U.S. patent number 3,911,170 [Application Number 05/368,789] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-07 for method of processing porous materials.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Satoru Honjo, Masaaki Takimoto.
United States Patent |
3,911,170 |
Honjo , et al. |
October 7, 1975 |
Method of processing porous materials
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for processing porous
materials. The porous material is coated with a surface-coating
material. The surface-coating material substantially completly
prevents mass penetration of liquid into the porous material, but
since the surface-coating material is not entirely cohesive or
entirely film-forming, tiny pinholes are formed in the surface of
the surface-coating material. This causes problems when a liquid is
later applied to the porous material coated iwth the
surface-coating material because the liquid penetrates into the
porous material. This problem is solved by, after applying the
surface-coating material and drying the same, applying thereto a
"pinhole-filling dispersion," which comprises a liquid and a finely
dispersed substance therein, whereby the liquid easily penetrates
through the pinholes in the surface-coating material, carrying the
finely dispersed substance, whereafter, the finely dispersed
substance "coagulates" in the pinholes and blocks them completely,
whereby the combined surface-coating material/pinhole-clogging
material forms a substantially impermeable film.
Inventors: |
Honjo; Satoru (Asaka,
JA), Takimoto; Masaaki (Asaka, JA) |
Assignee: |
Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
(Minami-ashigara, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13054514 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/368,789 |
Filed: |
June 11, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jun 9, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-57398 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
427/140; 427/411;
430/127; 428/511; 430/117.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
5/101 (20130101); D21H 19/822 (20130101); Y10T
428/31895 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
D21H
19/82 (20060101); D21H 19/00 (20060101); G03G
5/10 (20060101); B32B 035/00 (); B32B 029/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/2R,98,76P,135.5
;96/85 ;427/411,511 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Husack; Ralph
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for processing a porous paper coated with a layer of a
surface coating of a film-forming resin to reduce or remove
pinholes which permit the penetration of a liquid and which exist
in the surface coating of a film-forming resin which is capable of
nearly preventing penetration of a liquid to the porous material;
which method comprises bringing said layer of surface-coating resin
into contact with a pinhole-filling dispersion comprising a liquid
and a finely dispersed substance selected from the group consisting
of a colorless pigment, a plastic particle or a pigment coated with
a plastic therein, said liquid easily penetrating into the interior
of the porous paper through pinholes formed in said surface-coating
resin and carrying said finely dispersed substance into said
pinholes, whereby said finely dispersed substance fills and seals
said pinholes and wherein the rate of penetration of said
pinhole-filling dispersion is from about 2 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4
mm.sup.3 to about 60 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 mm.sup.3 /sec.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein prior to the treatment with the
pinhole-filling dispersion from 5 to 30 pinholes per cm.sup.2 are
present and after the treatment with the pinhole-filling dispersion
less than 5 pinholes per cm.sup.2 are present.
3. The method of claim 2 where the pinholes have a diameter less
than about 10 microns and the finely dispersed substance has a size
equal to or less than the size of the pinholes.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the size of the finely dispersed
substance is from about 0.5 micron to about 5 microns.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the liquid carrying the finely
dispersed substance therein is selected from the group consisting
of one or more volatile petroleum hydrocarbons, esters, ketones,
alcohols and halogenated hydrocarbons.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface coating resin is a
polyalkyl acrylate, polymethacrylate, copolymer of an
alkylacrylate, copolymer of an alkylmethacrylate, copolymer of a
methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, linear polyester,
unsaturated polyester, alkyd epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol,
polyvinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride or a copolymer of
styrene and butadiene.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the finely dispersed substance
comprises from about 1 to 20% by volume of the said liquid.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid carrying said finely
dispersed substances therein is contacted with the surface-coating
resin for about 2 seconds to about 40 seconds, after which drying
is conducted.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein drying is at about 60.degree. to
about 120.degree.C.
10. The method of claim 8 which consists essentially of the recited
steps.
11. The method of claim 1 where the finely dispersed substance is a
colorless pigment.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the finely dispersed substance is
a plastic particle.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the finely dispersed substance is
a pigment coated with a plastic.
14. The method of claim 1 where the pinholes have a diameter of
less than about 10 microns and the finely dispersed substance has a
size equal to the pinholes.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein said liquid is an organic
liquid.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the rate of penetration of said
pinhole-filling dispersion of from 4 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 to 32
.times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 mm.sup.3 /sec.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for processing a porous
material, and, more particularly, to a method for removing pinholes
through which a liquid penetrates into the porous material.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For convenience's sake, the requirements for such a porous material
will be described below, taking an electrophotographic recording
paper as exemplary.
