U.S. patent number 6,495,357 [Application Number 09/007,288] was granted by the patent office on 2002-12-17 for lipolytic enzymes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Novozyme A/S. Invention is credited to Kim Borch, Claus Crone Fuglsang, Torben Halkier, Steen Troels Jorgensen, Titus Kretzschmar, Jens Sigurd Okkels, Shamkant Anant Patkar, Dorte Aaby Petersen, John C. Royer, Allan Svendsen, Marianne Thellersen, Jesper Vind.
United States Patent |
6,495,357 |
Fuglsang , et al. |
December 17, 2002 |
Lipolytic enzymes
Abstract
The present invention relates to a modified enzyme with
lipolytic activity, a lipolytic enzime capable of removing a
substantial amount of fatty matter a one cycle wash, a DNA sequence
encoding said enzymes, a vector comprising said DNA sequence, a
host cell harbouring said DNA sequence or said vector, and a
process for producing said enzymes with lipolytic activity.
Inventors: |
Fuglsang; Claus Crone (Nivaa,
DK), Okkels; Jens Sigurd (Frederiksberg,
DK), Petersen; Dorte Aaby (Birkerod, DK),
Patkar; Shamkant Anant (Lyngby, DK), Thellersen;
Marianne (Frederiksberg, DK), Svendsen; Allan
(Birkeroed, DK), Borch; Kim (Copenhagen,
DK), Royer; John C. (Davis, CA), Kretzschmar;
Titus (Vaerloese, DK), Halkier; Torben
(Birkeroed, DK), Vind; Jesper (Lyngby, DK),
Jorgensen; Steen Troels (Alleroed, DK) |
Assignee: |
Novozyme A/S (Bagsvaerd,
DK)
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Family
ID: |
27582957 |
Appl.
No.: |
09/007,288 |
Filed: |
January 14, 1998 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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PCTDK9600322 |
Jul 12, 1996 |
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PCTDK9600341 |
Aug 12, 1996 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jul 14, 1995 [DK] |
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0832/95 |
Aug 11, 1995 [DK] |
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0905/95 |
Sep 13, 1995 [DK] |
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1013/95 |
Sep 29, 1995 [DK] |
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1096/95 |
Nov 21, 1995 [DK] |
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1306/95 |
Apr 1, 1996 [DK] |
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0372/96 |
Apr 1, 1996 [DK] |
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0374/96 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
435/198; 435/195;
435/196; 435/197 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D
3/38627 (20130101); C12N 9/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C11D
3/38 (20060101); C11D 3/386 (20060101); C12N
9/20 (20060101); C12N 9/18 (20060101); C12N
009/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;435/183,198,195,196,197 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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0 214 761 |
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Mar 1987 |
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EP |
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WO 92/05249 |
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Apr 1992 |
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WO |
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WO 93/01285 |
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Jan 1993 |
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WO |
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WO 94/03578 |
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Feb 1994 |
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WO |
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WO 94/14964 |
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Jul 1994 |
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WO |
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WO 94/25578 |
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Nov 1994 |
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WO |
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Other References
Lunn, C. et al., M.in Enzym., vol. 125, pp. 138-149, 1986.* .
Japanese Application including translation of Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK,
JP 6113845..
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Primary Examiner: Nashed; Nashaat T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lambiris; Elias J. Garbell; Jason
I.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application serial
nos. PCT/DK96/00322 and PCT/DK9600341 filed Jul. 12, 1996 and Aug.
12, 1996, respectively, which claim priority of U.S. application
Nos. 60/011,627, 60/011,634, 60/016,754 and 60/020,461 filed on
Feb. 14, 1996 and May 7, 1996, and Danish application nos. 0832/95,
0905/95, 1013/95, 1096/95, 1306/95, 0372/96 and 0374/96 filed on
Jul. 14, 1995, Aug. 11, 1995, September 13,1995, Sept. 29, 1995,
Nov. 21, 1995 and Apr. 1, 1996, respectively, the contents of which
are fully incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An isolated modified lipase from Humicola or an enzymatically
active mutant thereof having improved wash performance compared to
an unmodified lipase, comprising an addition of amino acid residues
at its N-tarminus and/or its C-terminus selected from the following
amino acid residue additions: A. Arg-Pro-Val-Ser-Gln-Asp (SEQ ID
NO:17), or B. Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Met (SEQ ID NO:18), or C.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Ala-Arg (SEQ ID NO:19), or D.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:20), or E.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Glu-Arg (SEQ ID NO:21), or F. Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Lys
(SEQ ID NO:22), or G. Ser-Pro-Ile-Lys-Lys (SEQ ID NO:23), or H.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:24), or I. Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg
(SEQ ID NO:25), or J. Ser-Pro-Iso-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:26), or K.
Ser-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:27), or L. Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg
(SPIR)(SEQ ID NO:28), or M. Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:29), or
N. Ser-Cys-Ile-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:30), or O.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:31), or P.
Ser-Cys-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:32), or Q.
Ser-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg-Thr (SEQ ID NO:33), or R.
Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu (SEQ ID NO:34), or S.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:35), or T.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Glu (SEQ ID NO:36), or U.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro (SEQ ID NO:37), or V.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:38), or W.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (SEQ ID NO:39), or X.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:40), or Y.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro (SEQ ID NO:41), or Z.
Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Arg-Trp (SEQ ID NO:43), or AA. Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Lys
(SEQ ID NO:44), or BB. Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:45), or CC.
Thr-Ala-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Lys (SEQ ID NO:46), or DD.
Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:47), or EE.
Gly-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:48), or FF.
Leu-Pro-Phe-Arg-Glu-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:49), or GG.
Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg-His-Asp-Ala (SEQ ID NO:50), or HH.
Ile-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:51), or II.
Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro) (SEQ ID NO:52), or JJ.
Thr-Ala-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Lys (SEQ ID NO:53), or KK
Trp-Arg-Trp-Arg-Trp-Arg (SEQ ID NO:54), or LL. Glu-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg
(SEQ ID NO:55), or MM. Ser-His-Trp-Glu-Glu (SEQ ID NO:56), or NN.
Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:57), or OO.
Ser-Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Pro-Ile-Lys-Lys (SEQ ID NO:58), or PP.
Ala-Trp-Trp-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:59), or QQ.
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:60), or
RR. Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Ser (SEQ ID NO:61),
or SS. Ser-Pro-Lys-Arg-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:62), or TT.
Ser-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys (SEQ ID NO:63), or UU.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:64), or VV.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:65), or WW.
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Lys-Ala-Trp-Trp-Pro (SEQ ID NO:66), or XX.
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Lys-Ala-Ser-Pro-Arg-Gln-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO: 67), or
YY. Ser-Pro-Ile-Agr-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg
(SEQ ID NO:68), or ZZ. Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID
NO:69), or AAA. Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Arg-Trp (SEQ ID NO:70), or
BBB. Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg (SEQ ID NO:71), or CCC.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:72), or DDD.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Arg-Trp (SEQ ID NO:73), or EEE.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg (SEQ ID NO:74), or FFF.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Trp (SEQ ID NO:75), or GGG.
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:76).
2. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said lipase
further comprises an amino acid mutation selected from one of the
following groups of amino acid mutations, wherein each number
corresponds to a position in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ
ID NO:16: a. E56R+D57L+I90F+D96L+E99K; b.
E56R+D57L+V60M+D62N+S83T+D96P+D102E; c. D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M; d.
E87K+G91A+D96R+I100V+E129K+K237M+I252L+P256T+G263A+L264Q; e.
E56R+D57G+S58F+D62C+T64R+E87G+G91A+F95L+D96P+K98I+K237M; f. E210K;
g. S83T+N94K+D96N; h. E87K+D96V; i. N94K+D96A; j. E87K+G91A+D96A;
k. D167G+E210V; l. S83T+G91A+Q249R; m. E87K+G91A; n.
S83T+E87K+G91A+N94K+D96N+D111N; o. N73D+E87K+G91A+N94I+D96G; p.
L67P+I76V+S83T+E87N+I90N+G91A+D96A+K98R; q.
S83T+E87K+G91A+N92H+N94K+D96M; r. S85P+E87K+G91A+D96L+L97V; s.
E87K+I90N+G91A+N94S+D96N+I100T; or t.
I34V+S54P+F80L+S85T+D96G+R108W+G109V+D111G+S116P+L124S+V132M+V140Q+V141A+F
142S+H145R+N162T+I166V+F181P+F183S+R205G+A243T+D254G+F162L.
3. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said lipase
further comprises an amino acid mutation selected from one of the
following groups of amino acid mutations, wherein each number
corresponds to a position in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ
ID NO:16: A. D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R; B. D57G+N94K+D96L+S116P+Q249R;
C. D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+Q249R; D. D57G+N94K+D96L+S116P+S170P+Q249R;
E. D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+S170P+Q249R: F. D57G+N94K+D96L+S170P+Q249R;
G. D167G+E210V+Q249R; H. E56K+D167G+E210V; I.
D137G+D167G+E210V+Q249R; J. D167G+E210V+W221L+Q249R: K.
D57G+N94K+F95L+D96H,L+Q249R; L. D57G+N94K+D96L+E210K; M.
D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+S116P+S170P+Q249R; N.
S3R+D137G+D167G+E210V+W221L; O. D137G+D167G+E210V+W221L+N233R; P.
S3R+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R; Q. I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+D233R; R.
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+D234Y; S. I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T231R; T.
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; U. D62R+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; V.
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+N200R+R209A; W.
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R+N200R+R209A; X.
D57G+D62R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; Y. D57G+N94K+D96L+N200R+R209A+Q249R; Z.
D67G+N94K+D96L+T199R+N200R+Q249R; AA. I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R;
BB. D57G+N94K+D96L+T199R+R209A+Q249R; CC.
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R; DD. I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+P253R; EE.
I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+D167G+V187A+Q249R; FF.
I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+V187A+Q249R; GG. D96L+E99K+V187A+249R; HH.
V2P+N94K+D96L+Q249R; II. V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; JJ.
V2R+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; KK. V2R+S3W+N94K+D96L+Q249R; LL.
V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; MM. N94K+D96L+Q249R; NN.
V2G+S3T+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; OO.
V2G+S3T+Q4P+D5E+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; PP. V2G+D5Q+L6M
+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; QQ.
D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+L97M+S116P+S170P+Q249R; RR. A49P+D167G+E210V;
SS. E56K+D57G+D62R+S83T+S85F+D96L+D102Y+E210K; TT.
D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; UU. D137G+D167G+E210V+W221L; VV.
N94K+F95L+D96H+N101S+F181L+D234Y+I252L+P256T+G263A+L264Q; WW.
90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; XX. N94K+D96A+Q249R; YY.
A19P+D167G+E210V+W221L; ZZ. N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; AAA.
D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R; BBB. I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+V187A; CCC.
N94K+D96L+E99K+Q249R; DDD. N94K+D96L+E99K+T231R+N233R+D234R+Q249R;
EEE. N94K+D96L+E99K+D111N+F211A+G225P+Q249R+T267R; FFF.
N94K+D96L+E99K+D111N+F211A+G225P+T231R+N233R+D234R+Q249R+T267R;
GGG. E1K+N94K+D96L+E99K+Q249R; HHH. N94K+D96L+K223R+Q249R; III.
N14K+D96L+E99K+N233R; JJJ. N94K+D96L+E99K+T231R+N233R+Q249R; KKK.
N94K+D96L+E99K+N233R+Q249R; or LLL. N94K+D96L+E99K+D234R+Q249R.
4. An isolated modified lipase which is derived from Humicola or an
enzymatically active mutant thereof and has improved wash
performance compared to an unmodified lipase, comprising an
addition of amino acid residues at its N-terminus and/or its
C-terminus and at least one mutation, selected from the following
groups of amino acid residue additions and mutations, wherein each
number corresponds to a position in the amino acid sequence shown
in SEQ ID NO:16: a. SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R; b.
SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+V187A; c. SPIRPRP (SEQ
ID NO:31)+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; d. SPPPRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:64)+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; e. SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; f. SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; g. SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+D137G+D167G+E21V+W221L; h. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; i. E1SRKRKRK (SEQ ID
NO:146)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; j. E1SPRIKPRIK (SEQ ID
NO:147)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; k. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+D62R+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A; l. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+N200R+R209A; m. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R+N200R+R209A; n. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+D62R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; o. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+N200R+R209A+Q249R; p. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+T199R+N200R+Q249R; q. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R; r. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+T199R+R209A+Q249R; s. El SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R; t. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+P253R; u. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+D167G+V187A+Q249R; v. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+DI 37G+VI 87A+Q249R; w. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R; x. E1SPPRPR (SEQ ID
NO:38)+V2P+N94K+D96L+Q249R; y. E1SPPWWP (SEQ ID
NO:39)+V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; z. E1SPPWRP (SEQ ID
NO:40)+V2R+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; aa. E1SPPRWP (SEQ ID
NO:41)+V2R+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; bb. E1SPPWWP (SEQ ID
NO:39)+V2R+S3W+N94K+D96L+Q249R; cc. E1SPPRWP (SEQ ID
NO:41)+V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R; dd. E1SPPRWP (SEQ ID
NO:41)+V2R+S3W+N94K+D96L+Q249R; ee. E1SPPRWP (SEQ ID
NO:41)+N94K+D96L+Q249R; ff. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+N94K+D96L+Q249R; gg. E1APPPRPRPRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:60)+V2G+S3T+D57G+N94K+D96L+97M+Q249R; hh. E1APPPRTRPRPRS (SEQ ID
NO:61)+V2G+S3T+Q4P+D5E+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; ii.
E1APPPKASPRQRP (SEQ ID
NO:67)+V2G+D5Q+L6M+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R; jj. SCI RR (SEQ ID,
NO:30)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R; kk. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+D57G+N94K+D96L+Y53C+Kl 27C+Q249R; ll. E1SPPRRPR (SEQ ID NO:
148)+V2R+S3P+N94K+D96L+Q249R; mm. E1SPPWPRP (SEQ ID
NO:76)+V2R+S3P+N94K+D96L+Q249R; nn. EISPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+N94K+D96L+E99K; oo. EISPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+N94K+D96L+E99K+Q249R; pp. E1SPPCGRRP (SEQ ID
NO:149)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R; qq. E1SPCRPRP (SEQ ID NO:
150)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R; rr. SPPCRRRP (SEQ ID
NO:151)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R; or ss. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35)+D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R.
5. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Arg-Pro-Val-Ser-Gln-Asp (SEQ ID NO:17).
6. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Met (SEQ ID NO:18).
7. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-teminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Ala-Arg (SEQ ID NO:19).
8. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:20).
9. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Glu-Arg (SEQ ID NO:21).
10. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Lys (SEQ ID NO:22).
11. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Lys-Lys (SEQ ID NO:23).
12. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:24).
13. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Po-Pro-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:25).
14. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Iso-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:26).
15. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said at its
N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises Ser-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ
ID NO:27).
16. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg
(SEQ ID NO:28).
17. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:29).
18. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Cys-lle-Arg-Arg, (SEQ ID NO:30).
19. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:31).
20. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Cys-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:32).
21. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Thr (SEQ ID NO:33).
22. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu (SEQ ID NO:34).
23. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:35).
24. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:36).
25. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro (SEQ ID NO:37).
26. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:38).
27. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (SEQ ID NO:39).
28. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:40).
29. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro (SEQ ID NO:41).
30. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Arg-Trp (SEQ ID NO:43).
31. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Lys (SEQ ID NO:44).
32. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises Ser-His-Trp-Arg
(SEQ ID NO:45).
33. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Thr-Ala-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Lys (SEQ ID NO:46).
34. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:47).
35. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Gly-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:48).
36. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its terminus comprises
Leu-Pro-Phe-Arg-Glu-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:49).
37. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg-His-Asp-Ala (SEQ ID NO:50).
38. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its tarminus comprises
Ile-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:51).
39. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Thr-Arg-Pm-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:52).
40. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Thr-Ala-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Lys (SEQ ID NO:53).
41. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Trp-Arg-Trp-Arg-Trp-Arg (SEQ ID NO:54).
42. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Glu-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:55).
43. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-His-Trp-Glu-Glu (SEQ ID NO:56).
44. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:57).
45. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Pro-Ile-Lys-Lys (SEQ ID NO:58).
46. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ala-Trp-Trp-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:59).
47. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Ser (SEQ ID NO:60).
48. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ala-Pro-Pro-Arg-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Ser (SEQ ID NO:61).
49. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Lys-Arg-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:62).
50. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys (SEQ ID NO:63).
51. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pr-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:64).
52. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO:65).
53. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Lys-Ala-Trp-Trp-Pro (SEQ ID NO:66).
54. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Lys-Ala-Ser-Pro-Arg-Gin-Pro) (SEQ ID NO: 67).
55. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID
NO:68).
56. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:69).
57. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Ile-Arg-Trp-Pro-Arg-Trp (SEQ ID NO:70).
58. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg (SEQ ID NO:71).
59. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:72).
60. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Arg-Trp (SEQ ID NO:73).
61. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg (SEQ ID NO:74).
62. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Trp (SEQ ID NO:75).
63. The isolated modified lipase of claim 1, wherein said addition
at its N-terminus and/or its C-terminus comprises
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SEQ ID NO:76).
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a modified enzyme with lipolytic
activity, a lipolytic enzyme capable of removing a substantial
amount of fatty matter during a one cycle wash, a DNA sequence
encoding said enzymes, a vector comprising said DNA sequence, a
host cell harbouring said DNA sequence or said vector, and a
process for producing said enzymes with lipolytic activity.
Further the invention relates to a method for applying a peptide
addition to a parent enzyme with lipolytic activity, a composition
comprising an enzyme with lipolytic activity of the invention, the
advantageous use of the enzyme of the invention in detergent
compositions, and further a method for improving the washing
performance of detergent compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Detergent enzymes have been marketed for more than 20 years and are
today well established as normal detergent ingredients in both
powder and liquid detergent all over the world.
Detergent compositions may comprise many different enzymes, of
which proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases, cutinases are the
most important today. In this context lipolytic enzymes serve to
remove lipid or faty stains from clothes and other textiles.
Lipolytic Enzymes
Lipolytic enzymes (i.e. enzymes classified under the Enzyme
Classification number E.C. 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases) in
accordance with the Recommendations (1992) of the International
Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)) are enzymes
which can be used for removing lipid or fatty stains from clothes
and other textiles.
Various microbial lipases have been suggested as detergent enzymes.
Examples of such lipases include a Humicola lanuginosa lipase, e.g.
described in EP 258 068 and EP 305 216, a Rhizomucor miehei lipase,
e.g. as described in EP 238 023 and Boel et al., Lipids 23,
701-706, 1988, Absidia sp. lipolytic enzymes (WO 96/13578), a
Candida lipase, such as a C. antarctica lipase, e.g. the C.
antarctica lipase A or B described in EP 214 761, a Pseudomonas
lipase such as a P. alcaligenes and P. pseudoalcaligenes lipase,
e.g. as described in EP 218 272, a P. cepacia lipase, e.g. as
described in EP 331 376, a Pseudomonas sp. lipase as disclosed in
WO95/14783, a Bacillus lipase, e.g. a B. subtilis lipase (Dartois
et al., (1993) Biochemica et Biophysica acta 1131, 253-260), a B.
stearothermophilus lipase (JP 64/744992) and a B. pumilus lipase
(WO 91/16422).
Furthermore, a number of cloned lipases have been described,
including the Penicillium camembertii lipase described by Yamaguchi
et al., (1991), Gene 103, 61-67), the Geotricum candidum lipase
(Schimada, Y. et al., (1989), J. Biochem., 106, 383-388), and
various Rhizopus lipases such as a R. delemar (R. D. Joerger and M.
J. Hass (1993), Lipids 28 p. 81-88), a R. niveus lipase (W.
Kugimiya et al. (1992), Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 5, p. 716-719),
R. javinicus (W. Uyttenbroeck et al. (1993) Biol. chem.
Hoppe-Seyler 374, p.245-254) and a R. oryzae (Haas, M. J., Allen,
J. and Berka, T. R. (1991) Gene 109, p.107-113) which has a
substantially identical sequence to the other Rhizopus lipases.
Other types of lipolytic enzymes having been suggested as detergent
enzymes include cutinases, e.g. derived from Pseudomonas mendocina
as described in WO 88/09367, or a cutinase derived from Fusarium
solani pisi (e.g. described in WO 90/09446).
In recent years attempts have been made to prepare modified
lipolytic enzymes, such as variants and mutants having improved
properties for detergent purposes.
For instance, WO 92/05249 discloses lipase variants with improved
properties, in which certain characteristics of wild-type lipase
enzymes have been changed by specific, i.e. site-directed
modifications of their amino acid sequences. More specifically,
lipase variants are described, in which one or more amino acid
residues of the so-called lipid contact zone of the parent lipase
has been modified.
WO 94/01541 describes lipase variants with improved properties, in
which an amino acid residue occupying a critical position vis a vis
the active site of the lipase has been modified.
EP 407 225 discloses lipase variants with improved resistance
towards proteolytic enzymes, which have been prepared by
specifically defined amino acid modifications.
EP 260 105 describes hydrolases in which an amino acid residue
within 15 .ANG. from the active site has been substituted.
WO 95/35381 discloses Pseudomonas sp. lipase variants, in
particular B. pumilus and P. pseudoalcaligenes lipase variants
which have been modified so as to increase the hydrophobicity at
the surface of the enzyme.
WO 96/00292 discloses Pseudomonas sp. lipase variants, in
particular B. pumilus and P. pseudoalcaligenes lipase variants
which have been modified so as to improve the enzyme's
compatibility to anionic surfactants.
WO 95/30744 discloses mutant lipases such as Pseudomonas sp.
lipases which have been modified to an increased surfactant
resistance.
WO 94/25578 discloses mutant lipases comprising at least a
substitution of the methionine corresponding to position 21 in the
P. pseudoalcaligenes lipase, in particular to leucine, serine or
alanine.
All of the above mentioned lipase variants have been constructed by
use of site-directed mutagenesis resulting in a modification of
specific amino acid residues which have been chosen either on the
basis of their type or on the basis of their location in the
secondary or tertiary structure of the parent lipase.
An alternative approach for constructing mutants or variants of a
given protein has been based on random mutagenesis. For instance,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,898,331 and WO 93/01285 disclose such
techniques.
WO 95/22615 discloses variants of lipolytic enzymes having an
improved washing performance, the variants having been prepared by
a method involving subjecting a DNA sequence encoding the parent
lipolytic enzyme to random mutagenesis and screening for variants
having a decreased dependence to calcium and/or an improved
tolerance towards a detergent or one or more detergent components
as compared to the parent lipolytic enzyme.
WO 95/09909 discloses, inter alia, chemically modified lipases or
lipase mutants which has a higher pl than the corresponding
modified enzyme.
Comments to Prior Art
It is known from prior art to modify lipolytic enzymes by
site-directed mutagenesis to obtain an improved performance, in
particular washing performance of lipolytic enzymes. The generally
used concept has been to insert, delete or substitute amino acids
within the structural part of the amino acid chain of the parent
lipolytic enzyme in question. Lipolytic enzymes with a
significantly improved washing performance have been achieved this
way.
However, there is a need for providing lipolytic enzymes with an
even further improved performance, such as washing performance
and/or even further improved dishwashing properties than the
lipolytic enzymes prepared by these prior art methods.
Furthermore, a drawback of all detergent lipolytic enzymes
described until now is that they exert the best fat removing effect
after more than one wash cycle, presumably because the known
lipolytic enzymes, when deposited on the fatty stain to be removed,
are more active during a certain period of the drying process than
during the wash process itself (Gormsen et al., in Proceedings of
the 3rd World Conference on Detergents, AOCS press, 1993, pp
198-203). This has the practical consequence that at least two wash
cycles (separated by a sufficient drying period) are required to
obtain a substantial removal of fatty stains.
Some lipolytic enzymes have been described as allegedly being
capable of removing fatty matter during the first wash cycle. Thus,
WO 94/03578 discloses a detergent composition which in addition to
various detergent components an enzyme which is alleged to be
capable of exhibiting a substantial lipolytic activity during the
main cycle of a wash process. Examples of lipolytic enzymes
allegedly exhibiting the above activity include stem-specific
cutinases such as the cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi, Fusarium
roseum culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria brassicicola.
However, when tested under realistic washing conditions none of
these enzymes are capable of removing substantial amounts of a
fatty stain during a one cycle wash process (cf the examples
hereinafter).
Thus, a need exists for lipolytic enzymes which under realistic
wash conditions are capable of removing substantial amounts of
fatty matter during one wash cycle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus, one object of the present invention is to improve properties
of enzymes with lipolytic activity, in particular to improve the
washing performance of such enzymes. Another object of the
invention is to provide lipolytic enzymes which are capable of
removing a substantial amount of fatty matter during one wash
cycle.
It has surprisingly been found that it is possible to significantly
enhance the washing performance of a lipolytic enzyme by applying a
peptide addition to the N- and/or C-terminal of the enzyme.
Consequently, in a first aspect the invention relates to a modified
enzyme with lipolytic activity which as compared to its parent
enzyme has one or more peptide additions in its C-terminal and/or
N-terminal end.
Furthermore, the present inventors have now surprisingly identified
and constructed a novel class of lipolytic enzymes which are
capable of removing substantial amounts of a fatty material during
a one cycle wash performed under realistic washing conditions.
Accordingly, in a second aspect the invention relates to a
lipolytic enzyme which, when present in detergent composition A
and/or B defined herein, is capable of removing at least 15% more
lard from a lard stained swatch than the same detergent composition
without the enzyme, in a one cycle wash assay comprising subjecting
7 lard-stained cotton swatches (9.times.9 cm) per beaker to a one
cycle wash in a thermostated Terg-O-to-Meter (TOM), each beaker
containing 1000 ml of water comprising 3.2 mM Ca.sup.2+ /Mg.sup.2+
(in a ratio of 5:1) and 5 g/l of said detergent composition, pH 10,
and comprising 12500 LU/l of the lipolytic enzyme, the wash
treatment being carried out for 20 minutes at a temperature of
30.degree. C., followed by rinsing for 15 minutes in running tap
water and overnight linedrying at room temperature, subsequent
extraction and quantification of fatty matter on the swatches by
Soxhlet extraction.
The Detergent Composition A and/or B and the one cycle wash assay
are further described in the Materials and Methods section
herein.
The present invention constitutes the first true demonstration of
the surprising fact that it is possible to develop (identify and/or
create) first wash lipolytic enzymes. Thus, what hitherto has been
considered impossible (based on several years of intensive research
by a number of research teams throughout the world (as reflected by
the number of hopeful patent applications filed in this field as
mentioned above)) has now been shown to be possible.
The present inventors have developed very convenient and successful
methods for creating first wash lipolytic enzymes.
Accordingly, in a third important aspect the invention relates to a
method of preparing a first wash mutated lipolytic enzyme, which
method comprises at least the following steps: (a) subjecting a DNA
sequence encoding a parent lipolytic enzyme to mutagenesis,
conveniently random mutagenesis to form a variety of mutated DNA
sequences; (b) expressing the mutated DNA sequences in host cells;
(c) screening for host cells expressing a mutated lipolytic enzyme
which has a decreased dependence on calcium and/or an improved
tolerance towards a detergent or a detergent component as compared
to the parent lipolytic enzyme; and selecting a mutated lipolytic
enzyme among those resulting from step (c) which, when present in
the detergent composition A and/or B in a concentration of 12500
LU/l, is capable of removing at least 15% more lard from a lard
stained swatch, than the same detergent composition without the
enzyme, in the one cycle wash assay described above.
In a fourth aspect the invention relates to a method of preparing a
first wash mutated lipolytic enzyme which method comprises at least
the following steps: constructing mutated DNA sequences by
combining a DNA sequence encoding a first parent lipolytic enzyme
and a DNA sequence encoding a second parent lipolytic enzyme and
optionally further DNA sequences encoding a third (and optionally
further) parent lipolytic enzymes, the DNA sequences being
sufficiently homologous to allow for recombination between parts of
or the entire DNA sequences to take place, expressing the resulting
mutated DNA sequences in host cells, and selecting a mutated
lipolytic enzyme encoded by a mutated DNA sequence which, when
present in detergent composition A or B in a concentration of 12500
LU/l, is capable of removing at least 15% more lard from a lard
stained swatch than the same detergent composition without the
enzyme, in the one cycle wash described above.
In a preferred embodiment the methods according to the third and
fourth aspects of the invention are combined, i.e. a mutated
lipolytic enzyme resulting from the method of the third aspect is
used as a parent enzyme in the method according to the fourth
aspect.
In a further aspect the invention relates to a DNA construct
comprising a DNA sequence encoding a modified lipase or a first
wash lipolytic enzyme as defined above.
In a still further aspect the invention relates to a recombinant
expression vector carrying the DNA construct, a cell which is
transformed with the DNA construct or the vector as well as a
method of producing a modified or a first wash lipolytic enzyme by
culturing said cell under conditions conducive to the production of
the enzyme, after which the enzyme is recovered from the
culture.
In final aspects the invention relates to the use of a modified or
first wash lipolytic enzyme as a detergent enzyme, in particular
for washing or dishwashing, and to a detergent additive and a
detergent composition comprising the enzyme.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the coding
region of the Humicola lanuginosa lipase gene as present in the
yeast expression vector pJSO37. The signal sequence (amino acids 1
to 17) is the original signal sequence from Humicola lanuginosa.
The SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) peptide addition is located at amino acid
residue 18 to 22. Amino acid residue 23 (E) is the first amino acid
residue of the parent lipase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae.
FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the coding
region of the Humicola lanuginosa lipase gene as present in the E.
coli expression vector pJSO215. The signal sequence (amino acids 1
to 20) is the A. lyticus protease I signal (WO 96/17943). The SPIRR
(SEQ ID NO:29) peptide is added after amino acid residue 20, Amino
acid residue 26 (E) is the first amino acid residue of the parent
lipase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae.
FIG. 3 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the coding
region of the Humicola lanuginosa lipase gene as present in the E
coli expression vector pSX581. The signal sequence (amino acids 1
to 20) is the A. lyticus protease I signal sequence (WO 96/17943).
Amino acid residue 21 (E) is the first amino acid residue of the
parent lipase.
FIG. 4 shows the construction of pSX164;
FIG. 5 shows the construction of pSX578;
FIG. 6 shows the construction of pSX581;
FIG. 7 shows the plasmid pSX581;
FIG. 8 shows the plasmid pJSO37;
FIG. 9 shows the construction of Aspergillus vector pCaHj485;
FIG. 10 shows the plasmid pYESHL,
FIG. 11 shows the plasmid pAO1,
FIG. 12 shows the plasmid pAHL,
FIGS. 13 and 14 are a graphical illustration of a PCR mutagenesis
method,
FIG. 15 shows the construction of the plasmid pDM177,
FIG. 16 shows the original sequence of the Absidia reflexa ATTC
44896 lipase. The triplett coding for the first amino acid serine
of the mature NL127 as well as the stop codon are underlined;
FIGS. 17A-17E shows the Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 sequence in the
context of the yeast expression vector pTiK05;
FIG. 18 shows the mating factor .alpha.1 signal sequence.
DEFINITIONS AND BACKGROUND ON LIPASE STRUCTURE
Definitions of Terms Used in the Present Application
In the present context the term "lipolytic enzyme" is intended to
indicate an enzyme classified under the Enzyme Classification
number E.C. 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases) in accordance with
the Recommendations (1992) of the International Union of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)). Lipolytic enzymes thus
exhibit hydrolytic activity towards at least one of the types of
ester bonds present in at least one of the following lipids: mono-,
di- and triglycerides, phospholipids (all classes), thioesters,
cholesterol esters, wax-esters, cutin, suberin, synthetic esters,
etc. (cf. the different types of esterbonds mentioned in the
context of E.C. 3.1.1).
Thus, the lipolytic enzyme may, e.g., be what has conventionally
been termed a lipase, a phospholipase, an esterase or a cutinase.
The term "lipolytic enzyme" is intended to embrace
naturally-occurring enzymes as well as enzymes, which as compared
to a naturally-occurring enzyme, have been modified, e.g. by
modification of one or more amino acid residues of the enzyme or by
chemical modification. In the present context the latter type of a
lipolytic enzyme is termed a variant.
In the present context the term "modified enzyme" is intended to
indicate a derivative or variant of a parent enzyme, which
derivative or variant as compared to the parent enzyme comprises a
peptide addition at the C-terminal and/or N-terminal end (fused to
the first and/or last amino acid residue of the parent enzyme)
and/or within the non-structural part of the C- and/or N-terminal
end of the parent enzyme. In particular, the term "modified" is
intended to indicate that i) an appropriate peptide addition has
been applied to the parent enzyme or ii) one or more amino acid
residues within the non-structural part of the C-terminal and/or
N-terminal part of the parent mature enzyme has/have been deleted
or replaced by other amino acid residues, or iii) the parent enzyme
has been modified by a combination of i) or ii). In the present
context first wash lipolytic enzymes of the invention which have
been modified in this way may be termed a modified enzyme of the
invention.
In the present context the term "peptide addition" is intended to
indicate that a stretch of one or more consecutive amino acid
residues has been added to either or both of the N- and/or
C-terminal end(s) of the parent enzyme (i.e. fused to the first
and/or last amino acid residue of the parent enzyme) or inserted
within the non-structural part of the N- and/or C-terminal end(s)
of the parent enzyme.
The term "an appropriate peptide addition" is used to indicate that
the peptide addition to be used is one which is capable of
effecting an improved wash performance or a first wash performance.
The "appropriateness" of the peptide addition may be checked by a
comparative analysis of the wash performance or first wash
performance of a modified enzyme to which the peptide addition has
been applied and of the corresponding parent enzyme, respectively.
The wash performance may, e.g., be determined by any suitable
technique such as any of the wash performance assays described in
the present application. The first wash performance may, e.g., be
determined by the one cycle wash assay described in the Materials
and Methods section.
The term "non-strucural part" is intended to indicate the part of
the N- and C-terminal end, respectively, which is outside the first
or last, respectively, structural element, such as an a-helix or
.beta.-sheet structure, of the folded mature enzyme. The
non-structural part may easily be identified in a three-dimensional
structure or model of the enzyme in question. Typically, the
non-structural part comprises the first or the last about 1-20
amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence constituting the
enzyme.
The non-structural part of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme
normally comprises the first or the last about 1-20 amino acid
residues of the mature enzyme.
The term "mature enzyme" is used in its conventional meaning, i.e.
to indicate the active form of the enzyme resulting after
expression and posttranslational processing (to remove pro and/or
pre-sequences) by the producer organism in question. When the
enzyme is a secreted enzyme, the mature enzyme will normally be the
form of the enzyme resulting after secretion. More specifically
this means that the pre- and pro-peptide sequences, if present,
have been removed from the initially translated enzyme, i.e. the
unprocessed enzyme.
The term "parent enzyme" in intended to indicate the enzyme to be
modified according to the invention. The parent enzyme may be a
naturally-occuring (or wild type) enzyme or may be a variant
thereof prepared by any suitable means. For instance, the parent
enzyme may be a variant of a naturally-occurring enzyme which has
been modified by substitution, deletion or truncation of one or
more amino acid residues or by addition or insertion of one or more
amino acid residues to the amino acid sequence of a
naturally-occurring enzyme, typically in the structural part of the
enzyme. Accordingly, the term is used to identify the starting
material to be modified in accordance with a method of the
invention for preparing modified or first wash lipolytic enzymes,
irrespectively of whether said starting material is a
naturally-occurring enzyme or a variant of such enzyme.
In the present context the capability of the enzyme in removing a
substantial amount of fatty matter during a one cycle wash is also
referred to as a first wash effect, a one cycle wash effect, a
through-the-wash effect, and the like. Analogously, lipolytic
enzymes of the invention, which are capable of effecting removal of
a substantial amount of a fatty material during a one cycle wash,
are called first wash lipolytic enzymes, through-the-wash lipolytic
enzymes, one cycle wash lipolytic enzymes, and the like.
In the present context the term "Detergent Composition A and/or B"
as used to define the lard removing capability of a given first
wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention is intended to indicate that
the lipolytic enzyme has the indicated lard removing capability
when present in either or both of Detergent Compositions A and
B.
The term "a variety of mutated sequences" as used about the method
according to the third aspect is intended to be understood to
indicate that at least two, but preferably a much higher number of
different sequences, such as at least 10, at least 50 at least 100,
at least 1000 sequences have resulted from the mutagenesis.
The term "random mutagenesis" is intended to be understood in a
conventional manner, i.e. to indicate an introduction of one or
more mutations at random positions of the parent enzyme or
introduction of random amino acid residues in selected positions or
regions of the parent enzyme. The random mutagenesis is normally
accompanied by a screening which allows the selection of mutated
lipolytic enzymes which, as compared with the parent enzyme, have
improved properties. Suitable techniques for introducing random
mutations and screening for improved properties are discussed in
detail below.
The term "satisfactory wash performance" as used about lipolytic
enzymes disclosed herein is intended to indicate that the enzyme
has an improved performance when tested in a suitable wash assay or
a wash related assay (such as the assays described in the Materials
and Methods and Example 12 below) as compared to the commercially
available lipolytic enzymes (Lumafast and Lipomax from Genencor,
Lipolase and Lipolase Ultra from Novo Nordisk and Liposam (from
Showa Denko). The improved performance may be in terms of lipid
stain removing capability and/or a decreased calcium dependency, an
improved tolerance towards a detergent or detergent component, an
increased hydrophobicity, an interesting substrate specificity, or
the like.
In the present context, the term "decreased dependence on calcium"
as used in connection with the screening for mutated lipolytic
enzymes, in particular lipolytic enzymes exhibiting enzymatic
activity towards lipase substrates having hydrocarbon chains
(ffa-part) of a length exceeding approx. 6-8 C-atomes, is intended
to mean that the mutated lipolytic enzyme requires lower amounts of
Ca.sup.2+ for exhibiting the same degree of activity and/or
stability as the parent enzyme when tested under similar
conditions. In other words the stability and/or activity of the
enzyme is/are increased in the absence of calcium as compared to
that of the parent enzyme. The stability may, e.g., be assayed by a
determination of residual activity upon preincubation under Ca-free
conditions and/or DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) in the
absence/presence of free Ca2+. Preferably, the mutated lipolytic
enzyme of the invention is substantially independent of the
presence of calcium for exhibiting enzymatic activity, in
particular at a pH higher than 8.
The term "improved tolerance towards a detergent or detergent
component" as used in connection with the screening for mutated
lipolytic enzymes is intended to mean that the mutated lipolytic
enzyme is active at higher concentrations of the detergent or
detergent component than the parent lipolytic enzyme.
In the present context the term "detergent" is intended to indicate
a mixture of detergent ingredients normally used for washing or
dishwashing. Analogously, a "detergent component" is intended to
indicate a component or ingredient normally found in detergent or
dishwashing compositions, specific examples of which are given in
the section further below entitled "Detergent compositions".
Background on Lipolytic Enzyme Structure and Definition of
Structure Terminology
The 3D structure of a number of lipolytic enzymes has been
determined. It has been found that the structures have a common
motif in the core of the protein consisting of a central
.beta.-sheet, one of the strands ending in a nucleophil elbow
including the active serine residue (Ollis et al, 1992). Lipolytic
enzymes comprise a lipid contact zone which is a surface with
increased surface hydrophobicity which interacts with the lipid
substrate at or during hydrolysis. For lipolytic enzymes containing
a lid the lipid contact zone is typically formed when the enzyme is
activated by substrate (and the lid thereby displaced). For
lipolytic enzymes which do not contain a lid there is generally
little or no corresponding substantial movement leading to the
creation of the lipid contact zone. The lipid substrate is a
conglomerate of single lipid substrate molecules. The lipid contact
zone contains a binding area to which a single lipid substrate
molecule binds before hydrolysis. This binding area contains an
acyl-binding hydrophobic cleft and a so-called hydrolysis pocket,
which is situated around the active site Ser, and in which the
hydrolysis of the lipid substrate is believed to take place. The
lipid contact zone includes one or more protein secondary structure
elements, i.e., loop sequences, the amino acid residues of which
contact, bind to and/or interact with the substrate during
hydrolysis when the lipolytic enzyme is activated.
The lipid contact zone may be recognized, e.g. from a
three-dimensional structure of the lipolytic enzyme in question
created by suitable computer programs. The lipid contact zone may
be identified by searching the structure for the relevant features
defining the zone, including a zone positioned on top of the active
site residues and containing a lid structure (for lipolytic enzymes
containing a lid) which when opened creates a hydrophobic surface
containing a narrow hydrophobic binding pocket. The conformation of
the inactive and activated H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme,
respectively, is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of WO 92/05249.
In terms of amino acid residues the lipid contact zone of the H.
lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme is defined by amino acid residues
21-25, 36-38, 56-62, 81-98, 110-116, 144-147, 172-174, 199-213 and
248-269. These residues have been identified on the basis of
computer model simulations of the interaction between the lipolytic
enzyme and a lipid substrate. For lipolytic enzymes having
substantially the same structure as the H. lanuginosa lipolytic
enzyme, e.g. the lipolytic enzymes produced by Rhizomucor miehei,
by the Rhizopus oryzae, by Penicillium camembertii and by Absidia
sp. (cf the "Background of the Invention" section above) the lipid
contact zone is constituted by amino acid residues occupying
homologous positions to those given above for the H. lanuginosa
enzyme. The homologous positions may be identified by an alignment
of the relevant amino acid sequences (e.g. using the UWGCG GAP
programme) looking for groups of sequence similarity, but may more
conveniently be done by comparing the structures or structure
models of the relevant enzymes. More specifically, the lipid
contact zone of these enzymes is constituted of the following
residues (the numbering used refers to the amino acid residue in
the mature enzyme, the sequence of which is apparent from the
references disclosed in the Background of the Invention section
above unless otherwise indicated): Penicillium camembertii: 21-25,
36-38, 56-62, 81-98, 109-115, 143-146, 172-174, 198-212, 247-280;
Rhizopus oryzae: 29-33, 39-41, 57-62, 81-98, 109-115, 143-146,
175-177, 202-216, 245-269. Rhizomucor miehei: 29-33, 39-41, 56-61,
80-97, 108-114, 142-145, 174-176, 201-215, 245-10 269; Absidia sp.
lipase: 29-33, 39-41, 56-61, 80-97, 108-114,142-145, 171-173,
198-212, and 239-263, the numbering based on that the mature enzyme
has the following N-terminal sequence: SSKQDYR (SEQ ID NO:104). The
entire sequence is apparent from (SEQ ID NO:122).
As an alternative or in addition to the homology based
identification of the lipid contact zone, the lipid contact zone
may be identified by a) calculating the hydrophobic vector of the
3-D molecular structure of the activated enzyme; b) making a cut
perpendicular to the vector through the CA-atom (C.alpha.-atom) of
the second amino acid residue after the active site serine in the
linear sequence; c) including all residues with at least one atom
on that side of the cut to which the vector points; and selecting
from those residues, those which have at least one atom within 5
.ANG.ngstrom of the surface of the protein.
The hydrophobic vector is calculated from the protein structure by
summing up all residue vectors for residues having a surface
accessibility (Lee et al., Mol. Biol, 55, pp.379-400 (1971)) of at
least 15%. The starting point of the residue vector is defined as
the CA-atom of the residue and its direction is through the mass
centre of the sidechain. The magnitude of each residue vector is
defined as the residues relative free energy of transfer between
water and a more hydrophobic solvent (see, e.g., Creighton,
Protein, W. Freeman & Co., p.151 (1984)). The surface
accessibility of each residue is calculated using the Connolly
program (Lee et al., op. cit.).
Using the above method and/or the alignment of the various
sequences, which is apparent from Svendsen et al, Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta, 1259 (1995) 9-17, the following lipid contact
zones of lipolytic enzymes isolated from various Pseudomonas sp.
have been identified (the numbering used refers to the amino acid
residues of the mature enzyme as presented in the above mentioned
publication (Svendsen et al. (1995))): Pseudomonas cepacia lipase:
15-36, 110-167, 209-266, 281-304; Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
lipase: 15-35, 106-163, 200-232, 250-271; Pseudomonas glumae:
15-36, 110-167, 209-266, 281-304; Pseudomonas mendocina (SD702)
lipase: 19-39, 111-166, 213-244, 258-279 (the sequence is apparent
from WO 95/14783); Pseudomonas sp. (Liposam.RTM.) lipase: 17-37,
109-161, 208-239, 253-274 (SEQ ID NO:91); Pseudomonas
wisconsinensis lipase: 13-34, 106-161, 200-242, 250-270 (the
sequence is apparent from WO 96/12012).
The lipid contact zone for lipolytic enzymes which do not contain a
lid structure may be determined from the topology of the core as
evaluated in a structure or model of the three-dimensional
structure of the lipolytic enzyme. In this manner the lipid contact
zone of the Fusarium solani pisi lipolytic enzyme has been
determined to amino acid residues 40-50, 78-91, 119-121, 147-154,
171-193 (as evaluated on the basis of the mature enzyme).
Some lipolytic enzymes also comprise a surface loop structure,
i.e., a lid, which is part of the lipid contact zone. The surface
loop structure covers the active serine when the lipolytic enzyme
is in inactive form. When the enzyme is activated, the surface loop
structure shifts to expose the active serine residue. The surface
loop structure has a predominantly hydrophobic inner surface facing
the binding pocket and a predominantly hydrophilic outer
surface.
Examples of lipolytic enzymes which have a surface loop structure
are those produced by Humicola lanuginosa, Rhizomucor miehei,
Rhizopus sp., Penicillium camembertii and Absidia sp., a number of
Pseudomonas sp., such as Ps. cepacia, Ps. aeroginosa, Ps. fragi
(cf. the "Background of the Invention" section above), Candida
rugosa (Grochulski,P et al (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, p. 12843) and
the human pancreatic lipase described in Winkler et al., Nature
343, pp. 771-74 (1990).
The surface loop structure of the lipolytic enzyme produced by
Humicola lanuginosa DSM 4109 is defined by amino acid residues at
positions 82-96. The surface loop structure of lipolytic enzymes
with substantially the same three-dimensional structure (cf above)
is defined by the amino acid residues occupying homologous
positions to those of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme, i.e.81-98
(for the Penicillium camembertii lipase), 82-99 (for Rhizopus
oryzae), 80-97 (for Rhizomucor miehei), 80-97 (for Absidae sp.
lipase).
The surface loop structure of a representative number of lipolytic
enzymes produced by Pseudomonas sp. are: Ps. glumae: 135-155, Ps.
cepacia 135-155, Ps pseudoalcaligenes 132-152), Pseudomonas sp.
lipase (SD705) (Liposam.RTM.) 129-149 shown in SEQ ID NO:91.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Peptide Addition
As stated above it has surprisingly been found that a significantly
improved wash performance of lipolytic enzymes may be achieved when
an appropriate peptide addition is applied to a non-structural part
of the enzyme in its mature form or at the C-terminal and/or
N-terminal end of the mature enzyme.
The term "improved wash performance" is intended to indicate that
the modified enzyme of the invention has a better lipid soil
removing capability than the unmodified parent enzyme when tested
under wash like conditions. The improvement is often indicated in
terms of "an improvement factor" (f.sub.improve) (further reference
vide the Materials and Methods section further below). Dependent on
the peptide addition and the mature enzyme an improvement factor
(f.sub.improve) in the range of 1-5, or even up to 10 (such as in
the range of 1-10) has been obtained. It is presently believed that
even higher improvement factors such as up to 20, even up 30, or
even up to 50, such as between 30 and 50, or even higher may be
achieved in accordance with the present invention.
It is presently contemplated that the improved wash performance
effected by the peptide addition is, at least in part, due to an
increased affinity of the modified lipolytic enzyme towards its
lipid substrate (although this may not be the only reason).
The present invention is not limited to improving the wash
performance of a parent lipolytic enzyme. It is contemplated that
also other properties of parent lipolytic enzymes may be improved
in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, i.e.
by applying an appropriate peptide addition at or within a
non-structural part of the C-terminal and/or N-terminal end of the
parent enzyme. More specifically, it is contemplated that the
activity of a parent lipolytic enzyme, e.g., in removing pitch in
the paper and pulp industry, in degreasing hides in the leather
industry, in acting as a catalyst in organic syntheses, etc., may
be significantly improved by applying an appropriate peptide
addition at or within the N-terminal or C-terminal end of a
lipolytic enzyme, i.e. a peptide addition which is capable of
exerting the desired function. Also in these connections it is
believed that the improved activity may be at least partly due to
an improved affinity for the substrate in question.
As a consequence of the improved activity it may be possible to
reduce the dosage of the enzyme required for a given purpose
considerably, as compared to the dosage of needed dosage of the
unmodified parent enzyme.
