U.S. patent number 3,926,460 [Application Number 05/488,655] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-16 for locking device for doors.
This patent grant is currently assigned to C. Hager & Sons Hinge Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Francis C. Peterson.
United States Patent |
3,926,460 |
Peterson |
December 16, 1975 |
Locking device for doors
Abstract
A locking device for securing a door includes an air cylinder
set into the floor below the door and this cylinder contains a
piston which moves a locking element between retracted and extended
positions. When in the retracted position, the locking element
permits the door to move, but when in the extended position, the
locking element projects into the bottom of the door, securing the
same. As the piston moves upwardly and approaches its extended
position, the piston uncovers a port in the cylinder so that high
pressure air acting on the piston is directed to a switch which is
connected to a signal at a remote location for indicating that the
locking element is extended. The air cylinder is energized through
a solenoid valve which is also in the floor and is in series with a
door-actuated switch so that the solenoid can only be energized
when the door is closed.
Inventors: |
Peterson; Francis C. (St. Louis
County, MO) |
Assignee: |
C. Hager & Sons Hinge
Manufacturing Company (St. Louis, MO)
|
Family
ID: |
23940586 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/488,655 |
Filed: |
July 15, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
292/144; 292/177;
70/275 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05B
51/02 (20130101); Y10T 292/1021 (20150401); Y10T
292/0999 (20150401); Y10T 70/7051 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E05B
51/00 (20060101); E05B 51/02 (20060101); E05B
051/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;70/264,275
;292/144 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
348,229 |
|
May 1937 |
|
IT |
|
312,545 |
|
Nov 1933 |
|
IT |
|
Primary Examiner: Craig, Jr.; Albert G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Gravely, Lieder & Woodruff
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In combination with a movable closure structure such as a door
and a surrounding structure containing an opening which is blocked
by the closure structure when the closure structure is in its
closed position, an improved locking device for securing the
closure structure in its closed position, said locking device
comprising: a fluid cylinder barrel mounted firmly on one of the
structures and having a bore; a piston in the bore of the barrel
and movable between the ends thereof; a locking element connected
to the piston and projected through one end of the barrel, the
locking element being movable with the piston between retracted and
extended positions, the locking element when in its retracted
position being located beyond the other structure so as not to
obstruct movement of the closure structure, the locking element
when in its extended position being capable of engaging said other
structure to prevent movement of the closure structure away from
its closed position; return means for urging the piston to the
position in which the locking element is in its retracted position;
a fluid line connected to a source of pressurized fluid and to the
barrel for admitting the pressurized fluid to the end of the barrel
so as to cause a force to be applied to the piston in the direction
which moves the locking element to its extended position; an
electrically operated valve in the fluid line to isolate the bore
of the barrel from the source of pressurized fluid so that the
return means will move the locking element to its retracted
position; a pressure sensitive electrical switch communicating with
the bore of the barrel intermediate the ends of the bore, the
location being such that the switch is exposed to and actuated by
pressurized fluid in the barrel when the locking element is in its
extended position but not when it is in its retracted position, the
switch controlling a signal to indicate when the locking element is
extended; and electrical switch means responsive to the position of
the door and connected with the electrically operated valve to
prevent operation of the valve except when the closure structure is
in its closed position, whereby when the bore is supplied with
pressurized fluid through the electrically operated valve, the
locking element will engage said other structure and prevent the
closure structure from leaving its closed position.
2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the pressure
sensitive switch communicates with the bore through a port which
opens into the bore, and the piston moves past the port as the
locking element goes from one of its positions to the other of its
positions.
3. The combination according to claim 2 wherein the port for the
fluid operated valve is exposed to and the pressure sensitive
switch communicates with the bore when the locking element is in
both of its positions, and the port is vented through the ore when
the locking element is in its retracted position.
4. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the electrically
operated valve is a solenoid valve.
5. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the bore of the
barrel is vented at the end thereof which is opposite the end at
which high pressure fluid is introduced.
6. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the locking device
is installed at the bottom of the surrounding structure and the
locking element moves upwardly to engage the door.