Electrophotographic light-sensitive materials comprising a support,
such as paper, having provided thereon a zinc oxide/resin
dispersion type photoconductive insulating layer or an organic
photoconductive layer mainly comprising polyvinyl carbazole, are
widely used in the copying field.
However, when a so-called liquid developing method is used to
develop such materials, the following problems are encountered. In
many cases, the back surface or surface free of light-sensitive
layer of such a material is also provided with a resin layer, and
fine pinholes unavoidably lie scattered throughout the layer. A
liquid developer is liable to penetrate through these pinholes into
the interior of the paper support, resulting in the formation of
undesirable spot-like stains on the back side of a finished print,
as well as increasing the drying load and consumption of
developer.
When the back surface is not coated in any manner to permit the
free penetration (absorption) of liquid over the whole surface and
the processing solution is squeezed at the end of processing
followed by forced drying, stains are uniformly formed over the
whole surface since the liquid is freely volatilized from the
paper, and hence here are comparatively less problems regarding the
drying load and the wastage rate of the liquid.
However, where a film capable of preventing a liquid from
penetrating into a light-sensitive material to a considerable
degree is provided, the liquid is difficult to volatilize once it
penetrates into the light-sensitive material, which results in
spot-like, non-dryable regions which remain over a long period of
time.
As one solution to these problems, methods of reducing the number
of pinholes have been suggested, e.g., making a film thick to such
an extent that almost no liquid penetration is observed during
processing with a liquid, and conducting processing in two steps
wherein the back surface is first processed with a carrier liquid
for a developing agent to penetrate a colorless, toner-free liquid
into the support.
The former method, however, is economically disadvantageous since
the film must be thick. For example, in order to try to attain the
above-described object, resins such as polyvinyl alcohol must be
applied in an amount of about 5 g/m.sup.2 to the back side of the
light-sensitive material. This seriously affects the mechanical
properties of the resulting paper and imposes additional
restrictions on the processing of the opposite surface from the
point of curling balance or the like, as well as lowering the
flexibility and feel which is characteristic of paper. Thus, the
application of a resin film in such an amount is not preferred. In
addition, even at such a coating amount, resins capable of
constituting a closed layer are restricted as to kind, which
seriously narrows the degree of freedom in setting up production
conditions.
The latter method involves the defects that it requires complicated
apparatus since the processing is conducted in two steps and that
non-dryable spots remain as in the first method, though no stains
are left after drying since the penetrating liquid contains no
toner. These non-dryable spots cause problems in the case of, e.g.,
obtaining color images and the like by a superposition
development.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for providing a coating
film containing extremely few pinholes and, expressed in connection
with the above-described use, it provides a base paper for use in
electrophotography where liquid penetration is prevented.
However, the method of the present invention relates to processing
in general, as will become apparent from the following
descriptions.
The method of the invention comprises: (a) subjecting the surface
of a base material, where penetration of liquid is to be prevented,
to processing to prevent a liquid from penetrating therethrough
over the almost the whole surface (say, for instance, on the order
of 98%); and (b) applying to the surface subjected to processing
(a) a pinhole-filling dispersion prepared by dispersing fine
particles in a liquid which easily penetrates into the interior of
the base material through the pinholes, the particles having a
diameter less than or approximately the same as that of the
pinholes and being capable of stopping up the pinholes.
In step (b), the pinhole-filling dispersion penetrates into the
interior of the base material through the pinholes, and the finely
dispersed particles agglomerate at the pinholes to prevent the
further penetration of the liquid.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will now be more specifically described.
The first step of the invention (hereinafter referred to as "step
(a)" ) can be accomplished by various techniques so far known. Step
(a) does not constitute an essential concept of the invention. As a
typical example, there is illustrated applying a resin solution or
a resin dispersion to a base material such as paper. Resins possess
a film-forming property and form an approximately continuous film
on the surface of the base material. Of course, there remain
microscopically discontinuous portions on the surface, which
portions form pinholes.
The type of element with which the present invention finds
particular application can be described with reference to the
analysis method described in TAPPI, volume 48, No. 10, page 97 A
middle and right columns. Pinholes, or penetration points, can be
classified into various degrees. A great number of pinholes is more
than 20 penetration points/cm.sup.2. An intermediate level is from
5 to 19 penetration points/cm.sup.2. A very low level of
penetration points is less than 5, preferably less the 4, per
cm.sup.2.