It is presently believed that the capability of the peptide
addition of providing the desired effect (such as improved wash
performance, improved performance in degreasing of hides, Esc,
depends on, e.g., the identity of the parent enzyme to be modified,
the structure (including length) of the peptide addition, the
impact of the peptide addition on the structure of the entire
lipolytic enzyme, the nature or functionality of amino acid
residues of the peptide addition, etc. A prerequisite for the
peptide addition being capable of providing the desired effect is,
of course, that the modified enzyme containing the peptide addition
is expressible in a suitable host organism. The following general
considerations are of relevance for the design of a suitable
peptide addition:
Length of peptide addition: It has been found that peptide
additions containing varying numbers of amino acid residues are
capable of providing the desired effect and thus, it is not
possible to specify an exact number of amino acid residues to be
present in the peptide addition to be used in accordance with the
present invention. It is contemplated that the upper limit of the
number of amino acid residues is determined, inter alia, on the
basis of the impact of the peptide addition on the expression, the
structure and/or the activity of the resulting modified enzyme. It
is believed that the peptide addition may comprise a substantial
number of amino acid residues, however, without all of these amino
acid residues need to contributing to the desired effect (even if
the peptide addition contains a substantial number of amino acid
residues only a small number of these need to providing the desired
function, this small number may be termed the functional part of
the peptide addition). The main consideration in relation to the
lower limit of the number of amino acid residues of the peptide
addition will normally be that the number should be sufficient to
provide the desired effect.
The peptide addition may thus comprise a single amino acid residue
or an amino acid chain of from 2 and 500 amino acids, such as from
1 to 200, or from 2 to 100, preferably from 2 to 50, such as 3 to
50, even more preferably from 7-45 and still more preferably
between 1 and 15, such as between 1 and 10 or 1 and 7, especially
between 4 and 10, such as 4 and 7 amino acids.
Stability: The peptide addition should preferably be chosen so as
to provide a modified lipolytic enzyme with an acceptable stability
(e.g. structural stability and/or expression stability) or so as to
not significantly reduce the structural stability of the parent
enzyme. Although many peptide additions are not believed to confer
any substantial structural instability to the resulting modified
enzyme, it may in certain instances and with certain parent enzymes
be relevant to choose a peptide addition which in itself can confer
a structural stability to the modified lipolytic enzyme. For
instance, a peptide addition which in itself forms a structural
element, such as an .alpha.-helix or .beta.-sheet, may stabilize
the resulting modified enzyme and thus be used in the context of
the present invention. Peptide sequences capable of forming such
structures are known in the art. Alternatively, an improved
structural stability may be provided by introduction of cystein
bridges in the modified lipolytic enzyme of the invention. For
instance, a cystein bridge between the peptide addition and the
mature part of the enzyme may be established if at least one of the
amino acid residues of the peptide addition is a cystein residue
which is located so as to be able to form a covalent binding to a
cystein residue in the mature part of the enzyme. The positive
effect of introducing a cystein bridge is illustrated in Example
24. If no suitable cystein is present in the mature enzyme, a
cystein may be inserted at a suitable location of said parent
enzyme, conveniently by replacing an amino acid of the parent
enzyme, which is considered unimportant for the activity.
In addition, it may be desirable that at least one of the amino
acid residues of the peptide addition is chosen so as to make the
peptide addition less susceptibility to proteolytic degradation by
proteolytic enzymes of the host cell used for expressing the
modified lipolytic enzyme. For instance, the peptide addition may
comprise at least one, and preferably at least two proline
residues. Preferably, the peptide addition comprises 1-5, such as
1-4 or 1-3 or two or one proline residues. The proline residue(s)
is (are) preferably placed at the proteolytic cleavage site or
close thereto. Alternatively, the peptide addition may be one which
provides a protease stable loop to the modified lipase, e.g. as
described in EP 407 225 or WO 93/11254.
Nature of amino acid residues of the peptide addition: As stated
above and without being limited to any theory, it is presently
believed that the improved performance may at least partly be due
to an increased affinity of the modified lipolytic enzyme toward
the substrate provided by the peptide addition. In particular in
relation to wash performance, it is believed that favourable
electrostatic interactions may be obtained between the negatively
charged lipid surface and positively charged and/or hydrophobic
amino acid residues present in the modified enzyme. Accordingly, it
is particularly preferred that the modified enzyme of the invention
comprises a peptide addition with at least one positive charge,
such as at least 2, 3, 4 or more positive charges or expressed
differently, in which a substantial number of the amino acid
residues of the peptide addition is positively charged and/or
hydrophobic.
Analogously, and in order to reduce the negative charge in a
non-structural end of the parent enzyme it is preferred to remove
at least one such as two or more negatively charged amino acid
residues from a non-structural N-terminal or C-terminal part of the
parent enzyme of choice, in particular from the part of the parent
lipase being constructed of the 1-5 first or last N-terminal or
C-terminal amino acid residues, such as 1-4, or 1-3 or 1-2. The
negatively charged amino acid residue may either be removed or
replaced by a neutral, a positively charged or a hydrophobic amino
acid residue. For instance, the negatively charged amino acid
residue to be removed may be an E or D which may be replaced with
either of the positively charged amino acid residues R, K or H, the
neutral amino acid residues S, T, G or Q, or the hydrophobic amino
acid residues A, I, W, F or L. Similarly, a neutral amino acid
residue of a non-structural N-terminal or C-terminal part of the
parent enzyme may be replaced with a positively charged or
hydrophobic amino acid residue as defined above.
Accordingly, the modified lipolytic enzyme of the invention in
addition or as an alternative to a N-terminal and/or C-terminal
extension may comprise a mutation in the non-structural C-terminal
and/or N-terminal end of the parent enzyme, which mutation has
involved deleting or replacing a negatively charged amino acid
residue of said non-structural part with a positively charged or
neutral amino acid residue or with a hydrophobic amino acid
residue.
If a peptide addition is present in both the N- and the C-terminal
of the parent enzyme, the peptide addition at or within each of the
terminals may have the same or a different amino acid sequence.
Test of suitability of peptide addition: the effect of using a
given peptide addition, e.g., designed on the basis of the above
principles may be tested by constructing a modified lipolytic
enzyme containing the peptide addition and testing the properties
of the resulting enzyme for the desired enzyme application such as
wash, pitch removal, degreasing of leather, Esc either in a full
scale test or in an assay which correlates well with the enzyme
application in question.
The peptide addition can be generalised in the following way.
The first residue (counted from the outer residue) is named "a",
the second is named "b", the third "c" etc. Thus, in case of an
N-terminal addition the first amino acid residue is termed "a", in
case of a C-terminal addition the last amino acid residue is termed
"a".
In an important embodiment of the invention the peptide addition
consists of from 1 to 7 amino acids. Such peptide addition, which
can be applied to both the N- and/or C-terminal of the parent
enzyme, can be referred to as: a (one amino acid peptide addition)
a-b (two amino acids peptide addition) a-b-c (three amino acids
peptide addition) a-b-c-d (four amino acids peptide addition)
a-b-c-d-e (five amino acids peptide addition) a-b-c-d-e-f (six
amino acids peptide addition) a-b-c-d-e-f-g (seven amino acids
peptide addition)
Each letter defines an amino acid residue.
a, b, c, d, e, f and g may independently be any amino acid
including Alanine (A), Valine (V), Leucine (L), Isoleucine (I),
Proline (P), Phenylalanine (F), Tryptophan (W), Methionine (M),
Glycine (G), Serine (S), Threonine (T), Cysteine (C), Tyrosine (Y),
Asparagine (N), Glutamine (Q), Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid
(E), Lysine (K), Arginine (R), and Histidine (H).
In specific embodiments a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are independently
one of the following amino acids: a: Leu, Ile, Val, Trp, Phe, Ser,
Arg, Cys, or Lys, b: Leu, Ile, Val, Trp, Phe Ser, Pro, Arg, Lys,
Cys or His, c: Leu, Ile, Val, Trp, Phe, Ser, Pro, Arg, Cys, or Lys.
d: Leu, Ile, Val, Trp, Phe, Ser, Pro, Arg, Cys, or Lys. e: Leu,
Ile, Val, Trp, Phe, Pro, Arg, Lys, Ala, Glu, Cys, or Asp, f: Leu,
Ile, Val, Trp, Phe, Pro, Arg, Lys, Ala, Glu, Cys, or Asp, g: Leu,
Ile, Val, Trp, Phe, Pro, Arg, Lys, Cys, or Met.
In a preferred embodiment at least one such as one, two, three or
four of a, b, c, d, e, f, or g is a positively charged amino acid,
i.e. Arg (R) or Lys (K) or a hydrophobic amino acid, i.e. Leu, lie,
Val, Trp or Phe.
As stated further above, and dependent on the host cell of choice
it is generally believed that it is important that the peptide
addition comprises at least one proline residue in order to protect
the modified lipolytic enzyme against proteolytic degradation
during the processing of the enzyme by the host cell of choice. It
may be desirable that the proline residue occupies position two
(i.e. b) and/or three (i.e. c) of the peptide addition or a
position close to the desired cleavage point (i.e. the point where
processing by the host cell in question is believed to occur).
Accordingly, in one embodiment b and optionally c of the peptide
addition is Pro.
In another embodiment of the invention a-b is SP (Ser-Pro), A-P or
Q-P. If the peptide addition contains more amino acid residues,
e.g. between 4 and 7 amino acids the peptide addition has the
general formula (SEQ ID NO:123) SPcd, SPcde, SPcdef, SPcdefg or
APcd, APcde, APcdef, Apcdefg or QPcd, QPcde, QPcdef, QPcdefg. In
each of these formulae c, d, e, f, and g may be any amino acid.
However, preferred are the above mentioned group of amino
acids.
In another embodiment a-b comprise at least one positive amino
acids (i.e. Arg and Lys) or hydrophobic amino acid residue (i.e.
Leu, Ile, Val, Trp and Phe).
Specifically, the peptide addition applied to the parent lipolytic
enzyme may advantageously be one of the following amino acid
residues or peptides: Arg (R), or Lys (K), or Leu (L), or lie (I),
or Val (V), or Trp (W) or Phe (F), or Arg-Pro (RP), or Lys-Lys
(KK), or Arg-Lys (RK), or Lys-Arg (KR), or Arg-Arg (RR), or
Arg-Arg-Pro (RRP), or Arg-Pro-Val-Ser-Gln-Asp (RPVSQD) (SEQ ID
NO:17) Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Met (SPIRM) (SEQ ID NO:18), or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Ala-Arg (SPIRAR) (SEQ ID NO:19), or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg (SPIRPR) (SEQ ID NO:20) or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Glu-Arg (SPIRER) (SEQ ID NO:21), or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Lys (SPIRK) (SEQ ID NO:22), or Ser-Pro-Ile-Lys-Lys
(SPIKK) (SEQ ID NO:23), or Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Pro (SPIRRP) (SEQ ID
NO:24), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg (SPPRR) (SEQ ID NO:25), or
Ser-Pro-Iso-Pro-Arg (SPIPR) (SEQ ID NO:26), or Ser-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg
(SPRPR) (SEQ ID NO:27), or Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg (SPIR) (SEQ ID NO:28),
or Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg (SPIRR) (SEQ ID NO:29), or
Ser-Cys-Ile-Arg-Arg, (SCIRR) (SEQ ID NO:30), or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SPIRPRP) (SEQ ID NO:31), or
Ser-Cys-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (SCPIRPRP) (SEQ ID NO:32), or
Ser-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg-Thr (SPRRPRT) (SEQ ID NO:33), or
Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu (SPFRPKL) (SEQ ID NO:34), or
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro (SPPRRP) (SEQ ID NO:35), or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Glu (SPIRRE) (SEQ ID NO:36), or
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro (SPPRPP) (SEQ ID NO:37), or
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SPPRPR) (SEQ ID NO:38), or
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (SPPWWP) (SEQ ID NO:39), or
Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Arg-Pro (SPPWRP) (SEQ ID NO:40), or
Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro (SPPRWP) (SEQ ID NO:41), or
Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Arg-Trp (SHWRRW)(SEQ ID NO:43), or
Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Lys (SHWRK) (SEQ ID NO:44), or Ser-His-Trp-Arg-Arg
(SHWRR) (SEQ ID NO:45), or Thr-Ala-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Lys (TAIRPRK)
(SEQ ID NO:46), Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (STRRPRP) (SEQ ID
NO:47), Gly-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPIRPRP) (SEQ ID NO:48), or
Leu-Pro-Phe-Arg-Glu-Arg-Pro (LPFRQRP) SEQ ID NO:49), or
Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg-His-Asp-Ala (SRSRHNA) (SEQ ID NO:50), or
Ile-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg (IPIRPRR) (SEQ ID NO:51), or
Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (STRRPRP) (SEQ ID NO:52), or
Thr-Ala-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Lys (TAIRPRK) (SEQ ID NO:53), or
Trp-Arg-Trp-Arg-Trp-Arg (WRWRWR) (SEQ ID NO:54), or
Glu-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg (QPIRR) (SEQ ID NO:55), or Ser-His-Trp-Glu-Glu
(SHWQQ) (SEQ ID NO:56), or Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro-Arg-Lys (SALRPRK)
(SEQ ID NO:87).
Also contemplated according to the invention are additions
comprising more than 7 amino acids, such as from 8 to 15 amino
acids.
Such peptides can be generalised as: a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h (8 amino acid
peptide) a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i (9 amino acid peptide)
a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j (10 amino acid peptide) a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k
(11 amino acid peptide) a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l (12 amino acid
peptide) a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l-m (13 amino acid peptide)
a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l-m-n (14 amino acid peptide)
a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l-m-n-o (15 amino acid peptide). a to o may
be any of the twenty amino acids mentioned above.
The a-g stretch may be as defined above in relation to a peptide
addition comprising 1 to 7 amino acid residues.
h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o may as mentioned above be any amino acid,
preferably any of the following amino acids: Arg, Lys, Ala, Val,
Trp, Ile, Phe, Ser or Pro.
Specific examples of such additions are listed below:
Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (RPRPRPRP) (SEQ ID NO:57), or
Ser-Ser-Thr-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Pro-Ile-Lys-Lys (SSTRRASPIKK) (SEQ ID
NO:58), or Ala-Trp-Trp-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro
(AWWPSPIRPRP) (SEQ ID NO:59), or
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (APPPRPRPRPRP) (SEQ
ID NO:60), or Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Ser
(APPPRTRPRPRS) (SEQ ID NO:61), or Ser-Pro-Lys-Arg-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro
(SPKRKPRP) (SEQ ID NO:62), or Ser-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys
(SQRIKQRIK) (SEQ ID NO:63), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro
(SPPPRPRP) (SEQ ID NO:64), or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg (SPIRPRPRPR) (SEQ ID
NO:65), or Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Lys-Ala-Trp-Trp-Pro (SPIRKAWWP) (SEQ ID
NO:66), or Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Lys-Ala-Ser-Pro-Arg-Gln-Arg-Pro
(APPPKASPRQRP) (SEQ ID NO:67), or
Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ile-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg(SPIRPRPSPIRPRP)
(SEQ ID NO:68), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Arg-Arg (SPPRWPRR) (SEQ
ID NO:69), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Arg-Trp (SPPRWPRW) (SEQ ID
NO:70), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Arg-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg (SPPRWPWR) (SEQ ID
NO:71), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg (SPPWRPRR) (SEQ ID
NO:72), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Arg-Trp (SPPWWPRW) (SEQ ID
NO:73), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg (SPPWWPWR) (SEQ ID
NO:74), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Trp (SPPWWPWW) SEQ ID
NO:75), or Ser-Pro-Pro-Trp-Pro-Arg-pro-Arg-Pro (SPPWPRPRP) (SEQ ID
NO:76), or Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Leu-Pro-Ile-Ser
(APPPRPRLLPIS) (SEQ ID NO:88), or
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Gln-Ser-Pro (APPPTRQRQSP) (SEQ ID
NO:89), or Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Thr-Ile-Pro-Arg-Ser-Ser-Pro
(APPPRTIPRSSP) (SEQ ID NO:90).
In any of the above specified peptide additions (whether comprising
1 to 7 or 1 to 15 amino acid residues) in which the position "a" is
a Ser, Ala, Arg, Lys or Pro, the Ser may be replaced with an Ala,
Arg, Lys or Pro, the Ala with a Ser, Arg, Lys or Pro and the Arg,
Lys or Pro with a Ala or Ser.
It is to be emphasized that the above peptide addition may be at
either the N-terminal and/or the C-terminal. Examples of modified
lipolytic enzymes with both a N- and a C-terminal peptide addition
include all combinations of the peptide additions specifically
mentioned above. Two specific examples of such are the N-terminal
addition SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) together with the C-terminal
addition RRP or RR.
If the peptide addition is inserted into the non-structural part of
the parent enzyme, it may replace one or more of the amino acid
residues of said non-structural part. For instance, the peptide
addition may replace one or more amino acid residues occupying the
first, e.g. 1-5, amino acid residues of the N-terminal end and/or
the last, e.g. 1-5, amino acids of the enzyme (i.e. the 1-5 amino
acid residues of the C-terminal end). For instance, the peptide
addition may replace amino acid residue(s) 1 and/or 2 and/or 3
and/or 4, and/or 5, etc. from either end of the parent enzyme. When
the parent enzyme is H. lanuginosa lipase it has been of particular
interest to combine any of the above peptide additions (applied in
the N-terminal) with a deletion of the parent first (1E).
In accordance with the invention, it is also contemplated to apply,
to the modified enzyme, one or more charged amino acids which
permit effective purification of the modified enzyme. Techniques
for doing this is well known by a person skilled in the art of
molecular biology.
The First Wash Lipolytic Enzyme of the Invention
Preferably, the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention is
capable of effecting an even higher lard removing capability than
that stated above in "Summary of the Invention". Accordingly, in a
preferred embodiment Detergent Composition A and/or B comprising
the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention is capable of
removing at least 15%, such as at least 20% more lard, than
Detergent Composition A and/or B, respectively, which does not
comprise the lipolytic enzyme, when tested in the one cycle wash
assay described herein in a concentration of 12500 LU/l. In a more
preferred embodiment the lipolytic enzyme is one, which, when
present in Detergent Composition A and/or B allows the detergent
composition to remove at least 25% such as at least 30% or 35% or
40% or 50% more lard than Detergent Composition A and/or B without
the lipolytic enzyme, when tested in the one cycle wash assay as
described herein.
The concentration of lipolytic enzyme used in the above described
one cycle wash assay (i.e. 12500 LU/l) may be considered high for
practical applications, but has been chosen for assay purposes in
order to minimize the analytical variation. A more realistic
concentration is 1250 LU/l which in an alternative embodiment may
be used to define the lard removing capability of a lipolytic
enzyme of the invention. Accordingly, in a further embodiment the
first wash lipolytic enzyme is one which is capable of removing at
least 15%, such as at least 20% more lard, than Detergent
Composition A and/or Detergent Composition B which does not
comprise the lipolytic enzyme, when used in the one cycle wash
assay described herein in a concentration of 1250 LU/l. In an even
more preferred embodiment the first wash lipolytic enzyme, when
present in Detergent Composition A and/or B in a concentration of
1250 LU/l, allows the detergent composition to remove at least 25%
such as at least 30% or 35% more lard than Detergent Composition A
and/or B without the lipolytic enzyme, when used in a one cycle
wash assay as described herein.
In preferred embodiments the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the
invention is capable of removing: (a) when present in Detergent
composition A in a concentration of 1250 LU/l at least 15% more
lard from a lard stained swatch than Detergent composition A
without the enzyme, (b) when present in Detergent A in a
concentration of 12500 LU/l at least 40% more lard from a lard
stained swatch than Detergent Composition A without the enzyme, (c)
when present in Detergent composition B in a concentration of 1250
LU/l at least 15% more lard from a lard stained swatch than
Detergent composition B without the enzyme, (d) when present in
Detergent B in a concentration of 12500 LU/l at least 15% more lard
from a lard stained swatch than Detergent Composition B without the
enzyme,
when tested in a one cycle wash assay as described herein.
In Example 12 herein a comparison is shown between the fat removing
capability of lipolytic enzymes of the invention and that of
lipolytic enzymes described in WO 94/03578 alleged to have a
through-the-wash-effect. It is seen that the enzymes of the
invention removed substantially more lard in a one cycle wash than
the prior art enzymes. The comparison between the enzymes has been
done by use of the same assay.
While the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention may be of
any of the above mentioned types of lipolytic enzymes such as a
hydrolase exhibiting activity towards ester and/or phospholipid
bonds, it is particularly preferred that the enzyme is a lipolytic
enzyme which exhibits activity towards esterbonds in mono-, di-
and/or tri-glycerides and/or which exhibits activity towards cutin.
Such enzymes are generally considered to be of high interest as
detergent enzymes.
In the Materials and Methods section and in Example 12 below
suitable assays for identifying first wash lipolytic enzymes are
given. These assays may be used to identify naturally-occurring
first wash lipolytic enzymes. More specifically, in order to
identify a naturally-occurring first wash lipolytic enzyme
according to the invention candidate enzymes are recovered from
suitable organisms expected to produce lipolytic enzymes, such as
organisms which are taxonomically related to the ones given in the
"Background of the Invention" section above or discussed later on
in the "Parent Lipolytic Enzymes" section, or organisms which are
found in an environment which require the organism to produce
lipolytic enzymes in order to prevail. Subsequently, the recovered
enzymes are subjected to the first wash lipolytic enzyme assays
disclosed herein.
Although the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention may be a
novel naturally-occurring enzyme (identified on the basis of its
first wash performance) it is presently preferred that the enzyme
is a mutated enzyme, i.e. an enzyme which has been prepared by
subjecting a parent lipolytic enzyme to mutagenesis and/or to
chemical modification so as to result in a modified lipolytic
enzyme which has a first wash activity. The parent lipolytic enzyme
may be one which has a first wash activity (which may thus be
improved by the mutagenesis or chemical modification) or may be
without any first wash activity as defined herein. In one
embodiment it is considered advantageous that the parent enzyme has
a satisfactory wash performance itself or even a first wash
performance, the latter property then being improved by the
mutation(s). Parent enzymes with a satisfactory (but not
necessarily a first wash performance) may be selected using the
assay described in Example 13 hereinafter.
The chemical modification of amino acid residues of the parent
enzyme may e.g. be performed in accordance with the principles
disclosed in WO 95/09909 the content of which is incorporated
herein by reference. For instance, the chemical modification may be
accomplished by coupling an amine ligand (such as an aminated
sugar, aminated alcohol or aminated glucosamine or isomeric forms
thereof) to the carboxyl group of glutamic acid or aspartic acid
residues in the enzyme. The chemical modification may be performed
by methods known in the art, such as those described in WO
95/09909. The chemical modification may be done on acid groups so
as to remove negative charges.
The mutagenesis of the parent lipolytic enzyme is preferably done
so as to improve the substrate binding affinity of the parent
enzyme. More specifically, it has been found that an improved
substrate binding affinity may result in a first wash activity
being obtained. It is presently contemplated that an improved
substrate binding affinity may be achieved by making the surface of
the parent enzyme less negative. Accordingly, the mutagenesis may
be performed so as to replace at least one neutral amino acid
residue located at the surface of the parent enzyme with a
positively charged amino acid residue, deleting a negatively
charged amino acid residue located at the surface of the parent
enzyme or replacing a negatively charged amino acid residue located
at the surface of the parent enzyme with a neutral (including
hydrophobic) or positively charged amino acid residue. Amino acid
residues located at the surface of the enzyme may be identified by
use of the Conolly program referred to in the Definitions section
above. In a preferred embodiment the mutagenesis is performed so as
to remove the amino acid residue D and/or E, and/or to insert,
conveniently by replacement, of R, K, W, F, Y, I or L. A suitable
test for an improved substrate binding affinity is described in
Example 27 hereinafter.
The 1 st wash effect of the above changes from negative towards
positive surface may be improved and/or stabilized by introduction
of exchanges optimizing the structure or stability. Thus, for
instance introduction of a proline residue into the enzyme surface
may lead to an increased proteolytic and/or thermal stability;
introduction of hydrophilic amino acid residues, e.g. Glu and/or
Asp, may increase the anionic detergent stability, and the
introduction of hydrophobic amino acid residues may increase the
adsorption/affinity of the enzyme. The introduction of the above
type of amino acid residues may either be accomplished by simply
inserting the amino acid residues into a suitable location at the
surface of the enzyme or by replacing amino acid residue(s) located
at such position(s).
It is presently believed that a first wash lipolytic enzyme of the
invention is a variant of a parent lipolytic enzyme which comprises
at least one mutation, but typically more mutations, preferably
located at the surface of the enzyme. The variant may comprise more
mutations such as at least 2, 3, 4 or 5 mutations, e.g. in the
range of 1-20, 1-15, 1-12, 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-4 mutations, or any
number of mutations which does not impair the enzymatic activity of
the enzyme.
It has been found that mutations within as well as outside the
lipid contact zone of the parent H. lanuginosa lipase disclosed
herein may be of importance for achieving a first wash activity.
Accordingly, the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention
carrying a mutation may be constructed from a parent lipolytic
enzyme by modification of at least one amino acid residue outside
the lipid contact zone of the parent enzyme and/or by addition of
at least one amino acid residue outside said zone, and/or by
modification of at least one amino acid residue within the lipid
contact zone of the parent enzyme and/or by addition of at least
one amino acid residue within said zone.
Accordingly, in another embodiment the first wash lipolytic enzyme
of the invention is one, which has been prepared from the parent
enzyme by modification, deletion or substitution of at least one
amino acid residue in the lipid contact zone of the parent enzyme
or addition of at least one amino acid residue to said zone. In a
still further embodiment the first wash lipolytic enzyme is one
which has been prepared from the parent enzyme by modification,
deletion or substitution of at least one amino acid residue outside
the lipid contact zone or addition of at least one amino acid
residue to said zone,the amino acid residue preferably being
located at the surface of the parent enzyme. The mutations within
or outside the lipid contact zone are preferably conducted to as to
improve the substrate binding affinity of the resulting modified
enzyme, conveniently be removal of negative charges as described
above.
Although site-directed mutagenesis following the above principles
(and combined with testing of the resulting enzyme variants for
first wash activity) may be used for the creation of first wash
lipolytic enzymes it is presently preferred to use other methods of
creating first wash lipolytic enzymes. Random mutagenesis, in
particular localized random mutagenesis, as well as in vivo
recombination of homologous genes have been found to be of
particular interest for that purpose--these methods are described
in detail further below.
First Wash Lipolytic Enzyme Modified in a Non-structural Part of
its C- or N-terminus
It has surprisingly been found that it is possible to confer a
first wash effect to a parent lipolytic enzyme or to significantly
enhance the first wash effect of a parent lipolytic enzyme by
applying at least one N-terminal and/or C-terminal peptide addition
at or within a non-structural part of the parent enzyme in its
mature form or by introducing other changes in a non-structural
part of the C-terminal and/or N-terminal end of the parent mature
enzyme.
Accordingly, in a further highly preferred embodiment the first
wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention is a variant of a parent
lipolytic enzyme which, as compared to the parent enzyme, has been
modified at or within a non-structural part of the N- and/or
C-terminal end of the parent enzyme.
The modified enzyme may comprise a peptide addition at either the
N-terminal or the C-terminal end or both in the N- and the
C-terminal ends of the parent lipolytic enzyme. If a peptide
addition is applied to both the N- and the C-terminus of the parent
enzyme, the peptide addition at either terminus may have the same
amino acid sequence or different amino acid sequence. Multiple
copies of the same or different peptide additions may be inserted
or added.
It is presently contemplated that the improved first wash
performance effected by the peptide addition is, at least in part,
due to an increased affinity of the modified lipolytic enzyme
towards its lipid substrate (although this may not be the only
reason). Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment the peptide
addition is one which confer an increased affinity of the modified
enzyme towards its lipid substrate.
For enzymes having a similar three-dimensional structure to that of
the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme the insertion may be made in the
part of said enzyme which corresponds to a "non-structural part" of
the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme.
It is presently believed that the capability of the peptide
addition of providing the desired first wash effect depends on,
e.g., the identity of the parent enzyme to be modified, the
structure (including length) of the peptide addition, the impact of
the peptide addition on the structure of the entire lipolytic
enzyme, the nature or functionality of amino acid residues of the
peptide addition, etc. A prerequisite for the peptide addition
being capable of providing the desired effect is, of course, that
the modified enzyme containing the peptide addition is expressible
in a suitable host organism. The peptide addition to be used in
accordance with this aspect of the invention may be as described in
the above section entitled "Peptide addition". Thus, the general as
well as specific considerations and statements (including the
disclosure as to Length of peptide addition, Stability, Nature of
amino acid residues of the peptide addition, Test of suitability of
peptide addition, and the general formula of peptide additions of
said section) is intended to apply for the peptide addition to be
used according to this aspect of the invention. With respect to
stability the peptide addition should preferably be chosen so as to
provide a modified lipolytic enzyme with a stable peptide addition
and an acceptable structural stability of the parent enzyme.
Thus, the peptide addition to be applied in accordance with this
aspect of the invention may be any of the peptide additions
specified in the above section entitled "Peptide addition". In
addition, it has been found that a suitable peptide addition to
provide a first wash lipolytic enzyme may simply be constituted by
or comprise a part of or the entire propeptide sequence normally
associated with the parent lipolytic enzyme in question. Thus, for
instance in relation to first wash H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme
variants a suitable peptide addition may comprise or be constituted
of SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29)--i.e. part of the normal propeptide
sequence of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme sequence.
The peptide addition of the first wash lipolytic enzyme may be
added to the parent lipolytic enzyme as described in the below
section entitled "Methods of applying a peptide addition to a
parent lipolytic enzyme".
Methods of Applying a Peptide Addition to a Parent Lipolytic
Enzyme
Although a modified enzyme of the invention (including a first wash
lipolytic enzyme comprising a peptide addition) may be obtained by
adding (fusing or inserting) a synthetically produced peptide
addition into the parent lipolytic enzyme in question, it is
presently preferred that the modified (including first wash) enzyme
of the invention is prepared by i) modifying the nucleotide,
preferably DNA, sequence encoding the parent enzyme so as to encode
the desired peptide addition applied to the N- and/or the
C-terminal end(s) of the parent enzyme (e.g. by inserting a nucleic
acid (preferably DNA) sequence encoding the peptide addition at the
relevant location in the nucleic acid (preferably DNA) sequence
encoding the parent enzyme), ii) expressing the resulting modified
nucleic acid (preferably DNA) sequence in a suitable expression
system, and iii) recovering the resulting modified enzyme.
In the present context, the term "applied to" is intended to
indicate that the addition is fused to the N- and/or C-terminal end
(e.g. to the first or last amino acid residue) of the mature enzyme
or inserted into a non-structural part of the N-terminal and/or
C-terminal end of the mature enzyme.
Many enzymes are expressed as "prepro-enzymes", i.e. as enzymes
consisting of the mature enzyme, a secretory signal peptide (i.e.
prepeptide) and a pro-peptide. The prepro-enzyme is processed
intracellularly to be secreted into the fermentation medium, from
which the mature enzyme can be isolated and/or purified. The
peptide addition to the parent enzyme can be carried out by
applying nucleic acid sequences encoding the desirable peptide
additions upstream (for N-terminal peptide additions) and/or
downstream (for C-terminal peptide additions) to the DNA sequence
encoding the parent enzyme.
The insertion should be performed in such a way that the desired
modified enzyme (i.e. having the desired peptide addition(s)) is
expressed and secreted by the host cell after transcription,
translation, and processing of the enzyme. The term "processing"
means in this context removal of pre- and pro-peptides (except, of
course, when the pro-peptide is identical to the desired peptide
addition. This will be dealt with further below).
Downstream sequences (encoding a C-terminal addition) can be
inserted between the DNA sequence encoding the parent enzyme and
the terminating codon. However, if the unprocessed DNA sequence
comprises a pro-peptide encoding DNA sequence at the C-terminal end
the insertion/addition of the DNA sequence encoding the peptide
addition can also take place between the DNA sequences encoding the
pro-peptide and the mature enzyme, respectively.
In most cases it is possible to extend the parent enzyme upstream
by inserting a DNA sequence encoding the peptide addition between
the DNA sequence encoding the pro-peptide or the prepeptide (if no
prosequence is present) and the DNA sequence encoding the mature
enzyme.
The insertion/addition of a DNA sequence encoding the peptide
addition can be carried out by any standard techniques known by any
skilled person in the field of molecular biology, cf., e.g.
Sambrook et al., 1989). This include, e.g., the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) using specific primers, for instance described in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,202 or R. K. Saiki et al., (1988), Science,
239, 487-491, How to provide for the expression and secretion of
adjacent DNA sequence(s) will be described below.
The DNA sequence encoding the peptide addition in question shall,
of course, be chosen so as to match the codon preferences of the
expression system intended for the production of the modified or
first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention.
In connection with the present invention it has been found that
some host cells may be less suited for the production of a desired
modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme, in that part or all of the
peptide addition(s) may be cut off during the posttranslational or
other processesing performed by the host cell. Accordingly, the
term "suitable expression system" is intended to indicate an
expression system (host cell and optionally expression vector)
which allows for at least a portion of an intact desired modified
or first wash lipolytic enzyme to be produced, i.e. an expression
system which does not, e.g. as part of the posttranslational or
other processing by the host cell of choice, remove part or all of
the peptide addition (and thereby produce the enzyme without the
desired peptide addition). Expressed differently, the expression
system (including the host cell, cultivation conditions and/or
recovery conditions) are preferably selected so that at the most a
partial processing of the pre, pro or prepro-form of the lipolytic
enzyme occur resulting in that at least 5%, such as at least 10%,
such as at least 15%, such as at least 20%, such as at least 25%,
such as at least 50%, such as at least 75% of the produced enzyme
molecules comprise the desired peptide addition, e.g. the entire
pro-sequence or a substantial part thereof. Typically, the
expression system to be used is devoid of or reduced in one or more
proteolytic activities exerting the undesired posttranslational
processing, e.g. by abolishing the production of one or more
proteolytic enzymes by the host cell.
The choice of expression system and thus host cell will depend on
the lipolytic enzyme to be produced as will be discussed in detail
further below.
While care must be exerted to select a proper expression system for
producing a modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme of the
invention (in particular when a modified DNA sequence is used for
the production), it has been found that when the peptide addition
constitutes a part of or the entire propeptide sequence it may be
applied by--and thus a modified lipolytic enzyme according to the
invention (having an improved or first wash performance) may be
obtained by--expressing a DNA sequence encoding the parent
lipolytic enzyme in question in an expression system which is
incapable of processing the translated polypeptide in the normal
manner, and thereby results in the production of an enzyme which
comprises a part of or the entire propeptide or a similar peptide
sequence associated with the mature protein prior to its
processing. In this case, the propeptide or similar peptide
sequence constitutes the peptide addition. The pro-peptide or
similar peptide sequence may be heterologous or homologous to the
parent enzyme and can be present in both the N- and C-terminal of
the parent enzyme. The production of a modified or first wash
lipolytic enzyme according to the invention using this latter
technique is described further below.
Accordingly, if a suitable stretch of amino acids is already
encoded in the prepro form of the parent enzyme and this stretch of
amino acids is cut off in the processing of the enzyme by a given
expression system, the peptide addition can be applied by changing
the expression host system to a system in which said processing of
said stretch of amino acids does not occur or modify the gene
sequence to eliminate the post-translation processing, e.g. by
saturating the processing enzyme(s) with one or more copies of a
pro-like peptide (such as one of the peptide additions shown
herein) or by changing the pro-peptide sequence, e.g. to remove a
post-translational processing site. In such a case the secretory
signal pre-peptide will be cut off during or after the secretion,
resulting in a modified enzyme consisting of the parent enzyme
comprising the pro-peptide or part thereof or a similar peptide
sequence encoded by the corresponding DNA sequence, i.e. a
lipolytic enzyme being extended at either its N-terminal or
C-terminal end.
In other words, in a further aspect the invention relates to a
method for increasing the wash performance or other activity of a
parent enzyme (by designing or producing a modified or first wash
lipolytic enzyme), which method comprises (a) cultivating a host
cell transformed with a DNA sequence encoding the parent lipolytic
enzyme including its (pre)pro (i.e. pre, pro or prepro) sequence
under conditions suitable for production of the enzyme comprising
at least a part of the entire pre(pro)-sequence, the host cell
being one which is incapable or inefficient in the processing of
the pro-enzyme to be expressed into the mature enzyme, and
recovering and optionally purifying the resulting modified
enzyme.
The DNA sequence encoding the parent lipolytic enzyme may be the
gene or cDNA sequenceencoding the parent enzyme in its pro or
prepro-form and may be present on an expression vector, when
transformed into the host cell.
The host cell may be of a different origin than the parent enzyme,
e.g. of another genus than the one from which the parent enzyme is
derived, or may have another posttranslational processing machinery
than the source of the parent enzyme. Yeast cells have been found
of particular use for applying peptide additions (in the form of
the propeptide or a part thereof) to parent fungal lipolytic
enzymes, in particular the H. lanuginosa lipase enzyme or H.
lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme variants, due to the different
processesing system of the yeast cells as compared to the
filamentous fungal cells. Examples of suitable yeast cells for said
purpose are cells derived from a strain of Saccharomyces sp., in
particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or a strain of Hansenula
sp.
Preferally, the host cell, cultivation conditions and/or recovery
conditions are selected so that at the most a partical processing
of the pre, pro or prepro-form of the parent enzyme as occurred
resulting in that at least 5%, such as at least 10%, such as at
least 15%, such as at least 20%, such as at least 25%, such as at
least 50%, or at least 75% of the produced modified enzyme
molecules comprise the desired, e.g. the entire pre-sequence, or a
substantial part thereof.
In an alternative and highly preferred embodiment the peptide
addition is designed and applied by means of random mutagenesis
according to the following principle: (a) subjecting a DNA sequence
encoding the parent lipolytic enzyme with a peptide addition to
localized random mutagenesis in the part of the DNA sequence
encoding the peptide addition or a non-structural part of the
C-terminal or N-terminal end of the parent enzyme, (b) expressing
the mutated DNA sequence obtained in step a) in a host cell, and
(c) screening for host cells expressing a mutated lipolytic enzyme
which has an improved performance as compared to the parent
lipolytic enzyme.
When a first wash lipolytic enzyme is prepared the method involves
the further step of d) selecting a mutated lipolytic enzyme among
those resulting from step c) which, when present in detergent
composition A and/or B with 12500 LU/l detergent, is capable of
removing at least 15% more lard from a lard stained swatch, than
the same detergent composition without the enzyme, in a one cycle
wash assay as disclosed herein.
By this approach a number of highly advantageous peptide additions
have been created. The peptide addition present on the DNA sequence
to be mutagenized may be constituted by or comprise the prosequence
or a part thereof normally associated with the parent lipolytic
enzyme or may be any other peptide addition, e.g. one of the
peptide additions exemplified above. The localized random
mutagenesis may be performed essentially as described in WO
95/22615 (i.e. the mutagenesis is performed under conditions in
which only one or more of the above areas are subjected to
mutagenesis).
Subsequent to the mutagenesis the mutated DNA is expressed by
culturing a suitable host cell carrying the DNA sequence under
conditions allowing expression to take place. The host cell used
for this purpose may be one which has been transformed with the
mutated DNA sequence, optionally present on a vector, or one which
carried the DNA sequence encoding the parent enzyme during the
mutagenesis treatment. Examples of suitable host cells are given
below, and is preferably a host cell which is capable of secreting
the mutated enzyme (enabling an easy screening). Yeast cells, such
as cells of S. cereviciae, have been found to be suitable host
cells.
The screening criteria of step c) will have to be chosen in
dependence of the desired properties of the modified lipolytic
enzyme. If it is desirable to construct a modified lipolytic enzyme
with an improved wash performance the screening is conveniently
conducted for a reduced dependency to calcium and/or an improved
tolerance towards a detergent or a detergent component. The
detergent or detergent component may be any of the specific
components mentioned further below in the Detergent Composition
section. A preferred detergent component is a non-ionic or an
anionic surfactant such as an alcohol ethoxylate or LAS, a
preferred detergent is the detergent PCS described in the Materials
and Methods section below. Non-ionic surfactants are of particular
interest for screening of H. lanuginosa type of lipases (e.g.
fungal lipases) whereas anionic surfactants are of interest for
screening of Pseudomonas type lipases.
The screening of step c) is conveniently performed by use of a
filter assay based on the principle described below in the section
entitled "Random Mutagenesis". Also, the type of filter and the
detection of enzymatic activity is as described in that
section.
It will be understood that the screening criteria used in the
filter assay of the invention may be chosen so as to comply with
the desired properties or uses of the enzymes to be screened. For
instance, in a screening for lipolytic enzymes of particular use in
the paper and pulp industry, it may be relevant to screen for an
acid enzyme having an increased temperature stability. This may be
performed by using a buffer with acidic pH (e.g. pH 4) and/or
incubate under higher temperature before or under the assay. For
detergent enzymes screening is normally conducted at alkaline
pH.
Alternatively, the screening may be performed by isolating the
mutated lipolytic enzyme resulting from step b) and testing the
wash performance (or any other relevant property) thereof. Also,
the latter "in vivo" test may be used in addition to the screening
assay so as to identify the best of the mutated lipolytic enzymes
selected in the screening assay. Finally, amino acid sequencing of
the resulting modified lipolytic enzyme may be used to confirm the
amino acid sequence of the peptide addition.
Each of steps a)-d) may be carried out as described in the sections
further below entitled "Random mutagenesis" and "Localized Random
Mutagenesis".
It is also contemplated, according to the invention, to introduce a
mutation in the non-structural part of the C-terminus or N-terminus
of the parent enzyme in its mature form, e.g. by deleting or
replacing a negatively charged amino acid residue of the
non-structural part with a neutral or positively charged amino acid
residue or with a hydrophobic amino acid residue, or replacing a
neutral amino acid residue with a positively charged amino acid
residue.
Parent Lipolytic Enzyme
According to the invention the enzyme of the invention may be any
lipolytic enzyme including lipases, phospholipases, esterases and
cutinases (according to conventional terminology).
It is to be understood that lipolytic enzymes normally comprising
pro- and/or pre-peptides in their unprocessed state as well as
enzymes which do not are contemplated to serve as parent enzymes
for the modification according to the invention.
The parent lipolytic enzyme to be modified in accordance with the
invention may be of any origin. Thus, the enzyme may be of
mammalian, plant, vertebrate or any other origin. However, it is
presently preferred that the enzyme is of microbial origin in that
a number of microbial strains have been found to produce enzymes of
particular use for detergent purposes.
More specifically, the parent lipolytic enzyme may be derived from
a fungus, i.e. a yeast or a filamentous fungus. For instance, the
enzyme may be derived from a filamentous fungus of the class of
Plectomycetes, preferably the order of Eurotiales and more
preferably the family like Eremascaceae, Monoascaceae,
Pseudoeurotiaceae and Trichocomaceae, the latter containing genera
like Emericella, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eupenicillium,
Paecilomyces, Talaromyces, Thermoascus and Sclerocleista. More
specifically, the parent enzyme may be one which is derivable from
a strain of a Humicola sp., e.g. H. brevispora, H. lanuginosa, H.
brevis var. thermoidea and H. insolens (U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,414) or
WO 96/13580, a strain of a Rhizomucorsp., e.g. Rh. miehei (EP
238023), a strain of a Rhizopus sp., e.g. R. delemar (Hass et al.,
(1991), Gene 109, 107-113), R. niveus (Kugimiya et al., (1992)
Biosci.Biotech. Biochem 56, 716-719) or R. oryzae, a strain of a
Candida sp., e.g. C. cylindracea (also called C. rugosa) or C.
antarctica (WO 88/02775) or C. antarctica lipase A or B (EP 214
761), a strain of a Fusarium sp., e.g. F. oxysporum (EP 130,064) or
F. solani pisi (WO 90/09446) or variants thereof (WO 94/14964), F.
solani pisi (GB 2 296 011) a strain of a Venturia spp., e.g. V.
inaequalis, a strain of a Colletotrichum spp., e.g. C.
gloeosporioides, or C. lagenarium, a strain of Geotricum, e.g., G.
candidum (Schimada et al., (1989), J.Biochem., 106, 383-388), a
strain of Aspergillus, e.g. A. niger, or an Aspergillus sp.
lipolytic enzyme variant (EP 167,309), or a strain of a Penicillium
spp., e.g. P. spinulosum or P. camembertii (Yamaguchi et
al.,(1991), Gene 103, 61-67).
In the present context, "derivable from" is intended not only to
indicate an enzyme produced by a strain of the organism in
question, but also an enzyme encoded by a DNA sequence isolated
from such strain and produced in a host organism transformed with
said DNA sequence. Furthermore, the term is intended to indicate an
enzyme which is encoded by a DNA sequence of synthetic and/or cDNA
origin and which has the identifying characteristics of the enzyme
in question. Finally, the term is intended to embrace variants of
the enzyme, e.g. carrying one or more mutations as compared to the
naturally occurring enzyme, or homologous enzymes which may be
naturally-occurring enzymes produced by other strains or organisms,
which, e.g. may be isolated by hybridization to oligonucleotide
probes prepared on the basis of the amino acid or DNA sequence of
any of the above enzymes (the hybridization conditions involving
presoaking in 5.times.SSC and prehybridizing for 1 h at
.about.40.degree. C. in a solution of 20% formamide,
5.times.Denhardt's solution, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, and 50
g of denatured sonicated calf thymus DNA, followed by hybridization
in the same solution supplemented with 100 M ATP for 18h at
.about.40.degree. C., or other methods described by Sambrook et
al., 1989) or which is immunologically cross-reactive with said
enzymes (e.g. as determined by the method of Hudson et al.,
1989).
Of particular interest as a parent lipolytic enzyme is one
derivable from a strain of H. lanuginosa, e.g., the H. lanuginosa
strain DSM 4109, e.g. the mature form of the enzyme described in EP
305 216 or a variant thereof as described in WO 92/05249, WO
94/01541, WO 94/14951, WO 94/25577, PCT/DK94/00079 (all from Novo
Nordisk A/S), which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Throughout the present application the name Humicola lanuginosa has
been used to identify one preferred parent enzyme, i.e., the one
mentioned immediately above. However, in recent years H. lanuginosa
has also been termed Thermomyces lanuginosus (a species introduced
the first time by Tsiklinsky in 1989) since the fungus show
morphological and physiological similarity to Thermomyces
lanuginosus. Accordingly, it will be understood that whenever
reference is made to H. lanuginosa this term could be replaced by
Thermomyces lanuginosus. The DNA encoding part of the 18S ribosomal
gene from Thermomyces lanuginosus (or H. lanuginosa) have been
sequenced. The resulting 18S sequence was compared to other 18S
sequences in the GenBank database and a phylogenetic analysis using
parsimony (PAUP, Version3.1.1, Smithsonian Institution, 1993) have
also been made. This clearly assigns Thermomyces lanuginosus to the
class of Plectomycetes, probably to the order of Eurotiales.
According to the Entrez Browser at the NCBI (National Center for
Biotechnology Information), this relates Thermomyces lanuginosus to
families like Eremascaceae, Monoascaceae, Pseudoeurotiaceae and
Trichocomaceae, the latter containing genera like Emericella,
Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Paecilomyces, Talaromyces.
Thermoascus and Sclerocleista.
The parent lipolytic enzyme to be modified in accordance with the
present invention may be derivable from a bacterium. For instance,
the DNA sequence encoding the parent lipolytic enzyme may be
derivable from a strain of Pseudomonas spp., such as Ps. cepacia,
Ps. alcaligenes, Ps. pseudoalcaligens, Ps. mendocina (also termed
Ps. putida), Ps. syringae, Ps. aeroginosa, Ps. wisconsinensis (WO
96/12012) or Ps. fragi, a strain of Bacillus spp., e.g. B. subtilis
or B. pumilus or a strain of Streptomyces sp., e.g. S. scabies.
In connection with the Pseudomonas sp. lipases it has been found
that lipases from the following organisms have a high degree of
homology, such as at least 60% homology, at least 80% homology or
at least 90% homology, and thus are contemplated to belong to the
same family of lipases: Ps. ATCC 21808, Pseudomonas sp. lipase
commercially available as Liposam.RTM., Ps. aeruginosa EF2, Ps.
aeruginosa PAC1R, Ps. aeruginosa PAO1, Ps. aeruginosa TE3285, Ps.
sp. 109, Ps. pseudoalcaligenes M1, Ps. glumae, Ps. cepacia DSM3959,
Ps. cepacia M-12-33, Ps. sp.
KWI-56, Ps. putida IFO3458, Ps. putida IFO12049 (Gilbert, E. J.,
(1993), Pseudomonas lipases: Biochemical properties and molecular
cloning. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 15, 634-645). The species
Pseudomonas cepacia has recently been reclassified as Burkholderia
cepacia, but is termed Ps. cepacia in the present application.
Specific examples hereof include a Pseudomonas lipolytic enzyme,
e.g. Ps. fragi, Ps. stutzeri, Ps. cepacia and Ps. fluorescens (WO
89/04361), or Ps. plantarii or Ps. gladioli (U.S. Pat. No.
4,950,417) or Ps. alcaligenes and Ps. pseudoalcaligenes (EP 218
272, EP 331 376, or WO 94/25578 (disclosing variants of the Ps.
pseudoalcaligenes lipolytic enzyme with the mutation M21S, M21L or
M21A), the Pseudomonas sp. variants disclosed in EP 407 225, or a
Pseudomonas sp. lipolytic enzyme, such as the Ps. mendocina
lipolytic enzyme described in WO 88/09367 and U.S. Pat. No.
5,389,536 or variants thereof as described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,594,
Other specific examples include a Bacillus lipolytic enzyme, such
as the lipolytic enzyme from B. subtilis (Dartois et al., (1993)
Biochemica et Biophysica acta 1131, 253-260) or B.
stearothermophilus (JP 64/7744992) orB. pumilus (WO 91/16422) and a
Chromobactenum lipolytic enzyme (especially one derivable from C.
viscosum).
