U.S. patent number 3,907,496 [Application Number 05/469,364] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-23 for dry cleaning various articles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Societe Rhone-Progil. Invention is credited to Jean Neel, Bernard Papillon.
United States Patent |
3,907,496 |
Neel , et al. |
September 23, 1975 |
Dry cleaning various articles
Abstract
A bath for dry cleaning solid articles, consisting essentially
of at least one usual hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvent having 2 to
8 carbon atoms, which contains per liter 0.5 to 50 grams of water,
1 to 20 grams of isopropylamine-dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and 0.05
to 10 grams of a copolymer of at least 10 moles of a first monomer
selection from the group consisting of methacrylic acid with at
most 90 moles of a second monomer and consisting of alkyl acrylate
and alkyl methacrylate the alkyl of which has 1 to 8 atoms, the
molecular weight of the copolymer being 2,000 to 100,000.
Inventors: |
Neel; Jean (Lyon,
FR), Papillon; Bernard (Lyon-La-Mulatiere,
FR) |
Assignee: |
Societe Rhone-Progil (Paris,
FR)
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Family
ID: |
9070412 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/469,364 |
Filed: |
May 13, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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218021 |
Jan 14, 1972 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jan 18, 1971 [FR] |
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71.01434 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
8/142; 510/290;
510/476; 510/342; 510/361; 510/287 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06F
43/007 (20130101); D06L 1/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D06F
43/00 (20060101); D06L 1/00 (20060101); D06L
1/04 (20060101); D06l 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;8/142 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Levy; Donald
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Blodgett; Norman S. Blodgett; Gerry
A.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 218,021 filed Jan.
14, 1972, now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. A bath for dry cleaning solid articles, consisting essentially
of at least one usual hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvent having 2 to
8 carbon atoms, which contains per liter 0.5 to 50 grams of water,
1 to 20 grams of isopropylamine-dodecyl-benzene sulfonate, and 0.05
to 10 grams of a copolymer of at least 10 moles of a first monomer
selection from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic
acid with at most 90 moles of a second monomer and consisting of
alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate the alkyl of which has 1 to 8
carbon atoms, the molecular weight of the copolymer being 2,000 to
100,000.
2. Bath according to claim 1, wherein said solvent is
trichloroethylene.
3. Bath according to claim 1, wherein said solvent is
perchloroethylene.
4. Bath according to claim 1, wherein said copolymer is formed by
about 50 moles of acrylic acid with 50 moles of isopropyl acrylate,
the molecular weight of the copolymer being in the range of 5,000
to 50,000.
5. Bath according to claim 4, wherein said solvent is
trichloroethylene.
6. Bath according to claim 4, wherein said solvent is
perchloroethylene.
7. A bath for dry cleaning solid articles, consisting essentially
of at least one usual hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvent having 2 to
8 carbon atoms, which contains per liter 0.5 to 50 grams of water,
1 to 20 grams of a surface active agent which is isopropyl-amine
dodecyl-benzene sulfonate, and 0.05 to 10 grams of a copolymer of
50 moles of acrylic acid with 50 moles of isopropyl acrylate.
8. A bath for dry cleaning solid articles, consisting essentially
of at least one usual hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvent which is
trichloroethylene, which contains per liter 0.5 to 50 grams of
water, 1 to 20 grams of a surface active agent selected from the
group consisting of amine alkyl-aryl-sulfonates, and 0.05 to 10
grams of a copolymer of at least 10 moles of a first monomer
selection from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic
acid with at most 90 moles of a second monomer and consisting of
alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate the alkyl of which has 1 to 8
carbon atoms, the molecular weight of the copolymer being 5,000 to
50,000.
9. A bath for dry cleaning solid articles, consisting essentially
of at least one usual hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvent which is
perchloroethylene, which contains per liter 0.5 to 50 grams of
water, 1 to 20 grams of a surface active agent selected from the
group consisting of amine alkyl-aryl-sulfonates, and 0.05 to 10
grams of a copolymer of at least 10 moles of a first monomer
selection from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic
acid with at most 90 moles of a second monomer and consisting of
alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate the alkyl of which has 1 to 8
carbon atoms, the molecular weight of the copolymer being 5,000 to
50,000.
