U.S. patent number 3,907,090 [Application Number 05/443,419] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-23 for printer and pressure assembly therefor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Computer Devices, Inc.. Invention is credited to William E. Northfield, Joel S. Novak.
United States Patent |
3,907,090 |
Northfield , et al. |
September 23, 1975 |
Printer and pressure assembly therefor
Abstract
A printer with a high-speed advancing and printing head suitable
for printing on thermally sensitive paper, in response to computer
commands. Good contact between the printing head and the paper is
provided by completion of a magnetic flux circuit formed in part by
a flux-carrying means that extends parallel to the travel of the
head. This magnetic circuit permits the use of a small, low-inertia
printing assembly and thus facilitates high speed movement from one
print position to the next. The use of the same magnetic flux
circuit for braking of the printing head and carriage by sliding
friction upon the paper prevents overshoot and oscillation when the
head approaches a new print position.
Inventors: |
Northfield; William E.
(Arlington, MA), Novak; Joel S. (Hudson, MA) |
Assignee: |
Computer Devices, Inc.
(Burlington, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23760734 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/443,419 |
Filed: |
February 19, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
400/120.16;
347/198 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
15/06 (20130101); B41J 19/02 (20130101); B41J
25/312 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
19/02 (20060101); B41J 25/312 (20060101); B41J
15/06 (20060101); B41J 19/00 (20060101); B41J
003/05 () |
Field of
Search: |
;197/1R,49 ;101/93C
;346/76R,139C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Crowder; Clifford D.
Assistant Examiner: Rader; R. T.
Claims
We claim:
1. In a thermal printer for printing successive lines of selected
discrete characters upon a sheet, the printer comprising a thermal
printing head having a multiplicity of energizable and
de-energizable print points positioned over an area for defining
the desired characters by selective energization of respective sets
of said print points by a character control circuit, a carriage
means for advancing said head stepwise across said sheet to a
plurality of discrete character positions and for returning said
head, a sheet transport mechanism for advancing said sheet
lengthwise after the printing of each line, and a pressure applying
system for causing said thermal printing head to thermally contact
said sheet, the improvement wherein said pressure applying system
is an electromagnetic system comprising a first flux carrying
member attached to and secured to move with said head and carriage,
said flux carrying member having at least a pair of spaced apart
faces, and a second flux carrying member which is elongated,
extends parallel to the path of advance of said head and presents a
pair of elongated faces opposed and parallel to respective faces of
the first said flux carrying member, at least one of said flux
carrying members associated with electromagnet coil means, and said
first and second flux carrying members together defining a magnetic
circuit for flux produced by said coil means regardless of the
position of advance of said head, and control circuitry for
energizing said coil means while said printing head is stopped in a
said discrete character position, said first flux carrying member
being arranged to press said printing head to thermally contact
said sheet in response to flux produced by energization of said
coil means, whereby a selected set of said print points on said
print head, energized by said character control circuit, are caused
simultaneously to firmly press against said sheet in the absence of
relative lateral movement to produce a character on said sheet.
2. The thermal printer of claim 1 wherein said printing head is
positioned to slidably contact said sheet while said head
advances.
3. The thermal printer of claim 1 wherein said control circuitry is
adapted to selectively energize said coil means to a first level at
the time of energizing said thermal head to press said printing
head firmly against said sheet for printing a character and after
said printing to de-energize said coil means to a second level,
lower than the first, reducing pressure of said head upon said
sheet to enable advancing movement of said head while said head
remains in sliding contact with said sheet under the influence of
said coil means.
4. The printer of claim 1 wherein said control circuitry is adapted
during advancing movement of said head to energize said
electromagnetic coil means to brake said carriage by sliding
friction of said head upon said sheet as said head approaches a new
discrete print position.
5. The thermal printer of claim 1 wherein said second flux carrying
member is on the opposite side of the sheet from said first flux
carrying member, said magnetic circuit being defined across the
thickness of said sheet.
6. The thermal printer of claim 1 wherein said first flux carrying
member comprises a ferromagnetic armature and said second flux
carrying member is associated with said coil means.
7. The printer of claim 6 wherein said second flux carrying member
comprises a pair of legs extending in parallel throughout the range
of movement of said carriage, said legs connected to each other by
a bridge member throughout their length and free portions of said
legs defining a pair of pole faces disposed for interaction with
said armature to complete said magnetic circuit.