Specific examples of readily available commercial lipolytic enzyme
which may serve as parent lipolytic enzymes according to the
invention include Lipolase.RTM., Lipolase.RTM. Ultra (available
from Novo Nordisk A/S).
Examples of other lipolytic enzymes specifically contemplated to be
modifiable according to the invention are Lumafast.RTM.), i.e. a
Ps. mendocina lipolytic enzyme and Lipomax.RTM.), i.e. a Ps.
alcaligenes lipolytic enzyme, a Fusarium solani lipase (cutinase)
from Unilever, a Bacillus sp. lipase from Solvay enzymes (U.S. Pat.
No. 5427936, EP 528828); and Liposam.RTM.), (a Ps. mendocina lipase
from Showa Denko) and further the Pseudomonas sp. lipase described
in WO 95/06720 which have been sequenced and found to have the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:91.
It is to be emphasized that the parent lipolytic enzyme to be
modified according to the invention may be any of the above
mentioned lipolytic enzymes and any variant, modification, or
truncation thereof. Examples of such parent enzymes which are
specifically contemplated include the enzymes described in
WO92/05249, WO 94/01541, WO 94/14951, WO 94/25577, WO 95/22615 and
a protein engineered lipase variants as described in EP 407 225; a
protein engineered Ps. mendocina lipase as described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,352,594; a cutinase variant as described in WO 94/14964; a
variant of an Aspergillus lipolytic enzyme as described in EP
patent 167,309; and Pseudomonas sp. lipase described in WO
95/06720.
In the most preferred embodiment the parent enzyme is derived from
a strain of a Humicola sp. or or from a strain of a Pseudomonas sp.
or a genus considered to belong to the Pseudomonas family.
In a specific embodiment of the invention the DNA sequence encoding
the parent enzyme with lipolytic activity (to be processed into a
modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention) is the
DNA sequence encoding the enzyme with lipolytic activity derived
from the filamentous fungi Humicola lanuginosa described in EP 305
216. The amino acid sequence of the parent enzyme is in this case
that of the secreted mature enzyme.
It is presently contemplated that the washing performance and/or
thermostability of the modified enzyme of the invention may be
further improved if the enzyme is glycosylated. Accordingly, in an
embodiment of the invention the modified enzyme may be
glycosylated. The amino acid sequence may have any degree of
glycosylation.
Specific First Wash H. lanuginosa Lipolytic Enzyme Variants
For ease of reference specific variants of the invention are
described by use of the following nomenclature: Original amino
acid(s):position(s):substituted amino acid(s)
According to this nomenclature, for instance the replacement of
aspartic acid by valine in position 96 is shown as: Asp 96 Val or
D96V
a deletion of aspartic acid in the same position is shown as: Asp
96* or D96*
and insertion of an additional amino acid residue such as lysine is
shown as: Asp 96 ValLys or D96VK
Multiple mutations are separated by pluses, i.e.: Asp 96 Val+Glu 87
Lys or D96V+E87K
representing mutations in positions 96 and 87 replacing aspartic
acid and glutamic acid by valine and lysine, respectively.
When one or more alternative amino acid residues may be inserted in
a given position it is indicated as D96V,N or D96V or D96N.
Furthermore, when a position suitable for modification is
identified herein without any specific modification being
suggested, it is to be understood that any amino acid residue may
be substituted for the amino acid residue present in the position.
Thus, for instance, when a modification of an aspartic acid in
position 96 is mentioned, but not specified, it is to be understood
that the aspartic acid may be deleted or replaced by any other
amino acid, i.e. any one of R,N,A,C,Q,E,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V,
or a further amino acid residue inserted at that position.
Finally, when a mutation of the parent H. lanuginosa lipolytic
enzyme is identified herein, it is intended to be understood to
include a mutation of an amino acid residue occupying a homologous
position in a lipolytic enzyme which has substantially the same
structure as or a structure or amino acid sequence which can be
aligned with that of the H. lanuginosa enzyme (e.g. Rhizopus
oryzae, Rhizomucor miehei, Absidia sp. and Penicillium camembertii
lipolytic enzymes mentioned herein). The homologous position can
easily be identified by comparison between the structures.
The first wash H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme variants may be
characterized by being a combination of at least two different
parent variants which indvidually have been found or indicated to
have a good wash performance or otherwise interesting properties as
described above. The good wash performance may e.g. be determined
as described in Example 13. The combination between the parent
variants may be random or specific. In connection with the present
invention it has been found that particularly interesting results
are obtained when the parent variants to be combined contains a
mutation in at least one, but preferably more of the following
positions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 49, 53, 56, 57, 59, 62, 83, 85, 90,
94, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 111, 116, 126, 127, 137, 167, 170, 181,
187, 210, 221, 225, 234, 239, 249, 252 256, 263, 264, 267, such as
at least one or preferably more of the following mutations: E1K,
E1S, V2G, S3T, Q4P, D5E, A19T, A49P, Y53C, E56K, D57G, G59V, D62R,
S83T, S85F, 190F, N94K, F95L, D96A, D96H, D96L, L97M, E99K, N101S,
D102Y, D111N, S116P, Q126R, K127C, D137G, D167G, S170P, F181L,
V187A, E210K, E210V, W221L, W221A, G225P, D234R, D234Y, E239C,
Q249R, 1252L, P256T, G263A, L264Q, T267R. It will be understood
that the above mutations or mutated positions may be present on the
same parent lipolytic enzyme, but preferably on various of the
different parent lipolytic enzymes to be combined.
In particular, it has been found that a first wash H. lanuginosa
lipolytic enzyme of the invention may be a combination of at least
two of the following parent H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme variants
or parts of these variants: (a) E56R+D57L+I90F+D96L+E99K (b)
E56R+D57L+V60M+D62N+S83T+D96P+D102E (c) D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M (d)
E87K+G91A+D96R+I100V+E129K+K237M+I252L+P256T+G263A+L264Q (e)
E56R+D57G+S58F+D62C+T64R+E87G+G91A+F95L+D96P+K98I (f) E210K (g)
S83T+N94K+D96N (h) E87K+D96V (i) N94K+D96A (j) E87K+G91A+D96A (k)
D167G+E210V (l) S83T+G91A+Q249R (m) E87K+G91A (n)
S83T+E87K+G91A+N94K+D96N+D111N (o) N73D+E87K+G91A+N941+D96G (p)
L67P+I76V+S83T+E87N+I90N+G91 A+D96A+K98R (q)
S83T+E87K+G91A+N92H+N94K+D96M (s) S85P+E87K+G91A+D96L+L97V (t)
E87K+I90N+G91A+N94S+D96N+I100T (u)
I34V+S54P+F80L+S85T+D96G+R108W+G109V+D111G+S116P+L124S+V132M+V140Q+V141A+F
142S+H145R+N162T+I166V+F181P+F183S+R205G+A243T+D254G+F262L, (v)
N94K, D96A, Q249R, (w) E87K, G91A, D96W, D102N.
Methods suitable for combining different parent variants are
described below in the section in entitled "Combination of DNA
sequences encoding lipolytic enzymes". A particular suitable method
is the one described in Materials and Methods section herein.
In another embodiment the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the
invention is a variant of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme (the
amino acid sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID No. 15) which
comprises a mutation in at least one, but preferably more of the
following positions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 49, 53, 56, 57, 59, 62, 83,
85, 90, 94, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 111, 116, 126, 127, 137, 167,
170, 181, 187, 210, 221, 225, 234, 239, 249, 252 256, 263, 264,
267, such as at least one or preferably more of the following
mutations, E1K, E1S, V2G, S3T, Q4P, D5E, A19T, A49P, Y53C, E56K,
D57G, G59V, D62R, S83T, S85F, 190F, N94K, F95L, D96A, D96H, D96L,
L97M, E99K, N101S, D102Y, D111N, S116P, Q126R, K127C, D137G, D167G,
S170P, F181L, V187A, E210K, E210V, W221L, W221A, G225P, D234R,
D234Y, E239C, Q249R, I252L, P256T, G263A, L264Q, T267R.
In a more specific embodiment the first wash lipolytic enzyme of
the invention is a variant of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme
(the amino acid sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID No. 15), in
which at least one of the following amino acid residues has been
replaced with another amino acid residue: A49, G59, S85, I90, S116,
Q126, D137, S170 or W221.
Although the above identified amino acid residues may be replaced
by any other of the 19 possible amino acid residues it is preferred
that the amino acid residue is replaced as follows: A49P, G59V,
S85F, 190F, S116P, Q126R, D137G, S170P or W221L or by an amino acid
residue belonging to the same charge group (cf the definition
below) as that of the inserted amino acid residue, e.g. A49T
instead of A49P. If a negatively charged amino acid residue is
replaced, e.g. D137, it is preferred that it is replaced by an
amino acid residue belonging to the positive charge group or the
neutral group, e.g. D137G,N,K, as defined below: Negative charge
group: D,E Positive charge group: K,R,H Neutral group:
I,C,S,T,P,W,M,G,A,P,N,Y,Q,L,V.
It is contemplated that a variant comprising a mutation in the
following positions is capable of exhibiting first wash activity or
improved wash performance: D57X+N94(K or R)+D96X+L97X+Q249(K or R)
N94(K or R)+D96X+L97X+Q249(K or R) N94(K or R)+D96X+Q249(K or R)
D137X+D167X+E210X+W221X D137X+D167X+E210X I90X+D96X+E99X+V187X
I90X+D96X+E99X I90(F or W or Y)+D96X+E99X
E56X+D57X+D62X+S85X+D96X+D102X+E210X N94(K or R)+F95L+D96X+D234X,
in which X, may be any amino acid residue and may be identical,
pairwise identical or different.
In one embodiment, a first wash H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme
variant of the invention may comprise one of the following sets of
mutations: D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R D57G+N94K+D96L+S116P+Q249R
D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+Q249R D57G+N94K+D96L+S116P+S170P+Q249R
D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+S170P+Q249R D57G+N94K+D96L+S170P+Q249R
D167G+E210V+Q249R E56K+D167G+E210V D137G+D167G+E210V+Q249R
D167G+E210V+W221L+Q249R D57G+N94K+F95L+D96H,L+Q249R
D57G+N94K+D96L+E210K D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+S116P+S170P+Q249R
S3R+D137G+D167G+E210V+W221L D137G+D167G+E210V+W221L+N233R
S3R+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+D233R
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+D234Y I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T231R
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A D62R+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+N200R+R209A
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R+N200R+R209A D57G+D62R+N94K+D96L+Q249R
D57G+N94K+D96L+N200R+R209A+Q249R D57G+N94K+D96L+T199R+N200R+Q249R
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R D57G+N94K+D96L+T199R+R209A+Q249R
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+P253R
I90F+D96L+E99k+D137G+D167G+V187A+Q249R
I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+V187A+Q249R D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R
V2P+N94K+D96L+Q249R V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R V2R+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R
V2R+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R V2R+S3W+N94K+D96L+Q249R
V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R N94K+D96L+Q249R
V2G+S3T+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R
V2G+S3T+Q4P+D5E+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R
V2G+D5Q+L6M+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R
The following variants are of particular interest:
D57G+G59V+N94K+D96L+L97M+S116P+S170P+Q249R A49P+D167G+E210V
E56K+D57G+D62R+S83T+S85F+D96L+D102Y+E210K D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R
D137G+D167G+E210V+W221L
N94K+F95L+D96H+N101S+F181L+D234Y+I252L+P256T+G263A+L264Q
I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A N94K+D96A+Q249R A19P+D167G+E210V+W221L
N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R
I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+V187A N94K+D96L+E99K+Q249R
N94K+D96L+E99K+T231R+N233R+D234R+Q249R
N94K+D96L+E99K+D111N+F211A+G225P+Q249R+T267R
N94K+D96L+E99K+D111N+F211A+G225P+T231 R+N233R+D234R+Q249R+T267R
E1K+N94K+D96L+E99K+Q249R N94K+D96L+K223R+Q249R N94K+D96L+E99K+N233R
N94K+D96L+E99K+T231R+N233R+Q249R N94K+D96L+E99K+N233R+Q249R
N94K+D96L+E99K+D234R+Q249R
The variant of the invention may advantageously comprise an
additional mutation in position E1, the mutation being a deletion
of E1 or a replacement of E by any other amino acid residue, in
particular P or S.
In addition the above specific variants may comprise any of the
N-terminal or C-terminal peptide extensions discussed herein (in
particular in the section entitled "Peptide Additions"), specific
examples of which are SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29), TAIRPRK (SEQ ID NO:46),
SPIRPRP(SEQ ID NO:31), SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35), RP, GPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:48), SRSRHNA (SEQ ID NO:50), SALRPRK (SEQ ID NO:87), STRRPRP
(SEQ ID NO:47), SPRRPRT (SEQ ID NO:33), APPPRPRPLLPIS (SEQ ID
NO:89), SPIRK (SEQ ID NO: 22), SPPRPRP (SEQ ID NO:152), WP,
SPPPRPRP (SEQ ID NO:64), SPIRRP (SEQ ID NO:24), APPPRPRPRPR (SEQ ID
NO:60) or SPIRPR (SEQ ID NO:31). An N-terminal extension is e.g.
applied to the amino acid residue E1 of the mature parent lipase or
is applied to amino acid residue 2-20, such as 2, 3,4 or 5 of the
mature parent enzyme, the residue E1 (and optionally more amino
acid residues of the non-structural part of the parent enzyme, e.g.
amino acid residues within the 2-20 N-terminal part of the mature
parent enzyme) being deleted. In addition, the peptide addition may
be applied so that the one or more of the last amino acid residues
of the peptide extensions mentioned herein replaces the amino acid
residue(s) of the mature parent enzyme occupying position 1, and
optionally 2 and further positions. For instance, the peptide
extension "SPPRRP" (SEQ ID NO:35) may be applied by substituting E1
of the mature parent H. lanuginosa lipase with the last "P" of the
peptide addition and substituting the wildtype propeptide "SPIRR"
(SEQ ID NO:29) with "SPPRR" (SEQ ID NO:25).
When no replacements are to be performed in the N-terminal part of
the mature parent enzyme, the N-terminal addition may be applied
either as a result of the variants having been expressed in S.
cerevisiae (if the N-terminal extension is identical to (a part of)
the propeptide of the parent enzyme, or more preferably by the
relevant modification of the part of the DNA sequence encoding the
parent enzyme, which encodes the (pre)pro sequence or another
sequence downstream of the codon encoding amino acid residue 1 of
the mature parent enzyme.
The presently most preferred variants of the inventions include:
SPIRPRP(SEQ ID NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+V187A SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R SPPPRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:64)+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+D137G+D167G+E21V+W221L E1SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A E1SRKRKRK(SEQ ID
NO:146)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A E1SPRIKPRIK (SEQ ID
NO:147)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+D62R+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+N200R+R209A E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R+N200R+R209A E1SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+D62R+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+N200R+R209A+Q249R E1 SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+T199R+N200R+Q249R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+T199R E1SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+T199R+R209A+Q249R E1SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+V187A+P253R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+D167G+V187A+Q249R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+I90F+D96L+E99K+D137G+V187A+Q249R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+D96L+E99K+V187A+Q249R E1SPPRPR(SEQ ID
NO:38)+V2P+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPWWP(SEQ ID
NO:39)+V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPWRP(SEQ ID
NO:40)+V2R+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPRWP(SEQ ID
NO:41)+V2R+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPWWP(SEQ ID
NO:39)+V2R+S3W+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPRWP(SEQ ID
NO:41)+V2W+S3R+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPRWP(SEQ ID
NO:41)+V2R+S3W+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPRWP(SEQ ID
NO:41)+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID NO:35)+N94K+D96L+Q249R
E1APPPRPRPRPRP(SEQ ID NO:60)+V2G+S3T+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R
E1APPPRTRPRPRS(SEQ ID
NO:61)+V2G+S3T+Q4P+D5E+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R E1
APPPKASPRQRP(SEQ ID NO:67)+V2G+D5Q+L6M+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R
SCIRR(SEQ ID NO:30)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+D57G+N94K+D96L+Y53C+K127C+Q249R E1SPPRRPR(SEQ ID
NO:148)+V2R+S3P+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPWPRP(SEQ ID
NO:76)+V2R+S3P+N94K+D96L+Q249R E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID
NO:35)+N94K+D96L+E99K E1SPPRRP(SEQ ID NO:35)+N94K+D96L+E99K+Q249R
E1SPPCGRRP(SEQ ID NO:149)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R E1SPCRPRP(SEQ ID
NO: 150)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R SPPCRRRP(SEQ ID
NO:151)+N94K+D96L+E239C+Q249R
or is one of the variants disclosed in the Examples hereinafter.
When an N-terminal extension is present in the above specified
variants the nomenclature "E1 . . . " is intended to indicate that
the E in position 1 has been replaced by the last amino acid
residue of the peptide addition listed after "E1", the remaining
residues having been fused to the amino acid residue occupying
position 1, For instance, "E1SPPEQP" is intended to indicate that
amino acid residue E1 has been replaced by "P" and that the
remaining residues "SPPEQ" have been fused to E1P. In practice,
such variants are conveniently constructed by replacing amino acid
residues (-5)-(-1) of the unprocessed parent enzyme with the
relevant amino acid residues of the peptide extension and replacing
E1 with the relevant amino acid residue, the replacements being
performed by introducing the relevant mutations in the
corresponding DNA sequence, and subsequently produce the resulting
variant in an expression system allowing at least a portion of the
expressed variants to maintain their N-terminal extension (as is
further disclosed herein). Where no replacements of E1 are
indicated the N-terminal peptide addition is simply fused to the
amino acid residue occupying position 1 of the mature parent
enzyme.
The above variants have initially been constructed using the random
mutagenesis and/or gene shuffling methods of the invention and
subsequently characterized with respect to the thereby introduced
mutations. It will be apparent that an alternative method of
constructing these variants would be based on site-directed
mutagenesis using suitable oligonucleotide probes in accordance
with methods known in the art.
It is contemplated that the good washing performance/first wash
activity will be maintained when one of the above specific
individual mutations is replaced by a mutation to an amino acid
residue belonging to the same charge group as the above suggested
mutation. For instance, the mutation N94K may be replaced by N94R,
H, the "G" in mutation D137G or D167G maybe replaced by one of the
other amino acid residues belonging to the neutral group, etc.
Furthermore, it may be advantageous to replace an amino acid
residue of the neutral group with one belonging to the positive
charge group, e.g. the "G" in D137G and D167G, respectively, may be
replaced with a K, R or H resulting in the mutations D137K,R,H and
D167K, R,H, respectively.
As already mentioned the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme is
structurally closely related to other lipolytic enzymes such as
those derivable from Rhizomucor miehei, Penicillium camembertii,
Absidia sp. and the various Rhizopus sp. disclosed herein.
Accordingly, it is believed that modifications corresponding to
those mentioned above in H. lanuginosa lipase and introduced into
homologous positions in other structurally related lipolytic enzyme
will also be functional with respect to the first wash performance.
Accordingly, in a further aspect the invention relates to a first
wash variant of a parent lipolytic enzyme which has an amino acid
sequence or a three-dimensional structure which can be aligned with
the H. lanuginosa lipase amino acid sequence or structure (with
e.g. at least 20% sequence identity allowing gaps or an overall
protein similarity of at least 50%, such as at leas 60% or 70%
using the UWGGG GAP programme or a "structural" similarity), the
amino acid sequence of which has been modified so as to introduce
mutations corresponding to those of the H. lanuginosa lipase
mentioned above and/or to introduce amino acid residues found in
the wildtype H. lanuginsa lipase into the parent lipolytic enzyme
in question. The amino acid residues or positions to be modified in
the structurally or sequence homologous lipases may be identified
from an alignment of the relevant structure/sequence with that of
the H. lanuginosa lipase. Such variants may be constructed by a
method of constructing a first wash lipolytic enzyme variant
prepared from a parent lipolytic enzyme exhibiting structural
and/or sequence homology to the H. lanuginosa lipase (such
lipolytic enzymes being identified above), which method comprises
aligning the sequence of the parent enzyme in question with that of
the H. lanuginosa lipase or a first wash variant thereof or
superimposing the structure of the parent enzyme in question with
that of the H. lanuginosa lipase or variant, identifying the
position(s) in the parent enzyme which are homologous to
position(s) of the H. lanuginosa lipase or variant believed to be
essential for achieving first wash activity (cf the mutations
disclosed above), and replacing the amino acid residue occupying
the relevant position(s) according to t, and producing the
resulting variant enzyme.
Cloning a DNA Sequence Encoding a Parent Lipolytic Enzyme
The DNA sequence encoding a parent lipolytic enzyme from which a
modified or a first wash lipolytic enzyme is created in accordance
with the present invention may be isolated from any cell or
microorganism producing the parent enzyme in question by use of
methods known in the art.
For instance, the DNA sequence may be isolated by establishing a
cDNA or genomic library from an organism expected to harbour the
sequence, and screening for positive clones by conventional
procedures. Examples of such procedures are hybridization to
oligonucleotide probes prepared on the basis of the amino acid or
DNA sequence of the parent enzyme (if sequence information is
available) or of a related lipolytic enzyme (if sequence
information as to the parent enzyme is not available) in accordance
with standard techniques (cf. Sambrook et al., 1989), and/or
selection for clones expressing lipolytic activity, and/or
selection for clones producing a protein which is reactive with an
antibody raised against a parent lipolytic enzyme. For instance,
the DNA sequence may be isolated from a genomic or DNA library
prepared from the relevant organism or may be obtained by
expression cloning, e.g. as described in WO 93/11249.
A preferred method of isolating a DNA sequence encoding a parent
lipolytic enzyme to be modified in accordance with the invention
from a cDNA or genomic library is by use of polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) using degenerate oligonucleotide probes prepared on
the basis of DNA or amino acid sequence of the parent enzyme. For
instance, the PCR may be carried out using the techniques described
in U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,202 or by R. K. Saiki et al. (1988).
Alternatively, the DNA sequence encoding the parent enzyme may be
prepared synthetically by established standard methods, e.g. the
phosphoamidite method described by Beaucage and Caruthers (1981),
or the method described by Matthes et al. (1984). According to the
phosphoamidite method, oligonucleotides are synthesized, e.g. in an
automatic DNA synthesizer, purified, annealed, ligated and cloned
in appropriate vectors.
Finally, the DNA sequence encoding the parent enzyme may be
prepared from DNA of mixed genomic and synthetic, mixed synthetic
and cDNA or mixed genomic and cDNA origin prepared by ligating
fragments of synthetic, genomic or cDNA origin (as appropriate),
the fragments corresponding to various parts of the entire DNA
sequence encoding the parent enzyme, in accordance with standard
techniques.
Methods of Constructing of First Wash Lipolytic Enzyme Variants
As will be apparent from the brief description of the invention the
present inventors have developed a very efficient method for
creating lipolytic enzymes capable of removing a substantial amount
of fatty matter during a one wash cycle assay as described
herein.
Thus, in one highly preferred embodiment the first wash lipolytic
enzyme of the invention is a variant of a naturally-occurring
parent lipolytic enzyme which is the result of a process comprising
at least the following steps: (a) expressing a variety of mutated
DNA sequences originating from a parent lipolytic enzyme in
suitable host cells; (b) screening for host cells expressing a
mutated lipolytic enzyme which has a decreased dependence on
calcium and/or an improved tolerance towards a detergent or a
detergent component as compared to the parent lipolytic enzyme; and
(c) selecting a mutated lipolytic enzyme among those resulting from
step (b) which, when present in detergent composition A or B in a
concentration of 12500 LU/l, is capable of removing at least 15%
more lard from a lard stained swatch, than the same detergent
composition without the enzyme, in a one cycle wash assay as
described herein.
The variety of mutated DNA sequences referred to in step (a) may
conveniently be obtained by subjecting a DNA sequence encoding the
parent lipolytic enzyme to mutagenesis to form mutated DNA
sequences. Although the mutagenesis may be performed by any
suitable method, such as by site-directed mutagenesis, it is
presently preferred that the mutagenesis is carried out as a random
mutagenesis. Thus, by use of random mutagenesis it is possible to
create a much higher number of mutated DNA sequences than would be
possible by use of site-directed mutagenesis. The random
mutagenesis is explained in further detail below in the section
entitled "Random mutagenesis". In that section it is also described
how one or more of the steps (a)-(c) of the method may be repeated
one or more times in order to make successive improvements. For
instance, the mutated lipolytic enzyme selected from the first
round of steps (a)-(c) is subjected to a second round of the method
in which the screening step (b) involves selection at more
stringent conditions than those used in the screening step (b) of
the first round thereby selecting for mutated lipolytic enzymes
which has a decreased calcium dependence and/or an improved
tolerance towards a detergent or a detergent component as compared
to the mutated lipolytic enzyme resulting from the first round.
Random Mutagenesis
The random mutagenesis of the DNA sequence encoding the parent
lipolytic enzyme (or the peptide addition) to be performed in
accordance with step a) of the above methods (cf the sections
"Methods of applying a peptide addition to a parent lipolytic
enzyme" and "Methods of constructing of first wash lipolytic
enzymes") may conveniently be performed by use of any method known
in the art.
For instance, the random mutagenesis may be performed by use of a
suitable physical or chemical mutagenizing agent, by use of a
suitable oligonucleotide, or by subjecting the DNA sequence to PCR
generated mutagenesis. Furthermore, the random mutagenesis may be
performed by use of any combination of these mutagenizing
agents.
The mutagenizing agent may, e.g., be one which induces transitions,
transversions, inversions, scrambling, deletions, and/or
insertions.
Examples of a physical or chemical mutagenizing agent suitable for
the present purpose includes ultraviolet (UV) irradiation,
hydroxylamine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG),
O-methyl hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, ethyl methane sulphonate
(EMS), sodium bisulphite, formic acid, gamma irradiation,
1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), and nucleotide
analogues.
When such agents are used the mutagenesis is typically performed by
incubating the DNA sequence encoding the parent enzyme to be
mutagenized in the presence of the mutagenizing agent of choice
under suitable conditions for the mutagenesis to take place, and
selecting for mutated DNA having the desired properties.
When the mutagenesis is performed by the use of an oligonucleotide,
the oligonucleotide may be doped or spiked with the three
non-parent nucleotides during the synthesis of the oligonucleotide
at the positions wanted to be changed. The doping or spiking may be
done so that codons for unwanted amino acids are avoided by
lowering the amount of or completely avoiding the nucleotides
resulting in these codons. State of the art knowledge and computer
programs can be used for calculating the most optimal nucleotide
mixture for a given amino acid preference. The doped or spiked
oligonucleotide can be incorporated into the DNA encoding the
lipolytic enzyme by any published technique using e.g. PCR, LCR or
any DNA polymerase and ligase.
When PCR generated mutagenesis is used either a chemically treated
or non-treated gene encoding a parent lipolytic enzyme is subjected
to PCR under conditions that increases the misincorporation of
nucleotides (Deshler 1992, Leung et al. 1989).
A mutator strain of E. coli (Fowler et al. 1974), S. cerevisiae or
any other microbial organism may be used for the random mutagenesis
of the DNA encoding the lipolytic enzyme by e.g. transforming a
plasmid containing the parent enzyme into the mutator strain,
growing the mutator strain with the plasmid and isolating the
mutated plasmid from the mutator strain. The mutated plasmid may
subsequently be transformed into the expression organism.
The DNA sequence to be mutagenized may conveniently be present in a
genomic or cDNA library prepared from an organism expressing the
parent lipolytic enzyme. Alternatively, the DNA sequence may be
present on a suitable vector such as a plasmid or a bacteriophage,
which as such may be incubated with or otherwise exposed to the
mutagenizing agent. The DNA to be mutagenized may also be present
in a host cell either by being integrated in the genome of said
cell or by being present on a vector harboured in the cell.
Finally, the DNA to be mutagenized may be in isolated form. The DNA
sequence to be subjected to random mutagenesis is preferably a cDNA
or a genomic DNA sequence.
In some cases it may be convenient to amplify the mutated DNA
sequence prior to the expression or screening being performed. Such
amplification may be performed in accordance with methods known in
the art, the presently preferred method being PCR generated
amplification using oligonucleotide primers prepared on the basis
of the DNA or amino acid sequence of the parent enzyme.
Subsequent to the incubation with or exposure to the mutagenizing
agent, the mutated DNA is expressed by culturing a suitable host
cell carrying the DNA sequence under conditions allowing expression
to take place. The host cell used for this purpose may be one which
has been transformed with the mutated DNA sequence, optionally
present on a vector, or one which carried the DNA sequence encoding
the parent enzyme during the mutagenesis treatment. Examples of
suitable host cells are given below. It is particularly preferred
to use a yeast cell as a host cell, in particular when the parent
lipolytic enzyme is derived from a fungus such as a filamentous
fungus or yeast. The mutated DNA sequence may further comprise a
DNA sequence encoding functions permitting expression of the
mutated DNA sequence.
It will be understood that the screening criteria mentioned in step
(c) ("Methods of applying a peptide addition to a parent lipolytic
enzyme") and (b) ("Methods of constructing first wash lipolytic
enzymes") of the method of the invention have been carefully
selected. Thus, without being limited to any theory the screening
for a decreased dependency on calcium at alkaline pH (pH above 7)
is believed to result in variants having an over-all improved
performance in that the requirement for calcium may be considered a
limiting factor for optimal activity, in particular under most wash
conditions which are caracterized by the fact that the
concentration of free calcium ions is deliberately lowered by
chelating agents in the detergent matrix (builders).
The detergent or detergent component towards which the variant has
improved tolerance may be of any type, e.g. as further described
below. Preferably, the detergent component is a non-ionic, anionic,
cationic, zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactant. Examples of
non-ionic surfactants include an alcohol ethoxylate, examples of
anionic surfactants include LAS, alkyl sulphate, alcohol ethoxy
sulphate and the like. The choice of detergent will, e.g., depend
on the inherent weakness (in relation to detergent tolerances) of
the parent lipolytic enzyme.
In relation Humicola lanuginosa lipolytic enzymes and homologous
enzymes (such as the Penicillium, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus and Absidia
sp. lipolytic enzymes), it is contemplated that an improved
tolerance towards a non-ionic surfactant alcohol ethoxylate, a
commercially available example of which is Dobanol.RTM. 25-7, may
be indicative of improved wash performance. In relation to
Pseudomonas type lipolytic enzymes such as P. pseudoalcaligenes, P.
cepacia, it is contemplated that an improved tolerance towards an
anionic surfactant such as an alkyl sulphate (a commerically
available example of which is NEODOL 45) or LAS (a commercially
available example of which is Nansa 1169/P) may be indicative of
improved wash performance.
The screening of step (c) ("Methods of applying a peptide addition
to a parent lipolytic enzyme") or (b) ("Methods of constructing
first wash lipolytic enzymes") is conveniently performed by use of
a filter assay based on the following principle:
A microorganism capable of expressing the mutated lipolytic enzyme
of interest is incubated on a suitable medium and under suitable
conditions for the enzyme to be secreted, the medium being provided
with a double filter comprising a first protein-binding filter and
on top of that a second filter exhibiting a low protein binding
capability. The microorganism is located on the second filter.
Subsequent to the incubation, the first filter comprising enzymes
secreted from the microorganisms is separated from the second
filter comprising the microorganisms. The first filter is subjected
to screening for the desired enzymatic activity and the
corresponding microbial colonies present on the second filter are
identified.
Alternatively, the second filter carrying the colonies may be used
directly on the screening plate. This makes it easier to pick the
right colonies and in some cases gives a stronger signal. And using
only one filter, either protein binding or none-protein binding is
sufficient in many cases.
The filter used for binding the enzymatic activity may be any
protein binding filter e.g. nylon or nitrocellulose. The topfilter
carrying the colonies of the expression organism may be any filter
that has no or low affinity for binding proteins e.g. cellulose
acetate or Durapore.TM.. The filter may be pretreated with any of
the conditions to be used for screening or may be treated during
the detection of enzymatic activity.
The enzymatic activity may be detected by a dye, fluorescence,
precipitation, pH indicator, IR-absorbance or any other known
technique for detection of enzymatic activity.
The detecting compound may be immobilized by any immobilizing agent
e.g. agarose, agar, gelatine, polyacrylamide, starch, filter paper,
cloth; or any combination of immobilizing agents.
Lipolytic activity may be detected by Brilliant green, Rhodamine B
or Sudan Black in combination with a lipid e.g. olive oil or lard.
The screening criteria for identifying variants of parent lipolytic
enzymes having improved washing performance may be e.g. EGTA, EDTA,
non-ionic and/or anionic tensides, alkaline pH, or any detergent
composition in combination with one of the above detectors of
enzymatic activity.
Subsequent to the screening in step (c) ("Methods of applying a
peptide addition to a parent lipolytic enzyme") or (b) ("Methods of
constructing first wash lipolytic enzymes") lipolytic enzymes
having desired properties (i.e. as defined by the screening
criteria) are isolated and their first wash capability tested in
the one cycle wash assay described in the Materials and Methods
section herein.
If the first wash activity of the enzyme is not sufficiently good
after one round of the above treatment, the enzyme may be modified,
e.g. by site-directed or random mutagenesis in order to improve the
first wash activity of the enzyme, e.g. in accordance with any of
the principles given further above for modifacation of lipases to
achieve a first wash performance.
Most conveniently, the host cells produced in step (c) ("Methods of
applying a peptide addition to a parent lipolytic enzyme") or (b)
("Methods of constructing first wash lipolytic enzymes") are
subjected to further rounds of mutagenesis as defined in steps
(a)-(b) and optionally (c) (for the method outlined in "Methods of
applying a peptide addition to a parent lipolytic enzyme") above,
conveniently by using more stringent selection criteria than
employed in a previous mutagenesis treatment. The further round(s)
of mutagenesis may be random, localized random or site-directed so
as to introduce previously identified advantageous mutations, in
particular D96L, Q249R, E87K, D254K, E210K or to introduce random
mutations in selected regions, e.g. the lipid contact zone, in
particular random mutations with doped or spiked oligonucleotides
towards introduction of positive and/or hydrophobic amino acid
residues, or to introduce any of the other specific mutations
mentioned herein. Alternatively, genes encoding different
homologous parent lipolytic enzymes may be combined in a random
manner in order to obtain a novel variant carrying one or more
mutations from each variant. This is discussed in further detail
below in the section entitled "Combination of DNA sequences
encoding lipolytic enzymes".
The host cells selected for in step (c) ("Methods of applying a
peptide addition") or (b) ("Methods of constructing first wash
lipolytic enzymes") may be used directly for the production of the
variant of the lipolytic enzyme. Alternatively, DNA encoding the
variant may be isolated from the host cell and inserted into
another suitable host cell, conveniently by use of the procedure
described below in the section entitled "Expression of a variant of
the invention", in which suitable host cells are also listed.
Localized Random Mutagenesis
In accordance with the invention the random mutagenesis may
advantageously be located to a part of the parent lipolytic enzyme
in question. This may, e.g., be advantageous when a certain region
of the enzyme has been identified to be of particular importance
for a given property of the enzyme, and which, when modified, is
expected to result in a variant having improved properties. Such
region may normally be identified when the tertiary structure of
the parent enzyme has been elucidated and related to the function
of the enzyme.
One area of particular interest for modification amino acid
residues located at the surface of the parent enzyme within or
outside the lipid contact zone, i.e. the part of the lipolytic
enzyme which is in contact with the lipid substrate and e.g.
comprising the lid region, the hydrophobic cleft or any part of
these structures. Another area of interest for lipolytic enzymes of
the invention which contains a peptide addition or another
modification within a non-structural part of the N-terminal or
C-terminal end of the mature parent enzyme.
The localized random mutagenesis is conveniently performed by use
of PCR generated mutagenesis techniques as described above or any
other suitable technique known in the art. Especially for
mutagenizing large peptide additions, it may be relevant to use PCR
generated mutagenesis (e.g. as described by Deshler 1992 or Leung
et al., 1989), in which one or more suitable oligonucleotide probes
are used which flanks the area to be mutagenized. For mutagenesis
of shorter peptide additions, it is more preferably perform the
localized random mutagenesis by use of doped or spiked
oligonucleotides. The doping or spiking is used, e.g., to avoid
codons for unwanted amino acid residues or to increase the
likelihood that a particular type of amino acid residue, such as a
positively charged or hydrophobic amino acid residue, is introduced
at a desired position.
Alternatively, the DNA sequence encoding the part of the DNA
sequence to be modified may be isolated, e.g. by being inserted
into a suitable vector, and said part may subsequently be subjected
to mutagenesis by use of any of the mutagenesis methods discussed
above.
Of particular interest is that the DNA sequence subjected to random
mutagenesis comprises a part of or constitutes a part of a DNA
sequence encoding the lipid contact zone or the lid region of the
parent lipolytic enzyme. The localized random mutagenesis may be
performed in one or more of these regions and/or one or more of the
regions constituting the lipid contact zone, and is preferably
performed in at least two of the regions. Parent lipolytic enzymes
of particular interest for modification according to this aspect of
the invention includes the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme
obtainable from strain DSM 4109 or a variant or analogue thereof, a
parent lipolytic enzyme derived from Penicillium camembertii, a
parent lipolytic enzyme derived from Rhizopus oryzae, a parent
lipolytic enzyme derived from Rhizomucor miehei, a parent lipolytic
enzyme derived from a Absidia sp. lipolytic enzyme, a parent
lipolytic enzyme derived from a Pseudomonas sp., prefereably
belonging to the Ps. aeroginosa family such as the Pseudomonas
cepacia lipase, the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes lipase, the
Pseudomonas glumae lipase, the Pseudomonas mendocina lipase, the
Pseudomonas wisconsinensis, or the Pseudomonas sp. lipase (SD705)
(Liposam.RTM.) shown in SEQ ID NO:92.
The lipid contact zones and lid regions are identified in the
"Definitions" section above.
The localized random mutagenesis may be done by use of doped
oligonucleotides which are doped in the direction of L, I, V, F, W,
A (hydrophobic amino acid residues) or K,R (positive amino acid
residues), for instance under conditions ensuring about 90-93%
wildtype and about 7-10% mutant. Specific examples of suitable
doping regimes are given in the Examples section below.
In Vivo Recombination
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention a DNA sequence
encoding a first wash lipolytic enzyme may be constructed by a
method, which as an important step involves combination of selected
DNA sequences encoding different parent lipolytic enzymes or parts
of such DNA sequences.
Preferably, the DNA sequences to be combined are derived from genes
encoding lipolytic enzymes which have a satisfactory washing and/or
dishwashing performance (e.g. as identified in Example 13). The aim
of combining the DNA sequences is that the best elements from each
"parent enzyme" are combined into one and the same variant
enzyme.
In the context of in vivo recombination the term "satisfactory
washing performance" is intended to indicate that the parent
enzymes are capable of removing fatty stains during one or several
wash cycles when present in a suitable detergent. Preferably, the
parent enzyme in question has a better washing performance than
Lipolase(TM).
The combination of DNA sequences may be performed by any suitable
method known in the art. For instance, when the DNA sequences to be
combined comprises homologous fragments, the combination is
preferably achieved by homologous cross-over, e.g. by use of
conventional methods such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,257, or by gene
shuffling (Stemmer (1994), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 91,
10747-10751; Stemmer (1994), Nature, vol. 370, 389-391; Smith
(1994), Nature vol. 370, page 324-25), WO 95/17413, Gene shuffling
means recombination of nucleotide sequence(s) between two or more
homologous DNA sequences resulting in output DNA sequences having a
number of nucleotides exchanged.
Of particular interest is an in vivo Gene Shuffling Method which is
based on the following procedure: (a) forming at least one circular
expression vector comprising a DNA sequence encoding a parent
lipolytic enzyme or a substantial part thereof, (b) opening said
circular expression vector within the DNA sequence encoding the
lipolytic enzyme or part thereof, (c)preparing at least one DNA
fragment comprising a DNA sequence homologous to at least a part of
the enzyme coding region on at least one of the circular expression
vector(s), (d) introducing at least one of said opened vector(s),
together with at least one of said homologous DNA fragment(s)
covering full-length DNA sequences encoding said lipolytic
enzyme(s) or a part thereof, into a recombination host cell, (e)
cultivating said yeast recombination host cell under conditions
conducive for recombination between the homologous DNA fragments to
take place, and (f) screening for positive lipolytic enzyme
variants with an improved wash performance.
The vector used in step a) above may be a yeast expression vector
which can be transformed into and expressed in a yeast
recombination host cell. Examples of such expression vectors
include yeast expression vectors constructed from pYES 2.0
(Invitrogene), such as pJSO37 comprising the wild type Humicola
lanuginosa lipase gene.
Opening of the vector in step b) may be accomplished by any
conventional techniques known in the art, and may for instance be
performed by opening the vector within the lipase gene by cutting
at a single site or by gapping the vector (i.e. cutting e.g. at two
sites resulting in cutting out a little part of the gene).
The preparation of the homologous DNA fragment(s) in step c) may be
performed by amplifying homologous DNA sequence(s) (e.g.,
comprising one or more mutation in the lipolytic gene and
comprising in a plasmid or vector) by any suitable methods, such as
by a standard PCR amplification method described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,683,202 or Saiki et al., (1988), Science 239, 487-491).
The vector(s) may be introduced into the recombination host cell
(in step d) by transformation. In the case of the recombination
host cell is a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae YNG318 (described below) the
transformation may be performed as described by Sambrooks et al.,
(1989), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold
Spring Harbor, N.Y., USA).
The screening for positive lipolytic enzyme variants may, e.g., be
performed by the screening method described in connection with the
random mutagenesis above.
One of more cycle of step a) to f) may be performed before a
selection of a first wash lipolytic enzyme variant is made using
the selection conditions defined further above.
According to the shuffling method significantly more than two DNA
sequences can be shuffled. Any number of different DNA fragments
and homologous lipolytic enzymes comprised in suitable plasmids may
be shuffles at the same time.
The DNA sequences to be combined may be entire genes of which at
least one part exhibits sufficient homology to the other genes to
allow for recombination of the genes to take place.
Alternatively, the DNA sequences may be partial genes, which when
combined can give rise to a functional gene capable of expressing a
lipolytic enzyme.
When the DNA sequences to be combined are highly homologous or
partially identical controlled combination may be performed, e.g.
in the case of combination of two DNA sequences, to combine the
N-terminal part of one of the sequences with the C-terminal part of
the other (corresponding to the remaining part of the first
sequence) or by combining other relevant parts of the respective
genes in question.
Naturally occurring enzymes may be genetically modified by random,
localized random or site directed mutagenesis as described above
prior to being subjected to gene shuffling. Alternatively, part of
one enzyme may be replaced by a part of another to obtain a
chimeric enzyme. This replacement can be achieved either by
conventional in vitro gene splicing techniques or by in vivo
recombination or by combinations of both techniques. When using
conventional in vitro gene splicing techniques, a desired portion
of the lipolytic enzyme gene may be deleted using appropriate
site-specific restriction enzymes; the deleted portion of the
coding sequence may then be replaced by insertion of a desired
portion of a different lipolytic enzyme coding sequence so that a
chimeric nucleotide sequence encoding a new lipolytic enzyme is
produced. Alternatively, lipolytic enzyme genes may be fused, e.g.
by use of the PCR overlay addition method described by Higuchi et
al. 1988.
The in vivo recombination techniques depend on the fact that
different DNA segments with highly homologous regions (identity of
DNA sequence) may recombine, i.e. break and exchange DNA, and
establish new bonds in the homologous regions. Accordingly, when
the coding sequences for two or more different but homologous
lipolytic enzymes are used to transform a host cell, recombination
of homologous sequences in vivo will result in the production of
chimeric gene sequences. Translation of these coding sequences by
the host cell will result in production of a chimeric lipolytic
enzyme gene product. Specific in vivo recombination techniques are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,257 and EP 252 666.
In order to allow homologous recombination to take place it is
desirable that the lipolytic enzymes comprises parts which are at
least 60% homologous. It is particularly preferred that the entire
enzymes are at least 60% homologous. The enzymes to be combined may
be different variants of the same parent enzyme, e.g. variants
derived from the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme disclosed herein,
or variants derived from the Ps. alcaligenes or Ps.
pseudoalcaligenes lipolytic enzymes referred to further above, or
variants derived from the F. solani pisi lipolytic enzyme (cf
above), or variants derived from the P. mendocina lipolytic enzyme
or the Pseudomonas sp. lipase (Liposam) (cf. above). It will be
understood that the random recombination may be performed between a
naturally-occurring lipolytic enzymes and one or more variants of
said enzyme, between differerent naturally ocurring enzymes,
between variants of naturally ocurring enzymes (the variants being
variants of the same parent enzyme or of different enzymes), or
between any combination of naturally occurring enzymes and variants
of naturally occurring enzyme as long as the corresponding DNA
sequences are capable of recombining. When the DNA sequences to be
combined are variants of a parent enzyme these variants may
conveniently be prepared by the mutagenesis, in particular random
mutagenesis method disclosed above.
In an alternative embodiment, the hybrid enzyme may be synthesized
by standard chemical methods known in the art. For example, see
Hunkapiller et al. (1984). Accordingly, peptides having the amino
acid sequences described above may be synthesized in whole or in
part and joined to form the hybrid enzymes of the invention.
In a highly preferred embodiment first wash lipolytic enzymes of
the invention are constructed by a method which comprises
subjecting a parent lipolytic enzyme to mutagenesis, in particular
random mutagenesis, to form a variety of mutated DNA sequences,
expressing the mutated DNA sequences in a suitable host and
screening for host cells which produces a mutated lipolytic enzyme
which has a decreased dependency on calcium and/or an improved
tolerance towards a detergent or a detergent component, subjecting
the DNA sequence encoding the mutated lipolytic enzyme selected in
said screening to in vivo recombination, in particular gene
shuffling or sexual PCR, with one or more other mutated DNA
sequences prepared in a similar manner from the same parent
lipolytic enzyme, expressing the mutated recombined DNA sequences
in a suitable host, optionally selecting for host cells producing a
mutated lipolytic enzyme which has a decreased dependency on
calcium and/or an improved tolerance towards a detergent or a
detergent component, optionally repeating either or both of the
above mutagenesis and in vivo recombination procedures one or more
times using more stringent screening criteria, and finally
selecting a recombined DNA sequence endoding a lipolytic enzyme
exhibiting first wash activity as defined herein.
Furthermore, it will be understood that a first wash lipolytic
enzyme of the invention which comprises a peptide addition as well
as mutation(s) in a structural part of the parent enzyme may be
constructed by a method which involves localized mutagenesis, in
particular localized random mutagenesis, in the part of the DNA
sequence encoding the peptide addition and selected parts of the
DNA sequence encoding the mature part of the parent lipolytic
enzyme, i.e. a combination of the random mutagenesis method
according to the third aspect of the invention performed in a
structural part of the parent enzyme and random mutagenesis in a
non-structural part of the N-terminal and/or C-terminal end and/or
in a peptide addition applied to the N-terminal and/or C-terminal
part.
It will be understood that the in vivo recombination and
mutagenesis methods disclosed herein may be applied to any of the
parent lipolytic enzymes mentioned in the "Parent Lipolytic
Enzymes" section herein. Particularly preferred parent lipolytic
enzymes are derived from Humicola lanuginosa and from Pseudomonas
sp. such as Ps. alcaligenes and Ps. pseudoalcaligenes.
Expression of a Lipolytic Enzyme of the Invention
An isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding a modified or a first
wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention may be manipulated in a
variety of ways to provide for expression of the enzyme.
Manipulation of the nucleic acid sequence encoding a modified or a
first wash lipolytic enzyme prior to its insertion into a vector
may be desirable or necessary depending on the expression vector.
The techniques for modifying nucleic acid sequences utilizing
cloning methods are well known in the art.
The term "control sequences" is defined herein to include all
components which are necessary or advantageous for expression of
the coding sequence of the nucleic acid sequence. Each control
sequence may be native or foreign to the nucleic acid sequence
encoding the lipolytic enzyme. Such control sequences include, but
are not limited to, a leader, a polyadenylation sequence, a
propeptide sequence, a promoter, a signal sequence, and a
transcription terminator. At a minimum, the control sequences
include a promoter, and transcriptional and translational stop
signals. The control sequences may be provided with linkers for the
purpose of introducing specific restriction sites facilitating
ligation of the control sequences with the coding region of the
nucleic acid sequence encoding the lipolytic enzyme.
The control sequence may be an appropriate promoter sequence, a
nucleic acid sequence which is recognized by a host cell for
expression of the nucleic acid sequence. The promoter sequence
contains transcription and translation control sequences which
mediate the expression of the modified or first wash lipolytic
enzyme. The promoter may be any nucleic acid sequence which shows
transcriptional activity in the host cell of choice and may be
obtained from genes encoding extracellular or intracellular
polypeptides either homologous or heterologous to the host cell.
