U.S. patent number 6,541,888 [Application Number 09/766,080] was granted by the patent office on 2003-04-01 for winding body for receiving a winding for an electromagnetomechanical converter and electromagnetomechanical converter.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mannesmann Sachs AG. Invention is credited to Jens Baumeister, Edmund Grau, Horst Oppitz, Marcus van Heyden.
United States Patent |
6,541,888 |
van Heyden , et al. |
April 1, 2003 |
Winding body for receiving a winding for an
electromagnetomechanical converter and electromagnetomechanical
converter
Abstract
A winding body has a winding area (31) for a winding (13), which
winding area (31) is formed by a winding carrier (32) and two legs
(34, 35) which define the winding area (31) in axial direction (L)
and are connected with the winding carrier (32). The winding
carrier (32) has a locking device (40) for locking the winding body
(30) at a winding tooth (24). Further, a temperature sensor (50)
for measuring the temperature in a coil (25) can be provided in the
winding body (30). The winding body (30) has a receiving area (36)
for a connection device (70) for the windings (13), wherein the
receiving area (36) is formed by one of the legs (35), an
elongation area (33) of the winding carrier (32) extending beyond
this leg (35), and a fixing leg (60) at a distance from the leg
(35).
Inventors: |
van Heyden; Marcus
(Schweinfurt, DE), Oppitz; Horst (Dittelbrunn,
DE), Baumeister; Jens (Schweinfurt, DE),
Grau; Edmund (Poppenhausen, DE) |
Assignee: |
Mannesmann Sachs AG
(Schweinfurt, DE)
|
Family
ID: |
7628255 |
Appl.
No.: |
09/766,080 |
Filed: |
January 19, 2001 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jan 21, 2000 [DE] |
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100 02 485 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
310/214; 310/103;
310/179; 310/194; 310/256; 310/52; 310/71 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02K
3/522 (20130101); H02K 11/25 (20160101); H02K
2203/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H02K
3/52 (20060101); H02K 3/46 (20060101); H02K
11/00 (20060101); H02K 001/00 (); H02K
015/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;310/214 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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87 864 |
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Nov 1972 |
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DE |
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41 42 180 |
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Jul 1993 |
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DE |
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299 08 718 |
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Sep 1999 |
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DE |
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863 601 |
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Sep 1998 |
|
EP |
|
63-16419 |
|
Feb 1988 |
|
JP |
|
4-17541 |
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Jan 1992 |
|
JP |
|
Other References
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 1996, No. 12, Publication No.
08223843. .
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 1999, No. 4, Publication No.
11018331..
|
Primary Examiner: Ramirez; Nestor
Assistant Examiner: Mohandesi; I A
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cohen, Pontani, Lieberman &
Pavane
Claims
We claim:
1. Winding body for receiving a winding for an
electromagnetomechanical converter with a winding area for the
winding, which winding area is formed by a winding carrier and two
legs which define the winding area in axial direction and are
connected with the winding carrier, said winding body being
injection molded plastic and further comprising a temperature
sensor molded in the winding body for measuring the temperature in
a winding.
2. Winding body for receiving a winding for an
electromagnetomechanical converter with a winding area for the
winding, which winding area is formed by a winding carrier and two
legs which define the winding area in axial direction and are
connected with the winding carrier, said winding carrier having an
extension extending axially beyond one of said legs, said winding
body further comprising a fixing leg connected to said extension
and axially spaced from said one of said legs to form a receiving
area for a connection device for the winding.
3. Winding carrier according to claim 2 wherein the winding carrier
has a locking device for locking the winding body at a winding
tooth.
4. Winding body according to claim 2 wherein a temperature sensor
for measuring the temperature in the coil is provided in the
winding body.
5. Winding body according to claim 1 wherein the temperature sensor
is arranged in one of the legs.
6. Winding body according to claim 5 further comprising ducts
provided in the leg for receiving contacts of the temperature
sensor.
7. Winding body according to claim 2 wherein the fixing leg has
free end with a holding element which projects into the receiving
area.
