U.S. patent number 3,918,564 [Application Number 05/405,926] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-11 for method and apparatus for use in an inductive sensor coin selector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mars, Inc.. Invention is credited to Fred P. Heiman, Gerhard Herzog.
United States Patent |
3,918,564 |
Heiman , et al. |
November 11, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Method and apparatus for use in an inductive sensor coin
selector
Abstract
A method and apparatus for use in an inductive sensor coin
selector in which the acceptability of a coin is dependent upon a
function of an examination of the output of an inductor in the
absence of coins and an examination of the output of the inductor
in the presence of the coin.
Inventors: |
Heiman; Fred P. (Delran,
NJ), Herzog; Gerhard (Lugano, CH) |
Assignee: |
Mars, Inc. (McLean,
VA)
|
Family
ID: |
10443977 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/405,926 |
Filed: |
October 12, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Oct 12, 1972 [GB] |
|
|
47164/72 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
194/318 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07D
5/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G07F
7/00 (20060101); G07D 5/08 (20060101); G07F
7/02 (20060101); G07D 5/00 (20060101); G07C
5/00 (20060101); G07F 003/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;209/111.6,81R,81A
;73/163 ;194/97R,1R,1A,1K,DIG.15 ;324/41R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Rolla; Joseph J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Davis, Hoxie, Faithfull &
Hapgood
Claims
We claim:
1. A method for examining coins with respect to authenticity
including the steps of
producing an alternating magnetic field,
subjecting a coin to the field,
producing a first signal having a quality representative of the
degree of interaction of the coin with the field,
determining a first value of said quality at a time when no coin is
in the presence of the field,
determining a second value of said quality at another time when the
coin is in the presence of the field,
producing a second signal having a value representative of a
function which is dependent upon both the first value and the
second value, and
comparing the value representative of the function for the coin
with a value representative of the function for an acceptable
coin.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the value representative of the
function is the arithmetic difference between the first and second
values.
3. A method for examining coins with respect to authenticity
including the steps of
producing an alternating magnetic field,
subjecting a coin to the field,
producing a first signal having a quality representative of the
degree of interaction of the coin with the field.
determining a first value of said quality at a time when no coin is
in the presence of the field,
determining a second value of said quality at another time when the
coin is in the presence of the field storing one of the values,
producing a second signal having a value representative of a
function which is dependent upon both the first value and the
second value, and
comparing the value representative of the function for the coin
with a value representative of the function for an acceptable
coin.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the value representative of the
function is the arithmetic difference between the first and second
values.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the quality representative of the
degree of interaction is the frequency of the magnetic field.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first and second values of the
quality are each produced by counting the pulses of the field
frequency, further including the step of storing one of said values
for use in producing the second signal.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein values representative of the
function for the coin are produced throughout the period during
which the coin is subjected to the field further including the step
of determining whether the coin is acceptable only if the largest
of said values is within predetermined limits for acceptable coins
of a given denomination.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the value representative of the
function is the arithmetic difference between the first and second
values.
9. The method of claim 3 wherein the quality representative of the
degree of interaction is the frequency of the magnetic field.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the first and second values of
the quality are each produced by counting the pulses of the field
frequency, further including the step of storing one of said values
for use in producing the second signal.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein values representative of the
function for the coin are produced throughout the period during
which the coin is subjected to the field further including the step
of determining whether the coin is acceptable only if the largest
of said values is within predetermined limits for acceptable coins
of a given denomination.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the value representative of the
function is the arithmetic difference between the first and second
values.
13. The method of claim 3 wherein values representative of the
function for the coin are produced throughout the period during
which the coin is subjected to the field further including the step
of determining whether the coin is acceptable only if the largest
of said values is within predetermined limits for acceptable coins
of a given denomination.