Examples of suitable promoters for directing the transcription of
the nucleic acid constructs of the present invention, especially in
a bacterial host cell, are the promoters obtained from the E. coli
lac operon, the Streptomyces coelicolor agarase gene (dagA), the B.
subtilis levansucrase gene (sacB) or the alkaline protease gene,
the B. licheniformis alpha-amylase gene (amyL), the B.
stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase gene (amyM), the B.
amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyQ), the B.licheniformis
penicillinase gene (penP), the B. subtilis xylA and xylB genes, the
B. pumilus xylosidase gene, and the prokaryotic beta-lactamase or
tryptophan gene (Villa-Kamaroff et al., 1978, Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences USA 75:3727-3731), as well as the tac
gene (DeBoer et al., 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences USA 80:21-25). Further promoters are described in "Useful
proteins from recombinant bacteria" in Scientific American, 1980,
242:74-94; and in Sambrook et al, 1989, supra. Examples of suitable
promoters for directing the transcription of the nucleic acid
constructs of the present invention in a filamentous fungal host
cell are promoters obtained from the genes encoding A. oryzae TAKA
amylase, A. oryzae triose phosphate isomerase, Rhizomucor miehei
aspartic proteinase, A. niger neutral alpha-amylase, A. niger acid
stable alpha-amylase, A. niger or A.awamori glucoamylase (glaA),
Rhizomucor miehei lipase, A. oryzae alkaline protease, A. oryzae
triose phosphate isomerase, A. nidulans acetamidase, Fusarium
oxysporum trypsin-like protease (as described in U.S. Patent No.
4,288,627, which is incorporated herein by reference), or the ADH-3
promoter (McKnight et al., (1985). The EMBO J. 4, 2093-3099) and
hybrids thereof. Particularly preferred promoters for use in
filamentous fungal host cells is the TAKA amylase and the glaA
promoters. In a yeast host, promoters from yeast glycolytic genes
(Hitzeman et al.,(1980), J. Biol. Chem. 255, 12073-12080;
Alber and Kawasaki, (1982), J. Mol. Appl. Gen. 1, 419-434) or
alcohol dehydrogenase genes (Young et al., in Genetic Engineering
of Microorganisms for Chemicals (Hollaender et al, eds.), Plenum
Press, New York, 1982), or the TPI1 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,311) or
ADH2-4c (Russell et al., (1983), Nature 304, 652-654) promoters.
useful promoters are obtained from the S. cerevisiae enolase
(ENO-1) gene, the S. cerevisiae galactokinase gene (GAL1), the S.
cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase genes (ADH2/GAP), and the S. cerevisiae
3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene. Other useful promoters for yeast
host cells are described by Romanos et al., 1992, Yeast
8:423-488.
The control sequence may also be a suitable transcription
terminator sequence, a sequence recognized by a host cell to
terminate transcription. The terminator sequence is operably linked
to the 3' terminus of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the
modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme. The terminator sequence
may be native to the nucleic acid sequence encoding the lipolytic
enzyme or may be obtained from foreign sources. Any terminator
which is functional in the host cell of choice may be used in the
present invention. Preferred terminators for filamentous fungal
host cells are obtained from the genes encoding A. oryzae TAKA
amylase, A. niger glucoamylase, A. nidulans anthranilate synthase,
A. niger alpha-glucosidase, and Fusarium oxysporum trypsin-like
protease. Preferred terminators for yeast host cells are obtained
from the genes encoding S. cerevisiae enolase, S. cerevisiae
cytochrome C (CYC1), or S. cerevisiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase. Other useful terminators for yeast host cells are
described by Romanos et al., 1992, supra.
The control sequence may also be a suitable leader sequence, a
nontranslated region of a mRNA which is important for translation
by the host cell. The leader sequence is operably linked to the 5'
terminus of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the lipolytic
enzyme. The leader sequence may be native to the nucleic acid
sequence encoding the lipolytic enzyme or may be obtained from
foreign sources. Any leader sequence which is functional in the
host cell of choice may be used in the present invention. Preferred
leaders for filamentous fungal host cells are obtained from the
genes encoding A. oryzae TAKA amylase and A. oryzae triose
phosphate isomerase. Suitable leaders for yeast host cells are
obtained from the S. cerevisiae enolase (ENO-1) gene, the S.
cerevisiae 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene, the S. cerevisiae
alpha-factor, and the S. cerevisiae alcohol
dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes
(ADH2/GAP).
The control sequence may also be a polyadenylation sequence, a
sequence which is operably linked to the 3' terminus of the nucleic
acid sequence and which, when transcribed, is recognized by the
host cell as a signal to add polyadenosine residues to transcribed
mRNA. The polyadenylation sequence may be native to the nucleic
acid sequence encoding the lipolytic enzyme or may be obtained from
foreign sources. Any polyadenylation sequence which is functional
in the host cell of choice may be used in the present invention.
Preferred polyadenylation sequences for filamentous fungal host
cells are obtained from the genes encoding A. oryzae TAKA amylase,
A. niger glucoamylase, A. nidulans anthranilate synthase, and A.
niger alpha-glucosidase. Useful polyadenylation sequences for yeast
host cells are described by Guo and Sherman, 1995, Molecular
Cellular Biology 15:5983-5990, Polyadenylation sequences are well
known in the art for mammalian host cells.
The control sequence may also be a signal peptide coding region,
which codes for an amino acid sequence linked to the amino terminus
of the modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme which can direct the
expressed lipolytic enzyme into the cell's secretory pathway. The
signal peptide coding region may be native to the lipolytic enzyme
of the invention or may be obtained from foreign sources. The 5'
end of the coding sequence of the nucleic acid sequence may
inherently contain a signal peptide coding region naturally linked
in translation reading frame with the segment of the coding region
which encodes the secreted lipolytic enzyme. Alternatively, the 5'
end of the coding sequence may contain a signal peptide coding
region which is foreign to that portion of the coding sequence
which encodes the secreted lipolytic enzyme. The foreign signal
peptide coding region may be required where the coding sequence
does not normally contain a signal peptide coding region.
Alternatively, the foreign signal peptide coding region may simply
replace the natural signal peptide coding region in order to obtain
enhanced secretion of the lipolytic enzyme relative to the natural
signal peptide coding region normally associated with the coding
sequence. The signal peptide coding region may be obtained from a
glucoamylase or an amylase gene from an Aspergillus species, a
lipase or proteinase gene from a Rhizomucor species, the gene for
the a-factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an amylase or a
protease gene from a Bacillus species, or the calf preprochymosin
gene. An effective signal peptide coding region for bacterial host
cells is the signal peptide coding region obtained from the
maltogenic amylase gene from Bacillus NCIB 11837, the B.
stearothermophilus alpha-amylase gene, the B. licheniformis
subtilisin gene, the B. licheniformis beta-lactamase gene, the B.
stearothermophilus neutral proteases genes (nprT, nprS, nprM), and
the B. subtilis PrsA gene. Further signal peptides are described by
Simonen and Palva, 1993, Microbiological Reviews 57:109-137. An
effective signal peptide coding region for filamentous fungal host
cells is the signal peptide coding region obtained from A. oryzae
TAKA amylase gene, A. niger neutral amylase gene, the Rhizomucor
miehei aspartic proteinase gene, the H. lanuginosa cellulase gene,
or the Rhizomucor miehei lipase gene. Useful signal peptides for
yeast host cells are obtained from the genes for S. cerevisiae
a-factor and S. cerevisiae invertase. Other useful signal peptide
coding regions are described by Romanos et al, 1992, supra.
However, any signal peptide coding region capable of directing the
expressed enzyme into the secretory pathway of a host cell of
choice may be used in the present invention.
The nucleic acid constructs of the present invention may also
comprise one or more nucleic acid sequences which encode one or
more factors that are advantageous in the expression of the
modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme, e.g., an activator (e.g.,
a trans-acting factor), a chaperone, and a processing protease. The
nucleic acids encoding one or more of these factors are not
necessarily in tandem with the nucleic acid sequence encoding the
modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme. An activator is a protein
which activates transcription of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a
first wash lipolytic enzyme (Kudla et al., 1990, EMBO Journal
9:1355-1364; Jarai and Buxton, 1994, Current Genetics 26:2238-244;
Verdier, 1990, Yeast 6:271-297). The nucleic acid sequence encoding
an activator may be obtained from the genes encoding B.
stearothermophilus NprA (nprA), S. cerevisiae heme activator
protein 1 (hap1), S. cerevisiae galactose metabolizing protein 4
(gal4), and A. nidulans ammonia regulation protein (areA). For
further examples, see Verdier,1990, supra and MacKenzie et al.,
1993, Journal of General Microbiology 139:2295-2307. A chaperone is
a protein which assists another polypeptide in folding properly
(Hartl et al., 1994, TIBS 19:20-25; Bergeron et al., 1994, TIBS
19:124-128; Demolder et al., 1994, Journal of Biotechnology
32:179-189; Craig, 1993, Science 260:1902-1903; Gething and
Sambrook, 1992, Nature 355:33-45; Puig and Gilbert, 1994, Journal
of Biological Chemistry 269:7764-7771; Wang and Tsou, 1993, The
FASEB Journal 7:1515-11157; Robinson et al., 1994, Bio/Technology
1:381-384). The nucleic acid sequence encoding a chaperone may be
obtained from the genes encoding B. subtilis GroE proteins, A.
oryzae protein disulphide isomerase, S. cerevisiae calnexin, S.
cerevisiae BiP/GRP78, and S. cerevisiae Hsp70. For further
examples, see Gething and Sambrook,1992, supra, and Hartl et al.,
1994, supra. Any factor that is functional in the host cell of
choice may be used in the present invention.
It may also be desirable to add regulatory sequences which allow
the regulation of the expression of the modified or first wash
lipolytic enzyme relative to the growth of the host cell.
Examples of regulatory systems are those which cause the expression
of the gene to be turned on or off in response to a chemical or
physical stimulus, including the presence of a regulatory compound.
Regulatory systems in prokaryotic systems would include the lac,
tac, and trp operator systems. In yeast, the ADH2 system or GAL1
system may be used. In filamentous fungi, the TAKA alpha-amylase
promoter, A. niger glucoamylase promoter, and the A. oryzae
glucoamylase promoter may be used as regulatory sequences. Other
examples of regulatory sequences are those which allow for gene
amplification. In eukaryotic systems, these include the
dihydrofolate reductase gene which is amplified in the presence of
methotrexate, and the metallothionein genes which are amplified
with heavy metals. In these cases, the nucleic acid sequence
encoding the modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme would be
placed in tandem with the regulatory sequence.
Expression Vectors
The present invention also relates to recombinant expression
vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence of the present
invention, a promoter, and transcriptional and translational stop
signals. The various nucleic acid and control sequences described
above may be joined together to produce a recombinant expression
vector which may include one or more convenient restriction sites
to allow for insertion or substitution of the nucleic acid sequence
encoding the modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme at such sites.
Alternatively, the nucleic acid sequence of the present invention
may be expressed by inserting the nucleic acid sequence or a
nucleic acid construct comprising the sequence into an appropriate
vector for expression. In creating the expression vector, the
coding sequence is located in the vector so that the coding
sequence is operably linked with the appropriate control sequences
for expression, and possibly secretion.
The recombinant expression vector may be any vector which can be
conveniently subjected to recombinant DNA procedures and can bring
about the expression of the nucleic acid sequence. The choice of
the vector will typically depend on the compatibility of the vector
with the host cell into which the vector is to be introduced. The
vectors may be linear or closed circular plasmids. The vector may
be an autonomously replicating vector, i.e., a vector which exists
as an extrachromosomal entity, the replication of which is
independent of chromosomal replication, e.g., a plasmid, an
extrachromosomal element, a minichromosome, or an artificial
chromosome. The vector may contain any means for assuring
self-replication. Alternatively, the vector may be one which, when
introduced into the host cell, is integrated into the genome and
replicated together with the chromosome(s) into which it has been
integrated. The vector system may be a single vector or plasmid or
two or more vectors or plasmids which together contain the total
DNA to be introduced into the genome of the host cell, or a
transposon.
The vectors of the present invention preferably contain one or more
selectable markers which permit easy selection of transformed
cells. A selectable marker is a gene the product of which provides
for biocide or viral resistance, resistance to heavy metals,
prototrophy to auxotrophs, and the like. Examples of bacterial
selectable markers are the dal genes from B. subtilis or B.
licheniformis, or markers which confer antibiotic resistance such
as ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol or tetracycline
resistance. A frequently used mammalian marker is the dihydrofolate
reductase gene. Suitable markers for yeast host cells are ADE2,
HIS3, LEU2, LYS2, MET3, TRP1, and URA3. A selectable marker for use
in a filamentous fungal host cell may be selected from the group
including, but not limited to, amdS (acetamidase), argB (ornithine
carbamoyltransferase), bar (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase),
hygB (hygromycin phosphotransferase), niaD (nitrate reductase),
pyrG (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase), sC (sulfate
adenyltransferase), trpC (anthranilate synthase), and glufosinate
resistance markers, as well as equivalents from other species.
Preferred for use in an Aspergillus cell are the amdS and pyrG
markers of A. nidulans or A. oryzae and the bar marker of
Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Furthermore, selection may be
accomplished by co-transformation, e.g., as described in WO
91/17243, where the selectable marker is on a separate vector.
The vectors of the present invention preferably contain an
element(s) that permits stable integration of the vector into the
host cell genome or autonomous replication of the vector in the
cell independent of the genome of the cell.
The vectors of the present invention may be integrated into the
host cell genome when introduced into a host cell. For integration,
the vector may rely on the nucleic acid sequence encoding the
modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme or any other element of the
vector for stable integration of the vector into the genome by
homologous or nonhomologous recombination. Alternatively, the
vector may contain additional nucleic acid sequences for directing
integration by homologous recombination into the genome of the host
cell. The additional nucleic acid sequences enable the vector to be
integrated into the host cell genome at a precise location(s) in
the chromosome(s). To increase the likelihood of integration at a
precise location, the integrational elements should preferably
contain a sufficient number of nucleic acids, such as 100 to 1,500
base pairs, preferably 400 to 1,500 base pairs, and most preferably
800 to 1,500 base pairs, which are highly homologous with the
corresponding target sequence to enhance the probability of
homologous recombination. The integrational elements may be any
sequence that is homologous with the target sequence in the genome
of the host cell. Furthermore, the integrational elements may be
non-encoding or encoding nucleic acid sequences. On the other hand,
the vector may be integrated into the genome of the host cell by
non-homologous recombination. These nucleic acid sequences may be
any sequence that is homologous with a target sequence in the
genome of the host cell, and, furthermore, may be non-encoding or
encoding sequences.
For autonomous replication, the vector may further comprise an
origin of replication enabling the vector to replicate autonomously
in the host cell in question. Examples of bacterial origins of
replication are the origins of replication of plasmids pBR322,
pUC19, pACYC177, pACYC184, pUB110, pE194, pTA1060, and pAM.beta.1.
Examples of origin of replications for use in a yeast host cell are
the 2 micron origin of replication, the combination of CEN6 and
ARS4, and the combination of CEN3 and ARS1. The origin of
replication may be one having a mutation which makes its
functioning temperature-sensitive in the host cell (see, e.g.,
Ehrlich, 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
75:1433).
More than one copy of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a modified
or first wash lipolytic enzyme of the present invention may be
inserted into the host cell to amplify expression of the nucleic
acid sequence. Stable amplification of the nucleic acid sequence
can be obtained by integrating at least one additional copy of the
sequence into the host cell genome using methods well known in the
art and selecting for transformants.
The procedures used to ligate the elements described above to
construct the recombinant expression vectors of the present
invention are well known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g.,
Sambrook et al., 1989, supra).
Host Cells
The present invention also relates to recombinant host cells,
comprising a nucleic acid sequence of the invention, which are
advantageously used in the recombinant production of the modified
or first wash lipolytic enzymes. The cell is preferably transformed
with a vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence of the invention
followed by integration of the vector into the host chromosome.
"Transformation" means introducing a vector comprising a nucleic
acid sequence of the present invention into a host cell so that the
vector is maintained as a chromosomal integrant or as a
self-replicating extra-chromosomal vector. Integration is generally
considered to be an advantage as the nucleic acid sequence is more
likely to be stably maintained in the cell. Integration of the
vector into the host chromosome may occur by homologous or
non-homologous recombination as described above.
The choice of a host cell will to a large extent depend upon the
gene encoding the modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme and its
source. In addition, the choice of host cell will often depend on
the proteolytic enzyme system of the host cell and its impact on
the production of a modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme of the
invention. Accordingly, it may be desirable to use a host cell
which is deficient in one or more proteolytic enzymes or other
enzyme processing means. Protease deficient host cells of bacteria
as well as fungal (filamentous fungal and yeast) cells are
well-known in the art.
When the first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention comprises a
peptide addition, and in case of a modified lipolytic enzyme of the
invention, it may be advantageous that the host is a strain reduced
or deficient in one or more exo-proteases capable of cleaving the
modified lipolytic enzyme at a site close to the peptide addition
or a protease capable of cleaving within the peptide addition. For
instance, the host cell may be reduced or deficient in a
tripeptidyl-aminopeptidase (TPAP) (see e.g. WO 96/14404 from Novo
Nordisk A/S), a dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase (DPAP), and/or a Kex2
protease or Kex2-like protease and therefore not capable of
cleaving at di-basic sites such as Arg--Arg (RR).
Other examples of host cells include alkaline protease deficient or
reduced host cells, aspartic proteinase deficient host cells (EP
429 490), and host cells deficient of proteolytic enzymes such as
the host cells described in WO 93/00925, WO 92/17595, EP 341 215,
EP 574 347, and PCT/DK96/00111.
The host cell may be a unicellular microorganism or a
non-unicellular microorganism. Useful unicellular cells are
bacterial cells such as gram positive bacteria including, but not
limited to, a Bacillus cell, e.g., B. subtilis, B. licheniformis,
B. lentus, B. brevis, B. stearothermophilus, B. alkalophilus, B.
amyloliquefaciens, B. coagulans, B.circulans, B. lautus, B.
megaterium, and B. thuringiensis; or a Streptomyces cell, e.g., S.
lividans or S. murinus, or gram negative bacteria such as E. coli
and Pseudomonas sp. (especially when a bacterial lipolytic enzyme,
such as a Pseudomonas sp. enzyme is to be produced). The
transformation of a bacterial host cell may, for instance, be
effected by protoplast transformation (see, e.g., Chang and Cohen,
1979, Molecular General Genetics 168:111-115), by using competent
cells (see, e.g., Young and Spizizin, 1961, Journal of Bacteriology
81:823-829, or Dubnar and Davidoff-Abelson, 1971, Journal of
Molecular Biology 56:209-221), by electroporation (see, e.g.,
Shigekawa and Dower, 1988, Biotechniques 6:742-751), or by
conjugation (see, e.g., Koehler and Thorne, 1987, Journal of
Bacteriology 169:5771-5278).
The host cell may be a eukaryote, and is preferably a fungal, i.e.
a yeast cell or a filamentous fungal cell, especially for the
production of a modified or a first wash lipolytic enzyme of
eukaryotic origin.
"Yeast" as used herein includes ascosporogenous yeast
(Endomycetales), basidiosporogenous yeast, and yeast belonging to
the Fungi Imperfecti (Blastomycetes). The ascosporogenous yeasts
are divided into the families Spermophthoraceae and
Saccharomycetaceae. The latter is comprised of four subfamilies,
Schizosaccharomycoideae (e.g., genus Schizosaccharomyces),
Nadsonioideae, Lipomycoideae, and Saccharomycoideae (e.g., genera
Pichia, Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces). The basidiosporogenous
yeasts include the genera Leucosporidim, Rhodosporidium,
Sporidiobolus, Filobasidium, and Filobasidiella. Yeast belonging to
the Fungi Imperfecti are divided into two families,
Sporobolomycetaceae (e.g., genera Sorobolomyces and Bullera) and
Cryptococcaceae (e.g., genus Candida). Since the classification of
yeast may change in the future, for the purposes of this invention,
yeast shall be defined as described in Biology and Activities of
Yeast (Skinner, F. A., Passmore, S. M., and Davenport, R. R., eds,
Soc. App. Bacteriol. Symposium Series No. 9,1980. The biology of
yeast and manipulation of yeast genetics are well known in the art
(see, e.g., Biochemistry and Genetics of Yeast, Bacil, M.,
Horecker, B. J., and Stopani, A. O. M., editors, 2nd edition, 1987;
The Yeasts, Rose, A. H., and Harrison, J. S., editors, 2nd edition,
1987; and The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces,
Strathern et al., editors, 1981). In connection with the present
invention the use of yeast cells which typically have another
proteolytic enzyme processing system that, e.g., bacteria and
filamentous fungi, may be of particular use for preparing modified
or first wash lipolytic enzymes which, as the peptide addition,
comprise a part or all of the natural prosequences of the parent
lipolytic enzyme in question. When the fungal host cell is a yeast
cell (e.g. to be used in applying a peptide addition (in the form
of part of or the entire prosequence of the parent enzyme, the
yeast host cell may be a cell of a species of Candida,
Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Pichia, or
Yarrowia, such as a S. cerevisiae cell, a S.s carlsbergensis, a S.
diastaticus cell, a S. douglasii cell, a S. kluyveri cell, a S.
norbensis cell, or a S. oviformis cell.
"Fungi" as used herein includes the phyla Ascomycota,
Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota (as defined by
Hawksworth et al., In, Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of The
Fungi, 8th edition, 1995, CAB International, University Press,
Cambridge, UK) as well as the Oomycota (as cited in Hawksworth et
al., 1995, supra, page 171)and all mitosporicfungi (Hawksworth et
al, 1995, supra). Representative groups of Ascomycota include,
e.g., Neurospora, Eupenicillium (=Penicillium), Emericella
(=Aspergillus), Eurotium (=Aspergillus), and the true yeasts listed
above. Examples of Basidiomycota include mushrooms, rusts, and
smuts. Representative groups of Chytridiomycota include, e.g.,
Allomyces, Blastocladiella, Coelomomyces, and aquatic fungi.
Representative groups of Oomycota include, e.g.,
Saprolegniomycetous aquatic fungi (water molds) such as Achlya.
Examples of mitosporic fungi include Aspergillus, Penicillium,
Candida, and Altemaria. Representative groups of Zygomycota
include, e.g., Rhizopus and Mucor.
"Filamentous fungi" include all filamentous forms of the
subdivision Eumycota and Oomycota (as defined by Hawksworth et al.,
1995, supra). The filamentous fungi are characterized by a
vegetative mycelium composed of chitin, cellulose, glucan,
chitosan, mannan, and other complex polysaccharides. Vegetative
growth is by hyphal elongation and carbon catabolism is obligately
aerobic. In contrast, vegetative growth by yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is by budding of a unicellular thallus and
carbon catabolism may be fermentative.
In a preferred embodiment, the fungal host cell is a filamentous
fungal cell. In a more preferred embodiment, the filamentous fungal
host cell is a cell of a species of, but not limited to,
Acremonium. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Humicola, Myceliophthora, Mucor,
Neurospora, Penicillium, Thielavia, Tolypocladium, and Trichoderma.
In an even more preferred embodiment, the filamentous fungal host
cell is an Aspergillus cell. In another even more preferred
embodiment, the filamentous fungal host cell is a Fusarium cell. In
a most preferred embodiment, the filamentous fungal host cell is an
A. oryzae cell, an A. niger cell, an A. foetidus cell, or an A.
japonicus cell. In another most preferred embodiment, the
filamentous fungal host cell is a Fusarium oxysporum cell or a F.
graminearum cell.
Fungal cells may be transformed by a process involving protoplast
formation, transformation of the protoplasts, and regeneration of
the cell wall in a manner known perse. Suitable procedures for
transformation of Aspergillus host cells are described in EP 238
023 and Yelton et al., 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences USA 81:1470-1474. A suitable method of transforming
Fusarium species is described by Malardier et al., 1989, Gene
78:147-156 or in WO 96/00787, Yeast may be transformed using the
procedures described by Becker and Guarente, In Abelson, J. N. and
Simon, M. I., editors, Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular
Biology, Methods in Enzymology, Volume 194, pp 182-187. Academic
Press, Inc., New York; Ito et al., 1983, Journal of Bacteriology
153:163; and Hinnen et al., 1978, Proceedings of the National
academy of Sciences USA 75:1920, Mammalian cells may be transformed
by direct uptake using the calcium phosphate precipitation method
of Graham and Van der Eb (1978, Virology 52:546).
Methods of Production
The present invention also relates to methods for producing a
modified or a first wash lipolytic enzyme of the invention
comprising (a) cultivating a host cell transformed with a DNA
sequence encoding the enzyme under conditions conducive to
expression of lipolytic enzyme; and (b) recovering the lipolytic
enzyme.
The host cells may be cultivated in a nutrient medium suitable for
production of the modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme using
methods known in the art. For example, the cell may be cultivated
by shake flask cultivation, small-scale or large-scale fermentation
(including continuous, batch, fed-batch, or solid state
fermentations) in laboratory or industrial fermentors performed in
a suitable medium and under conditions allowing the lipolytic
enzyme to be expressed and/or isolated. The cultivation takes place
in a suitable nutrient medium comprising carbon and nitrogen
sources and inorganic salts, using procedures known in the art
(see, e.g., references for bacteria and yeast; Bennett, J. W. and
LaSure, L., editors, More Gene Manipulations in Fungi, Academic
Press, CA, 1991). Suitable media are available from commercial
suppliers or may be prepared according to published compositions
(e.g., in catalogues of the American Type Culture Collection). If
the modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme is secreted into the
nutrient medium, the modified lipolytic enzyme can be recovered
directly from the medium. If the lipolytic enzyme is not secreted,
it is recovered from cell lysates.
The resulting modified or first wash lipolytic enzyme may be
recovered by methods known in the art. For example, the lipolytic
enzyme may be recovered from the nutrient medium by conventional
procedures including, but not limited to, centrifugation,
filtration, extraction, spray-drying, evaporation, or
precipitation. The recovered lipolytic enzyme may then be further
purified by a variety of chromatographic procedures, e.g., ion
exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, affinity
chromatography, or the like.
The modified or first wash lipolytic enzymes of the present
invention may be purified by a variety of procedures known in the
art including, but not limited to, chromatography (e.g., ion
exchange, affinity, hydrophobic, chromatofocusing, and size
exclusion), electrophoretic procedures (e.g., preparative
isoelectric focusing (IEF), differential solubility (e.g., ammonium
sulfate precipitation), or extraction (see, e.g., Protein
Purification, J. -C. Janson and Lars Ryden, editors, VCH
Publishers, New York, 1989).
In accordance with the invention, it is also contemplated to apply,
to the first wash lipolytic lipolytic enzyme, one or more charged
amino acids which permit effective purification of the modified
enzyme. Techniques for doing this is well known by a person skilled
in the art of molecular biology.
Enzyme Composition of the Invention
In a further aspect the invention relates to an enzyme composition
comprising an enzyme with lipolytic activity of the invention.
As defined herein, a "substantially pure" enzyme is an enzyme which
is essentially free of other homologous contaminants (originating
from the same source as the modified lipolytic enzyme), e.g., at
least about 20% pure, preferably at least about 40% pure, more
preferably about 60% pure, even more preferably about 80% pure,
most preferably about 90% pure, and even most preferably about 95%
pure, as determined by SDS-PAGE.
In certain cases, when the enzyme of the invention comprises a
peptide addition, the host cell does not process all of the
modified lipolytic enzyme molecules expressed by that host at the
same cleavage site. This has the consequence that the modified or
first wash lipolytic enzyme product recovered from the fermentation
by such host cells comprise a portion having the full length
peptide addition and one or more other portions with only a part of
the peptide addition. The inventors found that this does not
influence the wash performance significantly. Consequently, even
though not all of the lipolytic enzyme of the enzyme composition of
the invention may have retained the full length peptide addition
the enzyme composition is still capable of exerting the desired
effect, such as an improved wash performance. Actually, it has been
found that as long as at least about 5% of the total amount of
modified lipolytic enzyme of the invention to be used for a given
purpose has the intact peptide addition as disclosed above, this
may be found to be sufficient for providing the desired effect. The
remaining part of the modified lipolytic enzyme molecules may then
have a peptide addition which is shorter than the one intended
(e.g. as a consequence of one or more amino acid residues have been
cut off during processing of the enzyme by the host organism) or no
peptide addition at all. Therefore, the enzyme composition of the
invention need only to comprise at least about 5%, preferably at
least about 10%, such as at least about 25%, better at least about
50%, especially at least about 75% of the modified lipolytic enzyme
with its full length addition.
Said enzyme composition may further comprise an enzyme selected
from the group of proteases, cellulases, peroxidases, cutinases,
amylases and/or lipases, and when intended for washing also
ingredients normally used in detergent compositions.
Modified lipolytic enzymes of the invention have been found to be
of particular interest as components in detergent compositions such
as washing powder or dishwashing compositions which will be
described in details in the following section. In addition, due to
their improved properties the modified lipolytic enzymes of the
invention are contemplated to be useful in, for example, the baking
industry, as a catalyst in organic syntheses (e.g. esterification,
transesterification orester hydrolysis reactions), in the
papermaking industry (e.g. for pitch removal), and in the leather,
wool and related industries (e.g. for degreasing of animal hides,
sheepskin or wool), and for other applications involving
degreasing/defatting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plasmids: pYES 2.0 (Invitrogen Corp., UK) p960 A. oryzae expression
plasmid (described in EP 305 216 from Novo Nordisk A/S) pSX581 (E.
coli expression plasmid) (see FIG. 7) PJSO37 (S. cerevisiae
expression plasmid)(J. S. Okkels, (1996)"A URA3-promoter deletion
in a pYES vector increases the expression level of a fungal lipase
in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombinant DNA Biotechnology III: The
Integration of Biological and Engineering Sciences, vol.782 of the
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences) More specifically, the
expression plasmid pJSO37, is derived from pYES 2.0 by replacing
the inducible GAL1-promoter of pYES 2.0 with the constitutively
expressed TPI (triose phosphate isomerase)-promoter from
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Albert and Karwasaki, (1982), J. Mol.
Appl Genet., 1, 419-434), and deleting the URA3 promoter. A
restriction map of pJSO37 is shown in FIG. 8. pSX167 (see FIG. 4)
pSX92 (WO 89/06279) pUC19 (Yanish-Perron et al. (1985) Gene 33,
103-119) pHD414 (Aspergillus expression vector being a derivative
of the plasmid p775 described in EP 238 023). The construction of
pHD414 is further described in WO 93/11249). PJVi245 (See FIG. 9)
pCaHj383 (see FIG. 9) pCaHj385 (see FIG. 9) pAHE2: Hobson, A. H.,
Buckley, C. M., Aamand, J. L., J.o slashed.rgensen, S. T.,
Diderichsen, B., and McConnell, D. J. (1993). Activation of a
bacterial lipase by its chaperone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90,
p. 5682-5686). pTiK04: constructed from pJSO37 including the mature
Ab reflexa NL 127 lipase gene with a SPIRR encoding extension
upstream of the start of the lipase gene. pTiK05: As pTiK04 without
the SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) extension pTiK06: pTik04 with the
MF.alpha.1 signal sequence pTiK07: pTik05 with the MF.alpha.1
signal sequence pYESHL is a yeast/E coli shuttle vector that
expresses and secretes a low level of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic
enzyme in yeast. More specifically pYESHL is a derivative of pYES2
in which the GAL1 promoter was excised and the H. lanuginosa
lipolytic enzyme gene and the TPI (triose phosphate isomerase)
promoter from S. cerevisiae (Alber, T. and Kawasaki, G.,
J.Mol.Appl. Genet 1, 419-434 (1982) were cloned between the Sphl
and Xbal sites. A restriction map of pYESHL is shown in FIG.
10.
Microorganisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae YNG318: MATa
Dpep4[cir.sup.+ ] ura3-52, leu2-D2, his 4-539 Aspergillus oryzae
IFO 4177 A. oryzae A1560-T40, a protease deficient derivative of A.
oryzae IFO 4177 (WO 91/17243). A. oryzae JaL 125: Aspergillus
oryzae IFO 4177 available from Institute for Fermention, Osaka;
17-25 Juso Hammachi 2-Chome Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan, having the
alkaline protease gene named "alp" (described by Murakami K et al.,
(1991), Agric. Biol. Chem. 55, p.2807-2811) deleted by a one step
gene replacement method (described by G. May in "Applied Molecular
Genetics of Filamentous Fungi" (1992), p. 1-25, Eds. J. R. Kinghorn
and G. Turner; Blackie Academic and Professional), using the A.
oryzae pyrG gene as marker. E coliW3110 lacl.sup.q (E. coliW3110 is
an early isolate used as ancestral stock for the K-12 strain
(Bachman, (1972), Bacteriol. Rev. 36). The W3110 stain has been
made lacl.sup.q in order to overproduce the Lac repressor, turning
off expression from plac more completely. E. coli SJ6: Diderichsen,
B., Wedsted, U., Hedegaard, L., Jensen, B. R., Sj.o slashed.holm,
C., (1990), Cloning of aldB, which encodes alpha-acetolactate
decarboxylase, an exoenzyme from Bacillus brevis. J. Bacteriol.,
172, p. 4315-4321). Strain SJ1503 is E. coli JA221 containing
plasmid pAHE2: Hobson, A. H., Buckley, C. M., Aamand, J. L., J.o
slashed.rgensen, S. T., Diderichsen, B., and McConnell, D. J.
(1993). Activation of a bacterial lipase by its chaperone. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, p. 5682-5686. Yeast cell YPH499
(Stratagene) E. coli DH 10 B (Gibco)
Donor Organisms: Humicola lanuginosa DSM 4109 available from the
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH,
Mascheroderweg 1b, D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
(EP 305,216) Humicola insolens DSM 1800 (WO 96/13580) Pseudomonas
cepacia SB10, DSM 3959, is described in WO 89/01032. Absidia
reflexa ATTC 44896 is available from ATCC (American Type Culture
Collection, 12301, Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852, USA) as
Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 and from IFO (Institute for
Fermentation, 17-85 Juso-horrmachi 2-chomee, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka
532, Japan) as Absidia reflexa IFO 5874 as described in WO
96/113578 (Novo Nordisk A/S).
Enzymes: Bovine trypsin (Boehringer Mannheim)
The following lipases are variants of the Humicola lanuginosa DSM
4109 lipase (EP 305 216) which are either used as parent enzymes in
the context of the present invention or which constitute modified
enzymes according to the invention.
TABLE M1 Lipase variants Peptide addition Mutations HLv1s SPIRR
(SEQ ID NO:29) D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, D57G, N94K, HLv1 -- D96L,
L97M HLv2s SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) D137G, D167G, E210V, W221L HLv2 --
D137G, D167G, E210V, W221L HLv3s SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) N94K, F95L,
D96H, N101S, F181L, D234Y, I252L, P256T, G263A, L264Q HLv3 -- N94K,
F95L, D96H, N101S, F181L, D234Y, I252L, P256T, G263A, L264Q HLv4s
SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) I90F, D96L, E99K, V187A HLv4 -- I90F, D96L,
E99K, V187A HLv5s SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) N94K, D96A, Q249R HLv5 --
N94K, D96A, Q249R HLv7s SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) D57G, G59V, N94K,
D96L, L97M, 5116P, S170P, Q249R HLv7 -- D57G, G59V, N94K, D96L,
L97M, S116P, S170P, Q249R HLv8s SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) A49P, D167G,
E210V HLv8 -- A49P, D167G, E210V HLv9s SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) D57G,
N94K, D96L, Q249R HLv9 -- DS7G, N94K, D96L, Q249R HLv10s1 GPIRPRP
(SEQ ID NO:48) DS7G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s2 SHSRHNA (SEQ
ID NO:153) D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s3 TAIRPRK (SEQ ID
NO:46) D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s4 SALRRRP (SEQ ID
NO:154) D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s5 STRRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:47) D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s6 SPRRPRT (SEQ ID NO:33)
D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s7 SPIPPGP (SEQ ID NO:155) D57G,
N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s8 LPFRQRP (SEQ ID NO:49) D57G, N94k,
D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10s9 SPFRPKL (SEQ ID NO:34) D57G, N94K, D96L,
L97M, Q249R HLv10s10 SALRRP (SEQ ID NO157) D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M,
Q249R HLv10s11 SPIRK (SEQ ID NO:22) D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R
HLv10s12 SPIR (SEQ ID NO:28) DS7G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv10 --
DS7G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R HLv11s SPIRP (SEQ ID NO:31) E1P,
D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R
The following lipases are variants of the B. cepacia (formerly
Pseudomonas cepacia) lipase to which an N-terminal addition has
been applied in accordance with the present invention.
TABLE M2 Lipase variants Peptide addition SJ3708 SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) SJ3717 SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) SJ3718 SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31)
SJ3719 TAIRPRK (SEQ ID NO:53) 5J3720 STRRPRP (SEQ ID NO:52) SJ3720
STRRPRP (SEQ ID NO:52) SJ3721 GPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:48)
The following lipases are variants of the Humicola insolens DSM
1800 lipolytic enzyme.
TABLE M3 Lipase variants Peptide addition HILv1s SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35) HILV2s SPPRP (SEQ ID NO:37) HILv3s SPIRK (SEQ ID NO:22)
HILv4s PPPRRPR SEQ ID NO:60)
Enzyme Inhibitor: Soy bean trypsin inhibitor (Boehringer
Mannheim)
Media: YPD: 10 g yeast extract, 20 g peptone, H.sub.2 O to 810 ml.
Autoclaved, 90 ml 20% glucose (sterile filtered) added. LB-medium:
10 g Bacto-tryptone, 5 g Bacto yeast extract, 10 g NaCl in 1 liter
water. SC Ura-plates: 10% 10.times.Basal salts with out amino
acids, 0.5% Casamino acids, 0.02% Threonine, 0.01% Tryptophane, 2%
Glucose, 1.5% Agar. 10.times.Basal salts with out amino acids: 60g
NaOH, 66.8g Yeast nitrogen base with out amino acids (Difco), and
100 g Succinic acid in 1 liter water. FG4 medium: 3% soy meal, 3%
maltodextrin, 1% peptone, pH adjusted to 7.0 with 4 M NaOH Litex
Agarose HSB 2000 (CAT NO: F90472) BG-reagent: 4 mg/ml Brilliant
Green (BG) dissolved in water Substrate 1: 10 ml Olive oil (Sigma
CAT NO. 0-1500) 20 ml 2% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
The Substrate is homogenized for 15-20 minutes.
PCS Detergent 10 g/l:
SDS 0.52 g Dobanol 25-3 0.60 g Dobanol 25-7 0.58 g NaBO.sub.3
H.sub.2 O 1.50 g
Add 1 liter 0.1 M Tris buffer (pH 9), and dilute further with the
Tris buffer to the double concentration of the desired
concentration on the PCS plates.
PCS-plates Solution for making PCS plates
Brilliant Green (BG-reagent) 10 ml Substrate 1 24 ml PCS detergent
500 ml 2% agarose (in TRIS buffer (pH 9) 500 ml Lipase Substrate
(Sigma catalogue no. 800-1) Brilliant Green (Merck, art. No.
1.01310)
Swatches: 3.5.times.3.5 cm and 9.times.9 cm cotton swatches (style
#400 from TestFabrics, Inc. (New Jersey) stained with lard/sudan
red
Lard: Lard coloured with 0.75 mg sudan red/gram lard.
Detergent I:
1.17 g/l LAS (Nansa 1169/P, 30% a.m.) 0.15 g/l AEO (Dobanol 25-7)
1.25 g/l Sodium triphosphate 1.00 g/l Sodium sulphate 0.45 g/l
Sodium carbonate 0.15 g/l Sodium silicate The pH adjusted to 10
Detergent Composition A: 0.300 g/l of alkyl sulphate (AS;
C.sub.4-16) 0.650 g/l of alcohol ethoxylate (AEO; C.sub.12-14, 6EO)
1.750 g/l of Zeolite P 0.145 g/l of Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 0.020 g/l of
Sokalan CP5 0.050 g/l of CMC (carboxy- methyl-cellulose) Mixed in
3.2 mM Ca.sup.2+ /Mg.sup.2+ (5:1) in Milli-Q water, pH 10.2
Detergent Composition B as Detergent Composition A but additional
containing the following bleaching agents: 0.900 g/l Sodium
carbonate peroxyhydrate 0.300 g/l TAED
(tetra-acetyl-ethylene-diamine) Inactivated Ariel Futur (Procter
and Gamble) (commercially available batch No.4279 B 23:35): The
enzymes in the detergent were inactivated by heat (4 minutes at
85.degree. C. in microoven). Chameleon double-stranded, site
directed mutagenesis kit (cat. no.200509) (Stratagene, Lajolle,
Calif.)
Equipment: 473A Protein Sequencer (Applied Biosystems) Toyopearl
Butyl column (XK 16/10) (Pharmacia, Sweden) Q-Sepharose column (HPQ
XK 26/10) (Pharmacia, Sweden) MonoQ column (1 ml) (Pharmacia,
Sweden) Highperformance Q SeparoseO (Pharmacia, Sweden) Spin100
column (Clontech Lab. Inc., CA, USA)
DNA sequencing was performed by using Applied Biosystems ABI DNA
sequence model 373A according to the protocol in the ABI Dye
Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit.
Hybridization Conditions Medium to high stringency Presoaking in
5.times.SSC and prehydbridizing for 1 hour at about 40.degree. C.
in a solution of 20% formamide, 5.times.Denhardt's solution, 50 mM
sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, and 50 mg denatured sonicated calf thymus
DNA, followed by hybridization in the same solution supplemented
with 100 mM ATP for 18 hours at about 40.degree. C., followed by a
wash in 0.4.times. SSC at a temperature of about 45.degree. C.
Construction of Yeast Expression Vector
The expression plasmid pJSO37, is derived from pYES 2.0. The
inducible GAL1-promoter of pYES 2.0 was replaced with the
constitutively expressed TPI (triose phosphate isomerase)-promoter
from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Albert and Karwasaki, (1982), J.
Mol. Appl Genet., 1,419-434), and the URA3 promoter has been
deleted. A restriction map of pJSO37 is shown in FIG. 8.
Method for Constructing Lipolytic Variants
The peptide addition and/or mutations in the non-structural
N-terminal and/or C-terminal end of the parent lipolytic enzyme to
construct modified lipolytic enzymes of the invention were
performed either by site-directed mutagenesis or by random
mutagenesis.
Site-directed in Vitro Mutagenesis of Lipolytic Enzymes
One approach which may be used for introducing mutations into the
lipolytic enzyme gene is described in Nelson & Long. Analytical
Biochemistry, 180, 147-151 (1989). It involves the 3-step
generation of a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) fragment containing
the desired mutation introduced by using a chemically synthesized
DNA-strand as one of the primers in the PCR-reactions. The
construction of a PCR fragment may be performed in accordance with
methods known in the art. From the PCR generated fragment, a DNA
fragment carrying the mutation can be isolated by cleavage with
restriction enzymes and re-inserted into the expression plasmid. In
FIGS. 13 and 14 the method is further outlined.
An alternative method for the construction of variants of a H.
lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme involves the use of the commercial kit,
Chameleon double-stranded, site-directed mutagenesis kit according
to the manufacturer's instructions.
The gene encoding the lipolytic enzyme in question is inserted into
the plasmid pHD414. In accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions the Scal site of the Ampicillin gene of pHD414 is
changed to a Mlul site by use of the following primer: Primer 3:
AGAAATCGGGTATCCTTTCAG (SEQ ID NO:6)
The pHD414 vector comprising the lipolytic gene in question is then
used as a template for DNA polymerase and oligos 7258 and 7770 the
sequences of which are disclosed in the Examples hereinafter. The
desired mutation (e.g. in the N-terminal of the lipolytic gene) is
introduced into the lipolytic gene in question by addition of an
appropriate oligos comprising the desired mutation. When an
N-terminal peptide addition is applied this may be accomplished by
mutating codons of the DNA sequence encoding the pro- or prepro
part of the parent lipolytic enzyme.
PCR reactions are performed according to the manufacturer's
recomendations.
Random Mutagenesis
May be performed essentially as described in WO 95/22615, More
specifically, for performing random mutagenesis in short DNA
stretches such as in the peptide addition, the random mutagenesis
is performed by use of doped or spiked oligonucleotide probes. For
larger DNA stretches PCR generated mutagenesis may be used.
Construction of Random Mutagenized Libraries
a) Rationale and Mathematics Behind the Desing of Random
Mutagenized Libraries
The overall rationale for the random mutagenesis is to mimic the
evolution in nature where a low continuous mutagenesis is coupled
to a continuous selection for a better mutant which is then further
mutagenized. Similarly, the recent in vitro evolution studies
described in the litterature have been performed with consecutive
rounds of mutagenesis with increasing selection pressure (for a
review see Joyce 1992). We have adapted this by using the wt gene
in the first rounds of mutagenesis. Improved variants are then used
in the next rounds of mutagenesis (to improve by small steps). We
have screened under wash correlated conditions that are only just
enough to knock out the wt enzyme activity or improved variants
activity. This means that we increase the stringency of screening
when better and better variants are isolated.
To increase the number of exchanges and to increase the likelyhood
of finding improved variants, localized random mutagenesis have
also been performed. Important regions deduced from the structure
of Lipolase and from results from site-directed mutagenesis were
selected. E.g. the whole lipid contact zone was considered as
important for improvement, especially the lid region and the
lid-contact regions. The lipid contact zone corresponds to 7
regions on the gene which have been mutated. Combinations of the
regions have also been done.
b) Random Mutagenesis of an Entire Lipolytic Enzyme Coding Gene
The plasmid pYESHL is treated with 12 M formic acid for 20 min. at
room temperature. The resulting lipolytic enzyme encoding gene is
amplified from the formic acid treated plasmid using PCR under
mutagenic conditions (0.5 mM MnCl.sub.2 and 1/5 the normal amount
of ATP, see e.g. Leung et al., 1989, This treatment is expected to
give a broad range of mutations since formic acid gives mainly
transversions and PCR generated mutations mainly transitions.
The resulting PCR fragments are cloned either by double
recombination (Muhirad et al., 1992) in vivo into the shuttle
vector or digestion and ligation into the shuttle vector and
transformation of E. coli.
Eight randomly picked clones have been sequenced and were found to
contain 2-3 mutations in average--both transversion and
transitions.
By use of this method seven libraries were made containing from
10,000 to 140,000 clones.
c) Localized Random Mutagenesis
A mutagenic primer (oligonucleotide) is synthesized which
corresponds to the part of the DNA sequence to be mutagenized
except for the nucleotide(s) corresponding to amino acid codon(s)
to be mutagenized. Subsequently, the resulting mutagenic primer is
used in a PCR reaction with a suitable opposite primer. The
resulting PCR fragment is purified and digested and cloned into the
shuttle vector. Alternatively and if necessary, the resulting PCR
fragment is used in a second PCR reaction as a primer with a second
suitable opposite primer so as to allow digestion and cloning of
the mutagenized region into the shuttle vector. The PCR reactions
are performed under normal conditions.
When synthesizing the oligonucleotides used for the localized
random mutagenesis, calculation of the doping level is important to
estimate the mutagenesis frequency. The frequency of nucleotide
exchanges can be calculated using the Binomial distribution
formula:
where N=the number of doped oligo nucleotides; p=the fraction of
none wt nucleotides; i=number of nucleotide exchanges; P(i)=the
probability for the i number of exchanges. It is difficult to
calculate the exact number of aa exchanges from the number of
nucleotide exchanges, because the third position in a codon for
most of the aa can be two or all four nucleotides with out changing
the aa. The same is the case for the first or second position for
the three aa with 6 codons. For estimating the number of aa
exchanges a Monte-Carlo simulation is more appropriate. For example
the program called RAMHA performs such a simulation (described in
Siderovski and Mak 1993). This program simulates the synthesis of
e.g. 10,000 oligonucleotides with the desired doping and calculates
the frequency of 0 to n aa exchanges.
A Doping Example
The relationship between doping and aa exchanges in a region of 13
codons is (calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation):
doping mutations Percent level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5% 0.2 0.35 0.27
0.13 0.05 0 0 0 10% 0.04 0.13 0.24 0.25 0.19 0.11 0.05 0 15% 0.005
0.03 0.10 0.20 0.24 0.23 0.13 0.07
The possible number of combinations of aa exchanges for 13 aa can
be calculated using the formula:
1 aa exchange in 13 aa = 260 possible combination 2 aa exchange in
13 aa = 31200 possible combinations 3 aa exchange in 13 aa = 2.3
.times. 10.sup.6 possible combinations
From this follows that when screening e.g 100,000 colonies of a
library doped with 10% in 13 codons giving the distribution shown
in the above table will mean screening of about 13,000 with one aa
exchange (13%). There are, however, only 260 possible one aa
exchanges, so a large number of the same one aa exchanges are being
screened. A higher doping of e.g. 15% (in the above table) will
give fewer one aa exchanges (about 3%), however, the two aa
exchanges will also be lowered to a degree (10%) that will not
enable screening of the 31200 possible combinations with a
screenings capacity around 100.000.
Finally, the aa exchanges are biased by the origin of the wt amino
acid. E.g. it takes only one nucleotide exchange to change Glu to
Ala, but three from Glu to Phe. This means that the probability is
lower for the aa exchanges that requires 2 or 3 nucleotide
exchanges than for those that requires one nucleotide exchange.
Therefore we have in some cases allowed more than one aa at
positions where we know it is possible. We have always chosen G/C
at the third position of the codons with four or six codons. This
lowers the bias of the wt codon and also lowers the likelyhood of
stop codon (from 4.7% to 3.1% if completely scrambled). For a
calculation of the probability of whether a given pool size contain
the most probable and least probable replacement mutants, see
Palzkill et al. 1994.