8. Electromagnetomechanical converter with a rotor and a stator,
wherein the rotor or stator has at least one lamination stack with
a yoke and a quantity of winding teeth for receiving windings,
wherein every winding is wound on two winding bodies, each said
winding body comprising a winding carrier and a pair of legs, which
define a winding area therebetween, said carrier having a locking
device for locking the winding body at a winding tooth and an
extension extending axially beyond one of said legs, said winding
body further comprising a fixing leg connected to said extension
and axially spaced from said one of said legs to form a receiving
area, said converter further comprising a connection device for
each of the windings, said connection device being retained in said
receiving area.
9. Electromagnetomechanical converter according to claim 8 wherein
the winding bodies are arranged at end sides of the winding
teeth.
10. Electromagnetomechanical converter according to claim 9 wherein
each of the winding bodies is provided with a resilient tongue
which engages a recess in each of the end sides of the winding
teeth.
11. Electromagnetomechanical converter according to claim 8 wherein
every winding is enclosed by an insulation layer.
12. Electromagnetomechanical converter according to claim 8 wherein
every winding body is arranged at the end sides of the winding
teeth in such a way that the receiving area for the connection
device is constructed radially below the winding area for the
winding viewed from the center of the yoke.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed first to a winding body for
receiving a winding for an electromagnetomechanical converter with
a winding area for the winding, which winding area is formed by a
winding carrier and two legs which define the winding area in axial
direction and are connected with the winding carrier.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
Electromagnetomechanical converters are rotating electric machines
which, with the aid of a magnetic field, either convert electrical
energy into mechanical energy according to the motor principle or
convert mechanical energy into electrical energy according to the
generator principle.
Electric machines of this kind which can be constructed, for
example, as synchronous machines or asynchronous machines have a
stationary part, referred to as the stator, and a rotating part
called the rotor. Depending on the type of construction of the
electric machine, the rotor and stator are generally formed of a
lamination stack comprising a yoke and a quantity of winding teeth.
An electric winding (coil) is arranged in the slots between these
winding teeth. When current flows through these windings, the
magnetic field of the electric machine is generated.
The windings are associated with individual strands, wherein the
windings assigned to a common strand are connected with one
another. In the case of three-phase machines, a total of m strands
are provided, wherein current is applied with a phase offset of
360/m.
The lamination stack with its electromagnetic components is
generally referred to as a magnetic circuit. For example, the
lamination stack can be constructed in one part, which means that
the yoke and the winding teeth are constructed as an individual
structural component part. In other known magnetic circuit designs,
the lamination stacks are constructed in two parts. This means that
the yoke as well as the individual winding teeth are initially
produced as separate structural component parts and are
subsequently combined to form a common lamination stack.
The use of winding bodies for producing the windings and fastening
them to the winding teeth is already known. A known winding body
developed by the present Applicant which has the features described
above is shown and described in FIG. 2.
In the case of one-part lamination stacks, two winding bodies are
clamped into a winding machine and then wound with the winding.
Particularly in electric machines with small lengths, the winding
can be removed from the winding machine after being produced and
can be placed on the respective teeth of the lamination stack.
With two-part lamination stacks, the winding bodies can first be
connected with a winding tooth and inserted into the winding
machine in this combination. Winding is then carried out with the
result that a coil is formed by the winding tooth, the two winding
bodies and the actual winding. The coil produced in this way can
subsequently be connected with the yoke. However, the winding can
also be produced in the manner described with respect to the
one-part lamination stack.
As soon as the respective winding ends have been connected in the
desired manner, the stator or rotor of the electric machine is
finished.
In connection with the production of electromagnetomechanical
converters and particularly the windings provided therefor, there
is a need to accomplish this in ever more economical fashion while
enhancing quality at the same time.
A first step in this direction was realized in general by the
introduction of winding bodies. This will be explained briefly by
an example. In one-part lamination stacks, it was formerly
necessary to place the individual windings between the slots of the
winding teeth by hand. In terms of manufacturing techniques, this
is time-consuming and very cost-intensive. Through the use of
winding teeth, it is now possible for the winding to be wound
outside the lamination stack by machine. For one, this reduces
costs considerably. Further, it results in qualitative advantages
because up to 15 per cent more copper can be introduced into the
slot by the mechanical winding process.
When the windings are provided for a one-part lamination stack, the
winding teeth generally have no tooth head. A tooth head of this
kind is generally formed at the free end of the winding tooth
remote of the yoke, and the tooth head has a greater width than the
actual winding tooth. The winding can be prevented from
accidentally slipping off the winding tooth by means of the tooth
head which, among other things, takes on electromagnetic functions.
