U.S. patent number 3,920,411 [Application Number 05/430,300] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-18 for aluminum alloy electrical conductor and method for making same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Southwire Company. Invention is credited to Enrique C. Chia, Roger J. Schoerner.
United States Patent |
3,920,411 |
Schoerner , et al. |
* November 18, 1975 |
Aluminum alloy electrical conductor and method for making same
Abstract
Aluminum alloy wire and other articles are produced from
aluminum base alloys containing from about 0.35% to 4% by weight
Cobalt, up to about 2.5% of additional alloying elements, and from
about 93.50% to about 99.65% by weight aluminum. The alloy wire and
other articles have unexpectedly improved physical properties.
Inventors: |
Schoerner; Roger J.
(Carrollton, GA), Chia; Enrique C. (Carrollton, GA) |
Assignee: |
Southwire Company (Carrollton,
GA)
|
[*] Notice: |
The portion of the term of this patent
subsequent to April 30, 1991 has been disclaimed. |
Family
ID: |
26895084 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/430,300 |
Filed: |
January 2, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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199729 |
Nov 17, 1971 |
|
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|
|
54563 |
Jul 13, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
420/550; 164/462;
164/482; 148/437; 420/551 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B21C
37/04 (20130101); C22C 21/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B21C
37/04 (20060101); B21C 37/00 (20060101); C22C
21/00 (20060101); B21C 001/00 (); C22F
001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;75/138-148
;29/193,183,183.5,527.7 ;148/2,3,11.5A,32 ;164/76 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dean; R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wilks; Van C. Hanegan; Herbert M.
Tate; Stanely L.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 199,729, filed
11-17-71, now abandoned, which in turn is a division of application
Ser. No. 54,563 filed July 13, 1970, now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. Aluminum alloy electrical conductor having a minimum
conductivity of 58% IACS consisting essentially of from about 0.35
to about 4.0 weight percent cobalt, from about 0.1 to about 2.5
weight percent iron, the remainder being aluminum with associated
trace elements, said aluminum alloy electrical conductor having the
following properties when measured as a No. 10 A.W.G. fully
annealed wire: Tensile strength 12,000 - 24,000 psi Elongation: 12%
- 30% Yield strength: 8,000 - 18,000 psi.
2. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 1
further including an additional alloying element selected from the
group consisting of magnesium, copper, silicon, zirconium, niobium,
tantalum, yttrium, scandium, thorium, carbon, rare earth metals,
and mixtures thereof, the combined weight percentage of said
additional alloying elements not to exceed about 1.75 weight
percent.
3. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 1
hwerein the aluminum content ranges from about 93.5 to about 99.45
weight percent.
4. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 1
wherein the weight percentage of cobalt ranges from 0.45 to about
2%, the weight percentage of iron ranges from 0.1 to about
1.5%.
5. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 1
including an additional alloying element selected from the group
consisting of magnesium, copper, silicon, and mixtures thereof, the
combined weight percentage of alloying elements not exceeding about
1%.
6. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 5
includes magnesium as an additional alloying element in an amount
up to about 0.16 weight percent.
7. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 5
wherein the additional alloying element is copper in an amount up
to about 0.40 weight percent.
8. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 5
wherein the additional alloying element is silicon in an amount up
to about 0.30 weight percent.
9. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 1
wherein cobalt is present in a weight percentage of from about 0.50
to about 1.5%.
10. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 1
consisting essentially of about 0.8% by weight cobalt and about
0.8% by weight iron.
11. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 5
wherein the weight percentages of the constituents are as
follows:
12. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 5
wherein the weight percentages of the constituents are as
follows:
13. Aluminum alloy electrical conductor having a minimum
conductivity of 58% IACS consisting essentially of from about 0.35
to about 4.0 weight percent cobalt, from about 0.1 to about 2.5
weight percent iron, the remainder being aluminum with associated
trace elements, said aluminum alloy electrical conductor having the
following properties when measured as a fully annealed wire:
14. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 13
wherein said conductor is in the form of a rod.
15. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 13
wherein said conductor is in the form of a wire.
16. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 3
further including an additional alloying element selected from the
group consisting of magnesium, copper, silicon and mixtures
thereof; the combined weight percentage of the additional alloying
elements not to exceed about 1.75% weight percentage.
17. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 13
wherein the weight percentage of cobalt ranges from 0.45 to about
2% and the weight percentage of iron ranges from 0.1 to about
1.5%.
18. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 16
wherein the weight percentages of the constituents are as
follows:
19. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 16
wherein the weight percentages of the constituents are as
follows:
20. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 13
wherein cobalt is present in a weight percentage of from about 0.50
to about 1.5%.
21. The aluminum alloy electrical conductor according to claim 13
consisting essentially of about 0.8% by weight cobalt and about
0.8% by weight iron.
22. Method of preparing an aluminum alloy conductor having a
minimum conductivity of at least 58% IACS comprising the steps
of:
A. alloying from about 0.35 to about 4.0 weight percent cobalt with
about 0.1 to about 2.5 weight percent iron, the remainder being
aluminum with associated trace elements;
B. casting the alloy in a moving mold formed between a groove in
the periphery of a rotating casting wheel and a metal belt lying
adjacent said groove for a portion of its length;
C. hot rolling the cast alloy substantially immediately after
casting while the cast alloy is in substantially that condition as
cast to form a continuous rod;
said aluminum alloy conductor having the following properties as a
fully annealed wire:
23. The method in according to claim 22 including the further step
of drawing said conductor through wire-drawing dies, without
annealing the conductor between drawing dies, to form wire.
24. The method according to claim 22 wherein the alloying step also
includes the addition of alloying elements selected from the group
consisting of magnesium, copper, silicon and mixtures thereof, in
amounts sufficient to yield said alloy wherein the combined weight
percentage of the additional alloying elements not to exceed about
1.75 weight percent.
25. The method according to claim 22 wherein the alloying step
comprises the addition of cobalt and iron to yield an alloy
consisting essentially of about 0.8% by weight cobalt and about
0.8% by weight iron.
26. The method according to claim 22 wherein magnesium is added as
an additional alloying element to yield an alloy having the
following weight percentages:
27. The method according to claim 22 wherein magnesium is added as
an additional alloying element to yield an alloy having the
following weight percentages:
28. The method according to claim 23 wherein said wire has the
following properties when measured as a No. 10 A.W.G. fully
annealed wire:
Description
The present invention concerns an aluminum base alloy especially
suited for producing high strength lightweight products including
wire, rod and other articles of manufacture. The present alloy is
particularly well suited for use as a wire or cable for conducting
electricity.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new aluminum
base alloy with improved properties or an improved combination of
properties selected from yield strength, ultimate tensile strength,
percent ultimate elongation, ductility, fatigue resistance and
creep resistance as compared to conventional aluminum alloys of
similar electrical properties. It has been found that the present
alloy yields products with a brighter metal finish than that
obtained with conventional alloys. This and other objects, features
and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a
consideration of the following detailed description of one
embodiment of the invention.
The present invention will be disclosed by reference to an aluminum
alloy, electrically conductive, wire and a method for its
preparation. It should be understood, however, that the present
alloy may find uses in other articles of manufacture.
In accordance with the invention, the present aluminum base alloy
is prepared by mixing Cobalt and optionally other alloying elements
with aluminum in a furnace to obtain a melt having requisite
percentages of elements. It has been found that suitable results
are obtained with Cobalt being present in a weight percentage of
about 0.35% to about 4%. Superior results are achieved when Cobalt
is present in a weight percentage of 0.45% to about 2% and
particularly superior and preferred results are obtained when
Cobalt is present in a percentage by weight of about 0.50 to about
1.50%.
The aluminum content of the present alloy may vary from about 93.50
to about 99.65% by weight with superior results being obtained when
the aluminum content varies between 96.25 and 99.45% by weight.
Particularly superior and preferred results are achieved when the
aluminum content varies between 97.0% and 99.40% by weight. If
commercial aluminum is employed in preparing the present melt, it
is preferred that the aluminum, prior to adding to melt in the
furnace, contain no more 0.1% total of trace impurities.
Optionally the present alloy may contain an additional alloying
element or group of alloying elements. The total concentration of
the optional alloying elements may be up to 2.50% by weight;
preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.75% by weight is employed.
