U.S. patent number 3,928,982 [Application Number 05/448,436] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-30 for method and device for a foundation by depression in an aquatic site.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sea Tank Co.. Invention is credited to Roger Lacroix.
United States Patent |
3,928,982 |
Lacroix |
December 30, 1975 |
Method and device for a foundation by depression in an aquatic
site
Abstract
Method and device for a foundation by depression in an aquatic
site in connection with a structure comprising a tank with an apron
provided with ridges digging into the ground and passing through a
permeable sandy surface layer resting on an impermeable clay layer,
characterized in that the ridges, arranged continuously at the
periphery of the apron, enclose the said sandy layer in a confined
space comprised between the said apron and the said clay layer and
in that the suction of the trapped water sets up a depression
ensuring the continuation of the sinking of the said tank.
Inventors: |
Lacroix; Roger (Sceaux,
FR) |
Assignee: |
Sea Tank Co. (Paris,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
9115767 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/448,436 |
Filed: |
March 5, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Mar 5, 1973 [FR] |
|
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73.07739 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/224;
405/224.1; 405/210 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D
27/52 (20130101); E02D 29/06 (20130101); E02D
2250/0053 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02D
29/09 (20060101); E02D 29/00 (20060101); E02D
27/52 (20060101); E02D 27/32 (20060101); E02D
027/52 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/46.5,50,52,46,64 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Shapiro; Jacob
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an underwater foundation structure for controlled submerged
depression in an aquatic site, including: a tank having an apron
forming the bottom of said structure with a ridge projecting
downwardly therefrom and digging into the ground, which ground
comprises at least two stratified layers in the form of a surface
layer of permeable sand resting on an impermeable layer of clay,
the improvement comprising:
said ridge having a height greater than the thickness of said sandy
layer and extending continuously about the periphery of said apron
to enclose the sandy layer within a confined space between said
apron, the ridge and said clay layer after initial submergence of
said tank, tubular funnels extending vertically through the tank
from said apron to the top of said tank with said funnels being
provided with closures at their upper ends to permit the removal of
water trapped beneath said apron during initial submergence of said
foundation structure, tubular drains extending through the tank and
having their lower ends entering the sand layer and their upper
ends projecting above the surface of the water of the aquatic site,
filters provided at the lower ends of said drains where the drains
enter the sandy layer to insure the removal of water, and pumps
housed internally of the drains for pumping water through the
drains to create said depression and for expelling water from the
upper ends of the drains captured within the layer of permeable
sand above the surface of said aquatic site.
2. The foundation structure according to claim 1, for use with
respect to a site having two stratified surface layers of permeable
sand and compressible clay and covering a ground consisting of
compacted clay, said structure further comprising: partition ridges
depending from said apron and acting in conjunction with the
peripheral ridge for subdividing the confined space into
compartments which are fluid tight after submerging, and wherein a
tubular funnel and a drain are provided for each compartment to
separately remove the water trapped therein by applied suction.
3. The foundation structure as claimed in claim 1, for use on a
site having three surface layers of: permeable sand, compressible
clay and slightly permeable sand, covering a compacted clay ground,
said foundation structure further comprising extra drains extending
through said tank and having their lower ends penetrating the layer
of slightly permeable sand, said extra drains extending upwardly to
the surface of the water of said aquatic site, pumps housed within
said extra drains to exhaust water from said slightly permeable
sand layer independently of that water being exhausted from the
layer of permeable sand above said layer of compressible clay.
4. The foundation structure as claimed in claim 2, for use on a
site having three surface layers of: permeable sand, compressible
clay and slightly permeable sand, covering a compacted clay ground,
said foundation structure further comprising extra drains extending
through said tank and having their lower ends penetrating the layer
of slightly permeable sand, said extra drains extending upwardly to
the surface of the water of said aquatic site, pumps housed within
said extra drains to exhaust water from said slightly permeable
sand layer independently of that water being exhausted from the
layer of permeable sand above said layer of compressible clay.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a method and device for a foundation
by depression in an aquatic site for a structure comprising a tank
with an apron provided with fixing ridges for securing the tank set
on the ground and relates more particularly to the case where the
ground has stratified layers, having a slight thickness in relation
to the dimensions of the said apron and comprising a surface layer
of permeable sand covering an impermeable layer of clay which is
compressible. As the layer of sand is insufficient to bear the
structure, means are provided for forming a closed space under the
apron in which a depression is set up to ensure fixing by a suction
effect resulting from the removal of the water contained in the
sandy layer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is known, indeed, that to ensure the stability of a tank
submerged in an aquatic site on a ground whose surface condition is
doubtful, it is compulsory to fix it by means of piles driven
through it into the ground or to remove the compressible layer by
dredging.