In the present invention, coated porous materials which have more
than 20 penetration points per cm.sup.2 are particularlly amenable
to the penetration problem discussed. Using the pinhole/filling
dispersion of this invention, the number of penetration points can
be lowered to less than 4 penetration points/cm.sup.2. Thus,
assuming 5 to 30 penetration points/cm.sup.2, the pinhold filling
dispersion of the present invention can reduce the number of
penetration points per cm.sup.2 to less than 4, and offers
excellent affects when the number of pinholes prior to treatment is
from 5 to 25 per cm.sup.2.
As will be understood from the context of the present invention,
the term "pinhole" refers to any small hole through which a
solution can penetrate. For most practical purposes, layers which
are subject to pinholing (and yet which are commercially used in
the industry), have pinholes of a size less than about 10
microns.
Through holes of this size, the pinhole filling dispersion (or the
penetration of the dispersion which is to be prevented) rapidly
penetrates initially, for instance, at an penetration rate of about
2 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 mm.sup.3 to about 60 .times. 10.sup.-
.sup.4 mm.sup.3 per second, more commonly from 4 .times.
10.sup.-.sup.4 to 32 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 mm.sup.3 /sec. After
treatment, the rate of penetration is less than one-fifth such a
penetration rate.
It will be understood from the above that the surface-coating
material of the present invention is not limited in any special
manner. However, practically speaking, the surface-coating
materials which are subject to the pinholing problem solved by the
present invention are resins, and most common of such
surface-coating material used to surface coat porous materials are
(c) polyalkyl acrylates, methacrylates, alkylacrylates, alkyl
methacrylates, copolymers thereof with compatible materials (where
any alkyl group in the proceeding materials preferably has 1-4
carbon atoms), polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, linear polyesters
unsaturated polyesters, alkyd epoxy resins, polyvinyl alcohol,
polyvinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, copolymers of styrene
and butadiene, and the like. It will be apparent to one skilled in
the art that it is completely impossible to list every conceivable
resin which could be used as a surface-coating material, and the
above listing shall only be taken as representative.
The second step (hereinafter referred to as step (b) ) constitutes
the basis of the invention. As the processing dispersion, those
which meet the following requirements suffice:
i. No detrimental influence is exerted on the base material.
ii. The dispersion medium of the processing dispersion is
volatile.
The "carrier liquid" for the finally dispersed pinhole-filling
particles is best an easily volatilized petroleum hydrocarbon
solvent, an ester, ketone, alcohol, halogenated hydrocarbon or the
like. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, it is
important that the carrier liquid not attack the coating layer
since, essentially, one would then be enlarging the pinholes. High
volatility is useful because this can be used as one procedure for
the coagulation of the finally dispersed pinhole-filling
material.
Specific examples of such materials are petroleum hydrocarbons such
as kerosene, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene,
xylene, isoparaffins and ligroin; esters such as carboxilic acid
alkyl esters where the carboxylic acid and alkyl group having from
1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl
acetate, ethyl lactate and butyl lactate; ketones such as acetone,
methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; alcohols having
from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol and propanol;
halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, ethylene
chloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, carbon
tetrachloride and chloroform; mixture thereof and the like.
The material which is finally dispersed in the carrier liquid to
serve as a pinhole-fitting or clogging material is not especially
limited. However, practically speaking, useful materials will
comprise colorless pigments, plastic particles, and plastic coated
pigment particles, which are able to coagulate in the pinholes and
fill the same.
Preferred plastic particles are thermoplastic resins having a
molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 200,000 such as
polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers,
styrene butadiene copolymers, polyacrylic acid-alkyl esters (ester
moiety having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms), polymethacrylic acid alkyl
esters (ester moiety having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms), copolymers
of such esters and vinyl chloride, styrene, acrylic acid or
crotonic acid, or mixtures thereof and the like.
Preferred colorless pigments are pigments such as titanium oxide,
zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide,
aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium silicate, potassium
silicate, mixtures thereof and the like.
Preferred plastic coated pigments are the above pigments coated
with the above plastics.
While not especially limited, the finally dispersed material should
comprise from about 1 to about 20% by volume of the carrier liquid,
more preferably 1 to 5% of the carrier liquid. This permits a good
transportation rate of the finally dispersed material into the
pinholes.
From the above discussion it will be apparent that the size of the
finally dispersed particles in the carrier liquid can vary greatly
but, however, cannot be greater than the pinhole diameter.
