents and reagents were used directly
as obtained from commercial sources, and reactions were performed
under a nitrogen atmosphere. Flash chromatography was conducted on
Silica gel 60 (0.040-0.063 particle size; EM Science supply).
.sup.1H NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker DRX-500f at 500 MHz (or
Bruker DPX-300B or Varian Gemini 300 at 300 MHz as stated). The
chemical shifts were reported in ppm on the .delta. scale relative
to .delta.TMS=0. The following internal references were used for
the residual protons in the following solvents: CDCl.sub.3
(.delta..sub.H 7.26), CD.sub.3OD (.delta..sub.H 3.30), and DMSO-d6
(.delta..sub.H 2.50). Standard acronyms were employed to describe
the multiplicity patterns: s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), q
(quartet), m (multiplet), b (broad), app (apparent). The coupling
constant (J) is in Hertz. All Liquid Chromatography (LC) data were
recorded on a Shimadzu LC-10AS liquid chromatograph using a
SPD-10AV UV--Vis detector with Mass Spectrometry (MS) data
determined using a Micromass Platform for LC in electrospray
mode.
All Liquid Chromatography (LC) data were recorded on a Shimadzu
LC-10AS liquid chromatograph using a SPD-10AV UV-Vis detector with
Mass Spectrometry (MS) data determined using a Micromass Platform
for LC in electrospray mode.
LC/MS Methods (i.e., Compound Identification)
Column A: Xterra MS C18 5 um 4.6.times.30 mm column Column B:
Phenomenex 5 u C18 4.6.times.30 mm column Column C: Xterra MS C18
4.6.times.30 mm column Column D: Phenomenex 4.6.times.50 mm C18 5
um column Column E: Xterra 4.6.times.30 mm S5 column Column F:
Phenomenex-Luna 4.6.times.50 mm S10 column Column G: Phenomenex 10
u 3.0.times.50 mm column Column H: Luna 4.6.times.50 mm column
Column I: Phenomenex 4.6.times.30 mm 10 u column Gradient: 100%
Solvent A/0% Solvent B to 0% Solvent A/100% Solvent B Gradient
time: 2 minutes Hold time 1 minute Flow rate: 5 ml/min Detector
Wavelength: 220 nm Solvent System I Solvent A: 10% MeOH/90%
H.sub.2O/0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid Solvent B: 10% H.sub.2O/90%
MeOH/0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid Solvent System II Solvent A: 5%
MeCN/95% H.sub.2O/10 mm ammonium acetate Solvent B: 95% MeCN/5%
H.sub.2O/10 mm ammonium acetate
All the LC-MS in the following sections, except which are specified
using solvent system II, were obtained by using solvent system
I.
Compounds purified by preparative HPLC were diluted in methanol
(1.2 ml) and purified using the following methods on a Shimadzu
LC-10A automated preparative HPLC system.
Preparative HPLC Method (i.e., Compound Purification)
Purification Method: Initial gradient (40% B, 60% A) ramp to final
gradient (100% B, 0% A) over 20 minutes, hold for 3 minutes (100%
B, 0% A) Solvent A: 10% MeOH/90% H.sub.2O/0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid
Solvent B: 10% H.sub.2O/90% MeOH/0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid Column:
YMC C18 S5 20.times.100 mm column Detector Wavelength: 220 nm
Typical Procedures and Characterization of Selected Examples:
Typical Procedure to Prepare Amide Derivatives from Amino-Indole
Procusors General Procedures:
Preparation of N-Boc Piperazine Amidine Intermedates:
##STR00022##
To a solution of tert-butyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (1-1.5 eq.) and
aryl imidate (1 eq.) in EtOH, was added an excess amount of
Et.sub.3N (5-20 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 17
h and then was concentrated in vacuo to provide a residue. The
residue was partitioned between NaHCO.sub.3 and EtOAc and the
organic layer was extracted with EtOAc. Then, the combined organic
layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated to the N-Boc piperazine amidine, which was used in the
further reactions without any purification.
A Specific Example
Preparation of tert-butyl
4-(imino(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
##STR00023##
To a solution of tert-butyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (25 g) and
methyl phenyl imidate HCl salt (20 g) in EtOH (500 ml), was added
an excess amount of Et.sub.3N (50 ml). The reaction mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 17 hours and then was concentrated
in vacuo to provide a residue. The residue was partitioned between
NaHCO.sub.3 (200 ml) and EtOAc (200 ml), and the organic layer was
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.200 ml). Then, the combined organic
layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated to tert-butyl
4-(imino(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate, which was used in
the further reactions without any purification.
##STR00024##
An excess of base (1-20 eq.), such as Et.sub.3N, iPr.sub.2NEt or
NaH, was added to a solution of N-Boc piperazine amidine (1 eq.) in
THF, followed by addition of electrophile (1 to 10 eq.). The
reaction was stirred for 17 hours then was quenched with saturated
aqueous NaHCO.sub.3. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc.
The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and
the filtrate concentrated to a residue, which was used in the
further reactions without purification, or purified by silica gel
column chromatography or Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC
System.
A Specific Example
Preparation of tert-butyl
4-(cyanamido(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
##STR00025##
Et.sub.3N (10 ml) was added to a solution of tert-butyl
4-(imino(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (2 g) in THF (50
ml), followed by addition of Br--CN (4 g). The reaction was stirred
for 17 hours then was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3
(50 ml) The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.50 ml).