Calculation of Population Distribution in Screening of Amplified
Libraries
Another consideration may be taken into account. Most of the
libraries presented herein are amplified in E. coli before they are
transformed into yeast. This means that there is a probability for
screening the same amplified clone more than once--see box 1.
Box I
Screening of an Amplified Random Mutagenized Library of e.g.
100,000 Different Clones
64% of the library is screened when 100,000 colonies have been
screened. 90% of the library is screened when 230,000 colonies have
been screened. 95% of the library is screened when 300,000 colonies
have been screened.
This is assuming that all 100,000 clones are amplified evenly.
The following formula can be used to calculate this:
Anti-termination Strategies
In order to avoid premature truncated proteins nonsense mutations
should be avoided in the codons with a potential to form stop
codons. For codons that can be substituted with alternative codons
with out the potential to form stop codons, the following
strategies can be used:
Gly: GGA GG (G,C,T) Leu: TT (A,G) CTN Arg: (A,C) GA (A,C) GG or CG
(C,T) Ser: TC (A,G) TC (C,T) or AG (C,T)
The following aa can, however, only be specified with codons
exhibiting stop-codon potential: Cys, Glu, Lys, GIn, Trp, and Tyr.
Therefore only the doping can be designed to circumvent the random
placement of nucleotides producing stop codons. For example: Glu
(similar for Lys and Gin): (90% G/5%C,A) (90% A/3.3%C,G,T) (90%
A/3.3%C,G,T). No TAA or TAG=STOP. Tyr (similar for Cys): (90%
T/3.3% A,C,G) (90% A/3.3%C,G,T) (90%C/10% T). No TAG or TAA=STOP.
Trp: (90% T/3.3% A,C,G) (90% G/5%C,T) (90% G/5%C,T). No TGA or
TAG=STOP.
Such a strategy will of course abolish certain a.a. exchanges.
Using these strategies the number of premature truncated proteins
will be lowered dramatically.
Low Calcium Filter Assay
Procedure 1) Provide SC Ura replica plates (useful for selecting
strains carrying an expression vector) with a first protein binding
filter (Nylon membrane) and a second low protein binding filter
(Cellulose acetate) on the top. 2) Spread yeast cells containing a
parent lipase gene or a mutated lipase gene on the double filter
and incubate for 2 or 3 days at 30.degree. C. 3) Keep the colonies
on the top filter by transferring the topfilter to a new plate. 4)
Remove the protein binding filter to an empty petri dish. 5) Pour
an agarose solution comprising an olive oil emulsion (2%
P.V.A.:Olive oil=3:1), Brilliant green (indicator,0.004%), 100 mM
tris buffer pH9 and EGTA (final concentration 5 mM) on the bottom
filter so as to identify colonies expressing lipase activity in the
form of blue-green spots. 6) Identify colonies found in step 5)
having a reduced dependency for calcium as compared to the parent
lipase.
Dobanol.RTM.25-7 Filter Assay:
The screening for an improved tolerance towards a detergent
component is performed by use of a filter assay corresponding to
that described above except for the fact that the solution defined
in 5) further comprises 0.02% Dobanol.RTM.25-7 and optionally
without any EGTA.
An alternative screening assay is the following:
Procedure 1) Provide SC Ura-plates (useful for selecting strains
carrying an expression vector) with a protein binding filter
(Cellulose acetate) on the top. 2) Spread yeast cells containing a
parent lipase gene or a mutated lipase gene on the filter and
incubate for 3 or 4 days at 30.degree. C. 3) Keep the colonies on
the top filter by transferring the topfilter to a new plate. 4)
Remove the protein binding filter to a petri dish containing:
An agarose solution comprising an olive oil emulsion (2% P.V.A.
Olive oil=2:1), Brilliant green (indicator,0.004%), 100 mM tris
buffer pH10 and the detergent or detergent component, e.g.
PCS-plates. The protein binding filter should have the colony side
facing the screening plate. 5) Identify colonies expressing lipase
activity in the form of blue-green spots found in step 4).
Alternatively, the non-protein binding filter (or a protein binding
filter) carrying the yeast colonies may be used directly on the
screening plate.
In Vivo Recombination of Humicola lanuginosa Lipase Variants (Gene
Shuffling)
The DNA sequences of a number of Humicola lanuginosa lipase
variants can be in vivo recombined in the same mixture.
Vectors are prepared from the lipase variants by ligation into the
yeast expression vector pJSO37. All vectors are cut open with
Nrul.
DNA fragment of all homologous DNA sequences are prepared by PCR
amplification using standard methods.
The DNA fragments and the opened vectors are mixed and transformed
into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae YNG318 by standard methods.
The recombination host cell is cultivated and screened as described
above. Apearing transformants are isolated and tested for improved
wash performance using one of the filter assay methods described
above.
Positive transformants are variants with improved wash performance
resulting from gene shuffling of homologous DNA sequences.
Fermentation in Yeast
10 ml of SC-ura.sup.- medium are inoculated with a S. cerevisiae
colony and grown at 30.degree. C. for 2 days. The resulting 10 ml
culture is used for inoculating a shake flask containing 300 ml
SC-ura.sup.- medium which is grown at 30.degree. C. for 3 days. The
300 ml is used for inoculation 5 liter of the following
G-substrate: 400 g Amicase 6.7 g yeast extract (Difco) 12.5 g
L-Leucin (Fluka) 6.7 g (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 10 g MgSO.sub.4
7H.sub.2 O 17g K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 10 ml Tracecompounds 5 ml Vitamin
solution 6.7 ml H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 25 ml 20% Pluronic (antifoam) In a
total volume of 5000 ml:
The yeast cells are fermented for 5 days at 30.degree. C. They are
given a start dosage of 100 ml 70% glucose and added 400 ml 70%
glucose/day. A pH=5.0 is kept by addition of a 10% NH.sub.3
solution. Agitation is 300 rpm for the first 22 hours followed by
900 rpm for the rest of the fermentation. Air is given with 1 l
air/l/min for the first 22 hours followed by 1.5 l air/l/min for
the rest of the fermentation.
Trace compounds: 6.8 g of ZnCl.sub.2, 54.0 g of FeCl.sub.2 6H.sub.2
O, 19.1 g of MnCl.sub.2 4H.sub.2 O, 2.2 CuSO.sub.4 5H.sub.2 O, 2.58
g of CaCl.sub.2, 0.62 g of H.sub.3 BO.sub.3, 0.024 g of
(NH.sub.4).sub.6 Mo.sub.7 O.sub.24 4H.sub.2 O, 0.2 g of Kl, 100 ml
of HCl (concentrated), in a total volume of 1 l.
Vitamin solution: 250 mg of Biotin, 3 g of Thiamin, 10 g of
D-Calciumpanthetonate, 100 g of Myo-Inositol. 50 g of
Cholinchlorid, 1.6 g of Pyridoxin, 1.2 g of Niacinamid, 0.4 g of
Folicacid, 0.4 g Riboflavin. In a total volume of 1 liter.
Expression of Wild Type Humicola lanuginosa Lipolytic Enzyme in
Aspergillus oryzae
Cloning of H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme is described in EP 305
216, It also describes expression and characterization of the
enzyme in A. oryzae. The expression plasmid used is named p960.
The expression plasmid used in this application is identical to
p960, except for minor modifications just 3' to the lipase coding
region. The modifications are described in WO 95/22615 and were
made the following way: p960 was digested with Nrul and BamHI
restriction enzymes. Between these two sites the BamHI/Nhel
fragment from plasmid pBR322, in which the Nhel fragment was filled
in with Klenow polymerase, was cloned, thereby creating plasmid
pAO1 (FIG. 11), which ontains unique BamHI and Nhel sites. Between
these unique sites BamHI/Xbal fragments from p960 was cloned to
give pAHL (FIG. 12).
Transformation of Aspergillus oryzae (General Procedure)
100 ml of YPD (Sherman et al., (1981), Methods in Yeast Genetics,
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) are inoculated with spores of A.
oryzae and incubated with shaking for about 24 hours. The mycelium
is harvested by filtration through miracloth and washed with 200 ml
of 0.6 M MgSO.sub.4. The mycelium is suspended in 15 ml of 1.2 M
MgSO.sub.4, 10 mM NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4, pH 5.8. The suspension is
cooled on ice and 1 ml of buffer containing 120 mg of Novozym.RTM.
234, batch 1687 is added. After 5 min., 1 ml of 12 mg/ml BSA (Sigma
type H25) is added and incubation with gentle agitation continued
for 1.5-2.5 hours at 37.degree. C. until a large number of
protoplasts is visible in a sample inspected under the
microscope.
The suspension is filtered through miracloth, the filtrate
transferred to a sterile tube and overlayed with 5 ml of 0.6 M
sorbitol, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, Centrifugation is performed for
15 min. at 1000 g and the protoplasts are collected from the top of
the MgSO.sub.4 cushion. 2 volumes of STC (1.2 M sorbitol, 10 mM
Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM CaCl.sub.2) are added to the protoplast
suspension and the mixture is centrifugated for 5 min. at 1000 g.
The protoplast pellet is resuspended in 3 ml of STC and repelleted.
This is repeated. Finally, the protoplasts are resuspended in 0.2-1
ml of STC.
100 .mu.l of protoplast suspension are mixed with 5-25 pg of p3SR2
(an A. nidulans amdS gene carrying plasmid described in Hynes et
al., Mol. and Cel. Biol., Vol.3, No.8,1430-1439. August 1983) in 10
.mu.l of STC. The mixture is left at room temperature for 25 min.
0.2 ml of 60% PEG 4000 (BDH 29576), 10 mM CaCl.sub.2 and 10 mM
Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 is added and carefully mixed (twice) and finally
0.85 ml of the same solution are added and carefully mixed. The
mixture is left at room temperature for 25 min., spun at 2.500 g
for 15 min. and the pellet is resuspended in 2 ml of 1.2M sorbitol.
After one more sedimentation the protoplasts are spread on minimal
plates (Cove, (1966), Biochem. Biophys. Acta 113, 51-56) containing
1.0 M sucrose, pH 7.0, 10 mM acetamide as nitrogen source and 20 mM
CsCl to inhibit background growth. After incubation for 4-7 days at
37.degree. C. spores are picked, suspended in sterile water and
spread for single colonies. This procedure is repeated and spores
of a single colony after the second re-isolation are stored as a
defined transformant.
Transformation of A. oryzae A1560-T40
The plasmid carrying a DNA sequence encoding a variant of the
invention is transformed into Aspergillus oryzae A1560-T40, a
protease deficient derivative of A. oryzae IFO 4177, using
selection on acetamide by cotransformation with pToC 90 harboring
the amdS gene from A. nidulans as a 2.7 kb Xba I fragment (Corrick
et al. (1987), GENE 53, 63-71) on a pUC 19 vector (Yannisch-Perron
et al. (1985), GENE 33, 103-119). Transformation is performed as
described in EP 238 023.
Fed Batch Fermentation
Fed batch fermentation is performed in a medium comprising
maltodextrin as a carbon source, urea as a nitrogen source and
yeast extract. The fed batch fermentation was performed by
inoculating a shake flask culture of A. oryzae host cells in
question into a medium comprising 3.5% of the carbon source and
0.5% of the nitrogen source. After 24 hours of cultivation at pH
5.0 and 34.degree. C. the continuous supply of additional carbon
and nitrogen sources are initiated. The carbon source is kept as
the limiting factor and it is secured that oxygen is present in
excess. The fed batch cultivation is continued for 4 days, after
which the enzymes can be recovered by centrifugation,
ultrafiltration, clear filtration and germ filtration. Further
purification may be done by anionexchange chromatographic methods
known in the art.
Purification of H. lanuginosa Lipolytic Enzyme Variants Expressed
in S. cerevisiae
The fermentation broth is sterile filtered and ammonium acetate (92
g) is added to the filtrate (1400 ml) to give a 0.8 M solution of
ammonium acetate. The solution is added onto a Toyopearl Butyl
column (XK 16/10). The column is washed with 0.8 M ammonium acetate
and the lipolytic enzyme eluted in H.sub.2 O at a flow rate of 5
ml/min. 10 ml fractions are collected and lipolytic enzyme
containing fractions are pooled according to activity in the
standard lipase titration assay. The lipase containing pool are
filtered and the pH is adjusted to pH 8.5 and added onto a
Q-Sepharose column (HPQ XK 26/10). The column is washed with 200 ml
0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5 and the lipolytic enzyme eluted in a linear
gradient of 0 to 0.3 M NaCl in 400 ml of 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5 at
a flow rate of 5 ml/min. 10 fractions are collected and the lipase
containing fractions pooled according to activity in the standard
lipase titration assay. Fractions containing lipase activity and
absorption A280/A260 nm is greater than 1.7 are pooled.
Purification of H. lanuginosa Lipolytic Enzyme Variants Without
Peptide Addition and Expressed A. oryzae
Fermentation supernatant from the A. oryzae culture is centrifuged
and cell debris discarded. The supernatant is filtered though a
0.45.mu.millipore filter. Then the is precipitated with 60%
saturated ammonium sulphate. The precipitate is dissolved in water
and solid ammonium acetate added to a final concentration of 0.8 M.
The solution is applied onto a Butyl Toyopearl column
pre-equilibrated with 0.8 M ammonium acetate. The bound enzyme is
eluted with gradient using water and 50% ethanol as eluent.
Fractions containing enzyme activity are then pooled and
conductance is adjusted to lower than 5 mSi and pH is adjusted to
8.5.
The pools containing activity are then applied onto an anion
exchange column (e.g. High performance Q Separose.RTM.)
pre-equilibrated with 25 mM Tris-acetate buffer, pH 8.5. The bound
activity is eluted with linear salt gradient using same buffer and
0.5 M sodium chloride. Fractions containing high lipolytic enzyme
activity are pooled. Fractions containing lipase activity and
absorption A280/A260 nm is greater than 1.7 are pooled.
Purification of wild type H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme expressed
A. oryzae were performed as described above with the exception that
the pH of the lipase containing fractions were adjusted to 7.5,
Lipase Activity (LU--Lipase Units)
Lipase activity is assayed using glycerine tributyrate (Merck) as a
substrate and gum-arabic as an emulsifier. 1 LU (Lipase Unit) is
the amount of enzyme which liberates 1 .mu.mol titratable butyric
acid per minute at 30.degree. C., pH 7.0. The lipase activity is
assayed by pH-stat using Radiometer titrator VIT90, Radiometer,
Copenhagen.
Application of Lard on the Swatches
50 .mu.l of stained lard heated to 70.degree. C. are applied to the
canter of each swatch. After application of the stain the swatches
are heated in an oven for 25 minutes at 75.degree. C. and stored
overnight at room temperature prior to the first wash.
3-cycle Wash Performance
The 3-cycle wash performance of a modified lipolytic enzyme of the
invention can be evaluated on the basis of the enzyme dosage in mg
of protein (or LU) per liter compared to the parent lipolytic
enzyme. Wash trials are carried out in 150 ml beakers placed in a
thermostated water bath. The beakers are stirred with triangular
magnetic rods.
The experimental conditions are as follows: Method: 3 cycles with
overnight drying between each cycle Wash liquor: 100 ml per beaker
Swatches: 6 swatches (3.5.times.3.5 cm, stained with lard coloured
with 0.75 .mu.g sudan red/gram of lard) per beaker Detergent:
Detergent I, pH adjusted to 10.2 Enzyme conc.: 0.075, 0.188, 0.375,
0.75 and 2.5 mg of lipase protein per liter Time: 20 minutes
Temperature: 30.degree. C. Rinse: 15 minutes in running tap water
Drying: overnight at room temperature (.about.20.degree. C., 30-50%
RH) Evaluation: after the 3rd wash, the reflectance at 460 nm was
measured.
Evaluations of Wash Results
Dose-response curves are compared for the modified lipolytic enzyme
and the parent lipolytic enzyme. The dose-response curves is
calculated by fitting the measured data to the following
equation:
where DR is the effect expressed in reflectance units C is the
enzyme concentration (mg/l) DR.sub.max is a constant expressing the
maximum effect K is a constant; K.sup.2 expresses the enzyme
concentration at which half of the maximum effect is obtained.
Based on the characteristic constants DR.sub.max and K found for
each modified lipolytic enzyme as well as the parent lipolytic
enzyme, improvement factors are calculated. The improvement factor,
defined as
expresses the amount of modified lipase protein needed to obtain
the same effect as that obtained with 0.25 mg/l of the reference
parent protein (C.sub.parent).
Thus, the procedure for calculating the improvement factor is as
follows: 1) The effect of the parent protein at 0.25 mg/l
(DR.sub.parent) was calculated by means of equation (I); 2) the
concentration of the modified lipolytic enzyme resulting in the
same effect as the parent enzyme at 0.25 mg/l was calculated by
means of the following equation:
1 Cycle Wash Performance=Assay for Test of First Wash Effect
1 cycle wash trials are carried out in a termostated
Terg-O-to-Meter (TOM). Method: 1 cycle wash followed by linedrying.
Wash liquor: 1000 ml per beaker Swatches: 7 cotton swatches
(9.times.9 cm, stained with lard coloured with 0.75 .mu.g sudan
red/gram of lard) Water: 3.2 mM Ca.sup.2+ /Mg.sup.2+ (5:1)
Detergent: 5 g/l inactivated Ariel Futur.TM.. Natural pH around
10.3, (commercially available batch No.4279 B 23:35) or 5 g/l of
Detergent Composition A or Detergent B. pH adjusted artificially to
10 by NaOH. Lipase concentrations:0, 1250, 12500 LU/l Time: 20
minutes Temperature: 30.degree. C. Rinse: 15 minutes in running tap
water. Drying: Overnight at room temperature (.about.20.degree. C.,
30-40% RH). Evaluation: The fatty matter is extracted using the
soxhlet method and the amount of fatty matter is gravimetrically
determined (examples 11 and 23), and for examples 12-15, 26, 27) as
follows: Evaluation: The reflectance was measured at 460 nm.
Afterwards, the fatty matter was extracted from the swatches with
chloroform in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus, distilling off the
solvent and determining the amount of fatty matter left on the
swatches gravimetrically.
The amout of fatty material may alternatively be determined using
thin layer chromatography(TLC)/Flame Ionization Detector
(FID)].
The percentage of lard removed is determined as: 1) % removal
defined as: [(remaining fat on swatches washed with detergent
without lipolytic enzyme) minus (remaining fat on swatches washed
with detergent with lipolytic enzyme)] divided by (remaining fat on
swatches washed with detergent without lipolytic enzyme) and
multiplied by 100%, or 2) delta reflectance (dR) defined as:
(R(swatches washed in detergent with lipase)-R(swatches washed in
detergent without lipase). The reflectance (which may also be
termed remission) is measured on an Elrepho 2000 apparatus from
Datacolor which illuminates the sample with 2 xenon blitzlambs and
measures the amount of reflected light so that entirely white
correspond to a 100% reflection and entirely black a 0%
reflection.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Production of Wildtype Humicola lanuginosa Lipase in Yeast
For expression Humicola lanuginosa lipase in the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae YNG318 the yeast expression vector pJSO37
(see FIG. 8) was constructed as described in the Material and
Methods section above. pJSO37 comprises the DNA sequence encoding
the parent lipase and includes the DNA sequences encoding the
signal peptide and propeptide (see FIG. 1). The plasmid was
transformed into the yeast by standard methods (cf. Sambrooks et
al., (1989), Molecular Cloning:
A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor). The yeast was
cultivated as described in the Material and Methods section
above.
Purification of H. lanuginosa lipase expressed in S. cerevisiae was
performed as described in the Materials and Methods section above
with the exception that the pH of the lipase containing pool was
adjusted to pH 7.6 (instead of pH 8.5) and the elution of lipolytic
enzyme was conducted at pH 7.25. The lipase containing pool was
diluted with H.sub.2 O and added onto a I ml MonoQ column at a flow
rate of 1 ml/min. The column was washed with 30 ml of H.sub.2 O and
the lipase was eluted in linear gradient of 0 to 0.25 M NaCl in 40
ml. The lipase was manually collected according to absorption at
280 nm.
N-terminal Amino Acid Sequencing of H. lanuginosa Lipase Expressed
in Yeast
The N-terminal amino acid sequencing was conducted on the S.
cerevisiae expressed lipase using the 473A Protein Sequencer
according to the manufacturer's instructions.
When the N-terminal amino acid sequence of S. cerevisiae expressed
lipase is compared to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the
same lipase expressed in A. oryzae (as described in EP 305 216) a
difference was observed, as the major part of the S. cerevisiae
expressed enzyme contains 5 amino acid residues extra (SPIRR-) (SEQ
ID NO:29) at the N-terminus (see Table El) which includes the
corresponding information for the A. oryzae expressed lipase.
TABLE E1 Fraction containing Fraction containing Expression system
SPIRR-EVSQ . . . EVSQ . . . S. cerevisiae 75% 25% A. oryzae 0%
100%
As can be seen from the table a major portion of the secreted
lipase expressed in S. cerevisiae has been extended by the five
amino acid SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) (from the pro-peptide). The
relative amount of enzyme containing the extra amino acid residues
can be established from the yields of PTH-amino acids in amino acid
sequencing.
Example 2
Removal of the SPIRR-peptide from the N-terminus of the H.
lanuginosa Lipase Expressed in S. cerevisiae
To 4.5 mg of the above purified modified ("SPIRR"-containing)
lipase expressed in S. cerevisiae (in 1.8 ml 0.05 M NH.sub.4
HCO.sub.3) was added 50 .mu.g bovine trypsin (sequencing grade) and
the mixture was incubated for 1 hour at 37.degree. C. Upon
incubation the tryptic digest was stopped by adding more than 50 mg
soy bean trypsin inhibitor.
The removal of the N-terminal SPIRR-peptide addition was observed
by N-terminal amino acid sequencing where the fraction containing
SPIRR was reduced from 75% to 13% (See Table E2).
TABLE E2 Fraction containing Fraction containing Treatment
SPIRR-EVSQ . . . EVSQ . . . Untreated (i.e. modified 75% 25%
lipase) Trypsin treatment 13% 87%
The mild trypsin treatment did not result in internal cleavages in
the modified lipase as no internal amino acid sequences were
observed by amino acid sequencing. Also the specific activity of
the trypsin treated lipase was comparable to specific activity of
the untreated lipase showing that the trypsin treatment did not
affect enzyme activity in the standard assay (See Table E3).
TABLE E3 Activity Specific Activity Sample A.sub.280 A.sub.280
/A.sub.260 (LU/ml) (LU/A.sub.280) Untreated (i.e. modified 2.5 1.8
9725 3890 lipase) Trypsin treated 2.2 1.8 9163 4127
Example 3
Construction of Parent Humicola lanuginosa Lipase Expression Vector
and Expression in E. coli
pSX92 (see FIG. 4) was cut with Hind III, blunt ended with Klenow
polymerase and then cut with Clal. The large fragment was isolated
(A). pHLL (see EP 305,216 FIGS. 3 and 4) (comprising the DNA
sequence encoding the parent lipase) was cut with BamH1, blunt
ended, and cut with Xholl. The fragment containing the mature part
of the modified lipase gene was isolated (B).
A and B were ligated together with a synthetic linker (KFN 575/576)
which codes for the last 5 amino acids in the subtilisin 309 signal
fused to the first four amino acids of the mature lipase. The last
nucleotide "A" in the upper strand changed the Xholl site in the
mature lipase gene to a Bgl II site.
Synthetic linker: KFN 575/576: 5'-CGATCGCATCGGCTGCTGAGGTCTCGCAA-3'
(SEQ ID NO:124) 3-TAGCGTAGCCGACGACTCCAGAGGCTTCTAG-5' (SEQ ID
NO:125)
The resulting plasmid (pSX167) comprised the DNA sequence encoding
the mature lipase. pSX167 was cut with Pme I and Bam H1 and the
fragment containing the subtilisin 309 signal sequence-lipase
fusion and the 5S terminator was isolated (1769 bp). This fragment
was ligated into Hinc II-Bam H1 cut pUC19 creating pSX578.
DNA coding for mature lipase down to Bst XI (from pSX167, 654 bp)
was fused to the Achromobacter lyticus protease I signal sequence
(see FIG. 3) from Sph I using the PCR technique "Splicing by
Overlap Extension", Horton et al., (1989), Gene).
Plasmid (pSX578) (see FIG. 5) was cut with Sph I and Bst XI and the
above mentioned PCR DNA was inserted (FIG. 6). The resulting
plasmid pSX581 (see FIG. 7) was transformed into E. coli W3110
lacl.sup.q. When grown in shake flasks for 72 hours in LB-medium
containing 0.4% lactose at 30.degree. C. the resulting strain
produces non-glycosylated lipase with the same specific activity as
the normal glycosylated parent lipase enzyme.
Example 4
Construction of H. lanuginosa Lipase with Peptide Addition in E.
coli
The pSX581 plasmid (see FIG. 7) was digested with BgIII/HindIII and
the vector fragment was purified from an agarose gel using standard
methods.
A PCR reaction was performed with the following primers using
pSX581 as template:
SPIRR Primer: Primer 1 (SEQ ID NO:3): 5'-AA CAG ATC TTG CGA GAC CTC
TCT ACG TAT AGG GCT AGC GAG CGC GGC GCT GAT CG-3' (55-mer)
PCR primer: Primer 2 (SEQ ID NO:4): GTTGTGTGGMTTGTGAGCGG
(21-mer)
The resulting 300 bp fragment was purified on Spin 100 columns and
digested with BgIII/HindIII and again spin 1000 purified. This
fragment was ligated to the above vector fragment. The resulting
plasmid was named pJSO215 and used to transform E.coli W3110
lacl.sup.q. A plasmid preparation was made from a transformant and
DNA sequenced to verify the introduction of the SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) peptide addition.
Example 5
Construction of Random Lipolytic Enzyme Variants
Random mutagenized libraries of the entire H. lanuginosa lipolytic
enzyme gene and of amino acids (aa) 91-97 and 206-211 thereof were
prepared as described in Materials and Methods above.
The amino acid regions 91-97 and 206-211 were chosen for the first
round of localized mutagenesis since these regions have been found
to be important for wash performance. Region 91-97 is a part of the
lid region of the enzyme and region 206-211 constitutes part of the
hydrophobic cleft of the enzyme.
One oligonucleotide was synthesized for each of these regions
comprising 93% of the wild type nucleotides and 2.33% of each of
the other three nucleotides at amino acid codons wanted to be
mutagenized. Where possible without changing the amino acid, the
third nucleotide (the wobble base) in codons were synthesized with
50% G/50% C to give a larger likelihood for changes to amino acids
with one or two codons. The composition of the mutagenic
oligonucleotide of region 91-97 is shown in Table E5-1.
By use of this oligonucleotide a calculated mutation frequency of
approximately 65-70% is obtained in the library for one amino acid
change having been introduced in the parent lipolytic enzyme. The
mutation frequency for two or more amino acid changes having been
introduced are less than 35%. This low mutation frequency is chosen
to ensure that the observed amino acid changes in positive clones
are involved in improving the enzyme and not just "neutral" changes
due to a high mutation frequency.
The mutagenic primers were used in a PCR reaction with a suitable
opposite primer. The resulting PCR fragments were purified and in
the case of region 206-211 digested and cloned into the shuttle
vector. In the case of region 91-97 the resulting PCR fragment was
used in a second PCR reaction as a primer with a second suitable
opposite primer. This step was necessary to be able to digest and
clone the mutagenized region into the shuttle vector.
Libraries of region 91-97 and of region 206-211 have been prepared
containing from 10,000 to 80,000 clones/library. Most colonies were
positive (more than 90%) when checked under conditions where the
parent lipase is positive, i.e. exhibits lipase activity. The
positive reaction was determined in a filter assay with 2.5 mM Ca
(instead of 5 mM EGTA).
450,000 colonies were screened from the different libraries using
the Dobanol.RTM.25-7 and low calcium assays described in Materials
and Methods above. 25 low calcium positives from the aa 91-97
library (lid-region) and twelve Dobanol.RTM.25-7 positives from the
whole gene libraries were isolated. Fourteen of the low calcium
positives from mutagenesis of aa 91-97 were sequenced.
The three other mutations (in codon 83, 103, 145), outside the
mutagenized region, can be explained by PCR misincorporation,
although the mutation of S83T is a transversion which is quite
unusual for PCR misincorporations.
Sequence:
5' 5 C G T 5 C 3' T 7 A A 8 G Bottle 5: 93% A; 2.33% C; 2.33% G and
2.33% T T 8 T T A/C T T 5 C C 7 T T 5 C Bottle 6: 93% C; 2.33% A;
2.33% G and 2.33% T T 8 T T 8 A 6 C/G T 5 6 G Bottle 7: 93% G;
2.33% A; 2.33% C and 2.33% T 5 6 G 7 G A 8 AA A 6 T C Bottle 8: 93%
T; 2.33% A; 2.33% C and 2.33% G 7
Table E5-1: Illustration of the construction of oligonucleotides
(SEQ ID No.92) used for localized random mutagenesis of amino acids
91-97 of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme. The numbers presented
in the sequence refer to the bottles the composition of which is
apppearing to the right of the sequence.
TABLE E5-2 Strain Variant number type 59 I G91A N94K D96A 60 II
S83T N94K D96N 61 II S83T N94K D96N 62 III E87K D96V 63 IV E87K
G91A D96V 64 II S83T N94K D96N 65 III E87K D96V 67 V N94K F95L D96H
69 V N94K F95L D96H 71 III E87K D96V 72 II S83T N94K D96N
Table E5-2: Strain number refers to the originally picked clones
cloned into Aspergillus expression vector pAHL. Variant type refers
to identical clones, which probably have arisen during
amplification of the random mutagenized library. Variant types I
and II are active in 0.01% Dobanol.RTM.25-7 while the rest are
inactive like wild type.
TABLE E5-3 DNA sequence Strain Vari- (Amino acid number above the
sequence) number ant 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
97 98 99 100 -103 -145 wt type GGC TCT CGT TCC ATA GAG AAC TGG ATC
GGG AAT CTT AAC TTC GAC TTG AAA GAA ATA -ATT -CAT 59 I C G G C 60
II A C G G A 61 II A C G G A 62 III A C T 63 IV A C C C C 64 II A C
G G A 65 III A C G T 67 V C A C A C 52/68 wt 53 wt 69 V C A C A C
71 III A C G T 72 II A C G A A 73 VI A ?
Table E5-3: The wild type seqence is shown at the topline. Only
nucleotides differing from wt are written at the variant sequences.
The base of codon 91 and 93 were doped with 1:1 of C/T and T/G,
respectively. Otherwise the nucleotides at codon 91-97 were doped
using 93% wt and 2.33% of the three other nucleotides.
Results from screening a random mutagenized library of aa 85-99
(the lid region) with a doping based on the results obtained from
positives from random mutagenesis of aa 91-97.
Construction of the Random Mutagenized Library
Background
Five different types of strong positive mutants were found in
screening of the first library of the lid region (aa 91-97, see
previous example). D96 was changed to A, V, N or H and amino acid
change E87K, G91A and N94K were found in two to three independent
mutants in combination with a change of D96 indicating their
importance for independence of calcium of Lipolase. Since these
mutations were improved with respect to low calcium/Dobanol
activity compared to wt in several assays, they were used as a
starting point in a second random mutagenesis of the whole lid
region.
Localized Random Mutagenesis
The amino acid region aa 85-99+83S/T were random mutagenized as
follows. Doping scheme: S83--50% S/50% T; E87--93% K/7% X; G91--93%
A/7% X; N94--50% K/50% 100% X; the rest were 93% wt/7% X (the
percentages refers to the doping of the codons at the nucleotide
level (see the sequence of the oligo). The theoretical percentage
of the various amino acid codons resulting from these dopings may
be calculated using a state of the art computer program). Where
possible without changing the amino acid, the third nucleotide (the
wobble base) in codons were synthesized with 50% G/50% C to give a
larger likelyhood for changes to amino acids with only one or two
codons. The composition of the mutagenic oligonucleotide is shown
in SEQ ID NO:94. The none mutagenized nucleotide region were chosen
using the Oligo program optimizing for stability and no secondary
structure.
This mutagenesis gives a calculated frequency of approximately 93%
changes of the starting point (not including S83, N94 and D96) in
the library. This is a very high mutation frequency which should
give the chance af major changes of the lid region.
The mutagenic primer were used in a PCR reaction with a suitable
opposite primer. The resulting PCR fragment was used in a second
PCR reaction as a primer with a second suitable opposite primer.
This step was necessary to be able to digest and clone the
mutagenized region into the yeast expression vector pYESHL. It is
important to take the A added to the 3' end of the PCR fragment by
Taq polymerase into account when designing a mutagenic primer for
such a two step PCR method.
In this way random mutagenized libraries of the region aa
85-99+83S/T were prepared.
Screening
The low calcium filter assay was used with Dobanol and LAS.
Screening of the lid2 library was made with 5 mM EGTA, 0.01%
Dobanol and 0.006% LAS. Several positives were detected and
isolated, sequenced, transformed into Aspergillus, purified and
tested in wash tests.
Sequence and Wash Results of Selected Positives
Underlined shows conditions used in the filter assay.
IF=improvement factor in 3-cycle wash. 5 mM EGTA.0.01%
Dobanol,0.006% LAS E87K,G91A,L931,N94K,D96A. IF=1.3 5 mM EGTA,0.02%
Dobanol N73D,S85T,E87K,G91 A,N94K,D96A. IF=1.1
S83T,E87K,W89G,G91A,N94K,D96V. IF=0.8 E87K,G91 A,D96R,I100V. IF=5.2
S83T,E87K,Q249R 2 g/l PCS E87K,G91A. IF=5.0
Sequence of Oligo-lid2 (SEQ ID NO. 94) 5'-C ATT TAT 886 888 655
(CIG)(A/C/G/T)(A/C/G/T) 755 (C/G)88 (A/C)57 588 (C/G)76 (7/8)58 665
788 688 (8/7)58 775 ACG AG(A/T) GCC ACG-3' Flask 5: 93% A; 2,33% C;
2,33% G og 2,33% T. Flask 6: 93% C; 2,33% A; 2,33% G og 2,33% T.
Flask 7: 93% G; 2,33% A; 2,33% C og 2,33% T. Flask 8: 93% T; 2,33%
A; 2,33% C og 2,33% G.
Local Random Mutagenesis Performed on Two Regions
Simultaneously
Random mutagenized libraries of aa region 56 to 64 and 81 to 99+102
were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods using the
two oligo nucleotides 004 and 005 as shown in Table 4 in a PCR
reaction. Oligo 004 was synthesized for the aa region 81 to 99+102
with 93% wt nucleotides and 2.33% of each of the other 3
nucleotides in each position except for the S83 codon which was
doped to give 50% S/50% T (see table 4). For aa with 4 or 6 codons
a 50%/50% mixture of G/C or A/C was used for the third base (see
table 4). For the third base of the Ile codon a 50%/50% mixture of
bottle 7 and 8 was used. D96L was used as starting point in the
random mutagenesis since it was found in previous good performing
variants. Oligo 005 was synthesized for the aa region 56 to 64 with
93% wt nucleotides and 2.33% of each of the other 3 nucleotides in
each position. For the positions 56, 57 and 62 a bias of positively
charged aa among others were introduced (see table 4). For aa with
4 or 6 codons a 50%/50% mixture of G/C or G/T was used for the
third base. In general the PCR reaction may introduce mutations
outside the doped region which is an advantage since such mutations
may benefit to the property of a variant.
The oligo 004 was also used in combination with oligo 006 (see
table 4) cloned by a double PCR reaction resulting in library
covering region 81 to 99+102 and region 248-257,259, 263-269. The
oligo 006 was synthesized for the aa region 248-257, 259, 263-269
with 93% wt nucleotides and 2.33% of each of the other 3
nucleotides in each position. For aa with 4 or 6 codons a 50%/50%
mixture of G/C or A/C was used for the third base (see table 4).
For the third base of the Ile codon a 50%/50% mixture of bottle 7
and 8 was used.
The oligo 005 and 006 were also used for construction of random
mutagenized libraries using positives in the lid region as a
template.
Table E5-4
Some of the positives obtained from screening these libraries on
detergent containing plates are shown below:
E56R+D57L+I90F+D96L+E99K E56R+D57L+V60M+D62N+S83T+D96P+D102E
D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M
E87K+G91A+D96R+I100V+E129K+K237M+I252L+P256T+G263A+L264Q
E56R+D57G+S58F+D62C+T64R+E87G+G91A+F95L+D96P+K98I
A47V+D62G+D96L+A121T E56G+D57G+V60E+D62G+N94K+D96L
The following variants were obtained from random mutagenesis of the
whole gene alone (by PCR or PCR+formic acid as described in the
Materials and Methods section) and screened on detergent containing
plates:
I34V+S54P+F80L+S85T+D96G+R108W+G109V+D111G+S116P+L124S+V132M+V140Q+V141A+F1
42S+H145R+N162T+I166V+F181P+F183S+R205G+A243T+D254G+F262L
A19T+D167G+E210V+W221L (random mutagenesis based on D167G+E210V)
A49P+D167G+E210V (random mutagenesis based on D167G+E210V)
Example 6
Construction of First Wash Variants of the H. lanuginosa Lipolytic
Enzyme
1. Domain Shuffling by Recombination and Screening
20 H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme variants having a very good
washing performance (as evaluated in various wash related tests)
some of which were constructed according to Example 5 were allowed
to recombine by an in vivo recombination method in S. cerevisiae
YNG318 as described in the Materials and Methods section herein.
The lipolytic enzyme variants used are apparent from table E6-1,
Most of these variants had been constructed by random or localized
random mutagenesis as described in the Materials and Methods
section above and screening for a decreased dependence on calcium
and an improved tolerance towards the detergent component Dobanol
25-7 (cf. the Materials and Methods section above). Some of the
variants are the result of two or more consecutive rounds of
mutagenesis and screening.
The restriction enzyme opened vector and the PCR fragments apparent
from the table below and further discussed in the Materials and
Methods section were mixed in a molar ratio of approximately 1:1
and used for transformation of competent S. cerevisiae cells (made
by the lithium acetate method as described in Current Protocols in
Molecular Biology, eds. F. M. Ausubel et al., chapter 13.7, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA.). The transformed cells were plated on
filters and screened for a reduced calcium dependency and an
increased detergent tolerance using the filter assay described in
the Materials and Methods section above.
Colonies giving a positive signal were streaked out to single
colonies on new plates and filters and re-screened. After2 to 4
rescreenings positive colonies were fermented according to the
method given in the Materials and Methods section above.
After purification the capability of the variant in removing lard
was tested in the one cycle wash assay described in the Materials
and Methods section above. The results are given in Example 14 and
15 hereinbelow.
Table E6-1: Variants used for recombination
Humicola lanuginosa Lipase Variants Used for Preparing Vector
(Opened With Nrul) for Invo Recombination (Gene Shuffling):
E56R,D57L,I90F,D96L,E99K E56R,D57L,V60M,D62N,S83T,D96P,D102E
D57G,N94K,D96L,L97M E87K,G91
A,D96R,I100V,E129K,K237M,I252L,P256T,G263A,L264Q
E56R,D57G,S58F,D62C,T64R,E87G,G91A,F95L,D96P,K98I,(K237M) E210K
Humicola lanuginosa Lipase Variants Used for Preparing DNA
Fragments (by Standard PCR Amplification of the Whole Gene From the
Plasmids Containing the Variant) for Invo Recombination (Gene
Shufflinq): S83T,N94K,D96N E87K,D96V N94K,D96A E87K,G91A,D96A
D167G,E210V S83T,G91A,Q249R E87K,G91A
S83T,E87K,G91A,N94K,D96N,D111N. N73D,E87K,G91A,N941,D96G.
L67P,I76V,S83T,E87N,I90N,G91A,D96A,K98R. E210K
S83T,E87K,G91A,N92H,N94K,D96M S85P,E87K,G91A,D96L,L97V.
E87K,I90N,G91A,N94S,D96N,I100T.
I34V,S54P,F80L,S85T,D96G,R108W,G109V,D111G,S116P,L124S,V132M,V140Q,V141A,
F142S,H145R,N162T,I166V,F181P,F183S,R205G,A243T,D254G,F262L.
E56R,D57L,I90F,D96L,E99K E56R,D57L,V60M,D62N,S83T,D96P,D102E
D57G,N94K,D96L,L97M E87K,G91
A,D96R,I100V,E129K,K237M,I252L,P256T,G263A,L264Q
E56R,D57G,S58F,D62C,T64R,E87G,G91A,F95L,D96P,K98I,(K237M)
2, Domaine Shuffling by Traditional Cloning of Two Positives
Together
The Aspergillus expression vector pHD414 containing a DNA sequence
encoding the Humicola lanuginosa lipase variant
(D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M) were digested with the restriction enzymes
Narl and Xbal resulting in two fragments. The fragments were
separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the largest fragment
were isolated from the agarose gel. This fragment were ligated to
the smallest fragment from digestion of the variant
(S83T+G91A+Q249R) with Narl and Xbal. The ligation was transformed
into E. coli and the resulting plasmid constructions were isolated
from one of the transformants and sequenced to test for the correct
assembly. The plasmid was transformed into Aspergillus oryzae
fermented and purified as described in the Materials and Methods
section.This variant contained the following mutations
D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R.
Example 7
Construction and Expression of Modified H. lanuginosa Lipolytic
Enzyme (HLv9s) in Aspergillus oryzae JaL125
The variant HLv9s contains the following mutations in the mature
part: E1P+D57G+N94K+D96L+Q249R and the N-terminal peptide addition
SPIRPR (SEQ ID NO:20) fused to E1P (resulting in the overall
N-terminal peptide addition SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31).
An N-terminal peptide addition was applied to the parent H.
lanuginosa (DSM 4109) lipolytic enzyme having the amino acid and
DNA sequence, respectively, apparent from EP 305 216, and in
addition carrying the following mutations D57G, N94K, D96L, Q249R
in its mature part (inserted by conventional site-directed
mutagenesis) in the DNA sequence (EP 305 216). The peptide addition
SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) was applied to the N-terminus of the parent
enzymes as follows:
Construction of pIVI220
The plasmid was constructed using the Chamelon double stranded,
site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene according to the
described protocol.
pHL296 was used as the plasmid template. Said plasmid contains the
gene encoding the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme with the above
mentioned mutations (D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R) cloned into
pHD464.
Primer no. 7258 was used as the selection primer. 7258: 5'p gaa tga
ctt ggt tga cgc gtc acc agt cac 3' (SEQ ID NO. 77) (Thus changing
the Scal site found in the ampicillin resistance gene and used for
cutting to a Mlul site).
Primer no. 7770 was used as the selection primer. 7770: 5'p tct agc
cea gaa tac tgg atc aaa tc 3' (SEQ ID NO. 2) (Changes the Scal site
found in the H. lanuginosa lipase gene without changing the amino
acid sequence).
Primer no.8479 was used as the mutagenic primer. 8479: 5'p gcg tgg
acg gcc ttg gct agc cct att cgt cct cga ccg gtc tcg cag gat ctg 3
(SEQ ID NO:80) (replacing the propeptide and the N-terminal E1 of
the parent H. lanuginosa enzyme (SPIRRE (SEQ ID NO:36) by
SPIRPRP(SEQ ID. NO:31)).
Construction of pIVI245
The plasmid was constructed using the Chameleon double-stranded,
site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat no. 200509)
according to the described protocol.
pIVI220 was used as the plasmid templated and primer no.7887 as the
selection primer (changing the introduced Mlu1 site found in the
ampicillin resistance gene and used for cutting to a Scal site).
7887: 5'p-gaa tga ctt ggt tga gta ctc acc agt cac 3' (SEQ ID NO.
77).
Primer no. 8932 was used as the mutagenic primer (8932: 5'p-g aac
tgg ata gga aat ttg aag ttc ctg ttg aaa gaa ata aat gac 3' (SEQ ID
NO. 78) (thus changing M97 back to L97 as wildtype and still
preserving the two mutations N94K and D96L)).
2. Construction of the A. oryzae Expression Plasmid pCaHj483
pCaHj483 is depicted in FIG. 9. It is built from the following
fragments: a) The vector pToC65 (WO91/17243) cut with EcoRI and
Xbal. b) A 2.7 kb Xbal fragment from A. nidulans carrying the amdS
gene (C. M. Conick et al., (1987), Gene 53, p. 63-71). The amdS
gene is used as a selective marker in fungal transformations. The
amdS gene has been modified so that the BamHI site normally present
in the gene is destroyed. This has been done by introducing a
silent point mutation using Primer 3: AGAAATCGGGTATCCTTTCAG (SEQ ID
No. 6) c) A 0.6 kb EcoRI/BamHI fragment carrying the A. niger NA2
promoter fused to a 60 bp DNA fragment of the sequence encoding the
5' untranslated end of the mRNA of the A. nidulans tpi gene. The
NA2 promoter was isolated from the plasmid pNA2 (EP 383 779) and
fused to the 60 bp tpi sequence by PCR. The primer (Primer 4)
encoding the 60 bp tpi sequence had the following sequence:
5'-GCTCCTCATGGTGGATCCCCAGTTGTGTATATAGAGGATTGAGGMGGAAGAGMGTGTGGA
TAGAGGTAAATTGAGTTGGAAACTCCMGCATGGCATCCTTGC--3' (SEQ ID No. 14) d) A
675 bp Xbal fragment carrying the A. niger glucoamylase
transcription terminator. The fragment was isolated from the
plasmid plCAMG/Term (EP 238 023).
The BamHI site of fragment c) was connected to the Xbal site in
front of the transcription terminator on fragment d) via the plC19R
linker (BamHI to Xbal)
Construction of the HLv9s Expression Plasmid pCaHj485
The plasmid pJVi 245 was digested with BamH I and Sal I, and the
resulting 904 bp fragment encoding the HLv9s lipolytic enzyme was
isolated. pCaHj 483 was digested with BamH I and Sal I, and the
large vector fragment (6757) was ligated to the HLv9s fragment. The
ligation mixture was used to transform E. coli DH5.alpha. cells,
and a transformant harbouring the expected plasmid was isolated.
The plasmid was termed pCaHj485.
3. Transformation of pCaHj 485 Into JaL125
Aspergillus oryzae JaL 125 is Aspergillus oryzae IFO 4177 deleted
in the alkaline protease was transformed with pCaHj 485 using
selection on acetamide as described in patent EP 0 531 372.
Transformants were spore reisolated twice. Spores from second
reisolation of each transformant were used to inoculate 200 .mu.l
YPM (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% maltose) in 96 well
microtiter dishes. The YPM cultures were grown for 4 days at
34.degree. C., and the higest producers were selected using a
p-nitro phenylbutyrate assay: Stock solution: 18 .mu.l p nitro
phenyl butyrate was dissolved in 1 ml isopropanol. Working
solution: 0.1 ml stock solution was mixed with 10 ml 50 mM Tris/HCl
pH 7.5; 10 mM CaCl.sub.2. Assay: 1 .mu.l of YPM supernatant was
mixed with 200 .mu.l of working solution in 96 well
microtiterdishes, and the color development was measured at 450 nm
using an ELISA reader.
One transformant was selected for tank fermentation.
4. Tank Fermentation of JaL 125/pCaHj 485
The fermentation was carried out as a fed-batch fermentation using
a constant medium temperature of 34.degree. C. and a start volume
of 1.2 liter. The initial pH of the medium was set to 6.5. Once the
pH had increased to 7.0 this value was maintained through addition
of 10% H.sub.3 PO.sub.4. The level of dissolved oxygen in the
medium was controlled by varying the agitation rate and using a
fixed aeration rate of 1.0 liter air per liter medium per minute.
The feed addition rate was maintained at a constant level during
the entire fed-batch phase.
The batch medium contained maltose syrup as carbon source, urea and
yeast extract as nitrogen source and a mixture of trace metals and
salts. The feed added continuosly during the fed-batch phase
contained maltose syrup as carbon source whereas yeast extract and
urea were added in order to assure a sufficient supply of
nitrogen.
5. Purification of the Modified Lipolytic Enzyme 1) Fermentation
supernatant was filtered through milipore filter Cat. No. AP2504700
Filter type AP25. 2) Fermentation supernatant was filtered once
more on through the sterile filter from Millipore ammonium acetate.
4) A Hydrophobic chromatography on TSK gel Butyl-Toyopearl 650.50
ml column was packed with the Butyl-Toyopearl matrix. The column
was washed and equilibrated with 0.8 M ammonium acetate. One liter
fermentation supernatant adjusted with amonium acetate was then
applied on the Butyl column. The column was washed with 0.8 M
ammonium acetate till all unbound material was washed out. Bound
material was then eluted with water and 50% ethanol sequentially.
Fractions were collected and analyzed for lipase activity using
Standard LU assay. Fractions containing lipase activity were pooled
and diluted to adjust conductivity of the pool below 4 mSi and pH
to 8.5. 5) Anion exchange chromatography on High Performance Q
sepharose (Pharmacia, Code No.17-1014-01). 50 ml column was packed
and washed with 50 mM Borate buffer pH 8.5, Pool containing lipase
activity was then applied on The High performance Q sepharose
column. Unbound material was washed with the Borate buffer pH 8.5,
Bound activity was then eluted with linear gradient using Borate
buffer containing 1 M Sodium Chloride pH 8.5, Fractions were
collected and assayed for Lipase activity. Fractions containing
Lipase activity with a ratio of UV absorbence at A280/A260 more
than 1.7 are pooled.