7. A locking device for securing a door in a closed position within
a door opening bordered at its bottom by a floor, said locking
device comprising: an air cylinder including a barrel mounted
firmly in the floor and having an upright bore therein which is
vented at its upper end and a port which opens into the bore
intermediate the ends thereof, a piston movable in the bore between
a lower position wherein it is below the port and an upper position
wherein it is above the port, a spring for urging the piston to its
lower position, and a locking rod mounted rigidly on the piston for
movement through the upper end of the barrel, the locking rod being
retracted below the door so as to not obstruct the door when the
piston is in its lower position at the lower end of the bore and
being extended to a height sufficient to engage the door and
prevent the door from moving when the piston is in its upper
position at the upper end of the bore; a solenoid valve connected
to a source of high pressure air and to the lower end of the
cylinder such that when the valve is closed the bore is vented and
when the valve is opened it will direct high pressure air to the
lower end of the bore and cause the piston to rise, whereby the
locking rod will move upwardly to its extended position; a pressure
sensitive electrical switch connected to the port and being
actuated by the pressurized air once the piston rises above the
port, the switch being connected to a signal which is controlled
thereby; and switch means connected with the solenoid valve for
sensing the position of the door and for preventing operation of
the solenoid valve when the door is in any position other than its
closed position, whereby the locking rod when extended will engage
the door and prevent it from moving out of its closed position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to doors and more particularly to
locking devices for doors.
The architectual details of some modern buildings do not lend
themselves to conventional locking devices, especially for doors.
This is particularly true of doors which are almost entirely glass.
In doors of this nature, the glass usually forms a structural
portion of the door and has metal rails along its top and bottom
for accommodating pivot devices, if the door swings between its
open and closed positions, or for following guide rails if the door
slides between its open and closed positions. Often the structure
above the door is also glass and therefore cannot support a locking
device. As a result the locking devices for such doors are often
installed in the floors.
Locking devices installed in floors must be quite durable to
withstand dirt and impacts. They must also be capable of operating
at sub-freezing temperatures and in the presence of ice and snow.
Insofar as remotely controlled locking devices are concerned,
solenoid actuated locking devices tend to freeze in sub-freezing
temperatures and exert extremely low closing forces on the locking
element.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One of the principal objects of the present invention is to provide
a locking device for a door which is suitable for installation in
the floor. Another object is to provide a locking device which may
be used in sub-freezing weather and is not easily jammed with ice
or snow. A further object is to provide an air-operated locking
device capable of providing a signal when it is locked. An
additional object is to provide a locking device of the type stated
which is ideally suited for use with doors made almost entirely of
glass. These and other objects and advantages will become apparent
hereinafter.
The present invention is embodied in a fluid cylinder having an
extensible element which moves in response to high pressure fluid
directed to the cylinder from a solenoid valve. When the extensible
element is extended it will engage and secure a door. The invention
also consists in the parts and in the arrangements and combinations
of parts hereinafter described and claimed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings which form part of the specification
and wherein like numerals and letters refer to like parts wherever
they occur:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a glass door provided with a
locking device constructed in accordance with and embodying the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 2--2 of FIG. 1 with
the door in its closed position and the locking device
retracted;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2;
and
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the air cylinder for the locking
device with the locking rod thereof extended and engaged with the
door.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings, a door D (FIG. 1) normally occupies
a door opening O in a wall W which extends upwardly from a floor F.
The door D swings out of the opening O to permit individuals to
pass through the opening O. A locking device L installed in the
floor F secures the door D in its closed position when the locking
device is energized. The floor F may be poured concrete.
The door D includes a relatively thick pane of tempered glass 2
which fills almost the entire door opening O and hence constitutes
the major portion of the door D. While the upright side edges of
the glass 2 are exposed, the upper and lower edges are encased in
top and bottom rails 4 and 6, respectively, which are made from a
suitable metal.
Embedded in the floor F at one lower corner of the door opening O
is a closure unit 8 (FIG. 1) having a pin 10 which projects
upwardly into the bottom rail 6 and supports the door D. The upper
end of the door D is retained by a top pin 12 which is secured to
the wall and projects downwardly therefrom into the top rail 4. The
two pins 10 and 12 are axially aligned, and that axis is the pivot
axis for the door D. When the door D is closed, it is disposed over
a threshold 14 which is secured firmly to the floor F. The
threshold 14 may be an aluminum extrusion.