The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and
the filtrate concentrated to a crude tert-butyl
4-(cyanamido(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate, which was used
in the further reactions without purification.
##STR00026##
Step 1: A solution of aldehyde (1 eq.) in MeOH was added into a
aqueous solution of NaHSO.sub.3 (1-5 eq.), followed by amine (1-2
eq.) in aqueous MeOH. The mixture was cooled before the addition of
cyanide (2-10 eq.) in water. After stirred for 24 hours at room
temperature, ethyl ether was added. The organic layer was
separated, washed with water, dried under MgSO.sub.4 and
concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel
column chromatography to afford aryl piperazine acetonitrile.
Step 2: An excess amount of NiO.sub.2--H.sub.2O or MnO.sub.2 (5-100
eq.) was added into a solution of aryl piperazine acetonitrile (1
eq.) and amine (5-100 eq.) in THF or DMF. The reaction mixture was
stirred for 1-5 days. The solids were then removed by filtration.
The filtrate was concentrated under vaccum to give a residure which
was purified by silica gel column chromatography or Shimadzu
automated preparative HPLC System.
A Specific Example
Preparation of tert-butyl
4-(cyanamido(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
##STR00027##
Step 1: A solution of aldehyde (570 mg) in MeOH (10 ml) was added
into a aqueous solution of NaHSO.sub.3 (645 mg) in water (10 ml),
followed by amine (1 g) in aqueous MeOH (10 ml). The mixture was
cooled before the addition of cyanide (700 mg) in water. After
stirring for 24 hours at room temperature, ethyl ether (50 ml) was
added. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (20 ml),
dried under MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to give a residue, which
was purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford
tert-butyl 4-(cyano(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate.
Step 2: An excess amount of NiO.sub.2--H.sub.2O (25 g) was added
into a solution of tert-butyl
4-(cyano(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (10 g) and
cyanamine (7 g) in THF (100 ml). An additional cyanamine (25 g) and
MnO2 (100 g) was added after 24 hours, and then the reaction was
kept stirring for 5 days. The solids were removed by filtration.
The filtrate was concentrated under vaccum to give a residue which
was purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide
tert-butyl 4-(cyanamido(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate.
Characterization of N-Boc Piperazine Amidine Intermedates (Table
A):
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE A MS MS (M + H).sup.+ Observ. Compd. Method (M
+ H).sup.+ And Retention Time Number Structure Used Calcd. and NMR
Boc-01 ##STR00028## I 290.19 290.23Rf = 1.93 min(column E) Boc-02
##STR00029## II, III 315.18 315.25Rf = 2.17 min(column E) Boc-03
##STR00030## II 368.16 368.19Rf = 2.19 min(column E) Boc-04
##STR00031## II 397.16 397.22Rf = 2.32 min(column E) Boc-05
##STR00032## II 361.22 361.24Rf = 2.24 min(column E) Boc-06
##STR00033## II 375.24 375.36Rf = 2.01 min(column E) Boc-07
##STR00034## II 473.19 473.23Rf = 2.26 min(column E) Boc-08
##STR00035## II 391.20 391.25Rf = 2.10 min(column E) Boc-09
##STR00036## II 405.21 405.27Rf = 1.93 min(column E) Boc-10
##STR00037## II 433.25 433.38Rf = 2.15 min(column E) Boc-11
##STR00038## II 447.26 447.32Rf = 2.12 min(column E) Boc-12
##STR00039## II 475.28 475.36Rf = 2.21 min(column E) Boc-13
##STR00040## II 348.19 348.22Rf = 2.06 min(column E) Boc-14
##STR00041## II 304.2 304.27Rf = 1.59 min(column E) Boc-15
##STR00042## II 358.21 358.24Rf = 1.77 min(column E) Boc-16
##STR00043## I 291.18 291.28Rf = 1.62 min(column E) Boc-17
##STR00044## I 304.2 304.26Rf = 1.84 min(column E) Boc-18
##STR00045## I 304.2 304.31Rf = 1.86 min(column E) Boc-19
##STR00046## I 304.2 304.26Rf = 1.84 min(column E) Boc-20
##STR00047## I 318.22 318.30Rf = 1.97 min(column E) Boc-21
##STR00048## II 343.21 343.28Rf = 2.30 min(column E) Boc-22
##STR00049## II 316.18 316.25Rf = 1.94 min(column E) Boc-23
##STR00050## II 329.2 329.27Rf = 2.23 min(column E) Boc-24
##STR00051## III 333.23 333.30Rf = 1.86 min(column E)
Preparation of Piperazine Amidine Intermedates:
##STR00052##
Piperazine derivative (1 eq.) and aryl imidate (1 eq.) in EtOH was
stirred at room temperature for 17 hours and then was concentrated
in vacuo to provide a residue, which was used in the further
reactions without any purification.
An Specific Example
Preparation of
.RTM.-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methanimine
##STR00053##
.RTM.-Methyl piperazine (2 g) and methyl phenyl imidate HCl salt
(3.44 g) in EtOH (20 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 17
hours and then was concentrated in vacuo to provide crude
.RTM.-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methanimine, which was used
in the further reactions without any purification.
##STR00054##
N-Boc piperazine amidine derivative was dissolved in an acidic
solution of TFA or HCl in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, ether, dioxane or
alcohol. After 0.5 to 17 hours, the solution was concentrated under
vaccum to give an salt residue, which was used in the next step
without purification. Or, salt precipitated out from solution,
which was washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, ether, dioxane or alcohol
before further use.
