U.S. patent number 3,927,606 [Application Number 05/445,842] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-23 for method for making a cross-bottom bag having a plastics liner incorporated in the folding of the end closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Windmoller & Holscher. Invention is credited to Friedrich Franz Brockmuller, Richard Feldkamper, August Schwarzkopf.
United States Patent |
3,927,606 |
Brockmuller , et
al. |
December 23, 1975 |
Method for making a cross-bottom bag having a plastics liner
incorporated in the folding of the end closure
Abstract
In the production of bags each having a folded cross-bottom end
closure containing two side flaps which are successively folded
over and stuck down, the bags consisting of an outer layer of at
least one ply and an inner layer having adhesion properties
different from those of the outer layer, a longitudinally-fed
flattened tubular web consisting of the material for the two layers
is produced in a tube-forming machine and divided into individual
bag sections, two longitudinal incisions being applied through both
layers at least near one end of the bag sections at least on the
side adjacent to the side flap that is to be folded over last of
all, whereby the corner folds are at least partially separated from
the side flaps to define rectangular tongue portions on the side
flaps. The cross-bottom end closure is formed at least at one end
of each bag section during transverse feeding through a
base-forming machine by opening up the or each end of the bag
section and foreshortening the outer edge of the tongue portion on
the side flap of the inner layer that is to be folded over last of
all in comparison with the corresponding edge of the innermost ply
of the outer layer, applying a suitable adhesive to the faces of
the inner and outer layers that are to be stuck together and
successively turning over the side flaps, such foreshortening being
effected by severing a correspondingly wide strip from the tongue
portion in the base-forming machine.
Inventors: |
Brockmuller; Friedrich Franz
(Lengerich, DT), Schwarzkopf; August (Lengerich,
DT), Feldkamper; Richard (Lengerich, DT) |
Assignee: |
Windmoller & Holscher
(Lengerich, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5873681 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/445,842 |
Filed: |
February 26, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
493/203; 493/218;
493/220; 493/936 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B31B
70/00 (20170801); B31B 2150/0014 (20170801); Y10S
493/936 (20130101); B31B 2160/106 (20170801); B31B
2160/10 (20170801); B31B 70/003 (20170801); B31B
2170/20 (20170801); B31B 2150/00 (20170801) |
Current International
Class: |
B31B
39/00 (20060101); B31B 001/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;93/355B,35R,8R,8W,27,14,17,18,19,33R,33H,58.4,58.2R,58R
;83/171 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lake; Roy
Assistant Examiner: Coan; James F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fleit & Jacobson
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of making a multi-layer cross-bottom bag consisting of
an outer layer of at least one ply and an inner layer having
adhesion properties different from those of the outer layer,
wherein a longitudinally fed flattened tubular web consisting of
the material for the inner and outer layers is produced in a
tube-forming machine and divided into individual bag sections, two
longitudinal incisions are applied through both layers at least
near one end of the bag sections at least on the side of the
section adjacent to the side flap that is to be folded over last of
all, whereby the corner folds of the end closure are at least
partially separated from the side flaps of the end closure to
define rectangular tongue portions on the side flaps, and wherein a
cross-bottom is formed on at least one end of each bag section
whilst being fed transversely in a base-forming machine by opening
up the or each end of the bag section, foreshortening the outer
edge of the tongue portion on the side flap of the inner layer that
is to be folded over last of all in comparison with the
corresponding edge of the innermost ply of the outer layer by
severing a correspondingly wide strip from the tongue portion,
leading the leading edge of the strip being severed out of the
plane of movement of the bag section whilst the latter is passing a
severing element disposed at a fixed location, applying a suitable
adhesive to the faces of the inner and outer layers that are to be
stuck together, and turning over the side flaps that are to be
folded over first of all and last of all.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein severing is effected with
the aid of a severing element that is rotatable at a considerably
higher peripheral speed than the feeding speed of the bag
sections.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein severing of the strip is
effected by a severing element having a cutting edge which is
stationary relatively to the fed bag section, the severing element
being rotated at a peripheral speed corresponding to the feeding
speed of the bag section.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the cutting edge of the
severing element is heated.
