U.S. patent number 6,475,271 [Application Number 09/749,696] was granted by the patent office on 2002-11-05 for ink jet ink compositions and printing processes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Xerox Corporation. Invention is credited to John Wei-Ping Lin.
United States Patent |
6,475,271 |
Lin |
November 5, 2002 |
Ink jet ink compositions and printing processes
Abstract
A multicolor ink jet printing process employs an ink jet ink
composition comprising water, a colorant of pigment, dye, or
mixtures thereof, and a low boiling point additive to produce high
quality multicolor ink jet images with minimal intercolor bleed and
lines with sharp edges as characterized by a relatively low mid
frequency line edge noise (MFLEN) number. The additive is an
alcohol or thiol having a boiling point less than or equal to about
115.degree. C. The aforementioned ink jet ink composition can
further include an optional additive of alcohol or thiol with a
boiling point less than or equal to about 135.degree. C. if
necessary. The desired additive increases the ink's drying rate
with fast evaporation and an accelerated penetration into a print
substrate (e.g. paper) upon printing. As a result, little or
minimum residual ink (e.g. carbon black ink) comprising the
aforementioned additive is available on the surface of the print
substrate to intermix with a previously or subsequently printed ink
(e.g. a color ink). As a result, the ink composition and multicolor
ink jet printing process of the present invention can produce high
quality images with minimal intercolor bleed and low MFLEN.
Inventors: |
Lin; John Wei-Ping (Webster,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Xerox Corporation (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
25014787 |
Appl.
No.: |
09/749,696 |
Filed: |
December 28, 2000 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
106/31.27;
106/31.58; 106/31.6; 106/31.86 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09D
11/30 (20130101); C09D 11/38 (20130101); C09D
11/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C09D
11/00 (20060101); C09D 011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;106/31.27,31.6,31.58,31.86 ;347/100 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 704 504 |
|
Apr 1996 |
|
EP |
|
0 714 960 |
|
Jun 1996 |
|
EP |
|
0 719 846 |
|
Jul 1996 |
|
EP |
|
0 909 798 |
|
Apr 1999 |
|
EP |
|
0 911 374 |
|
Apr 1999 |
|
EP |
|
0 985 714 |
|
Mar 2000 |
|
EP |
|
1 035 177 |
|
Sep 2000 |
|
EP |
|
Primary Examiner: Klemanski; Helene
Assistant Examiner: Faison; Veronica F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Oliff & Berridge, PLC
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An ink jet printing process comprises printing a first ink and
at least a second ink and a different colorant from the first ink
onto a print substrate according to digital data signals in any
desired printing order, wherein an ink jet composition of the first
ink and second ink comprises water, a colorant, a first low boiling
point penetrant additive having a boiling point less than or equal
to about 115.degree. C., and a second low boiling point penetrant
having a boiling point of less than or equal to about 135.degree.
C.
2. An ink jet printing process of claim 1, wherein the colorant is
carbon black either with or without chemical modification.
3. An ink jet printing process of claim 1, wherein the colorant is
a dye or a mixture of dye and pigment.
4. An ink jet printing process of claim 1, wherein the low boiling
point penetrant additive is an alcohol or a thiol.
5. An ink jet printing process of claim 1, wherein the first low
boiling point penetrant additive is selected from the group
consisting of 2-methyl-2-propanol, 1-methyl-1-propanol, 2-butanol,
2-methyl-1-propanol, isopropanol, 2-propyn-1-ol, ethanol, methanol,
2-buten-1-ol, 3-buten-2-ol, 3-butyn-2-ol, 1-butanethiol,
t-butylthiol, 1-methyl-1-propanethiol, 2-methyl-1-propanethiol,
2-methyl-2-propanethiol, cyclopropanol, thiocyclopropanol, and
mixtures thereof.
6. An inkjet printing process of claim 1, further comprising at
least one member selected from the group consisting of a humectant,
a surfactant, a pigment dispersing agent, a pH buffer, a biocide,
an anti-curl agent, an anti-bleed agent, a jetting aid, a drying
accelerating agent, a polymeric binder, an anti-clogging agent, and
a latency enhancer.
7. An ink jet printing process of claim 1, wherein said low boiling
point penetrant additive is present in an amount ranging from about
0.1% to about 8% by weight of the total weight of the ink
composition.
8. The ink jet printing process according to claim 1, wherein the
first ink is printed onto a print substrate first before the second
ink is printed adjacent to the first ink and allows the second ink
to dry quickly by evaporation and fast penetration into a surface
of the print substrate with low intercolor bleed.
9. The ink jet printing process according to claim 1, wherein the
second ink is printed first onto a print substrate before the first
ink is printed adjacent to the second ink onto the print
substrate.
10. The ink jet printing process according to claim 1, wherein the
second ink is a carbon black ink comprising carbon black particles
which are selected from a group consisting of chemically modified
carbon black particles and/or carbon black particles stabilized by
a pigment dispersing agent.
11. The ink jet printing process of claim 1, wherein the first ink
is a dye-based color ink.
12. A multicolor ink jet printing process comprising: 1)
incorporating into an ink jet printer a first ink; 2) incorporating
into the ink jet printer at least one second ink comprising a first
alcohol or thiol additive having a boiling point less than or equal
to about 115.degree. C. and a second alcohol or thiol additive
having a boiling point .ltoreq.135.degree. C.; 3) causing droplets
of said first ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a
surface of a print substrate; and 4) causing droplets of said at
least one second ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto the
surface of the print substrate so that a multicolor ink image is
formed on the print substrate that exhibits at least one of sharp
line edges and minimal intercolor bleed.
13. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein the ink jet printer employs any desired printing order for
printing the first and second inks.
14. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein said first ink is ejected onto the surface of the print
substrate prior to ejecting said at least one second ink onto the
surface of the print substrate.
15. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein the print substrate can be optionally heated at any stage
of ink jet printing process including at least one of before,
during and after printing.
16. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
further comprising jetting at least one of the inks through a
printhead capable of printing at least 300 spots per inch.
17. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein the printer employs a printing process selected from the
group consisting of continuous stream ink jet printing and
drop-on-demand ink jet printing which is selected from the group
consisting of thermal ink jet printing, acoustic ink jet printing,
and piezoelectric ink jet printing.
18. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein at least some of said first ink is printed a) on top, b)
below, or c) adjacent to said at least one second ink.
19. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein the ink jet printer uses a printhead that is a partial
width printhead, a partitioned printhead, or a full width array
printhead.
20. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein said first ink is selected from the group consisting of a
yellow ink, a cyan ink and a magenta ink.
21. The multicolor ink jet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein said alcohol or thiol additive is selected from the group
consisting of 2-methyl-2-propanol; 1-methyl-1-propanol; 2-butanol;
2-methyl-1-propanol; isopropanol; 2-propyn-1-ol; 1-chloro,
1-propanol; ethanol; methanol; 2-buten-1-ol, 3-buten-2-ol;
3-buty2-2-ol; 1-butanethiol; t-butylthiol; 1-methyl-1-propanethiol;
2-methyl-1-propanethiol; 2-methyl-2-propanethiol; cyclopropanol;
thiocyclopropanol; and mixtures thereof.