An Specific Example
Preparation of (phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methylene)cyanamide
hydrochloride
##STR00055##
tert-Butyl 4-(cyanamido(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.5
g) was dissolved in 16 ml of 2M HCl in dioxane. After four hours,
the solution was diluted with dioxane (20 ml) and the solid,
(phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methylene)cyanamide hydrochloride (1 g), was
collected via filtration. It was washed with ether before further
use.
Characterization of Piperazine Amidine Intermedates (Table B):
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE B MS (M + H).sup.+ MS Observ. And Compd.
Method (M + H).sup.+ Retention Time and Number Structure Used
Calcd. NMR FP-01 ##STR00056## 2 190.13 190.21Rf = 0.25 min(column
E) FP-02 ##STR00057## 1 204.15 204.21Rf = 0.28 min(column E) FP-03
##STR00058## 1, 2 204.15 204.21Rf = 0.32 min(column E) FP-04
##STR00059## 2 215.13 215.20Rf = 0.41 min(column E) FP-05
##STR00060## 2 268.11 268.19Rf = 0.36 min(column E) FP-06
##STR00061## 2 297.14 297.27Rf = 0.59 min(column E) FP-07
##STR00062## 2 261.17 261.30Rf = 0.81 min(column E) FP-08
##STR00063## 2 319.18 319.25Rf = 1.14 min(column E) FP-09
##STR00064## 2 333.19 333.24Rf = 1.49 min(column E) FP-10
##STR00065## 2 347.01 347.26Rf = 1.49 min(column E) FP-11
##STR00066## 2 375.24 375.29Rf = 1.77 min(column E) FP-12
##STR00067## 2 204.15 204.22Rf = 0.28 min(column E) FP-13
##STR00068## 2 275.19 275.25Rf = 1.25 min(column E) FP-14
##STR00069## 2 233.14 233.22Rf = 0.32 min(column E) FP-15
##STR00070## 2 248.14 248.21Rf = 0.67 min(column E) FP-16
##STR00071## 2 218.17 218.24Rf = 0.39 min(column E) FP-17
##STR00072## 2 191.13 191.22Rf = 0.21 min(column E) FP-18
##STR00073## 1 240.13 240.24Rf = 0.32 min(column E) FP-19
##STR00074## 1 222.14 222.24Rf = 0.30 min(column E)
Preparation of the Compounds of Formula I:
##STR00075##
Et.sub.3N (1-100 eq.) was added into a solution of 2-keto acyl
chloride (1 eq.) and piperazine (1-5 eq.) in an aprotic solvent
(such as THF, DMF, dioxane, ether, acetonitrile) and reaction was
stirred at room temperature for 17 hours before quenched with
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution. The aqueous layer was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase combined and dried
over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4. Concentration in vacuo provided a crude
product, which was purified by tritaration, or recrystallization,
or silica gel column chromatography, or Shimadzu automated
preparative HPLC System.
An Specific Example
Preparation of
1-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(4-(imino(phenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-
e-1,2-dione
##STR00076##
Et.sub.3N (2 ml) was added into a solution of
2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetyl chloride (1.56 g) and
phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanimine TFA salt (1.98 g) in THF (20 ml)
and reaction was stirred at room temperature for 17 hours before
quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution (50 ml). The
aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.50 ml). The
organic phase combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4.
Concentration in vacuo provided a crude product, which was purified
by silica gel column chromatography to afford
1-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(4-(imino(phenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-
e-1,2-dione.
##STR00077##
2-Keto acid (1 eq.), piperazine (1-5 eq.),
3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (DEPBT) (1-5
eq.) and Hunig's Base (1-100 eq.) were combined in DMF. The mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 17 hours. DMF was removed via
evaporation at reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned
between ethyl acetate and 5-10% Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 aqueous solution.
The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic
phase combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4. Concentration
in vacuo provided a crude product, which was purified by
tritaration, or recrystallization, or silica gel column
chromatography, or Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System.
An Specific Example
Preparation of
((4-(2-(4-fluoro-7-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-
-2-oxoacetyl)piperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methylene)cyanamide
##STR00078##
2-(4-fluoro-7-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-ox-
oacetic acid (100 mg), (phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methylene)cyanamide
(77 mg), DEPBT (108 mg) and iPr.sub.2NEt (0.2 ml) were combined in
DMF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 17 hours before diluted with 10% Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 in water (5
ml). The aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.20 ml).
The organic layer was combined, dried over MgSO.sub.4 and
concentrated. The residue was tritarated with MeOH (5 ml) and the
resultant solid was collected by filtration to give
((4-(2-(4-fluoro-7-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-
-2-oxoacetyl)piperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methylene)cyanamide (5 mg).
##STR00079##
An excess of base (1-20 eq., such as Et.sub.3N, iPr.sub.2NEt or
NaH), was added to a solution of 2-keto acyl piperazine amidine (1
eq.) in THF, followed by addition of electrophile (1 to 10 eq.).
The reaction was stirred for 17 hours then was quenched with
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3. The aqueous phase was extracted with
EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4,
filtered, and the filtrate concentrated to a residue, which was
used in the further reactions without purification, or purified by
silica gel column chromatography or Shimadzu automated preparative
HPLC System.