8. The printer of claim 7 wherein said coil means comprises two
coils, one wound about and throughout said extent of each of said
legs.
9. The printer of claim 7 wherein the normals to said pole faces
correspond to the direction of application and release of pressure
of said head, said armature having corresponding pole faces,
energization of said coil means being effective to draw respective
pairs of said leg and armature pole faces together thereby to urge
said head against said sheet.
10. The printer of claim 9 wherein said second flux carrying member
is on the opposite side of the sheet from said first flux carrying
member, said magnetic circuit being defined across the thickness of
said sheet, the respective pole faces of said armature and said
second flux carrying member being parallel to the plane of said
sheet and opposed to each other across the thickness of said
sheet.
11. The printer of claim 10 further including an elongated
elastomeric mass extending parallel to said second flux carrying
member, said mass defining a surface parallel to the surface of
said sheet, said surface being opposed to said thermal printing
head and projecting beyond said flux carrying member toward said
sheet.
12. The printer of claim 7 wherein said armature comprises a
plurality of leg members connected by a bridge means, each of said
armature leg members positioned closely in opposition to a leg
member of said second flux carrying member.
13. The printer of claim 4 further including an elongated
elastomeric mass extending parallel to the path of said carriage
and head, said mass defining a surface parallel to the surface of
said sheet, and being opposed to said head, on the opposite side of
said sheet therefrom, and said control circuitry adapted to
energize said coil means during a braking period before said head
comes to rest in a new discrete print position and to energize said
coil means while said head is at rest and thermal printing elements
of said head are energized, to press said head against said sheet
and thereby compress said elastomeric mass.
14. The printer of claim 13 wherein said carriage is slidably
mounted on a shaft to advance said printing head, said carriage
being rotatable on said shaft, to allow said armature and head to
freely respond to press said head against said sheet upon
energization of said coil means.
15. For use in a printer in combination an electromagnet coil means
and an elongated flux carrying member associated with said coil
means and extending along one face of a sheet to be printed, said
flux carrying member having at least a pair of spaced apart
elongated faces, a print head adapted for printing characters upon
said sheet, a carriage means to advance said head stepwise in the
direction of extent of said elongated flux carrying member to a
plurality of discrete character positions therealong, an armature
of ferromagnetic material associated with said head and having
faces opposed and parallel to faces of said elongated flux carrying
member, said elongated flux carrying member and associated
electromagnet coil means being adapted to interact with said
armature to press said head against said sheet upon energization of
said electromagnet coil means over the range of said positions of
advance of said head and control circuitry adapted to momentarily
energize said electromagnet coil means to a braking level during
advancing movement of said head from one discrete character
position to the next thereby to press said head against said sheet
to produce sliding friction sufficient to brake said head and
carriage means as it comes to rest at said next discrete character
position.
16. The mechanism of claim 15 wherein said print head is disposed
at the opposite side of said sheet from said electromagnet coil
means, said sheet lying in said gap therebetween and means
selectively to advance said sheet through said gap in a direction
perpendicular to the direction of advance of said head.
17. The mechanism of claim 15 wherein said control circuitry is
adapted to receive commands from a computer and in response thereto
to initiate a printing cycle including energization of said print
head and energization and de-energization of said electromagnet
coil means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a printer for high-speed printing. One
problem associated with such printers for thermal printing is
difficulty in obtaining good thermal contact between the fast
advancing printing head and the thermally sensitive paper, thus
causing indistinct printing. A second problem is that use of heavy
mechanical systems for increasing contact pressure is incompatible
with high-speed advance, since high mechanical inertia prevents
rapid start and stop motion. A third problem is that printing head
carriages which advance rapidly from one print position to another
may overshoot and oscillate while approaching the new print
position.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Objects of the invention are to provide an improved printer with
regard to the various problems just noted and in particular to
provide a thermal printer for high-speed printing on thermally
sensitive paper suitable for receiving signals from a computer,
translating those signals into commands and utilizing the commands
to produce carriage movement, paper movement and printing.
According to the invention, pressure exerted by the printing head
on the paper for ensuring good contact is produced by the
completion of a magnetic circuit including a flux-carrying means
extending parallel to the advancing path of the head. This permits
the application of pressure by means of a small, low-inertia part
or armature mounted on the head, which is compatible with rapid
advancement of the head for high printing speeds. The use of such
electromagnetic systems also permits simple and rapid control
together with a minimum of moving parts, increasing durability.