Particularly superior and preferred results are obtained when 0.1%
to about 1.5% by weight of total additional alloying elements is
employed. Additional alloying elements include the following:
ADDITIONAL ALLOYING ELEMENTS ______________________________________
Magnesium Yttrium Dysprosium Iron Scandium Terbium Nickel Thorium
Erbium Copper Tin Neodymium Silicon Molybdenum Indium Zirconium
Zinc Boron Cerium Tungsten Thallium Niobium Chromium Rubidium
Hafnius Bismuth Titanium Lanthanum Antimony Carbon Tantalum
Vanadium Cesium Rhenium ______________________________________
Particularly superior and preferred results are obtained with the
following additional alloying elements in the percentages, by
weight, as shown:
PREFERRED ADDITIONAL ALLOYING ELEMENTS
______________________________________ Magnesium 0.01 to 1.0 % Iron
0.1 to 2.50% Nickel 0.05 to 2.50% Copper 0.05 to 2.50% Silicon 0.05
to 1.0 % Zirconium 0.01 to 1.0 % Niobium 0.01 to 2.0 % Tantalum
0.01 to 2.0 % Yttrium 0.01 to 1.0 % Scandium 0.01 to 1.0 % Thorium
0.01 to 1.0 % Rare Earth Metals 0.01 to 2.50 % Carbon 0.01 to 1.0 %
______________________________________
The rare earth metals may be present either individually within the
percentage range or as a partial or total group, the total
percentage of the group being within the percentage range.
It should be understood that the additional alloying elements may
be present either individually or as a group of two or more of the
elements. It should be understood, however, that if two or more of
the additional alloying elements are employed, the total
concentration of additional alloying elements should not exceed
2.50% by weight.
After preparing the melt, the aluminum alloy may be continuously
cast into a continuous bar by a continuous casting machine and
then, substantially immediately thereafter, hot-worked in a rolling
mill to yield a continuous aluminum alloy rod.
One example of a continuous casting and rolling operation capable
of producing continuous rod as specified in this application is
contained in the following paragraphs. It should be understood that
other methods of preparation may be employed. Such other methods
include conventional extrusion and hydrostatic extrusion to obtain
rod or wire directly, sintering an aluminum alloy powder to obtain
rod or wire directly, casting rod or wire directly from a molten
aluminum alloy, and conventional casting of aluminum alloy billets
which are subsequently hot-worked to rod and drawn into wire.
CONTINUOUS CASTING AND ROLLING OPERATION
A continuous casting machine serves as a means for solidifying the
molten aluminum alloy metal to provide a cast bar that is conveyed
in substantially the condition in which it solidified from the
continuous casting machine to the rolling mill, which serves as a
means for hot-forming the cast bar into rod or another hot-formed
product in a manner which imparts substantial movement to the cast
bar along a plurality of angularly disposed axes.
The continuous casting machine is of conventional casting wheel
type having a casting wheel with a casting groove in its periphery
which is partially closed by an endless belt supported by the
casting wheel and an idler pulley. The casting wheel and the
endless belt cooperate to provide a mold into one end of which
molten metal is poured to solidify and from the other end of which
the cast bar is emitted in substantially that condition in which it
solidified.
The rolling mill is of conventional type having a plurality of roll
stands arranged to hot-form the cast bar by a series of
deformations. The continuous casting machine and the rolling mill
are positioned relative to each other so that the cast bar enters
the rolling mill substantially immediately after solidification and
in substantially that condition in which it solidified. In this
condition, the cast bar is at a hot-forming temperature within the
range of temperatures for hot-forming the cast bar at the
initiation of hot-forming without heating between the casting
machine and the rolling mill. In the event that it is desired to
closely control the hot-forming temperature of the cast bar within
the conventional range of hot-forming temperatures, means for
adjusting the temperature of the cast bar may be placed between the
continuous casting machine and the rolling mill without departing
from the inventive concept disclosed herein.