An Specific Example
Preparation of
(((R)-4-(2-(4-fluoro-7-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-
-yl)-2-oxoacetyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methylene)cyanamide
##STR00080##
Et.sub.3N (0.5 ml) was added to a solution of
1-(4-fluoro-7-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-((-
R)-4-(imino(phenyl)methyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethane-1,2-dione
(100 mg) in THF (10 ml), followed by addition of Br--CN (210 mg).
The reaction was stirred for 17 hours then was quenched with
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (10 ml) The aqueous phase was
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.10 ml). The combined organic layer
was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated
to a crude tert-butyl
4-(cyanamido(phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate, which was
purified by using Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System.
##STR00081##
An excess amount of NiO.sub.2--H.sub.2O or MnO.sub.2 (5-100 eq.)
was added into a solution of 2-keto acyl piperazine acetonitrile (1
eq.) and amine (5-100 eq.) in THF or DMF. The reaction mixture was
stirred for 1-5 days. The solids were then removed by filtration.
The filtrate was concentrated under vaccum to give a residure which
was purified by silica gel column chromatography or Shimadzu
automated preparative HPLC System.
An Specific Example
Preparation of
1-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(4-(phenyl(phenylimino)methyl)piperazin-1-yl-
)ethane-1,2-dione
##STR00082##
An excess amount of MnO.sub.2 (500 mg) was added into a solution of
2-(4-(2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylacet-
onitrile (100 mg) and aniline (0.5 ml) in DMF (10 ml), and the
reaction was kept stirring for 2 days. The solids were removed by
filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under vaccum to give a
residure which was purified by using Shimadzu automated preparative
HPLC System to afford
1-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(4-(phenyl(phenylimino)methyl)piperazin-1-yl-
)ethane-1,2-dione.
##STR00083##
An excess amount of stanny or boron agents (2-10 eq.) was added
into a solution of indole or azaindole halide (1 eq.) and palladium
(1-30%) in dioxane or DMF. The reaction mixture was heated to 50 to
170.degree. C. for 1-5 days. The solids were then removed by
filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under vaccum to give a
residure which was purified by silica gel column chromatography or
Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System.
Characterization of the Compounds of Formula I (Table C):
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE C MS (M + H).sup.+ MS Observ. And Compd.
Method (M + H).sup.+ Retention Time Number Product's Structure Used
Calcd. and NMR AM-01 ##STR00084## A 379.16 379.20Rf = 1.38
min(column D) AM-02 ##STR00085## A 404.15 404.07Rf = 1.10
min(column B, solvent system II) AM-03 ##STR00086## B 447.18 See
additional experimentalprocedure section AM-04 ##STR00087## D
468.17 468.13Rf = 1.35 min(column A) AM-05 ##STR00088## D 556.17
556.21Rf = 1.16 min(column A) AM-06 ##STR00089## D 570.15 570.16Rf
= 1.15 min(column A) AM-07 ##STR00090## D 547.07 546.94Rf = 1.05
min(column C, solvent system II) AM-08 ##STR00091## D 455.19
455.18Rf = 1.38 min(column B, solvent system II) AM-09 ##STR00092##
D 457.13 457.37Rf = 1.05 min(column B, solvent system II) AM-10
##STR00093## B 472.16 472.18Rf = 2.32 min(column E, gradient time =
3 min).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD).delta..quadrature.8.79 (d,
1H, J = 10 Hz), 8.36(d, 1H, J = 10 Hz), 8.13 (ss, 1H),7.91 (s, 1H),
7.58-7.35 (m, 5H),4.09-3.52 (m, 8H) AM-11 ##STR00094## B 584.22
584.21Rf = 2.30 min(column E).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD)
.delta..quadrature.8.67 (d, 1H, J = 10 Hz), 8.20 (ss,1H), 8.16 (m,
2H),7.77 (m, 3H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 5H),6.95 (b, 1H), 4.10-3.44 (m,
8H),4.03 (s, 3H) AM-12 ##STR00095## D 375.18 375.19Rf = 1.06
min(column A) AM-13 ##STR00096## D 403.21 403.25Rf = 1.24
min(column A) AM-14 ##STR00097## D 417.23 417.29Rf = 1.26
min(column A) AM-15 ##STR00098## D 583.16 583.03Rf = 1.30