Therefore, insofar as the winding teeth have no tooth head of this
kind, there is a risk that the winding can accidentally slip off
the winding teeth and, therefore, off the lamination stack.
Further, considerable effort has been expended in recent times to
simplify the wiring connection of the individual windings.
Formerly, in order to connect the windings it was necessary for the
respective ends of the windings forming a phase to be assembled and
wired by hand. Subsequently, the winding strands formed in this way
had to be insulated from one another and taped. This kind of
connection was felt to be very disadvantageous because, on the one
hand, it was very cumbersome and time-consuming and, on the other
hand, very cost-intensive. Further, the guiding and supporting of
strands which were formed in this way and guided to the individual
lead connections required a great deal of space.
In order to avoid these disadvantages in construction, annular
connection elements or connecting rings were developed; the
connection rings are insulated from one another and the ends of the
individual windings are fastened to them. It must be possible to
fasten these connection elements suitably in a simple, safe and,
above all, space-saving manner, which could not be satisfactorily
accomplished heretofore.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Proceeding from the prior art mentioned above, it is the object of
the present invention to provide winding bodies for a winding and
an electromagnetomechanical converter by which the changing
requirements for the construction design of the
electromagnetomechanical converter that were described above can be
taken into account. In particular, solutions are provided by which
the disadvantages and problems described above can be avoided.
First, different variants for winding bodies will be suggested for
meeting this object. The individual winding bodies according to the
respective aspects of the solution have features that are known
from the prior art, namely, from the winding bodies described in
the introductory part.
First, the winding body has a winding area for the winding, which
winding area is formed by a winding carrier and two legs which
define the winding area in axial direction and are connected with
the winding carrier. This winding area is accordingly limited on
three sides. During the winding process, the winding is placed in
this winding area. In order to prevent the winding from slipping
out of the winding area, the legs are preferably constructed in
such a way that they project over the winding carrier. In this way,
they take on the function of end plates of a kind for the winding
area against which the winding can be supported.
The various aspects of the solution have features, according to the
invention, which satisfy the changing and increasing requirements
for the winding body and electromagnetomechanical converter.
According to a first aspect of the solution of the invention, the
winding carrier has a locking device for locking the winding body
at a winding tooth. By means of this aspect of the solution, the
winding is prevented from accidentally slipping off the winding
tooth. The basic idea of this aspect of the solution is that each
winding body has a corresponding locking device by which it can be
connected with the respective winding tooth. The invention is not
limited in this regard to determined types of locking devices. It
is important only that the winding body can be held securely at the
winding tooth by means of the locking device. A non-exclusive
example for an advantageous locking device is described in greater
detail in the course of the description.
The winding can be prevented from slipping, chiefly radially
outwardly, by the locking device according to the invention. At the
same time, the winding is fixed in the slot in this way, so that no
slot cover slides or slot wedges are needed with short active
lengths. Slot inserts or wedges of this type were formerly
necessary so that windings which were wound on the winding teeth or
attached to the latter without winding bodies were prevented from
slipping out of the slots of the lamination stack. The slot wedges
are placed on the windings from the outside after winding. However,
the use of such slot wedges, particularly the fastening of the slot
wedges, is very uneconomical. An example of such slot wedges is
described in connection with FIG. 1.
According to a second aspect of the solution, a temperature sensor
for measuring the temperature in a coil is provided in the winding
body.
The basic construction of this winding body according to the
invention corresponds to that of the winding body described in the
first variant of the solution; accordingly, reference is had to the
preceding remarks with respect to its construction.
Temperature sensors are very important for electromagnetomechanical
converters because the actual temperature can be monitored in this
way. When the windings are arranged on a lamination stack forming
the stator, for instance, and the temperature in the rotor is to be
determined, this is possible only with great difficulty by a direct
route because of the rotating rotor. Therefore, the rotor
temperature must be determined by an indirect route. This is
carried out by means of corresponding temperature sensors arranged
inside the winding heads. The stator temperature can be derived
from the temperature measured in this way and the rotor temperature
can, in turn, be derived from the stator temperature.