Description
The invention relates to a method of making a multi-layer
cross-bottom bag consisting of an outer layer of at least one ply
and an inner layer having adhesion properties different from those
of the outer layer, wherein a longitudinally-fed flattened tubular
web consisting of the material for the inner and outer layers is
produced in a tube-forming machine and divided into individual bag
sections, two longitudinal incisions are applied through both
layers at least near one end of the bag sections at least on the
side of the section adjacent to the side flap that is to be folded
over last of all, whereby the corner folds of the end closure are
at least partially separated from the side flaps of the end closure
to define rectangular tongue portions on the side flaps, and
wherein a cross-bottom is formed on at least one end of each bag
section whilst being fed transversely in a base-forming machine by
opening up the or each end of the bag section, foreshortening the
outer edge of the tongue portion on the side flap of the inner
layer that is to be folded over last of all in comparison with the
corresponding edge of the innermost ply of the outer layer,
applying a suitable adhesive to the faces of the inner and outer
layer that are to be stuck together, and turning over the side
flaps that are to be folded over first of all and last of all.
The parent patent describes a method and apparatus for making a
cross-bottom bag in which a plastics liner is incorporated in the
folded end closure. The material of the liner therefore has
adhesion properties different from those of the outer layer
material. During manufacture, a tube section forming the liner
projects by a predetermined amount beyond a tube section forming
the outer layer, at least at that end where cross-bottom folding is
to be applied. It has been found that for certain goods with which
the bags are to be filled the bags will be satisfactory even if the
aforementioned projection is not provided, that is to say if the
inner and outer layers of the bag material are flush at the end
where the cross-bottom folding is to be applied. Having the layers
coterminous brings about some manufacturing advantages. The bag
sections can be cut off flush and the required excess length of the
inner tube section relatively to the outer tube section can be
brought about by providing a Z-shaped fold in the inner tube
section.
The present invention therefore aims to provide foreshortening of
the side flap that is to be folded over last of all, regardless of
whether the layers of the bag are coterminous or one layer projects
beyond the other. It is conceivable that this foreshortening at one
end of the inner layer could be achieved by an internally-engaging
tool which is supported from the outside by rollers, and an
external tool co-operating with the internal tool. However, this
would involve considerable disadvantages in construction and
production because the cutting tool would be complicated and prone
to faults and it would also be difficult to convert the apparatus
to making bags of a different size. It would also be basically
possible to make the tube section for the inner layer from a flat
sheet, stamp out portions of the flat sheet at positions
appropriate for the foreshortening, form the flat sheet to a tube,
apply a longitudinal seam and finally flatten it. However, a sheet
provided with wide punched out portions is very awkward to feed at
high speeds over the tool that is to form it to a tube and, again,
cumbersome conversion is necessary whenever the bag size is to be
changed.
In view of the aforementioned disadvantages, it is preferable to
start with a flattened tubular web for the inner layer of bag
material. The suggestion in the parent patent that foreshortening
be achieved by folding back a side flap is a marked improvement
because much simpler equipment is involved as compared with
stamping out portions from a tubular layer with the aid of an
internally-engaging tool or from a flat layer that is subsequently
formed to a tube and welded along a longitudinal seam.
Nevertheless, the crinkling resistance of the plastics film for the
inner layer makes it difficult to produce a permanent fold in the
film without the use of heat.
The present invention aims to provide foreshortening of the side
flap that is to be folded over last of all by means of a simple
method and apparatus which are readily adaptable to different bag
sizes.
According to the invention, in a method as hereinbefore indicated,
foreshortening is effected by severing a correspondingly wide strip
from the tongue portion in the base-forming machine. Such severing
may be effected by leading the leading edge of the strip to be
severed out of the plane of movement of the bag section whilst the
latter is passing a severing element disposed at a fixed
location.
By means of this method, that is to say by postponing the severing
step until the bag sections have reached the base-forming machine,
much simpler and fewer equipment is required. Changes in bag
dimensions are also simple to take into account, all that is
required being that the severing means be displaceable upstream and
downstream of the apparatus as viewed in the direction of bag
travel.
To simplify the construction of the apparatus even further,
severing may be effected by a severing element having a cutting
edge which is stationary relatively to the fed bag section, the
severing element being rotated at a peripheral speed corresponding
to the feeding speed of the bag section. To facilitate severing,
and in particular the first penetration of the cutting edge into
the material of the inner layer, the cutting edge of the severing
element may be heated. This is an important feature of the
invention because, if the cutting edge were not heated and as soon
as it is a little blunt, the leading edge of the strip to be
severed would tend to buckle upstream of the cutting edge under a
transverse folding effect, the result being that the strip, instead
of being cleanly cut, is uncontrollably torn off and cause the
entire bag section to become displaced.
The strip could also be severed with a circular saw effect with the
aid of a severing element that is rotatable at a considerably
higher peripheral speed than the feeding speed of the bag sections,
in which case the element need not be heated. The high relative
speed between the cutting edge and the material to be severed will
cause the cutting edge to be effective even if the material is very
tough and floppy and even if the blade is already somewhat blunt.