22. The multicolor inkjet printing process according to claim 12,
wherein the alcohols or thiols with a boiling point
.ltoreq.135.degree. C. are selected from the group consisting of
3-methyl-1-butanol; 2,3-dimethyl, 1-butanol; 3,3-dimethyl,
1-butanol; 1-butanol; 2-methyl-1-butanol (d and l);
2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butanol; 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol; 2-pentanol;
2,4-dimethyl, 2-pentanol; 2-methyl, 2-pentanol; 3-methyl,
2-pentanol; 4-methyl, 3-pentanol; 2-methyl, 3-pentanol; 3-methyl,
1-propanol; 2-chloro, 1-propanol; 1-chloro, 1-propanol; 1-chloro,
2-methyl; 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol (neopentyl alcohol);
3-fluoro-1-propanol; 1-methoxy-2-propanol; 1-ethoxy-2-propanol;
1-butanethiol, 2-methyl; 1-butanethiol, 3-methyl; and mixtures
thereof.
23. An ink jet ink printing process of claim 1, wherein the
colorant is a pigment other than carbon black.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention is directed to an aqueous ink composition.
More specifically, the present invention is directed to aqueous ink
compositions comprising a low boiling point alcohol or thiol as a
substrate penetrant additive for use in ink jet printing processes.
In addition, the present invention is also directed to an ink jet
printing process wherein an aqueous ink composition comprising a
low boiling point alcohol or thiol is used in the production of
single or multicolor images.
2. Description of Related Art
Ink jet printing is a non-impact printing method that produces
droplets that are deposited on a print substrate (recording medium)
such as plain paper, coated paper, transparent film (transparency),
or textile in response to electronic digital signals. Thermal or
bubble jet drop-on-demand ink jet printers have found broad
applications as output for personal computers in the office and at
home.
In existing thermal ink jet printing processes, the printhead
typically comprises one or more ink jet ejectors, each ejector
includes a channel communicating with an ink supply chamber, or
manifold, at one end and having an opening at an opposite end,
referred to as a nozzle. A thermal energy generator, usually a
resistor, is located in each of the channels at a predetermined
distance from the nozzles. The resistors are individually addressed
with a current pulse to momentarily vaporize the ink within each
respective channel to form a bubble that expels an ink droplet. As
the bubble grows, the ink rapidly bulges from the nozzle and is
momentarily contained by the surface tension of the ink as a
meniscus. This is a very temporary phenomenon, and the ink is
quickly propelled toward a print sheet. As the bubble begins to
collapse, the ink remaining in the channel between the nozzle and
the bubble starts to move toward the collapsing bubble, causing
volumetric contraction of the ink at the nozzle resulting in the
separation of the bulging ink from the nozzle as a droplet. The
acceleration of the ink out of the nozzle while the bubble is
growing provides sufficient momentum and velocity to propel the ink
droplet in a substantially straight-line direction towards a print
substrate, such as a piece of paper. Subsequently, the ink channel
refills by capillary action and is ready for the next repeating
thermal ink jet process. Thermal ink jet processes are well known
and described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,251,824, 4,410,889,
4,412,224, 4,463,359, 4,532,530, 4,601,777, 5,139,574, 5,145,518,
and 5,281,261, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated
herein by reference. Because the droplet of ink is emitted only
when the resistor is actuated, this type of thermal ink jet
printing is known as "drop-on-demand" printing. Other types of
drop-on-demand printing such as piezoelectric ink jet printing and
acoustic ink jet printing are also known.
Continuous ink jet printing is also known. In continuous ink jet
printing systems, ink is emitted in a continuous stream under
pressure through at least one orifice or nozzle. Multiple orifices
or nozzles can be used to increase imaging speed and throughput.
The ink is perturbed while being ejected from an orifice, causing
the ink to break up into droplets at a fixed distance from the
orifice. At the point of break-up, the electrically charged ink
droplets pass through an applied electrode that switches on and off
in accordance with digital data signals. Charged ink droplets pass
through a controllable electric field that adjusts the trajectory
of each ink droplet in order to direct it to either a gutter for
ink deletion and recirculation or to a specific location on a
recording substrate (print substrate) to create images.
In an ink jet printing apparatus, the printhead typically comprises
a linear array of ejectors, and the printhead moves relative to the
surface of the print substrate, either by moving the print
substrate relative to a stationary printhead, or vice-versa, or
both. In some types of apparatuses, at least a relatively small
print head supplied with an ink moves across a print sheet numerous
times in swaths in order to complete an image. For multi-color ink
jet printing, a set of printheads and ink (e.g. cyan, magenta,
yellow and black) can move across the print substrate numerous
times in swathes and disperse selected inks in any desired patterns
(e.g., 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, fulltone (1/1)) according to digital signals.
The speed of this type of single or multiple color ink jet printing
on a substrate is determined by the moving speed of the printheads
across the print substrate, ink jetting frequency (or frequency
response), and the desired number of swathes needed for printing.
The printing speed of this type of ink jet apparatus can be
increased if two or more print heads are budded together to form a
partial-width array printhead for printing each ink in a monochrome
or multi-color ink jet printing system. The partial-width ink jet
printhead has more ink jet nozzles per printhead, and can deliver a
large number of ink droplets across the substrate in a swath in a
short period of time. Monochrome or multi-color ink jet printing
apparatuses using one or several partial-width printheads may have
a faster printing speed than current commercial ink jet
printers.
Alternatively, a printhead that consists of an array of ejectors
(e.g., several butted printheads to give a full-width array
printhead) and extends the full width of the print substrate may
pass an ink down once onto the print substrate to give full line
images, in what is known as a "full-width array printer." When the
printhead and the print substrate are moved relative to each other,
image-wise digital data is used to selectively activate the thermal
energy generators in the ink jet printhead over time so that the
desired image will be created on the print substrate at a fast
speed. For multi-color inkjet printing, several full-width array
printheads and inks (e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) can be
used to deliver multiple color inks onto a print substrate. This
type of multi-color ink jet printing process is capable of printing
multiple color images and monochrome color images on a print
substrate at a much faster speed (e.g., more than five pages of
full color images per minute) than current commercial color ink jet
printers.
In multicolor ink jet printing processes, several inks can be
printed on a print substrate. In some instances, two different inks
can be printed next to each other. Intercolor bleed can occur if
the inks are not dried properly or if the printing process is too
fast for the inks to set. Undesired ink mixing on a print
substrate, especially on the surface of a plain paper, can cause
distorted images near the border of two inks. After the inks dry,
the border of the two inks can appear irregular with poor edge
sharpness (or raggedness) due to the invasion of one ink into the
other. Such bleed images are visibly unattractive. This phenomenon
is generally called intercolor bleed. Intercolor bleed occurs
particularly when a darker colored ink (such as a black ink) and a
lighter colored ink (such as a yellow ink, a cyan ink, a magenta
ink, or the like) are printed next to each other, because of the
high contrast between the two colors. Intercolor bleed can also
occur when two color inks are printed next to each other (for
example yellow ink next to magenta ink, yellow ink next to cyan
ink, magenta ink next to cyan ink or the like). The severity of the
intercolor bleed generally is affected by the type and composition
of the ink, absorption rate of the ink on a print substrate,
printhead design, ink drop mass, ink dot size and method and speed
of printing. As a result, there is a need to reduce intercolor
bleed and to produce high quality multicolor ink jet images on
print substrates, including plain and coated papers,
transparencies, textiles and other desired substrates.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,005, the disclosure of which is totally
incorporated herein by reference, discloses inks comprising, by
weight, from about 4% to about 10% foramide, from about 1% to about
10% dye, and the balance water, that when printed on paper from an
ink jet printer exhibit improved resistance to bleed, especially
when printed at a rate up to about 3.7 kHz.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,116,409, the disclosure of which is totally
incorporated herein by reference, discloses the alleviation of
color bleed (the invasions of one color into another on the surface
of a print medium) using ink jet inks by employing zwitterionic
surfactants (pH-sensitive or pH-insensitive) or ionic or nonionic
amphiphiles. The inks comprise a vehicle and a dye. The vehicle
typically comprises a low viscosity, high boiling point solvent,
one or two amphiphiles at concentrations above their critical
micelle concentration (cmc), while the dye typically comprises any
of the dyes commonly employed in ink jet printing. The amount of
surfactant/amphiphile is described in terms of its critical micelle
concentration (cmc), which is a unique value for each amphiphile.