When the electromagnetomechanical converter is used as a rotary
current machine or three-phase machine, for example, it has three
phases, wherein each phase can have, for example--but not
exclusively--six windings. With a configuration of this kind, it
may be advantageous to provide a temperature sensor in each phase,
so that a converter of this kind has a total of three temperature
sensors. However, the quantity of necessary temperature sensors is
not limited to this specific number. One to three such temperature
sensors can advantageously be provided for each converter, wherein
the quantity of temperature sensors can also vary depending on need
and specific application.
The arrangement of the temperature sensor or temperature sensors
inside the winding body, according to the invention, has a number
of advantages. Previously, it was necessary to position the
temperature sensors directly on or in the winding, for example, by
winding them in along with the winding. This was disadvantageous in
that it made the production of the winding very complicated and,
moreover, the temperature sensors could be damaged during the
winding process.
The arrangement of the temperature sensor, for example, an NTC
temperature sensor, inside the winding body protects the
temperature sensor during the winding process and, when suitably
arranged, ensures that the temperature sensor can be brought into
contact with the winding (the copper) in a defined manner during
subsequent operation. A non-exclusive example of how the
temperature sensor can be arranged inside the winding body is
explained more fully in the course of the description.
According to a third aspect of the solution, a receiving area for a
connection device for the winding is formed by one of the legs, an
extension of the winding carrier extending beyond this leg, and a
fixing leg which is provided at a distance from the leg in axial
direction and connected with the extension of the winding
carrier.
By means of a winding body according to the invention which is
constructed in the manner described above, it is possible to fasten
a connection device in a simple and space-saving manner. In terms
of basic construction, the winding body again corresponds to the
two variants mentioned above, so that reference is had to the
preceding comments in this respect. By constructing another
receiving area which is preferably formed adjacent to the winding
area, it is possible for the connection device which can be
constructed in the form of connecting rings, for example, to be
held in a simple but reliable manner. The receiving area formed in
this way accordingly has the characteristic of receiving the
connection device serving to connect the electromagnetomechanical
converter and to hold it during the wiring or connection process as
well as during subsequent operation.
Through the use of the winding body according to the invention, the
winding can initially be produced externally by machine in
accordance with the respective slot geometry that is desired and
can subsequently be fixed in a suitable manner to the
electromagnetomechanical energy converter. Fixing can mean the
construction arrangement of the windings at the winding teeth or in
the slots between the winding teeth as well as the connection
thereof.
The winding carrier can advantageously have a locking device for
locking the winding body at a winding tooth. A locking device of
this kind is advantageously provided for the second and third
aspects of the solution. Regarding their advantages, actions and
results, reference is had to the remarks concerning the first
aspect of the solution.
A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the coil can
advantageously be provided in the winding body. This feature can be
realized in the winding body according to the first and third
aspects of the solution. The advantages, actions and effects are
described with reference to the second variant of the solution.
In a further construction, the winding carrier can have an
elongation area projecting beyond at least one of the legs. An
elongation area of this kind is advantageously employed in
connection with the first and second variants of the solution. The
elongation area serves to receive the connection device. If the
connection of the individual windings is to be carried out by a
corresponding wiring of the individual winding ends in previously
known manner, the wiring strands formed in this way which are
suitably insulated and taped can be held in the elongation
area.
However, if the connection device is constructed in the form of
connecting rings or the like, the receiving area for a connection
device of this kind for the winding can preferably be constructed
in such a way that the receiving area is formed by one of the legs,
an elongation area of the winding carrier extending beyond this
leg, and a fixing leg which is provided at a distance from the leg
in axial direction and is connected with the winding carrier. With
regard to the advantages, actions and effects of this embodiment
form, reference is had to the remarks made with respect to the
third variant of the solution.
The variants of the solution according to the invention which were
described above can be combined with one another in any way. For
example, it is possible to combine any two of the above-mentioned
variants. In a particularly advantageous constructional variant, a
winding body can be provided which combines the features of all
three variants of the solution.
The locking device can advantageously have a locking plate which is
pivotable in a cutout provided in the winding carrier. The locking
plate is fixed to the winding carrier by one end. A locking
projection or lug is provided at its other end. A locking device
constructed in this manner functions according to the spring
principle, for example. In the neutral spring state, the locking
plate can be arranged in the corresponding cutout in such a way
that the locking lug projects over the winding carrier. When the
winding body is fastened to a winding tooth, the locking plate is
first pressed into the cutout in the winding carrier. In this
state, the winding body is connected with the winding tooth.