Description
The invention relates to an improvement to dry-cleaning various
articles, inter alia textile articles, i.e. the washing of textile
or other fibres or articles with nonaqueous solvents. The invention
relates more particularly to the use of a novel kind of adjuvant
which improves cleaning and gives better stain removal and
whiteness. Accordingly, the invention comprises a novel agent which
prevents soil redeposition on an article from which stains have
been removed in an organic solvent bath. The invention also relates
to baths containing the aforementioned agent.
Dry-cleaning is very widely used at present, and its usefulness is
becoming more evident every day. Whether, the solvent used is dry
or contains a little water, it is usually necessary to add
surface-active agents soluble in the given solvent to the cleaning
bath, in order to improve stain removal. It has thus become
conventional to mix the solvents with intensifiers, more
particularly agents such as amine alkyl-aryl-sulphonates
ethoxylated derivatives or amines or of aliphatic alcohols, or
alkyl-polyethoxy phenols. In spite of these admixtures, which are
often accompanied by optical bluing agents and bleaching agents,
the degree of stain removal or whiteness of washed articles is
often reduced because dirt in the baths is redeposited on the
washing. To obviate this disadvantage, the invention provides a
novel means which can give much better cleaning than can be
obtained with conventional baths.
The novel anti-redeposition agent for dry-cleaning baths comprises
one or more polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or a copolymer
of one of the aforementioned acids with an acrylic or methacrylic
ester which is soluble in or at least swells considerably in
water.
Usually, the esters which can form copolymers with acrylic and/or
methacrylic acids, are aliphatic; in practice they are usually
alkyl esters containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and, more
particularly, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and
tert-butyl acrylates and/or methacrylates.
In order to satisfy the required conditions of solubility or at
least of adequate swelling in water, the polymers according to the
invention preferably have a molecular weight of between 2,000 and
100,000, or preferably between 5,000 and 50,000.
When the agent is a copolymer of an acid with an ester, there
should be at least 10 molecules of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid
per 100 molecules of monomer which it contains.
Since the preparation of acrylic homopolymers and copolymers is
well known, it will not be described here.
It has unexpectedly been found that the aforementioned polymers,
when added in small proportions to dry-cleaning baths, are very
effective in preventing soil redeposition, when the bath contains a
small proportion of water, e.g. up to 100 g H.sub.2 O per liter of
solvent.
It is found that acrylic polymers according to the invention
containing from 10 to 100 acid groups per 100 acrylic or
methacrylic groups have the most effective anti-redeposition action
when the organic solvent contains between 0.5 and 50 g of water per
liter.
Preferably, the adjuvant according to the invention is used with
one or more other additives of known kind, inter alia with cleaning
intensifiers. Usually the proportion of the adjuvant is small
compared with the proportion of intensifier; it may be e.g. as low
as 1% of the weight of the intensifier and is preferably between 2
and 20%. Compared with the quantity of solvent, the quantity of the
adjuvant according to the invention may advantageously vary between
0.05 and 10 gliter; of course, these figures are approximate and
the proportion may vary outside the afore-mentioned limits
depending on the nature of the solvent, the water content, the
nature and proportion of the intensifier and the particular nature
of the chosen anti-redeposition agent.
Very advantageously, known amine alkyl-aryl-sulphonates may be
associated with the acrylic homopolymers or copolymers according to
the invention.
The agents according to the invention can be used with all solvents
commonly used for dry-cleaning, inter alia chlorinated, fluorinated
or chlorofluorinated hydrocarbons, more particularly aliphatic
hydrocarbons, and especially trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylene; benzene hydrocarbons, inter alia benzene,
toluene or xylene; or aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane,
heptane, octane, petroleum distillate, petroleum ether, etc.
The agents according to the invention can be used in cold or hot
cleaning and are of use in all known methods of cleaning with
organic solvents, provided that the latter contain a certain
proportion of water as explained hereinbefore.