Above the cmc, micelles form, that attract the dye molecule and
thus control the color bleed. Below the cmc, there is no micelle
formation, and thus no control of the color bleed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,415, the disclosure of which is totally
incorporated herein by reference, discloses the alleviation of
color bleed using ink jets by employing zwitterionic surfactants
(pH-sensitive or pH-insensitive) or ionic or nonionic amphiphiles.
The inks of the invention comprise a vehicle and a cationic dye.
The vehicle typically comprises a low viscosity, high boiling point
solvent, one or two amphiphiles at concentrations above their
critical micelle concentration (cmc), while the dye typically
comprises any of the dyes commonly employed in ink jet printing.
The amount of surfactant/amphiphile is described in terms of
critical micelle concentration (cmc), which is a unique value for
each amphiphile. Above the cmc, micelles form, which attract the
dry molecule and thus control the color bleed. Below the cmc, there
is no micelle formation, and thus no control of the color
bleed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,133,803, the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety, discloses the control of color
bleed using ink jet inks employing high molecular weight colloids,
such as alignates, in conjunction with amphoteric surfactants
and/or nonionic amphiphiles. The inks disclosed comprise a vehicle
and a dye. The vehicle typically comprises a low viscosity, high
boiling point solvent and one or two surfactants at concentrations
above their critical micelle concentration (cmc), while the dye
typically comprises any of the dyes commonly employed in ink jet
printing. The amount of surfactant is described in terms of
critical micelle concentration (cmc), which is a unique value for
each surfactant system. Above the cmc, colloidal species form,
which attract the dye molecules and thus control color bleed. Below
the cmc, there is no colloid formation, and thus poor control of
color bleed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,045, the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety, discloses certain dyes that
become insoluble under specific and well-defined pH conditions. By
forcing a dye to become insoluble on the page, migration of the dye
is inhibited, thereby helping to reduce bleed between inks of
different colors. The dye is forced out of solution from the ink by
contact with another ink having the appropriate pH (either higher
or lower than the first ink).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,668, the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety, discloses certain colorants
that become insoluble under specific and well defined pH
conditions. By forcing a colorant to become insoluble on the page,
migration of the colorant is inhibited, thereby helping to reduce
color bleed between inks of different colors. The colorant is
forced out of solution from the ink by contact with another ink
having the appropriate pH (either higher or lower than the first
ink). In particular, an ink containing a colorant comprising a
pigment in combination with a pH sensitive dispersant is used in
conjunction with an ink of the appropriate pH.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,342,440, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses water insoluble black
dyes that are formulated in a microemulsion black ink. When printed
adjacent to color inks (yellow, magenta, cyan) containing
water-soluble dyes, bleed does not occur between the black and
color dyes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,540, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses a method for
controlling color bleed between adjacent multicolor ink regions on
a print medium. A first composition containing a gel species and a
color agent is brought into contact on a region of the print medium
with a second composition having a color agent and a gel initiating
species or chemical conditions which bring about gelation. In
alternative embodiments, the print medium can be pretreated with
either a gel forming species or a gel initiating species (with
colorant), respectively. The formation of the gel upon the print
medium impedes the movement of the color agent or agents and thus
reduces the color bleed between adjacent zones in a multicolored
printed image on a print medium.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,817, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses the control of color
bleed using ink jet inks by employing either high molecular weight
polymers that exhibit a reversible gelling nature with heat or
certain amine oxide surfactants that undergo sol-gel transitions.
The inks further include a vehicle and a dye. The vehicle typically
comprises a low viscosity, high boiling point solvent and water.
Certain high molecular weight polymers, under the correct solution
conditions, can form gels which can be subsequently melted by
heating of the gel. When the melted gel is cooled, it reforms into
a gel. The viscosity of an ink employing a gel can then decrease to
a viscosity low enough to permit jetting from the print cartridge.
After leaving the print cartridge, the melted gel again reforms
into a highly viscous gel to immobilize the droplet of ink and
prevent migration on the media. Therefore, two drops of different
colors, when printed next to each other are inhibited from
migrating or bleeding into one another.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,022, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses ink jet ink
compositions that exhibit fast dry times and bleed free prints when
printed onto a print medium so that the throughput of an ink jet
printer can be increased. The ink compositions comprise (a) at
least one dye; (b) at least one high boiling, water insoluble
organic compound; (c) at least one amphiphile; and (d) water. The
dye can be either water-soluble or water insoluble and the high
boiling point organic compound has a vapor pressure low enough so
that only water evaporates from the ink during normal printing
operations. The amphiphile is present in amount sufficient to
solubilize the water-insoluble organic compound in the water.
Preferably, the amphiphile belongs to a class of compounds known as
the hydrotropes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,023, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses an ink set in which
bleed between yellow and black inks is reduced by using a cationic
yellow dye in the yellow ink and an anionic dye in the black ink.
Bleed is further reduced by adding a multivalent precipitating
agent to the yellow ink. With regard to bleed between yellow and
other color inks (cyan and magenta), bleed is reduced by also
employing anionic dyes in the other color inks.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,428,383 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,402, the entire
disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference, disclose
a method for controlling color bleed in multicolor thermal ink jet
printing systems. To control color bleed between any two ink
compositions in a multi-ink system, at least one of the ink
compositions will contain a precipitating agent (such as a
multivalent metal salt). The precipitating agent is designed to
react with the coloring agent in the other ink composition of
concern. As a result, when the two ink compositions come in
contact, a precipitate forms from the coloring agent in the other
ink composition that prevents migration thereof and color bleed
problems. This technique is applicable to printing systems
containing two or more ink compositions, and enables distinct
multicolor images to be produced without the problems normally
caused by color bleed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,534, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses an ink set for
alleviating bleed in multicolor printed elements employing a first
ink and a second ink, each containing an aqueous carrier medium and
a colorant; the colorant of the first ink being a pigment
dispersion and the second ink containing a salt of an organic acid
or mineral acid having a solubility of at least 10 parts in 100
parts of water at 25.degree. C.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,107, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses a waterfast ink
composition and a method of making the same. A selected chemical
dye having at least one functional group with an extractable
hydrogen atom thereon (such as --COOH, --NH.sub.2, or --OH) is
combined with an ammonium zirconium polymer salt (such as ammonium
zirconium carbonate, ammonium zirconium acetate, ammonium zirconium
sulfate, ammonium zirconium phosphate, and ammonium zirconium
oxalate). The resulting mixture preferably contains about 0.01-5.0%
by weight ammonium zirconium polymer salt and about 0.5-5.0% by
weight chemical dye. Upon dehydration of the mixture, the ammonium
zirconium polymer salt and chemical dye form a cross-linked dye
complex that is stable and waterfast. The mixture can be dispensed
into a variety of substrates (e.g. paper) using thermal ink jet or
other printing systems.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,267,088, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses coatings particularly
useful as marking inks in which an epichlorohydride-modified
polyethyleneimine and ethylene oxide-modified polyethyleneimine
cooperate in aqueous solution to form a composition capable of
application to form deposits adherent to most materials and
resistant to most organic solvents but readily removed by
water.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,197,135, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses an ink for use in ink
jet printers containing a water soluble dye and a polyamine
containing 7 or more nitrogen atoms per molecule, with the ink
composition having a pH of 8 or above, the pH limit being dye
composition dependent. The ink has improved waterfastness over an
equivalent ink formulation without the polyamine additive.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,382, the entire disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses an ink jet composition
comprising a major amount of water, a hydroxyethylated
polyethyleneimine polymer, and a dye component, wherein the polymer
has incorporated therein from about 65 to about 80 percent by
weight of the hydroxyethyl groups.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,693,129, the disclosure of which is totally
incorporated herein by reference, discloses an ink jet ink
composition that comprises water; a colorant selected from the
group consisting of a dye, a pigment, and a mixture of a dye and a
pigment; and a material selected from the group consisting of (1) a
hydroxyamide derivative having at least one hydroxyl group and at
least one amide group; (2) a mercaptoamide derivative having at
least one mercaptol group and at least one amide group; (3) a
hydroxythioamide derivative having at least one hydroxyl group and
at least one thioamide group; (4) a mercaptothioamide derivative
having at least one mercaptol group and at least one thioamide
group; (5) an oxyalkylene (alkyleneoxide) reaction product of the
above derivatives; (6) a thioalkylene (alkylenesulfide) reaction
product of the above said derivatives; and (7) mixtures thereof.