The locking device L is disposed within a metal housing 18 which is
embedded in the poured concrete floor F below that end of the
threshold 14 over which the free end of the door D swings. The
sidewalls of the housing 18 extend upwardly above the upper surface
of the floor, which prevents water from draining into the housing
18. The top of the housing 20 is completely covered by the
threshold 14.
The locking device L includes an air cylinder 20 (FIG. 4) having a
barrel 22 which is enlarged at its upper end where it is secured to
the underside of the threshold 14 by two machine screws 24. The
barrel 22 is provided with a bore 26 having an upright axis, and
this bore contains a piston 28 provided with seals 30 which wipe
the surface of the bore 26 as the piston 28 moves axially therein.
The lower end of the barrel 22 is completely closed, but the upper
end is open and is occupied by a piston rod or locking rod 32 which
is attained to the piston 28 and extends upwardly therefrom. When
the piston 28 is at the lower end of the bore 26, the rod 32 is
retracted and its upper end 32 is generally flush with the upper
surface of the threshold 14. In this regard, the threshold 14 has
an aperture for receiving the rod 32. However, when the piston 28
is at the upper end of the bore 26, the rod 32 is extended
substantially beyond the threshold 14 and indeed far enough to
engage the bottom rail 6 of the door D. The bottom rail 6 has a
downwardly opening socket 33 which aligns with the locking rod 32
when the door D is closed, and this socket receives the locking rod
32 when the door D is secured by the locking device L. Above the
bore 26 the barrel 22 contains a plastic seal or packing 34 and
extended between this packing 34 and the piston 28 is a coil
compression spring 36 which encircles the rod 32 and urges the
piston 28 downwardly.
The barrel 22 (FIG. 4) at its lower end is provided with a supply
port 40 which communicates with the lower end of the bore 26. The
upper end of the barrel 22 has a vent port 42 which likewise
communicates with the upper end of the bore 26 above the piston 28
therein. Between the two ports 40 and 42, the barrel 22 has still
another port, namely a sensing port 44 and this port opens directly
out of the side of the bore 26. When the piston 28 is at the lower
end of the bore 26 and the locking rod 32 is fully retracted, the
piston 28 is completely below the sensing port 44 so that the
sensing port 44 and the vent port 42 are in communication through
the bore 26 (FIG. 3). Hence, the sensing port 44 is vented.
However, as the piston 28 moves upwardly through the bore 26 it
passes across the sensing port 44, and when it is near its
uppermost position it uncovers the sensing port 44 and places that
port in communication with supply port 40 (FIG. 4).
The sensing port 44 is connected by means of a short tubing 46 to a
pressure operated microswitch 48 (FIG. 2) so that when the pressure
in the tubing 46 exceeds a prescribed value, the switch 48 will be
actuated. The switch 48 is likewise located in the housing 20, but
it is connected to and controls an alarm or signal device located
remote from the door D. Thus, when pressurized air enters the
supply port 40 and moves the piston 28 past the sensing port 44,
the pressurized air will actuate the switch 48 to signal that the
locking rod 32 is fully extended. The air cylinder 20 is controlled
by a solenoid valve 50 having an inlet port 52 which is connected
to a source of high pressurized air through a high pressure supply
line 53. The valve 50 also has an outlet port 54 which is connected
to the supply port 40 of the air cylinder barrel 22 by a short
connecting tube 56. In addition, the valve has an exhaust port 58
which empties into the space beneath the threshold 14 through a
short tube 60. The solenoid valve 50 is operated by electric
current supplied through lines 62. This enables the valve 50 to be
controlled from a remote location such as the location of the
signal device connected with the pressure operated microswitch
48.
When the solenoid valve 50 is energized by an electric current, the
inlet and outlet ports 52 and 54 are in communication and the
exhaust port 58 is closed. However, when the valve 50 is
de-energized the passage of high pressure air through the valve 50
is blocked immediately beyond the inlet port. Also, the outlet port
54 and the exhaust port 58 are in communication, thus venting the
former.