The roll stands each include a plurality of rolls which engage the
cast bar. The rolls of each roll stand may be two or more in number
and arranged diametrically opposite from one another or arranged at
equally spaced positions about the axis of movement of the cast bar
through the rolling mill. The rolls of each roll stand of the
rolling mill are rotated at a predetermined speed by a power means
such as one or more electric motors and the casting wheel is
rotated at a speed generally determined by its operating
characteristics. The rolling mill serves to hot-form the cast bar
into a rod of a cross-sectional area substantially less than that
of the cast bar as it enters the rolling mill.
The peripheral surfaces of the rolls of adjacent roll stands in the
rolling mill change in configuration; that is, the cast bar is
engaged by the rolls of successive roll stands with surfaces of
varying configuration, and from different directions. This varying
surface engagement of the cast bar in the roll stands function to
knead or shape the metal in the cast bar in such a manner that it
is worked at each roll stand and also to simultaneously reduce and
change the cross-sectional area of the cast bar into that of the
rod.
As each roll stand engages the cast bar, it is desirable that the
cast bar be received with sufficient volume per unit of time at the
roll stand for the cast bar to generally fill the space defined by
the rolls of the roll stand so that the rolls will be effective to
work the metal in the cast bar. However, it is also desirable that
the space defined by the rolls of each roll stand not be overfilled
so that the cast bar will not be forced into the gaps between the
rolls. Thus, it is desirable that the rod be fed toward each roll
stand at a volume per unit of time which is sufficient to fill, but
not overfill, the space defined by the rolls of the roll stand.
As the cast bar is received from the continuous casting machine, it
usually has one large flat surface corresponding to the surface of
the endless band and inwardly tapered side surfaces corresponding
to the shape of the groove in the casting wheel. As the cast bar is
compressed by the rolls of the roll stands, the cast bar is
deformed so that it generally takes the cross-sectional shape
defined by the adjacent peripheries of the rolls of each roll
stand.
Thus, it will be understood that with this apparatus, cast aluminum
alloy rod of an infinite number of different lengths is prepared by
simultaneous casting of the molten aluminum alloy and hot-forming
or rolling the cast aluminum bar.
The continuous rod produced by the casting and rolling operation is
then processed in a reduction operation designed to produce
continuous wire of various gauges. The unannealed rod (i.e., as
rolled to f temper) is cold-drawn through a series of progressively
constricted dies, without intermediate anneals, to form a
continuous wire of desired diameter. At the conclusion of this
drawing operation, the alloy wire will have an excessively high
tensile strength and an unacceptably low ultimate elongation, plus
a low conductivity. The wire is then annealed or partially annealed
to obtain a desired tensile strength and cooled. At the conclusion
of the annealing operation, it is found that the annealed alloy
wire has the properties of improved tensile strength and yield
strength together with unexpectedly improved percent ultimate
elongation and surprisingly increased ductility and fatigue
resistance as specified previously in this application. The
annealing operation may be continuous as in resistance annealing,
induction annealing, convection annealing by continuous furnaces or
radiation annealing by continuous furnaces, or, preferably, may be
batch annealed in a batch furnace. When continuously annealing,
temperatures of about 450.degree. to about 1,200.degree.F may be
employed with annealing times of about 5 minutes to about 1/10,000
of a minute. Generally, however, continuous annealing temperatures
and times may be adjusted to meet the requirements of the
particular overall processing operation so long as the desired
tensile strength is achieved. In a batch annealing operation, a
temperature of approximately 400.degree. to about 750.degree. F is
employed with residence times of about 30 minutes to about 24
hours. As mentioned with respect to continuous annealing, in batch
annealing the times and temperatures may be varied to suit the
overall process so long as the desired tensile strength is
obtained.
It has been found that the properties of a Number 10 gauge
(American wire gauge) soft wire of the present alloy vary between
the following figures:
Tensile % Yield Conductivity Strength, psi. Elongation Strength,
psi. ______________________________________ 50% - 63+%
12,000-24,000 12% - 30% 8,000-18,000
______________________________________
A more complete understanding of the invention will be obtained
from the following examples:
EXAMPLE NO. 1
Various melts are prepared by adding the required amount of
alloying elements to 1816 grams of molten aluminum, containing less
than 0.1% trace element impurities, to achieve a percentage
concentration of elements as shown; the remainder being aluminum.