Generally speaking, as size increase much above 10 microns the
pinhole-filling effect tends to fall off, with the same tendency
being seen with particles below about 0.1 micron. Considering both
of these factors, it is thus most preferred to use finally
dispersed particles which have a size of 0.5 micron to 5
microns.
The present invention will now be explained taking, for instance,
the processing of the back surface of a support for use in
electrophotography.
Assuming the surface of the base material to be the support, which
is the surface on which there is to be provided a light-sensitive
layer, is not yet processed, a resin layer is provided on the other
surface or back side thereof.
As a procedding dispersion, a dispersion prepared by dispersing
fine particles of a thermoplastic resin in a petroleum solvent is
utilized. This dispersion is brought into contact with the back
side surface for a sufficient period of time, for instance, on the
order of 2 seconds to 40 seconds, more generally contact for about
5 to 20 seconds being sufficient. Thereafter, the liquid is
completely squeezed out by means of squeezing rollers, followed by
drying. Prior to drying, the liquid penetrates into the squeezed
surface through the pinholes. The projected area of the penetrated
liquid is from about 10 to 20 times to about 100 times that of the
pinholes. It has been found that once the thus processed support is
dried, the liquid does not penetrate thereinto any more. That is,
when the liquid passes through the pinholes the fine particles
agglomerate in the pinholes and function to plug the pinholes. If a
lot of excess liquid is left in a small amount on the film, no
trouble is encountered in the following steps and it can be
completely be removed by air-squeezing or the like.
The time of drying and the temperature of drying are, of course
important, since if one drys too fast the particles do not have an
opportunity to fill up the pinholes. On the other hand, if one drys
for too long of a period, the process time is increased which leads
to lower process efficiency. The time and temperature of drying
must be decided on a case by case basis, but the acceptability of
any drying procedure is generally easily determined. For instance,
drying will, of course, be sufficient to drive off the solvent but
at a temperature insufficient to actually degrade any of the porous
material, coating material or pinhole-filling material. Generally,
an appropriate temperature is selected which ensures carrier liquid
drive-off and no harm to the other components and then, after
cutting a sample into several strips, different drying times are
used until one which provides optimum results is reached. If a
desired pinhole filling effect cannot be achieved, then the
temperature is either raised or lowered, depending on whether the
trend of the results indicate the temperature initially selected
was too high or too low. Commonly used temperatures are about
60.degree. to about 120.degree.C. In the present invention, the
pressure of treatment is unimportant and, for practical purposes,
will always be atmospheric pressure. The temperature of treatment
is also unimportant, so long as, of course, the particulate nature
of the finally dispersed particles is not altered prior to the
coagulating effect desired. Due to the complicated nature of
pinhole filling dispersion which depend on an exotic chemical
reaction to perform their pinhole filling function, the general
rule in the process of the present invention is that the
"coagulation" or setting of the particles in the pinholes is
accomplished by the drying step itself, i.e., carrier liquid
removal. The results obtainable by such a simple procedure are
excellent, and little need exists to go to complicated intrapinhole
filling particle reactions. Obviously, a pinhole-filling substance
such as titanium dioxide is not coagulated, but with the drying
such particles are firmly set into the layer treated.
It is very convenient in this instance to use as the
pinhole-filling dispersion one resembling the processing solution
to be applied to the material during use, i.e., one which is
similar in composition and viscosity to the processing solution to
be applied to the material during practical use. For example, in
the case of electrophotography, the liquid applied to the
light-sensitive material at use is a liquid developer which is
prepared by dispersing fine carbon black particles or the like of
not more than 1 .mu. in particle size in a non-polar carrier liquid
having a low viscosity and a low surface tension. Therefore, it is
desirable to utilize as the pinhole-filling liquid a liquid having
a similar surface tension to that of the liquid developer. Also,
the dispersed particles are preferably about 1 .mu. or less in
particle size, and are preferably particles of colorless pigment or
resin.
It is to be noted that generally the surface tension of aqueous
pinhole-filling liquids is relatively high, and they will tend to
fail to adequately penetrate into very small pinholes. Accordingly,
the general rule is that aqueous pinhole-filling systems are to be
avoided. In short, the main point of the present invention lies in
utilizing the phenomenon that when a filling liquid flows through
pinholes fine particles contained therein are caught at the
pinholes and agglomerate to plug or stop up the pinholes. Such a
phenomenon is experienced in the familiar case of, e.g., filtrating
a precipitate in a chemical experiment in which case a filter paper
becomes impassable in the course of filtration, though the
precipitate passes through the filter paper during the first
stage.