The inks comprising the ink jet composition exhibit good latency
especially in a high resolution thermal ink jet printhead (e.g. 600
spi) and can be printed onto a print substrate either with or
without heat for the drying to give excellent images with reduced
curl and cockle.
Although the above compositions and processes are suitable for
their intended purposes, there remains a need for improved
multicolor thermal ink jet printing processes. In addition, a need
remains for multicolor thermal ink jet printing processes wherein
high quality images on a print substrate (e.g. plain papers, etc.)
can be obtained. Furthermore, there is a need for improving
multicolor thermal ink jet printing processes wherein the printed
images exhibit reduced intercolor bleed (high quality color images)
when an ink comprising a low boiling alcohol or thiol is printed
adjacent to another ink on a print substrate. Further, a need
remains for multicolor thermal ink jet printing processes wherein
the prints generated by an ink exhibit excellent image quality. In
particular, there is an urgent need for an ink (especially a carbon
black ink) that provides good MFLEN (Mid Frequency Line Edge Noise
using a Fourier Transform method) and intercolor bleed performance.
In addition, there is a need to decrease drying time of a pigment
ink (such as a carbon black ink) without causing image
degradation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an ink jet ink composition
that comprises water, a colorant of dye, pigment, or a mixture of
dye and pigment, and an ink additive with a low boiling point
alcohol and/or thiol, as well as printing processes using such a
composition. In particular, the present invention is directed to an
ink jet ink composition comprising a colorant of pigment
(particularly a pigment (e.g. carbon black)), dye, or mixture
thereof, and a low boiling point penetrant additive. The low
boiling point penetrant additive allows the ink to dry fast on a
substrate (print substrate) to produce high quality images and
sharp edges by enabling the ink to rapidly penetrate into the print
substrate upon printing. Because the ink additive evaporates
quickly upon printing, the ink in some cases may assume a higher
surface tension and may prevent undesired feathering. In addition,
the present invention also directed to the improvement of a
multicolor ink jet printing process that can minimize intercolor
bleed between two neighboring inks on a print substrate and
maintain excellent print quality of text images including lines and
graphics. The multicolor ink jet printing process of the present
invention may comprise at least a pigment ink containing an ink
additive of low boiling alcohol or thiol.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
According to the present invention, at least one ink in an ink jet
printing process comprises a low boiling point alcohol or thiol (an
ink additive) to accelerate the penetration of the ink into a print
substrate with a faster drying rate (short dry time). The
aforementioned ink (or ink composition) comprising the low boiling
point alcohol or thiol is preferably a pigment ink, such as a
carbon black ink, although it can also be a dye-based ink. In
another embodiment of this invention the ink jet printing process
comprises printing at least one ink having a low boiling point
additive of an alcohol or thiol in its composition that reduces
intercolor bleed when the ink is printed adjacent to another ink
(e.g. a fast dry dye-based color ink).
The penetrant or low boiling point additive of the ink jet ink
composition of the present invention is provided in order to
minimize the amount of residual ink on the surface of the print
substrate that is available to participate in undesirable
intercolor bleed between two neighboring inks (e.g. a black ink and
a yellow ink, a black ink and a cyan ink, black ink and a magenta
ink, etc.). The penetrant (low boiling point additive of alcohol or
thiol) of the present invention minimizes the amount of and/or time
a residual ink remains on the surface of the print substrate by
allowing the ink to rapidly penetrate into the print substrate
immediately after being printed onto the substrate surface. The low
boiling point additive of alcohol or thiol also can quickly
evaporate. As a result, the residual ink remaining on the surface
of the substrate is substantially reduced, thereby reducing the
likelihood of intermixing between residual ink and other color inks
printed in bordering areas. In addition, the low boiling point ink
additive can evaporate quickly and allows the printed ink to
produce excellent line edge acuity and sharpness (Low Mid Frequency
Line Edge Noise (MFLEN)) without causing significant image
deterioration (e.g. due to feathering, etc.). In addition, the
appropriate use of low boiling point alcohols or thiols as ink
additives can maintain good stability of a pigment ink including a
carbon black ink comprising either chemically modified carbon black
particles or carbon black particles that are stabilized by a
pigment dispersant.
According to the present invention, the low boiling point penetrant
additive can be included in one or more inks of an ink set in a
multicolor ink jet printing process. In addition, the low boiling
point penetrant additive can be incorporated into an ink jet ink
that is used in a mono-color printing apparatus (e.g. black ink jet
printing apparatus). Thus, for example, the present invention
applies equally to a printing apparatus that prints multi-color
images, as well as to a printing apparatus that prints only a
single-color image (e.g. black). However, it will be appreciated
that the benefits provided by the present invention are
particularly applicable to a multi-color printing process, wherein
good black text on plain papers is required and the intercolor
bleed reduction is a great concern for the production of multicolor
images.
Also according to the present invention, the low boiling point
penetrant additive can be included in any one or more of the
various colored inks in an ink set. Thus, for example, the low
boiling point penetrant additive can be included in one or more of
the colored inks, such as the black, magenta, yellow, or cyan inks.
However, particular benefits are provided by the present invention
when the low boiling point penetrant additive is included in the
black inks, particularly in carbon black-based inks, since these
inks typically are formulated to achieve good print quality but
have a longer drying time as compared to inks of other colors.
Generally, various low boiling point penetrant additives can be
used. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least
one of a set of multi-color ink jet inks comprises an alcohol or
thiol additive having a boiling point less than or equal to about
115.degree. C. (at atmospheric pressure, 760 mm Hg). Moreover, in
an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention,
proposed alcohols and thiols can be used together (jointly) with a
second alcohol or thiol having a boiling point that is less than or
equal to about 135.degree. C. (at atmospheric pressure, 760 mm Hg;
e.g. B.P. of the ink additive is between 115.degree. C. to
135.degree. C.).