14. Apparatus for examining coins with respect to authenticity
including
inductor means for subjecting a coin to an alternating magnetic
field,
means for producing a first signal having a quality representative
of the degree of interaction of the coin with the field,
means for storing a first value of the quality of the first signal
determined when no coin is in the presence of the field,
function generator means connected to receive the first value and a
second value of the first signal determined when the coin is in the
presence of the field to produce a function of the first and second
values, and
comparator means connected to receive the output of the function
generator means for comparing a value representative of the
function of the coin with a value representative of the function of
an acceptable coin.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 further including a coin passageway
having non-conductive sidewalls between which coins to be examined
pass along a predetermined path and a conductive target, wherein
the inductor is located on one side of the path and the target is
located on the other side of the path opposite the inductor.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the first signal producing
means is an oscillator having the inductor as a frequency
determining component.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the quality of the degree of
interaction of the coin with the field is the frequency of the
first signal.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the function generator means
produces the arithmetic difference between the first and second
values.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 further including a coin track along
which coins to be examined are conducted through the field, a first
non-conductive sidewall on one side of the track to which the
inductor is mounted, a second non-conductive sidewall on the other
side of the track to which a conductive target is mounted opposite
the inductor, the sidewalls being relatively moveable.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the first signal producing
means is an oscillator having the inductor as a frequency
determining component.
21. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the quality of the degree of
interaction of the coin with the field is the frequency of the
first signal.
22. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the function generator means
produces the arithmetic difference between the first and second
values.
23. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the first signal producing
means is an oscillator having the inductor as a frequency
determining component.
24. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the quality of the degree of
interaction of the coin with the field is the frequency of the
first signal.
25. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the function generator means
produces the arithmetic difference between the first and second
values.
26. Apparatus for examining coins with respect to authenticity
including
a coin passageway along which a coin to be examined will pass on a
predetermined path,
an oscillator including an inductor within its frequency
determining circuit which produces a first signal having a
frequency representative of the degree of interaction of the
magnetic field of the inductor with coins within the field,
means for preserving a first value of the frequency of the first
signal determined when no coin is in the field,
function generator means for producing second signal having a value
representative of the difference between the first value of the
first signal and a second value of the frequency of the first
signal determined when the coin is in the field, and
a comparator arranged to compare the value of the second signal
representative of the difference for the coin with a value
representative of the difference for an acceptable coin.
27. The apparatus of claim 26 further including a conductive target
located on the opposite side of the path from the inductor.
Description
We have found in discriminating between coins, tokens and the like
in a coin selector by means of an inductive sensor that practical
improvement in discrimination can be achieved by producing a
function dependent upon both the information produced by the sensor
in the presence of the coin and the information produced by the
sensor at a slightly earlier or later time when no coin is in the
presence of the sensor, and then comparing the value of this
function with values for acceptable coins.
According to the method of our invention, the coin or other object
to be tested is caused to pass along a known path past one or more
poles of an inductor on the one side of the path. The method
further comprises the steps of examining a characteristic of the
inductor output signal in the absence of coins from the presence of
the sensor, examining the same characteristic with a coin in the
presence of the sensor, producing a signal which is a function of
these two examinations, and producing a signal indicative of the
acceptability of the coin tested. As a further development in our
method, at the point where the coin is caused to pass the inductor
on one side of the path, the coin is caused to pass between that
inductor and an electrically conductive target on the other side of
the path.
The method of our invention tends to minimize errors resulting from
shifts in value of the reference standards upon which the coin
examination depends, such as oscillator idling frequency, the
duration of pulse counting periods and the like. The method
employing the step of passing the coin between the sensor and a
target is particularly useful in minimizing errors caused by
variations in the physical position of the sensor relative to the
passageway, as in apparatus, where the sensor is mounted on a
moveable passageway sidewall. Our invention also comprises the
combination of elements of a coin selector apparatus as described
below.
In the drawings:
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a front schematic and a side schematic view
(cutaway along line 2--2 of FIG. 1) of a portion of a coin selector
apparatus according to our invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of our invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diaagram of another embodiment of our
invention.
The figures are intended to be representational and are not
necessarily drawn to scale.
Throughout this specification the term "coin" is intended to mean
genuine coins, tokens, counterfeit coins, slugs, washers, and any
other item which may be used by persons in an attempt to use
coin-operated devices.