Although the present invention has been explained above referring
to the case of electrophotography, the method of the invention can
be commonly applied to processing various porous base
materials.
The merits of the method of the present invention are clear from
the data given in the following Examples. For example, polyvinyl
alcohol is applied in an amount of about 2 g/m.sup.2 as an aqueous
solution to one surface of a fine quality paper of about 100
g/m.sup.2 in weight. The thus formed layer contains a number of
pinholes and, when a liquid developer for electrophotography is
applied thereto without the processing of the invention, there are
observed 20 to 30 pinholes per 1 cm.sup.2. In order to reduce the
number of pinholes to several pinholes per 1 cm.sup.2, it is
necessary to again apply thereto polyvinyl alcohol in an amount of
2-3 g/m.sup.2. On the other hand, when the method of the invention
is applied to the surface containing 20 30 pinholes per 1 cm.sup.2,
there can be obtained an almost completely pinhole-free surface,
almost without an increase in the coating amount, as confirmed by
measurement. That is, the method of the invention enables one to
greatly reduce materials cost and coating amount.
Additionally, it is of course effective to repeat the method of the
present invention one or more times.
The pinhole-filling liquid used in the method of the invention may
be optionally selected, depending upon the kind of porous material
used.
The present invention will now be illustrated in greater detail by
several non-limiting examples of preferred embodimens of the
present invention. The present invention is not limited by the
examples in any way, however.
Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages in the examples are
weight percentages, and all processings were at room temperature
and at atmospheric pressure.
EXAMPLE 1
A 100 g/m.sup.2 paper of fine quality was used as a base material,
and a 15% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of
polymerization ca.700) was applied to the wire-coated surface
thereof in a dry amount of 2 g/m.sup.2. After drying, it was cut
into two pieces. A commercially available electrophotographic
liquid developer (prepared by dispersing carbon black in a carrier
liquid of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, the particle size of the
carbon black being considered to be about 0.1 micron of less) was
poured onto the resin-coated surface of one piece, it was left for
10 seconds and then washed well with an isoparaffinic solvent. The
whole wire-coated surface was found to be dotted with black spots.
The frequency of the spots was 22 to 25 per 1 cm.sup.2.
Thereafter, a dispersion was prepared by dispersing a vinyl
chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer (copolymerization ratio: 65:35;
polymerization degree: about 260) as fine particles in kerosene
based solvent in the following manner.
30 Grams of a long oil-type alkyd resin (Solid Beckosol 18, made by
Japan Reichhold Chemicals, Inc.; containing 21% by weight phthalic
acid anhydride, 70% by weight of linseed oil, based on 100% of
non-volatile matter; acid value less than 9%; specific gravity from
1.02 to 1.03) and 10 g of vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer
(Denka Lac 61, made by Electro Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; 45% by
weight toluene solution of vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer
having a solution viscosity of 1800-2800 cps/25.degree. C, the
copolymer consisting of 35% by weight of vinyl chloride and 65% by
weight of vinyl acetate, and having a polymerization degree of 260)
were dissolved in 40 cc of acetone and added to 5 liters of
kerosene while stirring and applying ultrasonic waves. The alkyd
resin was soluble in the kerosene while the vinyl chloride/vinyl
acetate copolymer was insoluble and dispersed as fine particles,
whose particle size was considered to be not more than 1
micron.
The second piece of the processed paper surface was brought into
contact with the resulting dispersion for 10 seconds and washed
with pure kerosene. Spots were seen as in the case of the aforesaid
developer due to the penetration of the liquid. The thus processed
paper was dried at 70.degree.C and passed between calender rolls.
When the above-described developer was then poured thereon, it did
not penetrate.
EXAMPLE 2
A 50 g/m.sup.2 office paper was used as a base material, and an
aqueous coating solution prepared by mixing 20 parts of an
electroconductive resin [ECR-34, made by Dow Chemical Co.;
poly-vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride in water, containing
about 30% non-volatile components ] and 50 parts of a 10% aqueous
solution of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization ca. 600)
was applied to the felted surface thereof in a dry amount of 1.5
g/m.sup.2. The sample was cut into two pieces.
When the same developer as in Example 1 was poured onto one piece,
there were observed 50 to 60 black spots per 1 cm.sup.2.
As the processing dispersion to remove pinholes, there was used an
organic solvent dispersion of polyvinyl acetate. This processing
solution was prepared as follows.
