U.S. patent number 3,918,435 [Application Number 05/436,223] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-11 for transport swab tube.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Miles Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to Glenn Lee Beall, Fred K. White.
United States Patent |
3,918,435 |
Beall , et al. |
November 11, 1975 |
Transport swab tube
Abstract
Transport swab tube apparatus is described capable of storing
and transporting to a clinical laboratory a swab containing a
microorganism sample and a suitable preservative medium. The
apparatus comprises in combination an outer tube container having a
removable sealing cap, a hollow tubular swab member having a
bibulous swab material at one end and a liquid storage receptacle
at its other end, and wherein the liquid storage receptacle and the
swab member are supported by the removable sealing cap. When the
cap is placed on and seals the tube container, the swab member is
supported within the tube container so that the bibulous swab
material does not touch the walls or end of the tube container.
When desired, the liquid in the liquid storage receptacle can flow
through the hollow swab member and contact the swab material.
Inventors: |
Beall; Glenn Lee (Gurnee,
IL), White; Fred K. (Glen Ellyn, IL) |
Assignee: |
Miles Laboratories, Inc.
(Elkhart, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
23731607 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/436,223 |
Filed: |
January 24, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/572;
604/2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
10/02 (20130101); A61F 13/38 (20130101); A61B
10/0096 (20130101); A61M 35/006 (20130101); B01L
3/5029 (20130101); B01L 2300/123 (20130101); B01L
2300/047 (20130101); G01N 2001/028 (20130101); B01L
2200/141 (20130101); B01L 2400/0481 (20130101); B01L
2400/0478 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/40 (20060101); A61F 13/38 (20060101); A61B
10/00 (20060101); G01N 1/02 (20060101); A61B
010/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2W,2F,269
;195/139,13.5R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,311,457 |
|
Mar 1973 |
|
UK |
|
285,835 |
|
Jul 1915 |
|
DD |
|
Primary Examiner: Howell; Kyle L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Davidson; Louis E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A transport swab tube apparatus comprising in combination a tube
container having a closed end and an open end, a cap removably
attached in sealing relationship to said open end of said tube
container, a tubular swab member supported by said cap having a
length less than that of said tube container and having an opening
at each end thereof, bibulous swab material carried by and covering
the opening at one end of said swab member, a liquid storage
receptacle supported by said cap, a passage communicating between
said liquid storage receptacle and the other end of said swab
member, and a relatively movable sealing means associated with said
receptacle and said swab member, said sealing means when in a first
position sealing the interior of said receptacle from said passage
and when in a second position affording communication between the
interior of said receptacle and said passage so that liquid can
flow from said receptacle through the tubular swab member and
become absorbed by said bibulous swab material, said tubular swab
member being supported by said removable cap in such a manner that
said bibulous swab material is positioned within said tube
container and out of contact therewith when said removable cap
seals said open end of said tube container.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said receptacle is
provided with a vent opening and there is relatively movable second
sealing means for said vent opening connected for relative movement
with said first-mentioned sealing means to first and second
positions, said second sealing means sealing said vent opening when
in its said first position and permitting venting of said
receptacle to the atmosphere when in its said second position.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein there is means defining a
chamber in communication with the opening at said other end of said
tubular swab member, said means being supported by said removable
cap and supporting said tubular swab member, said receptacle being
movable to first and second positions relative to said swab member,
and cooperable sealing means on said receptacle and swab member,
said sealing means sealing the interior of said receptacle from
said chamber when said receptacle is in its first position and
affording communication between the interior of said receptacle and
said chamber when said receptacle is in its said second
position.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said receptacle is
provided with a vent opening and there is cooperable second sealing
means on said receptacle and swab member sealing said vent opening
when said receptacle is in its first position and permitting
venting of said receptacle to the atmosphere when said receptacle
is in its said second position.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said removable cap has a
top with a skirt depending therefrom capable of mating in sealing
relation with said tube container, said removable cap also having
an opening in said top and a tubular extension surrounding said
opening and coaxially depending from said top, said extension
having a reduced diameter lower end portion telescopically
supporting one end of said tubular swab member, said extension
forming a chamber communicating with the opening in said end of
said swab member, a closed ended extension member extending
coaxially from the swab member through said chamber and out through
said opening in said top of said removable cap, said swab member
having a portion of reduced diameter forming an annular external
shoulder, a movable tubular member coaxially positioned between
said tubular extension of said removable top and said swab member
and its extension member, said movable tubular member having an
axial opening near one end thereof and having sealing means
cooperable with said swab member near the opposite end thereof,
said movable member being capable of axial movement to three
operational positions, said movable tubular member when in a first
operational position being located so that the end opening thereof
surrounds and is sealed by the closed end of the swab member
extension while the sealing means thereof forms a
liquid-impermeable seal between the depending extension of said
removable top and the larger diameter portion of the swab member,
said movable tubular member when in a second operational position
being moved upward so that the end opening thereof is no longer
sealed but the sealing means still maintains the liquid-impermeable
seal between the depending extension of the removable top and the
larger diameter portion of the swab member, thereby permitting the
movable tubular member to be filled with liquid through said end
opening thereof, said movable tubular member then being movable to
its the first operational position wherein the end opening is
sealed and said movable tubular member forms a liquid storage
receptacle, said movable tubular member when in a third operational
position being moved upward so that the sealing means thereof is
moved beyond the annular shoulder on the swab member to break the
liquid-impermeable seal and allow the liquid stored in the movable
tubular member to flow out of such receptacle and into the open end
of said hollow tubular swab member, said movable tubular member
being thereafter movable to its first operational position wherein
the interior of the swab member is sealed from communication with
the surrounding atmosphere.