It has been proposed, when the submerging becomes great and when
the use of piles is made more difficult, to arrange above the
apron, a ballast so as to increase the sinking of the tank into the
ground whose different layers must be homogenous to ensure the
evenness of the sinking.
The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantage on
the hand, of piles to be driven in and means to be implemented for
effecting such an operation, on the other hand, the excess weight
due to the ballasting of a tank, while obtaining the same quality
of stability of the foundation obtained, in the case where the
ground has stratified layers having the thicknesses and
compositions previously defined. It may be used when the great
depth allows neither dredging nor filling in.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The essential feature of the invention consists in the fitting of
the apron with fixing ridges having a height greater than the
thickness of the impermeable sandy layer and constituting a
continuous wall at the periphery of the said apron, so as to form,
after the submerging and complete sinking of the tank, a closed
space between the apron and the impermeable clay layer and so as to
obtain, by suction of the water of the enclosed sandy layer, the
creation of a depression ensuring, for the tank, the continuation
of its sinking by undercutting and the fixing thereof.
The suction effect, with cutting edges, resulting from the
depression thus set up, is the equivalent, for the structure, of an
extra weight, whose heaviness is in proportion with the submerging
depth of the tank or tanks acting as its foundation. In order
better to define and specify the aims and other advantages of the
present invention, examples of the embodiment thereof, having no
limiting character, relating to sites having stratified upper
layers with various structures, are described in connection with
the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partial, sectional elevation of an emerging platform of
the present invention whose tank rests on a site having two
stratified layers.
FIG. 2 is a partial, sectional elevation of platform forming
another embodiment of the invention whose foundations rest on a
site having three stratified layers.
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of platform similar to that in
FIG. 1 whose foundations have been submerged in an aquatic site
having only one surface layer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1, the submerging site comprises two surface stratification
layers, the one, 1, being a layer of permeable sand, the other, 2,
being a layer of compressible clay comprised between the layer 1
and the compact clay ground 3. The structure is a platform 4
resting on hollow columns 5 sealingly extending through the tank 6
having multiple partitions, only one of which, 6a, has been shown,
for clearness' sake in the figure and whose apron or plate 7 is
provided with fixing ridges or skirt 8 forming a continuous wall as
an extension of or in the vicinity of the lateral walls of the said
tank 6.
The various phases of execution of that structure comprise: the
manufacturing thereof, the tranferring thereof to the site, the
submerging thereof and the fixing thereof, by depression, in the
sub-aquatic ground.
The manufacturing of the multi-cellular tank 6 is effected in an
excavation on the edge of the water, the ridges or skirt being
comprised and having a greater height than the thickness of the
layer of sand on the said submerging site. The transfer of the tank
is effected by floating up to the site; then the complete
submerging of the tank and the sinking thereof to the bottom by
progressive and partial ballasting. As soon as the ridges 8
penetrate into the layer 2 of sub-jacent clay, the water of the
layer 1, trapped between the ground and the apron 7, escapes
through the vertical funnels 9 extending through the tank 6, in the
direction of the arrows 11 and 12.
The verticality of the tank 6, controlled by that of the columns 5,
is ensured by the filling of various fluid-tight cells separated by
the partitions 6a and by the possible transfer of water from one to
another.
Then, after having ensured the balance of the structure on the
ground, under the effect of its own weight, the lowering of the
volume of water trapped in the layer 1a and that under the apron 7
is effected, by suction from the submerged pumps 13, through the
filters 14, which are, to great advantage, constituted by resins
impermeable to the finest sand. The water is removed in the
direction of the arrows 15 and 16 up the free surface 17 of the
water covering the submerging site; whereas the valves 10 or any
other closing means ensure automatically, the fluid-tight closing
of the tunnels 9 as soon as the pumps 13 are started up. Thus, the
sinking of the tank 6 by lateral flowage in the direction of the
arrows 18, of the compressible clay in the layer 2, containing
enough water to be still deformable and by expulsion of a part of
the water which the said layer 2 ensuring its consolidation
contained, is thus effected, the line 19 representing the
separation surface, at the end of the operation, of the trapped
parts of the said layers 1 and 2.