Suitable additives of low boiling point alcohols or thiols with a
boiling point less than or equal to about 115.degree. C. include,
but are not limited to, t-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol);
1-methyl-1-propanol; 2-butanol; 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutyl
alcohol); isopropanol; 2-propyn-1-ol (Propargyl alcohol); 1-chloro,
1-propanol; ethanol; methanol; 2-buten-1-ol, 3-buten-2-ol;
3-butyn-2-ol; 1-butanethiol; t-butylthiol; 1-methyl-1-propanethiol;
2-methyl-1-propanethiol; 2-methyl-2-propanethiol; cyclopropanol;
thiocyclopropanol; and the like; and mixtures thereof.
In addition the alcohols or thiols with a boiling point
.ltoreq.135.degree. C. can also be used jointly in ink jet inks
with the aforementioned materials (those with a boiling point less
than or equal to about 115.degree. C.) as mixed additives and they
include, but are not limited to, 1-butanol; 3-methyl-1-butanol;
2,3-dimethyl, 1-butanol; 3,3-dimethyl, 1-butanol;
2-methyl-1-butanol (d and 1); 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butanol;
2-pentanol, 3-pentanol; 2-pentanol; 2,4-dimethyl, 2-pentanol;
2-methyl, 2-pentanol; 3-methyl, 2-pentanol; 4-methyl, 3-pentanol;
2-methyl, 3-pentanol; 3-methyl, 1-propanol; 2-chloro, 1-propanol;
1-chloro, 1-propanol; 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propanol;
2-chloro-2-methyl-1-propanol 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol
(tert-butylcarbinol, neopentyl alcohol); 3-fluoro-1-propanol;
1-methoxy-2-propanol; 1-ethoxy-2-propanol; 1-butanethiol, 2-methyl;
1-butanethiol, 3-methyl; and mixtures thereof These alcohols and
thiols have a boiling point in the range of 115-135.degree. C. at
atmospheric pressure.
In embodiments of the present invention, the low boiling point
alcohol or thiol is present in an effective amount to provide the
desired effect of increased penetration into the print substrate,
without significantly sacrificing print quality, printing
characteristics, or stability of the ink composition. Thus, for
example, the low boiling point alcohol or thiol can be present in
any desired amount of from about 0.01 percent to about 8 percent by
weight of the ink composition. Preferably, the low boiling point
alcohol or thiol is present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent
to about 6 percent, more preferably from about 0.2 percent to about
5 percent, by weight of the ink composition. However, amounts
outside of these ranges can also be used, as desired.
Any ratio of the alcohol or thiol with a B.P .ltoreq.115.degree. C.
to the alcohol or thiol with a B.P. .ltoreq.135.degree. C. can be
used in this invention as along as the objective(s) of the present
invention can be achieved. The higher boiling point alcohols and
thiols have lower vapor pressure and are less prone to catch fire.
However, they evaporate at a relatively slower rate. An optimum
ratio should be used to accommodate all the needs and
requirements.
In addition to the above additives, the ink composition of the
present invention can also include one or more of the following: a
humectant, a surfactant, a pigment dispersing agent, a pH buffer, a
biocide, an anti-curl agent, an anti-bleed agent, a drying
accelerating agent, a polymeric binder, an anti-clogging agent, and
a latency enhancer etc.
Various humectants can be used in the ink composition of the
present invention. Suitable humectants and co-solvents include, but
are not limited to, glycol derivatives, including ethylene glycol,
diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol,
polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol,
poly(ethylene-co-propylene) glycol, and the like, as well as their
reaction products with alkylene oxides, including ethylene oxides,
including ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; triol derivatives
containing from about 3 to about 40 carbon atoms, including
glycerine, trimethylpropane, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol,
and the like as well as their reaction products with alkylene
oxides, including ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and mixtures
thereof; diols containing from about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms,
such as 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol,
1,4-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 2,6-hexanediol,
neopentylglycol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentylglycol,
(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propaediol), and the like, as well as their
reaction products with alkylene oxides, including ethylene oxide
and propylene oxide in any desirable molar ratio to form materials
with a wide range of molecular weights; sulfoxide derivatives
containing from about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, including
dialkylsulfides (symmetric and asymmetric sulfoxides) such as
dimethylsulfoxide, methylethylsulfoxide, alkylphenyl sulfoxides,
and the like; sulfone derivatives (symmetric and asymmetric
sulfones) containing from about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, such as
dimethylsulfone, methylethylsulfone, sulfolane
(tetramethylenesulfone, a cyclic sulfone), dialkyl sulfones, alkyl
phenyl sulfones, dimethylsulfone, methylethylsulfone,
diethylsulfone, ethylpropylsulfone, methylphenylsulfone,
methylsulfolane, dimethylsulfolane, and the like; amides with from
about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, such as N-alkylamides,
N,N-dialkyl amides, N,N-alkyl phenyl amides, 2-pyrrolidone (a
cyclic amide), n-methylpyrrolidone (a cyclic amide),
N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluamide (aromatic),
N,N-dimethyl-o-toluamide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, and the like;
ethers, such as alkyl ether derivatives of various alcohols, ether
derivatives of triols and diols, including butylcarbitol,
hexylcarbitol, triolethers, alkyl ethers of polyethyleneglycols,
alkyl ethers of polypropyleneglycols, alkyl ethers of
phenylpolyethyleneglycols, and the like; urea and urea derivatives;
inner salts such as betaine, and the like; thio (sulfur)
derivatives of the aforementioned materials (humectants), including
thioethyleneglycol, thiodiethyleneglycol, trithio- or
dithio-diethyleneglycol, and the like; hydroxyamide derivatives,
including acetylethanolamine, acetylpropanolamine,
propylcarboxyethanolamine, propylcarboxy-propanolamine, and the
like; reaction products of the aforementioned materials
(humectants) with alkylene oxides; and mixtures thereof.
Further examples of suitable humectants and other additives are
disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,281,261, 5,531,818,
5,693,129, 4,840,674, 5,365,464, copending application U.S. Ser.
No. 08/782,237, and copending application U.S. Ser. No. 08/876,410,
the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in
their entireties.
Various nonionic stabilizing agents or surfactants can also be used
in conjunction with the ink composition of the present invention.
Suitable nonionic stabilizing agents or surfactants include, but
are not limited to, ethoxylated monoalkyl or dialkyl phenols,
including Igepal.RTM. CA and Co series materials (Rhone-Poulenc
Co., such as Igepal.RTM. CA-630, CO-630, and the like);
Surfynol.RTM. series materials from Air Products and Chemicals Co.;
and Triton.RTM. series materials (from Union Carbide Company).
These anionic surfactants or dispersants can be used alone or in
combination with anionic or cationic dispersants.
Various anionic, cationic and nonionic pigment dispersing agents
can also be used in conjunction with the ink composition of the
present invention. Suitable pigment dispersing agents include, but
are not limited to, anionic dispersants such as polymers and
copolymers of styrene sulfonate salts (such as Na+, Li+, K+, Cs+,
Rb+, substituted and unsubstituted ammonium cations, and the like),
unsubstituted and substituted (e.g. alkyl, alkoxy, substituted
naphthalene derivatives, and the like), naphthalene sulfonate salts
(such as Na+, Li+, K+, Cs+, Rb+, substituted and unsubstituted
ammonium cations, and the like) and an aldehyde derivative (such as
unsubstituted alkyl aldehyde derivatives including formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, and the like), maleic acid salts,
mixtures thereof, and the like. They can either be in solid form or
water solutions. Examples of such dispersants include, but are not
limited to, commercial products such as Versa.RTM. 4, Versa.RTM. 7,
Versa.RTM. 77 (National Starch and Chemical Co.); Lomar.RTM. D
(Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Co.); Daxad.RTM.19, Daxad.RTM. K (W. R.