Description
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
In the practice of medicine a physician frequently desires to
obtain a sample of organisms which may be present in or on various
parts of a human body. to accomplish this task, he takes a sterile
swab from its supply container, contacts the desired sample area
with the swab and then forwards the swab to a laboratory for
culture analysis. This overall procedure has several requirements.
First, the swab must be maintained in a sterile condition before it
is used. Second, the swab must not become contaminated with
organisms foreign to those present in the desired human body sample
area prior to culture analysis. Third, in order that the test
organisms can provide an accurate culture analysis, they must be
maintained in a viable state between the time of sample collection
on the swab and the time of culture analysis in the clinical
laboratory. This is accomplished by liquid treatment of such swab
with a preservative medium, generally by pouring liquid into a tube
holding the swab. Such preservative liquid can undesirably wash off
some of the organisms from the outer surface of the swab.
Efforts have been made in the prior art to provide apparatus to
conveniently achieve the above-described conditions. Such prior art
efforts are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3163160,
3282114, 3368549, 3388043, 3450129, 3616265, and 3674007 and
British Pat. Nos. 1234044 and 1311457.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, transport swab tube
apparatus is provided comprising in combination an elongated tube
container having a closed end and an open end, a removable cap
capable of sealing said open end of said tube container, an
elongated hollow tubular swab member having a length less than that
of said tube container and having an opening at each end thereof,
bibulous swab material located at one end of said swab member and
covering the opening at that end of said swab member, a liquid
storage receptacle located near the other end of said swab member
and capable of being placed in liquid-flow communication with the
opening at said end of said swab member so that liquid can flow
from said receptacle through the tubular swab member and become
absorbed by said bibulous swab material, said tubular swab member
and said liquid storage receptacle being supported by said
removable cap, said bibulous swab material being positioned within
said tube container near the closed end thereof and not in contact
with said tube container when said removable cap seals said open
end of said tube container.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a similar view of such embodiment during one aspect of
the use of such apparatus;
FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of
the present invention in ;a first operational position;
FIG. 4 is a similar view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 in a second
operational position; and
FIG. 5 is a similar view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 in a third
operational position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus 10 of the present
invention comprises an elongated tube container 12, a removable cap
18, a swab member 20 and a liquid storage receptacle 22. The tube
container 12 has a closed end 14 and an open end 16 provided with
external threads 24. Removable cap 18 has a top portion 26 and a
depending tubular side portion 28 provided with internal threads 30
capable of threaded relation with threads 24 of tube container 12.
An extension 32 depends axially from top portion 26 of cap 18.
A chamber 34 is formed by a tubualr member 36 having at its upper
end an annular radially outwardly projecting lip 38. Member 36 is
coaxially supported by cap 18 through tight-fitting or adhesive
contact between lip 38 and the sidewall portion 28 of cap 18 above
the location of threads 30. The tubular member 36 terminates at its
lower end in bottom wall 40 which is formed with an axial opening
42 therein. Member 36 is formed of a flexible material, such as
thin flexible organoplastic. A sealed liquid storage receptacle or
capsule 22 filled with liquid 23 is located inside chamber 34 and
is held in position by extension 32. Receptacle 22 is formed from
frangible material, such as glass or brittle organoplactics.