The depression thus created under the apron 7 makes it possible to
exert a pressure on the layers on which it rests and whose value is
limited only by the height of water covering the box 6. Such a
pressure may be maintained a certain time, this attenuating,
proportionally, long-term subsidence. Moreover, such a pressure
exerted on the foundations by means of pressure gauges (not shown)
having electrical contacts affecting relays and controlling the
pumps from a floor of the platform 4 may be maintained
permanently.
Furthermore, it is possible to provide the partitioning of the
apron by internal ridges such as 8a thus forming compartments, each
compartment having its own funnel 9 and its column 5 used for
draining so as to be able to exert different pressures in the
various compartments in order to put the tank back into position if
it tends to become inclined.
In FIG. 2, the submerging site comprises three stratified surface
layers: permeable sand 1, compressible clay 2 and slightly
permeable sand covering compacted clay layer 3.
To avoid the forming of a fissure between the layers 1 and 20 which
too great a difference in pressure between them would cause, it is
sufficient to drain the layer 20 independently from the layer 1 by
means of drains 22 sucking through a filter 23 the water contained
in the layer 20, as soon as the pump 13 is started up, ensuring the
removal thereof in the direction of the arrows 24 and 25. As the
ridges 8 do not cut the later 20, the volume of water which it
contains is fed to its periphery, but its slight permeability
enables the lowering of the volume layer 20.
If, on the other hand, the layer 20 were very permeable and did not
have a limited extent, the forming of fissures could be avoided
only by trapping the volume, providing ridges extending right
through the said layer 20.
The checking of the true thickness of the various layers of ground
is effected at the four angles of the tank 6 by four corresponding
borings, effected after immersion of the box and before the
starting up of the suction pumps.
Moreover, the checking of the sinking is provided by beating, at
the same time, a reference tube which is, to great advantage, in
the axis of the tank.
It is self-evident that it is possible to combine, with the
implementing of this method, other known means, either for making
the sinking of the tank 6 easier when the compressible layer is
thick enough, or to help the re-establishing of the verticality of
the said tank 6.
Thus, before the lowering of the volume of water in the layer 1 of
permeable sand, a part of the compressible clay may be dredged by
pumping and reverse flow in a series of wells spaced out under the
surface of the apron 7 and equipped, for that purpose, with
disintegrators. Likewise, after the sinking of the tank 6 has been
effected, cement may be injected into the upper layer 1a of trapped
sand.
In FIG. 3, the submerging site comprises only one sandy surface
layer 1 covering the compacted clay ground 3. The platform 4
resting on the tank 6 through columns 5 forms a structure whose
weight is insufficient for ensuring its stability with respect to
horizontal forces to which it could be subjected; moreover, the
lowering of the trapped volume 1a by suction of the water which it
contains, by means of the pumps 13 operating permanently to exhaust
the slight leakage discharge due to the incompleteness of the
fluid-tight sealing of clay, provides the extra weight, which is
great when the foundations of the structure are deeply sunk and
necessary for its stability.
It is self-evident that the examples described of the application
of the method according to the present invention do not have any
exhaustive character and that all means equivalent to those
corresponding to the general definition which has been given
thereof form a part of the branch which the present application is
intended to protect.
Thus, it is possible to design a light and economical construction
for a submerging site not comprising a permeable sandy layer and on
which just the necessary quantity of sand is spread over the
surface which is to be covered by the apron having fixing ridges,
so as to implement the depression method according to the
invention, having a suction effect with cutting edges.
Therefore, it appears that this method is very interesting when the
ground in which the foundations are laid lies under a great depth
of water and is more particularly inaccessible to civil engineering
machines and when the structure resting on the foundations is
light, for there is double economy, on the one hand in the saving
of the material of the structure, on the other hand, in the
implementing of the method by the simple means described, while
obtaining the advantages of a heavy structure to which it may be
compared.
* * * * *