Graphite crucibles are used except in those cases where the
alloying elements are known carbide formers, in which cases
aluminum oxide crucibles are used. The melts are held for
sufficient times and at sufficient temperatures to allow complete
solubility of the alloying element or elements with the base
aluminum. An argon atmosphere is provided over the melt to prevent
oxidation. Each melt is continuously cast on a continuous casting
machine and immediately hot-rolled through a rolling mill to 3/8
inch continuous rod. Wire is then drawn from the rod in both the
as-rolled condition (hard rod) and after being annealed for five
hours at 650.degree.F (soft rod). The final wire diameter obtained
is 0.107 inches, 10 gauge AWG. Wire from each type rod is tested in
both the as-drawn condition (hard wire) and after being annealed
for five hours at 650.degree.F (soft wire).
The types of alloys employed and the results of the tests performed
thereon are as follows: n
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
CO Fe Mg Ni HR SR HW-HR HW-SR SW-HR SW-SR Properties
__________________________________________________________________________
.10 3.4 33.7 1.2 1.7 37.5 34.5 % Elong. .10 19,575 11,137 27,735
23,900 12,100 11,290 UTS .10 62.75 63.34 62.42 63.14 62.25 63.23 %
__________________________________________________________________________
IACS .80 .80 .08 2.1 25.5 2.0 2.5 17.8 24.5 31,450 19,400 38,040
34,045 19,790 18,978 58.38 59.63 58.03 58.79 59.76 59.98
__________________________________________________________________________
.80 .08 .80 2.1 27.5 1.7 25.1 29,400 15,900 34,700 15,870 62.62
60.06 59.56 60.47
__________________________________________________________________________
.60 3.9 33.2 1.7 2.0 29.2 31.5 23,265 13,341 31,249 28,280 14,865
13,000 62.19 62.43 61,70 62.20 62.83 62.38
__________________________________________________________________________
.80 4.7 25.0 2.5 2.4 30.1 31.8 25,215 15,272 31,886 30,580 16,445
15,090 60.92 60.66 60.96 61.45 62.0 61.53
__________________________________________________________________________
1.0 3.8 33.2 2.0 1.3 33.0 27.7 23,953 14,933 31,832 28,912 16,100
14,300 62.38 62.11 61.22 61.53 62.19 61.93
__________________________________________________________________________
.80 .80 4.3 22.0 3.0 3.0 21.0 22.0 27,800 18,340 31,700 27,450
17,590 15,750 59.01 61.42 58.37 59.88 60.48 60.63
__________________________________________________________________________
1.0 .80 3.3 20.1 4.2 2.3 25.0 27.7 28,150 17,875 32,135 26,685
17,200 16,275 58.58 59.90 58.37 59.29 59.86 60.06
__________________________________________________________________________
.80 .80 .10 1.1 14.5 3.4 2.0 20.5 24.5 34,395 19,650 40,360 36,700
20,280 19,240 57.56 59.38 56.80 58.07 59.02 59.33
__________________________________________________________________________
.40 .80 .10 .40 2.8 20.0 2.0 2.5 22.9 24.5 30,340 17,110 37,935
32,500 18,350 17,245 59.19 60.65 58.64 59.66 60.65 60.72
__________________________________________________________________________
.30 .10 .90 1.2 21.0 2.2 2.3 22.7 23.0 29,400 16,040 40,530 33,300
17,450 16,700 59.34 59.75 58.14 58.81 59.95 60.01
__________________________________________________________________________
.80 .10 3.2 19.4 2.0 2.0 21.5 26.1 28,650 16.720 41,200 34,580
18,250 16,390 59.89 60.32 59.32 59.93 60.99 60.80
__________________________________________________________________________
HR = Hard Rod SR = Soft Rod HW-HR = Hard wire drawn from Hard Rod
HW-SR = Hard Wire drawn from Soft Rod SW-HR = Soft Wire drawn from
Hard Rod SW-SR = Soft Wire drawn from Soft Rod % Elong. = Percent
ultimate elongation UTS = Ultimate Tensile Strength % IACS =
Conductivity in Percentage IACS Soft wire and soft rod are the
fully annealed forms of the products.