The hollow tubular swab member 20 has an open upper end 44 fitted
into opening 42 of chamber 34 and is supported thereby. The joint
between swab member 20 and bottom wall 40 can be a press-fit or
adhesives may be employed if desired. Chamber 34 is thus in
communication with the upper end opening 44 of swab member 20. The
open lower end 46 of swab member 20 is covered by bibulous swab
material 48. This swab material is preferably cotton, but other
absorbent material can also be used. The members 36 and 20 together
have an overall length less than that of container 12. As shown in
FIG. 1, when removable cap 18 is threaded onto and seals the open
end 16 of container 12, the bibulous swab material 48 is positioned
within container 12 near the closed end 14 but not in contact with
the container. In this relationship the apparatus can be sterilized
so that the sterile swab material 48 can be stored in a sterile
condition until needed.
In order to use the apparatus of the present invention to obtain a
microorganism sample, cap 18 is loosened and, together with the
swab member 20, is removed from tube container 12. Using cap 18 as
a handle for the swab member 20, the swab material 48 is placed in
contact with the sample area, whereby microorganisms are
transferred to the swab material. Again using cap 18 as a handle,
swab member 20 with material 48 is replaced into container 12.
Before placing cap 18 onto the open end of container 12, the member
36 is squeezed so as to break the frangible receptacle 22. The
liquid 23 can then flow from such receptacle through tubular swab
member 20 and become absorbed by swab material 48. Receptacle can
be conveniently broken by digital squeezing pressure on member 36.
An alternative technique is shown in FIG. 2 wherein the member 36
is bent over the edge of end opening 16 of tube 12 causing fracture
of receptable 22. In this technique the portion of chamber 34
opposite from that in contact with tube 12 is digitally held so as
to prevent swab material 48 from coming into contact with the walls
of tube 12.
Once receptacle 22 is broken and liquid begins to flow into swab
member 20, cap 18 is placed onto seals container 12 so that the
overall configuration is as shown in FIG. 1, except that receptacle
22 no longer holds liquid 23.
Liquid 23 can be any culture-sustaining liquid. The composition of
this liquid will be governed by the type of microorganism collected
on the swab material. Illustrative useful liquids are distilled
water, saline solution, and various culture nutrient media. The
particular composition of the liquid does not form a part of the
invention described and claimed herein.
The apparatus of FIG. 1 can be transported to a clinical laboratory
for subsequent culture analysis. During this transport and storage,
the microorganism sample on swab material 48 does not lose its
vitality and it is not contaminated by other organisms. Since the
culture-sustaining liquid does not wash against the outer surface
of swab material 48, as is the usual fashion in prior art
apparatus, there is no dilution of the sample and no washing loss
of the sample. the liquid 23 merely moistens the swab material 48
and enables the culture vitality to be maintained.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and
5. Apparatus elements similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 have the
same number with a suffix a. Referring to FIG. 3, an elongated tube
container 12with a closed end 14a and an open end 16a has a
removable cap 18a capable of mating in sealing relation thereto.
Cap 18a has a top 50 and a tubular depending sidewall 52 which can
have a threadable attachment to container 12a. Top 50 has an axial
opening 54 therein, and cap 18a also has a coaxial tubular
extension 56 surrounding opening 54 and depending from top 50.
Extension 56 is of somewhat larger diameter than opening 54 to form
an annular abutment 58. Tubular extension 56 has a reduced diameter
lower end portion 60 and a lower end wall 40a having a coaxial
opening 42a therein.
A hollow tubular swab member 20a is telescopically fitted into the
reduced diameter portion 60 of extension 56 and is supported
thereby. The joint between swab member 20a and passage opening 42a
can be a press-fit or adhesives may be employed if desired. The
open lower end 46a of swab member 20a is covered by swab material
48a. Swab member 20a is formed with at least one opening 72 which
provides communication between the interior thereof and the
interior of the extension 56. The upper end of swab member 20a
terminates in a coaxial extension member 62 which may be solid and
which extends coaxially through opening 54 in cap 18a. This
extension member 62 has a portion 64 of smaller diameter than the
external diameter of tubular swab member 20a, thereby forming an
annular shoulder 68. Extension member 62 can be attached directly
to swab member 20a by adhesives or can be formed integral
therewith. Cap 18a, extension 56, swab member 20a and extension
member 62 thus form a unitary member with no relative motion
between connecting parts of such unitary member.