Grace Co.); Tamol.RTM. SN (Rohn & Haas); and the like. Some
preferred dispersants comprise naphthalene sulfonate salts,
especially a condensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid or
its salts (such as Na+, Li+, K+, Cs+, Rb+, substituted and
unsubstituted cations, and the like) and formaldehyde as well as
copolymers of various acrylic acids salts, or methacrylic acid
salts. Also, nonionic dispersants or surfactants can be used in ink
jet inks of the present invention, such as ethoxylated monoalkyl or
dialkyl phenols including Igepal.RTM. CA and CO series materials
(Rhone-Poulenc Co.) Briji.RTM. Series materials (ICI Americas,
Inc.), and Triton.RTM. series materials (Union carbide Company).
These nonionic surfactants or dispersants can be used alone or in
combination with the aforementioned anionic and cationic
dispersants.
The ratio of pigment to aforementioned pigment dispersants
according to the present invention ranges from about 1/0.1 to about
1/3, preferably from about 1/0.1 to about 1/2, and most preferably
from about 1/0.15 to about 1/1.8, although it can be outside of
this range. The ratio of naphthalene substituent to aldehyde (e.g.
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde) in the aforementioned anionic
dispersant condensation product is generally about 1:1, although
this ratio can be different depending on the stoichiometry of the
feed stock and reaction condition, and can be readily adjusted to
obtain a dispersant having a desired molecular weight and the
desired ratio of naphthalene substituent to aldehyde. The remainder
of the dispersant can comprise active ingredients such as water,
solvent or humectant. The weight average molecular weight of the
dispersant is generally less than 20,000, preferably less than
13,000, and more preferably less than 10,000. The pigment
dispersion should contain enough dispersant to stabilize the
pigment particle dispersion such as viscosity, stability and
optical density.
Various pH buffers can also be included in the ink composition of
the present invention. Suitable pH buffers include, but are not
limited to, acids, bases, phosphate salts, carboxylate salts,
sulfite salts, sulfate salts, amine salts, imidazole, and its
salts, and the like. Such pH controlling agents are generally
present in an amount from 0 to about 10% by weight of the ink,
preferably from about 0.001 to about 5% by weight of the ink and
more preferably from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the ink,
although the amount can be outside of these ranges.
The ink composition of the present invention can also include
various biocides. Suitable biocides include, but are not limited
to, biocides such as Dowicil.RTM. 150, 200, and 75, benzoate salts,
sorbate salts, Proxcel.RTM. (available from ICI), and the like.
When used, such biocides are generally present in an amount from 0
to about 10% by weight of the ink, preferably from about 0.001 to
about 8% by weight of the ink, and more preferably from about 0.01
to about 4% by weight of the ink, although the amount can be
outside of these ranges.
The ink jet ink composition of the present invention can also
comprise various anti-curl and/or anti-cockle agents. Suitable
agents include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,356,464 to Hickman et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,824 to
Moffatt et al.
The ink composition of the present invention can also comprise
various anti-bleed agents and/or drying accelerating agents to
reduce intercolor bleed. Suitable agents include, but are not
limited to, penetrants including hydroxyethers, including alkyl
cellusolves.RTM. and alkyl carbitolsg such as hexyl carbitol.RTM.
and butyl carbitol; polyethylene glycol ether derivatives (such as
alkyl ethers including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl,
dodecyl, lauryl, stearyl, ether derivatives, phenyl and alkylphenyl
ether derivatives of polyethyleneglycols, and the like); and
polypropyleneglycol ether derivatives (such as alkyl ethers
including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, dodecyl,
lauryl, stearyl ether derivatives, phenyl and alkylphenyl, ether
derivatives of polypropylene glycols, and the like); and the like,
and mixtures thereof.
Various polymeric binders can also be used in conjunction with the
ink composition of the present invention to adjust the viscosity of
the composition. Suitable polymeric binders include, but are not
limited to, water soluble polymers and copolymers such as gum
arabic, polyacrylate salts, polymethacrylate salts, polyvinyl
alcohols, hydroxypropylenecellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,
polyvinylpyrrolidinone, polyvinylether, starch, polysaccharides,
polyethyleneimines with or without being derivatized with ethylene
oxide and propylene oxide including the Discole.RTM. series (DKS
International); the Jeffamine.RTM. series (Texaco); and the like.
Polymeric additives may be present in the ink jet inks of the
present invention in amounts from 0 to about 10% by weight of the
total ink weight, preferably from about 0.001 to about 8% by weight
of the total weight of the ink, and more preferably from about 0.01
to about 5% by weight of the total ink weight, although the amount
can be outside these ranges.
The ink composition of the present invention can also include
various anti-clogging agents to prevent clogging. Suitable
anti-clogging agents include but are not limited to
polyethyleneglycol, polypropyleneglycol,
poly(ethylene-co-propylene)glycol, polyhydric materials (materials
containing more than one hydroxyl group), condensation products of
diols or triols (glycerine, trimethylopropane, triethanolamine,
etc.) with ethyleneoxide and/or propyleneoxide.
Various anti-clogging agents can also serve as latency enhancers to
increase the latency of the ink of this invention. Long latency is
preferred so that the ink does not clog the nozzle of the printhead
and reduce the need for frequent printhead maintenance.
The ink compositions of the present invention can be suitably used
in various printing processes and apparatus. For example, the ink
compositions of the present invention can be used in a variety of
ink jet printing processes and apparatus including, but not limited
to, continuous ink jet printing and drop-on-demand printing
including piezoelectric ink jet printing, acoustic ink jet
printing, and thermal ink jet printing. The ink compositions can be
used by themselves, as in a single-color (monochrome) printing
process or apparatus, or in combination with other ink
compositions, such as in a multi-color ink jet printing process.
The ink composition of present invention comprising at least one of
the low boiling point alcohols and thiols is especially useful for
formulation of a pigment ink such as a carbon black ink. The carbon
black ink tends to be unstable when relatively more nonpolar or
hydrophobic materials or penetrants are used to facilitate the ink
drying. The low boiling additive of alcohols and thiols
(B.P..ltoreq.115.degree. C.) have a relatively smaller number of
carbon atoms and higher surface tension than similar materials with
a high boiling point and a larger number of carbon atoms. Unlike
other potent ink penetrants, the additives of present invention in
general do not cause significant degradation in image quality if
they are used properly. In addition, the low boiling point alcohols
and thiols of the present invention do not seriously destabilize a
pigment ink when they are used properly. Due to low boiling point
nature of the additives of the present invention, it is preferred
to have their boiling point above 80.degree. C. to avoid any
possible safety issue such as flammability during transportation.
If necessary, the aforementioned additives of alcohols and thiols
(B.P..ltoreq.115.degree. C.) may also be used in conjunction with
similar alcohols and thiols with a boiling point of
.ltoreq.135.degree. C. (e.g. boiling point ranges from 135.degree.
C. to 135.degree. C.) in ink jet ink compositions and processes of
the present invention.
The ink jet printing process (e.g. multicolor ink jet printing
process) of the present invention can include the printing of ink
in any chosen orders (e.g. cyan, yellow, magenta, black; black,
cyan, magenta, yellow; black, cyan, yellow, magenta; etc.). For
example, a color ink (e.g. cyan, magenta, yellow) can be printed
first followed by a carbon black ink (or a black ink) comprising a
low boiling point additive of alcohol and/or thiol or vice versa.