A first solution was prepared by dissolving 10 g of polyvinyl
acetate (degree of polymerization ca. 550) in 100 cc of acetone.
Separately, a second solution was prepared by adding to 200 ml of
cyclohexane 20 ml of a 20% toluene solution of varnish obtained by
thermally condensing a rosin-modified phenolformaldehyde resin and
linseed oil. 10 cc of the first solution and 200 cc of the second
solution were mixed with each other to prepare a processing
dispersion.
When the resin-coated surface of the second piece was brought into
contact with the resulting processing dispersion, the same spots as
before were observed on the office paper. When the thus processed
paper was dried at 60.degree.C and the same developer as in Example
1 was poured thereon, no penetration of the developer took place.
The finely dispersed substance had a size of less than 10 .mu. in
the Example.
EXAMPLE 3
A carbon black-containing original paper of 80 g/m.sup.2 in weight
was used as a base material, and an acetone solution of vinyl
methyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer (molecular ratio: 1:1;
degree of polymerization ca. 250) was applied thereto in a dry
amount of 1.5 g/m.sup.2. The sample was cut into two pieces. The
thus processed surface contained a number of pinholes. Therefore,
upon immersing in an isoparaffinic solvent (Isopar H C Esso Co.,
Ltd. ; boiling range 174.degree.-186.degree.C; drying point
189.degree.C, density 0.757, saturated hydrocarbon 99.3% aromatic
hydrocarbons 0.2%, aniline point 83.degree.C), random spots were
produced due to the penetration of the solvent.
On the second piece of the thus coated copolymer surface there was
poured a commercially available electrophotographic developer
(developer for Elefax made by Iwasaki Communication Apparatus Co.;
alkyd resin having carbon black adsorbed thereon carried in Isopar
H) and, after standing for about 10 seconds, the surface washed
with cyclohexane and dried at 80.degree.C. When isoparaffinic
solvent was poured on the thus treated surface the isoparaffins did
not penetrate into the surface. The developer was self-fixing and
contained as a toner the mixture of carbon black and the alkyd
resin. The alkyd resin is considered to harden and stop up the
pinholes.
EXAMPLE 4
5 Grams of gelatin for photographic use (bone gelatin) was weighed
and added to 95 ml of distilled water. The gelatin was swollen by
allowing it to stand for 30 minutes and then dissolved by heating
to 60.degree.C while stirring. The thus obtained 5% by weight
gelatin aqueous solution was coagulated by placing it in a
refrigerator kept at 5.degree.C. 10 Grams of the thus coagulated
gelatin was charged into a ball mill together with 100 ml of
acetone and milled for 10 hours. There was thus obtained a milky
white acetone dispersion of gelatin. This acetone dispersion was
subjected to centrifuging to collect the gelatin particles.
Thereafter, 100 ml of fresh acetone was added to the gelatin
particle and the gelatin particles further milled in a ball mill
for 1 hour. This gelatin dispersion was again subjected to
centrifuging to collect the gelatin particles, which were then
washed with acetone. Thus, there was finally obtained 5 ml of an
acetone paste containing gelatin particles.
To the resulting paste was added 5 ml of soybean oil, and the
mixture was stirred and dispersed in 500 ml of acetone by
ultrasonic waves.
A 50 g/m.sup.2 thin paper of fine quality was used as a base
material, and an electroconductive resin [Calgon Conductive Polymer
261, made by Calgon Corp.; poly (N,N-dimethyl-3,5-methylene
piperidinium chloride) having the formula below; 1000 cps viscosity
and a 1.085 specific gravity] ##EQU1## (wherein n is a positive
integer)] was applied as an aqueous solution to the wire-coated
surface thereof in an amount of 1 g/m.sup.2. The thus processed
surface possessed numerous pinholes through which xylol or toluol
could pass. Therefore, when a coating solution prepared by
dispersing zinc oxide in a toluene solution of silicone resin
(KR-211, made by Sin-etsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.;
methylphenylpolysiloxane) was applied to the processed surface, the
solution penetrated thereinto over the whole surface.
Then the above-described gelatin-soybean oil-acetone,
pinhole-filling liquid was applied to the Conductive Polymer 261
resin-coated surface, there was observed penetration of the liquid
over the entire surface in a spot-like form. When the same toluene
coating solution as above was applied thereto after drying, no
penetration of the solution was observed.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference
to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled
in the art that various changes and modifications can be made
therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
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