Another feature of the invention is a braking system employing a
structure as above, to eliminate overshoot and oscillation when the
head approaches a new position, thus to increase printing speed.
Other features concern the particular structural relationship
illustrated in the Figures which enable a compact and effective
design to be achieved.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will
appear from the following description of a preferred thermal
printer embodiment taken in conjunction with the drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the embodiment taken
on lines 1--1 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially broken away of the
embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partially broken away and on an
enlarged scale of the elements defining the magnetic flux circuit
of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an end view of the elements of FIG. 3 together with the
carriage of the printer; and
FIG. 5 is a front side view of the printer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTICULAR EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, a platen assembly 10 and a carriage assembly
12 define a printing system for action upon a sheet 14 of
thermosensitive paper fed upwardly between them. The sheet is fed
from a supply roll 16, under a dancer assembly 18, through upper
and lower paper guides 20 and 22 respectively, past a feed roll
drive assembly 24 and then upwardly between the platen and carriage
assemblies.
Referring to FIG. 2, a perspective view of the preferred
embodiment, the platen assembly 10 is elongated, extending
throughout the width of the printer, parallel to feed drive roll
assembly 24 and shaft 26. Shaft 26 guides and supports the carriage
assembly in its advances across the width of the sheet. More
specifically, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the platen assembly
comprises an elongated elastomeric bar 28 held in position by an
iron core member 30. This member in vertical cross section as shown
in FIGS. 3 and 4 is of U-shape and the elastomeric bar 28 is
positioned at the open end of the U-shape, protruding slightly
beyond the end faces 31 of the core member 30. Each leg 30a, 30b of
the U, as well as bar 28, extends throughout the width of the
printer, each leg serving as a core for a coil, 32a and 32b
respectively. Each coil has elongated strands extending the length
of the platen on each side of its respective core, turning about
the ends thereof. Thus in vertical cross-section, the device forms
a horseshoe magnet with coils wound and connected to augment each
other in the production of flux within core 30 during energization
of the two coils. The platen assembly 10 is joined by end mounts 34
to the housing side plates 36 of the printer. FIG. 5, a side view
of the preferred embodiment, also illustrates many of these
features.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the carriage assembly 12 is comprised of
four sections: carriage body 38, carriage bearings 40, printing
head assembly 42 and plate 44 forming a cable restraint and a
photocell flag tab used in conjunction with a photocell (not shown)
to indicate approach to the zero position upon carriage return. The
carriage body 38 is mounted on shaft 26 via carriage bearings 40,
thereby to permit the carriage assembly to advance freely along the
shaft in an axial direction and to rotate freely upon the shaft,
thereby allowing the printing head assembly to increase or decrease
its pressure upon sheet 14 during operation of the printer.
Printing head assembly 42 (FIGS. 3, 4) comprises a printing element
46 and a ceramic mounting block 48. Printing element 46 provides an
assemblage of silicon transistors mounted to form a 5 .times. 7
matrix of thirty-five heatable dots or elements with drive
electronics and temperature compensation built into the printing
element. A suitable printing element is Model DC 1157012 Thermal
Print Head--5 .times. 7 Dot Matrix manufactured by Displaytek Corp.
The ceramic mounting block 48 attaches the printing element to
carriage body 38 and carries electrical leads and contacts by means
of which electrical power and signals can be transmitted to the
printing element. The printing element 46 is mounted at the upper
left edge of block 48 (relative to the operator, or right edge when
viewed from the back as in FIG. 3) to permit the operator to read a
character immediately after it has been printed.
A flexible harness 50 extends from plate 44 on carriage assembly 12
to printed circuit board 52, which provides the logic for actuating
the various dots in the matrix, thus forming desired letters or
symbols through known thermal printing techniques. The carriage
assembly is advanced along shaft 26 by the advancer 54 in the form
of a carriage timing belt 56 driven by carriage stepper motor 58.
The various drives of the printer, i.e. the carriage stepper motor
58 and the paper advance drive 62, are controlled by power circuits
on a second printed circuit board (not shown) mounted parallel to
housing endplate 36.