Moreover the multicolor ink jet printing process of the present
invention can be performed either with or without heating of the
substrate. The print substrate can be optionally heated at any
stage of inkjet printing process of the present invention including
before, during, after, and combinations thereof. Suitable heating
methods include, but are not limited to, radiant heating, lamp
heating, platen or belt heating, and the like. The ink jet printing
process of the present invention can also include pixel management,
underprinting, overprinting and partial toning (e.g. 1/16, 1/8,
1/4, 1/2, etc.), as are known in the art. The multicolor ink jet
printing process of the present invention can include either
pigment- or dye-based inks with at least one ink comprising a low
boiling additive of alcohol and thiol with B.P..ltoreq.115.degree.
C. In addition, the ink additive of the present invention can be
mixed with water, ink vehicles, or other ink additives (e.g.
humectants, surfactants, pigment dispersants, jetting aids,
biocides, anti-curl agents, anti-bleed agents, pH buffering agents,
polymeric additives, etc.) including alcohols and thiols with
B.P..ltoreq.135.degree. C.
The multicolor ink jet printing process of the present can be
conducted using many different printers employing various printing
methods including, but not limited to, thermal ink jet printing,
acoustic ink jet printing, continuous stream ink jet printing, and
piezoelectric ink jet printing. In addition, the present invention
can also comprise jetting at least one ink through a printhead
capable of printing at least about 360 spots per inch, preferably
at least about 400 spots per inch, more preferably at least about
420 spots per inch, and most preferably at least 600 spots per inch
or more.
In an exemplary embodiment, the printing process of the present
invention includes several steps. First, a black ink, such as a
carbon black ink (containing either chemically modified carbon
black particles or carbon black particles stabilized with a pigment
dispersant), comprising a low boiling point alcohol or thiol can be
printed onto a print substrate. Once the black ink has been
printed, color inks can then be printed. By printing in this order,
the black ink comprising the alcohol or thiol penetrant can quickly
penetrate the surface of the print substrate. Rapid print substrate
penetration reduces the amount of residual black ink remaining on
the surface of the substrate that can mix with later printed color
inks, and thereby minimizes intercolor bleed. A long delay between
printing of the black ink and a subsequent color ink (especially a
yellow ink) can be used to further minimize intercolor bleed.
In an alternative embodiment of the multicolor ink jet printing
process of the present invention, a color ink can be printed before
printing the black ink (e.g. carbon black ink) comprising the low
boiling point alcohol or thiol additive. In this case, because
color inks are generally fast drying, the color ink rapidly
penetrates the print substrate surface and dries. The carbon black
ink can then be selectively printed (e.g. adjacent to, on top of,
or below a color ink) on the print substrate surface afterward.
Selective printing of the black ink can be done, for example, using
a partial toning technique if necessary. In such cases, black ink
images can be completed using multiple printing processes (e.g.
partial printing in multiple swaths, etc.) to further reduce the
incidence of intercolor bleed. In this case, because the black ink
composition of the present invention comprises a low boiling point
penetrant additive, the black ink composition dries more rapidly
than conventional carbon black inks with high surface tension (e.g.
those without the alcohol or thiol additive), thereby minimizing
feathering and undesirable intermixing that may otherwise occur
between the carbon black ink and the previously printed color
ink.
Regardless of the specific order of printing, the ink jet ink
composition and process of the present invention substantially
reduce the likelihood of intercolor bleed while maintaining high
quality image formation.
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in
detail. These Examples are intended to be illustrative only, and
the invention is not limited to the materials, conditions or
process parameters set forth in these embodiments. All parts and
percentages are by weight in inks, unless otherwise indicated.
Other embodiments and modifications of the present invention may
occur to those skilled in the art subsequent to a review of the
information presented herein; these embodiments and modifications,
as well as equivalents thereof, are also included within the scope
of this invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
A carbon black ink composition was prepared. The ink composition
comprised the following components: 15.66% sulfolane, 15.56%
Cab-O-Jet.RTM. 157, a carbon black dispersion from Cabot
Corporation (a chemically modified anionic carbon black dispersion
containing 15% carbon black solid), 7.66% 2-pyrrolidone, 0.05%
polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight=18,500), 0.70%
latex (BzMA/EtgMa/Ma with 55 parts benzyl methacrylate, 21 parts
ethylene glycol methacrylate, 24 parts methacrylic acid; 35% solid
content), 2.92% polyether(alkylenoxide)-polymethylsiloxane
copolymer Tegopren 5884 (Goldschmidt Chemical Corp., 33.5% solid
content), 0.85% t-butyl alcohol, and deionized water (balance).
The ink of this invention was filtered with a 1.0 micron glass
filter and used for printing and image studies.
Example 2
An unmodified ink composition was also prepared as a reference,
which does not include the low boiling point penetrant additive of
the present invention. The reference ink composition comprised the
following components: 15.79% sulfolane 15.69% Cab-O-Jet.RTM. 157, a
carbon black dispersion from Cabot Corporation (a chemically
modified anionic carbon black dispersion containing 15% carbon
black solid), 7.72% 2-pyrrolidone 0.05% polyethylene oxide (weight
average molecular weight=18,500) 0.71% latex (BzMA/EtgMa/Ma with 55
parts benzyl methacrylate, 21 parts ethylene glycol methacrylate,
24 parts methacrylic acid; 35% solid content), 2.94%
polyether(alkylenoxide)-polymethylsiloxane copolymer Tegopren 5884
(Goldschmidt Chemical Corp., 33.5% solid content), and deionized
water (balance).
The ink (reference or control) was filtered with a 1.0 micron glass
filter and used for printing and image studies. The reference ink
has a faster drying rate than the ink of Example 1.
Example 3
A yellow ink composition was prepared by simple mixing of the
following ingredients followed by pH adjustment to neutral and
filtration through a Nylon membrane filter of 0.8 micron:
Amount (parts by Ingredient Supplier weight) deionized water --
0.785 DOWICIL .RTM. 150/200 biocide Dow Chemical Co. 0.1
polyethylene oxide* Polysciences 0.05 imidazole BASF 1 ethylene
diamine tetraacetic acid Dow Chemical Co. 0.065 urea Arcadian Corp.
6 sulfolane** Phillips Petroleum Co. 15 acetylethanolamine*** Scher
Chemical 16 butyl carbitol Van Waters & Rogers 12 PROJET .RTM.
YELLOW OAM Zeneca Colors 40 dye**** roll mill 30 minutes *average
molecular weight 18,500 **95 wt. % sulfolane, 5 wt. % water ***75
wt. % acetylethanolamine, 25 wt. % water ****Containing 7.5 wt. %
Acid Yellow 23 dye in water
Example 4
A Hewlett Packard.RTM. (HP) 855C thermal ink jet printer was used
to produce multicolor ink jet images (including black lines) on a
variety of plain papers, including NT (North American type) papers,
Japanese type papers, and HP Bright White papers. The NT papers
were: 1). 3NT (Recycled Bond paper, Domtar, Comwall-Ontario), 2).
7NT (Xerox Image Series LX), 3). 1ONT (Hammermill Tidal DP,
International Paper Selma, Alabama), 4). 14NT (Champion Brazil),
and 5). 18NT (Xerox 4024). The HP carbon black ink was removed from
the ink cartridge and replaced with either the modified or
reference carbon black inks, described above. Auto, Normal and
Graphic modes were used with the HP 855C printer. The yellow ink of
Example 3 was used for printing next to the carbon black inks
(Example 1 or Example 2) for intercolor bleed studies. The Midrange
Frequency Line Edge Noise (MFLEN), which is a way to evaluate line
edge sharpness, was employed to evaluate line sharpness of the
black line images (ink of Example 1) on different plain papers.