The solenoid valve 50 is electrically connected with a switch 63
(FIGS. 1 & 2) located in one of the lines 62 and operated by
the door D, with the arrangement being such that valve 50 cannot be
opened while the door D is open. The switch 63, which senses the
position of the door D, may be incorporated into the closer unit 8
as disclosed in application Ser. No. 488,656 of Thomas J. Kleumpers
entitled DOOR CLOSER WITH SWITCH ACTUATED THEREBY, filed
contemporaneously with this application on July 15, 1974. Thus, the
locking rod 32 will extend only if the door D is above the
threshold 14.
The switch 48 and the solenoid 50 are contained within a waterproof
box 64 located within the housing 18.
OPERATION
When the building is in use and it is desired to permit individuals
to pass through the door opening O, the solenoid valve 50 is
isolated from the electrical energy source. As a result, the high
pressure of the air within the supply line 53 does not exist much
beyond the inlet port 52. Moreover, the lower end of the bore 26 in
the barrel 22 of the air cylinder 20 is vented through the supply
port 40 of the barrel 22, the connecting tube 56, and the outlet
and exhaust ports 54 and 58 of the solenoid valve 50. Thus, the
piston 28 by virtue of the force of gravity and the return force
exerted by the spring 36 assumes its lowermost position, and the
upper end of the locking rod 32 is generally flush with the
threshold 14 and clearly out of the socket 33 on the lower rail 6
(FIGS. 2 and 3). Hence, the door D is free to swing about the axis
of the pins 10 and 12.
When it is desired to secure the door D in its closed position to
prevent passage through the door opening O, the solenoid valve 50
is energized from the remote location. In this regard, it should be
noted that because of the door actuated switch, the valve 50 cannot
be actuated until the door D is directly over the threshold in its
closed position. When the valve 50 is energized, it directs high
pressure air from the supply line 53 to the valve outlet port 54
and thence to the supply port 40 of the barrel 22 through the
connecting tube 56. The pressure builds up against the lower face
of the piston 28 within the bore 26 and causes the piston 28 to
rise against the force of the spring 36. The piston 28 moves the
locking rod 32 upwardly and causes it to project into the socket 33
in the bottom rail 6 of the door D (FIG. 4), thus, securing the
door D. As the piston 18 approaches its uppermost position, it
uncovers the sensing port 44 exposing that port to the high
pressure air in the bore 26. This subjects the microswitch 48 to
the high pressure air, and as a result the switch 48 activates the
signal at the remote location, so as to indicate that the locking
rod 32 is extended.
When the solenoid valve 50 is again de-energized, the supply port
40 of the barrel is connected through the valve 50 with the exhaust
port 58 of the valve 50, thus venting the lower end of the bore 26
so that spring 36 forces the locking rod 32 downwardly and out of
the socket 33 of the lower rail 6. This frees the door D so that it
can swing open. The reduction in pressure in the bore 26 opens the
microswitch 48 so that the signal at the remote location changes to
show that the door D is unlocked.
If the building power supply is for some reason cut off, the valve
50 will close and the locking rod 32 will retract, which is all
desirable from a safety standpoint. However, this result can be
avoided by using a battery back-up system for supplying the
electrical energy and a reserve pressure tank for the compressed
air.
If the door frame is strong enough the locking device L may be
installed in the wall W against the lintel of the opening O, in
which case the locking rod 32 would engage the top rail 4 of the
door D. Also, where the door D has a side edge made of some
material other than glass, the socket 33 can be in that side edge
and the locking device can be installed at the door jamb. The
locking device L may even be installed in the door D itself, in
which case the socket 33 would be in the surrounding structure.
When the locking device is installed in the door D, air should be
transmitted into the door preferably through a hinge for the door.
A hinge suitable for this purpose is disclosed in U.S. Pat. NO.
3,872,541.
This invention is intended to cover all changes and modifications
of the example of the invention herein chosen for purposes of the
disclosure which do not constitute departures from the spirit and
scope of the invention.
* * * * *