Crucial to effective printing is the amount of pressure with which
the printing head bears upon the sheet. The pressure is needed to
make good thermal contact between each dot in the matrix and the
paper despite watermarks and grain in the paper itself. According
to the invention, the force of the head against the paper is
provided by interaction of the platen magnet previously described
with a force clip member 60. The printing head assembly 42 is
mounted on carriage assembly 12 with two small screws. Force clip
member 60 is comprised of an H-shaped piece of ferro magnetic
material having legs 60a, 60b joined by bridge 60c (FIG. 5),
mounted so that faces 61 of these legs oppose faces 31 of legs 30a,
30b of the U-shaped platen magnet, all of the faces being parallel
to the paper, and normals thereof corresponding to the direction of
application of the pressure of the head on the paper. Printing
element 46, surrounded by legs 30a, 30b, opposes the projecting
elastomeric bar 28. When the platen magnet is energized, the legs
of the force clip will complete a path for magnetic flux which
includes the U-shaped steel core 30 of the electromagnet and the
air gaps between the faces 31 of the legs of the platen magnet 30a,
30b and the faces 61 of the legs of the force clip 60a, 60b. The
air gaps will be of the order of 3 to 5 mils when the magnet is
energized to the first current level and 4 to 7 mils when
de-energized, depending on the thickness of the paper used,
etc.
Paper is advanced through the printer by means of a paper stepper
motor 62 and paper timing pulley and belt 64 and 66 respectively.
This drives a roller shaft 68 against which the paper is pushed by
pinch rollers 70. This action pushes the paper upwards past the
head and platen assembly. The paper feed system 72 is comprised of
two end supports which hold the paper roll in the printer frame.
One end is a free turning pivot point. The other is comprised of a
spring and washer arrangement 74. The frictional action between the
washer and a slide plate prevents unrolling of the paper under
light vibration.
In a typical use the printer is employed in a remote terminal such
as might be carried by a salesman and connected to a computer by
telephone line. The control logic of the printer receives
instructions from the computer and initiates a series of letter or
symbol commands. Each of these commands involves a cycle which
includes a print operation followed by a carriage movement
operation. In a typical cycle the following steps occur: At time
zero the electromagnet 32 is energized to a first current level,
increasing the force applied by the force clip and the U core which
brings the printing element into good thermal contact with the
paper, regardless of the particular position of the printing head
along the width of the paper. In achieving this good thermal
contact both the paper and the elastomeric bar are slightly
compressed by the pressure, as a matter of design the pressure
being determined by appropriate selection of the elastomeric bar
and the current level. The printing elements, i.e., those dots
needed for the printing of the selected letter or symbol, are
turned on for a period of approximately 6 to 12 milliseconds, the
electromagnet remaining energized at the first current level during
this period to provide good thermal contact. The paper changes
color due to its thermo-chemical properties and a letter or symbol
is produced on the paper. At the end of this period a short time of
the order of a millisecond is allowed to permit cooling of the
print element and to permit collapse of the magnetic field, the
magnet 32 having been de-energized to a second, lower current
level. The carriage advance stepper motor is now energized to
advance the carriage one character position along shaft 26, the
head sliding on the paper, the lower level of energization ensuring
that the head does not move away from the paper. As the head
advances to its new position, braking to reduce overshoot and
oscillation is provided by a momentary electrical pulse (e.g. to
the first current level) through the electromagnet coils, providing
increased frictional force between the printer head assembly and
the paper, (and with momentary compression of the elastomeric bar
by the head acting through the paper) as the head slides thereupon.
The head comes to rest much more quickly than it would without the
braking pulse. The total time for this cycle is approximately 16-20
milliseconds and the logic circuitry is now ready for the next
instruction. The carriage is allowed to advance 81 print positions
across the page. The 81st position initiates a carriage return as
can also be done with an external command. By reverse action of the
carriage stepper motor this causes the head to return to its
left-most starting point and also initiates a paper advance
command. The paper advance is forward through the machine. However,
to print overscored and underscored characters, the paper may be
rolled one-eighth of a line either reverse or forward by the
stepper motor and control logic.
By the positioning of the electromagnet in the relation shown a
very effective printer construction is achieved, e.g. it provides
ready visibility of the print-out as it occurs, etc. However it is
possible under certain circumstances to provide the elongated
electromagnet on the same side of the sheet as the print head and
armature, e.g. in an arrangement where an armature associated with
the head (e.g. protruding to the front from mounting block 48)
serves to push the head against the paper instead of the pull
arrangement shown. This and other embodiments will occur to those
skilled in the art and are within the following claims .
* * * * *