In the apparatus of FIG. 2, an inductor 20 having one or more pole
pieces 22 is located on one side of a coin passageway 30. The
passageway 30 is defined by two sidewalls 32 and 34, and a coin
track 36 attached to sidewall 34. Sidewall 32 is fixed to the rest
of the coin discriminator apparatus and sidewall 34, on which
inductor 20 is mounted, is attached to the remainder of the
apparatus by a hinge 35. Sidewall 34 is movable, to permit cleaning
the interior of the passageway 30 and removing of accidentally
jammed coins or objects.
Opposite the inductor 20 embedded in or on the inner surface of the
sidewall 32, on the other side of the passageway 30 from the
inductor 20, is a conductive target 40 such as a thin disc of
copper or other highly conductive material. In the absence of coins
and other objects from the vicinity of the inductor 20 in the
passageway 30, the signal across the inductor terminals is affected
by the presence of target 40. If sidewall 34 varies in position
with respect to sidewall 32, that signal will vary as a function of
the relative locations of the inductor 20 and the target 40.
Details regarding the choice of a suitable inductor 20 and a
circuit in which such an inductor may be used may be found in
British specifications 16538/71 and 8385/72, and U.S. Ser. No.
405,881, filed Oct. 12, 1973, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,137 which is
a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 255,814, filed May 22, 1972
assigned to the assignee of this patent, now abandoned.
In FIG. 3, the inductor 320 is connected to an examining station
circuit 350 in such a manner that the output of the station 350 is
a function of material in the field of the inductor 320. When a
target 340 is located across the passageway 330 from the inductor
320, the output of the station 350 is modified in an amount
dependent upon the relative positions of the sidewalls 332 and 334.
The target 340 need not be included in the apparatus if dependence
upon relative sidewall positions is not desired. The output of the
station 350 is applied to both switching means 362 and 364, as is a
sequence of time pulses from time pulse generator 360. When a coin
examination is in progress, and at all other times except when the
Q output of monostable 361 is producing a pulse, switching means
362 is enabled by the Q output of monostable 361; causing the
output of station 350 to be directed to register 371 for the
duration of the time pulse. Function circuit 385 produces a value
which is a function of the test value which is stored in the
register 371 and of the reference value which was stored in the
register 370 as representative of the output of station 350 when no
coin was present in the apparatus. That signal from the function
circuit 383, which may for example be the arithmetic difference
between counts stored in registers 370 and 371, is transmitted to
the comparison and memory circuit 390. The comparison and memory
circuit 390 contains information regarding values for valid coins
and means for comparing such values with the values received from
the function circuit 383. If the comparison and memory circuit 390
determines that such a received value is within the range for an
acceptable coin, it produces a signal indicative of the fact that
the coin being tested has passed the particular test. Further
information about comparison and memory circuits suitable for use
according to this invention may be found in an application Ser. No.
405,927 filed Oct. 12, 1973 and assigned to the assignee of this
patent.
The reference value stored in register 370 is entered in the same
manner as a test value is entered into register 371. The reference
value is entered into register 370 at three different times under
control of the housekeeping circuit 365, OR gate 366, AND gate 367
and monostable 361. The housekeeping circuit 365 produces signals
which are transmitted via the OR gate 366 and the AND gate 367 to
trigger the monostable 361 as follows: when power is first applied
to the coin selector each time a signal is received that the
machine associated with the coin selector has been instructed to
vend, and every one second. AND gate 367, however, receives a
signal for the duration of the period from when the coin selector
first senses the presence of a coin (arrival) to the departure of
the coin, which inhibits the flow of triggering signals during that
period. As a result, the reference value stored in register 370
will not include values influenced by the presence of a coin in the
vicinity of a sensor. In a variation of this embodiment which is
presently preferred, the reference value is stored when the
housekeeping circuit 365 produces signals either approximately 300
milliseconds after power is first applied to the coin selector or
approximately 300 milliseconds after an acceptable signal with
respect to any denomination is received from a portion of the coin
selector not dependent upon the reference value (e.g. a low
frequency examination), followed by the absence of a coin accept
signal (i.e.: a high frequency reject). The delay, which may be
produced by the use of a counter within the housekeeping circuitry
365 to count pulses from the time pulse generator 360, assures a
sharp, relatively noise-free pulse from the monostable 361 and, in
the second case, assures that the coin leaves the sytem before the
new reference value is entered. As a result, the reference value
stored in register 370 will not include values influenced by the
presence of a coin in the vicinity of a sensor.