min(column A) AM-16 ##STR00099## B 498.2 498.29Rf = 1.00 min(column
B, solvent system II).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3).delta..quadrature.9.74 (ss, 1H), 8.21 (ss, 1H),
7.72(ss, 1H), 7.55-7.20 (m, 5H), 4.04(s, 3H), 4.05-3.37 (m, 8H),
2.52(s, 3H) AM-17 ##STR00100## D 482.06 482.08Rf = 1.88 min(column
F, flow rate = 4 ml/min).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD).delta..quadrature.8.19 (ss, 1H), 7.61-7.42 (m,6H), 6.92
(m, 1H), 4.09-3.41 (m,8H) AM-18 ##STR00101## A 393.17 393.16Rf =
2.34 min(column G, flow rate = 4 ml/min,gradient time = 3 min)
AM-19 ##STR00102## D 467.21 467.28Rf = 1.80 min(column E) AM-20
##STR00103## D 464.25 464.31Rf = 1.62 min(column E) AM-21
##STR00104## D 419.19 419.24Rf = 1.91 min(column E) AM-22
##STR00105## D 456.18 456.23Rf = 1.87 min(column E) AM-23
##STR00106## D 492.24 492.29Rf = 1.62 min(column E) AM-24
##STR00107## C 484.18 484.24Rf = 2.08 min(column E) AM-25
##STR00108## C 486.18 486.22Rf = 2.19 min(column E).sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, MeOD) .delta.ppm 1.20-1.52 (m, 3H),3.33-4.63 (m, 6H),
4.85-5.07 (m,1H), 7.26-7.74 (m, 5H),7.92-7.98 (ss, 1H), 8.10-8.22
(ss,1H,) 8.33-8.46 (m, 1H),8.82-8.88 (d, J = 8.24 Hz, 1H) AM-26
##STR00109## A 486.16 486.25Rf = 2.11 min(column E) AM-27
##STR00110## A 450.19 450.28Rf = 1.99 min(column E) AM-28
##STR00111## A 422.14 422.21Rf = 2.08 min(column E).sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.ppm 3.39-3.72 (m, 5H),3.87-4.07 (m, 3H),
6.70-6.90 (m,2H), 7.29-7.57 (m, 5H),7.84-7.92 (d, J = 9.16 Hz,
1H),10.34 (s, 1H) AM-29 ##STR00112## A 440.15 440.20Rf = 1.79
min(column E) AM-30 ##STR00113## A 422.14 422.20Rf = 2.04
min(column E).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.ppm 3.37-3.52
(m, 3H),3.65-4.08 (m, 5H), 6.80-6.91 (m,2H), 7.29-7.55 (m,
5H),7.92-7.98 (d, J = 7.63 Hz, 1H),10.37 (s, 1H) AM-31 ##STR00114##
A 440.15 440.22Rf = 2.08 min(column E) AM-32 ##STR00115## A 422.16
422.23Rf = 1.69 min(column E) AM-33 ##STR00116## B 461.18 461.22Rf
= 1.90 min(column E) AM-34 ##STR00117## B 459.19 459.20Rf = 1.80
min(column E) AM-35 ##STR00118## C 437.16 459.20Rf = 1.80
min(column E) AM-36 ##STR00119## C 464.21 464.27Rf = 1.95
min(column E) AM-37 ##STR00120## C 549.26 549.31Rf = 2.24
min(column E) AM-38 ##STR00121## C 480.17 480.22Rf = 1.93
min(column E) AM-39 ##STR00122## C 508.2 508.24Rf = 1.97 min(column
E) AM-40 ##STR00123## C 522.22 522.26Rf = 1.99 min(column E) AM-41
##STR00124## C 665.27 665.36Rf = 2.38 min(column E) AM-42
##STR00125## C 536.23 538.28Rf = 2.02 min(column E) AM-43
##STR00126## C 693.3 693.38Rf = 2.34 min(column E) AM-44
##STR00127## C 563.25 564.31Rf = 2.29 min(column E) AM-45
##STR00128## C 749.37 749.46Rf = 2.46 min(column E) AM-46
##STR00129## C 498.19 498.24Rf = 2.12 min(column E) AM-47
##STR00130## C 562.16 562.21Rf = 2.10 min(column E) AM-48
##STR00131## C 745.16 745.24Rf = 2.26 min(column E) AM-49
##STR00132## C 542.2 542.25Rf = 2.02 min(column E) AM-50
##STR00133## C 624.28 624.34Rf = 2.39 min(column E) AM-51
##STR00134## C 521.23 521.28Rf = 2.13 min(column E) AM-52
##STR00135## C 447.18 447.24Rf = 1.95 min(column E) AM-53
##STR00136## B 512.22 512.29Rf = 1.95 min(column E).sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CD.sub.3OD).delta..quadrature.9.18 (ss, 1H), 8.31 (ss,
1H),7.83 (ss, 1H), 7.66-7.43 (m, 5H),4.00 (s, 3H), 4.10-3.34 (m,
8H),2.90 (q, 2H), J = 10 Hz), 1.39 (t,3H, J = 10 Hz) AM-56
##STR00137## D 501.22 501.05Rf = 1.66 min(column F, flow rate = 4
ml/min) AM-58 ##STR00138## D 532.26 532.38Rf = 1.31 min(column H,
flow rate = 4 ml/min) AM-59 ##STR00139## D 475.20 475.31Rf = 1.47
min(column H, flow rate = 4 ml/min) AM-60 ##STR00140## D 535.22
535.18Rf = 1.42 min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min) AM-61
##STR00141## D 515.23 515.19Rf = 1.62 min(column F, flow rate = 4
ml/min) AM-62 ##STR00142## D 503.23 503.18Rf = 1.65 min(column H,
flow rate = 4 ml/min) AM-63 ##STR00143## D 529.25 529.37Rf = 1.70
min(column E, flow rate = 4 ml/min).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD)
.delta.ppm 1.48-1.60 (m, 4H),1.70-1.92 (m, 6H), 3.33-3.80 (m,5H),
3.89-4.08 (m, 4H),7.53-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.99 (s, 1H),8.16-8.20 (ss,