Severing is enhanced by a zig-zag course for the cutting edge,
which results in a somewhat more disturbed severing operation and
not quite so clean a cut as with a sharp edge; but this is a small
sacrifice in comparison with the faultless operation of the
apparatus that is obtainable.
The apparatus for performing the method of the invention comprises
a tube-forming machine and a base-forming machine which processes
and conveys the bag sections in a transverse position at several
processing stations, the base-forming machine comprising a
base-opening station, wherein a station of the base-forming machine
downstream of the base-opening station comprises at least one
sucker, needle, hot point, gripper or the like which is
displaceable out of the plane of the bag section, is disposed in
the path of the strip to be severed, and engages at least the
leading end of the strip, the severing station including a severing
element at a fixed location. The member for engaging the leading
end of the strip may be combined with gripper tongs which are
particularly effective for holding the strip and resisting high
severing forces.
For efficient operation, means may be provided in the path of that
portion of the side flap which is not to be severed for holding
said portion down.
The sucker or the like may be driven in a circular path at a
peripheral speed corresponding to the speed at which the bag
sections are fed through the base-forming machine. The diameter of
the circular path is preferably substantially the same as the blade
diameter. Instead, with substantially equal diameters the circular
path of the sucker or the like may be somewhat offset relatively to
the circular blade; for example the circular blade may be somewhat
more upstream to increase the pressure of the cutting edge against
the plastics film. Engaging the strip, severing it from the side
flap and leading it out of the path of movement of the bag section
could also be achieved by means of a disc which is heated to the
sealing temperature, rolls on the side flap and is provided with a
scraper, the strip to be severed adhering to the disc and then
being scraped off again by the scraper. In this way the strip is
removed by a fusing rather than a severing operation and the
cutting blade that is provided acts more in the nature of a
depressor rather than a cutting element.
To engage the severed strip and to take it to a depositing station
there may be a conveyor having an inlet in the region of movement
of the sucker or the like.
An example of the invention will now be described with reference to
the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 1 to 3 are respectively a side elevation, cross-section and
plan of that part of a base-forming machine which contains the
equipment for severing a strip of plastics film, and
FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic cross-sectional representations of
two forms of cross-bottom bags having plastics liners, the liner in
FIG. 4 projecting beyond the outer bag material and that in FIG. 5
being flush therewith.
The portion shown in side elevation in FIG. 1 of a base-forming
machine illustrates a strip-severing station which would be located
downstream of a base-opening station (not shown). At the
strip-severing station unfinished bags 5 having an opened-up base
portion 4 are passed through a severing apparatus 1 between
conveyor belts 2 and 3. As will be evident from FIGS. 2 and 3, and
as will also become apparent from the bag sections shown in FIGS. 4
and 5, the bag sections comprise an outer layer 6 which, for
simplicity, is shown as consisting of a single ply of kraft paper,
and a single-ply inner layer 7 (or 7' in FIG. 5) consisting of a
closed tubular plastics film. The outer layer 6 is provided with
longitudinal incisions 8' and the inner layer with longitudinal
incisions 8" which, in the illustrated example, are shown in
registry, but this is not absolutely essential. By means of the
longitudinal incisions, corner folds 9 of the base portion 4 are
partially separated from side flaps 11 and 12 which are intended to
be folded along fold lines 10. The incisions therefore define
rectangular tongue portions 13 and 14 on the side flaps. In the
preferred example of FIGS. 1 to 4, the inner layer of the bag
projects beyond the outer layer by an amount u which is chosen so
that there will be an adequate width for secure adhesion.
At one of the two side flaps, namely that side flap which is to be
turned over last of all, the projecting plastics layer must be
foreshortened relatively to the outer layer by the width of the
adhesive connection. Since opening of the incised bag section to
form the base portion 4 causes at least one of the rectangular
tongue portions to be exposed, foreshortening of the plastics layer
at this position is simple in that it is merely necessary to remove
a longitudinal strip, quite irrespective of the width of the tongue
portion, i.e. almost entirely independently of the overall bag
dimensions.
The severing apparatus 1 is provided for the purpose of such
removal of a longitudinal strip. It comprises a cylindrical suction
and gripper member 17 which is mounted on a hollow shaft 16 and is
driven at a peripheral speed corresponding to the feeding speed at
which the bag sections are translated in the base-forming machine.