Because of the restoring forces in the locking plate, the locking
plate can pivot into its normal position as soon as the locking lug
has reached a recess in the winding tooth into which it can move. A
secure connection can be produced between the winding body and the
winding tooth by means of a locking connection of this type, so
that the winding body is reliably prevented from accidentally
slipping off the winding tooth, particularly in radial
direction.
The temperature sensor can preferably be arranged in at least one
of the legs, preferably in a cutout provided in the leg. In this
way, the temperature sensor can be arranged in the winding body in
a particularly simple manner. The winding body which is preferably
made of plastic can be produced by a suitable method such as
injection molding or the like. A corresponding cutout for the
temperature sensor can easily be provided in the winding body, for
example, in one of its legs, during manufacture. In this case, the
temperature sensor is introduced into the cutout at the start of
the winding process. The winding can then be produced, wherein the
temperature sensor is reliably protected against damage in the
cutout. Further, by means of a suitable selection of the cutout
geometry, the temperature sensor contacts the fully wound winding
in a defined manner so that the temperature in the coil can be
accurately determined and transmitted.
However, the invention is not limited to this specific example. It
is also possible, for example, to arrange the temperature sensor in
the winding body in a different manner. This can be carried out,
for instance, by casting the temperature sensor in the winding body
or the like.
One or more channels or ducts can preferably be provided in the
leg, through which the contacts of the temperature sensor can be
guided. The contacts of the temperature sensor are inserted into
and guided through these ducts which, for example, can be oriented
radially outward in the legs. In this way, the temperature sensor
can be connected in a simple manner with corresponding lines
leading to a suitable control device or evaluating device.
Naturally, it is also possible to guide the contacts of the
temperature sensor out of the winding body in another way. It is
possible, for example, to cast the contacts in the winding body
together with the temperature sensor during production of the
winding body.
The fixing leg can preferably have, at its free end, a holding
element which projects into the receiving area. In this regard, the
end located opposite from the end by which the fixing leg is
attached to the winding carrier is designated as the free end of
the fixing leg. In this case, the fixing leg can again function
according to the spring plate principle. While the connection
device is arranged inside the receiving area, the fixing leg can be
bent outward, for example, enabling a particularly simple
arrangement of the connection device inside the receiving area. Due
to the restoring forces occurring when bending the fixing leg, the
latter tends to move back into its initial position. Insofar as
this takes place, the connection device is securely held in the
receiving area by the holding element which projects into the
receiving area and which can be constructed as a lug, so that
unintentional detachment of the connection device from the
receiving area is reliably prevented.
In a further construction, at least one of the legs and/or the
fixing leg can have one or more cutouts or shaped out portions for
fixing. These cutouts or shaped out portions can serve to receive
corresponding tapes by which the individual windings or winding
heads can be securely fastened to the yoke.
The winding carrier and/or at least one of the legs can preferably
have at least one recess for holding an insulation layer. The
purpose of the insulation layer, which can be constructed as
insulating paper or the like, for example, is to insulate the
winding. This insulating material must be held during the winding
process in such a way that it does not slip, for one, and,
secondly, does not lead to tilting or the like during the winding
process. For this purpose, individual edges of the winding carrier
and/or the legs can have corresponding recesses, for example. These
recesses can be constructed in the form of a step-shaped shoulder,
for example, wherein the height of the shoulder roughly corresponds
to the thickness of the insulation layer, for example, a slot
insulation paper.
The legs and/or fixing leg can advantageously be constructed
vertical to the winding carrier. This results in a substantially
U-shaped winding area and/or receiving area. However, it is also
possible that the legs are oriented to the winding carrier at
another angle.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an
electromagnetomechanical converter is provided which has a rotor
and a stator, wherein the rotor or stator has at least one
lamination stack with a yoke and a quantity of winding teeth for
receiving windings. Every winding of the electromagnetomechanical
converter is wound on two of the above-described winding bodies
according to the invention.
