U.S. patent number 3,916,393 [Application Number 05/446,549] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-28 for multicolor gaseous discharge display device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Tony N. Criscimagna, Frank M. Lay.
United States Patent |
3,916,393 |
Criscimagna , et
al. |
October 28, 1975 |
Multicolor gaseous discharge display device
Abstract
An improved gaseous discharge display device is disclosed for
providing a multicolor capability with nominal modification of
existing gaseous display technology. A dielectric glass over the
conductor array on the viewing side of the device is doped with
discrete transition elements arranged in a predetermined
configuration, such elements being adapted to generate a specific
color dot when the associated site is energized by appropriate
selection signals. The panel is fabricated essentially as a
conventional gaseous discharge panel, and requires no substantial
modification of existing addressing and control circuitry.
Inventors: |
Criscimagna; Tony N.
(Woodstock, NY), Lay; Frank M. (Woodstock, NY) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23773002 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/446,549 |
Filed: |
February 27, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
313/518; 345/72;
313/587; 365/116 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
11/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
17/49 (20060101); G11C 011/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/173PL,324M
;313/218 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Fears; Terrell W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Connerton; Joseph J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A gaseous discharge display device adapted for multicolor
display comprising in combination
a pair of support plates sealed to form a chamber filled with an
ionizable gas,
said support plates having conductor arrays formed thereon, each of
said conductor arrays comprising parallel conductors, said arrays
being substantially orthogonally related to define gas discharge
sites at respective intersections thereof,
a dielectric layer formed over each of said conductor arrays,
said dielectric on the support plate comprising the viewing side of
said display device having an associated plurality of discrete
transition elements positioned over said gas discharge sites
whereby ionization of said gas by application of control signals
applied to selected sites thereof produces a localized color
display through said associated transition elements.
2. A display device of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said
plurality of discrete transition elements are arranged in a uniform
configuration over the display portion of said display device.
3. A display device of the type claimed in claim 2 wherein said
ionizable gas has panchromatic light emission characteristics.
4. A device of the type claimed in claim 3 wherein said gas having
panchromatic light emission characteristics is Xenon.
5. A device of the character claimed in claim 1 wherein the
conductors in said array positioned adjacent said viewing side of
said device have multiple drive lines to increase the light
intensity.
6. A device of the character claimed in claim 4 wherein said
discrete transition elements are in elements 21-30 of the periodic
table.
7. A device of the character claimed in claim 6 wherein said
elements are copper, cobalt and copper with a small percentage of
tin.
8. A device of the character claimed in claim 6 wherein said
copper, cobalt and copper tin transition elements produce displays
of aqua green, blue and red respectively.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Application Ser. No. 410,009 filed Oct. 25, 1973, for "Gas
Discharge Device for Multicolor Information Display" by Frank Tsui
et al.
Application Ser. No. 372,384 filed June 21, 1973, for "Method and
Apparatus for Gas Display Panel" by Tony N. Criscimagna et al.
Application Ser. No. 405,205 filed Oct. 10, 1973, for "Gas Panel
Fabrication" by Peter H. Haberland et al now U.S. Pat. No.
3,837,724.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to display devices and more particularly to
an improved gaseous discharge display device for generating images
in selected colors by the selective energization of individual
display sites.
Gaseous discharge display and storage devices have been developed
as possible replacement for cathode ray tubes since they afford
economy of manufacture, consume relatively low power and their flat
panel configuration is more readily adaptable for packaging. One
example of such gaseous discharge display and storage panels is
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,559,190 "Gaseous Discharge and Memory
Apparatus" patented Jan. 26, 1971, by Donald L. Bitzer et al. Such
devices may comprise three layer glass cell construction including
a center layer of physically isolated cells, or alternatively may
comprise an open panel configuration of electrically isolated but
not physically isolated cells or sites. Individual sites are
selected by energizing associated pairs of orthogonal drive lines
disposed on opposite sides of the panel to produce a breakdown
potential of the gas resulting in light emitting plasma. The
resulting wall charge produced at potential permits the display to
be maintained at a lower potential designated sustain. While the
intensity of the display may be varied by variation of the
amplitude, frequency or duration of the write signals, practical
design considerations dictate uniformity of signals such that a
single intensity level display is provided.