A movable tubular member 74 is telescopically positioned within
extension 56 and surrounds swab member 20a and its extension 62.
Member 74 is formed at its upper end with a top knob portion 76
having an axial fill and vent opening 78 therein and having tubular
coaxial skirt or spacer means 80 depending therefrom. Opening 78 is
sized so as to form a liquid-impermeable seal with the upper end
portion 66 of extension 62. At its lower end member 74 is formed
with sealing means in the form of a plurality of
longitudinally-spaced, transversely inwardly and outwardly
extending annular bead or flange portions 82 and 84 which extend
between and are in liquid-impermeable sliding contact with
extension 56 and the tubular portion of swab member 20a. These
flange portions 82 and 84 thus form a sealing ring configuration.
Member 74 is capable of axial movement in both directions between
its lower most position shown in FIG. 3 through an intermediate
position shown in FIG. 4, to its raised position shown in FIG. 5.
As shown in FIG. 3, the spacer means 80 on knob 76 has a
predetermined length so as to define the lowermost position of
member 74 and to also position opening 78 in a sealing relationship
with end portion 66 of swab member 20a when spacer 80 contacts cap
18a. As will be apparent from FIG. 5, the abutment means 58 limits
upward movement of flange portions 82 and 84 and thereby prevents
member 74 from being undesirably removed completely from member
56.
This preferred apparatus is employed in the following manner. The
apparatus is initially fabricated in the first operational position
as shown in FIG. 3 and is then sterilized. Member 74 is then moved
upward to the second operational position shown in FIG. 4 wherein
the end opening 78 is no longer sealed by end portion 66 and the
sealing ring configuration provided by flange portions 82, 84 still
maintains the liquid-impermeable seal between the extension member
56 and the tubular portion of swab member 20a. In this second
operational position, a filling tube 86 can be inserted through
opening 78 and liquid 23a introduced into the liquid storage
receptacle formed by tubular member 74. Upon removal of the filling
tube 86, member 74 is lowered until spacer means 80 contacts the
cap 18a as shown in FIG, 3. The liquid 23a (not shown in FIG. 3) is
not sealed and stored in the member 74. This filling operation can
be conducted under sterile conditions. The apparatus can then be
stored until needed to collect a microorganism sample. Liquid 23a
cannot leak from its receptacle in member 74 no matter in what
position the apparatus is stored.
In order to use the apparatus of FIGS. 3 to 5 to obtain a
microorganism sample cap 18a is loosened and, together with the
swab member 20a, extension 56 and member 74, is removed as a unit
from container 12a. Using cap 18a as a handle, swab member 20a is
manipulated so as to place the swab material 48a in contact with
the sample area, whereby microorganisms are transferred to the swab
material. Again using cap 18a as a handle, the unitary assemblage
is returned to its position shown in FIG. 3 wherein the swab member
20a is in container 12a and cap 18a tightened to seal swab material
48a inside container 12a. Member 74 is then moved upward, using
knob 76 as a handle, to the third operational position shown in
FIG. 5. By such movement the sealing ring configuration of flange
portions 82 and 84 is moved upwardly beyond the annular shoulder 68
at the upper end of the tubular portion of swab member 20a to break
the liquid-impermeable seal and allow the liquid 23a stored in the
member 74 to flow into the chamber 34a provided by tubular
extension 56, through openings 72 and into the interior of hollow
swab member 20a. The liquid then flows downwardly within swab
member 20a into contact with the swab material 48a as shown in FIG.
5 and maintains the culture vitality of a microorganism sample
collected thereon. By depressing knob 76, the member 74 is then
lowered to the first operational position shown in FIG. 3 wherein
the swab member 20a is sealed from communication with the
surrounding atmosphere. This lowering action of member 74 also acts
as a piston to force liquid 23a out of chamber 34a and into hollow
swab member 20a.
The various elements of this apparatus are conveniently formed from
organoplastics. While it is not necessary, it is preferred that
tube container 12 or 12a be transparent so that the swab material
48 or 48a can be observed prior to and after collection of the
sample.
The apparatus of the present invention has the technical and
commercial advantages of convenience, simplicity of operation,
controlled sterility prior to use and minimal contamination after
collection of sample. It also prevents the microorganisms from
being washed off the swab by external liquid application. It is an
advance in the art of transport swab tubes.
* * * * *