1H), 8.43 (dd,J = 12.82, 1.83 Hz, 1H), 8.89(d, J = 10.07 Hz, 1H)
AM-64 ##STR00144## D 489.22 489.35Rf = 1.55 min(column F, flow rate
= 4 ml/min).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) .delta.ppm 1.21-1.25 (m,
6H),3.34-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.62-4.06 (m,6H), 7.54-7.77 (m, 5H),7.99
(ss, 1H) 8.15-8.19 (ss, 1H)8.42 (d, J = 12.82 Hz, 1H)8.88 (d,J =
9.46 Hz, 1H) AM-65 ##STR00145## B 486.18 486.19Rf = 2.13 min(column
E) AM-66 ##STR00146## B 500.20 500.22Rf = 2.23 min(column E).sup.1H
NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.ppm 0.58-1.10 (m, 3H),1.33-1.84
(m, 2H),2.95-4.08 (m, 5H),4.41-4.98 (m,2H), 7.16-7.60 (m, 5H), 7.92
(s,1H), 8.07-8.10 (ss, 1H),8.29-8.43 (m, 1H), 8.71 (d,J = 5.80 Hz,
1H), 11.84 (s, 1H) AM-67 ##STR00147## B 554.17 554.05Rf = 1.77
min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min).sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD)
.delta.ppm 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H),3.24-4.16 (m, 8H), 7.35-7.53
(m,5H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.15 (ss,1H), 8.39 (d, J = 5.49 Hz,
1H),8.85 (d, J = 3.29 Hz, 1H) AM-68 ##STR00148## B 525.15 525.04Rf
= 1.69 min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min) AM-69 ##STR00149## B
461.18 461.11Rf = 1.51 min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min).sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, MeOD) .delta.ppm 2.80-2.82 (ss, 3H),3.51-3.77 (m,
3H), 3.79-4.06 (m,5H), 7.46-7.71 (m, 5H), 7.98 (d,J = 1.83 Hz, 1H),
8.09-8.20 (m,1H), 8.44 (d, J = 6.59 Hz, 1H),8.87 (d, J = 4.76 Hz,
1H) AM-70 ##STR00150## B 487.22 487.08Rf = 1.89 min(column
I).sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) .delta.ppm 2.51-2.52 (ss,
3H),2.81-2.83 (ss, 3H), 3.52-3.61 (m,3H), 3.78-3.98 (m, 4H), 4.02
(s,3H), 4.03-4.08 (m, 1H),7.51-7.78 (m, 6H), 8.22-8.26 (ss,1H),
9.15-9.16 (ss, 1H) AM-71 ##STR00151## B 484.21 483.98Rf = 1.46
min(column E) AM-72 ##STR00152## B 484.21 483.97Rf = 1.44
min(column E) AM-73 ##STR00153## A 457.07 457.09Rf = 2.02
min(column I) AM-76 ##STR00154## A 496.08 496.09Rf = 2.32
min(column I) AM-77 ##STR00155## E 462.14 462.09Rf = 1.20
min(column I) AM-78 ##STR00156## E 501.15 501.12Rf = 1.45
min(column I) AM-79 ##STR00157## E 495.19 494.88Rf = 1.75
min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min) AM-80 ##STR00158## E 550.17
550.13Rf = 2.24 min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min) AM-54
##STR00159## B 448.16 448.23Rf = 1.91 min(column F, flow rate = 4
ml/min,gradient time = 4 min). AM-55 ##STR00160## B 474.20 474.10Rf
= 1.80 min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min,gradient time = 4 min).
AM-81 ##STR00161## C 473.16 473.07Rf = 2.52 min(column F, flow rate
= 4 ml/min,gradient time = 4 min). AM-82 ##STR00162## C 499.19
499.08Rf = 2.37 min(column F, flow rate = 4 ml/min,gradient time =
4 min).
AM-54: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 9.86 (m, 1 H),
9.61 (m, 1 H), 9.03 (m, 1 H), 8.82 (m, 1 H), 8.46 (br s, 1 H), 8.34
(m, 1 H), 8.20-8.10 (m, 2 H), 7.86 (m, 1 H), 7.74 (m, 1 H),
3.98-3.44 (m, 8 H). AM-55: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6):
.delta. 9.84 (m, 1 H), 9.58 (m, 1 H), 9.26 (m, 1 H), 8.82 (m, 1 H),
8.30 (m, 1 H), 8.15 (m, 1 H), 7.95-7.85 (m, 2 H), 7.74 (m, 1 H),
4.01 (s, 3 H), 3.98-3.42 (m, 8 H), 2.49 (s,3H). AM-81: .sup.1H NMR
(500 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 9.02 (m, 1H), 8.76 (m, 1 H), 8.42
(m, 1 H), 8.32 (m, 1 H), 8.13-8.03 (m, 2 H), 7.73-7.57 (m, 2 H),
4.02-3.87 (m, 2 H), 3.67 (m, 2 H), 3.45 (m, 2 H), 3.28 (m, 2 H).
AM-82: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 9.23 (m, 1 H),
8.76 (m, 1 H), 8.27 (m, 1 H), 8.08 (m, 1 H), 7.90 (m, 1 H), 7.72
(m, 1 H), 7.62 (m, 1 H), 4.00 (s, 3 H), 3.86 (m, 2 H), 3.64 (m, 2
H), 3.42 (m, 2 H), 3.28 (m, 2 H), 2.49 (s, 3 H). Additional
Experimental Procedures:
##STR00163## Preparation of N-cyanophenylimidate 2.
A mixture of methyl phenylimidate hydrochloride (7.74 g, 45.1 mmol)
and cyanamide (2.66 g, 63.3 mmol) in H.sub.2O (5 mL) was cooled to
0.degree. C. and Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4 (4.60 g, 32.4 mmol) was added.