Alphanumeric display terminals, particularly when associated with a
processor, utilize different techniques for visual cueing or
highlighting of certain aspects of the display. Such visual cueing
features include dual intensity, blinking, underscore and color.
From a human factors standpoint, a preferred highlighting technique
is color which can draw the attention of the operator to areas of
the display without undue visual fatique or strain.
The enhancement of the efficiency of gas discharge devices through
the use of phosphors is, of course, well known. One example of this
technique is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,589,789, "Method of
Producing an Open Cell Color Plasma Display Device" by Carl C.
Hubert et al and assigned to the assignee of the instant invention.
In the Hubert et al apparatus color plasma diaplay panels are
produced by selectively applying, by cataphoretic deposition,
predetermined phosphors to certain conductors carried on the inner
faces of panel walls whereby the cells exhibit either multiple or
single color effects during operation.
An interesting extension of this technique is the deposition of
different color phosphors over adjacent cells in the manner of the
shadow mask television tubes. An example of this technique
utilizing three different phosphors in a triad color group and
coincident selection of individual colors is shown in the
aforereferenced copending application Ser. No. 410,009. Each of the
phosphors is located at a corresponding intersection point so that
it may be addressed. By suitably addressing the cells within a
color group, a variety of colors can be produced. Phosphors,
however, age rapidly when exposed to gas discharges. Other
techniques for producing color in gaseous discharge displays
comprise complex structures utilizing different gases, one example
being shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,588,596 to Donald D. Tech.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
By utilizing a gas display panel with a gas which is panchromatic
in light emission such as xenon and a dielectric doped with various
transition elements in a discrete manner on the viewing side of the
panel, a multicolor capability is provided by selective
energization of the site having the desired color producing
transition element. A transition element is one of several groups
of elements in the periodic table having an incomplete inner shell.
Such elements, as more fully described hereinafter, are all metals
and most possess color ions and have a tendency to form complexes.
When formed over conductor arrays on a glass substrate and
overcoated with a glass frit which is reflowed, the transition
elements diffuse into the glass. When the area beneath the desired
transition element is ionized by appropriate drive signals applied
to the associated conductors, the resulting panchromatic light
emission causes the color ions in the transition element to emit
light of the selected color. The device can be fabricated by
gaseous discharge panel technology such as described in the
aforenoted copending application Ser. No. 405,205, and is driven by
logic and drive circuitry such as shown in aforenoted copending
application Ser. No. 372,384.
Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to
provide an improved multicolor gaseous discharge display
device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved
multicolor gaseous discharge display device comprising an array of
discrete transition elements in a predetermined configuration, each
of said elements being adapted when ionized to produce a color
light output.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved multicolor gaseous discharge display device having an
array of color dots on the display surface of said panel, said dots
being composed of transition elements adapted to emit a specified
color when the associated site is discharged by appropriate drive
signals.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the
present invention will be apparent from the following description
of a preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in the
following drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front edge view of a multicolor gaseous discharge
display assembly constructed in accordance with the teaching of the
instant invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the display surface of one of the panel
components shown in FIG. 1 illustrating the array of transition
elements.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to FIG. 1
thereof, there is illustrated a gaseous discharge display assembly
10 comprising glass substrates 11 and 13, substrate 10 having a
plurality of conductors 15 formed thereon, with a layer of
dielectric glass 17 formed over the conductor array. The gas
chamber 21 is filled in the preferred embodiment with xenon gas
which is panchromatic in light emission. The panel is sealed about
its edges to form a gas containing envelope. An additional layer of
a refractory material 19 is disposed over the dielectric to protect
the conductors against sputtering or ion bombardment during
ionization of selected cells or sites. Refractory materials having
a high coefficient of secondary emission such as magnesium oxide,
for example, are well known in the art and permit operation at
lower signal levels. On the opposite or viewing side of gas chamber
21 is a second layer of refractory material 23 identical to layer
19, and a dielectric layer 25. In addition to conductors 31 which
are orthogonal to conductors 15, the preferred embodiment of the