EXAMPLE NO. 2
An additional alloy melt is prepared according to Example No. 1 so
that the composition is as follows in weight percent: Cobalt 0.60%
Iron 1.10% Magnesium 0.15% Aluminum Remainder
The melt is processed to a No. 10 gauge soft wire from hard rod.
The physical properties of the wire are as follows:
Ultimate Tensile Strength 21,440 psi Percent Ultimate Elongation
18.50% Conductivity 58.05% IACS
EXAMPLE NO. 3
An additional alloy melt is prepared according to Example No. 1 so
that the composition is as follows in weight percent:
Cobalt 0.80% Misch Metal 1.0% Aluminum Remainder
Misch metal is a commercial designation for a blend of rare earth
metals and Thorium obtained during the processing of Thorium
metal.
The melt is processed to a No. 10 gauge soft wire from hard rod.
The physical properties of the wire are as follows:
Ultimate Tensile Strength 18,000 psi Percent Ultimate Elongation
20% Conductivity 59.2% IACS
EXAMPLE NO. 4
An additional alloy melt is prepared according to Example No. 1 so
that the composition is as follows in weight percent:
Cobalt 0.80% Niobium 0.30% Tantalum 0.30% Aluminum Remainder
The melt is processed to a No. 10 gauge soft wire from hard rod.
The physical properties of the wire are as follows:
Ultimate Tensile Strength 19,280 psi Percent Ultimate Elongation
20% Conductivity 58.6 IACS
EXAMPLE NO. 5
An additional alloy melt is prepared according to Example No. 1 so
that the composition is as follows in weight percent:
Cobalt 0.80% Copper 0.40% Silicon 0.30% Aluminum Remainder
The melt is processed to a No. 10 gauge soft wire from hard rod.
The physical properties of the wire are as follows:
Ultimate Tensile Strength 16,700 psi Percent Ultimate Elongation
19.5% Conductivity 59.8% IACS
EXAMPLE NO. 6
An additional alloy melt is prepared according to Example No. 1 so
that the composition is as follows in weight percent:
Cobalt 0.80% Zirconium 0.60% Aluminum Remainder
The melt is processed to a No. 10 gauge soft wire from hard rod.
The physical properties of the wire are as follows:
Ultimate Tensile Strength 18,300 psi Percent Ultimate Elongation
19.5% Conductivity 58.6% IACS
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES
Additional alloy melts are prepared according to Example No. 1. The
composition and the physical properties of No. 10 gauge soft wire
from hard rod of the alloy melts are as follows:
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
% % IACS Example No. Co Fe Mg UTS in psi Elongation Conductivity
__________________________________________________________________________
1171 1.0 -- -- 16,420 26.6 61.28 1172 1.2 -- -- 16,355 28.8 61.00
1174 .8 -- .1 17,615 27.3 60.71 1175 .8 -- .15 17,480 24.7 60.68
1176 .8 .5 -- 17,430 24.7 60.68 1177 .8 .5 .1 17,410 24.8 60.43
1180 .6 -- .19 16,910 25.8 60.60 1181 .6 -- .24 17,830 26.8 60.32
1182 .7 -- .21 17,845 25.7 60.27 1183 .8 .3 -- 17,785 26.6 61.65
1184 .8 .5 -- 17,700 28.0 61.54 1185 .6 .9 -- 18,485 23.7 60.76
1186 .8 .9 -- 17,930 26.5 59.97 1187 .4 1.1 -- 19,355 19.8 60.19
1188 .6 1.1 -- 20,400 17.5 59.87 1196 .2 1.1 -- 18,515 20.5 60.41
1197 .4 .9 -- 17,495 22.4 60.40 1198 .4 1.1 -- 18,695 21.5 60.02
1199 .6 .9 -- 18,975 20.3 60.99 1200 .2 .7 .1 17,775 22.8 60.83
1201 .6 .9 .1 20,898 20.7 59.15 1215 .8 -- .05 17,010 29.5 61.61
1216 .8 Graphite .05 17,635 27.3 61.84 .01 1218 .8 -- .1 18,260
25.0 60.90 1219 .8 .53 -- 17,180 29.2 61.62 1220 .8 .4 -- 17,480
29.0 61.31 1221 .8 .5 .051 18,965 26.4 61.28 1223 1.4 -- -- 16,050
31.0 61.55 1224 .8 Graphite .075 17,745 22.5 61.35 .1 1227 .8 .5
.05 18,785 17.1 60.72 1228 .8 .5 .2 17,140 27.2 60.56 1231 .8 --