The mixture was allowed to stir 4 h and the liquid decanted from
precipitated solids. The remaining solids were partitioned between
H.sub.2O/Et.sub.2O and the layers separated. The aqueous phase was
extraced once more with Et.sub.2O and the organic layers combined
with the decanted liquid. The combined organic phases were washed
(H.sub.2O, brine) and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The solvents were
removed in vacuo and the residual yellow oil was used without
further purification. .sup.1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
8.06-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.53 (m, 2 H), 4.05 (s,
3H). LCMS (m/e) 161 (M.sup.++H). IR (neat) .nu..sub.max=2194.7
cm.sup.-1.
Preparation of N-cyanoimidate 3.
A mixture of Nbocpiperazine (1.73 g, 9.27 mmol) and N-cyanoimidate
2 (1.55 g, 9.69 mmol) was stirred at rt in MeOH (16 mL) for 4.5 h.
The suspension was filtered giving a colorless solid (1.94 g, 64%)
which was used as is for subsequent steps.
.sup.1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.51-7.53 (m, 3H),
7.31-7.35 (m, 2H), 3.87 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 2H),
3.38 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H). HPLC
t.sub.r=1.59 min (Primesphere C-18 HC 4.6.times.30, 5 mM
NH.sub.4OAc, CH.sub.3CN/H.sub.2O). To the imidate 3 (1.00 g, 3.19
mmol) was added HCl (6.0 mL, 4 M in dioxane) at 0.degree. C. After
5 min at 0.degree. C. the ice bath was removed and and the solution
allowed to stir at rt for 4 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to
give a fluffy white solid (785 mg, 98%). .sup.1HNMR (400 MHz, MeOD)
.delta. 7.26 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.13 (m, 2H) 3.83 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H),
3.27 (m, br, 2H), 3.07 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95-2.90 (m, 4H). LCMS
(m/z) 215 (M.sup.++H).
##STR00164## Preparation of Cyanoimidate 5.
To a suspension of acid chloride 4 (50.4 mg, 0.223 mmol), and amine
hydrochloride (54.2 mg, 0.216 mmol) in CH.sub.3CN (5 mL) was added
iPrNEt.sub.2 (0.10 mL, 0.574 mmol) and the mixture allowed to stir
overnight at rt. The mixture was filtered to remove excess starting
amine hydrochloride and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residue
was purified by preparative HPLC giving 5 as a yellow wax (12.8 mg,
15%).
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 9.80 (s, 1H), 7.95 (dd,
J=11.8, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.30 (m, 2H),
7.20-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.99-6.94 (m, 1H), 4.05 (dd app t, J=5.3, 4.8
Hz, 1H), 3.97 (dd app t, J=5.3, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (dd app t, J=5.3,
4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.45 (m, 2H), (dd app t,
J=5.3, 4.8 Hz, 1H). LCMS: m/e 404 (M+H).sup.+.
Preparation of Cyanoimidate 7:
To a solution of 4,7-dimethoxy-6-azaindoleoxoacetic acid hydrate
(6), (48.0 mg, 0.179 mmol) and iPr.sub.2NEt (0.07 mL, 0.402 mmol)
in CHCl.sub.3 (4 mL) was added BOPCl (45.6 mg, 0.179 mmol). The
mixture was allowed to stir at rt for 6 h and the solvent was
removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between H.sub.2O and
EtOAc and the layers separated. The aqueous phase was extracted
twice more with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were washed
(H.sub.2O, brine) and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The solvent was
removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC
to give 7 as a colorless solid (14.6 mg, 18%). The .sup.1H NMR
showed a 1:1 mixture of rotamers. .sup.1HNMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 8.16, 8.13 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.58 (m,
2H), 7.55-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 3H), 3.98, 3.96 (s, 3H),
3.96-3.93 (m, br, 2H) 3.83, 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.75 (m, br, 2H),
3.63-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.22
(m, 1H).
LCMS: m/e 447 (M+H).sup.+.
Biology
".mu.M" means micromolar; "mL" means milliliter; ".mu.l" means
microliter; "mg" means milligram;
The materials and experimental procedures used to obtain the
results reported in Tables 1-2 are described below.
Cells
Virus production--Human embryonic Kidney cell line, 293T, was
propagated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Invitrogen,
Carlsbad, Calif.) containing 10% fetal Bovine serum (FBS, Sigma,
St. Louis, Mo.). Virus infection--Human epithelial cell line, HeLa,
expressing the HIV-1 receptor CD4 was propagated in Dulbecco's
Modified Eagle Medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) containing 10%
fetal Bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, St. Louis , Mo.) and supplemented
with 0.2 mg/mL Geneticin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.).
Virus-Single-round infectious reporter virus was produced by
co-transfecting human embryonic Kidney 293 cells with an HIV-1
envelope DNA expression vector and a proviral cDNA containing an
envelope deletion mutation and the luciferase reporter gene
inserted in place of HIV-1 nef sequences (Chen et al, Ref. 41).
Transfections were performed using lipofectAMINE PLUS reagent as
described by the manufacturer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.).