The member 17 carries a blade holder 18 having a radially-directed
electrically-heatable circular blade 19 of a diameter equal to the
diameter of the member 17. The cutting edge is formed by a wire
which is bent to a circle and is electrically interrupted at a
circumferential position. The material of the wire has a high
specific electrical resistance and can be heated to high
temperatures which lie well above the melting temperature of the
plastics film to be severed so that momentary contact at very
little pressure causes the plastics film to fuse through.
The circumferentially-interrupted wire 19 can for example be
secured in a wedge-shaped groove of the blade holder under spring
tension, but it may also be pinned to the side of a groove or held
in the groove under tension by applying a radial pull to an
extension of each metal strip in a recess of the blade holder. The
blade holder 18 is made from a heat-resistant
electrically-insulating material. The two ends of the slotted ring
of the blade 19 are connected to slip rings 21 and 22 by conductors
20 which are insulated from one another and from the body of the
cutting apparatus, the slip rings being seated in a round
insulating member 23 on the hollow shaft 16.
The interior of the hollow shaft is connected to a vacuum pump (not
shown) via an intermittently-actuated valve (not shown). The
interior of the shaft communicates with a radial hole 24 extending
to the periphery of the gripper member 17 and consequently the
vacuum is intermittently effective at the periphery of the gripper
member. The diameter of the severing apparatus is selected so that
its circumference is exactly equal to one station length of the
base-forming machine, i.e. exactly equal to the spacing between
successive bag sections passing through the base-forming machine.
The severing apparatus can therefore be driven at a constant speed
and a certain point on the periphery of the cutting apparatus will
always coincide with a certain point on the side flap of successive
bag sections. The drive of the cutting apparatus is therefore set
so that a suction orifice 25 of the cutting apparatus will always
register with the leading end of the side flap.
The valve controlling the application of suction to the suction
orifice is opened just prior to application of the suction orifice
to the side flap so that it is fully open when the suction orifice
meets the side flap and a vacuum can be built up rapidly. By reason
of the electrically heated blade coming into contact with the film
material, the latter is fused along a line and the now severed
leading end is carried along with the suction orifice 25. The part
of the bag section remaining attached to the film is held down by
the upper belt 3. The lower belt 2 gives the necessary
counterpressure so that the heated blade can penetrate through the
plastics material. To ensure removal of the severed strip even when
the film material is tough and a cut has not been effected entirely
through the film, provision may be made as shown in FIG. 1 for an
intermittently-actuated gripper 26 which supplements the action of
the sucker, precedes the suction orifice in the circumferential
direction and closes shortly after the strip to be severed has been
lifted. This gripper 26 clamps the leading end of the strip so
tightly that any remaining connection of the strip to the rest of
the material is torn apart. In the illustrated example, the inlet
27 of a double belt conveyor 28 is provided in association with the
cutting apparatus at a position opposite to that where the cutting
apparatus cuts and contacts the bag section. Just before the
suction orifice reaches the inlet 27, the application of vacuum is
terminated and those parts which were previously subjected to
vacuum are connected to atmospheric pressure. If a gripper is
provided, the latter is opened at the same time as the vacuum is
shut off. The previously retained leading end of the strip is
therefore released and stands up to be engaged by the double belt
conveyor at the inlet 27. Standing up of the leading end of the
strip may be enhanced by cams on the pivotal shaft of the gripper
or by a transfer rake (not shown) which is provided at the inlet 27
and engages in circumferential grooves of the suction and gripper
member 17. The inlet 27 should be circumferentially spaced from the
position at which the strip is to be severed by a distance equal to
the longest strip that is to be severed. This is because reliable
guiding of the strip to be severed during the entire cutting time
can generally be ensured only in that the strip is slung about the
suction and gripper member 17. The conveyor 28 takes the severed
strips to a depositing station where they are collected. Discharge
of the severed strips could alternatively take place with the aid
of a pneumatic conveyor having suction members.
Regardless of whether the inner tubular layer projects to a certain
extent beyond the outer layer (FIGS. 1 to 4) or whether the inner
layer is cut flush with the outer layer (FIG. 5), a strip must be
cut from the last side flap to be turned over and the width of this
strip should be such that the plastics inner layer is foreshortened
relatively to the innermost ply of the outer layer by an amount
equal to the width of the adhesive connection. In the bag section
shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the outer layer is completely screened even
at the base portion from the material with which the bag is to be
filled and the penetration of humidity to the filling material as a
result of the wick effect of the paper of the outer layer is
excluded. This is not the case in the FIG. 5 example but the very
small portions where the outer layer makes contact with the filling
material may be acceptable in certain cases where the manufacturing
advantages of providing a flush cut outweigh the disadvantages in
use.
* * * * *