In this way, it is possible that the windings are initially wound
separately on a winding machine provided exclusively for this
purpose and can subsequently be connected with the lamination
stack. This connection can be carried out in optimal manner with
respect to the requirements mentioned above, so that the windings
are fixedly connected with the lamination stack. Further, the
connection device for the individual windings can be arranged in
the electromagnetomechanical converter in a space-saving manner.
With regard to the advantages, actions, effects and manner of
operation of the converter according to the invention, reference is
had to the preceding remarks regarding the winding bodies according
to the invention in their entirety.
The electromagnetomechanical converter can have a one-part
lamination stack as well as a two-part lamination stack.
The winding bodies can advantageously be arranged at the end sides
of the winding teeth. When the lamination stack is constructed in
one part, the winding is initially produced separately and then
placed on the winding teeth. In the case of a two-part construction
of the lamination stack, the winding body can initially be arranged
at the end sides of the winding teeth. The winding is subsequently
wound directly on the winding teeth, so that a winding head is
formed which can then be connected in its entirety to the yoke of
the lamination stack in a simple manner.
A receiving device for the locking device of the winding bodies can
preferably be provided at the end sides of the winding teeth.
Depending on the construction of the locking device, this receiving
device can be constructed in various ways, so that the invention is
not limited to determined embodiment forms. When a locking plate
with corresponding locking lug is provided as locking device of the
winding bodies, the receiving device provided in the winding teeth
is preferably constructed as a recess and the locking nose can snap
into this recess. This provides a reliable and sturdy connection
between the winding body and winding tooth. In particular, such a
connection prevents the winding from accidentally sliding off the
winding tooth radially.
Every winding is preferably enclosed by an insulation layer, for
example, a slot insulation paper.
The connection device can advantageously have one or more
connecting rings, preferably three connecting rings. The connecting
rings are connection conductors which are constructed as ring
conductors and are electrically insulated with respect to one
another. The individual winding ends of the windings are connected,
e.g., soldered, with the connection conductors so that uneconomical
individual connection of the individual windings, as was described
above, is avoided.
In a further construction, every winding body can be arranged at
the end sides of the winding teeth in such a way that the receiving
area for the connection device is constructed radially below the
winding area for the winding viewed from the center of the yoke. In
this way, the connection device is not arranged in front of the
windings in axial direction. Rather, the connection device, for
example, the connecting rings, is arranged coaxial to the windings
below and/or inside the latter. The required installation space for
the electromagnetomechanical converter can be reduced in this
way.
The electromagnetomechanical converter can be a synchronous
machine, for example, and, in this case, can be a permanently
excited synchronous machine in particular.
The invention is explained more fully by embodiment examples with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description considered in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood,
however, that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of
illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the
invention, for which reference should be made to the appended
claims. It should be further understood that the drawings are not
necessarily drawn to scale and that, unless otherwise indicated,
they are merely intended to conceptually illustrate the structures
and procedures described herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example for a lamination
stack with corresponding windings as is known from the prior
art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing a winding body known from
the prior art;
FIG. 3 shows a top view of a coil with a winding body according to
the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a side view of the coil shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view from the bottom of a winding body
according to the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the winding body along
section line VI--VI from FIG. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows, first, a partial area of an electromagnetomechanical
converter 10 constructed as a permanently excited synchronous
machine. The partial area of the stator 11 shown in FIG. 1 serves
for an overview of how the individual elements are arranged in
relation to one another. This stator 11 is a variant of the
solution as is already known from the prior art. The stator 11 has
a one-part lamination stack 20 which is formed from a yoke 21 and a
quantity of winding teeth 24.
Some of the winding teeth 24, in the present example, every second
winding tooth 24, carry an electrical winding 13. In the example
according to FIG. 1, no winding bodies have been inserted, so that
the windings 13 must be manually inserted in corresponding slots 22
around the winding teeth 24. The windings 13 are associated with
individual strands, wherein the windings associated with a common
strand are connected. With a three-phase machine, the stator 11 has
three strands to which current is applied at a 120-degree phase
offset. The individual strands are formed by the ends 16 (FIG. 4)
of the windings 13 which are guided together in a corresponding
manner. The individual strands are guided to corresponding lead
connections 15. A number of temperature sensors 14 are provided in
order to measure the heat occurring in the stator during operation
of the electric machine 10.