Example 8
Site-directed Mutagenesis of N-terminal Addition of H. lanuginosa
Lipase
Mutations in the Humicola lanuginosa lipase having a SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) N-terminal addition was performed using the method described
above in the Materials and Methods section.
First the gene encoding the lipase was inserted into the plasmid
pHD414. The Scal site of the Ampicillin gene of pHD414 was then
changed to a Mlul site. The unique Scal site present in the lipase
gene was then removed.
The desired mutation (i.e. SPIRPRP(SEQ ID NO:31)) was introduced in
the N-terminal of the lipase gene by addition of the following
oligo comprising the desired mutation:
oligo 8479 (SEQ ID NO: 5): 5'-P GCG TGG ACG GCC TTG GCT AGC CCT ATT
CGT CCT CGA CCG GTC TCG CAG GAT 5 CTG-3'
This resulted in a H. lanuginosa lipase gene with a SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31) N-terminal peptide addition.
Example 9
Construction of N-terminal Additions by Random Mutagenesis
Random mutagenesis of the part of the DNA sequence encoding the
N-terminal addition SPIRPRP added to the first amino acid residue
of the mature H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme (obtainable from DSM
4109) and containing the following further mutations in its mature
part: D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R was performed. The mutations in the
mature part of the parent lipolytic enzyme was performed by PCR
driven site-directed mutagenesis using the appropriate primer
sequences using the procedures described in WO 95/26215. The
peptide addition SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) was applied as described in
Example 7, (i.e. the last P replacing E1).
The nucleotide doping scheme of the SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) codons
was as follows: Oligo 1: 5'-GCG TGG ACG GCC TTG GCC 86(T/A) 66(A/T)
58(T/A) 67(T/A) 66(T/A) 575 66(T/A) GAG GTC TCG CAG GAT CTG-3'
(57-mer) (SEQ ID NO:81) the numbers referring to which of the
following flasks to be used. Flask 5: 80% A; 6.66% C; 6.66% G og
6.66% T. Flask 6: 80% C; 6.66% A; 6.66% G og 6.66% T. Flask 7: 80%
G; 6.66% A; 6.66% C og 6.66% T. Flask 8: 80% T; 6.66% A; 6.66% C og
6.66% G.
A two step PCR reaction protocol was used: The first step with the
above primer as the 5' primer and with the primer 2056 (5'gca cgt
aat gtt tgt acc 3')) (SEQ ID NO:96) as the 3' primer conducted
using pHL296 as the plasmid template. The product of the first PCR
round was used in a new PCR with 4699 (5'cgg tac ccg ggg atc cac
3')) (SEQ ID NO:97) as the 5' primer (to introduce the BamHI site
and the first part of the coding sequence) and with the PCR product
as the 3' primer using the same template. The resulting product was
purified on Spin 100 (from Clonetech Lab., Inc.) and cut with BamHI
and PvuII. The resulting DNA fragment was purified from the agarose
gel with SpinX (Costar) and ligated into the yeast expression
vector pJSO37 containing the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme gene
from pHL296 cloned as a BamHI-Xbal fragment cut with BamHI and
PvuII. The resulting DNA was electrotransformed into DH10/DH12 E.
coli cells (Gibco/BRG Lifetechnologies) using the conventional
technique.
After transformation into E. coli and amplification the plasmid was
purified and transformed into S. cerevisiae YNG 318. The resulting
S. cerevisiae cells were screened for good performers in the
alternative lipase filter assay containing detergent (3 g/l of
PCS). The positives were sequenced and found to contain the
following peptide additions: GPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:48), SHSRHNA (SEQ
ID NO:153), TAIRPRK (SEQ ID NO:46), SALRRRP (SEQ ID NO:154),
STRRPRP (SEQ ID NO:47), SPRRPRT (SEQ ID NO:33), SPIPPGP (SEQ ID
NO:155), LPFRQRP (SEQ ID NO:49), SPFRPKL (SEQ ID NO:34), and SALRRP
(SEQ ID NO:157) (termed HLv10s1-10, respectively--see Table M1 of
the Materials and Methods section).
The one-cycle wash performance of each of HLv10s1-6 was tested as
described in the Materials and methods section above (Assay for
test of first wash effect) at a temperature 30.degree. C. and using
5 g/l of enzyme inactivated Ariel Futur as detergent. The amount of
fatty material removed by each of the modified enzymes are shown
below:
% lard % lard Lipase variant Low dosage removed High dosage removed
HLv10s1 1250 LU/I 26 12500 LU/I 54 HLv10s2 1250 LU/I 22 12500 LU/I
53 HLv10s3 1250 LU/I 34 12500 LU/I 55 HLv10s4 1250 LU/I 33 12500
LU/I 55 HLv10s5 1250 LU/I 23 12500 LU/I 47 HLv10s6 1250 LU/I 30
12500 LU/I 53
The tendency was that the best performers had more positive charged
amino acids in the N-terminal addition.
Analogously, random mutagenesis of the N-terminal addition RPRPRPRP
(SEQ ID NO:57)added to the H. lanuginosa lipase variant
E1*+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R plus other variants were performed.
The nucleotide doping scheme of the RPRPRPRP (SEQ ID NO:57) codons
was as follows: Oligo 2: 5'-GTC TCT GCG TGG ACG GCC TTG GCG GCG CCA
CCT CCA 67(T/A) 66(T/A) 575 66(T/A) 67(T/A) 66(T/A) 575 66(T/A)
(6/7)(7/8)(C/G) 57(C/G) C57 (5/7)5(C/G) CTG TTT AAC CAG TTC AAT
CTC-3' (93-mer) (SEQ ID NO:82) Flask 5: 80% A; 6.66% C; 6.66% G og
6.66% T. Flask 6: 80% C; 6.66% A; 6.66% G og 6.66% T. Flask 7: 80%
G; 6.66% A; 6.66% C og 6.66% T. Flask 8: 80% T; 6.66% A; 6.66% C og
6.66% G.
APPP is added in the N-terminal of the randomly mutagenized
RPRPRPRP (SEQ ID NO:57) and prior to the signal peptide in order to
protect against proteolytic degradation of the N-terminal addition.
This may not be required. E1 was deleted in order to remove one
negatively charged amino acid. The amino acids in position 2 to 5
of the mature H. lanuginosa lipase sequence were also mutagenized
in order to find improved mutants in this non-structural part of
the lipase. Otherwise the procedure is as stated above for the
random mutagenesis of SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31).
The following N-terminal peptide additions were obtained:
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Leu-Pro-Ile-Ser(APPPRPRLLPIS) (SEQ
ID NO:88)(in addition to the deleted E1 residue this variant
carries the additional mutation D5E in its non-structural
N-terminal part of the mature enzyme).
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Gln-Ser-Pro(APPPTRQRQSP) (SEQ ID
NO:89) (in addition to the deleted E1 residue this variant carries
the additional mutations V2L, S3T and D5V in its non-structural
N-terminal part of the mature enzyme).
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Thr-Ile-Pro-Arg-Ser-Ser-Pro(APPPRTIPRSSP) (SEQ
ID NO:90) (in addition to the deleted E1 residue this variant
carries the additional mutations V2L, S3R and D5E in its
non-structural N-terminal part of the mature enzyme).
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro (APPPRPRPRPRP) (SEQ
ID NO:60) (in addition to the deleted E1 residue this variant
carries the additional mutations V2G and D5E in its non-structural
N-terminal part of the mature enzyme).
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Ser (APPPRTRPRPRS) (SEQ
ID NO:61) (in addition to the deleted E1 residue this variant
carries the additional mutations V2GL, S3T, Q4P and D5E in its
non-structural N-terminal part of the mature enzyme).
Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Lys-Ala-Ser-Pro-Arg-Gln-Arg-Pro (APPPKASPRQRP) (SEQ
ID NO:67) (in addition to the deleted E1 residue this variant
carries the additional mutations V2GL, D5Q and L6M in its
non-structural N-terminal part of the mature enzyme).
Example 10
3-cycle Wash Performance of H. lanuginosa Lipase With a Peptide
Addition
The wash performance of the Humicola lanuginosa lipase described in
EP 305 216 and variants thereof (i.e. modified lipolytic enzymes of
the invention) was tested using the 3-cycle wash performance test
(described in the Materials and Methods section above) using 4.2
g/l of a European type powder detergent composition. The detergent
did not contain any enzymes prior to the addition of the modified
lipase of the invention. The detergent was dissolved in
approximately 18.degree. dH (German Hardness) water. The pH of the
wash liquor was about 10.
After the third wash cycle the performance of a modified lipase of
the invention and of the parent lipase expressed in Aspergillus
oryzae was assessed. This was done by calculating the improvement
factor (fimprove) as described above.
The results of these tests are shown in Table E10 below.
TABLE E10 3-cycles N-terminal +/- f.sub.improve SPIRR (SEQ
(Improvement Lipase ID NO:29) factor) Parent lipase (expressed in
A. oryzae) - 1.0 (reference) Modified lipase (expressed in yeast) +
2.2 Modified lipase (expressed in yeast) - 0.6 (treated with
trypsin) Variant of parent lipase (HLv1s) + 9.3 (expressed in
yeast) Variant of parent lipase (HLv1) - 1.8 (expressed in A.
oryzae) Parent lipase (expressed in E. coli) - 1.0 Modified lipase
(expressed in E. coli) + 2.0 (+SPIRR) (SEQ ID NO:29) Modified
lipase (expressed in + 2.1 Hansenula)
It can be seen from Table E10 that the peptide addition (i.e.
SPIRR) (SEQ ID NO:29)applied to the N-terminal of parent Humicola
lanuginosa lipase at least doubles the wash performance.
Example 11
One Cycle Wash Performance of Modified H. lanuginosa Lipases
Containing an Addition
The one cycle wash performance test (described above in the
Materials and Methods section above) was performed of Humicola
lanuginosa lipase variants of Table M1 with and without the
SPIRR-peptide (SEQ ID NO:29) addition in 5 g/l of enzyme
inactivated Ariel.TM. Futur (Procter and Gamble). The tests were
performed at lipase concentrations of 0, 1250 12500 LU/l.
The detergent was dissolved in approximately 18.degree. dH (German
Hardness) water. The pH of the wash liquor was about 10.3.
The amount of soxhlet extracted fatty matter removed from textile
are shown in the table below. Corresponding lipase variants with
and without peptide addition are listed two and two.
TABLE E11 +/- SPIRR % lard Lipase (SEQ low re- High % lard variant
ID NO:29) dosage moved dosage removed HLv2s SPIRR (SEQ 1250 LU/I
12.5 12500 LU/I nd ID NO:29) HLv2 -- 1250 LU/I 1.7 12500 LU/I 6.0
HLv3s SPIRR (SEQ 1250 LU/I 8.9 12500 LU/I 33.9 ID NO:29) HLv3 --
1250 LU/I 4.6 12500 LU/I 6.9 HLv4s SPIRR (SEQ 2500 LU/I 26.5 12500
LU/I 47.6 ID NO:29) HLv4 -- 0.25 mg/l 1 12500 LU/I 26 HLv1s SPIRR
(SEQ 1250 LU/I 12.8 12500 LU/I 45 ID NO:29) HLv1 -- 1250 LU/I 1.8
12500 LU/I 7.2 HLv5s SPIRR (SEQ 1250 LU/I 11.4 12500 LU/I 36.5 ID
NO:29) HLv5 -- 1250 LU/I 1 12500 LU/I 10.6 HLv8s SPIRR (SEQ 1250
LU/I 4.5 12500 LU/I Nd ID NO:29) HLv8 -- 1250 LU/I 0 12500 LU/I 1
nd: not determined
The above results clearly shows that the lipase variants with a
peptide addition have a significantly improved one cycle wash
performance in comparison to the corresponding lipase variant
without a peptide addition.
Example 12
First Wash Activity of Lipolytic Enzymes of the Invention
The first wash activity of lipolytic enzymes was tested using the
"Assay for test of First Wash effect" described in the Materials
and Methods section above with Detergent Composition A or B. A few
of the new first wash lipase are compared to what is considered as
being the present state of art within lipolytic enzymes for
detergents.
Note: .sunburst. are produced in Aspergillus oryzae as described in
example 7.
% removal at % removal at Lipolytic Enzyme 1250 LU/I 12500 LU/I
Detergent Composition A E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + 15% 49% D57G +
N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R Lumafast .TM. (Ps. mendocina) 0% 2%
Lipomax .TM. (Ps. Pseuodoalcaligenes L21M) 0% 9% Fusarium solani
pisi 0% 0% Lipolase 0% 0% Lipolase Ultra 0% 0% Detergent
Composition E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID 15% 46% NO:31) + D57G + N94K + D96L +
L97M + Q249R Lumafast .TM. (Ps. mendocina) 6% 6% Lipomax .TM. (Ps.
Pseuodoalcaligenes L21M) 0% 0% Liposam .TM. 4% 7% Fusarium solani
pisi 2% 5% Lipolase 5% 6% Lipolase Ultra 6% 0% Additional examples:
Detergent Composition A % removal at 12500 Lipolytic Enzyme LU/I
SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + D57G + G59V + N94K + D96L + 42% L97M + S116P
+ S170P + Q249R* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + A49P + D167G + E210V* 44%
SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + E56K + D57G + D62R + S83T + 36% S85F + D96L
+ D102Y + E210K* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + N94K + F95L + D96H + 41%
N101S + F181L + D234Y + I252L + P256T + G263A + L264Q*
Example 13
Activity-in-Detergent (AiD) Assay
The AiD assay is an analytical assay that is useful for selecting
parent lipolytic enzymes to be used in the construction of a first
wash lipolytic enzyme as described herein. Equipment:Water bath
with 150 ml beakers. Stirring is obtained by an agitator. Lipolytic
enzyme dosage:12500 LU/l. Substrate:6 pieces (3.5*3.5 cm) of cotton
with 6 pl olive oil for one test. Detergent:0.5 g/l model liquid
detergent dissolved in 0.36 mM Ca.sup.2 /Mg.sup.2 (5:1), adjusted
to pH 10, 100 ml per beaker.
After stirring the sample for 60 min. at 30.degree. C. the
remaining detergent on the swatches is removed by addition of tap
water for 15 min. The swatches are put into a flask containing 10
ml Tetrahydrofuran and 6.25 ml 4 M HCl and evaporated over night,
after which the sample is redissolved in Tetrahydrofuran. The fat
composition is determined by TLC/FID and the amount of % FFA (free
fatty acids) is used to distinguish between the lipolytic enzymes.
detergent formulation below
Note .sunburst. are produced in Aspergillus oryzae ast as described
in example 7
AiD assay Lipolytic Enzyme % FFA SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + 20% D57G +
G59V + N94K + D96L + L97M + S116P + S170P + Q249R* SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) + A49P + D167G + E210V* 25% SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + 25% E56K
+ D57G + D62R + S83T + S85F + D96L + D102Y + E210K* SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) + N94K + F95L + D96H + N101S + 20% F181L + D234Y + I252L +
P256T + G263A + L264Q* E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + 27% D57G + N94K +
D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst. Lumafast .TM. (Ps. mendocina) 5%
Lipomax .TM. Cos (Ps. pseudoalcaligenes) 31% Fusarium solani pisi
6% Lipolase 5% Lipolase Ultra 5% Model liquid detergent: Component
% w/w LAS 17.50 AEO 14.40 DTSA 10.00 Oleic acid 3.00 Coconut oil
5.00 MEA 14.50 MPG 10.70 Ethanol 1.40 Phosphonate 1.00 Boric acid
0.80 Citric acid 3.90 Sodium chloride 0.13 Potassium chloride 0.38
Hydrochloric acid 4 M 6.00 Water 9.7
Example 14
The first wash activity of a large number of potential first wash
lipolytic enzyme was tested using the "Assay for test of First Wash
effect" described in the Materials and Methods section above with a
specific commercial detergent--Ariel Futur (commercially available
batch No.4279 B 23:35). The enzymes already present in the
detergents were inactivated by heat (4 minutes at 85.degree. C. in
micro oven) prior to wash.
The first table can be used to compare to example 12 and 13.
Afterwards the results are divided as follows: a) % removal when
dosing after LU-units (see methods & materials for definition)
b) % removal when dosing after milligrams of pure enzyme protein c)
delta Reflectance when dosing after LU-units (see methods &
materials for definition) d) delta Reflectance when dosing after
milligrams of pure enzyme protein
Note: .sunburst. are produced in Aspergillus oryzae as described in
example 7
The following results were obtained:
Enzyme Inactivated Commercial European Detergent % removal at 1250
12500 Lipolytic Enzyme LU/I LU/I SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + D57G + G59V
+ N94K + 12% 37% D96L + L97M + S116P + S170P + Q249R* SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) + A49P + D167G + E210V* 8% 38% SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + E56K +
D57G + D62R + 8% 34% S83T + S85F + D96L + D102Y + E210K* SPIRR (SEQ
ID NO:29) + N94K + F95L + D96H + 11% 37% N101S + F181L + D234Y +
I252L + P256T + G263A + L264Q* E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + 27% 53%
D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst. Lumafast .TM. (Ps.
mendocina) 3% 3% Lipomax .TM. (Ps. pseuodoalcaligenes L21M) 1% 0%
Fusarium solani pisi 0% 1% Lipolase 0% 0% a) Enzyme Inactivated
Commercial European Detergent % removal at 1250 2500 12500
Lipolytic Enzyme LU/I LU/I LU/I SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + D57G + N94K
+ 12% n.d. 38% D96L + L97M + Q249R* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + N94K +
D96L + 13% n.d. 45% Q249R* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + I90F + D96L +
n.d. 27% 48% E99K + V187A* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + D137G + D167G +
13% n.d. 47% D210V + W221L* SHSRHNA (SEQ ID NO:153) + n.d. 22% 53%
D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R* GPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:48) + n.d.
26% 54% D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R* TAIRPRK (SEQ ID NO:46) +
n.d. 34% 55% D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R* b) Enzyme
Inactivated Commercial European Detergent % removal at Lipolytic
Enzyme 0.25 mg/l 2.50 mg/l I90F + D96L + E99K + V187A.sunburst. 1%
26% E1PSPIRPR (SEQ ID NO:20) + D57G + N94K + 21% 51% D96L + L97M +
Q249R.sunburst. c) Enzyme Inactivated Commercial European Detergent
delta Reflectance (dR) 1250 5000 12500 Lipolytic Enzyme LU/I LU/I
LU/I A47V + D92G + D96L + A121T.sunburst. 1 n.d. 2 D57G + N94K +
D96L + P256T.sunburst. 0 n.d. 2 N94K + D96A + Q249R.sunburst. 0
n.d. 2 SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + Lipolase .TM.* n.d. n.d. 3 D57G +
G59V + N94K + D96L + L97M + 1 n.d. 3 S116P.sunburst. D57G + N94K +
D96L + L97M + D167G + 1 n.d. 3 E210V.sunburst. QPIRR + D57G + N94K
+ D96L + L97M + 1 n.d. 3 Q249R.sunburst. SPIR (SEQ ID NO:28) + D57G
+ N94K + n.d. n.d. 4 D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst. SHWQQ (SEQ ID
NO:56) + 1 n.d. 4 D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst. I90F
+ D96L + E99K + V187A + D234Y.sunburst. 1 4 n.d. E1AWWPSPIRPRP (SEQ
ID NO:59) + 2 6 n.d. D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst.
SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + A19T + D167G + 1 n.d. 6 E210V + W221L* SPIRR
(SEQ ID NO:29) + D57G + N94K + 1 n.d. 6 D96L + P256T* SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) + E56K + D57G + 4 n.d. 11 D62R + S83T + S85F + D96L + D102Y
+ E210K* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + N94K + F95L + 4 n.d. 11 D96H +
N101S + F181L + D234Y + Y252L + P256T + G263A + L264Q* SPIRR (SEQ
ID NO:29) + D57G + G59V + 5 n.d. 11 N94K + D96L +L97M + S116P +
S170P + Q249R* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + A49P + D167G + 3 n.d. 12
E210V* SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + N94K + D96L + 4 n.d. 13 Q249R* SPIRR
(SEQ ID NO:29) + D137G + D167G + 5 n.d. 13 E210V + W221L* SPIRR
(SEQ ID NO:29) + D57G + N94K + 6 n.d. 13 D96L + L97M + Q249R* SPIRR
(SEQ ID NO:29) + I90F + D96L + 6 n.d. 15 E99K + V187A* d) Enzyme
Inactivated Commercial European Detergent Delta Reflectance (dR)
0.25 1.00 2.50 Lipolytic Enzyme mg/l mg/l mg/l D57G + N94K + D96L +
L97M + D167G + 1 n.d 3 E210V.sunburst. S3R.D137G + D167G + E210V +
W221L.sunburst. 0 2 2 D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + E210K.sunburst.
n.d. n.d. 3 E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + n.d. 4 n.d. I90F + D96L +
E99K + D137G + D167G + V187A + Q249R.sunburst. E87K + G91A + D167G
+ E210V.sunburst. n.d. n.d. 4 E87K + G91A + E210K.sunburst. 1 n.d.
4 I90F + D96L + E99K.sunburst. 0 2 5 APPPRTRPRPRPR (SEQ ID NO:61) +
E1S + 0 2 n.d. V2G + S3T + Q4P + D5E + D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M +
Q249R.sunburst. N94K + D96L + L97M + N233R + Q249R.sunburst. 0 3
n.d. SPIRKSPIRR (SEQ ID NO:157) + I90F + 1 3 5 D96L + E99K +
V187A.sunburst. D137G + D167G + E210V + W221L + N233R.sunburst. 1 3
5 SPIRRSPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) + 190F + D96L + 1 3 6 E99K +
V187A.sunburst. D167G + E210V + N233R + Q249R.sunburst. 1 3 n.d.
E1W + V2P + N94K + D96L + Q249R.sunburst. 1 3 n.d. D96L + E99K +
V187A.sunburst. 1 3 n.d. E1SPPWWPRW (SEQ ID NO:73) + N94K + 2 3
n.d. D96L + Q249R.sunburst. N94K.sunburst. 2 3 n.d. D96L + D137G +
D167G + E210V.sunburst. 2 3 n.d. E1SQRIKQRIK (SEQ ID NO:63) + I90F
+ 0 4 n.d. D96L + E99K + V187A.sunburst. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) +
0 4 n.d. I90F + D96L + E99K + D137G + D167G + V187A +
Q249R.sunburst. I90F + D96L + E99K + V187A + D234Y + 0 4 n.d.
Q249R.sunburst. I90F.D96L + E99K + V187A + N233R.sunburst. 1 4 n.d.
E1A + S3R + N94K + D96L + Q249R.sunburst. 1 4 n.d. S3R + I90F +
D96L + E99K + V187A + 1 4 n.d. Q249R.sunburst. E1A + I90F + D96L +
E99K + V187A.sunburst. 1 4 7 I90F + D96L + E99K + V187A.sunburst. 1
4 8 EISPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + D57G + N94K + 2 4 n.d.
D96L.sunburst. E1SPPWWP (SEQ ID NO:39) + N94K + D96L + 2 4 n.d.
Q249R.sunburst. SPIRK (SEQ ID NO:22) + 3 4 10 D57G + N94K + D96L +
L97M + Q249R.sunburst. SPIRRP (SEQ ID NO:24) + 3 n.d. 11 D57G +
N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst. I90F + D96L + E99K + V187A +
Q249R.sunburst. 1 5 8 I90F + D96L + E99K + V187A + T231R.sunburst.
2 5 n.d. E1SPPRWP (SEQ ID NO:41) + N94K + 2 5 n.d. D96L +
Q249R.sunburst. E1SPPRWPWR (SEQ ID NO:71) + N94K + 2 5 n.d. D96L +
Q249R.sunburst. N94K + D96L + E99K.sunburst. 2 5 n.d. E1A + I90F +
D96L + E99K + Q249R* 1 6 n.d. E1K + D96L + D167G + E210V + N233R +
2 6 n.d. Q249R.sunburst. E1SPIRKPRIK (SEQ ID NO:147) + 2 6 n.d.
I90F + D96L + E99K + V187A.sunburst. SHWRK (SEQ ID NO:44) + 3 6
n.d. D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst. SPIRKAWWP (SEQ ID
NO:22) + I90F + 2 7 10 D96L + E99K + V187A.sunburst. N94K + D96L +
E99K + Q249R.sunburst. 2 7 n + d. E1SPPWRPRR (SEQ ID NO:72) + N94K
+ 2 7 n.d. D96L + Q249R.sunburst. EISPPRWPRR (SEQ ID NO:69) + N94K
+ 2 7 n.d. D96L + Q249R.sunburst. D137G + D167G + E210V + W221L +
D234R.sunburst. 2 7 n.d. P-4C + N94K + D96L + E239C +
Q249R.sunburst. 3 7 n.d. E1SPIRPRPSPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + 3 7 n.d.
D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst. E1APPPRPRPRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:60) + 4 7 n.d. V2G + D5E + D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R*
E1SPPWPRPRP (SEQ ID NO:76) + N94K + 2 8 n + d. D96L +
Q249R.sunburst. E1SPKRKPRP (SEQ ID NO:62) + 3 8 n.d. D137G + D167G
+ E210V + W221L.sunburst. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + 4 8 n.d. D96L +
E99K + D137G + D167G + V187A + Q249R.sunburst. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35) + D57G + N94K + 4 9 11 D96L + Q249R.sunburst. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ
ID NO:31) + N94K + D96A + 4 9 n.d. Q249R.sunburst. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO:35) + 5 9 n.d. D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst.
E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + 5 9 n.d. I90F + D96L + E99K + D137G +
V187A.sunburst. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35)+ 5 9 n.d. Y53C + D57G +
N94K + D96L + K127C + Q249R.sunburst. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + 4
10 n.d. I90F + D96L + E99K + D137G + V187A + Q249R.sunburst.
E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + N94K + D96L + 5 10 n.d. Q249R.sunburst.
E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + N94K + D96L + 5 10 n.d. E99K.sunburst.
E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + N94K + D96L + 5 10 n.d. E99K +
Q249R.sunburst. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + D57G + N94K + 6 10 13
D96L + Q249R.sunburst. E1SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:35) + I90F + D96L + 6 10
15 E99K + V187A.sunburst. E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + N94K + D96L +
6 10 n.d. L97M + Q249R.sunburst. E1SPPRPRP (SEQ ID NO:152) + N94K +
6 10 n.d. D96L + Q249R.sunburst. APPPRPRLLPIS (SEQ ID NO:88) + 6 10
n.d. D5E + D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R* E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:31) + 7 10 13 D137G + D167G + E210V + W221L.sunburst. E1SPPPRPRP
(SEQ ID NO:64) + 7 10 n.d. N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R.sunburst.
E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + N94K + 7 11 n.d. D96L + Q249R.sunburst.
E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) + 7 13 16 D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M +
Q249R.sunburst.
Example 15
The first wash activity of one first wash lipolytic enzyme was
tested using the "Assay for test of First Wash effect" described in
the Materials and Methods section above with an array of commercial
detergents. The enzymes already present in the detergents were
inactivated by heat (4 minutes at 85.degree. C. in microoven) prior
to wash.
The Lipolase variant E1SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R produced in Aspergillus oryzae as
described in example 7 was used.
The following different geographic condtions were used: European:
Time: 20 min. Temperature: 30.degree. C. Water hardness: 3.2 mM
Ca2/Mg.sup.2 (5:1) .about.18.degree. dH US: Time: 10 min.
Temperature: 30.degree. C. Water hardness: 1.07 mM Ca.sup.2
/Mg.sup.2 (5:1) .about.6.degree. dH
dR at dR at Detergent 0.25 mg/l 1.00 mg/l E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31)
+ D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R in US detergents Wisk HDL (2
g/l) 3 5 Wisk w. bleach (1 g/l) 3 7 Surf w. bleach (1 g/l) 1 4 Tide
HDL (2 g/l) 1 4 Tide w. bleach (1 g/l) 2 5 E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31)
+ D57G + N94K + D96L + L97M + Q249R in European detergents Ariel
Futur (5 g/l) UBA 06731122 6 12 Ariel Futur color (5 g/l) UBA
06730101 7 11 Tandil Ultra Plus (5 g/l) UBA 02500191 4 12 Tandil
Ultra Plus Color (5 g/l) UBA 05761612 5 13 Sunil Aktiv (5.5 g/l)
UBA 05580168 4 15 Sunil Aktiv Citrus (5.5 g/l) UBA 05580168 3 13
Sunil Aktiv Color (5.5 g/l) UBA 05580169 4 13 Persil Megapearls (5
g/l) UBA 04163661 2 12 Persil Megapearls Color (5 g/l) UBA 04163662
3 16
Example 16
Construction of Ps. cepacia Lipase Variants Comprising Peptide
Additions
A lipase gene from Pseudomonas cepacia SB10, DSM 3959, described in
WO 89/01032 (from Novo Nordisk A/S) recently reclassified as
Burkholderia cepacia was cloned, and temperature-inducible
expression of the lipase in Escherichia coli was obtained by use of
the plasmid pAHE2. Strain SJ1503 is E. coli JA221 containing
pAHE2.
To construct vectors expressing variant lipases with N-terminal
extensions, use were made of two unique restriction sites present
in pAHE2, a unique BstXI site approximately 9 codons into the
lipase signal peptide coding sequence, and a unique Mlul site
approximately 7 codons downstream from the processing site, i.e. in
the beginning of the sequence for the mature lipase.
PCR primers were designed to allow amplification across this
region, with the primers reading upstream from the Mlul site
encompassing sequences encoding the N-terminal extensions. All
primers had incorporated EcoRI sites in their extreme 5' ends.
The following sequences were chosen to encode N-terminal
extensions: 1) S P I R P R P(SEQ ID NO:31) AGC CCG ATC CGC CCG CGC
CCG (SEQ ID NO:126) 2) T A I R P R K(SEQ ID NO:46) ACG GCG ATC CGC
CCG CGC AAG (SEQ ID NO:127) 3) S T R R P R P (SEQ ID NO:47) TCG ACG
CGC CGT CCG CGC CCG (SEQ ID NO:128) 4) G P I R P R P (SEQ ID NO:48)
GGC CCG ATC CGC COG CGC CCG (SEQ ID NO:129) 5) S P I R R(SEQ ID
NO:29) AGC CCG ATC CGC CGG (SEQ ID NO:130) 6) R P R P R P R P (SEQ
ID NO:57) CGC CCG CGT CCC AGG CCG CGT CCG (SEQ ID NO:131)
The following primers were used: LWN9476 (SEQ ID No. 7) (reading
downstream from the BstXI site):
5'-CGMTTCGATGCGTTCCAGGGTGGTGGCAGG-3' LWN9472 (SEQ ID No. 8)
(reading upstream from Mlul, designed to incorporate SPIRPRP):
5'-CGMTTCACGCGTCGCCGCGTAGCCAGCGGCCGGGCGCGGGCGGATCGGGCTGGGCG
CGGTGGCCGCCATTGCC-3' LWN9473 (SEQ ID No. 9) (reading upstream from
Mlul, designed to incorporate TAIRPRK):
5-GAATTCACGCGTCGCCGCGTAGCCAGCGGCCTTGCGCGGGCGGATCGCCGT
GGGCGCGGTGGCCGCCATTGCC-3' LWN9471 (SEQ ID No. 10) (reading upstream
from Mlul, designed to incorporate STRRPRP):
5'-CGAATTCACGCGTCGCCGCGTAGCCAGCGGCCGGGCGCGGACGGCGCGTCGAGGGCG
CGGTGGCCGCCATTGCC-3' LWN9474 (SEQ ID No. 11) (reading upstream from
Mlul, designed to incorporate GPIRPRP):
5'-CGAATTCACGCGTCGCCGCGTAGCCAGCGGCCGGGCGCGGGCGGATCGGGCCGGGCG
CGGTGGCCGCCATTGCC-3' LWN9475 (SEQ ID No. 12) (reading upstream from
Mlul, designed to incorporate SPIRR):
5'-CGMTTCACGCGTCGCCGCGTAGCCAGCGGCCCGGCGGATCGGGCT-GGGCGCGGTGGCCGCCATTGCC-3'
LWN9470 (SEQ ID No. 13) (reading upstream from Mlul, designed to
incorporate RPRPRPRP):
5'-CGMTTCACGCGTCGCCGCGTAGCCAGCGGCCGGACGCGGCCTGGGACGCGGGCGGG
GCGCGGTGGCCGCCATTGCC-3'
For PCR amplifications, primer LWN9476 was used in combination with
each of primers LWN9470-LWN9475, with pAHE2 as template. Annealing
temperature was 70.degree. C., and reactions were performed in the
presence of 2% DMSO; otherwise using standard conditions and
Taq.TM. polymerase.
Amplified fragments were purified from a 2% agarose gel, digested
with BstXI and Mlul, ligated to the 7.1 kb BstXI-Mlul fragment
obtained from pAHE2, and the ligation mixture used to transform, by
electroporation, E. coli SJ6 to ampicillin resistance.
Transformants were plated on LB plates with ampicillin (200 mg/ml)
at 30.degree. C.
By replica plating colonies were transferred to lipase screening
plates (containing, pr. liter of agar, 20 ml of Sigma Lipase
Substrate (catalogue no. 800-1)) and 4 ml of a 1% Brilliant Green
(Merck, art. No. 1.01310) solution), which were incubated at
42.degree. C. Eventually, green halos, indicating lipase activity,
developed around several colonies from each transformation
mixture.
Lipase positive colonies were re-isolated, plasmids extracted, and
the BstXI-Mlul region DNA sequenced. The following strains were
kept:
SJ3606 (SJ6/pSJ3606); contains the SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31)encoding
addition, and has also the second codon in the native, mature
enzyme changed from alanine to valine.
SJ3608 (SJ6/pSJ3608); contains a SPRP (SEQ ID NO:27) encoding
addition (DNA sequence of insert TCT CCG CGC CCG (SEQ ID NO:132)
(Obtained as a variant in attempts to produce a STRRPRP (SEQ ID
NO:47) encoding addition.
SJ3708 (SJ6/pSJ3708); contains the SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29)encoding
addition.
SJ3717 (SJ6/pSJ3717); contains the SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO: 31)encoding
addition.
SJ3718 (SJ6/pSJ3718); contains the SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) encoding
addition.
SJ3719 (SJ6/pSJ3719); contains the TAIRPRK (SEQ ID NO:46)encoding
addition.
SJ3720 (SJ6/pSJ3720); contains the STRRPRP (SEQ ID NO:47)encoding
addition.
SJ3721 (SJ6/pSJ3721); contains the GPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:48)encoding
addition.
Example 17
Shake Flask Fermentation of Ps. cepacia Lipase Variants
Cultures provided in Example 16 were grown on TY-ampicillin plates
(pH 7) and used to inoculate shake flasks containing 100 ml double
concentrated TY-medium with ampicillin (100 mg/ml) pH 7. The
inoculum was checked for lipase productivity (as described in the
Materials and Methods section) by streaking on indicator plates:
all cells were found to be lipase positive (plates were incubated
at 30.degree. C. for 2 days, then transferred to 40.degree. C. for
1 day).
The shake flasks were incubated shaking at 275 rpm at 30.degree. C.
for 6 hours until the cultures reached optical densities (578 nm)
of 2.8 to 5.3. The cultures were then transferred to 40.degree. C.
for another 17 hours.
Check of Lipase Production in a Ps. cepacia Culture
The culture was harvested, centrifuged (20 minutes at 9000 rpm),
the supernatant discarded and the pellet re-suspended in NaCl (0.5
ml 0.9% NaCl) and sonicated (2 minutes non-stop, on ice). The
sonicated pellet was used to measure Lipase units (LU) using the
titration method with tributyrate as substrate at pH 7.0.
All 8 strains except 1 (SJ3720) showed lipase activity as indicated
in the table below.
AmpR: Strain time (hs) OD = 578 cell# OOBGAmp:cell# LU/ml.sunburst.
SJ1503wt t0 = 0 h 0.010 t1 = 6 hs 2.89 7 7 t2 = 17 hs 7.45 0 0
230.5 SJ3606 t0 = 0 h 0.006 t1 = 6 hs 5.24 43 43 t2 = 17 hs 9.15 0
0 244.45 SJ3608 t0 = 0 h 0.015 t1 = 6 hs 4.40 67 65 t2 = 17 hs 9.2
0 0 298.6 SJ3708 t0 = 0 h 0.028 t1 = 6 hs 4.69 32 32 t2 = 17 hs
11.05 0 0 142.2 SJ3717 t0 = 0 h 0.007 t1 = 6 hs 4.03 28 28 t2 = 17
hs 11.2 15 15 163.8 SJ3719 t0 = 0 h 0.001 t1 = 6 hs 4.49 13 13 t2 =
17 hs 11.7 0 0 33.55 SJ3720 t0 = 0 h 0.004 t1 = 6 hs 3.70 20 20 t2
= 17 hs 10.5 0 0 0 SJ3721 t0 = 0 h 0.016 t1 = 6 hs 4.20 12 12 t2 =
17 hs 11.35 0 0 125.75
Example 18
Characterization of Ps. cepacia Lipase Variants
The lipases produced from the strains described In Example 16 were
characterized with respect to activity in the presence of
detergent, using the PCS plate screening assay. One set of samples
was prepared from strains SJ1503, SJ3606 and SJ3608, which had been
propagated as described above, cells harvested, and lysed by
sonication to liberate the lipase. 15 ml of samples, containing
around 230 LU/ml, were applied in wells in screening plates either
without detergent, or containing 1.5 and 3.5 grams/liter of
detergent, respectively. Plates were incubated at 37.degree. C.
overnight, and the diameter of the green zone formed around the
wells measured. The following results were obtained:
STRAIN DETERGENT SJ1503 SJ3606 SJ3608 None 17 mm 15 mm 16 mm 1.5
gram/l 7 mm 13 mm 10 mm 3.5 gram/l 0 mm 8 mm 6 mm
Green zones were not observed at higher detergent
concentrations.
Another set of samples were prepared by plating of the strains
SJ1503, SJ3708, and SJ3717-SJ3721 on cellulose acetate filters
(each filter containing all 7 strains), which were placed on LB
plates with ampicillin (200 mg/ml) at 37.degree. C. overnight,
these plates with filters then incubated at 42.degree. C. for 5
hours, after which the filters were transferred (colony side up) to
screening plates which were incubated overnight at 37.degree.
C.
Pronounced green zones developed under all colonies on the plate
without detergent; SJ3720 produced a significantly smaller zone
then the rest, most likely due to reduced expression of the
lipase.
Green zones were also observed under all colonies on the plate
containing 1.5 gram/l of detergent. However, the zone produced from
SJ1503, producing the native, unmodified lipase, was significantly
reduced as compared to the zones produced from the other
strains.
On the plate containing 3.5 grams/liter detergent, no green
coloration developed from SJ1503, whereas a greenish stain was
still discernible from some strains expressing modified B. cepacia
lipases, in particular SJ3717, SJ3718 and SJ3721.
Thus, modification of the B. cepacia lipase gene to encode
N-terminal additions to the native, mature lipase, as those
described above, allow the production of lipases which in the
presence of detergent has an improved activity as compared to the
native lipase.
Example 19
Fermentation of SJ1503 and SJ3717 in 10 liter Tanks
The method described for shake flask was used for the fermentation
in 10 liter scale. The medium used was Bacto Tryptone 400g, Bacto
Yeast extract 200 g, Glucose x 2 H.sub.2 O 500 g, Ampicillin 1 g,
Pluronic 1 ml. The pH was kept constant at pH 7.1; the temperature
was 30.degree. C. for 7 hours then adjusted to 40.degree. C. Cells
were harvested after 16 hours by centrifugation and the cells were
opened using a high pressure homogenizer (800 bar).
Purification of cepacia Expressed in E. coli
E. coli cells from 10 liter fermentation broth from SJ1503 and
SJ3717 were centrifuged and the supernatant was discarded. Cells
were opened using rannie homogenizer under pressure 800 bar.
Homogenized cells were centrifuged at 350.times.g for 60 minutes.
Cell supernatant was decanted.
1. Salt Precipitation
Activity containing supernatant was precipitated with addition of
solid ammonium sulphate to saturation of 35% at room temperature.
Precipitation was allowed for 2 hour at room temperature and
centrifuged at 350.times.g for 1 hour. Supernatant was decanted and
discarded. Precipitate containing activity was dissolved in 30%
ethanol to avoid hydrophobic biding of the lipase activity to
insoluble material.
To get rid of insoluble material from the 30% ethanol dissolved
material, the solution was centrifuged. The lipase activity was
recovered as supernatant and insoluble material was discarded. The
supernatant containing activity was concentrated and dialyzed
against 25 mM Tris-acetate pH 8, by ultra-filtration using Amicon
membrane with cut-off of 10 kDa. The concentrated sample was then
diluted five fold in order to reduce any leftover ethanol in the
supernatant containing activity.
2, Hydrophobic Chromatography
The above sample containing activity was adjusted to 0.8 M ammonium
acetate by adding solid ammonium acetate. 50 ml Toyopearl Butyl
column (Tosho Hass, Japan) was packed and equilibrated with 0.8 M
ammonium acetate. The samples from above step containing lipase
activity was then adjusted to 0.8 M ammonium acetate and applied on
the Toyopearl Butyl column. All the activity binds to the matrix.
Unbound material was washed with 0.8 M ammonium acetate till Uv
absorbence of the effluent was under 0.05 at 280 nm. Bound activity
was eluted with 25 mM Tris acetate buffer containing 50% ethanol.
Fractions containing lipase activity were pooled and dialyzed
against 25 mM Tris acetate buffer pH 8.5.
3. Anion Exchange Chromatography
50 ml Column was packed with anion exchanger Highperformance
Q-sepharose (Pharmacia). The column was washed and equilibrated
with 25 mM Tris acetate buffer pH 8.5. The dialyzed sample was then
applied on the column. Unbound activity was washed out by using the
Tris buffer. Bound activity was eluted with a linear salt gradient
from 0 to 0.5 M NaCl in the Tris buffer pH 8, Flow rate was 2
ml/min and total volume of the buffer used for elution was 10
column volumes. Fractions containing lipase activity were pooled
and tested for performance in a PCS plate assay.
More specifically, 3 LU of each of the recovered modified lipases
were added into holes of a PCS plate (cf. Example 21 hereinafter)
and incubated overnight at 37.degree. C. After 18 hours the
following results were obtained:
STRAIN DETERGENT SJ1503 SJ3717 None 17 mm 13 mm 0.5 gram/l 6 mm 10
mm 1.0 gram/l 4 mm 7 mm
Thus, it can be seen that the presence of a peptide addition
results in a signifantly higher wash performance being
obtained.
Example 20
Construction of Modified H. insolens Lipolytic Enzymes With an
N-terminal Peptide Addition
The gene encoding the parent lipolytic enzyme was isolated from
Humicola insolens DSM
1800 essentially as described in WO 96/13580. Three different
peptide additions were applied to the N-terminus of the mature
enzyme using the plasmid pIVI1303 as the plasmid template.
Construction of pIVI303 (encoding a H. insolens lipolytic enzyme
variant which contains a mutation in the region 304-369 base
downstream from ATG without changes in amino acid sequence and
removing a possible secondary DNA structure which might otherwise
have hampered the use of the chameleon double stranded kit.).
The plasmid was constructed using the Chameleon double-stranded,
site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat no. 200509)
according to the described protocol.
pIVI296 was used as the plasmid template and primer no 7258 as the
selection primer. 7258: 5'p gaa tga ctt ggt tga cgc gtc acc agt cac
3' (SEQ ID NO:1)
(Thus changing the Scal site found in the ampicillin resistance
gene and used for cutting to a Mlul site).
Primer no 9349 was used as the mutagenic primer: 9349: 5'p gag tcc
cac atc cga aac atc tgg ata caa gga gta gga gga cct tac gac gcc gcg
3' (SEQ ID NO:86)
1. Variant: HILv4s Containing the Mutation: PPRRPR (SEQ ID NO:
60)(Instead of PELVAR in the Native H. insolens Propeptide)
Construction of pIVI335
The plasmid was constructed by use of the Chameleon
double-stranded, site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat
no. 200509) according to the described protocol. pIVI303 was used
as a plasmid template.
Primer no.7887 was used as a selection primer: 7887: :5'p-gaa tga
ctt ggt tga gta ctc acc agt cac 3 (SEQ ID NO:79)
(changing the introduced Mlu1 site found in the ampicillin
resistance gene and used for cutting to a Scal site).
Primer no 19473 was used as a mutagenic primer: 19473: 5'p ac cat
acc ccg gcc gct cct cct agg cgt cct cgg cag ctg gga gcc 3 (SEQ ID
NO:85)
2, Variant: HILv1s Containing the Mutation SPPRRP (SEQ ID NO:
35)(Instead of ELVARQ in the Native H. insolens Propeptide)
Construction of pIVI359
The plasmid was constructed by use of the Chameleon
double-stranded, site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat
no. 200509) according to the described protocol.
pIVI303 was used as a plasmid template. Primer no.7887 (cf. above)
was used as a selection primer. Primer no 21992 was used as a
mutagenic primer: 21992: 5'p ac cat acc ccg gcc gct cct agc cct ccg
cgg cgg ccg ctg gga gcc atc gag aac ggc 3 (SEQ ID NO:85)
3, Variant: HILv2s Containing the Mutation SPPRP (SEQ ID NO:37)
(Instead of ELVARQ in the Native H. insolens Propeptide)
Construction of pIVI360
The plasmid was constructed using the Chameleon double-stranded,
site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat no. 200509)
according to the described protocol.
pIVI303 was used as a plasmid template, and primer no.7887 as a
selection primer.
The following primer was used as the selection primer: 5'p ac cat
acc ccg gcc gct cct agc cct ccg cgg ccg ctg gga gcc atc gag aac ggc
3 (SEQ ID NO:85)
4, Variant: HILv3s Containing the Mutation: SPIRK (SEQ ID NO:
22)(Instead of ELVARQ in the Native H. insolens Propeptide)
Construction of pIVI361
The plasmid was constructed using the Chameleon double-stranded,
site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat no. 200509)
according to the described protocol.
pIVI303 was used as a plasmid template and primer no 7887 as a
selection primer.
Primer no 21994 was used as a mutagenic primer: 21994: 5'p ac cat
acc ccg gcc gct cct agc cct ata cgt aag ctg gga gcc atc gag aac ggc
3 (SEQ ID NO:85)
5, Construction of an A. oryzae Expression Vector
pIVI296
pA2L79 is described in Example 2 of WO 96/13580. The plasmid
contains the H.insolens lipolytic enzyme cDNA sequence inserted
into the A. oryzae expression plasmid pD414, PA2L79 was cut with
the restriction enzymes HindIII and Xhol. The fragment containing
the lipolytic enzyme encoding cDNA sequence (1088 bp) was purified
from agarose gel. PHD414 was cut with the restriction enzymes
HindIII and Xhol and the vector purified form an agarose gel.
The purified vector fragment (pHD414) and the lipase containing
fragment was ligated thus creating pIVI296.
Each of the above expression vectors were transformed into A.
oryzae IFO 4177 by use of the general transformation method
disclosed in the Materials and Methods section above. One
transformant of each type was isolated as HILv1-4s, respectively.
The H. insolens transformants were grown for 3 days in shake flaks
at 30.degree. C. in 500 ml YPM medium (10 g/L bacto yeast extract,
20 g/L bacto peptone, 20 g/L maltose).
Fermentation supernatent was filtered as described for modified H.
lanuginosa lipolytic enzymes.
Purification Step 1: 1 liter of the Fermentation supernatent was
adjusted to pH 8 and diluted so conductance of the supernatent was
under 4 mSi.
Step 1: Batch treatment of the fermentation supernatent on anion
exchanger DEAE A50.
DEAE-Sephadex A50 from Pharmacia was washed and equilibrated with
25 mM tris acetate buffer pH 8 using Scintered glass funnel with
appropriate pore size. Fermentation supernatent was then applied on
the DEAE Sephadex A50 using the scintered glass funnel. The
Lipolytic activity from H.insolence did not bind to anion exchanger
at pH 8 and collected as effluent from DEAE Sephadex A50.
Step 2: pH of the efflent from DEAE Sephadex was adjusted to 4.5 by
adding dilute Acetic acid. Condctance was also adjusted under 4 mSi
by adding water.
Cation Exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose. 50 ml Column was
packed with SP Sepaharose Fast Flow Code no 17-0729-01 Pharmacia.
Column was then washed and equilibrated with 25 mM Sodium acetate
buffer pH 4.5.
Sample containing Lipolytic activity adjusted to pH 4.5 and the
conductance under4 mSi was then applied on SP-Sepharose column.
Unbound material was washed using 25 mM Sodium acetate buffer pH
4.5. Lipolytic activity bound to the SP-Sepharose was then eluted
with linear salt gradient with 25 mM Acetate buffer pH 4.5
containing 1 M Sodium Chloride. Fractions containing Lipolytic
activity and ratio of the UV absorbence at A280/A260 was higher
than 1.8 were pooled. Purity of the sample was checked on
SDS-PAGE.