present invention utilizes a series of discrete transition elements
35, 39 in a predetermined array, the particular transition elements
in the preferred embodiment being selected for a specific color
definition. As is well known in the art, transition elements
include a series of group of elements comprising elements 21
through 30 (scandium -- zinc) in the periodic table as well as
three other groups of elements, elements 39 through 48 (yttrieum --
cadmium), 56 through 80 (lanthanum -- mercury), and 80 through 103
(actinium -- lawrencium). However, for the three colors utilized in
the preferred embodiment of the instant invention, only elements in
group 1 are used. Copper, cobalt and copper mixed with a small
percentage of tin are the transition elements utilized to provide
the three colors. Transition elements of copper provide an
aqua-greenish color, transition elements of cobalt a blue color and
transition elements of copper with a small percentage of tin
provide a red color. An alternative method of providing a three
color display would be to utilize two transition elements for two
of the colors, while the discharge of the gas without a transition
element would produce a third color. The transition elements may be
applied in individual sites through conventional masking
techniques, the method employed in the preferred embodiment,
although photo etching techniques might also be utilized. For a
tricolor display such as contemplated in the preferred embodiment
of the instant invention utilizing three transition elements, three
separate evaporations through different masks would be required,
one for each of the transition element colors. The size and shape
of the pads of transition elements would vary as the function of
the desired resolution and size of the panels, but the pads
utilized in the preferred embodiment for a resolution of 50 lines
per inch would be approximately 180 mils on each side. A 50 line
per inch resolution would provide a display resolution of 25 lines
per inch, since two lines are required for selection of one of the
three basic colors. Each transition element is located at the
intersection of an associated pair of orthogonal conductors. The
transition elements as more clearly shown in FIG. 2 are driven from
one side by drive conductor 31A-31N while they are driven from the
opposite side by drive conductor 33A-33N, the preferred embodiment
of the instant invention utilizing a driving arrangement from both
sides of the panel. However, this driving arrangement is merely as
a matter of design choice, and driving from either or both sets of
conductors from either or both sides of the panel is contemplated
within the present invention.
Before continuing with the description of the present invention, a
brief description of the theory of gaseous discharge displays will
facilitate an understanding of the subject invention. Gaseous
discharge panels or plasma display panels operate under the "wall
charge" theory wherein writing is accomplished by applying a
discharge potential across the conductors associated with selected
sites to generate a discharge, the resulting light output being
then maintained or sustained by a lower level signal. An
alternating potential from associated pairs of conductors is
capacitatively coupled to the gas through the dielectric material,
producing an alternating voltage across the gas in the region or
site defined by the conductor intersection. When this potential
exceeds the breakdown voltage of the gas, the gas becomes
conductive through the voltage induced production of electrons and
gas ions, and selected gas cells or sites are said to have broken
down. In this conductive state, electrons in the gas migrate to the
wall which is temporarily positive while the ions migrate to the
wall which is temporarily negative. The charge particles collected
on the dielectric walls or wall charges produce a potential between
the dielectric surface and the conductors which opposes the
externally applied potential and thus reduces the voltage across
the cell. As current continues to flow through the gas, the
opposing wall charge increases until the gas voltage drops below
that necessary to maintain the gas in a conductive state, i.e., the
sustain level, and the current discharge is extinguished. On the
following phase reversed half cycle of the a.c. signal, the voltage
produced by the wall charge initially adds to the externally
produced signal so that the gas voltage is augmented and the cell
reignited. Thus, due to wall charge effect and after an initial
discharge, the breakdown voltage of the gas is obtained at a lower
value of external potential, a current discharge of opposite sense
to the initial discharge is initiated and a wall charge of opposite
polarity to the initial wall charge is established with sufficient
magnitude to cause the discharge to be extinguished. Thus, after
initial breakdown, the wall charge condition is maintained in
selected cells by application of a lower potential sustain signal
which, combined with the wall charge, causes the selected cells to
be reignited and extinguish continuosly at the frequency of the
sustained signals to maintain a continuous display. Since the drive
signals of a plasma display are in the kilocycle range, a
flicker-free display is provided. The light upward for display
purposes is produced during the passage of the discharge of
current. For additional details regarding the operation of such
panels and light sustain and erase mode, reference is made to the
aforenoted Criscimagna et al application Ser. No. 372,384.