Corresponding slot wedges 23 are provided to prevent the windings
13 from slipping out of the slots 22 unintentionally; these slot
wedges 23 are made of paper and are attached to the windings from
the outside at the conclusion of the winding process. The slot
wedges 23 form a mechanical resistance which should prevent the
windings 13 from moving outward unintentionally in radial
direction--considered from the yoke 21.
The one-part embodiment form of the lamination stack 20 shown in
FIG. 1 has the disadvantages described above in connection with the
prior art. In order to avoid these disadvantages, the winding 13
can be wound on corresponding winding bodies 30.
The winding body 30 shown in FIG. 2 has a winding area 31 for the
winding 13 which is formed by a winding carrier 32 and two legs 34,
35 which define the winding area 31 in axial direction L and are
connected with the winding carrier 32. The winding body 30 further
has an elongation area 33 which extends beyond the legs 35. This
elongation area 33 serves to receive the respective connection
devices. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, these connection
devices are the ends 16 of the windings 13 which are combined to
form strands and have been insulated and then taped. In order to
secure the taping, cutouts 37 are provided in the winding carrier
32 for this purpose. The winding body 30 is fixed to a winding
tooth, not shown, via a rigid fixing nose 90. However, the known
winding body 30 shown in FIG. 2 cannot satisfy the changing and
increasing requirements described above for winding bodies of this
type. But these requirements can be met by a winding body 39
according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6.
FIG. 3 shows a top view of a complete coil 25. It 25 comprises a
winding tooth 24, a winding 13 and two winding bodies 30 arranged
at either end side 26 of the winding tooth 24.
As will also be seen from FIG. 4 in particular, the winding tooth
24 is fastened to the yoke 21. When the lamination stack 20 is
constructed in one part, the winding tooth 24 can be connected with
the yoke 21 in one part. In a two-part construction of the
lamination stack 20, the winding teeth 24 are first produced
separately and are then connected with the yoke 21. In order to
produce the winding 13 which can initially be carried out in a
separate winding machine, the winding bodies 30 are clamped into a
corresponding holding device (not shown) in the one-part
construction of the lamination stack 20, while they can be clamped
into a corresponding holding device together with the winding tooth
24 in a two-part a construction of the lamination stack 20. The
winding 13 is subsequently wound mechanically.
In this connection, the winding 13 is arranged in the winding area
31 formed by the winding carrier 32 and the two legs 34, 35. The
legs 34, 35 define the winding area 31 in axial direction L and are
connected with the winding carrier 32 in such a way that they
project away from the latter vertically. An approximately U-shaped
winding area 31 is formed in this way.
In order to be able to determine the temperature in the coil 25
and, based on knowledge of this temperature, to determine the
temperature of the stator and subsequently also the temperature of
the rotor, a temperature sensor 50 is arranged in a cutout 52 in
the leg 34. In this way, the temperature sensor 50 is protected
during the winding process. At the same time, the temperature
sensor is connected in a defined manner with the winding 13 (the
copper) after the winding 13 is produced, so that an accurate
temperature measurement is possible. In order to be able to further
process the values measured by the temperature sensor 50 in a
control device or evaluating device, not shown, the temperature
sensor 50 has one or more contacts 51 which are connected with the
control or evaluating device via corresponding lines. In the
embodiment example shown in the drawing, these contacts 51 are
guided through corresponding ducts formed in the leg 34. However,
it is also possible for the temperature sensor 50 and contacts 51
to be molded in the leg 34 of the winding body 30 because the
latter is preferably made of plastic and can accordingly be
produced by means of an injection molding process or the like.
In order to be able to wire the winding ends 16 of the individual
windings 13 in a simple manner, a connection device 70 is provided
which is formed in the present example from three connecting rings
71, 72, 73. The individual ends 16 of the windings 13 are
connected, for example, soldered, with the respective required
connecting rings. Further, the corresponding connecting ring is
connected with a lead connection 15 shown in FIG. 1. In order to
guide the winding ends 16 away from the windings 13 in a defined
manner, suitable slots 38, in which the winding ends 16 are
inserted, are provided in the leg 30 of the winding body 35 as is
shown in FIG. 5.