MFLEN values were measured to quantify line edge raggedness for the
black ink printed on various plain papers without a neighboring
ink. The small MFLEN numbers indicate sharp image of the black ink
on various plain papers. The MFLEN numbers were obtained by an
equipment comprising a personal computer, an illuminating light
source, a filter, and an imaging microscope with a CDD sensor
(light sensor). The equipment was calibrated with a standard image
(line with sharp edges). Software using a Fourier Transform
technique was used to calculate the MFLEN data and line width.
Intercolor bleed was also measured and evaluated as a MFLEN value.
Intercolor bleed (ICB) usually is caused by undesirable mixing of
inks near the bordering areas and results in a distorted line image
with irregular edges and large MFLEN values. The smaller intercolor
bleed MFLEN number is desirable because it shows sharper line image
with reduced intercolor bleed.
MFLEN and intercolor bleed data were collected by measuring at
least three lines (three vertical lines or six horizontal lines)
for each paper; the average values are shown in Tables I and II
below.
TABLE I Horizontal Line ICB and MFLEN Data of Example 1 and Example
2 Printed on Plain Papers Next the Yellow Ink (Example 3)
Intercolor Intercolor Bleed of Bleed of Yellow Ink Yellow Ink
(Example 3) (Example 3) MFLEN vs. vs. of MFLEN Reference Modified
Reference C.B. of C.B. Ink C.B. Ink Ink C.B. Ink Paper (Example 2)
(Example 1) (Example 2) (Example 1) 3NT 69.7 49.3 1.6 2 7NT 10.3
12.4 0 0.5 10NT 20.2 12.9 20.2 19.2 14NT 44 21.5 7.6 13.7 18NT 84.4
42 1.1 0.5 HP-BW 12.9 11.9 9.8 10.1 Average 40.3 25 6.7 7.7 *Note:
HP BW stands for Hewlett Packard Bright White Paper;
Lower ICB (Intercolor Bleed) value is better.
Yellow ink of Example 3 was printed next to each carbon black ink
(Example 1 or Example 2, control). MFLEN stands for mid frequency
line edge noise is desirable for lower value.
TABLE II Vertical Line ICB and MFLEN Data of Example 1 and Example
2 Printed on Plain Papers Next the Yellow Ink (Example 3)
Intercolor Intercolor Bleed of Bleed of Yellow Ink Yellow Ink
(Example 3) (Example 3) vs. vs. MFLEN MFLEN of Reference Modified
of Reference Modified C.B. Ink C.B. Ink C.B. Ink C.B. Ink Paper
(Example 2) (Example 1) (Example 2) (Example 1) 3NT 48.9 32.1 6.1
6.9 7NT 15.6 13.9 4.5 5.1 10NT 21.5 15.5 17.7 17.1 14NT 31.5 13.7
10.2 10.3 18NT 75 26.2 6.4 6.9 HP-BW 13.4 15.2 11.1 13.9 Average
34.3 19.4 9.3 10 *Note: HP BW stands for "Hewlett Packard Bright
White Paper"
Yellow ink of Example 3 was printed next to either carbon black ink
of Example 1 or Example 2 (a control). MFLEN stands for "mid
frequency line edge noise"
The intercolor bleed data (for both Horizontal and Vertical lines)
clearly indicate that the modified ink, prepared according to the
present invention comprising t-butyl alcohol, is superior to the
unmodified or reference ink when printed on NT papers next to the
yellow ink (Example 3). Moreover, the MFLEN data are comparable for
both the modified and the reference inks. Thus, the present
invention provides an ink composition and printing process that can
produce high quality multi-color images with low MFLEN and minimal
intercolor bleed on many plain papers.
Example 5
A carbon black ink was prepared comprising sulfolane (15%),
2-pyrrolidinone (6%), 15.69% Cab-O-Jet.RTM. 157 (a chemically
modified anionic carbon black dispersion from Cabot Corporation
(containing 15% carbon black solid), 0.05% polyethyleneoxide (Ave.
M.W. of PEO is about 18,000), 0.5% Polyacrylamide solid content
(From 50% Polyacrylamide solution with M.sub.w =1500)
polyacrylamide, isopropanol (3%), and deionized water (balance).
The ink was filtered through a 1.0 micron glass filter. Physical
properties: pH=7.3, Surface tension: 50.5 dyne/cm, and
Viscosity=2.1 centipoises.
Example 6
A carbon black ink was prepared comprising sulfolane (15%),
2-pyrrolidinone (6%), 15.69% Cab-O-Jet.RTM. 157 (a chemically
modified anionic carbon black dispersion from Cabot Corporation
(containing 15% carbon black solid), 0.05% polyethyleneoxide (Ave.
M.W. of PEO is about 18,000), 0.5% Polyacrylamide solid content
(From 50% Polyacrylamide solution with M.sub.w =1500)
polyacrylamide, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate Salt (0.4%) and deionized
water (balance). The ink was filtered through a 1.0 micron glass
filter. Physical properties: pH=7.36, Surface tension: 41 dyne/cm,
and Viscosity=1.82 centipoises.
Example 7
The aforementioned carbon black inks (Examples 5 and 6) were used
in printing on a wide variety of plain papers including several NT
papers (same as in Example 4) and Japanese papers. The Japanese
plain papers were JP1 (Fuji Xerox S thin copier paper), JP5 (Fuji
Xerox J color copier paper), JP9 (Nihonseishi L), JP10 (Fuji Xerox
Green 100), and JP12 (Sharp PPC paper). The carbon black inks were
placed in empty HP 855C black ink cartridges and printed at room
temperature separately and also next to HP 855C Yellow ink using a
HP 855C ink jet printer. The printer was operated in Auto, Normal
and Graphic modes. The MFLEN and ICB data for Examples 5 and 6 on
NT papers are shown in Tables III. The MFLEN and ICB data for
Examples 5 on Japanese papers are shown in Table IV.
TABLE III MFLEN and ICB Data of Examples 5 and 6 on NT Papers
ICB(K/Y) ICB(K/Y) Example 5 Example 6 MFLEN MFLEN Next to HP Next
to HP Example 5 Example 6 855C Yellow 855C Yellow Paper (K) (K) Ink
Ink 3NT 74 18.7 24.7 31 7NT 0.8 2.7 8.7 15.4 10NT 13 28 14.9 16.7
12NT 25 39 13.7 16.7 13NT 1.8 28.7 15.9 29.3 18NT 1.1 1.5 16.2 34.2
Ave. 8.2 19.8 15.7 23.9
TABLE IV MFLEN and ICB Data of Examples 5 on Japanese Papers
Japanese MFLEN Paper (K) ICB(K/Y) CJ1 5.4 21.3 CJ5 3.4 23.1 CJ9 2
19.3 CJ10 4.9 188 CJ12 9 3.7 Ave. 4.9 17.2
From Tables III and IV, it is clear that the ink comprising the low
boiling alcohol (Isopropanol) has excellent MFLEN data on both NT
and Japanese papers. Ink of Example 5 of this invention showed
lower MFLEN values (Better Images) than ink of Example 6 on NT
papers (Ave. MFLEN=8.2 vs 19.8). Ink of Example 5 also works very
well when it is printed next to the HP 855C Yellow ink to give low
intercolor bleed (Ave. ICB=15.7 and 17.2 on NT and Japanese plain
papers respectively).
* * * * *