In the event that a linear correction such as the one described
above does not provide a satisfactory correction, for example, for
variations in oscillator frequency due to variations in the
relative position of the sidewall 334 with respect to sidewall 332
or other perturbations of the system, the value stored in the
register 371 can be modified by a different mathematical function
dependent upon the count stored in the register 370.
In one form of this embodiment implemented entirely with digital
circuitry, the presence of conductive objects in the field of the
inductor 320 causes a shift in the frequency of an oscillator
comprising the station 350. Such an oscillator circuit is discussed
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,137. The oscillator frequency is measured by
use of precise duration time pulses from the time pulse generator
360 to gate pulses to digital counters comprising the registers 370
and 371. AND gates are employed for the switching means 362 and
364. The reference pulse which is stored is the difference (f-fo)
between the peak frequency in the presence of a coin and the
frequency in the absence of coins.
In another form of this embodiment, analog circuits can be used to
perform at least some of the functions. For example, when the
output of a coin examining station 350 which is indicative of the
coin characteristic of interest is a variable amplitude voltage,
the registers 370 and 371 may each comprise capacitor means for
storing a peak voltage. The information may be converted to digital
form at the output of the registers 370 and 371 or, as may be
preferable in applying a complex function, the logic circuit 383
can be an analog circuit and its output can be converted to a
digital signal for transmission to a digital memory system 390.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a digital circuit embodiment of the
present invention. The inductor 420 and oscillator 450 and coin
passageway details (not shown) may correspond to those of the
embodiment of FIG. 3. A timing pulse generating means 460 drives a
flipflop 461 with a precision duration pulse via AND gate 463. In
the example shown, the flipflop 461 is triggered at the end of each
precision pulse period.
In the initial idling frequency monitoring mode of operation the
flipflop 461 directs the output of the oscillator alternately to
counter 470 or counter 471 for the precision pulse period, for
example 1 millisecond. AND gates 462 and 464 are employed to switch
the oscillator output between the counters and AND gates 466 and
468 are used to define the duration of the counting periods.
When no coin is in the vicinity of the inductor 420, one of the
counters 470 and 471 stores a value representative of the output
frequency of the oscillator 450, while the other is measuring the
oscillator output signal. When the coin selector apparatus detects
the arrival of a coin within the apparatus by arrival/departure
detecting means 455, the details of which are not a part of this
invention, an arrival signal is directed to AND gate 463 to inhibit
that gate and stop the alternation between counters of the
oscillator output signal. Instead, one of the counters 470 or 471
remains connected to receive and count the oscillator output signal
for the precision pulse period, while the other continues to store
the last count value, stored prior to the arrival signal. This
stored value is representative of the idling frequency of the
oscillator 450 just prior to the coin examination which is to
follow. Alternatively, the idling frequency can be determined in
the manner described for the apparatus of FIG. 3.
When the coin enters the field of the inductor, the oscillator
frequency increases. During each subsequent precision pulse period,
the comparison means 473 sets the flipflop 485 as soon as the pulse
count of the frequency increases above the pulse count stored as
representative of the idling frequency, and thereby activates AND
gate 489. All of the remaining pulses from the oscillator 450
during that period are transmitted via OR gate 487 and AND gate 489
to the memory system 490 for comparison with information stored
there regarding acceptable coins.
Following the end of each precision pulse period, during a brief
interlude prior to the start of the next precision pulse period, a
reset pulse is produced on lead 479 from the pulse generating means
460. It resets flipflop 485 and appropriate elements in the memory
system 490. The reset pulse is also applied to gates 476 and 478,
one of which is enabled by a signal from the flipflop 461 which
controls which of the counters 470 or 471 is to count in the next
period, causing only that counter to be reset.
When the coin departs from the coin selector apparatus, the arrival
signal from the arrival/departure sensing means 455 ceases, AND
gate 463 is no longer inhibited, and the apparatus returns to the
idling frequency monitoring mode of operation.
* * * * *