To hold the connecting rings 71, 72, 73 in a space-saving yet
secure manner in spatial proximity to the windings 13, the winding
body 30 has a corresponding receiving area 36 for the connection
device 70 and connecting rings 71, 72, 73. The receiving area 36 is
formed by the leg 35 and an extension 33 of the winding carrier 32
projecting axially beyond this leg 35. Further, a fixing leg 60 is
provided at a distance from the leg 35 in axial direction L and is
connected with the winding carrier 32. The fixing leg 60 is
oriented perpendicular to the winding carrier 32, so that an
essentially U-shaped receiving area 36 is provided. In order to fix
the connecting rings 71, 72, 73 in such a way that the connecting
rings are prevented from slipping out of the receiving area 36
unintentionally, the fixing leg 60 has, at its free end 61 located
opposite to the end by which it is connected with the winding
carrier 32, a holding element 62 constructed as a lug projecting
into the receiving area 36. In this way, the connecting rings 71,
72, 73 can be introduced into the receiving area 36 in a simple
manner.
For this purpose, the fixing leg 60 is first pressed outward, so
that the receiving area 36 is enlarged. Because of the spring
principle and the restoring forces which take effect, the fixing
leg 36 tends to return to its starting position. When the
connection device 70 has been introduced into the receiving area 36
and the fixing leg 60 has been released, the latter moves back to
its starting position, so that the receiving area 36 is reduced in
such a way that the connecting rings 71, 72, 73 are closely
confined in the receiving area 36. Further, the holding element 62
projects over the outer connecting ring 73, so that a further
fixing of the connection device 70 is made possible.
A series of cutouts 37 are formed in one of the legs 34 in FIG. 3
so that the entire coil 25 and its individual components can be
fixed relative to one another and to the yoke 21.
The winding body 30 is fastened to the winding tooth 24 via a
locking device 40. This is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 4 to
6. As can be seen particularly from FIGS. 5 and 6, the locking
device 40 has a locking plate 41 formed as a resilient tongue which
is arranged inside a cutout 45 so as to pivot. The locking plate 41
is connected by one of its ends 42 directly to the winding carrier
32. At its free end 43, which is located opposite to fixed end 42,
the locking plate 41 has a locking lug 44. The locking lug 44
extends beyond the outer surface 80 of the winding carrier 32 as
can be seen particularly from FIG. 6.
In order to fasten the winding body 30 to the winding tooth 24, the
locking device 40 is brought into contact with a corresponding
receiving device constructed in the form of a recess 27 which is
provided at the end side 26 of the winding tooth 24. When the
winding body 30 is fastened to the winding tooth 24, the locking
plate 41 with the locking lug 44 bands until the locking lug 44
lies in a plane with the outer surface 80 of the winding body 30.
Because of the resilience of the locking plate 41, this locking
plate 41 returns to its starting position recess 27. The locking
lug 44 can snap into the recess 27, so that there is a secure and
fixed connection between the winding body 30 and the winding tooth
24. This prevents the winding body 30 and winding 13 from slipping
outward from the winding teeth 24 in radial direction with respect
to the yoke 21.
In the production of windings 13, it is further required that they
be enclosed by a suitable insulating layer, for example, a slot
insulating paper. This paper must be placed into the winding body
30 already at the start of the winding process and must be held by
the winding body 30 during the winding process. For this purpose,
the winding carrier 32 and/or at least one of the legs 34 or 35 can
have at least one recess 39. These recesses which are shown in
FIGS. 5 and 6 serve to hold the insulating layer. In the present
embodiment example, the recesses in the edge areas (edges) of the
winding carrier 32 and legs 34, 35 are constructed in the form of
step-like projections or shoulders. The height of the steps is
selected in such a way that they correspond approximately to the
thickness of the insulation layer. As a result of the step-like
construction of the recess 39, it is achieved, for one, that the
insulation layer can be held by the winding bodies 30 and will not
slip during the winding process. Further, the insulation layer does
not project beyond the legs 34, 35 or winding carrier 32 during the
winding process, so that tilting or the like is prevented.
Thus, while there have shown and described and pointed out
fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a
preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various
omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of
the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by
those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the
invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all
combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform
substantially the same function in substantially the same way to
achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention.
Moreover, it should be recognized that structures and/or elements
and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any
disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated
in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment
as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention,
therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the
claims appended hereto.
* * * * *