In the preferred embodiment of the instant invention, the
conductors 31 and 33 are shown as comprising multiple conductors to
increase the light output since the light might otherwise be
obstructed by opaque conductors. However, depending on the desired
intensity of light output, either single opaque conductors or
single transparent conductors could be substituted. The vertical
conductors, since they are not on the viewing side of the
invention, may be single opaque conductors, conductors of
chrome-copper-chrome being utilized in the preferred embodiment of
the instant invention. The lower chrome layer provides adherence to
glass while the upper chrome layer protects the copper conductors
from chemical attack by the dielectric glass during reflow of the
dielectric layer over the conductors.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a top view of panel
13 which is inverted 180.degree. to illustrate the details of the
configuration of transition elements employed in the instant
invention. As heretofore noted, the particular configuration
selected for the preferred embodiment of the instant invention
utilizes three transition elements, 35 and 37 on alternate vertical
lines, 39 on alternate horizontal lines and this particular triad
combination is repeated in both directions. Transition elements 35
are copper mixed with a small percentage of tin to produce a
reddish color; transition elements 37 are copper which produce an
aqua greenish color, and transistion elements 39 are cobalt which
produce a blue color.
The fabrication of a gaseous display element is described in detail
in the aforereferenced copending Application Ser. No. 405,205 to
Haberland et al and one of the steps in the process is the spraying
and reflow of glass frit over the conductor array to form the
dielectric. In the instant invention, the transition elements are
deposited through a mark on the glass frit after spraying, as shown
in FIG. 1, but before reflow, and then reflowed in the conventional
manner. However, during the reflow, the transition elements are
diffused into the dielectric but extend only over the specific area
afforded by the masking operation. Conductors 31A-31N and 33A-33N
extend through an entire line of transition elements and are then
joined so that conductor 31A, for example, terminates at point 45
and conductor 33A terminates at point 47. When a discharge is
produced at a selected site, as described heretofore, the resulting
panchromatic light emission at the discharge site causes the doped
dielectric to emit a display of discrete color, each of the
discrete elements being sufficiently closely spaced that reasonable
resolution for a particular color display is available. The
conductors 31 and 33 terminate in termination pads 43 and 41
respectively, conductors 31 being designed to select the red or
aqua color embodied in alternate transition elements 35, 37, while
conductors 33 will be used for selection of the blue transition
elements 39 when selection is provided simultaneously by the
associated vertical conductor. The associated vertical conductor
array is provided with single vertical conductors associated with
each of the columns such that alternate rows and columns will
emcompass identical transition elements. The transition elements
are spaced relative to each other so that they are in an abutting
relationship to prevent the emission of light between elements.
As previously noted and described in FIG. 1, when connected in a
panel arrangement, the conductor and transition element array will
be on the lower surface of the substrate but on the viewing surface
of the display since the light will be shining through the
transition elements. In view of the large number of potential
transition elements which may be employed, a variety of colors to
suit the particular application would be available. As described,
the normal fabrication techniques utilized to fabricate a gas panel
such as described in the aforenoted Haberland et al application,
Ser. No. 405,205 with the minor modifications as described may be
employed, while conventional addressing techniques such as those
described in the aforenoted Criscimagna et al application, Ser. No.
372,384 may be utilized to drive the panel, eliminating the
necessity of additional development. The aging problems associated
with phosphors are eliminated, and only 2 lines are utilized to
select one of three colors.
While a 20 .times. 20 matrix of transition elements are shown in
the interest of clarity, it will be appreciated that in practice
the technique is extended to practical size panels using
resolutions of 50 lines per inch or more depending on the
application.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described as
referenced to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood
by those skilled in the art that certain other changes and form of
details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention.
* * * * *