.05 17,100 23.3 61.45 1233 .8 -- .1 17,621 25.3 60.96 1235 .8 --
.15 18,420 25.7 60.49 1237 .7 .5 -- 17,030 24.5 61.49 1238 .8 .7 --
17,295 26.4 60.96 1239 .6 .5 .05 17,975 22.7 61.29 1240 .8 .3 .05
17,630 23.3 61.25 1271 .77 -- .19 18,800 23.5 59.87 1265 .89 -- .13
18,926 18.5 60.07 1293 1.40 .49 -- 17,120 24.5 59.52 1313 .20 1.10
.12 17,400 24.2 60.01 1316 .22 .96 .15 17,425 22.0 59.92 1317 .23
1.20 .14 18,333 23.7 59.47 1321 .43 .70 .054 17,200 26.5 61.12 1322
.40 1.05 .05 17,830 22.0 60.12 1325 .40 .68 .10 17,792 25.5 60.44
1326 .42 .84 .98 18,248 23.7 60.22 1327 .38 1.10 .11 19,004 25.2
59.52 1328 .42 .35 .15 17,000 24.0 60.88 1329 .41 .50 .16 17,000
24.0 60.47 1330 .44 .70 .16 18,100 25.0 59.80 1331 .42 .91 .16
18,690 22.0 60.51 1343 .33 .95 Ni.54 20,875 16.4 49.90 1.Hf 1355
.62 1.10 .15 20,990 12.5 58.05
__________________________________________________________________________
Through testing and analysis of an alloy containing 0.80 Cobalt and
the remainder Aluminum, it has been found that the present aluminum
base alloy after cold working includes an intermetallic compound
precipitate. The compound is identified as Cobalt aluminate
(Co.sub.2 Al.sub.9). This intermetallic compound is found to be
very stable and especially so at high temperatures. The compound
also has a low tendency to coalesce during annealing of products
formed from the alloy and the compound is generally incoherent with
the aluminum matrix. The mechanism of strengthening for this alloy
is in part due to the dispersion of the intermetallic compound as a
precipitate throughout the aluminum matrix. The precipitate tends
to pin dislocation sites which are created during cold working of
products formed from the alloy. Upon examination of the
intermetallic compound precipitate in a cold drawn product, it is
found that the precipitates are oriented in the direction of
drawing. In addition, it found, when examining a No. 10 gauge wire,
that the precipitates are rod-like in configuration and a majority
are one-fourth to one-half microns long and about one-eighth micron
in diameter. The precipitates may also be spherical or plate-like.
The cell size in this tested sample of wire is approximately 1/2 to
1 micron in cross-section.
Other intermetallic compounds may also be formed depending upon the
constituents of the melt and the relative concentrations of the
alloying elements. Those intermetallic compounds include the
following: NiAl.sub.3, Ni.sub.2 Al.sub.3, NgCoAl, FeAl.sub.3,
Fe.sub.2 Al.sub.5, Co.sub.4 Al.sub.13, CeAl.sub.4, CeAl.sub.2,
VAl.sub.11, VAl.sub.7, VAl.sub.6, VAl.sub.3, WAl.sub.12, Zr.sub.3
Al, Zr.sub.2 Al, LaAl.sub.4, LaAl.sub.2.
For the purpose of clarity, the following terminology used in this
application is explained as follows:
Aluminum alloy rod product -- A solid product that is long in
relation to its cross-section. Rod normally has a cross-section of
between three inches and 0.375 inches.
Aluminum alloy wire product -- a Solid wrought product that is long
in relation to its cross-section, which is square or rectangular
with sharp or rounded corners or edges, or is round, a regular
hexagon or a regular octagon, and whose diameter or greatest
perpendicular distance between parallel faces is between 0.374
inches and 0.0031 inches.
While this invention has been described in detail with particular
reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood
that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit
and scope of the invention as described hereinbefore and as defined
in the appended claims.
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