The invention is non-limitatively illustrated in the following
examples.
GENERAL METHOD OF OPERATION
In all the examples, the bath comprised 500 ml perchloroethylene in
which the quantities stated in each example of the intensifier and
acrylic polymer according to the invention had been dissolved.
Cleaning was performed at 22.degree.C for 30 minutes, with
agitation at 150 reciprocations per minute. The operations were
performed in a machine known as a "Tergotometer" (standardised),
containing 4 tubs for making 4 tests simultaneously.
In each test, a strip of cotton fabric measuring 13 .times. 21 cm
which had been artificially soiled (EMPA soil of Fabric
Incorporated (New York)) was treated in the presence of a clean
strip of the same cloth.
After cleaning, the whiteness of the previously soiled strip and of
the accompanying clean strip were determined in known manner with
an Elrepho apparatus having a number 8 filter. The whiteness of the
first strip after washing shows the degree of cleaning, whereas the
whiteness of the second strip shows the extent to which soil
redeposition has been reduced. In the following examples, use is
made of the two aforementioned parameters and their sum is also
noted, since this is important in showing the total effect of the
adjuvant tested.
The following abbreviations are used in the examples:
Ts: soiled cloth
Tp: clean cloth
Dbsi: isopropylamine-dodecyl-benzene sulphonate
Absa: another amine aryl alkyl sulphonate
Gil: an agent according to the invention comprising a copolymer of
50 mols of acrylic acid with 50 mls of isopropyl acrylate and
having a molecular weight of approx. 10,000.
EXAMPLES 1 to 5
The perchloroethylene bath contained 6 g of water per liter and 5
g/l of an intensifier, which was DBSI in Examples 1 to 3 and ABSA
in Examples 4 and 5. In a first series of tests, the measured
whiteness was as follows: EXAMPLES WHITENESS No. TS TP Total
______________________________________ 1 DBSI 59.2 65.3 124.5 2
DBSI + 0.3 g/l GIL 63.7 77.- 140.7 3 DBSI + 0.05 g/l GIL 59.5 72.5
132.0 4 ABSA 61.- 69.- 130.- 5 ABSA + 0.3 g/l GIL 61.8 75.4 137.2
______________________________________
As can be seen, the addition of small quantities of GIL acrylic
polymer according to the invention substantially improves the
whiteness of the clean fabric in the presence of a conventional
amine alkyl-aryl-sulphonate.
EXAMPLES 6 to 10
Washing tests similar to those of Examples 1 to 5 were made using
10 g of water and 5 g of intensifier per liter of solvent. The
observed results were as follows:
EXAMPLES WHITENESS No. TS TP Total
______________________________________ 6 DBSI 65.- 65.5 130.5 7
DBSI + 0.3 g/l GIL 67.2 79.6 146.8 8 DBSI + 0.1 g/l GIL 67.7 78.-
145.7 9 ABSA 64.- 72.- 136.- 10 ABSA + 0.3 g/l GIL 64.4 80.7 145.1
______________________________________
These results, by comparison with Examples 1 to 5, show that an
increase in the water content is accompanied by an increase in the
antiredeposition effect of the adjuvant according to the
invention.
EXAMPLES 11 to 16
Tests were made using a still larger content of water, i.e. 20 g
per liter of solvent, all the other conditions remaining the same
as in the preceding examples.
______________________________________ EXAMPLES WHITENESS No. TS TP
Total ______________________________________ 11 DBSI 71.5 80.6
152.1 12 DBSI + 0.3 g/l GIL 71.3 84.- 155.3 13 DBSI + 0.1 g/l GIL
73.8 83.6 157.4 14 DBSI + 0.05 g/l GIL 72.5 82.- 154.5 15 ABSA 68.3
78.- 146.3 16 ABSA + 0.3 g/l GIL 71.4 83.5 154.9
______________________________________
Example 13, compared with the other results, shows that the optimum
content of GIL acrylic polymer was about 0.1 g/l under the test
conditions.
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