Verification of N-terminal Peptide Addition
The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the HILv1s lipolytic enzyme
was determined (i.e. the variant in which the last 5 amino acid
residues in the propeptide and the first amino acid residue in the
mature enzyme (ELVARQ) have been substituted with SPPRRP (SEQ ID
NO: 35)).
The N-terminal amino acid sequence found was
Arg-Arg-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ala-Ile-
corresponding to the last three amino acid residues in the
substituted sequence and the first four amino acid residues
following the substitution.
The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the HILv2s lipolytic enzyme
was also determined (i.e. in the variant in which the last 5 amino
acid residues in the propeptide and the first amino acid residue in
the mature enzyme (ELVARQ) have been substituted with SPPRP(SEQ ID
NO:37)).
The N-terminal amino acid sequence found was
Arg-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ala-Ile-Glu-Asn
corresponding to the last two amino acid residues in the
substituted sequence and the first six amino acid residues
following the substitution.
Example 21
Characterization of Modified Humicola insolens Lipolytic
Enzymes
The modified lipolytic enzymes comprising peptide additions,
produced by the strains HILv1s, HILv2s, HILv3s, respectively,
(described in Example 20), and the wild-type strain HIL, were
characterized with respect to lipase activity on PCS-plates
containing 0.5 g/l, 1.0 g/l and 1.5 g/l PCS-detergent.
25 .mu.l (corresponding to 5 LU) purified modified HILvs1, HILvs2
and HILvs3 lipase, and wild-type HIL lipase were entered into holes
made in the PCS-plates by a pipette (4 mm) and incubated for 3 and
6 hours, respectively.
The result of the test in displayed in the tables below:
0.5 g/l 1.0 g/l 1.5 g/l Variant PCS-detergent PCS-detergent
PCS-detergent HIL (wild-type) 4 mm 4 mm (weak) 0 mm HILv1s 6 mm 5
mm 4 mm (weak) HILv2s 5 mm 4 mm 0 mm HILv3s 6 mm 6 mm 5 mm
Incubation of 3 hours on PCS-plates containing FY-detergent.
0.5 g/l 1.0 g/l 1.5 g/l Variant PCS-detergent PCS-detergent
PCS-detergent HIL (wild-type) 4 mm 4 mm (weak) 0 mm HILv1s 7 mm 5
mm 4 mm (weak) HILv2s 5 mm 5 mm (weak) 4 mm (weak) HILv3s 6 mm 6 mm
4 mm (weak) Incubation for 6 hours on PCS-plates containing
PCS-detergent.
As can be seen from the tables the modified lipase variants (i.e.
produced by HILv1s, HILv2s and HILvs3) generally have a higher
lipase activity in the presence of the PCS-detergent than the
wild-type lipase.
Example 22
Construction of Modified H. lanuiqnosa Lipolytic Enzymes With a
C-terminal Extension
C-terminal peptide additions were applied to the H. lanuginosa
lipolytic enzyme variant HLv12s containing the N-terminal peptide
addition SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO::31) and the internal mutations
D57G,N94K,D96L,Q249R.
1. Variant HLv13s (HLv12s With the C-terminal Peptide Addition:
270R,271 R,272P,Stop)
Construction of Plasmid pS14-1
The plasmid was constructed using the Chameleon
double-stranded,site directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat
no. 200509) according to the described protocol.
pIVI245 was used as the plasmid template (The construction of
pIVI245 is described in Example 6) and primer no.7258 as the
selection primer. 7258: 5'p gaa tga cft ggt tga cgc gtc acc agt cac
3' (SEQ ID NO: 95) (Thus changing the Scal site found in the
ampicillin resistance gene and used for cutting to a Mlul
site).
Primer no.20694 was used as the mutagenic primer. 20694: 5'p-gg gac
atg tct tcg acg acc gta gcg gct ggg tcg act c 3, (SEQ ID
NO:134)
2. Variant HLv14s (HLv12s With the Mutation: 270R,271R,Stop)
Construction of Plasmid pS20-2
The plasmid was constructed using the Chameleon double-stranded,
site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat no. 200509)
according to the described protocol. pIVI245 was used as the
plasmid template and primer no. 7258 as the selection primer. 7258:
5'p gaa tga cft ggt tga cgc gtc acc agt cac 3' (SEQ ID NO:95) (Thus
changing the Scal site found in the ampicillin resistance gene used
for cutting to a Mlul site).
Primer no. 20695 was used as the mutagenic primer: 20695: 5'p-gg
gac atg tct tcg gcg gta ggc gcg gct ggg tcg ac 3' (SEQ ID
NO:135)
Production of Enzyme Variants
The enzymes were produced in an analogous manner to that described
in Example 7 using the plasmid pToC 202 for the cotransformation
step and A. oryzae JAL 125 as a host cell.
Verification of the Presence of the C-terminal Extension in
HLv12s
A 1 mg sample of HLv12s Containing the C-terminal Extension
Arg-Arg-Pro (RRP) was S-carboxamidomethylated using standard
procedures before degradation with a lysyl-specific protease. The
resulting peptides were separated using reversed phase HPLC and the
collected fractions subjected to matrix assisted laser desorption
ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A fraction containing
a peptide with the experimental mass of 3906.7 Da was found. This
mass is within experimental error identical to the theoretical mass
of the C-terminal peptide of HLv12s containing the RRP extension
which is 3906.4 Da.
The amino acid sequence of the peptide in this fraction was
determined to be
Ile-Glu-Gly-Ile-Asp-Ala-Thr-Gly-Gly-Asn-Asn-Arg-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Asp-Ile-Pro
-Ala-His-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Phe-Gly-Leu-Ile-Gly-Thr-Cys-Leu-Arg-Arg-Pro
(SEQ ID NO:136)
which is the correct amino acid sequence of the C-terminal peptide
of HLv12s and it contains the C-terminal extension Arg-Arg-Pro.
Example 23
A part of the N-terminal extension of HLv15s (HLv15s containing the
N-terminal peptide addition SPIRPR (SEQ ID NO:20) and the following
mutations in the mature part of the H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme
EP, D57G, N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R) was cleaved off by prolonged
incubation with Clostripain (EC 3.4.22.8; Sigma No. C-0888).
The incubation mixture contained: HLv15s (1 mg/ml) and Clostripain
(20 .mu.g/ml) in 25 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.4 containing 2.5 mM
DTT and 1 mM calcium chloride.
Before incubation with Clostripain 60% of the lipase carried an
intact propeptide (N-terminal amino acid sequence SPIRPRP(SEQ ID
NO:31)), while 10% had lost the first Ser-residue (N-terminal amino
acid sequence PIRPRPV) (SEQ ID NO:31) and 30% the first 5 amino
acid residues of the propeptide (N-terminal amino acid sequence
(RPVSQDL) (SEQ ID NO:162).
Following incubation for 62 h at ambient temperature (resulting in
HLv15s-C) 60% of the lipase had lost the first 4 amino acid
residues of the propeptide (resulting in the following peptide
extension PRPVSQ) (SEQ ID NO:158), 20% were without 5 amino acid
residues (thus having the peptide extension RPVSQD) (SEQ ID NO:159)
while the remaining 20% had lost 6 amino acid residues (thus having
the peptide extension PVSQDL) (SEQ ID NO:160).
The propeptide processing was determined using N-terminal amino
acid sequence determination and it should be noted that the
percentages given are approximate values.
Variant Peptide addition Mutations HLv15s 60% SPIRPRPVSQD D57G,
N94K, D96L, L97M, Q249R (SEQ ID NO: 161) 10% PIRPRPVSQD (SEQ ID NO:
161) 30% RPVSQD (SEQ ID NO: 159) Hlv15s-C 60% PRPVSQ D57G, N94K,
D96L, L97M, Q249R (SEQ ID NO: 158) 20% RPVSQ (SEQ ID NO: 159) 20%
PVSQDL (SEQ ID NO: 160)
One Cycle Wash Performance With a Modified Lipolytic Enzyme Treated
With Clostripain
The one cycle wash performance test (described above in Materials
and Methods section above) was performed with H. lanuginosa lipase
variant HLv15s treated with clostripain. Wash test was made both
with the clostripain treated sample and the non clostripain treated
variant. The wash test was carried out in 5 g/l enzyme inactivated
Ariel Futur (Procter and Gamble). Lard stained swatches were washed
for 20 minutes at 30.degree. C. The tests were performed at lipase
concentrations of 0, 5000 LU/l and 12500 LU/l.
The detegent was dissolved in approx. 18.degree. dH (German
Hardness) water. The pH of the wash liquor was about 10.3. Seven
swatches were washed in 1000 ml wash liquor. Subsequent to the
washing, the swatches were flushed in running tap water for 15
minutes and then air-dried overnight at room temperature.
Evaluation: The reflectance of the swatches was measured at 460 nm,
and the lipase performance (_R) calculated as:
The mutations of the lipases and the additions are described
above.
The .DELTA.R, are shown in the table below.
+/- treatment low high Variant w. clostripain dosage .DELTA.R
dosage .DELTA.R HLv15s no clostripain treatment 5000 LU/l 10 12500
LU/l 13 HLv15s-C + clostripain treatment 5000 LU/l 6 12500 LU/l
7
The results show that the presence of an intact peptide addition
leads to the best wash performance. A reduced (but not entirely
removed) peptide addition provides an improved wash performance,
especially when positively charged amino acid residues are present
in the addition.
Example 24
Modified H. lanuginosa Lipolytic Enzyme Containing an Cysteine
Bridge (HLv16s)
The modified H. lanuginosa lipolytic enzyme HLv16s contains the
following mutations: N94K, D96L, E239C and Q249R and the peptide
addition SCIRR (SEQ ID NO:30).
The parent enzyme HLv16 contains the following mutations: N94K,
D96L, Q249R.
HLv16s was constructed as follows:
1. Construction of N94K, D96L Mutations in the Wildtype H.
lanuginosa Lipolytic Enzyme
Construction of pIVI290
The plasmid was constructed using the Chamelon double stranded,
site-directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene according to the
described protocol using the pAHL (cf FIG. 6 of WO 92/05249) as the
plasmid template and primers no 7258 and 7770 as the selection
primers. 7258: 5'p gaa tga ctt ggt tga cgc gtc acc agt cac 3' (SEQ
ID NO:1) (Thus changing the Scal site found in the ampicillin
resistans gene to a Mlul site)(Scal has been used for cutting).
7770: Sequence: 5'p tct agc cca gaa tac tgg atc aaa tc 3 (SEQ ID
NO:2) (Changes the Scal site found in the wild type H. lanuginosa
lipase gene).
Primer no. 8932 was used as the mutagenic primer. 8932: 5'pgaac tgg
ata gga aat ttg aag ttc ctg ttg aaa gaa ata aat gac 3' (SEQ ID
NO:78) (Introducing N94K,D96L)
2. Construction of HLv16s (SCIRR (SEQ ID NO:30), N94K,D96L, E239C,
Q249R)
Construction of pIVI319
The plasmid was constructed using the Chameleon
double-stranded,site directed mutagenesis kit from Stratagene (cat
no. 200509) according to the described protocol using pIVI290 as
the plasmid template and primer no 7887 as the selection primer.
7887: 5'p-gaa tga ctt ggt tga gta ctc acc agt cac 3' (SEQ ID NO:1)
(changing the introduced Mlu1 site found in the ampicillin
resistans gene to a Scal site)(Mlul has been used for cutting)
Primers no 8829, 9639 and 9646 were used as mutagenic primers 8829:
5'p-ggc ggc aat aac cgg ccg aac att ccg gat atc cc (SEQ ID NO:l 38)
3' (Introducing Q249R) 9639: 5'p-at atc gtg aag ata tgc ggc att gat
gcc acc 3' (SEQ ID NO:139) (Introducing E239C) 9646: 5'p-cg gcc ttg
gct agc tgt att cgt cga gag gtc 3' (SEQ ID NO:140) (Modifying the
propeptide from SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) to SCIRR(SEQ ID NO:30))
Production of Enzymes HLv16s and HLv16
The enzymes were produced in an analogous manner to that described
in Example 7 using A. oryzae JAL 125 as a host cell. Subsequently,
the one cycle wash performance of the enzymes were tested (using 5
g/l of inactivated Ariel Future as detergent and an enzymew dosage
of 0.25 mg enzyme protein/I and 1.0 mg enzyme protein/I,
respectively.
The following results were obtained:
dR (0.25 mg EP/l) dR (1.0 mg EP/l) HLv16s 3 7 HLv16 1 2
It is seen that a significantly improved washing performance is
obtained for HLv16s containing a cystein bridge between the peptide
addition and the mature part of the enzyme.
Example 25
Production of a First Wash Lipase in F. Graminarum
Strains and Media
The starting strain is Fusarium graminearum A3/5 (ATCC 20334).
COVE plates are comprised of 343.3 g of sucrose, 20 ml of COVE
salts solution, 10 ml of 1 M acetamide, 10 ml of 3 M CsCl, and 25 g
of Noble agar per liter. The COVE salts (50.times.) solution is
comprised of 26 g of KCl, 26 g of MgSO.sub.4 --7H.sub.2 O, 76 g of
KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4, and 50 ml of COVE trace metals solution. COVE
trace metals solution is comprised of 0.04 g of NaB.sub.4 O.sub.7
--10H.sub.2 O, 0.040 g of CuSO.sub.4 --5H.sub.2 O, 0.70 g of
FeSO.sub.4 --H.sub.2 O, 0.80 g of Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.2 --2H.sub.2 O,
and 10 g of ZnSO.sub.4 per liter.
M400Da medium is comprised of 50 g of maltodextrin, 2.0 g of
MgSO.sub.4 --7H.sub.2 O, 2.0 g of KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4, 4.0 g of
citric acid, 8.0 g of yeast extract, 2.0 g of urea, and 0.5 ml of
trace metals solution per liter. The medium is adjusted to pH 6.0
with 5 N NaOH. The trace metals solution is comprised of 14.3 g of
ZnSO.sub.4 --7H.sub.2 O, 2.5 g of CuSO.sub.4 --5H.sub.2 O, 0.5 g of
NiCl.sub.2 --6H.sub.2 O, 13.8 g of FeSO.sub.4 --7H.sub.2 O, 8.5 g
of MnSO.sub.4 --H.sub.2 O, and 3.0 g of citric acid per liter.
Construction of the H. lanuginosa Lipolytic Enzyme Variant HL A
(E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31) +D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R) Expression
Plasmid for Fusarium graminearum
The construction an expression plasmid for Fusarium graminearum is
outlined in FIG. 15. Specifically, a Fusarium expression cassette
is made using the technique of overlapping PCR (Higuchi. R., In
Innis, M. A. Gelfond, D. H., Snisky. J. J., and White. T. J.,
editors. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, pages
177-183,. Academic Press, Inc., New York) to fuse the 1.24 kb
Fusarium oxysporum trypsin promoter to the 1.1 kb Fusarium
oxysporum trypsin terminator (Royer et al., 1995 Bio/Technology 13:
1479-1483). A polylinker region containing Swal, Kpnl and Pacl
restriction sites is inserted between the promoter and terminator
as part of the overlapping PCR reaction. At the 5' end of the
promoter an Xhol site is added and the native EcoRI site is
preserved. At the 3' end of the terminator, EcoRI, HindIII and Nsil
sites are incorporated by the PCR reaction.
A PCR fragment containing -1208 to -1 of the Fusarium oxysporum
trypsin promoter plus a 25 bp polylinker is generated from plasmid
pJRoy20 (Royer et al., 1995, supra) using the following primers:
Xhol EcoRI 5' end of promoter Forward primer 1: 5'-gagctcgagGA TTC
TTACAAACCTTCAC-3' (SEQ ID NO:98) Pacl Kpnl Swal 3' end of promoter
Reverse primer 2:
5'-ttaattaaggtacctgaatttaaatGGTGAAGAGATAGATATCCAAG-3' (SEQ ID
NO:99)
Upper case letters are the native sequence of the Fusarium
oxysporum trypsin promoter.
The PCR conditions used are 95.degree. C. for 3 minutes followed by
25 cycles each at 95.degree. C. for 30 seconds, 50.degree. C. for 1
minute, and 72.degree. C. for 1 minute. The final extension cycle
is at 72.degree. C. for minutes. Pwo DNA polymerase (Boehringer
Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind.) is used with the manufacturer's
supplied buffer.
A PCR fragment containing -5 to -1 of the Fusarium oxysporum
trypsin promoter, the 25 bp polylinker and 1060 bp of the 3'
untranslated region of the Fusarium oxysporum trypsin gene
(terminator region) is generated from plasmid pJRoy20 using the
following primers: promoter Swal Kpnl Pacl 5' end of terminator
Forward primer 3:
5'-TCACCatttaaattcaggtaccttaattaaATTCCTTGTTGGAAGCGTCGA-3' (SEQ ID
NO:100) Nsil HindIII EcoRI 3' end of terminator Reverse primer 4:
5'-tggtatgcataagcttgaattcAGGTAAACAAGATATAATTT-3' (SEQ ID
NO:101)
Upper case letters are the native sequence of the Fusarium
oxysporum trypsin promoter and terminator. The PCR conditions used
are as described above.
The final 2.3 kb overlapping PCR fragment which contains -1208 to
-1 of the Fusarium oxysporum trypsin promoter, the 25 bp polylinker
and 1060 bp of the Fusarium oxysporum trypsin terminator is made
using 0.2 .mu.l of the first PCR (promoter) reaction and 3 .mu.l of
the second (terminator) reaction as template and primers number 1
and 4. The PCR conditions used are 95.degree. C. for 3 minutes
followed by 30 cycles each at 95.degree. C. for 30 seconds,
62.degree. C. for 1 minute, and minutes. The final extension cycle
is 5 minutes at 72.degree. C. Pwo DNA polymerase is also used for
this reaction.
The resulting 2.3 kb band is digested with Xhol and Nsil and cloned
into plasmid pBaNe6 that is digested partially with Nsil and to
completion with Sail. In effect, the Aspergillus promoter and
terminator sequences of pBaNe6 are replaced with the Fusarium
oxysporum trypsin promoter and terminator sequences. The resulting
construct (pDM174.3) is digested with Swal and Pacl.
DNA primers HLIP-A and HLIP-B shown below are used in a PCR
reaction to amplify the HLA lipase gene from plasmid pJVi220:
HLIP-A (Primer 5): 5'-cccafttaaatATGAGGAGCTCCCTTGTGCTG-3' (SEQ ID
NO:102) HLIP-B (Primer 6): 5'-cccttaattaaCTAAAGACATGTCCCMTTAA-3'
(SEQ ID NO:103)
Uppercase letters represent sequences in the lipase gene
The PCR is performed in a 50 .mu.l reaction containing ca. 50 ng of
pHLA, 0.05 mM each of dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP, 100 pmol each of
HLIP-A and HLIP-B. 1.times.Pwol Buffer (Boehringer Mannheim,
Indianapolis, Ind.), and 2.5 units Pwol (Boehringer Mannheim,
Indianapolis, Ind.). The PCR conditions are 95.degree. C. for 3
minutes, 30 cycles each at 95.degree. C. for 1 minute, 60.degree.
C. for 1 minute; and 72.degree. C. for 1.5 minutes, and then
72.degree. C. for 5 minutes. The PCR reaction mixture is run on a
agarose gel and the ca. 0.9 kb HLA DNA band is excised. The DNA is
purified by solubilization of the agarose with 3 volumes Qia-ex
solubilization buffer (Qiagen, Los Angeles, Calif.) followed by a
Qiaquick PCR spin column according to the manufacturer's directions
(Qiagen, Los Angeles, Calif.). The DNA is recovered in 50 .mu.l of
1 mM EDTA-10 mM Tris pH 8. A 20 .mu.l aliquot of the DNA is cut in
a final volume of 25 .mu.l containing 1.times.restriction enzyme
buffers and restriction enzymes Pacl and Swal as suggested by the
manufacturers. The reaction mixture is then heated at 80.degree. C.
for 10 minutes. One .mu.l of the Pacl/Swal cut HLA lipase gene is
ligated into Pacl/Swal cut plasmid pBANe6. The ligation mixture is
used to transform E. coli strain DH5.alpha.. The plasmid containing
pBANe6 and the HLA sequences is designated pJeRS33.
The 0.9 kb Swal/Pacl HLA fragment from pJeRS33 is cloned into the
Swal/Pacl digested pDM174.3 vector to create plasmid pDM177.
Transformation of Fusarium graminearum
F. graminearum strain A3/5 (ATCC 20334) is grown on 10.times.15 mm
petri plates of Vogels medium (Vogel, 1964, Am. Nature 98: 435-446)
plus 1.5% glucose and agar for 3 weeks at 25.degree. C.
Conidia (approximately 10.sup.8 per plate) are dislodged in 10 ml
of sterile water using a transfer loop and purified by filtration
through 4 layers of cheesecloth and finally through one layer of
Miracloth. Conidial suspensions are concentrated by centrifugation.
Fifty ml of YPG medium comprised of 1% yeast extract, 2%
bactopeptone, and 2% glucose are inoculated with approximately 100
conidia, and incubated for 14 hours at 24.degree. C., 150 rpm.
Resulting hyphae are trapped on a sterile 0.4 mm filter and washed
successively with sterile distilled water and 1.0 M MgSO.sub.4. The
hyphae are 10 resuspended in 10 ml of NOVOZYM 234.TM. (Novo Nordisk
A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) solution (2-10 mg/ml in 1.0 M MgSO.sub.4)
and digested for 15-30 minutes at 34.degree. C. with agitation at
80 rpm. Undigested hyphal material is removed from the resulting
protoplast suspension by successive filtration through 4 layers of
cheesecloth and through Miracloth. Twenty ml of 1 M sorbitol are
passed through the cheesecloth and Miracloth and combined with the
protoplast solution. After mixing, protoplasts (approximately
5.times.10.sup.8) are pelleted by centrifugation and washed
successively by resuspension and centrifugation in 20 ml of 1 M
sorbitol and in 20 ml of STC (0.8 M sorbitol, 0.05 M Tris pH 8.0,
0.05 M CaCl.sub.2). The washed protoplasts are resuspended in 4
parts STC and 1 part SPTC (0.8 M sorbitol, 40% PEG 4000,0.05 M Tris
pH 8.0,0.05 M CaCl.sub.2) at a concentration of 1-2.times.10.sup.8
/ml. One hundred .mu.l of protoplast suspension are added to 3
.mu.g pDM177 DNA and 5 .mu.l heparin (5 mg/ml in STC) in
polypropylene tubes (17.times.100 mm) and incubated on ice for 30
minutes. One ml of SPTC is mixed gently into the protoplast
suspension and incubation is continued at room temperature for 20
minutes. Fifteen ml of molten solution (cooled to 40.degree. C.)
consisting of COVE salts, 0.8 M sucrose and 1% low melting agarose
(Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo.) are mixed with the
protoplasts and then plated onto a 150 mm petri plate containing
COVE agar. Incubation is continued at room temperature for 10 to 14
days.
Expression of Lipase Activity
Five pDM177 transformants of Fusarium graminearum A3/5 are cultured
on M400Da medium in shake flasks for 7 days at 30.degree. C. As a
control culture, an A3/5 transformant of plasmid 30 pDM 155 (Royer
et al., 1995 Bio/Technology 13:1479-1483), which contains the
wild-type Humicola lanuginosa lipase inserted between the Fusarium
oxysporum trypsin promoter and terminator, is grown at the same
time under the same conditions.
First Wash Activity of HL A
The above produced lipase as well as the analogous lipase (carrying
the same mutations, but produced in A. oryzae) was tested in the
"Assay for test of First Wash effect" described herein using enzyme
inactivated Ariel Futur. The following results were obtained:
E1SPIRPRP (SEQ ID NO:31)+D57G+N94K+D96L+L97M+Q249R in dR at
1250 LU/l 12500 LU/l A. oryzae 8 15 F. graminearum 9 14
Example 26
Construction of Absidia reflexa Mutants
Material and Methods
Strains and plasmids are listed in the Materials and Methods
section. Primers: primer TiK57, primer TiK58, primer TiK59, Primer
TiK60, Primer TiK61, primer TiK62, primer TiK64, primer Tik66,
primer TiK72, primer TiK74, primer Tik75, primers TiK76,
Kits, Solutions, Media and the Like: Taq-DNA polymerase (Promega)
LB medium supplemented with 100 pg/ml ampicillin DNA Maxi-Prep kit
(QIAGEN). Polyethyleneglycol/LiOAc yeast transformation kit
(Yeastmaker, Clontech). Yeast nitrogen base w/o amino acids (Difco
0919-15-3) Casamino acids (Difco 0230-01-1) Bacto-agar (Difco)
YPG-medium (20 g casein-peptone and 10 g yeast extract (Difco)) LB
medium supplemented with 100 pg/ml ampicillin
Equipment Applied Biosystems 373 DNA Sequencer Cellulose acetate
filters (Schleicher-Schull) SYC-plates
13.6 g NaOH and 22.6 g succinic acid are completely dissolved in
500 ml H.sub.2 O, 15 g yeast nitrogen base w/o amino acids (Difco
0919-15-3),10 g casamino acids (Difco 0230-01-1). 20 ml of 2%
threonine solution, and 20 ml of a 1% tryptophan solution are
added. The solution is filled up to 1 liter H.sub.2 O,
sterile-filtered, and stored at 4.degree. C. For liquid media
preparation 1 liter of SYC is diluted by adding 200 ml of a 20%
glucose solution and 800 ml of H.sub.2 O. For preparation of agar
plates 1 liter of SYC is diluted at 60.degree. C. with 800 ml of
bacto-agar (37.5 g bacto-agar (Difco) dissolved in 1 liter H.sub.2
O) and 200 ml of a 20% glucose solution.
Brilliant Green Assay
For preparation of BG-agar plates 10 g of agarose are dissolved by
heating in 500 ml of a 100 mM Tris-Cl buffer pH 9.0. This agarose
solution is mixed at 60.degree. C. with 24 ml of an olive oil
emulsion (8 ml olive oil (Sigma) and 16 ml of a 2% polyvinylalcohol
(Sigma) solution in H.sub.2 O are mixed and thoroughly homogenized
on ice with an Ultra-Turrax T25), 10 ml of a Brilliant Green stock
(4 mg/ml H.sub.2 O), 465 ml of 100 mM Tris-Cl buffer pH 9.0
containing 6.45 g of the detergent, and 1.4 ml of a 250 mM
CaCl.sub.2 solution.
Transformed yeast colonies are grown for 3 days at 30.degree. C. on
sterile cellulose acetate filters (Schleicher-Schull) on SYC-agar
plates. The filters are then transferred to the BG-agar plates and
incubated for 2-8 hours at 37.degree. C. Colonies which generate a
green spot in the agar are judged positive.
Restriction Enzyme Analysis and Sequencing of Mutant Libraries
The recovered plasmid DNA was subjected to Ncol-digestion. Correct
clones yielded two fragments of 2.9 and 3.1 kb. The plasmid DNA was
subsequently either dye-terminator PCR cycle sequenced or sequenced
on an Applied Biosystems 373 DNA Sequencer. In the case of clones
isolated from libraries 3 and 4 (Table E26-1) the oligonucleotides
TiK61 and TiK66 were used for double-strand sequencing whereas for
libraries 7 and 8 TiK62 and TiK72 were applied.
Example 26A
Construction of Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 Lipase Expression
Vectors
Two vectors were constructed for expression of the wild-type
Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 lipase (with/without SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29) peptide extension) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The cDNA clone encoding the mature Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896
lipase (SEQ ID No. 13 and FIG. 16) was PCR amplified (T.sub.a
=50.degree. C., 25 cycles, 5 units Taq-DNA polymerase) using either
the primer pair TiK57/59 (providing a N-terminal SPIRR (SEQ ID
NO:29)extension) or the primer pair TiK58/59 (without SPIRR
extension(SEQ ID NO:29)). The PCR fragments were ligated via
Nhel/Xbal-sites into the yeast expression vector pJSO37 (with a
Nhel site introduced downstream of the signal peptide) which
harbours region encoding an active H. lanuginosa lipase in the
original BamHI/Xbal cloning site.
The gene encoding the active H. lanuginosa lipase was slightly
modified by the introduction of a Nhel-site downstream of the BamHI
site (see FIG. 12). Since Nhel- and Xbal-sites are compatible, the
vector was treated with alkaline phosphatase prior to ligation.
Finally, two vector constructs were obtained, namely pTiK04 which
includes the SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) extension just upstream of the
start of the mature lipase gene, and pTiK05 which did not contain a
SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) extension encoding part. In both cases the
original signal sequence from the Humicola lanuginosa lipase was
kept constant between the BamHI and Nhel sites.
MF.alpha.1 Signal Sequence Constructs
The H. lanuginosa lipase signal sequence was replaced by the mating
factor .alpha.1 signal.
Genomic DNA of the yeast strain YPH499 (Stratagene) was prepared
cording to standard protocols (Ausubel et al., (1995). Current
Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons). One .mu.g of
genomic DNA was subjected to PCR (T.sub.a =50.degree. C., 25
cycles, 5 units Taq-DNA polymerase) with the primer pair TiK74/75.
The amplified MF.alpha.1 signal sequence fragment (FIG. 18) was
inserted into pTiK04 and pTiK05 via the BamHI and Nhel sites to
yield pTiK06 and pTiK07, respectively.
Example 26B
Construction of Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 Lipase Variants by
Mutagenesis With Doped Oligonucleotides
Four libraries were constructed with doped oligonucleotides.
In libraries A and B (see Table E26-1 below)) random mutations were
introduced in the putative lid region of Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896
lipase. In library A the SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29)sequence was kept
constant, in library B it was omitted.
Libraries C and D were constructed with mutations in two putative
lipid contact zones in the N-terminus of Absidia reflexa ATTC
44896. In library C the SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29) sequence was again
kept constant.
The mutagenesis of the putative lid region of Absidia reflexa ATTC
44896 lipase gene (amino acid positions 82-99) was performed by
standard PCR (Sambrook et al., (1989), Molecular cloning--A
laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring
Harbor. N.Y.) with 5 units Taq-DNA polymerase with the primer pair
TiK60/TiK64 at T.sub.a =50.degree. C. and 25 cycles using pTiK05 as
template. In a second standard PCR, using primer TiK62 and the
agarose gel-purified DNA fragment generated in the first PCR, the
whole Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 lipase gene was restored using the
same amplification conditions as for the first PCR. In contrast to
the first PCR, pTiK04 or pTiK05 were chosen as templates so that
libraries (with/without SPIRR (SEQ ID NO:29)N-terminal extension)
were obtained.
For mutagenesis of the amino acid positions 30-45 the primers TiK76
and TiK64 were used for the first PCR. The second PCR was in
principle identical to the above described one.
The obtained PCR fragments were ligated into pJSO37 via the
BamHI/Xbal-sites. The transformation of E. coli and subsequently of
competent YNG318 yeast cells was performed as described above.
TABLE E26-1 Summary of the constructed and screened Absidia reflexa
ATTC 44896 mutant libraries. Positives in Positives in Comments and
Screened the BG-assay the BG-assay Restriction mutagenized Library
size S. cerevisiae at X g/l at X g/l. enzyme No regions in E. coli
colonies detergent 2.round analysis A Lid (pos. 82-99) 8 .times.
10.sup.6 180000 21 at 3 g/l 9 at 3 g/l 6 (.SPIRR) (SEQ ID NO: 29) B
Lid (pos. 82-99) 7 .times. 10.sup.6 200000 1 at 6 g/l 0 at 6 g/l --
5 at 3 g/l 2 at 3 g/l 2 C Pos. 30-45 1 .times. 10.sup.6 160000 38
at 3 g/l 4 at 3 g/l 3 (.SPIRR) (SEQ ID NO: 29) D Pos. 30-45 6
.times. 10.sup.5 170000 27 at 3 g/l 2 at 3 g/l 1
Example 26C
Screening of the Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 Lipase Mutant Libraries
and Recovery of Plasmids From Positive Colonies
Transformed yeast cells obtained as described in Example 26B were
spread on a cellulose acetate filter on a 14 cm SYC-agar plate.
After selective growth of transformants and transfer of the filter
to BG-agar plates, positive colonies were picked, resuspended in
H.sub.2 O, and re-spread on cellulose acetate filters on SYC-agar
plates to allow a second confirmatory round of the BG-assay (see
Matarials and Methods section).
Positive clones from the second round were transferred to 20 ml
SYC-medium and shaken for 2 days at 30.degree. C. Plasmid DNA was
prepared from 1.5 ml of this saturated yeast culture according to
the standard phenol/glassbead method (Ausubel et al., (1995),
Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons).
An aliquot of the plasmid preparation was electroporated into
E.coli DH 10B cells which were then plated on LB-agar plates
supplemented with 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin. The DNA of the colonies
was isolated and applied to restriction enzyme analysis and
sequencing as described in the Material and Methods section
above.
Sequencing
Sequencing of 15 randomly picked clones in library A and B showed
that the chosen doping of 10% finally resulted in: 20% being wild
type, 13% with 1 amino acid exchange, 20% with 2 exchanges, 13%
with 3, 20% with 4, 0% with 5, and 13% with 6 amino acid exchanges
per molecule.
From library A six clones out of 1.8.times.10.sup.5 screened
colonies at 3 g/l detergent were isolated in the BG-assay (1 per
each 3.times.10.sup.4 screened), and from library B two positive
clones were isolated out of 2.0.times.10.sup.5 screened colonies (1
per each 1.0.times.10.sup.5 screened, Table E26-1). The noticed
sequence differences of these 8 clones are depicted in Table E26-2
below.
As mentioned above libraries C and D were constructed with
mutations in two putative lipid contact zones in the N-terminus of
Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 lipase.
Sequencing of 13 randomly picked clones showed that the chosen
doping level of 10% resulted in: 8% being wild type, 15% with 1
amino acid exchange, 46% with 2 exchanges, 15% with 3, and 15% with
4 exchanges per molecule.
Library C yielded 3 clones out of 1.6.times.10.sup.5 screened
colonies at 3 g/l of detergent in the BG assay (1 positive per each
53333 screened), and from library D one positive clone could be
isolated out of 1.7.times.10.sup.5 (Table E26-1). The sequences of
these 4 clones are also depicted in Table E26-2.
Table E26-2 Sequences of the improved Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896
variants.
Target sequence: 82 99 Library Clone number T S S I R N A I A D I V
F V P V N Y A 303 W T 309 H T 312 S S 315 V T W L -N L ..H133R 318
C W K L S I..V102F 321 S E B 401 S S A 402 ..Y136H.K137H 30 45 R T
V I P G G R W S C P H C G V C 701 W N 702 W N 703 C . . .Q4R D 801
. . .V95E
Example 26D
Expression of Absidia reflexa ATTC 44896 Variants and Lipase Unit
Measurement
Four of the improved mutants identified from library A were
subjected to measurement of LU secreted to the culture medium as
well as LU measurement of the crude cytosol/membrane fraction.
10 ml of YPG-medium were dissolved in 900 ml H.sub.2 O, autoclaved
and 100 ml of a 20% glucose solution added) were inoculated with 1
ml of a saturated yeast culture in SYC-medium. The culture was
shaken at 30.degree. C. for 2 days. The cells were harvested by
centrifugation (5 minutes.times.4000 g) and the supernatant stored
on ice for LU measurement. The cell pellet was treated with
Novozym.TM. 234 for spheroplast preparation and lysed using the
glass bead procedure (Ausubel et al., (1995). Current Protocols in
Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons). The obtained crude cytosol
fraction which also included the membrane fraction was immediately
applied to LU measurement (see Materials and Methods section) in
order to minimize proteolytic degradation.
The result is shown in Table E26-3. The four clones showed weak but
significant LU in the cytosol/membrane fraction. Moreover, from two
out of these four clones weak LU signals could be recorded. All
data differing from 0.0 LU/ml are significant enzyme activities as
confirmed by repeated measurements.
Table E26-3 Summary of the obtained lipase unit secreted to the
medium or measured from the cytosol fraction of ATTC 44896 variants
from library A.
The standard deviation is 10%.
Lipase units in Lipase units in the supernatant the cytosol Sample
(LU/ml) (LU/ml) YNG318 (negative control) 0.0 0.0 303 0.0 1.0 309
0.0 0.5 312 1.7 0.6 321 0.6 1.0
Example 27
Substrate Affinity of Lipolytic Enzymes
A procedure has been developed for a simple comparison of the
ability of lipolytic enzymes to accumulate on/in a substrate phase
(olive oil, incl. FFA) at alkaline pH (pH 9.0) and presence of the
non-ionic surfactant Dobanol 25-7 (100 ppm) (i.e. a measure for
substrate affinity).
Procedure: 1. Two identical buffer solutions (5 ml) are prepared in
20 ml sealable vials, ("Sample" (s) and "Reference" (r)). 2. Enzyme
is added into "Sample" and "Reference" and the lipase concentration
is determined (X LU/ml). 3. Olive oil is added onto the "Sample"
and both lipase solutions are shaken vigorously. Incubation at
4.degree. C. over night. 4. Remaining lipase concentration in the
aqueous phases is determined after incubation, (Yi LU/ml;
i=r,s).
Summary of Incubation Conditions: Buffer: 100 mM Glycine (5 ml).
pH: 9.0. Substrate: Olive oil (5 ml). Dobanol 25-7: 100 ppm. T:
4.degree. C. Lipase: 5-10 LU/ml. Incubation: Over night (24-26
hours).
Evaluation of Data:
The result after an experiment is calculated by comparing the
activity-loss upon incubation in the aqueous phase in contact with
olive oil to the activity-loss in the aqueous phase in absence of
olive oil: .alpha.=Ys/Yr (see above)
Results:
TABLE 11 Lipase .alpha. (%) Lipolase .TM. 95% D57G + N94K + D96L +
L97M + Q249R 65% SPIRPR (SEQ ID NO: 20) + E1P + D57G + 45% N94K +
D96L + L97M + Q249R SALRPRK (SEQ ID NO: 87) + D57G + N94K + 25%
D96L + L97M + Q249R SPIRPR (SEQ ID NO: 20) + E1P + D137G + 50%
D167G + E210V + W221L
Comparing results presented above to wash data disclosed in
examples 11-15, clearly indicate that Lipolase variants with
increased first wash performance generally have increased substrate
affinity as compared to Lipolase.
Example 28
Localized Random Mutagenesis of the Pseudomonas sp. Lipase
(Liposam)
A suitable doping scheme to use for introducing mutations
contemplated to lead to a first wash activity of the above lipase
may comprise localized random mutagenesis in the whole or parts of
one or more of the following regions. 93% wt/7% random means that
the respective codons are synthesized with 93% wt nucleotides and
7% of the other 3 nucleotides in the oligonucleotide used for
constructing the random mutagenized library. Similarly for 90%
wt/10% random.
In the amino acid region 17-37:
Amino acid position 17-18+20-24+26-29+32-37: 93% wt/7% random M19:
doped to give preferentially L,I,F
In the amino acid region 109-161: Amino acid position 109-118: 93%
wt/7% random Amino acid position 120+123-137+139-161: 90% wt/10%
random
In the amino acid region 208-239: Amino acid position
208-212+214-215+217-231+233-239: 90% wt/10% random
In the amino acid region 253-271: Amino acid position
253+255+259-268+270-271: 90% wt/10% random
V258: 90% wt/10% random but doped not to be a positive charged
amino acid.
The localized random mutagenesis may be performed as described in
the Materials and Methods section and in Example 5 herein, and the
resulting mutants screened for a reduced dependence to calcium
and/or an increased tolerance towards a detergent or detergent
component and afterwards first wash activity. Subsequently, and if
necessary, localized random mutagenesis of the resulting mutants
may be repeated and/or the genes may be subjected to gene shuffling
as disclosed herein.