Experiment 1. HeLa CD4 cells were plated in 96 well plates at a
cell density of 1.times.10.sup.4 cells per well in 100 .mu.l
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium containing 10% fetal Bovine serum
and incubated overnight. 2. Compound was added in a 2 .mu.l
dimethylsulfoxide solution, so that the final assay concentration
would be .ltoreq.10 .mu.M. 3. 100 .mu.l of single-round infectious
reporter virus in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium was then added
to the plated cells and compound at an approximate multiplicity of
infection (MOI) of 0.01, resulting in a final volume of 200 .mu.l
per well. 4. Virally-infected cells were incubated at 37 degrees
Celsius, in a CO.sub.2 incubator, and harvested 72 h after
infection. 5. Viral infection was monitored by measuring luciferase
expression from viral DNA in the infected cells using a luciferase
reporter gene assay kit, as described by the manufacturer (Roche
Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, Ind.). Infected cell
supernatants were removed and 50 .mu.l of lysis buffer was added
per well. After 15 minutes, 50 .mu.l of freshly-reconstituted
luciferase assay reagent was added per well. Luciferase activity
was then quantified by measuring luminescence using a Wallac
microbeta scintillation counter. 6. The percent inhibition for each
compound was calculated by quantifying the level of luciferase
expression in cells infected in the presence of each compound as a
percentage of that observed for cells infected in the absence of
compound and subtracting such a determined value from 100. 7. An
EC.sub.50 provides a method for comparing the antiviral potency of
the compounds of this disclosure. The effective concentration for
fifty percent inhibition (EC.sub.50) was calculated with the
Microsoft Excel Xlfit curve fitting software. For each compound,
curves were generated from percent inhibition calculated at 10
different concentrations by using a four paramenter logistic model
(model 205). The EC.sub.50 data for the compounds is shown in Table
2. Table 1 is the key for the data in Table 2. Results
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 1 Biological Data Key for EC.sub.50s Compounds
with EC.sub.50s > 0.5 .mu.M Compounds with EC.sub.50 <0.5
.mu.M Group B Group A
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 2 Compd. EC.sub.50 Number Structure Group from
Table 1 AM-01 ##STR00165## A AM-02 ##STR00166## A AM-03
##STR00167## A AM-04 ##STR00168## A AM-05 ##STR00169## A AM-06
##STR00170## A AM-07 ##STR00171## A AM-08 ##STR00172## A AM-09
##STR00173## A AM-10 ##STR00174## A AM-11 ##STR00175## A AM-12
##STR00176## B AM-13 ##STR00177## B AM-14 ##STR00178## B AM-16
##STR00179## A AM-17 ##STR00180## A AM-18 ##STR00181## B AM-19
##STR00182## B AM-20 ##STR00183## B AM-21 ##STR00184## B AM-22
##STR00185## B AM-23 ##STR00186## B AM-24 ##STR00187## A AM-25
##STR00188## A AM-26 ##STR00189## B AM-28 ##STR00190## A AM-30
##STR00191## A AM-33 ##STR00192## A AM-34 ##STR00193## A AM-36
##STR00194## B AM-50 ##STR00195## B AM-53 ##STR00196## A AM-56
##STR00197## A AM-58 ##STR00198## A AM-59 ##STR00199## A AM-60
##STR00200## A AM-61 ##STR00201## A AM-62 ##STR00202## A AM-63
##STR00203## A AM-64 ##STR00204## A AM-65 ##STR00205## A AM-66
##STR00206## A AM-67 ##STR00207## A AM-68 ##STR00208## A AM-69
##STR00209## A AM-70 ##STR00210## A AM-71 ##STR00211## A AM-72
##STR00212## A AM-73 ##STR00213## A AM-76 ##STR00214## A AM-77
##STR00215## A AM-78 ##STR00216## A AM-79 ##STR00217## A AM-80
##STR00218## A AM-54 ##STR00219## A AM-55 ##STR00220## A AM-81
##STR00221## A AM-82 ##STR00222## A
The compounds of the present disclosure may be administered orally,
parenterally (including subcutaneous injections, intravenous,
intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), by
inhalation spray, or rectally, in dosage unit formulations
containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers, adjuvants and diluents.
Thus, in accordance with the present disclosure, there is further
provided a method of treating and a pharmaceutical composition for
treating viral infections such as HIV infection and AIDS. The
treatment involves administering to a patient in need of such
treatment a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical
carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the
present disclosure.
The pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of orally
administrable suspensions or tablets; nasal sprays, sterile
injectable preparations, for example, as sterile injectable aqueous
or oleagenous suspensions or suppositories.
When administered orally as a suspension, these compositions are
prepared according to techniques well known in the art of
pharmaceutical formulation and may contain microcrystalline
cellulose for imparting bulk, alginic acid or sodium alginate as a
suspending agent, methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer, and
sweetners/flavoring agents known in the art. As immediate release
tablets, these compositions may contain microcrystalline cellulose,
dicalcium phosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and lactose and/or
other excipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents, and
lubricants known in the art.
The injectable solutions or suspensions may be formulated according
to known art, using suitable non-toxic, parenterally acceptable
diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water,
Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution, or suitable
dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, such as sterile,
bland, fixed oils, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and
fatty acids, including oleic acid.
The compounds of this disclosure can be administered orally to
humans in a dosage range of 1 to 100 mg/kg body weight in divided
doses. One preferred dosage range is 1 to 10 mg/kg body weight
orally in divided doses. Another preferred dosage range is 1 to 20
mg/kg body weight in divided doses. It will be understood, however,
that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any
particular patient may be varied and will depend upon a variety of
factors including the activity of the specific compound employed,
the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the
age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of
administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity
of the particular condition, and the host undergoing therapy.
* * * * *