SEQUENCE LISTING <100> GENERAL INFORMATION: <160>
NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 162 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 30 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 1
gaatgacttg gttgacgcgt caccagtcac 30 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 26
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 2 tctagcccag aatactggat caaatc 26 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211>
LENGTH: 55 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 3 aacagatctt gcgagacctc tctacgtata gggctagcga
gcgcggcgct gatcg 55 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 4 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer <400> SEQUENCE: 4
gttgtgtgga attgtgagcg g 21 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 5 <211> LENGTH: 54 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer <400> SEQUENCE: 5
gcgtggacgg ccttggctag ccctattcgt cctcgaccgg tctcgcagga tctg 54
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 6
<211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: primer <400> SEQUENCE: 6 agaaatcggg tatcctttca g
21 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 7
<211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: primer <400> SEQUENCE: 7 cgaattcgat gcgttccagg
gtggtggcag g 31 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 8 <211> LENGTH: 74 <212> TYPE: DNA
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer <400> SEQUENCE: 8
cgaattcacg cgtcgccgcg tagccagcgg ccgggcgcgg gcggatcggg ctgggcgcgg
60 tggccgccat tgcc 74 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 9 <211> LENGTH: 74 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer <400> SEQUENCE: 9
cgaattcacg cgtcgccgcg tagccagcgg ccttgcgcgg gcggatcgcc gtgggcgcgg
60 tggccgccat tgcc 74 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 10 <211> LENGTH: 74 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 10
cgaattcacg cgtcgccgcg tagccagcgg ccgggcgcgg acggcgcgtc gagggcgcgg
60 tggccgccat tgcc 74 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 11 <211> LENGTH: 74 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 11
cgaattcacg cgtcgccgcg tagccagcgg ccgggcgcgg gcggatcggg ccgggcgcgg
60 tggccgccat tgcc 74 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 12 <211> LENGTH: 68 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 12
cgaattcacg cgtcgccgcg tagccagcgg cccggcggat cgggctgggc gcggtggccg
60 ccattgcc 68 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 13 <211> LENGTH: 77 <212> TYPE: DNA
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 13
cgaattcacg cgtcgccgcg tagccagcgg ccggacgcgg cctgggacgc gggcggggcg
60 cggtggccgc cattgcc 77 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 14 <211> LENGTH: 105 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 14
gctcctcatg gtggatcccc agttgtgtat atagaggatt gaggaaggaa gagaagtgtg
60 gatagaggta aattgagttg gaaactccaa gcatggcatc cttgc 105
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 15
<211> LENGTH: 876 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Humicola lanuginosa DSM 4109 <220> FEATURE: <221>
NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1)..(876) <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: <400> SEQUENCE: 15 atg agg agc tcc ctt gtg ctg
ttc ttt gtc tct gcg tgg acg gcc ttg 48 Met Arg Ser Ser Leu Val Leu
Phe Phe Val Ser Ala Trp Thr Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 gcc agt cct att cgt
cga gag gtc tcg cag gat ctg ttt aac cag ttc 96 Ala Ser Pro Ile Arg
Arg Glu Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Phe Asn Gln Phe 20 25 30 aat ctc ttt
gca cag tat tct gca gcc gca tac tgc gga aaa aac aat 144 Asn Leu Phe
Ala Gln Tyr Ser Ala Ala Ala Tyr Cys Gly Lys Asn Asn 35 40 45 gat
gcc cca gct ggt aca aac att acg tgc acg gga aat gcc tgc ccc 192 Asp
Ala Pro Ala Gly Thr Asn Ile Thr Cys Thr Gly Asn Ala Cys Pro 50 55
60 gag gta gag aag gcg gat gca acg ttt ctc tac tcg ttt gaa gac tct
240 Glu Val Glu Lys Ala Asp Ala Thr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Phe Glu Asp Ser
65 70 75 80 gga gtg ggc gat gtc acc ggc ttc ctt gct ctc gac aac acg
aac aaa 288 Gly Val Gly Asp Val Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Thr
Asn Lys 85 90 95 ttg atc gtc ctc tct ttc cgt ggc tct cgt tcc ata
gag aac tgg atc 336 Leu Ile Val Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly Ser Arg Ser Ile
Glu Asn Trp Ile 100 105 110 ggg aat ctt aac ttc gac ttg aaa gaa ata
aat gac att tgc tcc ggc 384 Gly Asn Leu Asn Phe Asp Leu Lys Glu Ile
Asn Asp Ile Cys Ser Gly 115 120 125 tgc agg gga cat gac ggc ttc act
tcg tcc tgg agg tct gta gcc gat 432 Cys Arg Gly His Asp Gly Phe Thr
Ser Ser Trp Arg Ser Val Ala Asp 130 135 140 acg tta agg cag aag gtg
gag gat gct gtg agg gag cat ccc gac tat 480 Thr Leu Arg Gln Lys Val
Glu Asp Ala Val Arg Glu His Pro Asp Tyr 145 150 155 160 cgc gtg gtg
ttt acc gga cat agc ttg ggt ggt gca ttg gca act gtt 528 Arg Val Val
Phe Thr Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val 165 170 175 gcc
gga gca gac ctg cgt gga aat ggg tat gat atc gac gtg ttt tca 576 Ala
Gly Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Asn Gly Tyr Asp Ile Asp Val Phe Ser 180 185
190 tat ggc gcc ccc cga gtc gga aac agg gct ttt gca gaa ttc ctg acc
624 Tyr Gly Ala Pro Arg Val Gly Asn Arg Ala Phe Ala Glu Phe Leu Thr
195 200 205 gta cag acc ggc gga aca ctc tac cgc att acc cac acc aat
gat att 672 Val Gln Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Tyr Arg Ile Thr His Thr Asn
Asp Ile 210 215 220 gtc cct aga ctc ccg ccg cgc gaa ttc ggt tac agc
cat tct agc cca 720 Val Pro Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Phe Gly Tyr Ser
His Ser Ser Pro 225 230 235 240 gag tac tgg atc aaa tct gga acc ctt
gtc ccc gtc acc cga aac gat 768 Glu Tyr Trp Ile Lys Ser Gly Thr Leu
Val Pro Val Thr Arg Asn Asp 245 250 255 atc gtg aag ata gaa ggc atc
gat gcc acc ggc ggc aat aac cag cct 816 Ile Val Lys Ile Glu Gly Ile
Asp Ala Thr Gly Gly Asn Asn Gln Pro 260 265 270 aac att ccg gat atc
cct gcg cac cta tgg tac ttc ggg tta att ggg 864 Asn Ile Pro Asp Ile
Pro Ala His Leu Trp Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ile Gly 275 280 285 aca tgt ctt
tag 876 Thr Cys Leu 290 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 16 <211> LENGTH: 291 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Humicola lanuginosa DSM 4109 <400>
SEQUENCE: 16 Met Arg Ser Ser Leu Val Leu Phe Phe Val Ser Ala Trp
Thr Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Pro Ile Arg Arg Glu Val Ser Gln Asp
Leu Phe Asn Gln Phe 20 25 30 Asn Leu Phe Ala Gln Tyr Ser Ala Ala
Ala Tyr Cys Gly Lys Asn Asn 35 40 45 Asp Ala Pro Ala Gly Thr Asn
Ile Thr Cys Thr Gly Asn Ala Cys Pro 50 55 60 Glu Val Glu Lys Ala
Asp Ala Thr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Phe Glu Asp Ser 65 70 75 80 Gly Val Gly
Asp Val Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Thr Asn Lys 85 90 95 Leu
Ile Val Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly Ser Arg Ser Ile Glu Asn Trp Ile 100 105
110 Gly Asn Leu Asn Phe Asp Leu Lys Glu Ile Asn Asp Ile Cys Ser Gly
115 120 125 Cys Arg Gly His Asp Gly Phe Thr Ser Ser Trp Arg Ser Val
Ala Asp 130 135 140 Thr Leu Arg Gln Lys Val Glu Asp Ala Val Arg Glu
His Pro Asp Tyr 145 150 155 160 Arg Val Val Phe Thr Gly His Ser Leu
Gly Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val 165 170 175 Ala Gly Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly
Asn Gly Tyr Asp Ile Asp Val Phe Ser 180 185 190 Tyr Gly Ala Pro Arg
Val Gly Asn Arg Ala Phe Ala Glu Phe Leu Thr 195 200 205 Val Gln Thr
Gly Gly Thr Leu Tyr Arg Ile Thr His Thr Asn Asp Ile 210 215 220 Val
Pro Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Phe Gly Tyr Ser His Ser Ser Pro 225 230
235 240 Glu Tyr Trp Ile Lys Ser Gly Thr Leu Val Pro Val Thr Arg Asn
Asp 245 250 255 Ile Val Lys Ile Glu Gly Ile Asp Ala Thr Gly Gly Asn
Asn Gln Pro 260 265 270 Asn Ile Pro Asp Ile Pro Ala His Leu Trp Tyr
Phe Gly Leu Ile Gly 275 280 285 Thr Cys Leu 290 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 17 <211>
LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 17 Arg Pro Val Ser Gln Asp 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 18 <211> LENGTH: 5
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 18 Ser Pro Ile Arg Met 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 19
<211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 19 Ser Pro Ile
Arg Ala Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 20 <211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 20 Ser Pro Ile Arg Pro Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 21 <211> LENGTH: 6
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 21 Ser Pro Ile Arg Glu Arg 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 22
<211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 22 Ser Pro Ile
Arg Lys 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 23 <211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 23 Ser
Pro Ile Lys Lys 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 24 <211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 24 Ser Pro Ile Arg Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 25 <211> LENGTH: 5
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 25 Ser Pro Pro Arg Arg 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 26
<211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 26 Ser Pro Xaa
Pro Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 27 <211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 27 Ser
Pro Arg Pro Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 28 <211> LENGTH: 4 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 28 Ser Pro Ile Arg 1 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 29 <211> LENGTH: 5
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 29 Ser Pro Ile Arg Arg 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 30
<211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 30 Ser Cys Ile
Arg Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 31 <211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 31 Ser
Pro Ile Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 32 <211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 32 Ser Cys Ile Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 33 <211> LENGTH: 7
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 33 Ser Pro Arg Arg Pro Arg Thr 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 34
<211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 34 Ser Pro Phe
Arg Pro Lys Leu 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 35 <211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 35 Ser Pro Pro Arg Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 36 <211> LENGTH: 6
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 36 Ser Pro Ile Arg Arg Glu 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 37
<211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 37 Ser Pro Pro
Arg Pro Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 38 <211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 38 Ser Pro Pro Arg Pro Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 39 <211> LENGTH: 6
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 39 Ser Pro Pro Trp Trp Pro 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 40
<211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 40 Ser Pro Pro
Trp Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 41 <211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 41 Ser Pro Pro Arg Trp Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 42 <211> LENGTH: 6
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 42 Ser Pro Pro Arg Trp Pro 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 43
<211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 43 Ser His Trp
Arg Arg Trp 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 44 <211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 44 Ser His Trp Arg Lys 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 45 <211> LENGTH: 5
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 45 Ser His Trp Arg Arg 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 46
<211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 46 Thr Ala Ile
Arg Pro Arg Lys 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 47 <211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 47 Ser Thr Arg Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 48 <211> LENGTH: 7
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 48 Gly Pro Ile Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 49
<211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 49 Leu Pro Phe
Arg Glu Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 50 <211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 50 Ser Arg Ser Arg His Asp Ala 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 51 <211> LENGTH: 7
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 51 Ile Pro Ile Arg Pro Arg Arg 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 52
<211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 52 Ser Thr Arg
Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 53 <211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 53 Thr Ala Ile Arg Pro Arg Lys 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 54 <211> LENGTH: 6
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 54 Trp Arg Trp Arg Trp Arg 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 55
<211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 55 Glu Pro Ile
Arg Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 56 <211> LENGTH: 5 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 56 Ser
His Trp Glu Glu 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 57 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 57 Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 58 <211>
LENGTH: 11 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 58 Ser Ser Thr Arg Arg Ala
Ser Pro Ile Lys Lys 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 59 <211> LENGTH: 11 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 59 Ala Trp Trp Pro Ser Pro Ile Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 10
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 60
<211> LENGTH: 12 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 60 Ala Pro Pro
Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 61 <211> LENGTH: 12
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 61 Ala Pro Pro Pro Arg Thr Arg Pro
Arg Pro Arg Ser 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 62 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 62 Ser Pro Lys Arg Lys Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 63 <211>
LENGTH: 9 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 63 Ser Gln Arg Ile Lys Gln
Arg Ile Lys 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 64 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 64 Ser Pro Pro Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 65 <211>
LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 65 Ser Pro Ile Arg Pro Arg
Pro Arg Pro Arg 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 66 <211> LENGTH: 9 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 66 Ser Pro Ile Arg Lys Ala Trp Trp Pro 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 67 <211>
LENGTH: 12 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 67 Ala Pro Pro Pro Lys Ala Ser Pro Arg Gln Arg Pro 1 5 10
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 68
<211> LENGTH: 15 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 68 Ser Pro Ile
Arg Pro Arg Pro Ser Pro Ile Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg 1 5 10 15
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 69
<211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 69 Ser Pro Pro
Arg Trp Pro Arg Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 70 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 70 Ser Pro Pro Arg Trp Pro Arg Trp 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 71 <211>
LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 71 Ser Pro Pro Arg Trp Pro
Trp Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 72 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 72 Ser
Pro Pro Trp Arg Pro Arg Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 73 <211> LENGTH: 8
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 73 Ser Pro Pro Trp Trp Pro Arg Trp 1
5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 74
<211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 74 Ser Pro Pro
Trp Trp Pro Trp Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 75 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 75 Ser Pro Pro Trp Trp Pro Trp Trp 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 76 <211>
LENGTH: 9 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 76 Ser Pro Pro Trp Pro Arg
Pro Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 77 <211> LENGTH: 30 <212> TYPE: DNA
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 77
gaatgacttg gttgagtact caccagtcac 30 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 78 <211> LENGTH: 46
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 78 gaactggata ggaaatttga agttcctgtt
gaaagaaata aatgac 46 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 79 <211> LENGTH: 30 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 79
gaatgacttg gttgacgcgt caccagtcac 30 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 80 <211> LENGTH: 54
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 80 gcgtggacgg ccttggctag ccctattcgt
cctcgaccgg tctcgcagga tctg 54 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 81 <211> LENGTH: 57 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 81
gcgtggacgg ccttggcctc wccwatwcgw ccwagaccwg aggtctcgca ggatctg 57
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 82
<211> LENGTH: 93 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 82 gtctctgcgt ggacggcctt
ggcggcgcca cctccacgwc cwagaccwcg wccwagaccw 60 nnsagscagn
asctgtttaa ccagttcaat ctc 93 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 83 <211> LENGTH: 47 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 83
accatacccc ggccgctcct cctaggcgtc ctcggcagct gggagcc 47 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 84 <211>
LENGTH: 59 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 84 accatacccc ggccgctcct agccctccgc
ggcggccgct gggagccatc gagaacggc 59 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 85 <211> LENGTH: 56
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 85 accatacccc ggccgctcct agccctatac
gtaagctggg agccatcgag aacggc 56 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 86 <211> LENGTH: 57
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 86 gagtcccaca tccgaaacat ctggatacaa
ggagtaggag gaccttacga cgccgcg 57 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 87 <211> LENGTH: 7
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 87 Ser Ala Leu Arg Pro Arg Lys 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 88
<211> LENGTH: 12 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 88 Ala Pro Pro
Pro Arg Pro Arg Leu Leu Pro Ile Ser 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 89 <211> LENGTH: 11
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide
addition <400> SEQUENCE: 89 Ala Pro Pro Pro Thr Arg Gln Arg
Gln Ser Pro 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 90 <211> LENGTH: 12 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 90 Ala Pro Pro Pro Arg Thr Ile Pro Arg Ser Ser Pro 1 5 10
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 91
<211> LENGTH: 864 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Pseudomonas sp. <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS
<222> LOCATION: (1)..(864) <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
<400> SEQUENCE: 91 ttc ggc tcc tcg aac tac acc aag acc cag
tac ccg atc gtc ctg acc 48 Phe Gly Ser Ser Asn Tyr Thr Lys Thr Gln
Tyr Pro Ile Val Leu Thr 1 5 10 15 cac ggc atg ctc ggt ttc gac agc
ctg ctt gga gtc gac tac tgg tac 96 His Gly Met Leu Gly Phe Asp Ser
Leu Leu Gly Val Asp Tyr Trp Tyr 20 25 30 ggc att ccc tca gcc ctg
cgt aaa gac ggc gcc acc gtc tac gtc acc 144 Gly Ile Pro Ser Ala Leu
Arg Lys Asp Gly Ala Thr Val Tyr Val Thr 35 40 45 gaa gtc agc cag
ctc gac acc tcc gaa gcc cga ggt gag caa ctg ctg 192 Glu Val Ser Gln
Leu Asp Thr Ser Glu Ala Arg Gly Glu Gln Leu Leu 50 55 60 acc caa
gtc gag gaa atc gtg gcc atc agc ggc aag ccc aag gtc aac 240 Thr Gln
Val Glu Glu Ile Val Ala Ile Ser Gly Lys Pro Lys Val Asn 65 70 75 80
ctg ttc ggc cac agc cat ggc ggg cct acc atc cgc tac gtt gcc gcc
288
Leu Phe Gly His Ser His Gly Gly Pro Thr Ile Arg Tyr Val Ala Ala 85
90 95 gtg cgc ccg gat ctg gtc gcc tcg gtc acc agc att ggc gcg ccg
cac 336 Val Arg Pro Asp Leu Val Ala Ser Val Thr Ser Ile Gly Ala Pro
His 100 105 110 aag ggt tcg gcc acc gcc gac ttc atc cgc cag gtg ccg
gaa gga tcg 384 Lys Gly Ser Ala Thr Ala Asp Phe Ile Arg Gln Val Pro
Glu Gly Ser 115 120 125 gcc agc gaa gcg att ctg gcc ggg atc gtc aat
ggt ctg ggt gcg ctg 432 Ala Ser Glu Ala Ile Leu Ala Gly Ile Val Asn
Gly Leu Gly Ala Leu 130 135 140 atc aac ttc ctt tcc ggc agc agt tcg
gac acc cca cag aac tcg ctg 480 Ile Asn Phe Leu Ser Gly Ser Ser Ser
Asp Thr Pro Gln Asn Ser Leu 145 150 155 160 ggc acg ctg gag tca ctg
aac tcc gaa ggc gcc gca cgg ttt aac gcc 528 Gly Thr Leu Glu Ser Leu
Asn Ser Glu Gly Ala Ala Arg Phe Asn Ala 165 170 175 cgc ttc ccc cag
ggg gta cca acc agc gcc tgc ggc gag ggc gat tac 576 Arg Phe Pro Gln
Gly Val Pro Thr Ser Ala Cys Gly Glu Gly Asp Tyr 180 185 190 gtg gtc
aat ggc gtg cgc tat tac tcc tgg agg ggc acc agc ccg ctg 624 Val Val
Asn Gly Val Arg Tyr Tyr Ser Trp Arg Gly Thr Ser Pro Leu 195 200 205
acc aac gta ctc gac ccc tcc gac ctg ctg ctc ggc gcc acc tcc ctg 672
Thr Asn Val Leu Asp Pro Ser Asp Leu Leu Leu Gly Ala Thr Ser Leu 210
215 220 acc ttc ggt ttc gag gcc aac gat ggt ctg gtc gga cgc tgc agc
tcc 720 Thr Phe Gly Phe Glu Ala Asn Asp Gly Leu Val Gly Arg Cys Ser
Ser 225 230 235 240 cgg ctg ggt atg gtg atc cgc gac aac tac cgg atg
aac cac ctg gac 768 Arg Leu Gly Met Val Ile Arg Asp Asn Tyr Arg Met
Asn His Leu Asp 245 250 255 gag gtg aac cag acc ttc ggg ctg acc agc
atc ttc gag acc agc ccg 816 Glu Val Asn Gln Thr Phe Gly Leu Thr Ser
Ile Phe Glu Thr Ser Pro 260 265 270 gta tcg gtc tat cgc cag caa gcc
aat cgc ctg aag aac gcc ggg ctc 864 Val Ser Val Tyr Arg Gln Gln Ala
Asn Arg Leu Lys Asn Ala Gly Leu 275 280 285 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 92 <211> LENGTH: 288
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Pseudomonas sp.
<400> SEQUENCE: 92 Phe Gly Ser Ser Asn Tyr Thr Lys Thr Gln
Tyr Pro Ile Val Leu Thr 1 5 10 15 His Gly Met Leu Gly Phe Asp Ser
Leu Leu Gly Val Asp Tyr Trp Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Ile Pro Ser Ala Leu
Arg Lys Asp Gly Ala Thr Val Tyr Val Thr 35 40 45 Glu Val Ser Gln
Leu Asp Thr Ser Glu Ala Arg Gly Glu Gln Leu Leu 50 55 60 Thr Gln
Val Glu Glu Ile Val Ala Ile Ser Gly Lys Pro Lys Val Asn 65 70 75 80
Leu Phe Gly His Ser His Gly Gly Pro Thr Ile Arg Tyr Val Ala Ala 85
90 95 Val Arg Pro Asp Leu Val Ala Ser Val Thr Ser Ile Gly Ala Pro
His 100 105 110 Lys Gly Ser Ala Thr Ala Asp Phe Ile Arg Gln Val Pro
Glu Gly Ser 115 120 125 Ala Ser Glu Ala Ile Leu Ala Gly Ile Val Asn
Gly Leu Gly Ala Leu 130 135 140 Ile Asn Phe Leu Ser Gly Ser Ser Ser
Asp Thr Pro Gln Asn Ser Leu 145 150 155 160 Gly Thr Leu Glu Ser Leu
Asn Ser Glu Gly Ala Ala Arg Phe Asn Ala 165 170 175 Arg Phe Pro Gln
Gly Val Pro Thr Ser Ala Cys Gly Glu Gly Asp Tyr 180 185 190 Val Val
Asn Gly Val Arg Tyr Tyr Ser Trp Arg Gly Thr Ser Pro Leu 195 200 205
Thr Asn Val Leu Asp Pro Ser Asp Leu Leu Leu Gly Ala Thr Ser Leu 210
215 220 Thr Phe Gly Phe Glu Ala Asn Asp Gly Leu Val Gly Arg Cys Ser
Ser 225 230 235 240 Arg Leu Gly Met Val Ile Arg Asp Asn Tyr Arg Met
Asn His Leu Asp 245 250 255 Glu Val Asn Gln Thr Phe Gly Leu Thr Ser
Ile Phe Glu Thr Ser Pro 260 265 270 Val Ser Val Tyr Arg Gln Gln Ala
Asn Arg Leu Lys Asn Ala Gly Leu 275 280 285 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 93 <211> LENGTH: 54
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 93 ttatttcttt tcaagtcgaa gttmagatts
ccgaatccag ttctctatgg aacg 54 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 94 <211> LENGTH: 64 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 94
catttatttc tttcaasnng aasttmagat tsgctatcca gttctttatg gaacgagwgc
60 cacg 64 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID
NO 95 <211> LENGTH: 30 <212> TYPE: DNA <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 95 gaatgacttg
gttgagtact caccagtcac 30 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 96 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 96
gcacgtaatg tttgtacc 18 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 97 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 97
cggtacccgg ggatccac 18 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 98 <211> LENGTH: 30 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 98
gagctcgagg aattcttaca aaccttcaac 30 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 99 <211> LENGTH: 47
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 99 ttaattaagg tacctgaatt taaatggtga
agagatagat atccaag 47 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 100 <211> LENGTH: 51 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 100
tcaccattta aattcaggta ccttaattaa attccttgtt ggaagcgtcg a 51
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 101
<211> LENGTH: 42 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 101 tggtatgcat aagcttgaat
tcaggtaaac aagatataat tt 42 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 102 <211> LENGTH: 32 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 102
cccatttaaa tatgaggagc tcccttgtgc tg 32 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 103 <211> LENGTH: 32
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 103 cccttaatta actaaagaca tgtcccaatt aa 32
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 104
<211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 104 Ser Ser Lys
Gln Asp Tyr Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 105 <211> LENGTH: 42 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 105
cttggctagc cctatacgta gatcatccac acaagattat cg 42 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 106 <211>
LENGTH: 32 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 106 cttggctagc tccacacaag attatcgtat tg 32
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 107
<211> LENGTH: 32 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 107 gccctctaga ctataaacag
agaccagtgt tc 32 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 108 <211> LENGTH: 83 <212> TYPE: DNA
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 108
gtagtttttc gtggtacaag stcaatwcgs aackssatwg ckgacatwgt ktttgtkccs
60 gtsaattatc cacctgttaa tgg 83 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 109 <211> LENGTH: 17
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 109 agaacagctg ttgcacc 17 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 110 <211>
LENGTH: 16 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 110 ccggggatcc accatg 16 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 111 <211> LENGTH: 20
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 111
gccctctaga ctataaacag 20 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 112 <211> LENGTH: 17 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 112
ctgcagaact gtcattc 17 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 113 <211> LENGTH: 16 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 113
ttgagcttgt accacg 16 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 114 <211> LENGTH: 36 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 114
ccggggatcc accatgagat ttccttctat ttttac 36 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 115 <211> LENGTH: 31
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 115 tggagctagc tcttttatcc aaagaaacac c 31
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 116
<211> LENGTH: 85 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 116 cagccaatgc atactgccaa
cttaggcggt tgaagaagca agaacatgat ttgtcggata 60 agagggcatc
caatttgcaa attac 85 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 117 <211> LENGTH: 1115 <212>
TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220>
FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400>
SEQUENCE: 117 aaaggcattc tcattttgta gtcttattgc tagcagtatt
catctgcatg tgctctgtat 60 cgggtgtgcc actgcaaatt gatccacgcg
atgacaagag ctatgttcct gaacaatatc 120 ctttgaaggt gaatggtcct
ttgccagaag gtgtaagcgt gatccaaggc tattgtgaaa 180 actgtaccat
gtatcctgaa aaaaatagtg tatcggcatt ctcgtcatca tccacacaag 240
attatcgtat tgcaagcgag gcagagatta aggcacacac attttacaca gcattgtcag
300 ccaatgcata ctgcagaact gtcattcctg gtggtcgatg gagctgtccc
cactgtggtg 360 ttgcatccaa tttgcaaatt accaagactt tcagcacctt
aatcactgat actaatgtct 420 tggtggctgt tggcgaaaag gagaagacca
tctatgtagt ttttcgtggt acaagctcaa 480 ttcgcaacgc cattgctgac
attgtttttg taccagtgaa ttatccacct gttaatggag 540 ccaaagtaca
caaaggattt cttgatagct ataacgaagt ccaggataaa cttgttgctg 600
aagtcaaggc acaacttgat cgtcatccag gatacaagat cgtcgtcact ggacattcct
660 tgggaggtgc aacagctgtt ctcagtgcac ttgaccttta tcaccatggc
catgccaata 720 tcgaaatcta tactcaaggt cagccacgta taggtactcc
agcatttgca aactatgtga 780 taggcaccaa gattccatac caacgtcttg
tccatgagcg tgacattgtt cctcaccttc 840 cacctggtgc atttggtttc
ttgcatgctg gtgaagagtt ttggatcatg aaagatagct 900 cgttgcgcgt
atgtccaaat ggcattgaaa ctgacaactg cagcaactcc attgttccct 960
tcactagtgt cattgaccat ttaagctatc ttgacatgaa cactggtctc tgtttataat
1020 ctttagtatc atccactcct cctctttaat gcaatacttt ttaagataaa
tcacaagtat 1080 actttgtaca aaaccaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa 1115
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 118
<211> LENGTH: 1020 <212> TYPE: DNA <213>
ORGANISM: Absidia reflexa <220> FEATURE: <221>
NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (3)..(878) <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: <400> SEQUENCE: 118 ca cat aca gga att cat tca
aga ata gtt caa aca aga aga tta caa 47 His Thr Gly Ile His Ser Arg
Ile Val Gln Thr Arg Arg Leu Gln 1 5 10 15 act atc aat ttc ata cac
aat ata aac gac ggt acc cgg gga tcc acc 95 Thr Ile Asn Phe Ile His
Asn Ile Asn Asp Gly Thr Arg Gly Ser Thr 20 25 30 atg agg agc tcc
ctt gtg ctg ttc ttt gtc tct gcg tgg acg gcc ttg 143 Met Arg Ser Ser
Leu Val Leu Phe Phe Val Ser Ala Trp Thr Ala Leu 35 40 45 gct agc
tcc aca caa gat tat cgt att gca agc gag gca gag att aag 191 Ala Ser
Ser Thr Gln Asp Tyr Arg Ile Ala Ser Glu Ala Glu Ile Lys 50 55 60
gca cac aca ttt tac aca gca ttg tca gcc aat gca tac tgc aga act 239
Ala His Thr Phe Tyr Thr Ala Leu Ser Ala Asn Ala Tyr Cys Arg Thr 65
70 75 gtc att cct ggt ggt cga tgg agc tgt ccc cac tgt ggt gtt gca
tcc 287 Val Ile Pro Gly Gly Arg Trp Ser Cys Pro His Cys Gly Val Ala
Ser 80 85 90 95 aat ttg caa att acc aag act ttc agc acc tta atc act
gat act aat 335 Asn Leu Gln Ile Thr Lys Thr Phe Ser Thr Leu Ile Thr
Asp Thr Asn 100 105 110 gtc ttg gtg gct gtt ggc gaa aag gtt gtt ttt
gta cca gtg aat tat 383 Val Leu Val Ala Val Gly Glu Lys Val Val Phe
Val Pro Val Asn Tyr 115 120 125 cca cct gtt aat gga gcc aaa gta cac
aaa gga ttt ctt gat agc tat 431 Pro Pro Val Asn Gly Ala Lys Val His
Lys Gly Phe Leu Asp Ser Tyr 130 135 140 aac gaa gtc cag gat aaa ctt
gtt gct gaa gtc aag gca caa ctt gat 479 Asn Glu Val Gln Asp Lys Leu
Val Ala Glu Val Lys Ala Gln Leu Asp 145 150 155 cgt cat cca gga tac
aag atc gtc gtc act gga cat tcc ttg gga ggt 527 Arg His Pro Gly Tyr
Lys Ile Val Val Thr Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly 160 165 170 175 gca aca
gct gtt ctc agt gca ctt gac ctt tat cac cat ggc cat gcc 575 Ala Thr
Ala Val Leu Ser Ala Leu Asp Leu Tyr His His Gly His Ala 180 185 190
aat atc gaa atc tat act caa ggt cag cca cgt ata ggt act cca gca 623
Asn Ile Glu Ile Tyr Thr Gln Gly Gln Pro Arg Ile Gly Thr Pro Ala 195
200 205 ttt gca aac tat gtg att ggc acc aag att cca tac caa cgt ctt
gtc 671 Phe Ala Asn Tyr Val Ile Gly Thr Lys Ile Pro Tyr Gln Arg Leu
Val 210 215 220 cat gag cgt gac att gtt cct cac ctt cca cct ggt gca
ttt ggt ttc 719 His Glu Arg Asp Ile Val Pro His Leu Pro Pro Gly Ala
Phe Gly Phe 225 230 235 ttg cat gct ggt gaa gag ttt tgg atc atg aaa
gat agc tcg ttg cgc 767 Leu His Ala Gly Glu Glu Phe Trp Ile Met Lys
Asp Ser Ser Leu Arg 240 245 250 255 gta tgt cca aat ggc att gaa act
gac aac tgc agc aac tcc att gtt 815 Val Cys Pro Asn Gly Ile Glu Thr
Asp Asn Cys Ser Asn Ser Ile Val 260 265 270 ccc ttc act agt gtc att
gac cat tta agc tat ctt gac atg aac act 863 Pro Phe Thr Ser Val Ile
Asp His Leu Ser Tyr Leu Asp Met Asn Thr 275 280 285 ggt ctc tgt tta
tag tctagagggc cgcatgatgt aattagttat gtcacgctta 918 Gly Leu Cys Leu
290 cattcacgcc ctccccccac atccgctcta accgaaaagg aaggagttag
acaacctgaa 978 gtctaggtcc ctatttattt ttttatagtt atgttagtat ta 1020
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 119
<211> LENGTH: 291 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Absidia reflexa <400> SEQUENCE: 119 His Thr Gly Ile His Ser
Arg Ile Val Gln Thr Arg Arg Leu Gln Thr 1 5 10 15 Ile Asn Phe Ile
His Asn Ile Asn Asp Gly Thr Arg Gly Ser Thr Met 20 25 30 Arg Ser
Ser Leu Val Leu Phe Phe Val Ser Ala Trp Thr Ala Leu Ala 35 40 45
Ser Ser Thr Gln Asp Tyr Arg Ile Ala Ser Glu Ala Glu Ile Lys Ala 50
55 60 His Thr Phe Tyr Thr Ala Leu Ser Ala Asn Ala Tyr Cys Arg Thr
Val 65 70 75 80 Ile Pro Gly Gly Arg Trp Ser Cys Pro His Cys Gly Val
Ala Ser Asn 85 90 95 Leu Gln Ile Thr Lys Thr Phe Ser Thr Leu Ile
Thr Asp Thr Asn Val 100 105 110 Leu Val Ala Val Gly Glu Lys Val Val
Phe Val Pro Val Asn Tyr Pro 115 120 125 Pro Val Asn Gly Ala Lys Val
His Lys Gly Phe Leu Asp Ser Tyr Asn 130 135 140 Glu Val Gln Asp Lys
Leu Val Ala Glu Val Lys Ala Gln Leu Asp Arg 145 150 155 160 His Pro
Gly Tyr Lys Ile Val Val Thr Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala 165 170 175
Thr Ala Val Leu Ser Ala Leu Asp Leu Tyr His His Gly His Ala Asn 180
185 190 Ile Glu Ile Tyr Thr Gln Gly Gln Pro Arg Ile Gly Thr Pro Ala
Phe 195 200 205 Ala Asn Tyr Val Ile Gly Thr Lys Ile Pro Tyr Gln Arg
Leu Val His 210 215 220 Glu Arg Asp Ile Val Pro His Leu Pro Pro Gly
Ala Phe Gly Phe Leu 225 230 235 240 His Ala Gly Glu Glu Phe Trp Ile
Met Lys Asp Ser Ser Leu Arg Val 245 250 255 Cys Pro Asn Gly Ile Glu
Thr Asp Asn Cys Ser Asn Ser Ile Val Pro 260 265 270 Phe Thr Ser Val
Ile Asp His Leu Ser Tyr Leu Asp Met Asn Thr Gly 275 280 285 Leu Cys
Leu 290 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO
120 <211> LENGTH: 255 <212> TYPE: DNA <213>
ORGANISM: Yeast <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS
<222> LOCATION: (1)..(255) <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
<400> SEQUENCE: 120 atg aga ttt cct tct att ttt act gct gtt
tta ttc gct gct tcc tcc 48 Met Arg Phe Pro Ser Ile Phe Thr Ala Val
Leu Phe Ala Ala Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 gct tta gct gct cca gtc aac act
acc act gaa gat gaa acg gct caa 96 Ala Leu Ala Ala Pro Val Asn Thr
Thr Thr Glu Asp Glu Thr Ala Gln 20 25 30 att cca gct gaa gct gtc
atc ggt tac ctt gat tta gaa ggt gat ttc 144 Ile Pro Ala Glu Ala Val
Ile Gly Tyr Leu Asp Leu Glu Gly Asp Phe 35 40 45 gat gtt gct gtt
ttg cca ttt tcc aac tcc acc aat aac ggt tta ttg 192 Asp Val Ala Val
Leu Pro Phe Ser Asn Ser Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Leu 50 55 60 ttt atc
aat act act att gcc tcc att gct gct aaa gaa gaa ggt gtt 240 Phe Ile
Asn Thr Thr Ile Ala Ser Ile Ala Ala Lys Glu Glu Gly Val 65 70 75 80
tct ttg gat aaa aga 255 Ser Leu Asp Lys Arg 85 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 121 <211> LENGTH: 85
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Yeast <400>
SEQUENCE: 121 Met Arg Phe Pro Ser Ile Phe Thr Ala Val Leu Phe Ala
Ala Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Ala Ala Pro Val Asn Thr Thr Thr Glu
Asp Glu Thr Ala Gln 20 25 30 Ile Pro Ala Glu Ala Val Ile Gly Tyr
Leu Asp Leu Glu Gly Asp Phe 35 40 45 Asp Val Ala Val Leu Pro Phe
Ser Asn Ser Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Leu 50 55 60 Phe Ile Asn Thr Thr
Ile Ala Ser Ile Ala Ala Lys Glu Glu Gly Val 65 70 75 80 Ser Leu Asp
Lys Arg 85 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID
NO 122 <211> LENGTH: 336 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Absidia <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: signal
<222> LOCATION: (1)..(85) <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
<400> SEQUENCE: 122 Met Arg Phe Tyr Ser Val Val Ser Leu Leu
Ala Val Ser Ile Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Val Ser Gly Val Pro Val
Gln Ile Gly Pro Arg Asp Lys Ser 20 25 30 Tyr Val Pro Glu Gln Tyr
Pro Leu Lys Met Asn Gly Pro Leu Pro Glu 35 40 45
Gly Val Ser Val Ile Gln Gly Tyr Cys Glu Asn Cys Thr Met Tyr Pro 50
55 60 Glu Glu Asn Ser Val Thr Ala Leu Ser Ser Ser Lys Gln Asp Tyr
Arg 65 70 75 80 Thr Ala Ser Glu Thr Glu Ile Gln Ala His Thr Phe Tyr
Thr Ala Leu 85 90 95 Ser Ala Asn Ala Tyr Cys Arg Asn Val Ile Pro
Gly Gly Arg Trp Ser 100 105 110 Cys Pro His Cys Asp Val Thr Ser Asn
Leu Lys Ile Thr Lys Thr Phe 115 120 125 Ser Thr Leu Ile Thr Asp Thr
Asn Val Ala Val Ala Val Gly Glu Lys 130 135 140 Glu Lys Thr Ile Tyr
Ile Val Phe Arg Gly Thr Asn Ser Ile Arg Asn 145 150 155 160 Ala Ile
Ala Asp Ile Val Phe Val Pro Val Asp Tyr Pro Pro Val Asp 165 170 175
Gly Ala Lys Val His Lys Gly Phe Leu Asp Ser Tyr Asn Glu Val Gln 180
185 190 Asp Gln Leu Val Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Gln Leu Asp Asn His Pro
Gly 195 200 205 Tyr Lys Ile Val Val Ala Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala
Thr Ala Val 210 215 220 Leu Cys Ala Leu Asp Leu Tyr His His Gly His
His Asn Ile Glu Ile 225 230 235 240 Tyr Thr Gln Gly Gln Pro Arg Val
Gly Thr Pro Ala Phe Ala Lys Tyr 245 250 255 Val Ile Gly Thr Lys Ile
Pro Tyr Gln Arg Leu Val Asn Glu Arg Asp 260 265 270 Ile Val Pro His
Leu Pro Pro Gly Ala Phe Gly Phe Leu His Ala Gly 275 280 285 Glu Glu
Phe Trp Ile Met Lys Asp Ser Ser Leu Arg Val Cys Pro Asn 290 295 300
Gly Ile Glu Thr Asp Asp Cys Ser Asn Ser Ile Val Pro Phe Thr Ser 305
310 315 320 Val Ile Asp His Leu Ser Tyr Leu Asp Met Asn Thr Gly Leu
Cys Leu 325 330 335 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 123 <211> LENGTH: 14 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 123 Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
Xaa 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID
NO 124 <211> LENGTH: 29 <212> TYPE: DNA <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 124 cgatcgcatc
ggctgctgag gtctcgcaa 29 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 125 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 125
gatcttcgga gacctcagca gccgatgcga t 31 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 126 <211> LENGTH: 21
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 126 agcccgatcc gcccgcgccc g 21 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 127 <211>
LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 127 acggcgatcc gcccgcgcaa g 21 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 128 <211>
LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 128 tcgacgcgcc gtccgcgccc g 21 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 129 <211>
LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 129 ggcccgatcc gcccgcgccc g 21 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 130 <211>
LENGTH: 15 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 130 agcccgatcc gccgg 15 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 131 <211> LENGTH: 24
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 131 cgcccgcgtc ccaggccgcg tccg 24 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 132 <211>
LENGTH: 12 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 132 tctccgcgcc cg 12 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 133 <211> LENGTH: 56
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 133 accatacccc ggccgctcct agccctccgc
ggccgctggg agccatcgag aacggc 56 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 134 <211> LENGTH: 39
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 134 gggacatgtc ttcgacgacc gtagcggctg
ggtcgactc 39 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 135 <211> LENGTH: 37 <212> TYPE: DNA <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 135 gggacatgtc
ttcggcggta ggcgcggctg ggtcgac 37 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 136 <211> LENGTH: 35
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Humicola insolens
<400> SEQUENCE: 136 Ile Glu Gly Ile Asp Ala Thr Gly Gly Asn
Asn Arg Pro Asn Ile Pro 1 5 10 15 Asp Ile Pro Ala His Leu Trp Tyr
Phe Gly Leu Ile Gly Thr Cys Leu 20 25 30 Arg Arg Pro 35 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 137 <211>
LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 137 tctagcccag aatactggat caaatc 26
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 138
<211> LENGTH: 35 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 138 ggcggcaata accggccgaa
cattccggat atccc 35 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 139 <211> LENGTH: 32 <212> TYPE:
DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 139
atatcgtgaa gatatgcggc attgatgcca cc 32 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 140 <211> LENGTH: 32
<212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Primer
<400> SEQUENCE: 140 cggccttggc tagctgtatt cgtcgagagg tc 32
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 141
<211> LENGTH: 885 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Humicola lanuginosa lipase <220> FEATURE: <221>
NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1)..(882) <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: <400> SEQUENCE: 141 atg aaa cgc att tgt ggt tcc
ctg ctg ttg ctc ggt ttg tcg atc agc 48 Met Lys Arg Ile Cys Gly Ser
Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Ser Ile Ser -25 -20 -15 -10 gcc gcg ctc gct
agc cct ata cgt aga gag gtc tcg cag gat ctg ttt 96 Ala Ala Leu Ala
Ser Pro Ile Arg Arg Glu Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Phe -5 -1 1 5 aac cag
ttc aat ctc ttt gca cag tat tct gca gcc gca tac tgc gga 144 Asn Gln
Phe Asn Leu Phe Ala Gln Tyr Ser Ala Ala Ala Tyr Cys Gly 10 15 20
aaa aac aat gat gcc cca gct ggt aca aac att acg tgc acg gga aat 192
Lys Asn Asn Asp Ala Pro Ala Gly Thr Asn Ile Thr Cys Thr Gly Asn 25
30 35 gcc tgc ccc gag gta gag aag gcg gat gca acg ttt ctc tac tcg
ttt 240 Ala Cys Pro Glu Val Glu Lys Ala Asp Ala Thr Phe Leu Tyr Ser
Phe 40 45 50 55 gaa gac tct gga gtg ggc gat gtc acc ggc ttc ctt gct
ctc gac aac 288 Glu Asp Ser Gly Val Gly Asp Val Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala
Leu Asp Asn 60 65 70 acg aac aaa ttg atc gtc ctc tct ttc cgt ggc
tct cgt tcc ata gag 336 Thr Asn Lys Leu Ile Val Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly
Ser Arg Ser Ile Glu 75 80 85 aac tgg atc ggg aat ctt aac ttc gac
ttg aaa gaa ata aat gac att 384 Asn Trp Ile Gly Asn Leu Asn Phe Asp
Leu Lys Glu Ile Asn Asp Ile 90 95 100 tgc tcc ggc tgc agg gga cat
gac ggc ttc act tcg tcc tgg agg tct 432 Cys Ser Gly Cys Arg Gly His
Asp Gly Phe Thr Ser Ser Trp Arg Ser 105 110 115 gta gcc gat acg tta
agg cag aag gtg gag gat gct gtg agg gag cat 480 Val Ala Asp Thr Leu
Arg Gln Lys Val Glu Asp Ala Val Arg Glu His 120 125 130 135 ccc gac
tat cgc gtg gtg ttt acc gga cat agc ttg ggt ggt gca ttg 528 Pro Asp
Tyr Arg Val Val Phe Thr Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala Leu 140 145 150
gca act gtt gcc gga gca gac ctg cgt gga aat ggg tat gat atc gac 576
Ala Thr Val Ala Gly Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Asn Gly Tyr Asp Ile Asp 155
160 165 gtg ttt tca tat ggc gcc ccc cga gtc gga aac agg gct ttt gca
gaa 624 Val Phe Ser Tyr Gly Ala Pro Arg Val Gly Asn Arg Ala Phe Ala
Glu 170 175 180
ttc ctg acc gta cag acc ggc gga aca ctc tac cgc att acc cac acc 672
Phe Leu Thr Val Gln Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Tyr Arg Ile Thr His Thr 185
190 195 aat gat att gtc cct aga ctc ccg ccg cgc gaa ttc ggt tac agc
cat 720 Asn Asp Ile Val Pro Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Phe Gly Tyr Ser
His 200 205 210 215 tct agc cca gag tac tgg atc aaa tct gga acc ctt
gtc ccc gtc acc 768 Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Trp Ile Lys Ser Gly Thr Leu
Val Pro Val Thr 220 225 230 cga aac gat atc gtg aag ata gaa ggc atc
gat gcc acc ggc ggc aat 816 Arg Asn Asp Ile Val Lys Ile Glu Gly Ile
Asp Ala Thr Gly Gly Asn 235 240 245 aac cag cct aac att ccg gat atc
cct gcg cac cta tgg tac ttc ggg 864 Asn Gln Pro Asn Ile Pro Asp Ile
Pro Ala His Leu Trp Tyr Phe Gly 250 255 260 tta att ggg aca tgt ctt
tag 885 Leu Ile Gly Thr Cys Leu 265 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 142 <211> LENGTH: 294
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Humicola lanuginosa
lipase <400> SEQUENCE: 142 Met Lys Arg Ile Cys Gly Ser Leu
Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Ser Ile Ser -25 -20 -15 -10 Ala Ala Leu Ala Ser
Pro Ile Arg Arg Glu Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Phe -5 -1 1 5 Asn Gln Phe
Asn Leu Phe Ala Gln Tyr Ser Ala Ala Ala Tyr Cys Gly 10 15 20 Lys
Asn Asn Asp Ala Pro Ala Gly Thr Asn Ile Thr Cys Thr Gly Asn 25 30
35 Ala Cys Pro Glu Val Glu Lys Ala Asp Ala Thr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Phe
40 45 50 55 Glu Asp Ser Gly Val Gly Asp Val Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala Leu
Asp Asn 60 65 70 Thr Asn Lys Leu Ile Val Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly Ser
Arg Ser Ile Glu 75 80 85 Asn Trp Ile Gly Asn Leu Asn Phe Asp Leu
Lys Glu Ile Asn Asp Ile 90 95 100 Cys Ser Gly Cys Arg Gly His Asp
Gly Phe Thr Ser Ser Trp Arg Ser 105 110 115 Val Ala Asp Thr Leu Arg
Gln Lys Val Glu Asp Ala Val Arg Glu His 120 125 130 135 Pro Asp Tyr
Arg Val Val Phe Thr Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala Leu 140 145 150 Ala
Thr Val Ala Gly Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Asn Gly Tyr Asp Ile Asp 155 160
165 Val Phe Ser Tyr Gly Ala Pro Arg Val Gly Asn Arg Ala Phe Ala Glu
170 175 180 Phe Leu Thr Val Gln Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Tyr Arg Ile Thr
His Thr 185 190 195 Asn Asp Ile Val Pro Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Phe
Gly Tyr Ser His 200 205 210 215 Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Trp Ile Lys Ser
Gly Thr Leu Val Pro Val Thr 220 225 230 Arg Asn Asp Ile Val Lys Ile
Glu Gly Ile Asp Ala Thr Gly Gly Asn 235 240 245 Asn Gln Pro Asn Ile
Pro Asp Ile Pro Ala His Leu Trp Tyr Phe Gly 250 255 260 Leu Ile Gly
Thr Cys Leu 265 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 143 <211> LENGTH: 294 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Humicola lanuginose lipase <400>
SEQUENCE: 143 Met Lys Arg Ile Cys Gly Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu
Ser Ile Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Ala Leu Ala Ser Pro Ile Arg Arg Glu Val
Ser Gln Asp Leu Phe 20 25 30 Asn Gln Phe Asn Leu Phe Ala Gln Tyr
Ser Ala Ala Ala Tyr Cys Gly 35 40 45 Lys Asn Asn Asp Ala Pro Ala
Gly Thr Asn Ile Thr Cys Thr Gly Asn 50 55 60 Ala Cys Pro Glu Val
Glu Lys Ala Asp Ala Thr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Phe 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ser
Gly Val Gly Asp Val Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn 85 90 95 Thr
Asn Lys Leu Ile Val Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly Ser Arg Ser Ile Glu 100 105
110 Asn Trp Ile Gly Asn Leu Asn Phe Asp Leu Lys Glu Ile Asn Asp Ile
115 120 125 Cys Ser Gly Cys Arg Gly His Asp Gly Phe Thr Ser Ser Trp
Arg Ser 130 135 140 Val Ala Asp Thr Leu Arg Gln Lys Val Glu Asp Ala
Val Arg Glu His 145 150 155 160 Pro Asp Tyr Arg Val Val Phe Thr Gly
His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala Leu 165 170 175 Ala Thr Val Ala Gly Ala Asp
Leu Arg Gly Asn Gly Tyr Asp Ile Asp 180 185 190 Val Phe Ser Tyr Gly
Ala Pro Arg Val Gly Asn Arg Ala Phe Ala Glu 195 200 205 Phe Leu Thr
Val Gln Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Tyr Arg Ile Thr His Thr 210 215 220 Asn
Asp Ile Val Pro Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Phe Gly Tyr Ser His 225 230
235 240 Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Trp Ile Lys Ser Gly Thr Leu Val Pro Val
Thr 245 250 255 Arg Asn Asp Ile Val Lys Ile Glu Gly Ile Asp Ala Thr
Gly Gly Asn 260 265 270 Asn Gln Pro Asn Ile Pro Asp Ile Pro Ala His
Leu Trp Tyr Phe Gly 275 280 285 Leu Ile Gly Thr Cys Leu 290
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 144
<211> LENGTH: 870 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM:
Humicola lanuginosa lipase <220> FEATURE: <221>
NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1)..(867) <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: <400> SEQUENCE: 144 atg aaa cgc att tgt ggt tcc
ctg ctg ttg ctc ggt ttg tcg atc agc 48 Met Lys Arg Ile Cys Gly Ser
Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Ser Ile Ser 1 5 10 15 gcc gcg ctc gcc gag
gtc tcg cag gat ctg ttt aac cag ttc aat ctc 96 Ala Ala Leu Ala Glu
Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Phe Asn Gln Phe Asn Leu 20 25 30 ttt gca cag
tat tct gca gcc gca tac tgc gga aaa aac aat gat gcc 144 Phe Ala Gln
Tyr Ser Ala Ala Ala Tyr Cys Gly Lys Asn Asn Asp Ala 35 40 45 cca
gct ggt aca aac att acg tgc acg gga aat gcc tgc ccc gag gta 192 Pro
Ala Gly Thr Asn Ile Thr Cys Thr Gly Asn Ala Cys Pro Glu Val 50 55
60 gag aag gcg gat gca acg ttt ctc tac tcg ttt gaa gac tct gga gtg
240 Glu Lys Ala Asp Ala Thr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Phe Glu Asp Ser Gly Val
65 70 75 80 ggc gat gtc acc ggc ttc ctt gct ctc gac aac acg aac aaa
ttg atc 288 Gly Asp Val Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Thr Asn Lys
Leu Ile 85 90 95 gtc ctc tct ttc cgt ggc tct cgt tcc ata gag aac
tgg atc ggg aat 336 Val Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly Ser Arg Ser Ile Glu Asn
Trp Ile Gly Asn 100 105 110 ctt aac ttc gac ttg aaa gaa ata aat gac
att tgc tcc ggc tgc agg 384 Leu Asn Phe Asp Leu Lys Glu Ile Asn Asp
Ile Cys Ser Gly Cys Arg 115 120 125 gga cat gac ggc ttc act tcg tcc
tgg agg tct gta gcc gat acg tta 432 Gly His Asp Gly Phe Thr Ser Ser
Trp Arg Ser Val Ala Asp Thr Leu 130 135 140 agg cag aag gtg gag gat
gct gtg agg gag cat ccc gac tat cgc gtg 480 Arg Gln Lys Val Glu Asp
Ala Val Arg Glu His Pro Asp Tyr Arg Val 145 150 155 160 gtg ttt acc
gga cat agc ttg ggt ggt gca ttg gca act gtt gcc gga 528 Val Phe Thr
Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Ala Gly 165 170 175 gca
gac ctg cgt gga aat ggg tat gat atc gac gtg ttt tca tat ggc 576 Ala
Asp Leu Arg Gly Asn Gly Tyr Asp Ile Asp Val Phe Ser Tyr Gly 180 185
190 gcc ccc cga gtc gga aac agg gct ttt gca gaa ttc ctg acc gta cag
624 Ala Pro Arg Val Gly Asn Arg Ala Phe Ala Glu Phe Leu Thr Val Gln
195 200 205 acc ggc gga aca ctc tac cgc att acc cac acc aat gat att
gtc cct 672 Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Tyr Arg Ile Thr His Thr Asn Asp Ile
Val Pro 210 215 220 aga ctc ccg ccg cgc gaa ttc ggt tac agc cat tct
agc cca gag tac 720 Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Phe Gly Tyr Ser His Ser
Ser Pro Glu Tyr 225 230 235 240 tgg atc aaa tct gga acc ctt gtc ccc
gtc acc cga aac gat atc gtg 768 Trp Ile Lys Ser Gly Thr Leu Val Pro
Val Thr Arg Asn Asp Ile Val 245 250 255 aag ata gaa ggc atc gat gcc
acc ggc ggc aat aac cag cct aac att 816 Lys Ile Glu Gly Ile Asp Ala
Thr Gly Gly Asn Asn Gln Pro Asn Ile 260 265 270 ccg gat atc cct gcg
cac cta tgg tac ttc ggg tta att ggg aca tgt 864 Pro Asp Ile Pro Ala
His Leu Trp Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ile Gly Thr Cys 275 280 285 ctt tag 870
Leu <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 145
<211> LENGTH: 289 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Humicola lanuginosa lipase <400> SEQUENCE: 145 Met Lys Arg
Ile Cys Gly Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Ser Ile Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala
Ala Leu Ala Glu Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Phe Asn Gln Phe Asn Leu 20 25
30 Phe Ala Gln Tyr Ser Ala Ala Ala Tyr Cys Gly Lys Asn Asn Asp Ala
35 40 45 Pro Ala Gly Thr Asn Ile Thr Cys Thr Gly Asn Ala Cys Pro
Glu Val 50 55 60 Glu Lys Ala Asp Ala Thr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Phe Glu
Asp Ser Gly Val 65 70 75 80 Gly Asp Val Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala Leu Asp
Asn Thr Asn Lys Leu Ile 85 90 95 Val Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly Ser Arg
Ser Ile Glu Asn Trp Ile Gly Asn 100 105 110 Leu Asn Phe Asp Leu Lys
Glu Ile Asn Asp Ile Cys Ser Gly Cys Arg 115 120 125 Gly His Asp Gly
Phe Thr Ser Ser Trp Arg Ser Val Ala Asp Thr Leu 130 135 140 Arg Gln
Lys Val Glu Asp Ala Val Arg Glu His Pro Asp Tyr Arg Val 145 150 155
160 Val Phe Thr Gly His Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Ala Gly
165 170 175 Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Asn Gly Tyr Asp Ile Asp Val Phe Ser
Tyr Gly 180 185 190 Ala Pro Arg Val Gly Asn Arg Ala Phe Ala Glu Phe
Leu Thr Val Gln 195 200 205 Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Tyr Arg Ile Thr His
Thr Asn Asp Ile Val Pro 210 215 220 Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Phe Gly
Tyr Ser His Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr 225 230 235 240 Trp Ile Lys Ser Gly
Thr Leu Val Pro Val Thr Arg Asn Asp Ile Val 245 250 255 Lys Ile Glu
Gly Ile Asp Ala Thr Gly Gly Asn Asn Gln Pro Asn Ile 260 265 270 Pro
Asp Ile Pro Ala His Leu Trp Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ile Gly Thr Cys 275 280
285 Leu <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO
146 <211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 146 Ser
Arg Lys Arg Lys Arg Lys 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
<210> SEQ ID NO 147 <211> LENGTH: 9 <212> TYPE:
PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 147 Ser Pro Arg Ile Lys Pro Arg Ile Lys 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 148 <211>
LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 148 Ser Pro Pro Arg Arg Pro
Arg 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO
149 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400>
SEQUENCE: 149 Ser Pro Pro Cys Gly Arg Arg Pro 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 150 <211>
LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 150 Ser Pro Cys Arg Pro Arg
Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO
151 <211> LENGTH: 8 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Peptide addition <400> SEQUENCE: 151 Ser
Pro Pro Cys Arg Arg Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 152 <211> LENGTH: 7
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic
<400> SEQUENCE: 152 Ser Pro Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 153
<211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Synthetic <400> SEQUENCE: 153 Ser His Ser Arg
His Asn Ala 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210>
SEQ ID NO 154 <211> LENGTH: 7 <212> TYPE: PRT
<213> ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE:
<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic <400> SEQUENCE: 154
Ser Ala Leu Arg Arg Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 155 <211> LENGTH: 7
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic
<400> SEQUENCE: 155 Ser Pro Ile Pro Pro Gly Pro 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 156
<211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Synthetic <400> SEQUENCE: 156 Ser Ala Leu Arg
Arg Pro 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 157 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic <400> SEQUENCE: 157 Ser Pro Ile
Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Arg Arg 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 158 <211> LENGTH: 6
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic
<400> SEQUENCE: 158 Pro Arg Pro Val Ser Gln 1 5 <200>
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 159 <211>
LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial
Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION:
Synthetic <400> SEQUENCE: 159 Arg Pro Val Ser Gln Asp 1 5
<200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 160
<211> LENGTH: 6 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM:
Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER
INFORMATION: Synthetic <400> SEQUENCE: 160 Pro Val Ser Gln
Asp Leu 1 5 <200> SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ
ID NO 161 <211> LENGTH: 11 <212> TYPE: PRT <213>
ORGANISM: Artificial sequence <220> FEATURE: <223>
OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic <400> SEQUENCE: 161 Ser Pro Ile
Arg Pro Arg Pro Val Ser Gln Asp 1 5 10 <200> SEQUENCE
CHARACTERISTICS: <210> SEQ ID NO 162 <211> LENGTH: 7
<212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
<220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic
<400> SEQUENCE: 162 Arg Pro Val Ser Gln Asp Leu 1 5
* * * * *